WO2014115815A1 - 二酸化炭素固定回路を導入した微生物 - Google Patents
二酸化炭素固定回路を導入した微生物 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microorganism into which a carbon dioxide fixing circuit is introduced, and a substance production method using the microorganism.
- Acetyl CoA is one of the most important intermediates in the metabolic pathway of microorganisms.
- Various metabolites are produced via acetyl CoA.
- substances produced via acetyl CoA include, for example, amino acids such as L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-leucine, L-isoleucine; acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid , Organic acids such as caproic acid, citric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methacrylic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid; isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, butanol, etc. Alcohols; acetone; polyglutamic acid; and the like are known.
- acetyl CoA is produced using a sugar such as glucose as a carbon source.
- Sugar is converted into pyruvate through metabolic pathways called glycolytic pathways such as the Emden-Meyerhof pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway, and pentose-phosphate pathway, and pyruvate is converted to pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate-formate. It is converted into acetyl CoA by the action of lyase or the like.
- carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and formic acid are produced as by-products, not all of the carbon derived from the sugar is fixed as acetyl CoA.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- formic acid are produced as by-products, not all of the carbon derived from the sugar is fixed as acetyl CoA.
- CO 2 is fixed and used as a carbon source in the body of microorganisms
- a Calvin Benson circuit a reductive TCA circuit, a Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, a 3-hydroxypropionic acid circuit, and a 4-hydroxybutyric acid circuit.
- the Calvin Benson circuit is a CO 2 fixation circuit consisting of about 12 enzymes present in plants and photosynthetic bacteria.
- CO 2 is fixed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is produced.
- the reductive TCA circuit is a circuit found in anaerobic bacteria and microaerobic bacteria including green sulfur bacteria, and is composed of 11 kinds of enzymes, and a CO 2 -fixing enzyme (acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 -Oxoglutarate synthase), and produces pyruvic acid from CO 2 by a reverse reaction of the normal TCA cycle.
- the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway is found in anaerobic microorganisms such as acetic acid producing bacteria and consists of nine enzymes. Formate dehydrogenase, CO dehydrogenase, etc. reduce formic acid on CO 2 or coenzyme, and finally acetyl Convert to CoA.
- the 3-hydroxypropionic acid circuit is a circuit found in chloroflexus bacteria and the like, and consists of 13 enzymes. CO 2 is fixed by the action of acetyl CoA (propionyl CoA) carboxylase, and acetylated via malonyl CoA and the like. Produce CoA.
- the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle is a pathway existing in archaea and the like, and CO 2 is fixed by the reaction of pyruvate synthase, acetyl CoA (propionyl CoA) carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and 4-hydroxybutyryl CoA, etc. To produce acetyl-CoA.
- 2011/099006 proposes a circuit for fixing CO 2 via a carbonic acid fixing reaction on acetyl CoA or a reduction reaction of malonyl CoA.
- German Offenlegungsschrift 102007059248 proposes acetyl CoA production by a route similar to the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle.
- the Wood-Ljungdahl route, the route disclosed in WO2009 / 094485, the route disclosed in WO2010 / 071697, and the route disclosed in WO2009 / 046929 are CO 2 including a path for reducing 2 to CO or formic acid, thus strong enzyme reduction reaction catalyzing often do not act only in a reducing environment, the reduction reaction on difficult under normal conditions In addition, it is not easy to introduce the enzyme other than absolutely anaerobic microorganisms. In the reductive TCA circuit, the reduction reaction by pyruvate synthase and the reduction reaction by 2-oxoglutarate synthase require a strong reducing power using ferredoxin as an electron acceptor, and the progress of the reaction is not easy.
- the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle, the route described in WO 2009/046929, and the route described in WO 2011/099006 are succinyl CoA reduction or malonyl CoA.
- the reduction reaction of carboxylic acid or its (thio) ester is used, such as reduction, such a reaction is generally difficult as an enzyme reaction, and it is desirable to avoid it as much as possible as a fermentation route.
- the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle goes through a dehydration reaction such as the dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyryl CoA or the dehydration of 3-hydroxypropionic acid. There is a problem of competing with.
- the 4-hydroxybutyric acid cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionic acid cycle, and the reductive TCA cycle convert maltyl-CoA synthase and pyruvate synthase into acetyl-CoA produced in the circuit to another substance. Therefore, it is not necessarily efficient from the viewpoint of production of acetyl CoA.
- the present invention was made under the above situation.
- An object of the first invention is to provide a microorganism useful for efficiently producing acetyl CoA using carbon dioxide. Another object of the first invention is to provide a method for producing acetyl-CoA and useful metabolites derived from acetyl-CoA in a high yield using the microorganism.
- An object of the second invention is to provide a microorganism of the genus Aspergillus or Capriavidas that can efficiently convert carbon dioxide into a useful metabolite via acetyl CoA.
- the second invention is to provide a method for producing a useful metabolite using the microorganism.
- the first invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows.
- a microorganism having none of the following (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) is added to the following (a), (b), (c), and (d): Without giving any, or giving one or more of the following (a), (b), (c) and (d), without exerting its function, malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylic acid
- a microorganism having an acetyl CoA production circuit obtained by imparting at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase, Pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase , Malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, gly
- Acetyl CoA-producing microorganism (a) a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid, (b) a charcoal having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvic acid Acid fixing circuit, (c) carbonic acid fixing circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA, (d) a carbonic acid fixing circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid, (e) Malay At least one selected from the group consisting of tothiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase;
- [A3] The acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to [A1] or [A2], to which enzyme activities of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase are imparted.
- [A4] The acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [A1] to [A3], wherein the enzyme activities of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase and glycerate 3-kinase are enhanced.
- [A5] Phosphoenolpyruvate or pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate, which is converted to 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid by malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase and glyoxylate carboligase, Any one of [A1] to [A4] having an acetyl CoA production circuit in which -3-oxopropionic acid is converted to 2-phosphoglyceric acid and 2-phosphoglyceric acid is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate An acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to item 2.
- [A6] [A1] to [A5 having an acetyl CoA production circuit including the following (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) and (m) ] At least one selected from the group consisting of (f) pyruvate kinase and pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (G) malate dehydrogenase, (h) malate thiokinase, (i) malyl CoA lyase, (j) glyoxylate carboligase, (k) 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, and hydroxypyruvate isomerase And at least one selected from the group consisting of hydroxypyruvate reductase, ( 1) at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerate 2-kinase, glycerate 3-kinase and
- the microorganism not having any of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) is a microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae or a microorganism belonging to the coryneform bacterium, The acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [A1] to [A6].
- [A8] A microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, wherein the microorganism not having any of (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) is an Escherichia or Pantoea bacterium, Alternatively, the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [A1] to [A7], which is a microorganism belonging to a coryneform bacterium that is a genus Corynebacterium.
- a method for producing acetyl CoA comprising a recovery step.
- the acetyl CoA according to [A9] further comprising a supply step of supplying at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas, and a reducing agent to a medium used for culture. Production method.
- the acetyl-CoA production method according to [A9] or [A10] further including a gas supply step of collecting a gas containing carbon dioxide generated by the culture and supplying the gas to a medium used for the culture.
- [A12] A culturing step in which the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [A1] to [A8] and a carbon source material are brought into contact with each other, and the acetyl-CoA obtained by the contact is intermediated
- the acetyl CoA according to [A12] further comprising a supply step of supplying at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas, and a reducing agent to a medium used for culture.
- a method for producing metabolites having an intermediate are provided.
- the intermediate comprising the acetyl CoA according to [A12] or [A13], further comprising a gas supply step of collecting a gas containing carbon dioxide generated by the culture and supplying the gas to a culture medium used for the culture.
- Metabolite production method [A15]
- a microorganism having none of the following (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) is added to the following (a), (b), (c), and (d):
- [A17] The method for producing acetyl CoA according to [A16], further comprising a gas supply step of collecting a gas containing carbon dioxide generated by the culture and supplying the gas to a medium used for the culture.
- phosphoenolpyruvate or pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate, and oxaloacetate is converted to 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid by malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase and glyoxylate carboligase.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism has an acetyl-CoA production circuit including the following (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l), and (m).
- acetyl CoA according to any one of [A16] to [A18], which is an acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism: (f) pyruvate kinase and pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase and at least one selected from the group consisting of: (g) malate dehydrogenase, (h) malate thiokinase, (i) malyl CoA lyase, (j) glyoxylate carboligase, (k) 2-hydroxy -3-oxopropionate reductase and hydroxypyruvate isomerase At least one selected from the group consisting of rubate reductase, (l) at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerate 2-kinase, glycerate 3-kinase and phosphoglycerate mutase,
- the microorganism which does not have any of the above (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) is a microorganism belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae or a microorganism belonging to the coryneform bacterium, The method for producing acetyl CoA according to any one of [A16] to [A19].
- [A22] An isopropyl alcohol production method in which an acetyl CoA-producing microorganism produces isopropyl alcohol using acetyl CoA produced by the acetyl CoA production method according to any one of [A16] to [A21] as an intermediate.
- [A23] An acetone production method in which an acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism produces acetone using the acetyl-CoA produced by the acetyl-CoA production method according to any one of [A16] to [A21] as an intermediate.
- a glutamic acid production method in which an acetyl CoA-producing microorganism produces glutamic acid using acetyl CoA produced by the acetyl CoA production method according to any one of [A16] to [A21] as an intermediate.
- a culture step in which the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [A1] to [A8] is brought into contact with a carbon source material for cultivation, and isopropyl alcohol obtained by the contact is recovered. And a recovery step.
- [A26] A culture step in which the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [A1] to [A8] and a carbon source material are brought into contact with each other, and a recovery for recovering acetone obtained by the contact And a process for producing acetone.
- [A27] A culturing step of culturing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to any one of [A1] to [A8] and a carbon source material in contact, and recovery for recovering glutamic acid obtained by the contact And a method for producing glutamic acid, comprising: a step.
- the second invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows.
- [B2] The microorganism according to [B1], which has an ability to produce acetyl CoA.
- [B4] Phosphoenolpyruvate or pyruvate is converted to oxaloacetate, which is converted to 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid by malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase and glyoxylate carboligase, Any one of [B1] to [B3] having an acetyl CoA production circuit in which hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid is converted to 2-phosphoglyceric acid and 2-phosphoglyceric acid is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate Microorganism according to one.
- [B6] at least one enzyme reaction selected from the group consisting of the following (a3) and (b3), and the following (c3), (d3), (e3), (f3) and (g3) enzyme reactions;
- the following (h3) enzyme reaction, the following (i3), (j3), (k3) and (n3) enzyme reactions, and the following (i3), (j3), (l3), (m3) and (n3) A microorganism according to any one of [B1] to [B5], having a pathway comprising: at least one selected from the group consisting of an enzymatic reaction: (a3) an enzyme from phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate Reaction, (b3) enzyme reaction from pyruvate to oxaloacetate, (c3) enzyme reaction from oxaloacetate to malate, (d3) enzyme reaction from malate to malyl-CoA, (e3) malyl-CoA to glyoxylate and Acetyl Enzymatic reaction to CoA, (
- [B7] At least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of the following (a4) and (b4), the following enzymes (c4), (d4), (e4), (f4) and (g4); h4), the following (i4), (j4), (k4) and (n4) enzymes, and the following (i4), (j4), (l4), (m4) and (n4) enzymes
- the microorganism that does not have any of (a2), (b2), (c2), (d2), and (e2) is Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tereus, or Capriavidas necatol, [B1] The microorganism according to any one of [B7].
- a culture step of culturing the microorganism according to any one of [B1] to [B8] and a carbon source material in contact, and a recovery step of recovering a target product obtained by the contact A method for producing acetyl CoA, comprising: [B10] The acetyl CoA according to [B9], further comprising a supply step of supplying at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas, and a reducing agent to a medium used for culture. Production method.
- [B12] A method for producing citric acid comprising producing citric acid from a carbon source material using the microorganism according to any one of [B1] to [B8].
- a microorganism useful for efficiently producing acetyl CoA using carbon dioxide is provided.
- the method of manufacturing the useful metabolite derived from acetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA in the high yield using the said microorganisms is provided.
- a microorganism of the genus Aspergillus or Capriavidas that can efficiently convert carbon dioxide into a useful metabolite via acetyl CoA is provided.
- the manufacturing method of the useful metabolite using the said microorganisms is provided.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to the first invention includes the following (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e): , (C) and (d) are not applied, or even if one or more of the following (a), (b), (c) and (d) is applied, the function is not exerted.
- a microorganism having a production circuit comprising pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylate Kinase, malate dehydrogenase, malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, hydroxypyruvate isomerase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, glycerate 2-kinase, glycerate 3- At least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of kinase
- a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid (B) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvic acid. (C) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA. (D) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid. (E) At least one selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase.
- Microorganism according to the first invention by a predetermined enzyme activity has been granted, the CO 2 and CO 2 that is supplied from the outside occurs in sugar metabolism have carbon dioxide fixing circuit which can be converted into acetyl-CoA Furthermore, the predetermined enzyme activity is enhanced and / or the predetermined enzyme activity is inactivated or reduced, so that CO 2 can be efficiently converted into acetyl CoA.
- One aspect of the acetyl-CoA production method according to the first invention is an acetyl-CoA production method that can efficiently convert CO 2 into acetyl-CoA using the microorganism according to the first invention.
- Another aspect of the method for producing acetyl-CoA according to the first aspect of the present invention provides a microorganism that does not have any of the above (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e), ), (B), (c) and (d) are not applied, or even if one or more of (a), (b), (c) and (d) is applied Without imparting at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase
- At least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas, and sodium sulfite is supplied to the medium using a microorganism in which a carbon dioxide fixing circuit is constructed.
- acetyl-CoA and useful metabolites derived from acetyl-CoA for example, isopropyl alcohol
- Ethanol for example, isopropyl alcohol
- acetone for example, isopropyl alcohol
- citric acid itaconic acid
- acetic acid butyric acid
- poly 3-hydroxybutyric acid
- 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid 3-aminoisobutyric acid
- 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid methacrylic acid
- poly glutamic acid, glutamine, Arginine, ornithine, citrulline, leucine, isoleucine, proline, etc.
- the microorganism according to the second invention includes the following (a2), (b2), (c2), (b2), (c2), (d2), and (e2). ) And (d2) are not imparted, or malate thiokinase and one of the following (a2), (b2), (c2) and (d2) are imparted without exerting their functions. It is a microorganism of the genus Aspergillus or Capriavidas obtained by imparting at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of malyl-CoA lyase.
- A2 A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid.
- B2 A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvic acid.
- C2 A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA.
- D2 A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid.
- E2 At least one selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase.
- Microorganism according to the second invention has a path including a given enzyme reaction can efficiently immobilize CO 2 and CO 2 that is supplied from the outside occurs in the glucose metabolism. Further, the microorganism according to the second invention can efficiently convert CO 2 into acetyl CoA.
- the acetyl CoA production method according to the second invention is an acetyl CoA production method capable of efficiently converting CO 2 to acetyl CoA using the microorganism according to the second invention.
- acetyl-CoA and useful metabolites derived from acetyl-CoA for example, citric acid
- Itaconic acid for example, citric acid
- poly-3hydroxybutyric acid proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine
- acetic acid for example, citric acid
- poly-3hydroxybutyric acid proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine
- acetic acid for example, citric acid
- poly 3-hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, citric acid, butyric acid, polyglutamic acid, 4-amino Butyric acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, etc.
- circuit refers to a path that starts from an arbitrary substance on a path, is converted to another substance via the path, and is finally converted to the same substance as the start.
- path refers to a series of reactions by an enzymatic reaction and / or a spontaneous chemical reaction in a fermenter.
- the path may be a circuit or may not be a circuit. Therefore, the carbonic acid fixation path includes a carbonic acid fixation circuit.
- carbon dioxide (CO 2) fixed in the present invention, refers to the conversion of CO 2 and / or CO 2 that is supplied from the outside occurs in the glucose metabolism to organic compounds. CO 2 may be HCO 3 — .
- carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) fixation is sometimes referred to as “carbonic acid fixation”.
- the “enzyme” in the present invention includes “factor” which does not exhibit enzyme activity by itself unless otherwise specified.
- “Inactivation” of enzyme activity in the present invention refers to a state in which the enzyme activity measured by any existing measurement system is 1/10 or less when the enzyme activity in the microorganism before inactivation is defined as 100.
- “reduction” of enzyme activity refers to a state in which when a gene encoding an enzyme is treated by genetic recombination technology, the enzyme activity is significantly lower than the state before the treatment. Point to.
- the term “enhancement” of enzyme activity in the present invention broadly means that the enzyme activity in a microorganism before the enhancement increases after the enhancement.
- the method of strengthening is not particularly limited as long as the activity of the enzyme possessed by the microorganism is increased, by strengthening by introducing the enzyme gene into the cell from outside the cell, or by enhancing the expression of the enzyme gene in the cell. Strengthening and combinations thereof may be mentioned.
- the introduction of an enzyme gene from outside the cell into the cell can be carried out by using a gene recombination technique to encode a gene encoding an enzyme that is more active than the host's original enzyme.
- the enhancement by enhancing the expression of the enzyme gene in the cell includes introducing a nucleotide sequence that enhances the expression of the enzyme gene into the cell from outside the host; the host possesses it in the genome Enhancing the expression of the enzyme gene by enhancing the promoter activity of the enzyme gene; Enhancing the expression of the enzyme gene by replacing the promoter of the enzyme gene held in the genome with another promoter; and these Can be mentioned.
- “giving” enzyme activity broadly means that an enzyme gene is introduced into the cell from outside the cell to give the target enzyme activity to a microorganism that cannot find the target enzyme activity.
- the method of providing is not particularly limited as long as the target enzyme activity is given to the microorganism, and can be performed by a gene recombination technique. Specific examples include transformation with a plasmid carrying the enzyme gene; introduction of the enzyme gene into the genome; and combinations thereof.
- the introduced enzyme gene may be homologous or heterologous to the host cell.
- “Granting” an enzyme activity related to a circuit or pathway of substance metabolism means that the circuit or pathway of substance metabolism is functionally constructed as a result of imparting the enzyme activity, and the method of granting depending on the host Can be selected.
- does not perform its function even if a carbonic acid fixation circuit is imparted means that an enzyme gene is introduced from the outside into a microorganism that does not find the target enzyme activity, It indicates that the carbon fixation circuit is not functioning. That "no carbonate fixing circuit is functioning" is test using labeled CO 2, the label from CO 2 in material derived from metabolites thereof or metabolites in the circuit is not detected, or circuit in It can be indirectly grasped by, for example, no increase in the sugar yield of the substance derived from the metabolite.
- the promoter used for “enhancement” or “giving” of enzyme activity is not particularly limited as long as it can express a gene, and a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter can be used.
- KEGG Knowles Genes and Genomes, http://www.genome.jp/kegg/
- NCBI National Center for biotechnology information, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/).
- KEGG Knowles Genes and Genomes
- NCBI National Center for biotechnology information
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ only the genetic information of microorganisms registered in KEGG or NCBI is used.
- the phrase “by gene recombination technology” means that the base sequence is changed by inserting another DNA into the native gene, replacing or deleting a part of the gene, or a combination thereof. All may be included, for example, the result of a mutation.
- the microorganism in which the activity of the factor or enzyme is inactivated refers to a microorganism in which the intrinsic activity of the factor or enzyme is impaired by some method.
- the microorganism can be produced by, for example, disrupting a gene encoding a factor or enzyme (gene disruption).
- Examples of gene disruption in the present invention include insertion of another DNA into the gene so that the function of the gene is not exhibited, and mutation of the base sequence by substitution or deletion of a certain part of the gene. It is done.
- the gene is not transcribed into mRNA and the protein is not translated, or the transcribed mRNA is incomplete and the amino acid sequence of the translated protein is mutated or deleted, resulting in the original function. Demonstrate becomes impossible.
- the gene-disrupted strain can be produced by any method as long as a disrupted strain that does not express an enzyme or protein is obtained.
- Various methods of gene disruption have been reported (natural breeding, addition of mutagen, ultraviolet irradiation, irradiation, introduction of random mutation, transposon insertion or transfer, site-specific gene disruption), but specific genes Gene disruption by homologous recombination is preferable in that it can only be disrupted.
- Homologous recombination methods are: JournalJof Bacteriology, 1985; 161 (3): 1219-1221, Journal of Bacteriology, 1995; 177 (6): 1511-1519, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , 2000; 97 (12): 6640-6645, which can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art by these methods and their applications.
- “(native) does not have” means that the host microorganism does not inherently exist in nature.
- the “host” in the present invention means a microorganism to which one or more genes are introduced from the outside.
- the “host” is in a state where one or a plurality of genes can be exerted as a result of the introduction of one or more genes from the outside.
- the “host” in the present invention may have a production path for useful metabolites.
- the “useful metabolite” in the present invention means a general term for main metabolites in the metabolic pathway of microorganisms such as alcohol, amino acid, organic acid, terpenes and the like.
- the “host” may be any microorganism that can have the ability to produce a useful metabolite by using any means regardless of whether or not it originally has the ability to produce a useful metabolite.
- the classification of the enzyme referred to in the present specification is a classification based on the report of the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) Enzyme Committee, and the “enzyme number” is the enzyme number based on the report of the IUB Enzyme Committee. It is.
- metabolite having acetyl CoA as an intermediate and “(useful) metabolite derived from acetyl CoA” are produced via acetyl CoA on the metabolic pathway (useful) )
- a generic name for metabolites examples of the alcohol include isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and butanol.
- amino acids include L-glutamic acid, L-glutamine, L-arginine, L-ornithine, L-citrulline, L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-proline.
- organic acids examples include 3-hydroxybutyric acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid, polyglutamic acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methacrylic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid , Caproic acid and mevalonic acid.
- terpenes examples include isoprene, squalene, steroids, and carotenoids. Another example is acetone.
- metabolite having acetyl CoA as an intermediate and “(useful) metabolite derived from acetyl CoA” are produced via acetyl CoA on the metabolic pathway (useful) )
- a generic name for metabolites for metabolites.
- the organic acid include citric acid, itaconic acid, and (poly) -3-hydroxybutyric acid.
- Other examples include 3-hydroxybutyric acid, polyglutamic acid, 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methacrylic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and mevalonic acid.
- production of acetyl CoA means that some substance is converted to acetyl CoA on the metabolic pathway.
- Acetyl-CoA is a metabolic intermediate and is rapidly converted into various substances on the metabolic pathway, so the apparent amount of acetyl-CoA does not always increase, but a substance derived from acetyl-CoA is labeled with CO 2.
- the effect can be indirectly grasped, for example, by detecting the yield of saccharides derived from acetyl-CoA or the like.
- acetyl-CoA production is not necessarily proportional to the total amount of acetyl-CoA-derived substances Do not mean.
- the production route from acetyl CoA to a specific substance is strengthened or the production route from acetyl CoA to a specific substance is originally strong (for example, in the case of a glutamic acid-producing microorganism described later)
- conversion downstream from acetyl CoA Since efficiency is not easily influenced by external factors, the production efficiency of the specific substance can be regarded as an index of acetyl CoA production efficiency.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to the first invention is a microorganism that does not have any of the above (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e). , (C) and (d) are not applied, or even if one or more of the above (a), (b), (c) and (d) is applied, the function is not exerted.
- a microorganism having a production circuit comprising pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylate Kinase, malate dehydrogenase, malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, hydroxypyruvate isomerase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, glycerate 2-kinase, glycerate 3- At least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of kinase
- the microorganism according to the first invention is preferably provided with the enzyme activity of malate thiokinase, and preferably provided with the enzyme activity of malate thiokinase and malyl CoA lyase, from the viewpoint of production efficiency of acetyl CoA.
