WO2014112351A1 - 水素生成装置及び燃料電池システム - Google Patents
水素生成装置及び燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014112351A1 WO2014112351A1 PCT/JP2014/000114 JP2014000114W WO2014112351A1 WO 2014112351 A1 WO2014112351 A1 WO 2014112351A1 JP 2014000114 W JP2014000114 W JP 2014000114W WO 2014112351 A1 WO2014112351 A1 WO 2014112351A1
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- hydrodesulfurizer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/245—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside placed in series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
- B01J8/0461—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
- B01J8/0465—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being concentric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
- B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
- B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
- B01J2208/00176—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles outside the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00389—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
- B01J2208/00407—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements outside the reactor bed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00389—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
- B01J2208/00415—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements electric resistance heaters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2219/00132—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
- C01B2203/067—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells the reforming process taking place in the fuel cell
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/127—Catalytic desulfurisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
- C01B2203/84—Energy production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrogen generator and a fuel cell system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hydrogen generator equipped with a hydrodesulfurizer and a fuel cell system.
- Patent document 1 discloses a desulfurizer that removes sulfur from fuel gas, a reformer that generates hydrogen, a carbon monoxide converter that converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, and a fuel cell power generation facility that includes a fuel cell body
- the concentric double cylindrical container, the desulfurizer is housed in the inner container of the cylindrical container, the carbon monoxide transformer is housed in the outer container, and a heat insulating material is filled in the gap
- Disclosed is a fuel cell power generation facility in which heating heaters are attached to opposite side walls of the outer container and the inner container.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the carbon monoxide transformer according to the first embodiment of Patent Document 1.
- the carbon monoxide transformer 10 forms a catalyst layer 11 filled with catalyst particles between both walls formed by a concentric double cylindrical inner wall 16a and a cylindrical outer wall 16b, and the desulfurizer 17 is a concentric double cylinder.
- a catalyst layer is provided between both walls formed by the outer wall 20 and the desulfurizer outlet pipe 24 and is filled with a catalyst.
- Heater heaters 14a and 14b for heating the catalyst layer 11 are spirally wound on the inner side of the cylindrical inner wall 16a and the outer side of the cylindrical outer wall 16b, and a heat insulating heat insulating material 15 is provided on the inner side and the outer side to transform carbon monoxide.
- the entire vessel 10 is kept warm.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the performance of heating a desulfurizer in a hydrogen generator and a fuel cell system equipped with a desulfurizer as compared with the conventional one.
- One aspect of the hydrogen generator according to the present invention is a hydrogen-containing gas using a hydrodesulfurizer having a cylindrical first wall for removing sulfur compounds in the raw material, and a raw material supplied from the hydrodesulfurizer.
- a hydrodesulfurizer having a cylindrical first wall for removing sulfur compounds in the raw material, and a raw material supplied from the hydrodesulfurizer.
- a cylindrical second wall provided coaxially with the first wall so as to face the first wall
- An electric heater provided in an annular shape in the gap between the first wall and the second wall while being folded back in the axial direction.
- One aspect of a fuel cell system according to the present invention includes the above hydrogen generator and a fuel cell that generates electric power using a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the first embodiment.
- 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 1A.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the first example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the first example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the first example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic vertical sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a second example of the first embodiment.
- 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ and a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B ′ in FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 7A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electric heater according to a second example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the second example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic vertical sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a third example of the first embodiment.
- 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ and a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B ′ in FIG. 8A.
- FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electric heater according to a third example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the third example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a fourth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electric heater according to a fourth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the fourth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12A is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a fifth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12B is a conceptual diagram showing an operation mechanism of the electric heater in the fifth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the carbon monoxide transformer according to the first embodiment of Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG.
- a fuel cell system is a reformer that generates hydrogen-containing gas from natural gas or LPG, which is a general raw material infrastructure, when the hydrogen-containing gas used as fuel for power generation is not maintained as a general raw material infrastructure
- LPG natural gas
- a steam reforming reaction is typically used.
- city gas as a raw material and steam are reacted at a high temperature of about 600 ° C. to 700 ° C. using a noble metal-based reforming catalyst such as Ni-based or Ru-based, so that hydrogen is mainly used.
- a noble metal-based reforming catalyst such as Ni-based or Ru-based, so that hydrogen is mainly used.
- source gases such as city gas may contain sulfur compounds. Sulfur compounds are often poisoned by catalysts, especially reforming catalysts, and should be removed in some way.
- hydrodesulfurization As a method for removing sulfur compounds, there is hydrodesulfurization in which hydrogen is added to a raw material and sulfur compounds are removed by a chemical reaction using a catalyst. In order to efficiently remove sulfur compounds by hydrodesulfurization, it is necessary to keep the catalyst at an optimum temperature for the reaction, for example, a high temperature of about 200 ° C to 300 ° C. For this reason, when starting the apparatus, it is necessary to heat the catalyst from the outside. As a heating means, an electric heater may be provided outside the hydrodesulfurizer.
- the central axis direction of the first wall formed in a cylindrical shape is the vertical direction, but the relationship between the first wall and the vertical direction when the hydrogen generator is actually installed. Is not particularly limited.
- the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment generates a hydrogen-containing gas using a hydrodesulfurizer having a cylindrical first wall that removes sulfur compounds in the raw material and a raw material supplied from the hydrodesulfurizer.
- a reformer a cylindrical second wall provided coaxially with the first wall so as to face the first wall, while extending in the axial direction of the first wall while extending in the axial direction of the first wall,
- An electric heater provided in an annular shape in the gap between the first wall and the second wall.
- the performance of heating the desulfurizer can be improved as compared with the conventional one.
- the hydrogen generator may include a reactor that requires heating, and the second wall may be a reactor wall.
- both the hydrodesulfurizer and the reactor requiring heating can be heated by the electric heater provided in the gap.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the first embodiment.
- 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ of FIG. 1A. In FIG. 1B, the upper half is not shown.
- the hydrogen generator 100 of the first embodiment includes a hydrodesulfurizer 3 having a first wall 21, a reformer 4, a second wall 22, and an electric heater 6. .
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 removes sulfur compounds in the raw material. More specifically, the hydrodesulfurizer 3 removes sulfur compounds in the raw material by a hydrogenation reaction.
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 can be configured by filling a vessel with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst.
- the hydrodesulfurization catalyst includes, for example, a CoMo-based catalyst that converts a sulfur compound in a raw material into hydrogen sulfide, and a ZnO-based catalyst and a CuZn-based catalyst that are provided downstream thereof and adsorb the converted hydrogen sulfide. It can be composed of at least one of the catalysts.
- the hydrodesulfurization catalyst is not limited to this example.
- the hydrodesulfurization catalyst may be composed of only a CuZn-based catalyst having both a function of converting a sulfur compound into hydrogen sulfide and a function of adsorbing hydrogen sulfide.
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 is arranged on the outer periphery of the reformer 4 so as to be able to transfer heat in an annular shape.
- the outer shell of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 may be made of a metal such as stainless steel, for example.
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 is supplied with hydrogen necessary for hydrodesulfurization.
- the hydrogen source include a hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the reformer 4, a gas containing unused hydrogen discharged from a hydrogen-using device that uses the hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the reformer 4, hydrogen A cylinder or the like can be used.
- the raw material is, for example, a raw material containing an organic compound having at least carbon and hydrogen as constituent elements.
- Specific examples of the raw material include natural gas, city gas, hydrocarbons such as LPG and LNG, and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol.
- City gas refers to gas supplied from a gas company to households through piping.
- the sulfur compound may be artificially added to the raw material as an odorous component, or may be a natural sulfur compound derived from the raw material itself.
- TBM tertiary-butylmercaptan
- DMS dimethyl sulfide
- THT tetrahydrothiophene
- COS carbonyl sulfide
- hydrogen sulfide hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulfide), etc.
- the first wall 21 is cylindrical.
- the cylindrical shape does not necessarily need to be a completely closed cylindrical shape, and a part thereof may be missing.
- the 1st wall 21 is cylindrical shape in the example shown in FIG.
- the first wall 21 may have a rectangular tube shape.
- the first wall 21 can be made of a metal having high heat conductivity such as stainless steel, for example.
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 may be cylindrical. Specifically, for example, the hydrodesulfurizer 3 may have a cylindrical shape or a rectangular tube shape. Other members such as a reformer and a transformer may be arranged inside the hydrodesulfurizer 3 along the central axis of the cylindrical hydrodesulfurizer 3. In this case, the hydrodesulfurizer 3 can also be called annular.
- the first wall 21 may be a wall that separates the inside of the hydrodesulfurizer from the outside of the hydrodesulfurizer.
- the reformer 4 generates a hydrogen-containing gas using the raw material supplied from the hydrodesulfurizer 3. Specifically, for example, in the reformer 4, the raw material gas undergoes a reforming reaction to generate a hydrogen-containing gas.
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 4 is supplied to a hydrogen utilization device (not shown) through a hydrogen supply path.
- the outer shell of the reformer 4 may be made of a metal such as stainless steel, for example.