- the enzyme activities of malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glyoxylate carboligase are imparted, and malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3- More preferably, the enzyme activity of oxopropionate reductase and / or hydroxypyruvate reductase is imparted.
- the microorganism according to the first invention has a simple and practical acetyl-CoA production circuit for fixing CO 2 and converting it to acetyl-CoA.
- the circuit will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- the acetyl-CoA production circuit shown in FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the acetyl-CoA production circuit in the first invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “circuit of FIG. 1”).
- the acetyl CoA production circuit includes the following (f) to (m).
- F At least one selected from the group consisting of pyruvate kinase (Pyk) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (Pck).
- G Malate dehydrogenase (Mdh).
- H Malate thiokinase (Mtk).
- I Malyl CoA lyase (Mcl).
- J Glyoxylate carboligase (Gcl).
- (K) At least one selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase (GlxR), hydroxypyruvate isomerase (Hyi), and hydroxypyruvate reductase (YcdW).
- (L) At least one selected from the group consisting of glycerate 2-kinase (GarK), glycerate 3-kinase (GlxK), and phosphoglycerate mutase (Gpm).
- the acetyl CoA production circuit essentially includes only the above (f) to (m), and the acetyl CoA production circuit possessed by the microorganism of the present invention includes only the above (f) to (m).
- the acetyl-CoA production circuit is preferable.
- CO 2 binds to phosphoenolpyruvate or pyruvate by the action of Ppc, Pck, or Pyc and is converted to oxaloacetate.
- Oxaloacetic acid is converted to malic acid by the action of Mdh.
- Malic acid is converted into malyl-CoA (malic acid CoA) by the action of Mtk.
- Malyl CoA malic acid CoA
- Glyoxylic acid is converted to 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid by the action of Gcl.
- 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid is converted to glyceric acid by the action of GlxR, or converted to hydroxypyruvic acid by the action of Hyi and then converted to glyceric acid by the action of YcdW. .
- Glyceric acid is converted to 2-phosphoglyceric acid by the action of GarK, or converted to 3-phosphoglyceric acid by the action of GlxK and then converted to 2-phosphoglyceric acid by the action of Gpm.
- the 2-Phosphoglyceric acid is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by the action of Eno. When Pyk and Pyc are included in the circuit, phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate by the action of Pyk.
- the microorganism according to the second aspect of the present invention is the microorganism (A2), (b2), (c2), (c2), (d2), and (e2). ) And (d2) are not imparted, or malate thiokinase and one of the above (a2), (b2), (c2) and (d2) are imparted without exerting their functions.
- a microorganism of the genus Aspergillus or Capriavidas obtained by imparting at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of malyl-CoA lyase.
- (A2), (b2), (c2), (d2) and (e2) are respectively the same as (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) in the first invention. It is synonymous.
- a microorganism having a pathway via glycine (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “glycine pathway”) will be described.
- the microorganism has at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of a glycine transaminase and a glycine cleavage system.
- the glycine pathway will be described with reference to FIG.
- the glycine pathway comprises at least one enzyme reaction selected from the group consisting of: (a3) and (b3) below; and (c3), (d3), (e3), ( f3) and (g3), the following (h3) enzymatic reaction, the following (i3), (j3), (k3) and (n3) enzymatic reactions, and the following (i3), (j3), ( l3), at least one selected from the group consisting of (m3) and (n3) enzyme reactions.
- A3 Enzymatic reaction from phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate.
- B3 Enzymatic reaction from pyruvic acid to oxaloacetic acid.
- C3 Enzymatic reaction from oxaloacetic acid to malic acid.
- D3 Enzymatic reaction from malic acid to malyl CoA.
- E3 Enzymatic reaction from malyl CoA to glyoxylic acid and acetyl CoA.
- F3 Enzymatic reaction from glyoxylic acid to glycine.
- G3 Enzymatic reaction from glycine to serine.
- H3 Enzymatic reaction from serine to pyruvate.
- I3) Enzymatic reaction from serine to 3-hydroxypyruvic acid.
- J3 Enzymatic reaction from 3-hydroxypyruvic acid to glyceric acid.
- K3 Enzymatic reaction from glyceric acid to 2-phosphoglyceric acid.
- L3 Enzymatic reaction from glyceric acid to 3-phosphoglyceric acid.
- M3 Enzymatic reaction from 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate.
- N3 Enzymatic reaction from 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate.
- Examples of (a3) include an enzyme reaction through any of a reaction with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, a reaction with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and a reaction with pyruvate kinase and pyruvate carboxylase.
- Examples of (b3) include an enzyme reaction via pyruvate carboxylase.
- Examples of (c3) include an enzymatic reaction via malate dehydrogenase.
- Examples of (d3) include an enzyme reaction via malate thiokinase.
- Examples of (e3) include an enzyme reaction via malyl CoA lyase.
- Examples of (f3) include an enzyme reaction via glycine transaminase.
- Examples of (g3) include an enzyme reaction via a glycine cleavage system and serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
- Examples of (h3) include an enzyme reaction via serine dehydratase.
- Examples of (i3) include an enzyme reaction via serine transaminase.
- Examples of (j3) include an enzyme reaction via hydroxypyruvate reductase.
- Examples of (k3) include an enzymatic reaction via glycerate 2-kinase.
- Examples of (l3) include an enzyme reaction via glycerate 3-kinase.
- Examples of (m3) include an enzyme reaction via phosphoglycerate mutase.
- Examples of (n3) include an enzyme reaction via enolase.
- the conversion from serine to pyruvate is an enzyme reaction that converts directly from serine (the reaction of (h3) above) or an enzyme reaction that converts via 3-hydroxypyruvic acid (above (i3)). And any reaction including downstream thereof).
- the conversion from serine to pyruvic acid is an enzymatic reaction that converts via 3-hydroxypyruvic acid (the reaction including (i3) and its downstream)
- the conversion from glyceric acid to 2-phosphoglyceric acid is Either an enzymatic reaction directly converting from glyceric acid (reaction (k3) above) or an enzymatic reaction converting via 3-phosphoglyceric acid (reaction containing (l3) and (m3) above) But you can.
- One preferred embodiment of the microorganism according to the second invention is at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of the following (a4) and (b4), and the following (c4), (d4), (e4), (f4) And the enzyme of (g4), the enzyme of the following (h4), the enzymes of the following (i4), (j4), (k4) and (n4), and the following (i4), (j4), (l4), (m4) And at least one selected from the group consisting of (n4) enzymes.
- (A4) At least one selected from the group consisting of pyruvate kinase and pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.
- (B4) Pyruvate carboxylase.
- C4) Malate dehydrogenase.
- D4) Malate thiokinase.
- E4) Malyl CoA lyase.
- F4 Glycine transaminase.
- G4 Glycine cleavage system and serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
- H4 Serine dehydratase.
- I4) Serine transaminase.
- K4) Glyceric acid 2-kinase.
- M4) Phosphoglycerate mutase.
- Pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Ppc) belong to a highly active class of carbonic acid-fixing enzymes.
- the specific activity of RubisCO used in photosynthesis of plants and the like is about 3 to 20 U / mg (Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1999; 274 (8): 5078-5082, Salvucci M. E.
- pyruvate carboxylase or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase has been reported to be 30 U / mg in Escherichia coli and 100-150 U / mg at the highest (Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1972; 247 (18) :) 5785-5792, Bioscience, 579Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 1995; 59 (1): 140-142, Biochimica) et Biophysica Acta, 2000; 1475 (3): 191-206).
- the circuit of FIG. 1 and the glycine pathway of FIG. 2 do not contain an enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA. Therefore, the circuit of FIG. 1 and the glycine pathway of FIG. 2 can be said to be ideal circuits for fixing CO 2 and converting it to acetyl CoA.
- the enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA refers to an enzyme that converts acetyl CoA into another substance using acetyl CoA as a substrate, and examples thereof include acetyl CoA carboxylase and pyruvate synthase.
- Not having an enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA in the circuit means that the enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA is not a closed circuit in which acetyl CoA returns to acetyl CoA again through the circuit. Point to.
- the substance converted by the enzyme that consumes acetyl CoA is converted into another product without returning to acetyl CoA (for example, when converted to glutamic acid as the final product in the glutamic acid production pathway)
- a closed circuit refers to a circuit that starts with any material on the circuit, is converted to another material through the circuit, and finally is converted to the same material as the first.
- Acetyl CoA carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 6.4.1.2 and refers to a generic term for enzymes that convert acetyl CoA and CO 2 to malonyl CoA.
- Pyruvate synthase is classified into enzyme number 1.2.7.1 and refers to a general term for enzymes that convert acetyl CoA to pyruvate.
- malate dehydrogenase Mdh
- 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase GlxR
- hydroxypyruvate reductase YcdW
- Malate thiokinase Mtk
- GarK glycerate 2-kinase
- GlxK glycerate 3-kinase
- Pyc pyruvate carboxylase
- NADH or NADPH
- glyoxylic acid When glyoxylic acid is converted to glycine, it has a reducing power equivalent to one NADH (or NADPH) directly by glycine dehydrogenase or indirectly by aminotransferase such as glyoxylate aminotransferase via other amino acids.
- the glycine cleavage system consumes NAD + (or NADP + ) and converts it to NADH (or NADPH).
- NAD + When serine is converted to 3-hydroxypyruvic acid, NAD + (or NADP + ) is consumed directly by serine dehydrogenase or indirectly by other amino acids by aminotransferases such as serine aminotransferase. , NADH (or NADPH).
- Malate thiokinase (Mtk), glycerate 2-kinase (GarK), glycerate 3-kinase (GlxK) and pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc) consume ATP. When ammonia is taken into the metabolic system, ATP may be consumed. Pyruvate kinase (Pyk) produces ATP. Therefore, the balance of the pathway of FIG.
- Table 1 shows a balance equation of a route for consuming oxygen during fermentation in the fermentation route using acetyl CoA as an intermediate.
- a reduced coenzyme such as NADH is produced on the fermentation pathway and is returned to the oxidized coenzyme by the action of oxygen. Therefore, if the reduced coenzyme produced can be consumed by the circuit of FIG. 1 and the glycine pathway of FIG. 2 instead of oxygen, the reducing power produced during fermentation can be effectively utilized in the acetyl-CoA production circuit, and CO It is expected that 2 can be fixed and converted into a product.
- the reduced coenzyme is a coenzyme involved in oxidation / reduction such as NADH, NADPH, FADH 2 , FMNH 2 , and reduced quinone coenzyme, and refers to a coenzyme in a reduced state.
- the reduced coenzyme is preferably NADH or NADPH, more preferably NADH.
- the oxidized coenzyme is an oxidized form of a reduced coenzyme, such as NAD + , NADP + , FAD, FMN, oxidized quinone coenzyme, etc., preferably NAD + or NADP + , more preferably NAD Point to + .
- a reducing power may be applied by adding a substance capable of producing the reducing power or applying energy from the outside.
- a substance with a high degree of reduction for example, hydrogen, sulfite, alcohols, paraffin
- supplying reducing energy directly by electroculture for example, hydrogen, sulfite, alcohols, paraffin
- supplying reducing energy directly by electroculture for example, supplying reducing power by photochemical reaction of living organisms, etc. Is mentioned.
- the reducing power can be replenished from the outside, it is possible to drive the carbonic acid fixation pathway of the present invention even in the case of fermentation where reduced coenzyme is generated as shown in Table 1.
- Pyruvate kinase is classified as an enzyme number 2.7.1.40 and refers to a generic name of enzymes that generate pyruvate and ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding pyruvate kinase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Pyruvate carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 6.4.1.1 and refers to a general term for enzymes that convert pyruvate and carbon dioxide into oxaloacetate. During the reaction, ATP is consumed and ADP and phosphoric acid are produced. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Mycobacterium bacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis.
- DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding pyruvate carboxylase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a genus Corynebacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, and a genus Mycobacterium such as Mycobacterium smegmatis. .
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.1.13 and refers to a general term for enzymes that convert phosphoenolpyruvate and carbon dioxide into oxaloacetate and phosphate.
- Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, Hyphomicrobium methylovorum and Hyphomicrobium genus such as Hyphomicrobium methylovorum Derived from bacteria, Starkeya novella and other Starkella bacteria, Rhodopseudomonas sp.
- Streptomyces coelicolor and other Streptomyces genus bacteria Things are examples of Streptomyces coelicolor and other Streptomyces genus bacteria Things.
- the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene is a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence May be used.
- Preferred examples include corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, and hyphomicrobium methylovorum.
- Examples thereof include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from bacteria.
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.1.32, enzyme number 4.1.1.38, enzyme number 4.1.1.49, and phosphoenolpyruvate and A generic term for enzymes that convert carbon dioxide into oxaloacetate.
- enzyme number 4.1.1.32 is a reaction for converting GDP to GTP
- enzyme number 4.1.1.38 is a reaction for converting phosphate to pyrophosphate
- enzyme number 4.1.1.49. Is accompanied by a reaction to convert ADP to ATP.
- a bacterium belonging to the genus Actinobacillus such as Actinobacillus succinogenes
- a bacterium belonging to the genus Mycobacterium such as Mycobacterium ⁇ smegmatis
- the genus Trypanosoma ⁇ brucei The thing of origin is mentioned.
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthesis synthesized based on the known base sequence A DNA sequence may be used.
- Suitable examples include Actinobacillus bacteria such as Actinobacillus succinogenes, Mycobacterium bacteria such as Mycobacterium smegmatis, Trypanosoma brucei, and Trypanosoma brucei. Examples are those derived from Trypanosoma bacteria.
- Malate dehydrogenase is a general term for enzymes that are classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.37 and use NADH as a coenzyme to produce malate from oxaloacetate. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
- malate dehydrogenase gene (mdh) DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding malate dehydrogenase obtained from the above-mentioned micro tax, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. It's okay.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Malate thiokinase is classified into enzyme number 6.2.1.9, and refers to a generic name of enzymes that combine malic acid and CoA to convert to malyl CoA. During the reaction, one molecule of ATP is consumed and one molecule of ADP and phosphoric acid are produced.
- This enzyme is composed of a large subunit of about 400 amino acids and a 300 amino acid small subunit. On genes, they usually exist in the order of large subunit, small subunit. In this specification, for convenience, the large subunit is referred to as mtkB and the small subunit is referred to as mtkA.
- mtkB the large subunit
- mtkA As the specific activity of this enzyme, an example of 2.5 U / mg for a purified enzyme has been reported (Analytical Biochemistry, 1995; 227 (2): 363-367).
- Malate thiokinase is mainly utilized in the utilization pathway of C1 carbon sources such as methane (Journal of Bacteriology, 1994; 176 (23): 7398-7404) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid pathway (Archives of Microbiology, 1989; 151: 252-256).
- C1 carbon sources such as methane (Journal of Bacteriology, 1994; 176 (23): 7398-7404) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid pathway (Archives of Microbiology, 1989; 151: 252-256).
- C1 carbon sources such as methane (Journal of Bacteriology, 1994; 176 (23): 7398-7404) and 3-hydroxypropionic acid pathway (Archives of Microbiology, 1989; 151: 252-256).
- malyl-CoA lyase gene in the vicinity of the malate thiokinase gene, and the malate thiokinase gene present in such a manner is preferable.
- Malate thiokinase is derived from a genus Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium extorquens (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2), or a granule such as Granulibacter bethesdensis. Origin of Bacterium (SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4), Hyphomicrobiumbmethylovorum (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6), Hyphomicrobium ⁇ denitrificans (SEQ ID NO: 7) Derived from the genus Hyphomicrobium such as SEQ ID NO: 8), Rhizobium sp. NGR234, etc.
- a genus Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium extorquens (SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2), or a granule such as Granulibacter bethesdensis. Origin of Bacterium (SEQ ID NO: 3 and S
- Genus origin SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: No. 12
- those derived from the genus Methylococcus such as Methylococcus capsulatus
- SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 16 those derived from the gamma proteobacteria
- Hyphomicrobium From the genus Hyphomicrobium (SEQ ID NO: 5 and SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8), from Rhizobium (SEQ ID NO: 9 and SEQ ID NO: 10), and from the genus Nitrosomonas (SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 12) ) Have 65% to 80% homology with each other.
- Malate thiokinase SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14
- derived from the genus Methylococcus has 70% to 80% homology with malate thiokinase (SEQ ID NO: 15 and SEQ ID NO: 16) derived from gamma proteobacteria.
- the protein having malate thiokinase activity can be suitably used for the production of useful substances derived from acetyl CoA and acetyl CoA.
- malate thiokinase gene DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding malate thiokinase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include those derived from the genus Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium Extorcus (SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18), Hyphomicrobium methyloborum, Hyphomicrobium denitrificans, etc. Hyphomicrobium genus, Rhizobium sp.
- Rhizobium genus Rhizobium genus
- Granulibacter genus such as Bethesdensis
- Nitrosomonas genus such as Nitrosomonas europia
- Methylococcus examples thereof include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from the gamma proteobacteria world.
- acetyl-CoA preferably, from the genus Hyphomicrobium (SEQ ID NO: 19 and SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22), from Rhizobium (eg, codon-optimized, SEQ ID NO: 23), derived from the genus Granuribacter (SEQ ID NO: 24 and SEQ ID NO: 25), derived from the genus Nitrosomonas (SEQ ID NO: 26 and SEQ ID NO: 27), derived from the genus Methylococcus (SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29), derived from the gamma proteobacterial kingdom Examples thereof include DNA having the base sequence of the gene (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 31).
- Hyphomicrobium SEQ ID NO: 19 and SEQ ID NO: 20, SEQ ID NO: 21 and SEQ ID NO: 22
- Rhizobium for example, codon-optimized, SEQ ID NO: 23
- Nitrosomonas examples include DNAs having the base sequences of genes of SEQ ID NO: 26 and SEQ ID NO: 27), Methylococcus genus (SEQ ID NO: 28 and SEQ ID NO: 29), and gamma proteobacteria (SEQ ID NO: 30 and SEQ ID NO: 31).
- methane-utilizing bacteria such as Methylobacterum extorcens are microorganisms that inherently contain malate thiokinase and malyl CoA lyase.
- the vector system suitable for methane-utilizing bacteria and the technology for modifying the genome gene of methane-utilizing bacteria have not been developed, compared to industrially used microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium, Genetic manipulation is difficult.
- methane-utilizing bacteria often grow slowly. Therefore, methane-utilizing bacteria are not suitable for producing useful metabolites.
- Malyl CoA lyase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.3.24 and refers to an enzyme that produces glyoxylic acid and acetyl CoA from malyl CoA.
- Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium extorquens
- Hyphomicrobium such as Hyphomicrobium methyloborum
- Hyphomicrobium denitrichicans Chloroflexus aurantix And those derived from the genus Methylococcus such as Methylococcus capsulatas and the like.
- specific activity of malyl-CoA lyase there is a report of 28.1 U / mg as a purified enzyme in Methylobacterium extroxen (Biochemical Journal, 1974; 139 (2): 399-405).
- the malyl CoA lyase from the viewpoint of the production efficiency of acetyl CoA, particularly preferably, from the genus Methylobacterium (SEQ ID NO: 32) from the genus Hyphomicrobium (SEQ ID NO: 33 and SEQ ID NO: 34), from the genus Nitrosomonas ( SEQ ID NO: 35) and enzymes having amino acid sequences derived from the genus Methylococcus (SEQ ID NO: 36) are exemplified.
- DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding malyl CoA lyase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include those derived from the genus Methylobacterium such as Methylobacterium Extorcence, those derived from the genus Hyphomicrobium such as Hyphomicrobium methyloborum, Hyhomicrobium denitrichicans, and Chloroflexus.
- the DNA which has the base sequence of the gene derived from chloroflexus genus, such as Aurantax, is illustrated. From the viewpoint of the production efficiency of acetyl CoA, particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from the genus Methylobacteria and from the genus Hyphomicrobium.
- Examples of particularly preferred base sequences include, as an example derived from the genus Methylobacteria, the base sequence of a gene derived from Methylobacterium extremens (SEQ ID NO: 37), and as an example derived from the genus Hyphomicrobium, hyphomicrobium.
- the base sequence of the gene derived from methyloboram (SEQ ID NO: 38), the base sequence of the gene derived from Hyphomicrobium denitrificans (SEQ ID NO: 39), the base sequence of the gene derived from Nitrosomonas europia as an example derived from the genus Nitrosomonas ( SEQ ID NO: 40), an example derived from the genus Methylococcus is the base sequence of a gene derived from Methylococcus capsuleatus (SEQ ID NO: 41).
- Glyoxylate carboligase is classified under the enzyme number 4.1.1.47 and refers to a general term for enzymes that convert two molecules of glyoxylic acid into one molecule of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid.
- the reaction involves decarboxylation of one molecule of carbon dioxide. Examples thereof include those derived from Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Rhodococcus bacteria such as Rhodococcus josti.
- glyoxylate carboligase gene (gcl) DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding glyoxylate carboligase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. It's okay.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a genus Rhodococcus such as Rhodococcus josti or a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli.
- GlxR 2-Hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid reductase
- enzyme number 1.1.1.60 uses NADH as a coenzyme to convert 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid to glyceric acid It refers to the generic name of enzymes. Examples thereof include those derived from Rhodococcus bacteria such as Rhodococcus josti and Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
- the 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase gene is a DNA having the base sequence of a gene encoding 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a known base thereof A synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a genus Rhodococcus such as Rhodococcus josti or a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli.
- Hydroxypyruvate isomerase is a general term for enzymes that are classified into enzyme number 5.3.1.22 and isomerize 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionic acid to hydroxypyruvic acid. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- hydroxypyruvate isomerase gene (hyi) DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding hydroxypyruvate isomerase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. It's okay.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Hydroxypyruvate reductase is classified into the enzyme number 1.1.1.1.81, and refers to a general term for enzymes that convert hydroxypyruvic acid to glyceric acid using NADH or NADPH as a coenzyme. Examples thereof include those derived from Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- a gene (ycdW) of hydroxypyruvate reductase DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding hydroxypyruvate reductase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. It's okay.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Escherichia coli and the genus Pantoea such as Pantoea ananatis.
- Glyceric acid 2-kinase (GarK) is classified into enzyme number 2.7.1.165 and refers to a general term for enzymes that convert glyceric acid into 2-phosphoglyceric acid.
- One molecule of ATP is consumed and one molecule of ADP and phosphoric acid are produced.
- Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the glycerate 2-kinase gene includes a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding glycerate 2-kinase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence May be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Glycerate 3-kinase is a generic term for enzymes that are classified into enzyme number 2.7.1.31 and convert glycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate.
- One molecule of ATP is consumed and one molecule of ADP and phosphoric acid are produced.
- Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- the glycerate 3-kinase gene includes a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding glycerate 3-kinase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence May be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Phosphoglycerate mutase is classified as enzyme number 5.4.2.1, and is a generic term for enzymes that convert 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding phosphoglycerate mutase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. It's okay.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Enolase is a generic term for enzymes that are classified into enzyme number 4.2.1.11 and convert 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding enolase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Glycine transaminase refers to an enzyme that transfers an amino group from a compound having an amino group (secondary amine or primary amine) to glyoxylic acid and converts it to glycine.
- enzymes classified into the enzyme number 2.6.1 group enzymes using glyoxylic acid as a substrate can be mentioned.
- 2.6.1. *; * 4, 35, 44, 45, 60, 63 and 73.