- the reforming reaction may be any reforming reaction, specifically, steam reforming reaction, autothermal reaction, and partial oxidation reaction.
- a steam reforming reaction is used as the reforming reaction, the reforming reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the reforming catalyst needs to be at a high temperature (eg, 600 to 700 ° C.).
- the second wall 22 is cylindrical and is provided coaxially with the first wall 21 so as to face the first wall 21. With the coaxial, the central axes do not necessarily have to coincide completely, and it is sufficient if the cylindrical first wall 21 and the cylindrical second wall 22 are configured to face each other at each portion.
- the cylindrical shape does not necessarily need to be a completely closed cylindrical shape, and a part thereof may be missing.
- the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 may be configured such that one surrounds the other. That is, the second wall 22 may be configured to surround the first wall 21, or the first wall 21 may be configured to surround the second wall 22.
- the second wall 22 is cylindrical in the example shown in FIG.
- the second wall 22 may have a rectangular tube shape.
- the second wall 22 can be made of a metal having high heat conductivity such as stainless steel, for example.
- the second wall 22 is the wall of the transformer 5.
- the second wall 22 may be a reactor wall that requires heating. Examples of the reactor that requires heating include a transformer, a reformer, and a CO reducer. That is, the second wall 22 may be a wall of at least one reactor selected from the group consisting of a transformer, a reformer, and a CO reducer.
- the second wall 22 may be a wall that separates the inside of the reactor that requires heating from the outside of the reactor.
- the electric heater 6 is provided in an annular shape in the gap 7 between the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 while extending in the axial direction of the first wall 21 while extending in the axial direction of the first wall 21.
- the axial direction is a direction parallel to the Z-Z ′ axis.
- the size of the gap 7 can be, for example, 3 mm to 10 mm.
- the electric heater 6 may be in contact with both the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 in a certain part, or may be in contact with only one of the first wall 21 and the second wall 22.
- the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 may not be in contact with each other.
- the electric heater 6 is configured to generate heat when, for example, electric power is supplied from the outside of the hydrogen generator 100 and to heat the hydrodesulfurizer 3. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the electric heater 6 heats the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and simultaneously heats the transformer 5.
- the axial direction of the first wall 21 may be the axial direction of the hydrodesulfurizer 3.
- the hydrogen generator 100 may be cylindrical as a whole. In this case, the axial direction of the first wall 21 may be the axial direction of the hydrogen generator 100. A portion extending in the axial direction of the first wall 21 may be linear.
- the electric heater 6 may be configured to surround the hydrodesulfurizer 3.
- the electric heater 6 may be made of a wire, for example.
- the cross section of the wire is not particularly limited, and may be circular, elliptical, annular, or rectangular.
- the electric heater 6 can be, for example, a sheath heater.
- the thickness of the electric heater 6 can be set to 1 mm to 5 mm, for example. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the electric heater 6 goes around the first wall 21, but the electric heater 6 may go around the first wall 21 a plurality of times.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater according to the first embodiment.
- the electric heater 6 has a gap 7 between a first wall 21 that forms the outer wall of the annular hydrodesulfurizer 3 and a second wall 22 that forms the inner wall of the annular transformer 5. It is arranged.
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the transformer 5 have the same upper and lower end surfaces.
- the electric heater 6 enters the gap 7 from above the hydrogen generator 100 and extends straight downward as it is, folded back upward at the lower end of the hydrodesulfurizer 3, extended linearly upward, and the hydrodesulfurizer. 3 is configured to be folded downward at the upper end portion.
- the electric heater 6 repeatedly turns up and down at the lower end and the upper end of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and finally comes out to extend upward from the gap 7.
- the electric heater 6 includes a plurality of axially extending portions 64 and a plurality of axially folding portions 65.
- the sheet-like electric heater 6 can be formed by continuously forming the axially extending portion 64 and the axially folded portion 65 by alternately repeating them.
- the obtained sheet-like electric heater 6 can be rolled into an annular shape and inserted into the gap 7.
- the electric heater 6 may be rounded after being formed into a sheet shape, or may be formed into an annular shape from the beginning. In the example shown in FIG. 3, it can be said that the electric heater 6 is formed in a serpentine shape.
- the portion where the electric heater 6 turns back is not necessarily the lower end and the upper end of the hydrodesulfurizer 3.
- a plurality of electric heaters 6 may be provided.
- two electric heaters 6 may be provided, one of which may be disposed corresponding to the upper half of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the other may be disposed corresponding to the lower half of the hydrodesulfurizer 3.
- two electric heaters 6 may be provided, one being arranged corresponding to the right half of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the other being arranged corresponding to the left half of the hydrodesulfurizer 3.
- the electric heater 6 is folded nine times, but the number of times of folding is not particularly limited. There may be one electric heater 6.
- the hydrogen generator 100 may further include an air supply device (not shown) that supplies air to the reformer.
- a CO reducer for reducing carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas produced by the reformer 4 may be provided downstream of the reformer 4.
- the CO reducer may include at least one of a transformer that reduces carbon monoxide by a shift reaction and a CO remover that reduces carbon monoxide by at least one of an oxidation reaction and a methanation reaction. Good.
- a transformer 5 is provided as a CO reducer.
- the transformer 5 is provided on the outer periphery of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and reduces carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the transformer 5 is arranged on the outer periphery of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 so as to be able to transfer heat in an annular manner, and shifts carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas generated by the reformer 4. Reduced by reaction.
- the shifter 5 is filled with a shift catalyst.
- a shift catalyst for example, a CuZn-based catalyst can be used.
- the outer shell of the transformer 5 may be made of a metal such as stainless steel, for example.
- a CO remover that further reduces carbon monoxide by at least one of an oxidation reaction and a methanation reaction may be provided downstream of the transformer 5.
- the second wall 22 is the wall of the transformer 5.
- the transformer 5 is not essential.
- the reformer 4 is disposed at the center
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 is disposed around the reformer 4
- the transformer 5 is disposed further around the hydrodesulfurizer 3.
- a hydrodesulfurizer may be arranged in the innermost shape in a cylindrical shape
- a transformer may be arranged around the hydrodesulfurizer.
- the transformer may be arranged on the innermost side as a cylindrical shape, and a hydrodesulfurizer may be arranged around the transformer.
- the two reactors of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the transformer 5 and the electric heater 6 are in linear contact mainly in the axial direction. Therefore, compared with the case where the electric heater is spirally wound, the adhesion between each reactor and the electric heater is improved, and the heat utilization efficiency by heat conduction can be improved.
- the two reactors of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the transformer 5 can be simultaneously heated with the same electric heater. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a heater for each container, and the manufacturing cost for the electric heater can be reduced.
- the raw material is supplied to the hydrodesulfurizer 3 from a raw material supply path (not shown).
- a part of the hydrogen-containing gas discharged from the reformer 4 is added to the raw material flowing through the raw material supply path.
- the raw material to which hydrogen has been added is supplied to the inside of the hydrodesulfurizer 3, and sulfur compounds in the raw material are removed by a reaction in the presence of a hydrodesulfurization catalyst. Thereafter, the desulfurized raw material is supplied to the reformer 4 through a raw material discharge path (not shown).
- a hydrogen-containing gas is generated from the raw material by a reforming reaction.
- the hydrogen-containing gas generated in the reformer 4 is supplied to the transformer 5 except for the amount added to the raw material.
- carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas is reduced by the shift reaction.
- the hydrogen-containing gas with reduced carbon monoxide is supplied to a hydrogen utilization device (not shown).
- the electric heater disposed in the gap 7 between the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the shifter 5 operates when the hydrogen generator 100 is started, and the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the shifter 5 are connected to the hydrodesulfurization catalyst and the shift catalyst.
- the temperature is raised to an appropriate temperature (for example, 250 ° C. to 300 ° C.) at which the water works.
- the hydrogen generator of the first example is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment and includes a reactor that requires heating, the second wall is the wall of the reactor, and the electric heater is the first wall. A first portion configured to contact the second wall, and a second portion configured to contact the second wall.
- the electric heater may be configured such that the distance from the central axis of the first wall to the electric heater changes at a location where the first portion and the second portion are switched.
- a transformer will be described as an example of the reactor.
- FIG. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the first example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the first example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the first example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 5B.
- the hydrogen generator 110 of this example is the same as the hydrogen generator 100 described in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the configuration of the electric heater 6 is further specified. Accordingly, components common to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the linear portion of the heater includes a first portion 61 that contacts the first wall 21 and a second portion 62 that contacts the second wall 22.
- the diameter R1 of the first portion 61 is configured to be smaller than the diameter R2 of the second portion 62. Yes.
- the distance R1 from the central axis of the first wall 21 to the first portion 61 is second from the central axis of the first wall 21. It is smaller than the distance R2 to the portion 62.
- the first portion 61 and the second portion 62 may be alternately arranged. In this case, the number of the first portions 61 and the number of the second portions 62 may be equal. In such a configuration, the electric heater 6 heats the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 equally. In the example shown in FIG. 4, since the first wall 21 is the wall of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the second wall is the wall of the transformer 5, the electric heater 6 includes the hydrodesulfurizer 3, the transformer 5, and the like. Heat equally.