- Glycine transaminase examples thereof include those derived from the genus Methylococcus such as Methylococcuscapsulatus, the genus Aspergillus such as Aspergillus niger, and the genus Capriavidas such as Capriavidas necatol.
- Glycine transaminase may also have the activity of serine transaminase described below.
- glycine dehydrogenase (Gdh) is also considered to be included in glycine transaminase.
- glycine transaminase gene DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding glycine transaminase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include those derived from the genus Methylococcus such as Methylococcuscapsulatus, Aspergillus genus such as Aspergillus niger, and Capriavidas genus such as Capriavidas necatol.
- the gene for glycine dehydrogenase is also considered to be included in the gene for glycine transaminase.
- glycine dehydrogenase gene a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding glycine dehydrogenase obtained from the aforementioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Glycine cleavage system refers glycine, tetrahydrofolate, and NAD +, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a generic term for a series of enzymes that convert into NH 3, CO 2 and NADH. It is composed of proteins called H-protein, P-protein, L-protein, and T-protein (Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 1973; 1 (2): 169-187). P-protein, L-protein and T-protein are classified into enzyme numbers 1.4.4.2, 1.8.1.4 and 2.2.1.10.
- Examples include those derived from Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, Aspergillus bacteria such as Aspergillus niger, and Capriavidas bacteria such as Capriavidas necatol.
- the glycine cleavage gene group includes a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding a glycine cleavage system enzyme group obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence May be used.
- Preferred examples include a base sequence of a gene derived from an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis, an Aspergillus bacterium such as Aspergillus niger, or a Capriavidas bacterium such as Capriavidas necatol. DNA is exemplified.
- the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid produced in the glycine cleavage system reacts with new glycine by the action of serine hydroxymethyltransferase and is converted to serine. That is, two glycine molecules and NAD + are converted into serine, NH 3 , CO 2 and NADH by the action of the glycine cleavage system and serine hydroxymethyltransferase.
- Serine hydroxymethyltransferase is classified into enzyme number 2.1.2.1, and is a general term for enzymes that produce serine and tetrahydrofolate from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and glycine. Examples thereof include those derived from Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, and Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis.
- DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. It's okay.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Corynebacterium bacterium such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli, or a Pantoea bacterium such as Pantoea ananatis. .
- Serine dehydratase is classified into enzyme number 4.3.1.17 and refers to a general term for enzymes that produce pyruvic acid and ammonia from serine. The same activity may be reported for the enzyme with enzyme number 4.3.1.19.
- Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, Aspergillus bacteria such as Aspergillus niger, Capriavidas bacteria such as Capriavidas necatol
- Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum
- Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli
- Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis
- Aspergillus bacteria such as Aspergillus niger
- Capriavidas bacteria such as Capriavidas necatol The thing derived from is mentioned.
- DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding serine dehydratase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferred examples include Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, Aspergillus bacteria such as Aspergillus niger, Capriavidas necatol, etc.
- Serine transaminase refers to an enzyme that transfers amino group from serine to a compound having carbonyl group (keto group or aldehyde group) to convert it into 3-hydroxypyruvic acid.
- a compound having carbonyl group keto group or aldehyde group
- Serine transaminase refers to an enzyme that transfers amino group from serine to a compound having carbonyl group (keto group or aldehyde group) to convert it into 3-hydroxypyruvic acid.
- enzymes classified in the enzyme number 2.6.1 group enzymes using serine as a substrate can be mentioned. Examples include 2.6.1.51 and 2.6.1.45, but similar activities are reported in the enzyme groups 2.6.1.44 and 2.6.1.35. May have been. It may also have the above-mentioned glycine transaminase activity.
- serine 2-dehydrogenase is also considered to be included in serine transaminase.
- serine transaminase gene DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding serine transaminase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include those derived from the genus Methylococcus such as Methylococcuscapsulatus, Aspergillus genus such as Aspergillus niger, and Capriavidas genus such as Capriavidas necatol.
- the serine 2-dehydrogenase gene is also considered to be included in the serine transaminase gene.
- Serine 2-dehydrogenase (Sdh) is classified into enzyme number 1.4.1.7, and is a generic term for enzymes that produce 3-hydroxypyruvic acid and ammonia from serine. For example, the thing derived from plants, such as Petro serinum crispam (parsley), is mentioned.
- serine 2-dehydrogenase gene DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding serine 2-dehydrogenase obtained from the above-mentioned organism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. It's okay.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a plant such as Petrocerinum crispam (parsley).
- an enzyme that is not retained may be imparted to a microorganism that does not form the circuit of FIG.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia for example, Escherichia coli does not have malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glycine transaminase, and therefore, at least malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glycine transaminase may be added.
- Pantoea bacteria such as Pantoea ananatis, do not have malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glycine transaminase. Therefore, at least malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, and glycine transaminase may be added.
- Corynebacterium glutamicum does not possess malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, and hydroxypyruvate reductase, At least malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase and / or hydroxypyruvate reductase may be added.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to the first invention includes pyruvate kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, malate thiokinase, malyl CoA lyase, glyoxylate carboligase, At least one selected from the group consisting of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase, hydroxypyruvate isomerase, hydroxypyruvate reductase, glycerate 2-kinase, glycerate 3-kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase and enolase It is preferred that the enzyme activity is enhanced. Thereby, acetyl CoA can be produced more efficiently.
- acetyl-CoA producing microorganism it is preferable that at least one enzyme activity selected from the group consisting of malate enzyme and fumarate reductase is inactivated or reduced. Thereby, acetyl CoA can be produced more efficiently.
- Malate enzyme is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.18, enzyme number 1.1.1.19, enzyme number 1.1.1.10 and converts malic acid into pyruvic acid and carbon dioxide.
- a generic term for enzymes From the viewpoint of acetyl CoA production efficiency, it is preferable to inactivate or reduce the activity of malic enzyme.
- Fumarate reductase is classified as enzyme number 1.3.99.1 and refers to a generic name for enzymes that convert fumarate into succinate.
- succinate dehydrogenase belonging to enzyme number 1.3.99.1 may have fumarate reductase activity that converts fumaric acid to succinic acid. Therefore, in the present invention, succinate dehydrogenase having fumarate reductase activity is also included in fumarate reductase. From the viewpoint of acetyl CoA production efficiency, it is preferable to inactivate or reduce the fumarate reductase activity. Thereby, malic acid can be suppressed to fumaric acid and succinic acid and the amount of malic acid is reduced, leading to an improvement in the yield of acetyl CoA.
- the malate enzyme gene (mostly, but not limited to, sfcA, maeA, maeB or malE) may have multiple isomers in the genome depending on the microorganism. .
- Pantoea Ananatis has sfcA and maeB.
- Corynebacterium glutamicum has malE.
- the fumarate reductase gene (frd, sdh, yqiG, etc.) may have multiple isomers in the genome depending on the microorganism. Pantoea Ananatis owns yqiG. Corynebacterium glutamicum has sdh.
- microorganism used as a host in the first invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not have any of the following (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e).
- a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid (B) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvic acid. (C) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA. (D) A carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzymatic reaction from CO 2 to formic acid. (E) At least one selected from the group consisting of malate thiokinase and malyl-CoA lyase.
- FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2011/099006. 1 is a circuit in which acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, propionyl CoA, malic acid, and malyl CoA.
- FIG. 4A A circuit shown in 4A, in which acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, malonic acid semialdehyde, ⁇ -alanine, malic acid, malyl CoA.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit in which acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, malonic acid semialdehyde or hydroxypropionic acid, pyruvic acid, malic acid, malyl CoA.
- FIG. Of International Publication No. 2011/099006. A circuit shown in 9A, 9B, or 9C, in which acetyl CoA is converted back to acetyl CoA via malonyl CoA, hydroxypropionic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, and malyl CoA.
- FIG. of International Publication No. 2011/099006. 17 is a circuit in which acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again via malonyl CoA, malonic acid semialdehyde or hydroxypropionic acid, methylmalonyl CoA, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, malic acid, malyl CoA.
- the carbonic acid fixing circuit of (1) to (7) above has an enzyme reaction from malonyl CoA to malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid. These reactions are catalyzed by malonic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase or malonyl-CoA reductase (WO 2011/099006). Such reduction reaction of carboxylic acid or its (thio) ester, such as reduction of succinyl CoA and malonyl CoA, is generally difficult as an enzyme reaction, and it is desirable to avoid it as much as possible as a fermentation route. (Nature, 2008; 451: 86-89, Nature Chemical Biolory, 2011; 7: 445-452).
- FIG. Of International Publication No. 2011/099006. 1 is a circuit in which acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again via pyruvic acid, phosphoenolpyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid, malic acid, and malyl CoA.
- FIG. 7C, 7D, or 7E A circuit shown in 7C, 7D, or 7E in which acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again via pyruvic acid, malic acid, and malyl CoA.
- FIG. Of International Publication No. 2011/099006. A circuit shown in 9M, in which acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again via pyruvic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, and malyl CoA.
- the carbonic acid fixing circuits of (8) to (10) have an enzyme reaction from acetyl CoA and CO 2 to pyruvic acid in common. It is pyruvate synthase that catalyzes this reaction (WO 2011/099006).
- the synthesis reaction of pyruvic acid by pyruvate synthase requires a strong reducing power via ferredoxin, and the reaction is slow, and since it is weak against oxygen, the reaction does not proceed under extreme anaerobic conditions.
- (c) a carbonic acid fixation circuit having an enzyme reaction from crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA refers to FIG. 1 of WO2011 / 099006.
- the circuit shown in 9H or 9J indicates that acetyl CoA is converted to acetyl CoA again through crotonyl CoA, ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA, oxaloacetate, malic acid, malyl CoA.
- Crotonyl CoA carboxylase-reductase or methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase catalyzes the conversion of crotonyl CoA and CO 2 to ethylmalonyl CoA or glutaconyl CoA.
- Crotonyl CoA carboxylase-reductase has a high Km for carbonate (14 mM. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007; 104 (25): 10631-10636) and is expected to be active at low concentrations. Absent.
- the substrate crotonyl-CoA is produced from 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA by dehydration.
- Malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase is classified into enzyme number 1.2.1.18 and refers to a generic term for enzymes that convert malonyl CoA to malonate semialdehyde.
- Malonyl CoA reductase is a generic term for enzymes that convert malonyl CoA into malonic acid semialdehyde or 3-hydroxypropionic acid.
- Pyruvate synthase is classified into enzyme number 1.2.7.1 and refers to a general term for enzymes that convert acetyl CoA to pyruvate.
- Crotonyl CoA carboxylase-reductase is classified under the enzyme number 1.3.1.85 and refers to the generic name of enzymes that convert crotonyl CoA to ethylmalonyl CoA.
- Methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase is classified into enzyme number 6.4.1.4, and refers to the generic name of enzymes that convert crotonyl CoA to glutaconyl CoA.
- microorganisms not having any of (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) include, for example, microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, microorganisms belonging to coryneform bacteria, and filamentous fungi And actinomycetes.
- microorganisms belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae include bacteria belonging to the genus Enterobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Providencia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Morganella, and the like. Among these, bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia or Pantoea are preferable from the viewpoint that useful metabolites can be efficiently produced. Escherichia and Pantoea are very closely related (Journal of General and Applied Microbiology, 1997; 43 (6): 355-361, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1997; 47 (4): 1061-1067 ).
- the Escherichia bacterium is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Escherichia coli (E. coli). Specific examples of Escherichia coli include prototype wild-type B strain Escherichia coli B (ATCC 11303), prototype wild-type K12 strain-derived Escherichia coli W3110 (ATCC 27325), Escherichia coli MG1655 (ATCC 47076) and the like. Can be mentioned.
- Pantoea Ananatis AJ13355 (FERM BP-6614) (European Patent Application Publication No. 0952211)
- Pantoea Ananatis AJ13356 (FERM BP-6615)
- These strains are described as Enterobacter agglomerans in European Patent Application Publication No. 0952211, but as described above, these strains have been reclassified into Pantoea ananatis by 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis as described above. Yes.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Enterobacter have been reclassified as Pantoea agglomerans or Pantoea dispersa (International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1989; 39 (3): 337-345).
- Some bacteria belonging to the genus Ervinia have been reclassified as Pantoea Ananas and Pantoea Stuarti (International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 1993; 43 (1): 162-173).
- Enterobacter bacteria examples include Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter aerogenes, and the like. Specifically, the strains exemplified in European Patent Application Publication No. 952221 can be used. A representative strain of the genus Enterobacter is Enterobacter agglomerans ATCC 12287.
- Coryneform bacteria refer to the genus Corynebacterium, Brevibacterium, or Microbacterium as defined in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed., P599 (1974). It refers to the microorganisms to which it belongs. In addition, microorganisms (Classic Bacteriology, 1991; 41 (2): 255-260) that have been classified as Brevibacterium but later reclassified as Corynebacterium, and related bacteria A microorganism belonging to a certain genus Brevibacterium is also mentioned. Examples of coryneform bacteria are listed below.
- Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum ATCC 13870 Corynebacterium acetoglutamicum ATCC 15806, Corynebacterium alkanolyticum ATCC 21511, Corynebacterium carnae ATCC 15991, Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13020, 13032, 13060, Corynebacterium Lilium ATCC 15990, Corynebacterium merasecola ATCC 17965, Corynebacterium thermoaminogenes AJ12340 (FERM BP-1539), Corynebacterium herculis ATCC 13868, Brevibacterium divalicatam ATCC 14020, Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 13826, ATCC 14067A, ATCC 14067A 8 (FERM BP-2205), Brevibacterium immophilophilum ATCC 14068, Brevibacterium lactofermentum (Corynebacterium
- Aspergillus or Capriavidas that does not have any of the above (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) is used as a host.
- the genus Aspergillus include Aspergillus niger (including varieties such as Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus kawachii), Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus itaconicus and the like.
- the genus Capriavidas include Capriavidus necator (also known as Alcaligenes eutropha, Ralstonia tro eutropha, and Wautersia eutropha).
- citric acid When producing citric acid using the second invention, it is preferable to use Aspergillus spp. Such as Aspergillus niger. When producing itaconic acid, it is preferable to use Aspergillus genus bacteria such as Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus itaconicus. When producing (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid, it is preferable to use Capriavidas bacteria such as Capriavidas and Necatol.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to the present invention may have various pathways for producing metabolites using acetyl-CoA as an intermediate, or may have enhanced enzyme activity related to the pathway.
- Examples of the route include a route for producing isopropyl alcohol, a route for producing acetone, and a route for producing glutamic acid.
- microorganisms having these pathways and capable of producing useful metabolites derived from acetyl CoA will be described.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to the present invention which has an isopropyl alcohol production pathway, is obtained by, for example, constructing the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism of the present invention using a microorganism having an isopropyl alcohol production pathway as a host, or In the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism of the present invention, the microorganism is obtained by adding or enhancing an enzyme gene related to the isopropyl alcohol production pathway.
- microorganism having an isopropyl alcohol production pathway may be referred to as “isopropyl alcohol-producing microorganism”, and Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production pathway may be referred to as “isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli”.
- Isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli is an Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production pathway, and means an Escherichia coli having isopropyl alcohol production ability introduced by a gene recombination technique.
- Such an isopropyl alcohol production route is not particularly limited as long as the target Escherichia coli produces isopropyl alcohol.
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli is preferably imparted or enhanced with four types of enzyme activities: thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, acetoacetate decarboxylase activity, and isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
- a microorganism having thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, and acetoacetate decarboxylase activity in the isopropyl alcohol production pathway can be used.
- the microorganism does not have isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the sopropyl alcohol production pathway.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism of the present invention is a microorganism constructed using an Escherichia bacterium as a host
- the following embodiments are preferred.
- An example of a preferred embodiment is an acetyl-CoA producing microorganism in which a thiolase activity, a CoA transferase activity, an acetoacetate decarboxylase activity, and an isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity are imparted or enhanced to a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia. Isopropyl alcohol is efficiently produced by the microorganism.
- Another example of a preferred embodiment is an acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism in which Escherichia bacteria are imparted or enhanced with thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, and acetoacetate decarboxylase activity. Acetone is efficiently produced by the microorganism.
- Thiolase is classified as enzyme number 2.3.1.9 and refers to a generic name of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of producing acetoacetyl CoA from acetyl CoA.
- Genus Candida Genus Candida, Caulobacter crescentus and other Streptomyces collinus, Streptomyces bacterium, Enterococcus faka Scan those derived from (Enterococcus faecalis) Enterococcus bacteria, and the like.
- thiolase gene DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding thiolase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beigerinki, Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Halobacteria species, Zogroa bacteria such as Zugroa lamigera, Rhizobium species, Brady Bradyrizobium bacteria such as Rhizobium japonica, Candida bacteria such as Candida tropicalis, Caulobacter bacteria such as Caulobacter crescentus, Streptomyces genus bacteria such as Streptomyces colinas, Enterococcus faecalis
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Enterococcus bacterium DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Enterococcus bacterium.
- More preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a prokaryotic organism such as a Clostridium bacterium and an Escherichia bacterium, and particularly preferably a base of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli.
- a DNA having a sequence is exemplified.
- CoA transferase is classified into enzyme number 2.8.3.8 and refers to a general term for enzymes that catalyze a reaction for producing acetoacetate from acetoacetyl CoA.
- Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium acetobutylicum
- Clostridium ⁇ ⁇ beijerinckii Clostridium bacteria
- Roseburia intestinalis Roseburia intestinalis
- Roseburia intestinalis such as Roseburia intestinalis (Faecali)
- Examples include those derived from bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia, such as bacteria belonging to the genus Calibacteria, bacteria belonging to the genus Coprococcus, trypanosoma such as Trypanosoma brucei, and Escherichia coli.
- CoA transferase gene DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding CoA transferase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used. Suitable examples include Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum, Roseburia bacteria such as Roseburia intestinalis, Facalibacteria bacteria such as Fakaribacterium plausents, Coprococcus bacteria, Trypanosoma brucei, etc. And DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Trypanosoma and Escherichia coli.
- Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum
- Roseburia bacteria such as Roseburia intestinalis
- Facalibacteria bacteria such as Fakaribacterium plausents
- Coprococcus bacteria Trypanosoma brucei
- More preferable examples include DNA having a nucleotide sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Clostridium or Escherichia, and particularly preferred is a DNA having a nucleotide sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli. Illustrated.
- Acetoacetate decarboxylase is classified into enzyme number 4.1.1.4 and refers to a general term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of producing acetone from acetoacetate. Examples thereof include those derived from Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii, and Bacillus bacteria such as Bacillus polymyxa.
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding acetoacetate decarboxylase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a Clostridium bacterium such as Clostridium acetobutylicum or a Bacillus bacterium such as Bacillus polymixa. Particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
- Isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.180 and refers to a general term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of producing isopropyl alcohol from acetone. Examples thereof include those derived from Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium beijerinckii.
- a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase obtained from the above-mentioned microorganism, or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence may be used.
- Preferable examples include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Clostridium such as Clostridium beigerinki.
- each of the four types of enzymes is preferably derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of Clostridium bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, and Escherichia bacteria, and the thiolase and CoA transferase are Escherichia bacteria. More preferably, the acetoacetate decarboxylase and isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase are derived from a Clostridium bacterium.
- each of the four types of enzymes is preferably derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijurinki and Escherichia coli; More preferably from acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli, acetoacetate decarboxylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Clostridium begerinki; thiolase and CoA transferase are from Escherichia coli, Acetate decarboxylase is derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum and isopropyl alcohol It is further preferred dehydrogenase is derived from Clostridium beijerinckii.
- the CoA transferase gene (atoD and atoA) and the thiolase gene (atoB) derived from E. coli form an operon on the E. coli genome in the order of atoD, atoA, and atoB (Journal of Bacteriology, 1987; 169 (1): 42) -52). Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously control the expression of the CoA transferase gene and the thiolase gene by modifying the atoD promoter.
- the promoter responsible for the expression of both enzyme genes is replaced with another promoter from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient isopropyl alcohol production ability. It is preferable to enhance the expression of both enzyme genes by, for example.
- the promoter used for enhancing the expression of CoA transferase activity and thiolase activity include glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) promoter derived from Escherichia coli.
- GAPDH promoter derived from Escherichia coli is described in base numbers 397 to 440 in the base sequence information of GenBank accession number X02662.
- Examples of the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli include pIPA / B strains and pIaaa / B strains described in International Publication No. 2009/008377, which can produce isopropyl alcohol from plant-derived materials.
- a CoA transferase activity and a thiolase activity enhanced the expression of each gene on the E. coli genome
- an acetoacetate decarboxylase activity and an isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity enhanced the expression by introducing a plasmid (in this specification, pIa / B :: atoDAB strain).
- examples of the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli include microorganisms described in International Publication No. 2009/094485, International Publication No. 2009/094485, International Publication No. 2009/046929, and International Publication No. 2009/046929. .
- Isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli exhibits an enzyme activity pattern in which the activity of the transcriptional repressor GntR is inactivated, and the isopropyl alcohol production pathway and the enzyme activity pattern that maintains or enhances the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol with the inactivation of GntR activity.
- An isopropyl alcohol-producing E. coli provided with an auxiliary enzyme group may be used. Thereby, isopropyl alcohol can be produced at a higher rate.
- the “auxiliary enzyme group” refers to one or more enzymes that affect the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol.
- the auxiliary enzyme group need not be composed of a plurality of enzymes, and may be composed of one enzyme.
- Each enzyme activity of the auxiliary enzyme group is inactivated, activated or enhanced, and the “enzyme activity pattern of the auxiliary enzyme group” in the present invention means an improved isopropyl obtained only by inactivating the GntR activity.
- Alcohol production refers to the enzyme activity pattern of each enzyme that can be maintained or increased, including one or a combination of two or more enzymes.
- Preferred examples of the enzyme activity pattern of the auxiliary enzyme group include the following patterns (i) to (iii). Among these, the following (iii) is more preferable from the viewpoint of the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol.
- Ii Inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Pgi) activity and enhancement of glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (Zwf) activity.
- auxiliary enzyme group and its enzyme activity pattern are not limited to the above, and include an inactivation of GntR activity, and an auxiliary enzyme group and its enzyme activity pattern that can increase the amount of isopropyl alcohol produced in isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli. Both are included in the present invention.
- GntR refers to a transcription factor that negatively regulates the operon involved in gluconate metabolism via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
- GntR refers to a generic term for GntR transcriptional repressors that suppress the action of two gene groups (GntI and GntII) responsible for gluconic acid uptake and metabolism.
- Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Pgi) is classified into enzyme number 5.3.1.9 and catalyzes a reaction for producing D-fructose-6-phosphate from D-glucose-6-phosphate.
- Glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase (Zwf) is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.149, and D-glucose-6-phosphate to D-glucono-1,5-lactone-6-phosphorus
- Dinococcus spp. Such as Dinococcus radiophilus, Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus aculeatus, Acetiiacter hansen, etc.
- Thermotoga maritima and other Thermotoga genus Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus genus, Dictyostelium discoideum Dicchosterium genus Fungi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc., Pseudomonas genus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, etc.
- Examples include those derived from Bacillus bacteria such as Mrs., Bacillus megaterium, and Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli.
- Zwf glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase
- An array may be used.
- Preferred examples include the genus Dinococcus such as Deinococcus radiophilus, the Aspergillus niger, the Aspergillus genus Aspergillus and the like, Acetobacter hanseni hansenii), Thermotoga maritima, Thermotoga, Cryptococus neoformans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Dictyostelium discoideum, etc.
- Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.
- Pseudomonas genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae Examples thereof include DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a genus Saccharomyces such as Bacillus megaterium, a Bacillus genus such as Bacillus megaterium, and an Escherichia bacterium such as Escherichia coli.