- the diameter of the annular electric heater 6 is changed at the switching portion 63 where the first portion 61 and the second portion 62 are switched.
- the distance from the central axis of the first wall 21 to the electric heater 6 is changed at the switching point 63 where the first portion 61 and the second portion 62 are switched.
- the first portion 61 and the second portion 62 are both portions 64 extending in the axial direction.
- the switching portion 63 where the first portion 61 and the second portion 62 are switched has elasticity (spring property).
- spring property By utilizing this elasticity (spring property), in the configuration illustrated in FIG. 4, the first portion 61 can be pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the second portion 62 can be pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the transformer 5. it can. As a result, the adhesion between the electric heater 6 and each container can be further enhanced, and the heat utilization efficiency is improved.
- the switching location 63 matches the portion 65 folded back in the axial direction shown in FIG. 4, but the switching location 63 matches the portion 65 folded back in the axial direction as will be described later. It does not have to be.
- the gap 7 between the two containers is made larger than the thickness (diameter) of the electric heater, it is easy to insert the electric heater 6 into the gap 7 at the time of assembly and work efficiency is improved. Moreover, even if there is some variation in the size of the gap 7, the electric heater 6 itself has elasticity (spring property), so that the adhesion between the electric heater 6 and each reactor can be ensured. Therefore, the heat utilization efficiency is improved, and the trouble of managing the size of the gap 7 can be saved.
- the hydrogen generator of the second example is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment and includes a reactor that requires heating, the second wall is the wall of the reactor, and the electric heater is the first wall.
- a point comprising a first part configured to contact the second wall and a second part configured to contact the second wall, and the electric heater at a location where the first part and the second part are switched. The point that the distance from the central axis of the first wall to the electric heater can be changed is the same as in the first embodiment.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 in that the first portion and the second portion are formed in the portion 64 extending in a single axial direction.
- the reactor is a transformer
- FIG. 6A is a vertical cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a second example of the first embodiment. 6B, the left side is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 6A (the right part is omitted), and the right side is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B ′ of FIG. 6A (the left part is omitted).
- FIG. 7A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electric heater according to a second example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the second example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 7B.
- the hydrogen generator 120 of this example is the same as the hydrogen generator 100 described in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the configuration of the electric heater 6 is further specified. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 6 and 7 are given the same reference numerals and names, and detailed descriptions thereof are omitted.
- a linear portion (portion 64 extending in the axial direction) of the electric heater 6 includes a first portion 61 that contacts the first wall 21 and a second portion 62 that contacts the second wall 22.
- the diameter R ⁇ b> 1 of the first portion 61 is configured to be smaller than the diameter R ⁇ b> 2 of the second portion 62. Yes.
- the distance R1 from the central axis of the first wall 21 to the first portion 61 is second from the central axis of the first wall 21. It is smaller than the distance R2 to the portion 62.
- the first portion 61 is formed at the upper portion and the second portion 62 is formed at the lower portion.
- the 1st part 61 may be formed in the lower part, and the 2nd part 62 may be formed in the upper part.
- the first part 61 and the second part are connected at a switching point 63.
- the first portion 61 is formed at the upper portion and the second portion 62 is formed at the lower portion in all the portions 64 extending in the axial direction of the electric heater 6. It is not a thing. Specifically, for example, the first part 61 is formed in the upper part, the second part 62 is formed in the lower part, the first part 61 is formed in the lower part, and the second part 62 is formed in the upper part. And may be formed alternately.
- the hydrogen generator of the third example is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment and includes a reactor that requires heating, the second wall is the wall of the reactor, and the electric heater is the first wall.
- a point comprising a first part configured to contact the second wall and a second part configured to contact the second wall, and the electric heater at a location where the first part and the second part are switched. The point that the distance from the central axis of the first wall to the electric heater can be changed is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator of the third embodiment is the same as the second embodiment in that the first portion and the second portion are formed in a single axially extending portion 64.
- two first portions and one second portion are formed in a single axially extending portion 64, which is different from the second embodiment shown in FIGS. Is different.
- the reactor is a transformer
- FIG. 8A is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a third example of the first embodiment.
- the left side is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A ′ of FIG. 8A (the right part is omitted), and the right side is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B ′ of FIG.
- FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electric heater according to a third example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 9B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the third example of the first embodiment.
- 9A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 9B.
- the hydrogen generator 130 of this example is the same as the hydrogen generator 100 described in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the configuration of the electric heater 6 is further specified. Therefore, components common to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIGS. 8 and 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the linear portion (portion 64 extending in the axial direction) of the heater includes a first portion 61 that contacts the first wall 21 and a second portion 62 that contacts the second wall 22.
- the diameter R ⁇ b> 1 of the first portion 61 is configured to be smaller than the diameter R ⁇ b> 2 of the second portion 62. Yes.
- the distance R1 from the central axis of the first wall 21 to the first portion 61 is second from the central axis of the first wall 21. It is smaller than the distance R2 to the portion 62.
- a first portion 61 is formed at the upper and lower portions, and a second portion 62 is formed at the central portion. Is formed.
- the 1st part 61 may be formed in the center part, and the 2nd part 62 may be formed in the upper part and the lower part.
- the first part 61 and the second part are connected at a switching point 63.
- the first portion 61 is formed at the upper and lower portions, and the second portion 62 is formed at the central portion. It is not limited. Specifically, for example, the first portion 61 is formed in the upper and lower portions, the portion in which the second portion 62 is formed in the central portion, the first portion 61 is formed in the central portion, and the second portions are formed in the upper and lower portions.
- the portions where 62 is formed may be alternately formed. Alternatively, for example, the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment may be appropriately combined. That is, in the electric heater 6, which part is the first part 61 and which part is the second part 62 can be appropriately adjusted.
- the hydrogen generator of the fourth example is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment and includes a reactor that requires heating, the second wall is the wall of the reactor, and the electric heater is the first wall.
- a point comprising a first part configured to contact the second wall and a second part configured to contact the second wall, and the electric heater at a location where the first part and the second part are switched. The point that the distance from the central axis of the first wall to the electric heater can be changed is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the reactor is a transformer that is provided on the outer periphery of the hydrodesulfurizer and reduces carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas.
- the ratio of the first part in the electric heater may be larger than the ratio of the second part.
- the ratio of the first part in the electric heater is configured to be larger than the ratio of the second part in the electric heater according to the heat capacities of the hydrodesulfurizer and the transformer.
- the heating amount for the hydrodesulfurizer is larger than that of the transformer.
- the transformer is exothermic due to the reaction
- the hydrodesulfurizer is not accompanied by the exotherm due to the reaction. Therefore, the temperature can be efficiently raised by increasing the heating amount by the electric heater.
- FIG. 10 is a horizontal cross-sectional schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of the hydrogen generator according to the fourth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an electric heater according to a fourth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11B is a development view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the electric heater in the fourth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 11B.
- the hydrogen generator 140 of this example is the same as the hydrogen generator 100 described in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the configuration of the electric heater 6 is further specified. Therefore, components common to FIGS. 1 to 3, FIG. 10, and FIG. 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the linear portion of the heater includes a first portion 61 that contacts the first wall 21 and a second portion 62 that contacts the second wall 22.
- the diameter R ⁇ b> 1 of the first portion 61 is configured to be smaller than the diameter R ⁇ b> 2 of the second portion 62. Yes.
- the distance R 1 from the central axis of the first wall 21 to the first portion 61 is second from the central axis of the first wall 21. It is smaller than the distance R2 to the portion 62.
- the ratio of the first portion 61 occupying the electric heater 6 and the second portion occupying the electric heater 6 corresponding to the heat capacity and temperature conditions of the reactor on the first wall 21 side and the reactor on the second wall 22 side.
- the ratio of 62 is adjusted.
- the first wall 21 is the wall of the hydrodesulfurizer 3
- the second wall 22 is the wall of the transformer 5, the heat capacity of the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the transformer 5.
- the ratio of the first portion 61 occupying the electric heater 6 and the ratio of the second portion 62 occupying the electric heater 6 are changed. Thereby, the amount of heating for each reactor can be adjusted, and the temperature can be raised to the target temperature in a short time.
- the ratio between the first portion 61 and the second portion 62 is 2 to 1, but the ratio is not limited to this.
- the hydrogen generator of the fifth example is the hydrogen generator of the first embodiment and includes a reactor that requires heating, the second wall is the wall of the reactor, and the electric heater is the first wall.
- a point comprising a first part configured to contact the second wall and a second part configured to contact the second wall, and the electric heater at a location where the first part and the second part are switched. The point that the distance from the central axis of the first wall to the electric heater can be changed is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the gap may be configured such that the reactor is heated by radiant heat from the first portion.
- the first part of the electric heater can heat both the hydrodesulfurizer and the reactor.
- the gap may be configured such that the hydrodesulfurizer is heated by radiant heat from the second portion.
- the second part of the electric heater can heat both the hydrodesulfurizer and the transformer.
- the gap may have an air layer.