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from a prokaryotic organism such as Dinococcus, Aspergillus, Acetobacter, Thermotoga, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Escherichia, etc. Illustrated. Particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Escherichia coli.
- Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.144 and is an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction of producing D-ribulose-5-phosphate and CO 2 from 6-phospho-D-gluconic acid.
- the above-mentioned enzyme activity can be imparted or enhanced by gene introduction into the host, enhancement of the promoter activity of the enzyme gene possessed by the host on the genome, substitution of the promoter with a promoter, or a combination thereof.
- the promoter in isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli means a site where RNA polymerase having a sigma factor binds and initiates transcription.
- the promoter is not particularly limited as long as it can control the expression of the gene, but is preferably a strong promoter that constantly functions in microorganisms and is less susceptible to suppression of expression even in the presence of glucose. Specific examples include GAPDH promoter and serine hydroxymethyltransferase promoter.
- lactate dehydrogenase (LdhA) gene (ldhA) may be disrupted. Thereby, since the production of lactic acid is suppressed even under culture conditions in which oxygen supply is restricted, isopropyl alcohol can be produced efficiently.
- Culture conditions with limited oxygen supply are generally 0.02 vvm to 2.0 vvm (vvm; aeration capacity [mL] / liquid capacity [when liquid is used as the gas to be aerated by stirring the culture medium] mL] / hour [minute]), and a rotation speed of 200 rpm to 600 rpm.
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LdhA) refers to an enzyme that produces D-lactic acid and NAD from pyruvate and NADH.
- the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism according to the present invention may have various pathways for producing glutamic acid using acetyl-CoA as an intermediate, or may have enhanced enzyme activity associated with the pathway.
- the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to the present invention which has a glutamate production pathway, is obtained by, for example, constructing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism of the present invention using a microorganism having a glutamate production pathway as a host, or the present invention. It is obtained by imparting or enhancing the gene of an enzyme relating to the glutamate production pathway in the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism.
- a microorganism having a glutamic acid production pathway may be referred to as a “glutamic acid producing microorganism”.
- glutamic acid-producing microorganisms include microorganisms capable of producing L-amino acids.
- the glutamic acid-producing microorganism include enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia bacteria and Pantoea bacteria, and coryneform bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum, to which a glutamic acid production pathway is imparted or enhanced.
- the method for imparting or enhancing glutamic acid-producing ability to a microorganism includes, for example, modifying so that expression of a gene encoding L-glutamic acid biosynthetic enzyme is increased and / or overexpressed.
- L-glutamate biosynthetic enzymes include glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, aconite hydratase, citrate synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, enolase, phosphoglyceromutase, phosphoglycerate kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, fructose-2
- glutamic acid-producing microorganisms include glutamic acid-producing microorganisms described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-278643.
- the ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid in an amount exceeding the saturation concentration of L-glutamic acid in a liquid medium when cultured under acidic conditions (hereinafter referred to as “the ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid under acidic conditions”) can be used).
- the ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid under acidic conditions can be used.
- the ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid in an amount exceeding the saturation concentration is obtained. It can be given to microorganisms.
- microorganisms having an ability to accumulate L-glutamic acid under acidic conditions include Pantoea Ananatis AJ13356 (FERM BP-6615) and AJ13601 (FERM BP-7207) (above, European Patent Application Publication No. 0952211) ).
- Pantoea Ananatis AJ13356 was established in the Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry (currently, the National Institute for Product Evaluation and Technology (NITE-IPOD)). Deposited under the deposit number FERM P-16645, transferred to the international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on January 11, 1999, and given the deposit number FERM BP-6615.
- the strain was identified as Enterobacter agglomerans at the time of its isolation, and deposited as Enterobacter agglomerans AJ13355. Recently, the strain was assigned to Pantoea ananatis by 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis. Reclassified (see examples). Strains AJ13356 and AJ13601 derived from AJ13355 are also deposited with the depository organization as Enterobacter agglomerans, but are described herein as Pantoea Ananatis. On August 18, 1999, AJ13601 received the accession number FERM P- to the Biotechnology Institute of Industrial Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry (currently the National Institute for Product Evaluation and Technology (NITE-IPOD)). No. 17156, transferred to an international deposit under the Budapest Treaty on July 6, 2000, and assigned the deposit number FERMBP-7207.
- a method for imparting resistance to an organic acid analog or a respiratory inhibitor, or a method for imparting sensitivity to a cell wall synthesis inhibitor may be mentioned.
- a method of imparting monofluoroacetic acid resistance Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-113209
- a method of imparting adenine resistance or thymine resistance Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-065198
- a method of weakening urease Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52-038088
- a method for imparting malonic acid resistance Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- Such resistant bacteria include the following strains. Brevibacterium flavum AJ3949 (FERMBP-2632; JP 50-113209 A) Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ11628 (FERM P-5736; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-065198) Brevibacterium flavum AJ11355 (FERM P-5007; JP 56-1889) Corynebacterium glutamicum AJ11368 (FERM P-5020; JP-A-56-1889) Brevibacterium flavum AJ11217 (FERM P-4318; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
- microorganisms having L-glutamine-producing ability include bacteria having enhanced glutamate dehydrogenase activity, bacteria having enhanced glutamine synthetase (glnA) activity, and bacteria having a disrupted glutaminase gene (European Patent Application Publication Nos. 1229121 and 1424398). Issue description). Enhancement of glutamine synthetase activity can also be achieved by destruction of glutamine adenyl transferase (glnE) or PII regulatory protein (glnB).
- glnE glutamine adenyl transferase
- glnB PII regulatory protein
- strains belonging to the genus Escherichia and having a mutant glutamine synthetase in which the tyrosine residue at position 397 of glutamine synthetase is substituted with another amino acid residue can also be exemplified as suitable L-glutamine producing bacteria (US patent application) (Publication No. 2003-0148474).
- Brevibacterium flavum AJ11573 (FERM P-5492; JP 56-161495 A) Brevibacterium flavum AJ11576 (FERM BP-10381; Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-161495) Brevibacterium flavum AJ12212 (FERM P-8123; JP-A 61-202694)
- microorganisms producing proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine and / or polyglutamic acid are described in JP 2010-41920 A.
- Microorganisms producing acetic acid, (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, citric acid, and / or butyric acid are described in “Fermentation Handbook” (Kyoritsu Shuppan).
- Examples of microorganisms that produce 4-aminobutyric acid include microorganisms in which glutamate decarboxylase is introduced into glutamic acid-producing microorganisms (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-167097).
- microorganisms that produce 4-hydroxybutyric acid include microorganisms in which glutamate decarboxylase, aminotransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase are introduced into a glutamate-producing microorganism (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-171960).
- microorganisms that produce 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid include microorganisms introduced with the route described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 or International Publication No. 2008/145737.
- microorganisms that produce 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid include microorganisms that have introduced the pathway described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 or International Publication No. 2009/156214.
- microorganisms that produce 3-aminoisobutyric acid and / or methacrylic acid include microorganisms into which the pathway described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 has been introduced.
- the method for producing acetyl-CoA according to the first invention and the method for producing a metabolite having acetyl-CoA as an intermediate are a culture process for culturing by bringing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to the first invention into contact with a carbon source material. And a recovery step of recovering a target product (acetyl CoA or a metabolite having acetyl CoA as an intermediate) obtained by the contact.
- the metabolite having acetyl CoA as an intermediate include acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and glutamic acid.
- acetyl CoA and metabolites having acetyl CoA as an intermediate are sometimes collectively referred to as “target product”.
- the method for producing acetyl-CoA according to the second invention and the method for producing a metabolite having acetyl-CoA as an intermediate are a culture step of culturing by bringing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism according to the second invention into contact with the carbon source material. And a recovery step of recovering the target product (acetyl CoA or a metabolite having acetyl CoA as an intermediate) obtained by the contact.
- the metabolite having acetyl CoA as an intermediate include citric acid, itaconic acid, and (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid.
- acetyl-CoA and metabolites having acetyl-CoA as an intermediate are sometimes collectively referred to as “target product”.
- each microorganism since each microorganism is brought into contact with the carbon source material and cultured, the carbon source material is assimilated by the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism, and the target product is efficiently obtained while fixing the carbon dioxide. Can be produced.
- the carbon source material is not particularly limited as long as it contains a carbon source that can be assimilated by microorganisms, but is preferably a plant-derived material.
- the plant-derived material refers to organs such as roots, stems, trunks, branches, leaves, flowers, seeds, plant bodies containing them, degradation products of these plant organs, and further plant bodies, plant organs, or degradation products thereof.
- those that can be utilized as a carbon source in culture by microorganisms are also included in the plant-derived material.
- Carbon sources included in plant-derived materials generally include sugars such as starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, and herbaceous degradation products, cellulose hydrolysates containing these components, and these Can be mentioned. Furthermore, glycerin or fatty acid derived from vegetable oil is also included in the carbon source in the present invention.
- crops such as cereals are preferable, and specifically, corn, rice, wheat, soybean, sugar cane, beet, cotton, and combinations thereof can be preferably mentioned, and the usage form as the material is , Unprocessed products, juice, pulverized products, etc. are not particularly limited. Moreover, the form of only the above-mentioned carbon source may be sufficient.
- Contact between the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism and the plant-derived material in the culturing step is generally performed by culturing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism in a medium containing the plant-derived material.
- the contact density between the plant-derived material and the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism varies depending on the activity of the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism, generally, the initial sugar concentration in terms of glucose is mixed as the concentration of the plant-derived material in the medium (acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism).
- the initial sugar concentration is preferably 15% by mass or less from the viewpoint of the sugar resistance of the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism.
- Each of these other components may be added in an amount usually added to the microorganism medium, and is not particularly limited.
- the acetyl-CoA production method of the present invention may further include a step of supplying carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide gas) and / or a reducing agent to the medium used for culture (hereinafter referred to as supply step).
- supply step a step of supplying carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide gas) and / or a reducing agent to the medium used for culture.
- supply step a step of supplying carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide gas) and / or a reducing agent to the medium used for culture.
- supply step a step of supplying carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide gas) and / or a reducing agent to the medium used for culture.
- supply step a step of supplying carbonate ions, hydrogen carbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide gas) and / or a reducing agent to the medium used for culture.
- supply step
- the carbonate ion or hydrogen carbonate ion may be derived from a component that can generate carbonate ion and / or hydrogen carbonate ion by supplying it to the medium.
- the component capable of generating carbonate ion and / or hydrogen carbonate ion include sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and the like.
- the amount of carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions supplied to the medium is not particularly limited as long as the target product can be produced efficiently.
- the total supply amount per 1 L of the medium is preferably 150 mmol or more. By supplying carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions of 150 mmol / L or more, the yield of the target product can be sufficiently improved.
- the total supply amount of carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions per liter of the medium is more preferably 200 mmol or more. Moreover, it is preferable that the total supply amount of carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions per liter of the medium is 5 mol or less.
- the total supply amount per 1 L of the medium is 5 mol or less, there is a low possibility that a large amount of carbonate ions or bicarbonate ions that are not used in the cells in the culturing step are generated.
- the total supply amount of carbonate ions and / or bicarbonate ions per liter of medium is more preferably 3 mol or less, and even more preferably 2 mol or less.
- a method for supplying carbonate ions and / or hydrogen carbonate ions to the medium may follow a known method.
- the supply time may be at the start of culture or during culture, and is not particularly limited. Carbonate ions and / or hydrogencarbonate ions may be supplied all at once or may be supplied separately.
- the carbon dioxide gas may be any gas containing carbon dioxide, and may be air, for example.
- the carbon dioxide concentration of the carbon dioxide gas is preferably not less than the carbon dioxide concentration in the air, more preferably not less than 0.1 v / v%, and still more preferably not less than 1 v / v%.
- the carbon dioxide concentration is preferably 75 v / v% or less, more preferably 50 v / v% or less, and still more preferably 25 v / v% or less.
- Carbon dioxide gas can be dissolved in the medium by bubbling or the like.
- the average bubble diameter of the carbon dioxide gas supplied into the medium is not particularly limited as long as the target product can be efficiently produced.
- carbon dioxide gas having an average bubble diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more is preferable. If carbon dioxide gas has an average cell diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more, the foamability in the medium is extremely increased, and there is a low possibility that it is difficult to continue fermentation culture. More preferred is carbon dioxide gas having an average bubble diameter of 200 ⁇ m or more, and further preferred is carbon dioxide gas having an average bubble diameter of 500 ⁇ m or more.
- Carbon dioxide gas can be supplied to the culture medium using a commonly used bubble generator.
- the bubble generator include an air sparger.
- a measuring method of the average bubble diameter for example, a method of measuring by a laser diffraction scattering method using a particle size distribution measuring device (for example, LS 13-320 manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.) Examples include a method of measuring by a pore electrical resistance method using a Multisizer3), a method of binarizing a shadow image using a high-speed video camera, and the like.
- the reducing agent is not particularly limited as long as the components in the medium and cells are reduced during culture and the reducing agent itself is oxidized.
- sulfide, carbon compound, hydrogen and the like can be mentioned.
- sulfides include sulfites (sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite, etc.), thiosulfates (sodium thiosulfate, potassium thiosulfate, etc.), and salts of sulfide ions (sodium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide).
- the carbon compound include alcohols, fatty acids, paraffin, carbon monoxide and the like.
- reducing agent sulfide is preferable, and among them, sodium sulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium sulfide, and cysteine are preferable, and sodium sulfite is most preferable.
- the concentration of the reducing agent supplied to the medium is not particularly limited as long as the target product can be efficiently produced, and can be appropriately set according to the components to be supplied.
- the concentration of sodium sulfite is preferably 0.01 g / L or more, more preferably 0.1 g / L or more, and even more preferably 1 g / L or more, per 1 L of the medium.
- the concentration of the reducing agent to be supplied is preferably 50 g / L or less, more preferably 20 g / L or less, and further preferably 10 g / L or less.
- the acetyl-CoA production method of the present invention may further include a gas supply step of collecting a gas containing carbon dioxide generated by culturing and supplying the gas to a medium used for culturing. That is, the carbon dioxide gas released as exhaust without being consumed in the medium may be circulated and reused by supplying it again to the medium.
- the method for supplying gas to the medium is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used method.
- a method in which gas is pressurized and ejected from a ring-shaped or plate-shaped member having pores a method called aerator or aeration when the gas is air
- a draft tube Air sparger gas disperser
- a porous material with numerous holes is attached to generate fine bubbles such as air at the tip of plastic or stainless steel pipes.
- the medium used for culturing acetyl-CoA-producing microorganisms usually contains carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic ions, inorganic trace elements required by microorganisms to produce desired products, nucleic acids, vitamins, etc. There is no particular limitation as long as the medium is used.
- the culture conditions in the culture step are not particularly limited.
- the pH is 4 to 9 (preferably pH 6 to 8) and the temperature is 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. (preferably 25 ° C.) under aerobic conditions. Culturing while controlling the pH and temperature within the range of -40 ° C to 42 ° C.
- the culture conditions in the culture process there are no particular restrictions on the culture conditions in the culture process.
- the pH and temperature are controlled within a range of pH 1 to 10 (preferably pH 3 to 7) and temperature 20 ° C. to 50 ° C. (preferably 25 ° C. to 42 ° C.) under aerobic conditions. Incubate while cultivating.
- the pH and temperature are controlled within a range of pH 4-9 (preferably pH 6-8) and temperature 20 ° C.-50 ° C. (preferably 25 ° C.-42 ° C.) under aerobic conditions. Incubate while cultivating.
- the amount of gas aeration into the mixture containing the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism and the carbon source material is not particularly limited, but generally 0.02 vvm to 2.0 vvm (vvm; aeration) when only air is used as the gas.
- Volume [mL] / liquid volume [mL] / hour [min]) 50 to 600 rpm, preferably from 0.1 vvm to 2.0 vvm from the viewpoint of suppressing physical damage to microorganisms, more preferably 0.1 vvm to 1.0 vvm.
- the culture process can be continued from the start of culture until the carbon source material in the mixture is consumed or until the activity of the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism is lost.
- the duration of the culturing step varies depending on the number and activity of acetyl-CoA-producing microorganisms in the mixture and the amount of the carbon source material, but is generally 1 hour or longer, preferably 4 hours or longer.
- the culture process can be continued continuously without limitation by re-introducing the carbon source material or the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism. From the viewpoint of treatment efficiency, it is generally 5 days or less, preferably 72 hours or less. be able to. For other conditions, the conditions used for normal culture may be applied as they are.
- the method for recovering the target product accumulated in the culture solution is a mixed solution in which the target product and other components are mixed, for example, after removing the cells from the culture solution by centrifugation, the condition depends on the type of the target product.
- a method of separating the target product by a conventional separation method such as distillation or membrane separation can be employed.
- the acetyl-CoA production method of the present invention may include a pre-culture step for bringing the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism to be used into an appropriate number of bacteria and / or an appropriate active state before the culture step.
- the pre-culture process may be a culture under normal culture conditions according to the type of acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism.
- the isopropyl alcohol production method and the acetone production method of the present invention include producing isopropyl alcohol or acetone, which are target products, from a carbon source material using an acetyl CoA-producing microorganism. That is, the isopropyl alcohol production method and the acetone production method of the present invention include a culture step of culturing an acetyl CoA-producing microorganism and a carbon source material in contact with each other, and a target product (isopropyl alcohol or acetone) obtained by the contact. A recovery step of recovering.
- acetyl CoA-producing microorganism used in the isopropyl alcohol production method those having the thiolase activity, CoA transferase activity, acetoacetate decarboxylase activity and isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity described above as a preferred embodiment of the acetyl CoA-producing microorganism are isopropyl alcohol. From the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism used in the acetone production method those having the thiolase activity, the CoA-transferase activity and the acetoacetate decarboxylase activity described above as a preferred embodiment of the acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism are preferable from the viewpoint of the production efficiency of acetone. .
- the isopropyl alcohol production method and the acetone production method are preferably a culture step (referred to as “aeration culture step”) of culturing an acetyl CoA-producing microorganism while supplying a gas to the mixture containing the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism and the carbon source material. And a target product recovery step of separating and recovering the target product (isopropyl alcohol or acetone) produced by the culturing step from the mixture.
- the target product is released into the mixture and is evaporated from the mixture. As a result, the target product can be easily separated from the mixture.
- the target product is continuously separated from the mixture, an increase in the concentration of the target product in the mixture can be suppressed. Therefore, it is not particularly necessary to consider the resistance of the acetyl CoA-producing microorganism to the target product.
- the above-mentioned matters are applied as they are.
- any method can be used as long as it can collect the target product in the form of gas or droplets evaporated from the mixture by culturing.
- a collection member such as a generally used sealed container, and from the viewpoint of recovering only the target product with high purity, the capture liquid for capturing the target product and the purpose separated from the mixture Preferred is a method comprising contacting the product.
- the target product can be recovered as a form dissolved in a capture liquid or a mixture.
- a recovery method include a method described in International Publication No. 2009/008377.
- the present invention may further include a dehydration step.
- the target product can be dehydrated by a conventional method.
- the recovered target product can be confirmed using a normal detection means such as HPLC.
- the recovered target product may be further purified as necessary. Examples of the purification method include distillation.
- FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2009/008377 As an apparatus applied to a production method of a target product that can be recovered as a form dissolved in a capture liquid or a mixture, for example, a production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2009/008377 can be cited.
- an infusion tube for injecting gas from the outside of the apparatus is connected to a culture tank containing a culture medium containing microorganisms and plant-derived materials to be used, and aeration can be performed on the culture medium.
- a trap tank containing a capture liquid (trap liquid) is connected to the culture tank via a connection tube.
- the target product produced by aeration culture in the culture tank is evaporated by aeration and easily separated from the culture medium.
- the gas or liquid moved to the trap tank comes into contact with the trap liquid, resulting in bubbling and trapped in the trap liquid.
- the target product can be produced continuously and simply in a more purified form.
- the glutamic acid production method of the present invention includes producing glutamic acid, which is a target product, from a carbon source material using an acetyl-CoA-producing microorganism. That is, the glutamic acid production method of the present invention includes a culture step in which an acetyl-CoA producing microorganism and a carbon source material are brought into contact with each other, and a recovery step in which the target product (glutamic acid) obtained by the contact is collected. .
- the glutamic acid production method of the present invention since the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism and the carbon source material are brought into contact and cultured, the carbon source material is assimilated by the acetyl-CoA producing microorganism and the glutamic acid is efficiently fixed while fixing the carbon dioxide. Can be produced.
- the medium used for the culture can be a normal medium containing a carbon source; a nitrogen source; inorganic salts; organic micronutrients such as amino acids and vitamins; Either a synthetic medium or a natural medium can be used. Any type of carbon source and nitrogen source may be used as long as the strain to be cultured is available.
- nitrogen source ammonia, ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium acetate; nitrates; and the like can be used.
- inorganic salts phosphates, magnesium salts, calcium salts, iron salts, manganese salts and the like can be used.
- organic micronutrients examples include amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, nucleic acids, peptone containing these, casamino acids, yeast extracts, soybean protein degradation products, and the like.
- auxotrophic mutant that requires an amino acid or the like for growth, it is preferable to supplement the required nutrients.
- the culture is preferably carried out by aeration culture while controlling the temperature at 20 to 45 ° C. and the pH at 3 to 9.
- an inorganic or organic acid, alkaline substance, ammonia gas, or the like can be used.
- L-amino acids are accumulated in the culture solution or in the cells.
- a microorganism can be cultured using a liquid medium adjusted to conditions where L-glutamic acid is precipitated while precipitating L-glutamic acid in the medium.
- the conditions under which L-glutamic acid is precipitated include, for example, pH 4.0 to 5.0, preferably pH 4.0 to 4.5, more preferably pH 4.0 to 4.3, and particularly preferably pH 4.0. Conditions can be mentioned.
- the pH is preferably 4.0 to 5.0, more preferably 4.0 to 4.5. More preferably, it is 4.0 to 4.3.
- the culture at the above pH may be the whole culture period or a part thereof.
- the method for collecting L-amino acid from the culture solution after completion of the culture may be performed according to a known recovery method. For example, there are a method of concentration crystallization after removing bacterial cells from the culture solution, and a method by ion exchange chromatography.
- L-glutamic acid precipitated in the culture solution can be collected by centrifugation or filtration. In this case, L-glutamic acid dissolved in the culture solution may be crystallized and then collected together.
- the citric acid production method, itaconic acid production method, and (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid production method of the present invention use acetyl-CoA-producing microorganisms from the carbon source material to each target product (citric acid, itaconic acid, or Producing (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid). That is, the citric acid production method, the itaconic acid production method, and the (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid production method of the present invention can be obtained by culturing the acetyl CoA-producing microorganism and the carbon source material in contact with each other and the contact. And a recovery step of recovering the desired product (citric acid, itaconic acid, or (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid).
- the medium used for the culture can be a normal medium containing a carbon source; a nitrogen source; inorganic salts; organic micronutrients such as amino acids and vitamins; Either a synthetic medium or a natural medium can be used. Any type of carbon source and nitrogen source may be used as long as the strain to be cultured is available.
- nitrogen source ammonia, ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium acetate; nitrates; and the like can be used.
- inorganic salts phosphates, magnesium salts, calcium salts, iron salts, manganese salts and the like can be used.
- organic micronutrients examples include amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids, nucleic acids, peptone containing these, casamino acids, yeast extracts, soybean protein degradation products, and the like.
- auxotrophic mutant that requires an amino acid or the like for growth, it is preferable to supplement the required nutrients.
- the target product (citric acid, itaconic acid, or (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid) is dissolved in the culture solution. It can be recovered as a form deposited as a solid from the culture solution, or as a form accumulated in the microbial cells.
- the present invention may further include a dehydration step.
- the target product can be dehydrated by a conventional method.
- the recovered target product can be confirmed using a normal detection means such as HPLC.
- the recovered target product may be further purified as necessary. Examples of the purification method include crystallization, column purification using an ion exchange resin, and the like.
- proline As a method of producing proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine, citrulline, ornithine, acetic acid, (poly) 3-hydroxybutyric acid, itaconic acid, citric acid, butyric acid, polyglutamic acid by applying the microorganism of the present invention,
- “Fermentation Handbook” Korean University Press
- p363-p364 p61-p63, p61-p63, p61-p63, p61-p63, p40-p42, p40-p42, p40-p42, p189-p192, p377-p378, p64-p65
- Examples include the methods described in p124 to p125, p19 to p23, and p373, respectively.
- Examples of a method for producing 4-aminobutyric acid by applying the microorganism of the present invention include a production method using a microorganism (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-167097) in which glutamic acid decarboxylase is introduced into a glutamic acid-producing microorganism.
- a method for producing 4-hydroxybutyric acid by applying the microorganism of the present invention for example, a microorganism in which glutamic acid decarboxylase, aminotransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase are introduced into a glutamic acid-producing microorganism (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-2009). -171960 publication).
- Examples of a method for producing 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid by applying the microorganism of the present invention include a production method using a microorganism into which a route described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 or International Publication No. 2009/156214 is introduced. It is done.
- Examples of a method for producing 3-aminoisobutyric acid and / or methacrylic acid by applying the microorganism of the present invention include a production method using a microorganism into which a route described in International Publication No. 2009/135074 is introduced.
- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Escherichia coli MG1655 is available from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection). Escherichia coli B (ATCC 11303) is available from ATCC. The genomic DNA of Methylococcus capsuleatus ATCC 33009 (ATCC 33009D-5) can be obtained from ATCC.
- Corynebacterium DSM 1412 is available from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures).
- Rhodococcus josti NBRC16295 is available from NBRC (Biotechnology Division, Biotechnology Headquarters, National Institute of Product Evaluation Technology). Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015 is available from ATCC. Aspergillus terreus NBRC 6365 is available from NBRC.
- Capriavidas Necatol JMP134 (DSM4058) is available from DSMZ.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of plasmid pMWKGC>
- PCR was performed by using the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 as a template, and the PCR fragment was amplified using CGAGCTACATATGCAATGTATTACACGATCTCCG (SEQ ID NO: 42) and CGCGCGCATGCCTATTGTTAGTAGGAATAAAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 43).
- a DNA fragment corresponding to the GAPDH promoter of about 110 bp was obtained by digestion with NdeI and SphI.
- This DNA fragment was mixed with a fragment obtained by digesting plasmid pBR322 (GenBank accession number J01749) with restriction enzymes NdeI and SphI, ligated with ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (Toyo) Spinning Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin. The obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained cells to obtain plasmid pBRgapP.
- the plasmid pBRgapP is used as a template, and CCGCTCGAGCATATGCTGTCGCAATGATTGACACG (SEQ ID NO: 44) and GCCTTCCATATGCAGGGTTATTGTTCCATGAGAC (SEQ ID NO: 45) are used as primers to oxidize the DNA fragment.
- a DNA fragment containing the promoter was obtained.
- Plasmid pMW119 (GenBank accession number AB005476) is treated with restriction enzymes AatII and NdeI, and the resulting DNA fragment is blunted with KOD plus DNA polymerase (Takara) to obtain a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pMW119. It was.
- a DNA fragment containing the GAPDH promoter and a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pMW119 were mixed and ligated using ligase, then transformed into an Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell and applied to an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin. A growing transformant was obtained. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to obtain a plasmid pMWG.
- the DNA obtained was amplified by PCR using pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610) as a template, TCGGCACGTAAGAGGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 46) and CGGGTCGAATTTGCTTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 47) as primers.
- the fragment was phosphorylated with T4 Polynucleotide Kinase (Takara) to obtain a DNA fragment containing a chloramphenicol resistance gene.
- CTAGATCTGACATAGATAGACGGGTAAGCC SEQ ID NO: 48
- CTAGATCTCAGGGTTTATTGTTCCATGAGC SEQ ID NO: 49
- CCTTTGGTTAAAGGCTTTAAGATCTTCCCAGTGGACAAACTATGCCC SEQ ID NO: 50
- GGCATAGTTTGTCCCACTGAGAAGATTCTAAGCCCTTTAACCAAAGG SEQ ID NO: 51
- pMWWGKC_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) is a base sequence of the malyl CoA lyase gene (mcl) derived from Methylococcus capsuleatus (SEQ ID NO: 41), a base sequence of the subunit ⁇ gene (mtkA) of malate thiokinase (SEQ ID NO: 28) And the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 29) of the subunit ⁇ gene (mtkB) of malate thiokinase.
- the amino acid sequence of malyl CoA lyase (Mcl) derived from Methylococcus capsuleatus, the amino acid sequence of malate thiokinase subunit ⁇ (MtkA), and the amino acid sequence of malate thiokinase subunit ⁇ (MtkB) are SEQ ID NO: 36, As shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 and SEQ ID NO: 14.
- Example 3 ⁇ Preparation of plasmid pCASET> Using pHSG298 (Takara) as a template, CGCCTCGAGTGACTCATACCACGGCTG (SEQ ID NO: 54) and CGCCTCGAGGCAACACCACTTCTTCACGAG (SEQ ID NO: 55) as primers, the DNA fragment obtained was digested with the restriction enzyme XhoI and ligated. After that, it was transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin. The plasmid was recovered from the obtained cells, and the plasmid in which the XhoI recognition sequence was inserted into pHSG298 was named pHSG298-XhoI.
- amplification was performed by PCR using pKK223-3 (Pharmacia) as a template, ATCATCCAGCTGTGCAGGCAGCCCATCGGAAG (SEQ ID NO: 56) and ATCCCCGGGAATTCTGTT (SEQ ID NO: 57) as primers, and the resulting DNA fragment was restricted to the restriction enzyme PvuII And digested with SmaI to obtain a DNA fragment encoding about 0.2 kbp tac promoter.
- a DNA fragment encoding the tac promoter and an about 2.4 kbp DNA fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid pHSG298-XhoI with the restriction enzyme PvuII and treating with alkaline phosphatase were mixed and ligated using ligase, followed by Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain
- the cells were transformed into competent cells (Toyobo Co., Ltd., DNA-903) to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and the pHSG298-XhoI lac promoter was replaced with the tac promoter to obtain a plasmid pHSGT1 in which the direction of the tac promoter was the same as the original lac promoter.
- pHSG298 was digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and ClaI to obtain a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kbp containing the multi-cloning site of pHSG298. .
- the obtained DNA fragment was mixed with an approximately 1.7 kbp DNA fragment obtained by digesting plasmid pHSGT1 with restriction enzymes EcoRI and ClaI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase, and ligated with ligase, and then competed with Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent.
- a cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd., DNA-903) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to obtain a plasmid pHSGT2 in which a multi-cloning site of pHSG298 was linked downstream of the tac promoter.
- the DNA fragment obtained by digesting the prepared DNA fragment with the restriction enzyme XhoI was mixed with the DNA fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid pHSGT2 with the restriction enzyme XhoI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase, and ligated with ligase.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and a plasmid in which a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pCASE1 and repA and repB was inserted into the XhoI recognition site of pHSGT2 was named pCSET.
- pCSET a plasmid in which a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pCASE1 and repA and repB was inserted into the XhoI recognition site of pHSGT2 was named pCSET.
- the direction of pCASE1-derived repA was opposite to that of the tac promoter.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and the plasmid in which the mcl-mtk fragment was inserted in a direction suitable for expression by the promoter of the plasmid was named pCSET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc).
- PCSET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) includes the base sequence of mcl derived from Methylococcus capsuleatus (SEQ ID NO: 41), the base sequence of mtkA (SEQ ID NO: 28), and the base sequence of mtkB (SEQ ID NO: 29).
- Example 5 ⁇ Construction of mtk, mcl, gcl and glxR expression plasmids for Corynebacterium> Rhodococcus josti NBRC16295 was cultured in NBRC medium number 802, and genomic DNA was obtained using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Inc.).
- PCR was carried out using CGAGCTCAAGCTTACAAAAAGAGATAAAAACAATGAGCACCATTGCATTCCATCG (SEQ ID NO: 61) CGGGATCCCTAGTCCCAGCAGGCATGAGAG (SEQ ID NO: 62) to obtain a Rhodococcus glxR-gcl 63 fragment.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and the plasmid in which the glxR-gcl fragment was inserted into pCSET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) was named pCSET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) _glxR (Rj) _gcl (Rj).
- the plasmid pCSET_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) _glxR (Rj) _gcl (Rj) comprises the base sequence of mcl derived from Methylococcus capsuleatus (SEQ ID NO: 41), the base sequence of mtkA (SEQ ID NO: 28), and the base sequence of mtkB ( In addition to SEQ ID NO: 29), the base sequence of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase (glxR) derived from Rhodococcus josti (SEQ ID NO: 64) and the base sequence of glyoxylate carboligase (gcl) (SEQ ID NO: 65) including.
- the amino acid sequence of 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase (GlxR) derived from Rhodococcus josti and the amino acid sequence of glyoxylate carboligase (Gcl) are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 66 and SEQ ID NO: 67, respectively.
- Example 6 ⁇ Preparation of plasmid pMWCBL> Using the pMWGKC prepared in Example 1 as a template, ATCGATCTCGAGTTTACCCCGTCTTACTGTCAGATCTAG (SEQ ID NO: 68) and ATCGATCTCGAGGCCCTGTGATGATACCCGCTGCCTTA (SEQ ID NO: 69) as primers were used to digest the obtained DNA fragment I with the restriction enzyme X After binding, Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cells (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) were transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol. The plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and the plasmid having the XhoI recognition sequence inserted into pMWGKC was named pMWKGC-XhoI.
- Plasmid pBL1 (Journal of General Microbiology, 1984; 130: 2237-2246) was prepared from Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13869, and the obtained plasmid was used as a template for CCCCTCGAGGTCAACAAACAACCCATCA (SEQ ID NO: 70) and CCGCTCGAGCCATGCCATGCATGC (prime sequence number 71) By performing PCR in pairs, a DNA fragment (SEQ ID NO: 72) of about 1.8 kb containing the origin of replication and repA was amplified. The sequence is shown below.
- the DNA fragment obtained by digesting the amplified DNA fragment with the restriction enzyme XhoI and the DNA fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid pMWKC-XhoI with the restriction enzyme XhoI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase were mixed and ligated using ligase.
- Escherichia coli JM109 strain competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd., DNA-900) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and a plasmid in which a DNA fragment containing the replication origin of pBL1 and repA was inserted into the XhoI recognition site of pMWGKC-XhoI was named pMWCBL.
- Example 7 ⁇ Construction of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032-derived pyc expression plasmid pMWCBL_pyc>
- AAGCGAGCTCACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGTCGAACTCACACATCTTACGA74 SEQ ID NO: 73
- AATACATGCCATGACGTAGTAG primer Seed synthesized The primer of SEQ ID NO: 73 has a SacI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side, and the primer of SEQ ID NO: 74 has a SphI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- Genomic DNA of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 was prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with a primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 73 and SEQ ID NO: 74 to amplify a DNA fragment of about 3.5 kb. This DNA fragment was digested with SacI and SphI, and separated and collected by agarose gel electrophoresis.
- the recovered DNA fragment was mixed with pMWCBL digested with SacI and SphI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase, ligated with ligase, and transformed into Escherichia coli JM109 strain competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.)
- a transformant was obtained that grew at 30 ° C. on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol.
- a plasmid pMWCBL_pyc in which the pyruvate carboxylase gene was inserted into pMWCBL was recovered from the obtained transformant.
- PMWCBL_pyc contains the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 75) of the pyruvate carboxylase gene (pyc) derived from Corynebacterium glutamicum.
- the amino acid sequence of pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc) derived from Corynebacterium glutamicum is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 76.
- Example 8 ⁇ Construction of Corynebacterium glutamicum strain for evaluation> Using the Corynebacterium glutamicum DSM1412 (sometimes referred to as “CG strain”) as a host, the plasmid constructed in Examples 3, 5, and 7 was used for transformation by electroporation. Each strain was applied to an LB agar medium containing 15 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin and / or 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol, and the growing strain was used as an evaluation strain. These strains are summarized in Table 2.
- the culture solution is periodically sampled, the cells are removed by centrifugation (MILLIPORE 12,000 rpm, 3 minutes), and the supernatant is filtered through a hydrophilic PTFE membrane filter (MILLIPORE, MSGVN2B50). It was.
- HPLC Waters 2695
- NN-814 column Showa Denko
- UV / Vis detector Waters 2489
- ULTRON PS-80H column Shinwa Kako
- RI detector Waters 2414
- Example 9 ⁇ Assessment of mtk, mcl, gcl and glxR gene addition and pyc gene-enhanced Corynebacterium strain> CG / mtk_mcl / gcl_glxR / vec2 and CG / mtk_mcl / gcl_glxR / pyc constructed in Example 8 were used as evaluation strains, except that 15 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin and 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol were used as antibiotics added to the medium. Is cultured and analyzed in the same manner as in Reference Example 1.
- the pyc-enhanced strain (CG / mtk_mcl / gcl_glxR / pyc) shows higher sugar yield than the control strain (CG / mtk_mcl / gcl_glxR / vec2). That is, in the Corynebacterium strain provided with the CO 2 fixation pathway, enhancement of the pyc gene is considered to be effective in improving the sugar yield.
- Example 10 ⁇ Evaluation of glutamic acid production under the condition of adding sodium sulfite> CG / mtk_mcl / gcl_glxR constructed in Example 8 was inoculated into an LB medium containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin as an evaluation strain and cultured at 30 ° C. for 2 days. Thereafter, 100 ⁇ L of the culture solution was applied to an LB plate having a diameter of 9 cm containing 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin, and cultured at 30 ° C. for 2 days.
- the bacteria of 1/8 area of the plate are scraped off, and 5 mL of a minimal medium for coryneform strain containing 20 ⁇ g / L Biotine ⁇ 60 g / L glucose, 30 g / L (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , 1 g / L KH 2 PO4, 0.4 g / L MgSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 0.01 g / L FeSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O, 0.01 g / L MnSO 4 ⁇ 5H 2 O, 200 ⁇ g / L Thiamine ⁇ HCl, 5.1 g / L Soytone ( Bacto), 25 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin, pH 8.0 ⁇ , and cultured with 0.25 g calcium carbonate in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask with baffle at 31.5 ° C.
- a minimal medium for coryneform strain containing 20 ⁇ g / L Biotine ⁇ 60 g / L glucose, 30 g
- the yield to sugar was 44% in the sodium sulfite-free test group, whereas the yield to sugar was 50% in the sodium sulfite supply test group.
- the yield was improved.
- the OD 620 nm of the culture solution was measured, unexpectedly, since the OD that was 50 in the sodium sulfite-free test group was 29 in the sodium sulfite supply test group, the increase in the amount of cells was suppressed. It was also confirmed that there was an effect. If the increase in the amount of cells can be suppressed, the cost of waste cell processing can be suppressed.
- Example 11 ⁇ Preparation of Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome-enhanced strain>
- the entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 is known (GenBank accession number U00096), and the base sequence of the gene encoding the CoA transferase ⁇ subunit of Escherichia coli MG1655 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “atoD”) is also included. It has been reported. That is, atoD is described in 232469-3232131 of the Escherichia coli MG1655 genomic sequence described in GenBank accession number U00096.
- the restriction enzyme was amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 as a template, using CGCTCAATTGCAAATTGACACGATTCCG (SEQ ID NO: 77) and ACAGAATTCGCTATTTTGTTAGGTGAATAAAAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 78) as a primer.
- a DNA fragment encoding the GAPDH promoter of about 100 bp was obtained by digestion with MfeI and EcoRI.
- the resulting DNA fragment was mixed with plasmid pUC19 (GenBank accession number X02514) digested with restriction enzyme EcoRI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase, and ligated with ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell ( Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 genomic DNA was used as a template, CGAATTCGCTGGTGGAACATATGAAAACAAAAATTGATGATACATTACAAGAC (SEQ ID NO: 79) and GCGGTACCTTTTTGCTCTCTCCTGTGAAACG (SEQ ID NO: 80) were used as primers and amplified using the PCR method. Digestion with EcoRI and KpnI yielded an approximately 690 bp atoD fragment.
- This DNA fragment was mixed with pUCgapP digested with the restriction enzymes EcoRI and KpnI, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd., DNA-903), and 50 ⁇ g / A transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing mL ampicillin was obtained. A plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and it was confirmed that atoD was correctly inserted. This plasmid was named pGAPatoD.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 using Escherichia coli MG1655 as a template of Escherichia coli MG1655, using primers of GCTCTAGATGCGGAAATCCCACTAGTCTGTGTC (SEQ ID NO: 81) and TACTGCAGCGTTCCAGCCACTTACAACC (SEQ ID NO: 82), which were prepared based on the genetic information of the 5 'vicinity region of atoD of Escherichia coli MG1655 An about 1.1 kbp DNA fragment was amplified by PCR.
- GTCTAGAGCAATGATTGACACGATTCCCG (SEQ ID NO: 83) prepared based on the sequence information of the GAPDH promoter of Escherichia coli MG1655, and GCGGTACCTTTTGTCTCTCTGGAACG primer prepared using the sequence information of atoD of Escherichia coli MG1655 (SEQ ID NO: 83) Then, PCR was performed using the plasmid pGAPatoD as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 790 bp consisting of the GAPDH promoter and atoD.
- the about 1.1 kbp DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes PstI and XbaI, the about 790 bp DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes XbaI and KpnI, and both fragments were digested with temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610) (Gene , 2000; 241: 185-191) were mixed with a fragment obtained by digesting with PstI and KpnI, ligated with ligase, transformed into DH5 ⁇ strain, and LB agar containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol. A transformant that grew on the plate at 30 ° C. was obtained.
- the obtained colony was cultured overnight at 30 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained cells.
- This plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli B (ATCC 11303) and cultured on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. overnight to obtain a transformant.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- the obtained cultured cells were applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol and cultured at 42 ° C. to obtain colonies.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium containing no antibiotics at 30 ° C. for 2 hours, and applied to an LB agar plate containing no antibiotics to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- Example 12 ⁇ Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome enhancement / pgi gene deletion strain> The entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 is known (GenBank accession number U00096), and the base sequence of the gene (pgi) encoding Escherichia coli phosphoglucose isomerase has also been reported (GenBank accession number X15196). .
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 85 has an EcoRI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side
- the primers of SEQ ID NO: 86 and SEQ ID NO: 87 have an XbaI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 88 has a PstI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 was prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 85 and SEQ ID NO: 86 to amplify a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb. (Hereinafter sometimes referred to as “pgi-L fragment”). Further, by performing PCR with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 87 and SEQ ID NO: 88, a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “pgi-R fragment”).
- DNA fragments were separated and collected by agarose gel electrophoresis, the pgi-L fragment was digested with EcoRI and XbaI, and the pgi-R fragment was digested with XbaI and PstI, respectively.
- the two digested fragments were mixed with EcoRI and PstI digests of temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610), reacted with T4 DNA ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.).
- a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. was obtained.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that two fragments, a 5 'upstream vicinity fragment and a 3' downstream vicinity fragment of the gene encoding pgi were correctly inserted into pTH18cs1.
- the obtained plasmid was digested with XbaI, and then blunt-ended with T4 DNA polymerase.
- the plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the kanamycin resistance gene was correctly inserted between the 5 ′ upstream neighboring fragment and the 3 ′ downstream neighboring fragment of the gene encoding pgi, and pTH18cs1-pgi and did.
- the prepared pTH18cs1-pgi was transformed into the B :: atoDAB strain prepared in Example 11, and cultured overnight at 30 ° C. on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol and 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin. Got the body.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight. Next, a part of this culture solution was applied to an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin for 24 hours at 30 ° C., and further applied to an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- Example 13 ⁇ Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome enhancement / pgi gene deletion / gntR gene deletion strain>
- the entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain is known (GenBank accession number CP000819), and the base sequence of the gene encoding the transcriptional repressor GntR is the genome sequence of the Escherichia coli B strain described in GenBank accession number CP000819. 3509184-351010.
- the GGAATTCGGGTCAATTTTCACCCTCTATC (SEQ ID NO: 89), GTGGGCCGTCCTGGAGGTACAACCAAGGATAGATCTCGA (AG No. did.
- the primers of SEQ ID NO: 89 and SEQ ID NO: 92 each have an EcoRI recognition site on the 5 'end side.
- a genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain (GenBank accession number CP000819) was prepared, and the obtained genomic DNA was used as a template, and PCR was performed with a primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 89 and SEQ ID NO: 90 to obtain about 1.0 kb of DNA.
- the fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “gntR-L fragment”). Further, by performing PCR with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 91 and SEQ ID NO: 92, a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “gntR-R fragment”).
- DNA fragments were separated and collected by agarose gel electrophoresis, and PCR was performed with a primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 89 and SEQ ID NO: 92 using the gntR-L fragment and the gntR-R fragment as a template, and a DNA fragment of about 2.0 kb was obtained.
- the DNA fragment was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “gntR-LR fragment”).
- This gntR-LR fragment was separated and collected by agarose gel electrophoresis, digested with EcoRI, mixed with the EcoRI digest of temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610), and reacted with T4 DNA ligase.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cells manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cells manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that the gntLR fragment was correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and this plasmid was designated as pTH18cs1-gntR.
- the obtained plasmid pTH18cs1-gntR was transformed into the B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi strain prepared in Example 12, and cultured on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. overnight. Obtained.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- a part of this culture solution was applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and further applied to an LB agar plate to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- Example 14 ⁇ Escherichia coli B strain atoD genome enhancement / pgi gene deletion / gntR gene deletion / gnd gene deletion strain>
- CGCCATATGAATGGCGCGCGCGGGGCCGGTGG SEQ ID NO: 93
- TGGGAGCTCTGTACATGATGCG SEQ ID NO: 94
- TGGAGCTCTGGATCGG A seed was synthesized.
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 93 has an NdeI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side
- the primers of SEQ ID NO: 94 and SEQ ID NO: 95 have a SacI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 96 has a 5 ′ end side. Has a BamHI recognition site.
- a genomic DNA (GenBank accession number CP000819) of Escherichia coli B strain was prepared and PCR was performed with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 93 and SEQ ID NO: 94 to amplify a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb (hereinafter referred to as “gnd ⁇ ”). L fragment "). Further, by performing PCR with the primer pair of SEQ ID NO: 95 and SEQ ID NO: 96, a DNA fragment of about 1.0 kb was amplified (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “gnd-R fragment”).
- a plasmid was recovered from the obtained transformant, and it was confirmed that two fragments of the 5 ′ upstream neighboring fragment and the 3 ′ downstream neighboring fragment of the gene encoding gnd were correctly inserted into pTH18cs1, and this plasmid was transformed into pTH18cs1. -Gnd.
- the obtained plasmid pTH18cs1-gnd was transformed into the B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR strain prepared in Example 13, and cultured on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. overnight. Obtained.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- a part of this culture solution was applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and further applied to an LB agar plate to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- AtoD genome enhancement / pgi gene deletion / gntR gene deletion / gnd gene deletion strain (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd strain”).