- FIG. 12A is a schematic horizontal sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a fifth example of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12B is a conceptual diagram showing an operation mechanism of the electric heater in the fifth example of the first embodiment.
- the hydrogen generator 110 of this example is the same as the hydrogen generator 100 described in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the configuration of the gap 7 is further specified. Therefore, components common to FIGS. 1 to 3 and FIG. 12 are denoted by the same reference numerals and names, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the linear portion of the heater includes a first portion 61 that contacts the first wall 21 and a second portion 62 that contacts the second wall 22.
- the diameter R1 of the first portion 61 is configured to be smaller than the diameter R2 of the second portion 62. Yes.
- the distance R1 from the central axis of the first wall 21 to the first portion 61 is second from the central axis of the first wall 21. It is smaller than the distance R2 to the portion 62.
- the hydrodesulfurizer 3 is provided on the outer periphery, and includes a transformer 5 that reduces carbon monoxide in the hydrogen-containing gas
- the second wall 21 is a wall of the transformer 5
- the gap 7 is The transformer 5 can be configured to be heated by the radiant heat from the first portion 61.
- the heat insulating material may not be provided between the first portion 61 and the second wall 22 in the gap 7.
- radiation such as infrared rays can be transmitted between the first portion 61 and the second wall 22.
- the gap 7 may include an air layer.
- an air layer may be formed between the first portion 61 and the second wall 22 in the gap 7.
- the transformer 5 can be heated by radiant heat from the first portion 61 through the air layer.
- the gap 7 can be configured such that the hydrodesulfurizer 3 is heated by radiant heat from the second portion 62. More specifically, for example, a heat insulating material may not be provided between the second portion 62 and the first wall 21 in the gap 7. In such a configuration, radiation such as infrared rays can be transmitted between the second portion 62 and the first wall 21.
- the gap 7 may include an air layer. Alternatively, for example, an air layer may be formed between the second portion 62 and the first wall 21 in the gap 7. The hydrodesulfurizer 3 can be heated by radiant heat from the second portion 62 through the air layer.
- the first portion 61 and the first wall 21 are in physical contact with each other in the gap 7, while an air layer is provided between the first portion 61 and the second wall 22. It has been. Further, in the gap 7, the second portion 62 and the second wall 22 are in physical contact, while an air layer is provided between the second portion 62 and the first wall 21.
- the heat generated in the first portion 61 of the electric heater 6 is supplied to the hydrodesulfurizer 3 by heat conduction, while being supplied to the transformer 5 by radiation.
- the heat generated in the second portion 62 of the electric heater 6 is supplied to the transformer 5 by heat conduction, while being supplied to the hydrodesulfurizer 3 by radiation. Therefore, the heat generated by the electric heater 6 can be efficiently supplied to both the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the transformer 5.
- the heat utilization efficiency is further improved by the heat generated by the electric heater 6 being transmitted to the hydrodesulfurizer 3 and the transformer 5 not only by heat conduction but also by radiation.
- a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment is a fuel cell that generates power using the hydrogen generator of any one of the first embodiment, its examples, and its modifications, and a hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator.
- the performance of heating the desulfurizer can be improved as compared with the conventional one.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 300 includes the hydrogen generator 100 and the fuel cell 8.
- the hydrogen generator 100 is the same as the hydrogen generator 100 described in the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, detailed description is omitted. Note that the hydrogen generator 100 is merely an example.
- the hydrogen generator 100 may be the hydrogen generators 110, 120, 130, 140, etc. according to the respective examples of the first embodiment, or may be modified examples thereof.
- the fuel cell 8 generates power using the hydrogen-containing gas supplied from the hydrogen generator 100.
- the fuel cell may be of any type, and examples include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a phosphoric acid fuel cell.
- the hydrogen generator and the fuel cell may be built in one container.
- One embodiment of the present invention is useful as a hydrogen generator and a fuel cell system in which the performance of heating a desulfurizer is improved as compared with the conventional one.