- Plasmid pBRgapP was prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of plasmid pBRgapP in Example 1.
- the genomic DNA of Clostridium begerinki NRRL B-593 was used as a template, AATATGCATGCTGGGTGGAACATATGAAGGGTTTGCAATGCTAGGG (SEQ ID NO: 97) and ACGCGTCGAACTTAATAATAACTACTACTCTT
- the obtained DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes SphI and SalI to obtain an isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase fragment of about 1.1 kbp.
- the obtained DNA fragment and the fragment obtained by digesting plasmid pUC119 with restriction enzymes SphI and SalI were mixed, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell, and 50 ⁇ g A transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing / mL ampicillin was obtained.
- the obtained colonies were cultured overnight in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin at 37 ° C., and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that IPAdh was correctly inserted. I was named.
- a fragment containing IPAdh obtained by digesting plasmid pUC-I with restriction enzymes SphI and EcoRI and a fragment obtained by digesting plasmid pBRgapP with restriction enzymes SphI and EcoRI were mixed and ligated using ligase. Thereafter, the cells were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cells to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin. The obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that IPAdh was correctly inserted. I was named.
- Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 genomic DNA was used as a template, and ACGCGTCGACGCTGGTGGAACATATGTTAAAGGATGGAAGTATAAACAAATTAGC (SEQ ID NO: 99) and GCTCTTAGAGGTTACCTACTATAGACT PCR were obtained using the PCR method.
- the fragment was digested with restriction enzymes SalI and XbaI to obtain an acetoacetate decarboxylase fragment of about 700 bp.
- the obtained DNA fragment was mixed with the fragment obtained by digesting plasmid pGAP-I with restriction enzymes SalI and XbaI, ligated with ligase, and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell.
- a transformant that grows on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin was obtained.
- the obtained colony was cultured overnight in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin at 37 ° C., and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that adc was correctly inserted. Named.
- genomic DNA (GenBank accession numberBCP000819) of Escherichia coli B strain was used as a template, and GCTCGTAGTACGGCAAACACGCCGAGG (SEQ ID NO: 101) and CGGGATCGATCGATG sequence (101) was used as a primer for amplification by PCR, and the resulting DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes XbaI and BamHI to obtain a glucose 6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase fragment of about 1500 bp.
- the obtained DNA fragment and the fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid pIa with the restriction enzymes XbaI and BamHI were mixed, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell, 50 ⁇ g / A transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing mL ampicillin was obtained.
- the obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin, and the resulting plasmid was designated as pIaz.
- Example 16 ⁇ Preparation of plasmids pMWGC2 and pMWKC2>
- Escherichia coli MG1655 genomic DNA was used as a template, and CACTAGTCTGTCGCAATGATTGACACGATTCCCG (SEQ ID NO: 103) and GCTCGAATTCCCATATTTCCACCAGCTATTTTGTTAGGTGAATAAAAGG was used as a primer.
- the DNA fragment containing the GAPDH promoter was obtained by digesting with EcoRI and phosphorylating the end with T4 Polynucleotide Kinase.
- Plasmid pMW119 (GenBank accession number AB005476) was digested with the restriction enzyme NdeI, the ends were blunted, and then digested with EcoRI to dephosphorylate the ends.
- This pMW119 DNA fragment and the above-mentioned GAPDH promoter-containing DNA fragment were mixed and ligated, and then transformed into an Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell and applied to an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin. A growing transformant was obtained. The obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to obtain plasmid pMWG2.
- the DNA obtained was amplified by PCR using pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610) as a template, TCGGCACGTAAGAGGTTCC (SEQ ID NO: 46) and CGGGTCGAATTTGCTTTCG (SEQ ID NO: 47) as primers.
- the fragment was phosphorylated with T4 Polynucleotide Kinase (Takara) to obtain a DNA fragment containing a chloramphenicol resistance gene.
- CTAGATCTGACATAGTAAGACGGGTAGAGAG SEQ ID NO: 48
- CTAGATCTCAGGGTTTATTGTCTCATGAGC SEQ ID NO: 49
- plasmid pMWGC2 Using plasmid pMWGC2 as a template, CCTTTGGTTAAAGGCTTTAAGATCTTCCCAGTGGACAAACTATGCCC (SEQ ID NO: 50) and GGCATAGTTTGTCCCACTGGGAAGATTCTAAGCCCTTTAACCAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 51) were used as primers, amplified by the PCR method The transformant which grows on the LB agar plate containing was obtained. The obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 25 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to obtain plasmid pMWGKC2.
- Example 17 ⁇ Construction of Mtk and mcl expression plasmids pMWGC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl and pMWGK2_mtk (Mc) _mcl derived from Methylococcus capsulatus ATCC 33009> PCR was performed using Methylococcus capratus genomic DNA (ATCC33009D-5) as a template and GGAATTCCATATGCTGTTAAAAATCGTCTAC (SEQ ID NO: 52) and GCTCTTAGATCAGAATCTGATCTCGTGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 53) to obtain a fragment of Methylococcus mc.
- Methylococcus capratus genomic DNA ATCC33009D-5
- GGAATTCCATATGCTGTTAAAAATCGTCTAC SEQ ID NO: 52
- GCTCTTAGATCAGAATCTGATCTCGTGTTC SEQ ID NO: 53
- the Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain Transformants were obtained by transforming into competent cells and growing on LB agar plates containing 25 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol. The obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 30 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 25 ⁇ g / mL chloramphenicol, and cultured overnight at 30 ° C. on the ground.
- the obtained plasmids were respectively pMWGC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl pMWGKC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl was named.
- pMWGC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl and pMWGKC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl include a base sequence of mcl derived from Methylococcus capsuleatus (SEQ ID NO: 41), a base sequence of mtkA (SEQ ID NO: 28), and a base sequence of mtkB (SEQ ID NO: 29). .
- the amino acid sequence of Mcl, MtkA, and MtkB derived from Methylococcus capsuleatus are as shown in SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 13, and SEQ ID NO: 14, respectively.
- Example 18 ⁇ Construction of glxR and glxK expression plasmids>
- the genomic DNA of the Escherichia coli B strain (GenBank accession number CP000819) was used as a template, and GCTCTAGACGGGAAAGTCTTTAGGAACTACTAGTGATGATGTATGATCG (SEQ ID NO: 106) was used as a primer for amplification by PCR, and the resulting DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes XbaI and PstI to obtain a glxR fragment of about 900 bp.
- glyceric acid 3-kinase gene (glxK) derived from Escherichia coli
- genomic DNA GenBank accession number CP000819
- AACTGCAGCGGAGAAAGTCTTAGAAGATTGTTCTCTGTCTCTC SEQ ID NO: 107
- the resulting DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes PstI and HindIII to obtain a glxK fragment of about 1100 bp.
- the obtained glxR fragment and glxK fragment were mixed with plasmid pMWGC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl constructed in Example 17 cut with XbaI and HindIII, and glxR and glxK were mixed with malatethio of plasmid pMWGC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl. Ligated downstream of the kinase (mtk) sequence.
- the obtained plasmid was designated as pMWGC2_mtk (Mc) _mcl_glxR_glxK.
- Example 19 ⁇ Mtk and mcl-introduced isopropyl alcohol production atoD genome enhancement / pgi gene deletion / gntR gene deletion / gnd gene deletion strain> A competent cell of the strain prepared in Example 14 (B :: atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd strain) was transformed with the plasmid pIaz prepared in Example 15 and any of the plasmids prepared in Examples 16-18, and 25 mg / L Of chloramphenicol and 100 mg / L ampicillin were applied to an LB agar medium and grown to obtain a strain. These strains are summarized in Table 3.
- Example 20 ⁇ Production of isopropyl alcohol> Each test strain constructed in Example 19 was inoculated into a test tube containing 25 mL / L chloramphenicol and LB Broth, Miller culture solution (Difco244620) containing 100 mg / L ampicillin as a preculture. The culture was performed overnight at a culture temperature of 30 ° C. and 120 rpm. OD of preculture was measured, cells corresponding to OD3.0 were collected, suspended in 300 ⁇ l of 0.9% NaCl solution, 20 ⁇ l was suspended in 5% glucose, 25 mg / L chloramphenicol, 100 mg / L ampicillin.
- the amount of isopropyl alcohol produced at 48 hours was 4.8 g in the control strain (vec / atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd), 7.2 g in the mtk + mcl-introduced strain (MtkAB / atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd, ⁇ ggRxg / ggRxgg). It was 7.9 g.
- the amount of acetone produced at 48 hours was 0.1 g for the control strain (vec / atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd), 0.2 g for the mtk + mcl-introduced strain (MtkAB / atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd, ⁇ gg / gtk). It was 0.3 g. From this, it was found that the production of isopropyl alcohol and acetone was improved when glxR and glxK were introduced in addition to mtk and mcl.
- the yields of isopropyl alcohol and acetone with respect to 48 hours were 14.8% for the control strain (vec / atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd), 17.3% for the mtk + mcl-introduced strain (MtkAB / atoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd), glxR + glmTxk + x + g + k + x + g + k + x / AtoDAB ⁇ pgi ⁇ gntR ⁇ gnd) was 18.8%. From this, it was shown that introduction of glxR and glxK in addition to mtk and mcl improves the conversion efficiency of sugars to isopropyl alcohol and acetone.
- Example 21 ⁇ Production of Aspergillus niger strain for evaluation> From the genome of Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, the glucoamylase promoter region (GlaPr) and transcription termination region (GlaTt) genes were obtained by PCR by the method described in the literature (Plasmid, 2005; 53: 191-204).
- GaPr glucoamylase promoter region
- GaTt transcription termination region
- Methyl CoA lyase gene (SEQ ID NO: 41) from Methylococcus capsulatus ATCC 33009, malate thiokinase subunit ⁇ gene (SEQ ID NO: 28), and malate thiokinase subunit ⁇ gene (SEQ ID NO: 29) with appropriate SD sequences Amplified by the PCR method together with (Shinendalgarno sequence). The obtained amplified fragments were designed so that the coding region of each protein was sandwiched between the promoter region (GlaPr) and the transcription termination region (GlaTt), and inserted into the HindIII site of the plasmid pPTRII (Takara). The obtained plasmid was designated as pPTRII_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc).
- Rhodococcus josti NBRC16295 From the genome of Rhodococcus josti NBRC16295, the gene for 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase (glxR) (SEQ ID NO: 64) and the gene for glyoxylate carboligase (gcl) (SEQ ID NO: 65) with appropriate SD sequences Amplified by the PCR method.
- the obtained amplified fragment was designed so that the coding region of each protein was sandwiched between the promoter region (GlaPr) and the transcription termination region (GlaTt), and inserted into pPTRII_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc).
- the obtained plasmid was designated as pPTRII_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) _glxR (Rj) _gcl (Rj).
- Example 22 ⁇ Citric acid production test by Aspergillus niger>
- Aspergillus niger strains (AN / vec, AN / mtk_mcl, and AN / mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR) prepared in Example 21 were cultured at 30 ° C. using a medium containing a carbon source and Pyrithiamine hydrobromide, the control strain AN / vec and In comparison, AN / mtk_mcl and AN / mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR produce citric acid in higher yields.
- Example 23 ⁇ Production of Aspergillus tereus strain for evaluation>
- pPTRII, pPTRII_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) and pPTRII_mcl (Mc) _mtk (Mc) _glxR (Rj) _gcl (Rj) were used according to the instruction manual of pPTRII (Takara).
- Teleus NBRC6365 control strain of Aspergillus terreus (sometimes referred to as “AT / vec”), mtk + mcl introduced strain (sometimes referred to as “AT / mtk_mcl”), mtk + mcl + glxR + gcl introduced strain (“AT / mtk_mcl_gcl_gcl_gcl”) It was said that).
- Example 24 ⁇ Itaconic acid production test by Aspergillus tereus>
- Aspergillus terreus strains AT / vec, AT / mtk_mcl, and AT / mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR
- AT / mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR is used as a strain for evaluation, and carbonate, carbon dioxide gas or a reducing agent is supplied as an additive to the medium, and culture and analysis are performed in the same manner.
- the test plots for supplying carbonate, carbon dioxide gas or reducing agent to the additive show higher yields for sugars than the test plots for which no carbonate, carbon dioxide gas or reducing agent is supplied. That is, in a strain provided with a CO 2 fixation pathway, it is considered that the supply of carbonate, carbon dioxide gas or a reducing agent is effective in improving the sugar yield.
- Example 25 ⁇ Preparation of Capriavidas Necatol strain for evaluation>
- the malate thiokinase subunit ⁇ gene (SEQ ID NO: 28) derived from Methylococcus capsulatus ATCC 33009 and the malate thiokinase subunit ⁇ gene (SEQ ID NO: 29) were amplified together with appropriate SD sequences by PCR.
- the obtained amplified fragment was ligated to a broad host range vector pBBR1-MCS2 (GenBank accession number U23751) so as to be under the control of the lac promoter.
- the obtained plasmid was designated as pBBR-MCS2_mtk (Mc).
- pBBR1-MCS2 and pBBR-MCS2_mtk were used to transform Capriavidas nekatol JMP134 (DSM4058), and a Capriavidas nekatol control strain (sometimes referred to as “CP / vec”) and an mtk-introduced strain (“CP / vec”) mtk ”).
- Example 26 ⁇ Poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid production test by Capriavidas necatol>
- the evaluation strains (CP / vec and CP / mtk) prepared in Example 25 were cultured at 30 ° C. using a medium containing a carbon source and kanamycin, the mtk-introduced strain was compared with the control strain CP / vec.
- CP / mtk produces poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid in higher yields.
- the fixed carbonic acid was acetyl-CoA and poly-3. -Confirmed to be introduced into hydroxybutyric acid.
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Abstract
Description
[A4] 2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及びグリセリン酸3-キナーゼの酵素活性が強化された、[A1]~[A3]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[A6] 下記(f)、(g)、(h)、(i)、(j)、(k)、(l)及び(m)を含むアセチルCoA生産回路を有する、[A1]~[A5]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物:(f)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(g)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、(h)マレートチオキナーゼ、(i)マリルCoAリアーゼ、(j)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、(k)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼと、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(l)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼと、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ及びホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(m)エノラーゼ。
[A7] 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、腸内細菌科に属する微生物又はコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、[A1]~[A6]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[A8] 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌若しくはパントエア属細菌である腸内細菌科に属する微生物、又はコリネバクテリウム属細菌であるコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、[A1]~[A7]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
[A10] さらに、炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、二酸化炭素ガス及び還元剤からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種を、培養に用いる培地に供給する供給工程を含む、[A9]に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[A11] さらに、培養によって発生した二酸化炭素を含む気体を回収して、培養に用いる培地に該気体を供給する気体供給工程を含む、[A9]又は[A10]に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[A13] さらに、炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、二酸化炭素ガス及び還元剤からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種を、培養に用いる培地に供給する供給工程を含む、[A12]に記載のアセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物の生産方法。
[A14] さらに、培養によって発生した二酸化炭素を含む気体を回収して、培養に用いる培地に該気体を供給する気体供給工程を含む、[A12]又は[A13]に記載のアセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物の生産方法。
[A15] 前記アセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物が、イソプロピルアルコール、アセトン、又はグルタミン酸である、[A12]~[A14]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物の生産方法。
[A17] さらに、培養によって発生した二酸化炭素を含む気体を回収して、培養に用いる培地に該気体を供給する気体供給工程を含む、[A16]に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[A18] 前記アセチルCoA生産微生物が、ホスホエノールピルビン酸又はピルビン酸がオキサロ酢酸に変換され、オキサロ酢酸が、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼにより2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸に変換され、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸が2-ホスホグリセリン酸に変換され、2-ホスホグリセリン酸がホスホエノールピルビン酸に変換される、アセチルCoA生産回路を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物である、[A16]又は[A17]に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[A19] 前記アセチルCoA生産微生物が、下記(f)、(g)、(h)、(i)、(j)、(k)、(l)及び(m)を含むアセチルCoA生産回路を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物である、[A16]~[A18]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産方法:(f)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(g)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、(h)マレートチオキナーゼ、(i)マリルCoAリアーゼ、(j)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、(k)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼと、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(l)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼと、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ及びホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(m)エノラーゼ。
[A20] 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、腸内細菌科に属する微生物又はコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、[A16]~[A19]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[A21] 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌若しくはパントエア属細菌である腸内細菌科に属する微生物、又はコリネバクテリウム属細菌であるコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、[A16]~[A20]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[A23] [A16]~[A21]のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法により生産されたアセチルCoAを中間体として、アセチルCoA生産微生物がアセトンを生産する、アセトン生産方法。
[A24] [A16]~[A21]のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法により生産されたアセチルCoAを中間体として、アセチルCoA生産微生物がグルタミン酸を生産する、グルタミン酸生産方法。
[A25] [A1]~[A8]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物と、炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、前記接触により得られたイソプロピルアルコールを回収する回収工程と、を含むイソプロピルアルコール生産方法。
[A26] [A1]~[A8]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物と、炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、前記接触により得られたアセトンを回収する回収工程と、を含むアセトン生産方法。
[A27] [A1]~[A8]のいずれか1つに記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物と、炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、前記接触により得られたグルタミン酸を回収する回収工程と、を含むグルタミン酸生産方法。
[B2] アセチルCoAの生産能を有する、[B1]に記載の微生物。
[B3] さらに、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られた、[B1]又は[B2]に記載の微生物。
[B4] ホスホエノールピルビン酸又はピルビン酸が、オキサロ酢酸に変換され、オキサロ酢酸が、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼにより2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸に変換され、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸が2-ホスホグリセリン酸に変換され、2-ホスホグリセリン酸がホスホエノールピルビン酸に変換される、アセチルCoA生産回路を有する、[B1]~[B3]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物。
[B5] 下記(f2)、(g2)、(h2)、(i2)、(j2)、(k2)、(l2)及び(m2)を含むアセチルCoA生産回路を有する、[B1]~[B4]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物:(f2)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(g2)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、(h2)マレートチオキナーゼ、(i2)マリルCoAリアーゼ、(j2)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、(k2)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼと、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(l2)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼと、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ及びホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(m2)エノラーゼ。
[B6] 下記(a3)及び(b3)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの酵素反応と、下記(c3)、(d3)、(e3)、(f3)及び(g3)の酵素反応と、下記(h3)の酵素反応、下記(i3)、(j3)、(k3)及び(n3)の酵素反応、並びに下記(i3)、(j3)、(l3)、(m3)及び(n3)の酵素反応、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つと、を含む経路を有する、[B1]~[B5]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物:(a3)ホスホエノールピルビン酸からオキサロ酢酸への酵素反応、(b3)ピルビン酸からオキサロ酢酸への酵素反応、(c3)オキサロ酢酸からリンゴ酸への酵素反応、(d3)リンゴ酸からマリルCoAへの酵素反応、(e3)マリルCoAからグリオキシル酸及びアセチルCoAへの酵素反応、(f3)グリオキシル酸からグリシンへの酵素反応、(g3)グリシンからセリンへの酵素反応、(h3)セリンからピルビン酸への酵素反応、(i3)セリンから3-ヒドロキシピルビン酸への酵素反応、(j3)3-ヒドロキシピルビン酸からグリセリン酸への酵素反応、(k3)グリセリン酸から2-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応、(l3)グリセリン酸から3-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応、(m3)3-ホスホグリセリン酸から2-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応、(n3)2-ホスホグリセリン酸からホスホエノールピルビン酸への酵素反応。
[B7] 下記(a4)及び(b4)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの酵素と、下記(c4)、(d4)、(e4)、(f4)及び(g4)の酵素と、下記(h4)の酵素、下記(i4)、(j4)、(k4)及び(n4)の酵素、並びに下記(i4)、(j4)、(l4)、(m4)及び(n4)の酵素、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つと、を有する、[B1]~[B6]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物:(a4)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、(b4)ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、(c4)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、(d4)マレートチオキナーゼ、(e4)マリルCoAリアーゼ、(f4)グリシントランスアミナーゼ、(g4)グリシン開裂系及びセリンヒドロキシメチルトランスフェラーゼ、(h4)セリンデヒドラターゼ、(i4)セリントランスアミナーゼ、(j4)ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼ、(k4)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ、(l4)グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ、(m4)ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ、(n4)エノラーゼ。
[B8] 前記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)、(d2)及び(e2)のいずれも有していない微生物が、アスペルギルス・ニガー、アスペルギルス・テレウス又はカプリアビダス・ネカトールである、[B1]~[B7]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物。
[B9] [B1]~[B8]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物と、炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、前記接触により得られた目的生産物を回収する回収工程と、を含む、アセチルCoA生産方法。
[B10] さらに、炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、二酸化炭素ガス及び還元剤からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種を、培養に用いる培地に供給する供給工程を含む、[B9]に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[B11] さらに、培養によって発生した二酸化炭素を含む気体を回収して、培養に用いる培地に該気体を供給する気体供給工程を含む、[B9]又は[B10]に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
[B12] [B1]~[B8]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からクエン酸を生産することを含む、クエン酸生産方法。
[B13] [B1]~[B8]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からイタコン酸を生産することを含む、イタコン酸生産方法。
[B14] [B1]~[B8]のいずれか1つに記載の微生物を用いて、炭素源材料から(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸を生産することを含む、(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸生産方法。
本明細書において「工程」との語は、独立した工程だけではなく、他の工程と明確に区別できない場合であってもその工程の所期の目的が達成されれば、本用語に含まれる。
本明細書において「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値及び最大値として含む範囲を示す。
本発明において、組成物中の各成分の量について言及する場合、組成物中に各成分に該当する物質が複数存在する場合には、特に断らない限り、組成物中に存在する当該複数の物質の合計量を意味する。
第一の発明に係るアセチルCoA生産微生物は、下記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物に、下記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)のいずれも付与せず、又は下記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)の1つ以上を付与してもその機能を発揮させずに、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られたアセチルCoA生産回路を有する微生物であって、ピルビン酸キナーゼ、ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ、ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼ、グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ、ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ及びエノラーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性が強化され、且つ/又は、リンゴ酸酵素及びフマル酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性が不活化又は低減されたアセチルCoA生産微生物である。
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(e)マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
第二の発明に係る微生物は、下記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)、(d2)及び(e2)のいずれも有していない微生物に、下記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)及び(d2)のいずれも付与せず、又は下記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)及び(d2)の1つ以上を付与してもその機能を発揮させずに、マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られた、アスペルギルス属菌又はカプリアビダス属菌の微生物である。
(b2)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(c2)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(d2)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(e2)マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
本明細書において「経路」とは、発酵槽内における、酵素反応及び/又は自発的な化学反応による、1連の反応を指す。経路は回路であってもよく、回路でなくてもよい。したがって、炭酸固定経路には炭酸固定回路が包含される。
本発明における酵素活性の「不活化」とは、既存のあらゆる測定系によって測定された酵素活性が、不活化前の微生物での酵素活性を100としたときの1/10以下である状態を指す。
本発明における酵素活性の「低減」とは、酵素をコードする遺伝子に対して遺伝子組換え技術により処理を行った際、その処理を行う前の状態よりも有意に酵素活性が低下している状態を指す。
本発明において「宿主」は、1個又は複数個の遺伝子が外部から導入された結果、その遺伝子の機能を発揮しうる状態になる。
第一の発明に係るアセチルCoA生産微生物は、前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物に、前記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)のいずれも付与せず、又は前記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)の1つ以上を付与してもその機能を発揮させずに、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られたアセチルCoA生産回路を有する微生物であって、ピルビン酸キナーゼ、ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ、ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼ、グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ、ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ及びエノラーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性が強化され、且つ/又は、リンゴ酸酵素及びフマル酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性が不活化又は低減されたアセチルCoA生産微生物である。
(f)ピルビン酸キナーゼ(Pyk)及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ(Pyc)と、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ(Ppc)と、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ(Pck)と、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ。
(g)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(Mdh)。
(h)マレートチオキナーゼ(Mtk)。
(i)マリルCoAリアーゼ(Mcl)。
(j)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ(Gcl)。
(k)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ(GlxR)と、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ(Hyi)及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼ(YcdW)と、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ。
(l)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ(GarK)と、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ(GlxK)及びホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ(Gpm)と、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ。
(m)エノラーゼ(Eno)。
(b3)ピルビン酸からオキサロ酢酸への酵素反応。
(c3)オキサロ酢酸からリンゴ酸への酵素反応。
(d3)リンゴ酸からマリルCoAへの酵素反応。
(e3)マリルCoAからグリオキシル酸及びアセチルCoAへの酵素反応。
(f3)グリオキシル酸からグリシンへの酵素反応。
(g3)グリシンからセリンへの酵素反応。
(h3)セリンからピルビン酸への酵素反応。
(i3)セリンから3-ヒドロキシピルビン酸への酵素反応。
(j3)3-ヒドロキシピルビン酸からグリセリン酸への酵素反応。
(k3)グリセリン酸から2-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応。
(l3)グリセリン酸から3-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応。
(m3)3-ホスホグリセリン酸から2-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応。
(n3)2-ホスホグリセリン酸からホスホエノールピルビン酸への酵素反応。
前記(b3)としては、例えば、ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(c3)としては、例えば、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(d3)としては、例えば、マレートチオキナーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(e3)としては、例えば、マリルCoAリアーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(f3)としては、例えば、グリシントランスアミナーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(g3)としては、例えば、グリシン開裂系及びセリンヒドロキシメチルトランスフェラーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(h3)としては、例えば、セリンデヒドラターゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(i3)としては、例えば、セリントランスアミナーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(j3)としては、例えば、ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(k3)としては、例えば、グリセリン酸2-キナーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(l3)としては、例えば、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(m3)としては、例えば、ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
前記(n3)としては、例えば、エノラーゼを介した酵素反応が挙げられる。
セリンからピルビン酸への変換が、3-ヒドロキシピルビン酸を経由して変換する酵素反応(前記(i3)及びその下流を含む反応)である場合、グリセリン酸から2-ホスホグリセリン酸への変換は、グリセリン酸から直接的に変換する酵素反応(前記(k3)の反応)でも、3-ホスホグリセリン酸を経由して変換する酵素反応(前記(l3)及び(m3)を含む反応)でも、いずれでもよい。
(b4)ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ。
(c4)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ。
(d4)マレートチオキナーゼ。
(e4)マリルCoAリアーゼ。
(f4)グリシントランスアミナーゼ。
(g4)グリシン開裂系及びセリンヒドロキシメチルトランスフェラーゼ。
(h4)セリンデヒドラターゼ。
(i4)セリントランスアミナーゼ。
(j4)ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼ。
(k4)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ。
(l4)グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ。
(m4)ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ。
(n4)エノラーゼ。
前記アセチルCoAを消費する酵素とは、アセチルCoAを基質として別の物質と変換する酵素を指し、例えばアセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼ、ピルビン酸シンターゼが挙げられる。前記アセチルCoAを消費する酵素を回路中に有しないとは、アセチルCoAを消費する酵素によりアセチルCoAが、回路を経由して再びアセチルCoAへと戻るような、閉じた回路になっていないことを指す。なお、アセチルCoAを消費する酵素により変換された物質が、アセチルCoAに戻ることなく別の生産物へと変換される場合(例えば、グルタミン酸生産経路で、最終産物としてグルタミン酸に変換される場合)、閉じた回路ではないため、「アセチルCoAを消費する酵素を含む回路」には含まれない。閉じた回路とは、回路上の任意の物質から開始して、該回路を経由して別の物質へと変換され、最終的に最初と同じ物質へと変換される回路を指す。
アセチルCoAカルボキシラーゼは、酵素番号6.4.1.2に分類され、アセチルCoAとCO2からマロニルCoAへと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
ピルビン酸シンターゼは、酵素番号1.2.7.1に分類され、アセチルCoAをピルビン酸へと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
したがって、図1の回路の収支は、ホスホエノールピルビン酸を出発物質とする場合、「ホスホエノールピルビン酸+2CoA+CO2+3NAD(P)H+3ATP→2アセチルCoA+3NAD(P)++3ADP」である。ピルビン酸を出発物質とする場合、「ピルビン酸+2CoA+CO2+3NAD(P)H+4ATP→2アセチルCoA+3NAD(P)++4ADP」である。
すなわち、図1の回路は、CO2を固定してアセチルCoAへと変換する際、ホスホエノールピルビン酸(又はピルビン酸)、NAD(P)H及びATPの供給を必要とする。
マレートチオキナーゼ(Mtk)、グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ(GarK)、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ(GlxK)及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ(Pyc)は、ATPを消費する。アンモニアが代謝系に取り込まれる際、ATPが消費される場合もある。ピルビン酸キナーゼ(Pyk)は、ATPを生産する。
したがって、図2の経路の収支は、ホスホエノールピルビン酸を出発物質とする場合、「ホスホエノールピルビン酸+2CoA+CO2+3NAD(P)H+3~5ATP→2アセチルCoA+3NAD(P)++3~5ADP」である。ピルビン酸を出発物質とする場合、「ピルビン酸+2CoA+CO2+3NAD(P)H+4~6ATP→2アセチルCoA+3NAD(P)++4~6ADP」である。
エシェリヒア属細菌のうち、例えば大腸菌(Escherichia coli)は、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリシントランスアミナーゼを保有していないので、少なくとも、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリシントランスアミナーゼを付与すればよい。
パントエア属細菌、例えばパントエア・アナナティスは、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリシントランスアミナーゼを保有していないので、少なくとも、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリシントランスアミナーゼを付与すればよい。
コリネ型細菌のうち、例えばコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムは、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼを保有していないので、少なくとも、マレートチオキナーゼと、マリルCoAリアーゼと、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼと、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及び/又はヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼを付与すればよい。
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路。
(e)マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。
(1)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.1に示された、アセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、プロピオニルCoA、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(2)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.4Aに示された、アセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、マロン酸セミアルデヒド、β-アラニン、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(3)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.4B、16又は18に示された、アセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、(R)-乳酸又は(S)-乳酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(4)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.8に示された、アセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、マロン酸セミアルデヒド又はヒドロキシプロピオン酸、ピルビン酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(5)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.9A、9B又は9Cに示された、アセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、2-ケトグルタル酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(6)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.9D又は9Fに示された、アセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、ヒドロキシプロピオン酸、メチルマロニルCoA、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(7)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.17に示された、アセチルCoAがマロニルCoA、マロン酸セミアルデヒド又はヒドロキシプロピオン酸、メチルマロニルCoA、ピルビン酸、オキサロ酢酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(8)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.1に示された、アセチルCoAがピルビン酸、ホスホエノールピルビン酸、オキサロ酢酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(9)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.7C、7D又は7Eに示された、アセチルCoAがピルビン酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
(10)国際公開第2011/099006号のFIG.9Mに示された、アセチルCoAがピルビン酸、2-ケトグルタル酸、リンゴ酸、マリルCoAを経由し、再びアセチルCoAに変換される回路。
上記のクロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの変換を触媒するのがクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼ-レダクターゼ又はメチルクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼである。クロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼ-レダクターゼは、炭酸塩に対するKmが高く(14mM。Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007; 104(25): 10631-10636)、低濃度域での活性が見込めない。また、基質であるクロトニルCoAは3-ヒドロキシブチリルCoAから脱水反応により生産されるが、このような酵素は通常水中環境下だと逆反応の水和反応が優勢であるため、十分な速度が見込めない。また、メチルクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼは、報告されている比活性がそれほど高くない(0.2~0.6U/mg。Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1994; 310(1): 64-75)上に、上記同様、基質であるクロトニルCoAの生産に十分な速度が見込めないという問題もある。
上記のCO2からギ酸への酵素反応は強い還元力が必要で、反応が遅い上に、酸素に弱いため極端な嫌気条件下でないと反応が進行しない。
マロニルCoAレダクターゼは、マロニルCoAをマロン酸セミアルデヒド若しくは3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸へと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
ピルビン酸シンターゼは、酵素番号1.2.7.1に分類され、アセチルCoAをピルビン酸へと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
クロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼ-レダクターゼは、酵素番号1.3.1.85に分類され、クロトニルCoAをエチルマロニルCoAへと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
メチルクロトニルCoAカルボキシラーゼは、酵素番号6.4.1.4に分類され、クロトニルCoAをグルタコニルCoAへと変換する酵素の総称を指す。
・パントエア・アナナティスAJ13355(FERM BP-6614)(欧州特許出願公開0952221号明細書)
・パントエア・アナナティスAJ13356(FERM BP-6615)(欧州特許出願公開0952221号明細書)
これらの菌株は、欧州特許出願公開0952221号明細書にはエンテロバクター・アグロメランスとして記載されているが、現在では、上記のとおり、16S rRNAの塩基配列解析などにより、パントエア・アナナティスに再分類されている。
例えば、コリネバクテリウム・アセトアシドフィラム、コリネバクテリウム・アセトグルタミカム、コリネバクテリウム・アルカノリティカム、コリネバクテリウム・カルナエ、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム、コリネバクテリウム・リリウム、コリネバクテリウム・メラセコーラ、コリネバクテリウム・サーモアミノゲネス、コリネバクテリウム・ハーキュリス、ブレビバクテリウム・ディバリカタム、ブレビバクテリウム・フラバム、ブレビバクテリウム・インマリオフィラム、ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタム、ブレビバクテリウム・ロゼウム、ブレビバクテリウム・サッカロリティカム、ブレビバクテリウム・チオゲニタリス、コリネバクテリウム・アンモニアゲネス、ブレビバクテリウム・アルバム、ブレビバクテリウム・セリヌム、ミクロバクテリウム・アンモニアフィラムが挙げられる。
コリネバクテリウム・アセトアシドフィラムATCC13870、コリネバクテリウム・アセトグルタミカムATCC15806、コリネバクテリウム・アルカノリティカムATCC21511、コリネバクテリウム・カルナエATCC15991、コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムATCC13020、13032、13060、コリネバクテリウム・リリウムATCC15990、コリネバクテリウム・メラセコーラATCC17965、コリネバクテリウム・サーモアミノゲネスAJ12340(FERM BP-1539)、コリネバクテリウム・ハーキュリスATCC13868、ブレビバクテリウム・ディバリカタムATCC14020、ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムATCC13826、ATCC14067、AJ12418(FERM BP-2205)、ブレビバクテリウム・インマリオフィラムATCC14068、ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタム(コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム)ATCC13869、ブレビバクテリウム・ロゼウムATCC13825、ブレビバクテリウム・サッカロリティカムATCC14066、ブレビバクテリウム・チオゲニタリスATCC19240、ブレビバクテリウム・アンモニアゲネスATCC6871、ATCC6872、ブレビバクテリウム・アルバムATCC15111、ブレビバクテリウム・セリヌムATCC15112及びミクロバクテリウム・アンモニアフィラムATCC15354を包含する。
本発明に係るアセチルCoA生産微生物であって、イソプロピルアルコール生産経路を有する微生物は、例えば、イソプロピルアルコール生産経路を有する微生物を宿主として、本発明のアセチルCoA生産微生物を構築して得られる、又は、本発明のアセチルCoA生産微生物においてイソプロピルアルコール生産経路に関する酵素の遺伝子を付与又は強化することによって得られる。以下、イソプロピルアルコール生産経路を有する微生物を「イソプロピルアルコール生産微生物」と称する場合があり、イソプロピルアルコール生産経路を有する大腸菌(Escherichia coli)を「イソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌」と称する場合がある。
好ましい態様の一例は、エシェリヒア属細菌に、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性、及びイソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性が付与又は強化されたアセチルCoA生産微生物である。該微生物により、イソプロピルアルコールが効率よく生産される。
好ましい態様の別の一例は、エシェリヒア属細菌に、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、及びアセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性が付与又は強化されたアセチルCoA生産微生物である。該微生物により、アセトンが効率よく生産される。
(i)グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Pgi)活性、グルコース-6-リン酸-1-デヒドロゲナーゼ(Zwf)活性及びホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(Gnd)活性の野生型の維持。
(ii)グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Pgi)活性の不活化と、グルコース-6-リン酸-1-デヒドロゲナーゼ(Zwf)活性の強化。
(iii)グルコース-6-リン酸イソメラーゼ(Pgi)活性の不活化と、グルコース-6-リン酸-1-デヒドロゲナーゼ(Zwf)活性の強化と、ホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(Gnd)活性の不活化。
本発明に係るアセチルCoA生産微生物は、アセチルCoAを中間体としてグルタミン酸を生産する各種経路を有していてもよく、又は当該経路に関連する酵素活性を強化していてもよい。
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ3949(FERMBP-2632;特開昭50-113209号公報)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11628(FERM P-5736;特開昭57-065198号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11355(FERM P-5007;特開昭56-1889号公報)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11368(FERM P-5020;特開昭56-1889号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11217(FERM P-4318;特開昭57-2689号公報)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11218(FERM P-4319;特開昭57-2689号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11564(FERM P-5472;特開昭56-140895号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11439(FERM P-5136;特開昭56-35981号公報)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムH7684(FERM BP-3004;特開平04-88994号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタムAJ11426(FERM P-5123;特開平56-048890号公報)
・コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムAJ11440(FERM P-5137;特開平56-048890号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・ラクトファーメンタムAJ11796(FERM P-6402;特開平58-158192号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバムAJ11576(FERM BP-10381;特開昭56-161495号公報)
・ブレビバクテリウム・フラバム AJ12212(FERM P-8123;特開昭61-202694号公報)
第一の発明に係るアセチルCoA生産方法、及びアセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物の生産方法は、第一の発明に係るアセチルCoA生産微生物と炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、前記接触により得られた目的生産物(アセチルCoA、又はアセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物)を回収する回収工程と、を含む。アセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物としては、例えば、アセトン、イソプロピルアルコール、グルタミン酸が挙げられる。本発明において、アセチルCoA、及びアセチルCoAを中間体とする代謝産物を「目的生産物」と総称することがある。
植物由来材料とアセチルCoA生産微生物との接触密度は、アセチルCoA生産微生物の活性によって異なるが、一般に、培地中の植物由来材料の濃度として、グルコース換算で初発の糖濃度を混合物(アセチルCoA生産微生物及び炭素源材料を含む混合物)の全質量に対して20質量%以下としてよく、アセチルCoA生産微生物の耐糖性の観点から、初発の糖濃度を15質量%以下とすることが好ましい。この他の各成分は、微生物の培地に通常添加される量で添加されればよく、特に制限されない。
また、培地1L当たりの炭酸イオン及び/又は炭酸水素イオンの全供給量は5mol以下であることが好ましい。培地1L当たりの全供給量が、5mol以下であれば培養工程において菌体に使用されない炭酸イオンや炭酸水素イオンが多量に生じるおそれが低い。培地1L当たりの炭酸イオン及び/又は炭酸水素イオンの全供給量は、より好ましくは3mol以下であり、更に好ましくは2mol以下である。
また、二酸化炭素濃度は、好ましくは75v/v%以下であり、より好ましくは50v/v%以下であり、更に好ましくは25v/v%以下である。
本発明のイソプロピルアルコール生産方法及びアセトン生産方法は、アセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料から、それぞれ目的生産物であるイソプロピルアルコール又はアセトンを生産することを含む。即ち、本発明のイソプロピルアルコール生産方法及びアセトン生産方法は、アセチルCoA生産微生物と炭素源材料とを接触させて培養する培養工程と、前記接触により得られた目的生産物(イソプロピルアルコール又はアセトン)を回収する回収工程と、を含む。
アセトン生産方法において用いられるアセチルCoA生産微生物としては、アセチルCoA生産微生物の好ましい一態様として前述した、チオラーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性及びアセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性を有するものが、アセトンの生産効率の観点から好ましい。
本発明のグルタミン酸生産方法は、アセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料から、目的生産物であるグルタミン酸を生産することを含む。即ち、本発明のグルタミン酸生産方法は、アセチルCoA生産微生物と炭素源材料とを接触させて培養する培養工程と、前記接触により得られた目的生産物(グルタミン酸)を回収する回収工程と、を含む。
本発明のクエン酸生産方法、イタコン酸生産方法、(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸生産方法は、アセチルCoA生産微生物を用いて、炭素源材料から、それぞれの目的生産物(クエン酸、イタコン酸、又は(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸)を生産することを含む。即ち、本発明のクエン酸生産方法、イタコン酸生産方法、(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸生産方法は、アセチルCoA生産微生物と炭素源材料とを接触させて培養する培養工程と、前記接触により得られた目的生産物(クエン酸、イタコン酸、又は(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸)を回収する回収工程と、を含む。
エシェリヒア・コリB(ATCC11303)は、ATCCから入手できる。
メチロコッカス・キャプスラタスATCC33009のゲノムDNA(ATCC33009D-5)は、ATCCから入手できる。
コリネバクテリウムDSM1412は、DSMZ(German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures)から入手できる。
ロドコッカス・ジョスティNBRC16295は、NBRC(独立行政法人製品評価技術基盤機構バイオテクノロジー本部生物遺伝資源部門)から入手できる。
アスペルギルス・ニガーATCC1015は、ATCCから入手できる。
アスペルギルス・テレウスNBRC6365は、NBRCから入手できる。
カプリアビダス・ネカトールJMP134(DSM4058)は、DSMZから入手できる。
<プラスミドpMWGKCの作製>
GAPDHプロモーターを取得するため、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655のゲノムDNAをテンプレートとし、CGAGCTACATATGCAATGATTGACACGATTCCG(配列番号42)及びCGCGCGCATGCTATTTGTTAGTGAATAAAAGG(配列番号43)をプライマーに用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素NdeI及びSphIで消化することで約110bpのGAPDHプロモーターにあたるDNAフラグメントを得た。このDNAフラグメントと、プラスミドpBR322(GenBank accession number J01749)を制限酵素NdeI及びSphIで消化することで得られるフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、50μg/mLアンピシリンを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーを50μg/mLアンピシリンを含むLB液体培地にて37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、プラスミドpBRgapPを得た。
<メチロコッカス・キャプスラタスATCC33009由来mtk及びmcl発現プラスミドpMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)の構築>