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態の水素生成装置は、原料中の硫黄化合物を除去する、筒状の第1壁を有する水添脱硫器と、水添脱硫器から供給される原料を用いて水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、第1壁と対向するように第1壁と同軸に設けられた筒状の第2壁と、第1壁の軸方向に延びつつ第1壁の軸方向に折り返しながら、第1壁と第2壁との間隙に環状に設けられた電気ヒータと、を備える。
図1Aは、第1実施形態にかかる水素生成装置の概略構成の一例を示す鉛直断面模式図である。図1Bは、図1AのA-A’線断面図である。なお、図1Bにおいて上半分は図示を省略している。
以下、水素生成装置100の動作の一例について図1を用いて説明する。なお、本実施形態の水素生成装置100の動作は、本実施形態の第1実施例、第2実施例、第3実施例、第4実施例、及び第5実施例のいずれにも適用可能である。
第1実施例の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、加熱を必要とする反応器を備え、第2壁は反応器の壁であり、電気ヒータは、第1壁に接するように構成された第1部分と、第2壁に接するように構成された第2部分と、を備える。
第2実施例の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、加熱を必要とする反応器を備え、第2壁は反応器の壁であり、電気ヒータは、第1壁に接するように構成された第1部分と、第2壁に接するように構成された第2部分と、を備える点、及び、電気ヒータは、第1部分と第2部分とが切替わる箇所において第1壁の中心軸から電気ヒータまでの距離が変わるように構成されうる点については、第1実施例と同様である。
第3実施例の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、加熱を必要とする反応器を備え、第2壁は反応器の壁であり、電気ヒータは、第1壁に接するように構成された第1部分と、第2壁に接するように構成された第2部分と、を備える点、及び、電気ヒータは、第1部分と第2部分とが切替わる箇所において第1壁の中心軸から電気ヒータまでの距離が変わるように構成されうる点については、第1実施例と同様である。
第4実施例の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、加熱を必要とする反応器を備え、第2壁は反応器の壁であり、電気ヒータは、第1壁に接するように構成された第1部分と、第2壁に接するように構成された第2部分と、を備える点、及び、電気ヒータは、第1部分と第2部分とが切替わる箇所において第1壁の中心軸から電気ヒータまでの距離が変わるように構成されうる点については、第1実施例と同様である。
第5実施例の水素生成装置は、第1実施形態の水素生成装置であって、加熱を必要とする反応器を備え、第2壁は反応器の壁であり、電気ヒータは、第1壁に接するように構成された第1部分と、第2壁に接するように構成された第2部分と、を備える点、及び、電気ヒータは、第1部分と第2部分とが切替わる箇所において第1壁の中心軸から電気ヒータまでの距離が変わるように構成されうる点については、第1実施例と同様である。
第2実施形態の燃料電池システムは、第1実施形態、その実施例、及びその変形例のいずれかの水素生成装置と、該水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池とを備える。
4 改質器
5 変成器
6 電気ヒータ
7 間隙
8 燃料電池
10 一酸化炭素変成器
11 触媒層
14a 加熱用ヒータ
14b 加熱用ヒータ
15 断熱保温材
16a 円筒内壁
16b 円筒壁
17 脱硫器
20 円筒壁
21 第1壁
22 第2壁
24 脱硫器出口配管
61 第1部分
62 第2部分
63 切替箇所
64 軸方向に延びる部分
65 軸方向に折り返す部分
100 水素生成装置
110 水素生成装置
120 水素生成装置
130 水素生成装置
140 水素生成装置
300 燃料電池システム
Claims (10)
- 原料中の硫黄化合物を除去する、筒状の第1壁を有する水添脱硫器と、
前記水添脱硫器から供給される原料を用いて水素含有ガスを生成する改質器と、
前記第1壁と対向するように前記第1壁と同軸に設けられた筒状の第2壁と、
前記第1壁の軸方向に延びつつ前記第1壁の軸方向に折り返しながら、前記第1壁と前記第2壁との間隙に環状に設けられた電気ヒータと、
を備える、水素生成装置。 - 加熱を必要とする反応器を備え、
前記第2壁は前記反応器の壁である、
請求項1に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記電気ヒータは、
前記第1壁に接するように構成された第1部分と、
前記第2壁に接するように構成された第2部分と、を備える、
請求項2に記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記電気ヒータは、前記第1部分と前記第2部分とが切替わる箇所において前記第1壁の中心軸から前記電気ヒータまでの距離が変わるように構成されている、請求項3に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記間隙は、前記第1部分からの輻射熱で前記反応器が加熱されるよう構成されている、請求項3または4に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記反応器は、前記水添脱硫器の外周に設けられ、水素含有ガス中の一酸化炭素を低減する変成器である、
請求項3ないし5のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置。 - 前記電気ヒータにおいて、前記第1部分が占める比率が、前記第2部分が占める比率よりも多い、請求項6に記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記間隙は、前記第2部分からの輻射熱で前記水添脱硫器が加熱されるよう構成されている、請求項3-7のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置。
- 前記間隙は空気層を備える、請求項5または8に記載の水素生成装置。
- 請求項1-9のいずれかに記載の水素生成装置と、前記水素生成装置から供給される水素含有ガスを用いて発電する燃料電池とを備える、燃料電池システム。
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