メチロコッカス・キャプスラタスのゲノムDNAを鋳型として、GGAATTCCATATGGCTGTTAAAAATCGTCTAC(配列番号52)及びGCTCTAGATCAGAATCTGATTCCGTGTTC(配列番号53)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、メチロコッカスのmcl-mtkフラグメントを得た。mcl-mtkフラグメントをNdeIとXbaIで切断し得られたフラグメントと、実施例1で作製したプラスミドpMWGKCをNdeIとXbaIで切断して得られたフラグメントとを連結した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセルに形質転換し、25μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーを25μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含むLB液体培地にて30℃で一晩培養し、得られたプラスミドをpMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)と命名した。
<プラスミドpCASETの作製>
pHSG298(Takara)をテンプレートとし、CGCCTCGAGTGACTCATACCAGGCCTG(配列番号54)及びCGCCTCGAGGCAACACCTTCTTCACGAG(配列番号55)をプライマーに用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素XhoIで消化し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、25μg/mLカナマイシンを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、pHSG298にXhoIの認識配列が挿入されたプラスミドをpHSG298-XhoIと命名した。
<メチロコッカス・キャプスラタス由来mtk及びmcl発現プラスミドpCASET_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)の構築>
pMWGKC_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)(メチロコッカス・キャプスラタス由来mcl及びmtkを含む遺伝子)を鋳型として、GGAATTCACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGGCTGTCAAGAACCGTCTAC(配列番号59)及びCGAATTCTCAGAATCTGATTCCGTGTTCCTG(配列番号60)のプライマーペアでPCRを実施し、メチロコッカスのmcl-mtkを含むDNA断片を得た。配列番号59及び配列番号60のプライマーは5’末端側にEcoRI認識部位を有している。
<コリネバクテリウム用mtk、mcl、gcl及びglxR発現プラスミドの構築>
ロドコッカス・ジョスティNBRC16295をNBRCの培地番号802で培養し、DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit(株式会社キアゲン)を用いてゲノムDNAを得た。このゲノムDNAを鋳型として、CGAGCTCAAGCTTACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGAGCACCATTGCATTCATCGG(配列番号61)CGGGATCCCTAGTCCAGCAGCATGAGAG(配列番号62)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、ロドコッカスのglxR-gclフラグメントを得た(配列番号63)。
<プラスミドpMWCBLの作製>
実施例1で作製したpMWGKCをテンプレートとし、ATCGATCTCGAGTTACCCGTCTTACTGTCAGATCTAG(配列番号68)及びATCGATCTCGAGGCCTGTTGATGATACCGCTGCCTTA(配列番号69)をプライマーに用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素XhoIで消化し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、10μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、pMWGKCにXhoIの認識配列が挿入されたプラスミドをpMWGKC-XhoIと命名した。
<コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムATCC13032由来pyc発現プラスミドpMWCBL_pycの構築>
既に公開されているコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムATCC13032由来ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ遺伝子の塩基配列(GenBank accession number BA000036 GI:21323455)を参考にして、AAGCGAGCTCACAAAAAGGATAAAACAATGTCGACTCACACATCTTCA(配列番号73)及びATACATGCATGCTTAGGAAACGACGACGATCAA(配列番号74)のプライマーを2種合成した。配列番号73のプライマーは5’末端側にSacI認識部位を、配列番号74のプライマーは5’末端側にSphI認識部位をそれぞれ有している。
<評価用のコリネバクテリウム・グルタミカム株の構築>
コリネバクテリウム・グルタミカムDSM1412(「CG株」ということがある。)を宿主として、実施例3、5、及び7で構築したプラスミドを用いて、エレクトロポレーション法で形質転換した。それぞれの株は15μg/mLカナマイシン及び/又は10μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含むLB寒天培地に塗布し、生育する株を評価用株とした。それらの株を表2にまとめた。
<mtk、mcl、gcl及びglxR遺伝子を付与したコリネバクテリウム株の評価>
実施例8で構築したCG/vec1及びCG/mtk_mcl/gcl_glxRを、それぞれ15μg/mLカナマイシンを含む2mLのLB液体培地により、30℃且つ280rpmの条件で、十分な生育がみられるまで培養した。その後、100mLの羽根つき三角フラスコに、20g/Lグルコース及び15μg/mLカナマイシンを含む10mlのコリネバクテリウム用最小培地{30g/L(NH4)2SO4、3g/L Na2HPO4、6g/L KH2PO4、2g/L NaCl、84mg/L CaCl2、3.9mg/L FeCl3、0.9mg/L ZnSO4・7H2O、0.3mg/L CuCl2・H2O、5.56mg/L MnSO4・5H2O、0.1mg/L (NH4)6MO7O24・4H2O、0.3mg/L Na2B4O7・10H2O、0.4g/L MgSO4・7H2O、40mg/L FeSO4・7H2O、500μg/L Vitamine B1・HCl、0.1g/L EDTA、10μg/L Biotin}を調製し、前述のLB液体培地による培養液を1mL添加して、十分な増殖がみられるまで1日~4日間培養し、前培養液とした。前培養液から、遠心分離(5000rpm、5分間)により菌体を回収した。
(対糖収率)=(生成グルタミン酸量(g))÷(消費グルコース量(g))
<mtk、mcl、gcl及びglxR遺伝子付与ならびにpyc遺伝子増強コリネバクテリウム株の評価>
実施例8で構築したCG/mtk_mcl/gcl_glxR/vec2及びCG/mtk_mcl/gcl_glxR/pycを評価用株として用い、培地に添加する抗生物質に15μg/mLカナマイシン及び10μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを用いる以外は参考例1と同様の方法で培養及び分析を行う。分析の結果、pyc増強株(CG/mtk_mcl/gcl_glxR/pyc)は、対照株(CG/mtk_mcl/gcl_glxR/vec2)よりも高い対糖収率を示す。すなわち、CO2固定経路が付与されたコリネバクテリウム株では、pyc遺伝子の増強が対糖収率の向上において効果的であると考えられる。
<亜硫酸ナトリウムを添加した条件でのグルタミン酸生産評価>
実施例8で構築したCG/mtk_mcl/gcl_glxRを評価用株として、25μg/mLカナマイシンを含むLB培地に植菌して、30℃で2日間培養した。その後、100μLの培養液を、25μg/mLカナマイシンを含む直径9cmのLBプレートに塗布し、30℃で2日間培養した。プレートの1/8の面積の菌をかきとり、20μg/L Biotineを含む5mLのコリネ株用の最小培地{60g/L グルコース、30g/L (NH4)2SO4、1g/L KH2PO4、0.4g/L MgSO4・7H2O、0.01g/L FeSO4・7H2O、0.01g/L MnSO4・5H2O、200μg/L Thiamine・HCl、5.1g/L Soytone(Bacto)、25μg/mLカナマイシン、pH8.0}に植菌し、0.25gの炭酸カルシウムとともに、125mLのバッフル付き三角フラスコ中で、31.5℃、270rpmで1日培養して、前培養液とした。
前培養液0.25mLを、5mLのコリネ株用の最小培地に植菌し、さらに終濃度5g/Lとなるよう亜硫酸ナトリウム(還元剤)を供給して、0.25gの炭酸カルシウムとともに、125mLのバッフル付き三角フラスコ中で、31.5℃、270rpmで2日間培養して、本培養液とした。
上記の亜硫酸ナトリウムを供給した試験区を「亜硫酸ナトリウム供給試験区」とした。また、対照試験として、亜硫酸ナトリウムを無添加とした以外は上記と同じ手順で、「亜硫酸ナトリウム無添加試験区」も準備した。
また、培養液のOD620nmを測定したところ、予想外なことに、亜硫酸ナトリウム無添加試験区で50だったODが、亜硫酸ナトリウム供給試験区では29であったことから、菌体量の増加を抑える効果があることも確認された。菌体量の増加を抑えることができれば、廃菌体処理のコストを抑えることができる。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化株の作製>
エシェリヒア・コリMG1655のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number U00096)、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655のCoAトランスフェラーゼαサブユニットをコードする遺伝子(以下「atoD」ということがある)の塩基配列も報告されている。すなわちatoDはGenBank accession number U00096に記載のエシェリヒア・コリMG1655ゲノム配列の2321469~2322131に記載されている。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化/pgi遺伝子欠失株の作製>
エシェリヒア・コリMG1655のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number U00096)、エシェリヒア・コリのホスホグルコースイソメラーゼをコードする遺伝子(pgi)の塩基配列も報告されている(GenBank accession number X15196)。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化/pgi遺伝子欠失/gntR遺伝子欠失株の作製>
エシェリヒア・コリB株のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number CP000819)、転写抑制因子GntRをコードする遺伝子の塩基配列はGenBank accession number CP000819に記載のエシェリヒア・コリB株ゲノム配列の3509184~3510179に記載されている。
<エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDゲノム強化/pgi遺伝子欠失/gntR遺伝子欠失/gnd遺伝子欠失株の作製>
ホスホグルコン酸デヒドロゲナーゼをコードする遺伝子(gnd)の近傍領域をクローニングするため、CGCCATATGAATGGCGCGGCGGGGCCGGTGG(配列番号93)、TGGAGCTCTGTTTACTCCTGTCAGGGGG(配列番号94)、TGGAGCTCTCTGATTTAATCAACAATAAAATTG(配列番号95)、及びCGGGATCCACCACCATAACCAAACGACGG(配列番号96)のプライマー4種を合成した。配列番号93のプライマーは5’末端側にNdeI認識部位を有し、配列番号94及び配列番号95のプライマーは5’末端側にSacI認識部位を有し、配列番号96のプライマーは5’末端側にBamHI認識部位を有している。
<プラスミドpIazの作製>
クロストリジウム属細菌の、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼはGenBank accession number M55392に、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼはGenBank accession number AF157307に記載されている。
<プラスミドpMWGC2及びpMWGKC2の作製>
GAPDHプロモーターを取得するため、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655のゲノムDNAをテンプレートとし、CTACTAGTCTGTCGCAATGATTGACACGATTCCG(配列番号103)及びGCTCGAATTCCCATATGTTCCACCAGCTATTTGTTAGTGAATAAAAGG(配列番号104)をプライマーに用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素EcoRIで消化し、T4 Polynucleotide Kinaseで末端をリン酸化することで、GAPDHプロモーターを含むDNAフラグメントを得た。
<メチロコッカス・キャプスラタスATCC33009由来mtk及びmcl発現プラスミドpMWGC2_mtk(Mc)_mcl及びpMWGKC2_mtk(Mc)_mclの構築>
メチロコッカス・キャプスラタスのゲノムDNA(ATCC33009D-5)を鋳型として、GGAATTCCATATGGCTGTTAAAAATCGTCTAC(配列番号52)及びGCTCTAGATCAGAATCTGATTCCGTGTTC(配列番号53)をプライマーとしてPCRを実施し、メチロコッカスのmcl-mtkフラグメントを得た。mcl-mtkフラグメントをNdeIとXbaIで切断し得られたフラグメントと、実施例16で作製したプラスミドpMWGC2又はpMWGKC2をNdeIとXbaIで切断して得られたフラグメントとを連結した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセルに形質転換し、25μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーを25μg/mLクロラムフェニコールを含むLB液体培地にて30℃で一晩培養し、地にて30℃で一晩培養し、得られたプラスミドをそれぞれpMWGC2_mtk(Mc)_mcl、pMWGKC2_mtk(Mc)_mclと命名した。
<glxR及びglxK発現プラスミドの構築>
エシェリヒア・コリ由来の2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ遺伝子(glxR)を所得するためにエシェリヒア・コリB株のゲノムDNA(GenBank accession number CP000819)をテンプレートとし、GCTCTAGACGGAGAAAGTCTTATGAAACTGGGATTTATTGGC(配列番号105)及びAACTGCAGTCAGGCCAGTTTATGGTTAG(配列番号106)をプライマーに用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素XbaI及びPstIで消化することで約900bpのglxRフラグメントを得た。エシェリヒア・コリ由来のグリセリン酸3-キナーゼ遺伝子(glxK)を所得するためにエシェリヒア・コリB株のゲノムDNA(GenBank accession number CP000819)をテンプレートとし、AACTGCAGCGGAGAAAGTCTTATGAAGATTGTCATTGCGCCA(配列番号107)及びGGAATTCAAGCTTTCAGTTTTTAATTCCCTGACC(配列番号108)をプライマーに用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素PstI及びHindIIIで消化することで約1100bpのglxKフラグメントを得た。得られたglxRのフラグメント及びglxKのフラグメントと、実施例17で構築したプラスミドpMWGC2_mtk(Mc)_mclをXbaIとHindIIIで切断したものとを混合し、glxR及びglxKをプラスミドpMWGC2_mtk(Mc)_mclのマレートチオキナーゼ(mtk)配列の下流に連結した。得られたプラスミドをpMWGC2_mtk(Mc)_mcl_glxR_glxKと命名した。
<mtk及びmcl導入イソプロピルアルコール生産atoDゲノム強化/pgi遺伝子欠失/gntR遺伝子欠失/gnd遺伝子欠失株の作製>
実施例14で作製した株(B::atoDABΔpgiΔgntRΔgnd株)のコンピテントセルに、実施例15で作製したプラスミドpIazと、実施例16~18で作製したプラスミドのいずれかを形質転換し、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB寒天培地に塗布し生育させ株を得た。それらの株を表3にまとめた。
<イソプロピルアルコールの生産>
前培養として25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB Broth,Miller培養液(Difco244620)2mLを入れた試験管に、実施例19で構築した各評価用株を植菌し、一晩、培養温度30℃、120rpmで培養を行った。前培養のODを測定し、OD3.0相当の細胞を回収し、0.9% NaCl溶液300μlに懸濁し、20μlを、5%グルコース、25mg/Lのクロラムフェニコール、100mg/Lのアンピシリンを含むLB Broth,Miller培養液20mLを入れた100mL容のバッフル付フラスコに植菌し、培養温度30℃、120rpmで48時間、培養を行った。菌体培養液をサンプリングし、遠心操作によって菌体を除いた後、得られた培養上清中のイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)、アセトン及び主な副産物(コハク酸等の有機酸)の蓄積量をHPLCで定法に従って測定した。結果を表4及び表5に示した。
48時間におけるアセトンの生産量は、対照株(vec/atoDABΔpgiΔgntRΔgnd)では0.1gであり、mtk+mcl導入株(MtkAB/atoDABΔpgiΔgntRΔgnd)では0.2gであり、glxR+glxK+mtk+mcl導入株(MtkAB,glxR,glxK/atoDABΔpgiΔgntRΔgnd)では0.3gであった。
このことから、mtk及びmclに加えてglxR及びglxKを導入した方がイソプロピルアルコール及びアセトンの生産量が向上することがわかった。
<評価用のアスペルギルス・ニガー株の作製>
アスペルギルス・ニガーATCC1015のゲノムから、文献(Plasmid, 2005; 53: 191-204)に記載の方法で、グルコアミラーゼのプロモーター領域(GlaPr)と転写終結領域(GlaTt)の遺伝子をPCRで取得した。
<アスペルギルス・ニガーによるクエン酸生産試験>
実施例21で作製したアスペルギルス・ニガー株(AN/vec、AN/mtk_mcl、及びAN/mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR)を、炭素源及びPyrithiamine hydrobromideを含む培地を用い30℃で培養させると、対照株のAN/vecと比較して、AN/mtk_mcl及びAN/mtk_mcl_gcl_glxRでは、より高い収率でクエン酸が生産される。13Cラベル化された炭酸水素ナトリウムを用いて培養し、中間体であるアセチルCoA及び最終産物であるクエン酸における13C含量を調べることで、固定された炭酸がアセチルCoA及びクエン酸に導入されていることが確認される。
<評価用のアスペルギルス・テレウス株の作製>
実施例21と同様の方法で、pPTRII、pPTRII_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)及びpPTRII_mcl(Mc)_mtk(Mc)_glxR(Rj)_gcl(Rj)を用い、pPTRII(Takara)の取扱説明書に従い、アスペルギルス・テレウスNBRC6365を形質転換し、アスペルギルス・テレウスの対照株(「AT/vec」ということがある)、mtk+mcl導入株(「AT/mtk_mcl」ということがある)、mtk+mcl+glxR+gcl導入株(「AT/mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR」ということがある)を作製した。
<アスペルギルス・テレウスによるイタコン酸生産試験>
実施例23で作製したアスペルギルス・テレウス株(AT/vec、AT/mtk_mcl、及びAT/mtk_mcl_gcl_glxR)を、炭素源及びPyrithiamine hydrobromideを含む培地を用い30℃で培養させると、対照株のAT/vecに比較して、AT/mtk_mcl及びAT/mtk_mcl_gcl_glxRでは、より高い収率でイタコン酸が生産される。13Cラベル化された炭酸水素ナトリウムを用いて培養し、中間体であるアセチルCoA及び最終産物であるイタコン酸における13C含量を調べることで、固定された炭酸がアセチルCoA及びイタコン酸に導入されていることが確認される。
<評価用のカプリアビダス・ネカトール株の作製>
メチロコッカス・キャプスラタスATCC33009由来のマレートチオキナーゼのサブユニットα遺伝子(配列番号28)、及びマレートチオキナーゼのサブユニットβ遺伝子(配列番号29)を、適切なSD配列とともにPCR法にて増幅した。得られた増幅断片を、広宿主域ベクターpBBR1-MCS2(GenBank accession number U23751)に、lacプロモーターの支配下になるように連結した。得られたプラスミドをpBBR-MCS2_mtk(Mc)と命名した。
<カプリアビダス・ネカトールによるポリ3-ヒドロキシ酪酸生産試験>
実施例25で作製した評価用株(CP/vec及びCP/mtk)を、炭素源及びカナマイシンを含む培地を用い30℃で培養させると、対照株のCP/vecと比較して、mtk導入株のCP/mtkでは、より高い収率でポリ3-ヒドロキシ酪酸が生産される。13Cラベル化された炭酸水素ナトリウムを用いて培養し、中間体であるアセチルCoA及び最終産物であるポリ3-ヒドロキシ酪酸における13C含量を調べることで、固定された炭酸がアセチルCoA及びポリ3-ヒドロキシ酪酸に導入されていることが確認される。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (32)
- 下記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物に、下記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)のいずれも付与せず、又は下記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)の1つ以上を付与してもその機能を発揮させずに、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られたアセチルCoA生産回路を有する微生物であって、
ピルビン酸キナーゼ、ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼ、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ、ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼ、グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ、ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ及びエノラーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性が強化され、且つ/又は、リンゴ酸酵素及びフマル酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性が不活化又は低減されたアセチルCoA生産微生物:
(a)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e)マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。 - ホスホエノールピルビン酸又はピルビン酸がオキサロ酢酸に変換され、
オキサロ酢酸が、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼにより2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸に変換され、
2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸が2-ホスホグリセリン酸に変換され、
2-ホスホグリセリン酸がホスホエノールピルビン酸に変換される、アセチルCoA生産回路を有する、請求項1に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。 - 下記(f)、(g)、(h)、(i)、(j)、(k)、(l)及び(m)を含むアセチルCoA生産回路を有する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物:
(f)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(g)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、
(h)マレートチオキナーゼ、
(i)マリルCoAリアーゼ、
(j)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、
(k)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼと、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(l)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼと、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ及びホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(m)エノラーゼ。 - 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、腸内細菌科に属する微生物又はコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌若しくはパントエア属細菌である腸内細菌科に属する微生物、又はコリネバクテリウム属細菌であるコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物。
- 請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物と、炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、
前記接触により得られた目的生産物を回収する回収工程と、
を含む、アセチルCoA生産方法。 - さらに、炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、二酸化炭素ガス及び還元剤からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種を、培養に用いる培地に供給する供給工程を含む、請求項6に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
- さらに、培養によって発生した二酸化炭素を含む気体を回収して、培養に用いる培地に該気体を供給する気体供給工程を含む、請求項6又は請求項7に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
- 下記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物に、下記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)のいずれも付与せず、又は下記(a)、(b)、(c)及び(d)の1つ以上を付与してもその機能を発揮させずに、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られたアセチルCoA生産回路を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物を培養する培養工程と、
全供給量が150mmol/L以上の炭酸イオン又は炭酸水素イオン、平均気泡径が100μm以上である二酸化炭素ガス、及び全供給量が0.01g/L以上50g/L以下の亜硫酸ナトリウムからなる群より選択された少なくとも1つを、培養に用いる培地に供給する供給工程と、
を含むアセチルCoA生産方法:
(a)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e)マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。 - さらに、培養によって発生した二酸化炭素を含む気体を回収して、培養に用いる培地に該気体を供給する気体供給工程を含む、請求項9に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
- 前記アセチルCoA生産微生物が、
ホスホエノールピルビン酸又はピルビン酸がオキサロ酢酸に変換され、オキサロ酢酸が、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼにより2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸に変換され、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸が2-ホスホグリセリン酸に変換され、2-ホスホグリセリン酸がホスホエノールピルビン酸に変換される、アセチルCoA生産回路を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物である、請求項9又は請求項10に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。 - 前記アセチルCoA生産微生物が、下記(f)、(g)、(h)、(i)、(j)、(k)、(l)及び(m)を含むアセチルCoA生産回路を有するアセチルCoA生産微生物である、請求項9~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法:
(f)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(g)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、
(h)マレートチオキナーゼ、
(i)マリルCoAリアーゼ、
(j)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、
(k)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼと、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(l)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼと、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ及びホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(m)エノラーゼ。 - 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、腸内細菌科に属する微生物又はコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、請求項9~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
- 前記(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)及び(e)のいずれも有していない微生物が、エシェリヒア属細菌若しくはパントエア属細菌である腸内細菌科に属する微生物、又はコリネバクテリウム属細菌であるコリネ型細菌に属する微生物である、請求項9~請求項13のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
- 請求項9~請求項14のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法により生産されたアセチルCoAを中間体として、アセチルCoA生産微生物がイソプロピルアルコールを生産する、イソプロピルアルコール生産方法。
- 請求項9~請求項14のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法により生産されたアセチルCoAを中間体として、アセチルCoA生産微生物がアセトンを生産する、アセトン生産方法。
- 請求項9~請求項14のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法により生産されたアセチルCoAを中間体として、アセチルCoA生産微生物がグルタミン酸を生産する、グルタミン酸生産方法。
- 請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のアセチルCoA生産微生物と、炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、
前記接触により得られたグルタミン酸を回収する回収工程と、
を含むグルタミン酸生産方法。 - 下記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)、(d2)及び(e2)のいずれも有していない微生物に、下記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)及び(d2)のいずれも付与せず、又は下記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)及び(d2)の1つ以上を付与してもその機能を発揮させずに、マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られたアスペルギルス属菌又はカプリアビダス属菌である微生物:
(a2)マロニルCoAからマロン酸セミアルデヒド又は3-ヒドロキシプロピオン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(b2)アセチルCoAとCO2からピルビン酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(c2)クロトニルCoAとCO2からエチルマロニルCoA又はグルタコニルCoAへの酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(d2)CO2からギ酸への酵素反応を有する炭酸固定回路、
(e2)マレートチオキナーゼ及びマリルCoAリアーゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種。 - アセチルCoAの生産能を有する、請求項19に記載の微生物。
- さらに、グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の酵素活性を付与することにより得られた、請求項19又は請求項20に記載の微生物。
- ホスホエノールピルビン酸又はピルビン酸が、オキサロ酢酸に変換され、
オキサロ酢酸が、マレートチオキナーゼ、マリルCoAリアーゼ及びグリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼにより2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸に変換され、
2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸が2-ホスホグリセリン酸に変換され、
2-ホスホグリセリン酸がホスホエノールピルビン酸に変換される、アセチルCoA生産回路を有する、請求項19~請求項21のいずれか1項に記載の微生物。 - 下記(f2)、(g2)、(h2)、(i2)、(j2)、(k2)、(l2)及び(m2)を含むアセチルCoA生産回路を有する、請求項19~請求項22のいずれか1項に記載の微生物:
(f2)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(g2)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、
(h2)マレートチオキナーゼ、
(i2)マリルCoAリアーゼ、
(j2)グリオキシル酸カルボリガーゼ、
(k2)2-ヒドロキシ-3-オキソプロピオン酸レダクターゼと、ヒドロキシピルビン酸イソメラーゼ及びヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(l2)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼと、グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ及びホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(m2)エノラーゼ。 - 下記(a3)及び(b3)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの酵素反応と、
下記(c3)、(d3)、(e3)、(f3)及び(g3)の酵素反応と、
下記(h3)の酵素反応、下記(i3)、(j3)、(k3)及び(n3)の酵素反応、並びに下記(i3)、(j3)、(l3)、(m3)及び(n3)の酵素反応、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つと、
を含む経路を有する、請求項19~請求項23のいずれか1項に記載の微生物:
(a3)ホスホエノールピルビン酸からオキサロ酢酸への酵素反応、
(b3)ピルビン酸からオキサロ酢酸への酵素反応、
(c3)オキサロ酢酸からリンゴ酸への酵素反応、
(d3)リンゴ酸からマリルCoAへの酵素反応、
(e3)マリルCoAからグリオキシル酸及びアセチルCoAへの酵素反応、
(f3)グリオキシル酸からグリシンへの酵素反応、
(g3)グリシンからセリンへの酵素反応、
(h3)セリンからピルビン酸への酵素反応、
(i3)セリンから3-ヒドロキシピルビン酸への酵素反応、
(j3)3-ヒドロキシピルビン酸からグリセリン酸への酵素反応、
(k3)グリセリン酸から2-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応、
(l3)グリセリン酸から3-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応、
(m3)3-ホスホグリセリン酸から2-ホスホグリセリン酸への酵素反応、
(n3)2-ホスホグリセリン酸からホスホエノールピルビン酸への酵素反応。 - 下記(a4)及び(b4)からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの酵素と、
下記(c4)、(d4)、(e4)、(f4)及び(g4)の酵素と、
下記(h4)の酵素、下記(i4)、(j4)、(k4)及び(n4)の酵素、並びに下記(i4)、(j4)、(l4)、(m4)及び(n4)の酵素、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つと、
を有する、請求項19~請求項24のいずれか1項に記載の微生物:
(a4)ピルビン酸キナーゼ及びピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼと、ホスホエノールピルビン酸カルボキシキナーゼと、からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つ、
(b4)ピルビン酸カルボキシラーゼ、
(c4)リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、
(d4)マレートチオキナーゼ、
(e4)マリルCoAリアーゼ、
(f4)グリシントランスアミナーゼ、
(g4)グリシン開裂系及びセリンヒドロキシメチルトランスフェラーゼ、
(h4)セリンデヒドラターゼ、
(i4)セリントランスアミナーゼ、
(j4)ヒドロキシピルビン酸レダクターゼ、
(k4)グリセリン酸2-キナーゼ、
(l4)グリセリン酸3-キナーゼ、
(m4)ホスホグリセリン酸ムターゼ、
(n4)エノラーゼ。 - 前記(a2)、(b2)、(c2)、(d2)及び(e2)のいずれも有していない微生物が、アスペルギルス・ニガー、アスペルギルス・テレウス又はカプリアビダス・ネカトールである、請求項19~請求項25のいずれか1項に記載の微生物。
- 請求項19~請求項26のいずれか1項に記載の微生物と、炭素源材料とを接触させて培養を行う培養工程と、
前記接触により得られた目的生産物を回収する回収工程と、
を含む、アセチルCoA生産方法。 - さらに、炭酸イオン、炭酸水素イオン、二酸化炭素ガス及び還元剤からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種を、培養に用いる培地に供給する供給工程を含む、請求項27に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
- さらに、培養によって発生した二酸化炭素を含む気体を回収して、培養に用いる培地に該気体を供給する気体供給工程を含む、請求項27又は請求項28に記載のアセチルCoA生産方法。
- 請求項19~請求項26のいずれか1項に記載の微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からクエン酸を生産することを含む、クエン酸生産方法。
- 請求項19~請求項26のいずれか1項に記載の微生物を用いて、炭素源材料からイタコン酸を生産することを含む、イタコン酸生産方法。
- 請求項19~請求項26のいずれか1項に記載の微生物を用いて、炭素源材料から(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸を生産することを含む、(ポリ)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸生産方法。
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See also references of EP2949751A4 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2949751B1 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
KR101714943B1 (ko) | 2017-03-09 |
TW201439324A (zh) | 2014-10-16 |
PH12015501387B1 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
MY172023A (en) | 2019-11-12 |
CN104718292A (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
TWI642783B (zh) | 2018-12-01 |
PH12015501387A1 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
KR20150041802A (ko) | 2015-04-17 |
EP2949751A1 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
US9828618B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
EP2949751A4 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
CN104718292B (zh) | 2019-09-10 |
US20150232903A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
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