WO2014083882A1 - 銀粉及び銀ペースト - Google Patents
銀粉及び銀ペースト Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014083882A1 WO2014083882A1 PCT/JP2013/068971 JP2013068971W WO2014083882A1 WO 2014083882 A1 WO2014083882 A1 WO 2014083882A1 JP 2013068971 W JP2013068971 W JP 2013068971W WO 2014083882 A1 WO2014083882 A1 WO 2014083882A1
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- silver
- silver powder
- particles
- paste
- powder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C5/00—Alloys based on noble metals
- C22C5/06—Alloys based on silver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silver powder and a silver paste using the silver powder, and more particularly to a silver powder and a silver paste which are main components of a silver paste used for forming a wiring layer or an electrode of an electronic device.
- silver pastes such as resin-type silver paste and fired-type silver paste are frequently used. That is, after applying or printing these silver pastes on various substrates, a conductive film that becomes a wiring layer, an electrode, or the like can be formed by heat curing or heat baking.
- a resin-type silver paste is made of silver powder, resin, curing agent, solvent, etc., printed on a conductor circuit pattern or terminal, and cured by heating at 100 ° C. to 200 ° C. to form a conductive film.
- the fired silver paste is made of silver powder, glass, solvent, etc., printed on a conductor circuit pattern or terminal, and heated and fired at 600 ° C. to 800 ° C. to form a conductive film to form wirings and electrodes.
- electrically connected current paths are formed by continuous silver powder.
- the silver powder used in the silver paste has a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to several ⁇ m, and the particle size of the silver powder used varies depending on the thickness of the wiring to be formed and the thickness of the electrode. Further, by uniformly dispersing silver powder in the paste, it is possible to form a wiring having a uniform thickness or an electrode having a uniform thickness.
- silver powder is kneaded with other components such as a solvent, and then kneaded with a self-revolving kneader, a three-roll mill or the like.
- the silver powder settles in the paste, resulting in a non-uniform paste.
- a wiring layer or an electrode is formed using such a silver paste, the silver powder is unevenly present in the wiring layer or the electrode, and there is a portion where the silver powder is not present locally. I can't get it.
- a paste with a remarkably good dispersibility of silver powder has good storability, but has high thixotropy, so that bleeding and poor plate separation occur during screen printing, resulting in insufficient wiring.
- the thixotropy indicates that a highly viscous fluid easily becomes a low viscosity fluid due to external stress, and is related to the interaction between particles and dispersibility. The more monodispersed the dispersed particles and the stronger the interaction between the particles, the higher the thixotropy.
- the dispersion of silver powder in the paste greatly affects the printability and conductivity when screen printing. Therefore, it is important that the silver powder is appropriately dispersed in the solvent, and it is desired that both thixotropy and dispersibility that are not too high are compatible.
- an average particle size of 0.1 is obtained by adding a silver nitrate solution to a reducing agent solution containing sulfite and hydroquinone at a reaction temperature of 100 ° C. or lower, and then adding ammonia to the reaction solution containing crystal nuclei.
- a method for producing a silver powder that is in the range of 3 to 6.0 ⁇ m, and that is monodispersed and that has a narrow particle size distribution.
- Equation 1 The relationship between normal stress and shear stress is shown in Equation 1.
- Equation 1 is the shear stress when there is no normal stress. This is called cohesion between particles.
- b is an internal friction angle.
- the present invention has an object to provide a silver powder having thixotropy suitable for use as a paste and having both thixotropy and dispersibility in view of the above-described conventional circumstances.
- the present inventor divides the maximum torque value obtained when a certain amount of silver powder is stirred and the organic solvent is dropped therein by the specific surface area value of the silver powder.
- the torque per unit surface area is optimal, the dispersibility of the silver powder in the paste is good and the thixotropy is not too high.
- the present inventors have found that defective printing separation is improved, and have reached the present invention.
- the silver powder according to the present invention has a maximum torque per specific surface area obtained by dividing the maximum torque value in the absorption measurement method defined in K6217-4 of the JIS standard by the specific surface area obtained by the BET method.
- the value is 2 N ⁇ g / m or more and 5 N ⁇ g / m or less.
- the number average particle diameter DSEM determined from scanning electron microscope observation image is at 0.2 ⁇ m or 2.0 ⁇ m or less, a number average particle diameter D SEM and laser diffraction scattering method It is preferable that the ratio D 50 / D SEM with respect to the volume-based particle diameter D 50 measured by use is 1.8 or more and 4.2 or less.
- the silver powder which concerns on this invention prints the silver paste which knead
- the silver powder according to the present invention has good dispersibility in the silver paste, and has thixotropy optimum for printing of the silver paste while maintaining this dispersibility. Moreover, the silver paste which concerns on this invention can form the electrically conductive film which has favorable printability and is excellent in electroconductivity by using the silver powder which has a dispersibility and optimal thixotropy.
- the silver powder includes secondary particles and aggregates in addition to the primary silver particles.
- primary particles refer to silver particles that are considered to be unit particles by judging from the apparent geometric form
- FIG. 1 (B) particles in which two to three or more primary particles are connected by necking are referred to as secondary particles.
- secondary particles particles in which two to three or more primary particles are connected by necking.
- an aggregate of these primary particles and secondary particles is called an aggregate.
- primary particles, secondary particles, and aggregates may be collectively referred to as silver particles.
- Silver powder has a coating layer containing a surface treatment agent on the particle surface.
- the coating layer is formed of a surfactant and / or a dispersant. Thereby, silver powder can prevent aggregation of an excess silver particle, and can maintain the desired aggregate.
- Silver powder when calculated cumulative curve the total volume of each population was measured using a laser diffraction scattering method as 100%, the cumulative curve is 50% and the particle diameter D 50 of the point where the 0.5 ⁇ m or 2.0 ⁇ m It is as follows.
- the silver powder has a number average particle diameter DSEM determined from an observation image of a scanning electron microscope of 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the silver powder has a ratio D 50 / D SEM of 1 between the number average particle diameter D SEM obtained from the observation image of the scanning electron microscope and the volume-based particle diameter D 50 measured using the laser diffraction scattering method. It is preferably from 8 to 4.2, and more preferably from 1.8 to 3.5.
- D 50 / D SEM is larger than 4.2, coarse aggregates in the silver powder are relatively increased, and the dispersibility of the silver powder in the paste may be lowered.
- D 50 / D SEM is less than 1.8, it means that the silver particles hardly form aggregates, and the dispersibility becomes better, but the thixotropy becomes too high, resulting in poor printing. It will occur.
- a silver powder having a D 50 / D SEM of 1.8 or more and 4.2 or less has an aggregate of an appropriate size that can obtain dispersibility, not coarse aggregation, and dispersibility of individual primary particles.
- the silver particles have a structure in which does not become higher than a certain level.
- the dispersion state of the silver powder in the paste is stable, but the thixotropy is high, causing problems such as bleeding during printing of wiring and the like, and poor plate separation.
- the silver powder in the present embodiment contains an aggregate of an appropriate size while maintaining a certain dispersibility, for example, when this silver particle is used as a baking paste, Is easy to sinter, and a conductive film paste excellent in uniformity and conductivity can be obtained.
- thixotropy indicates the tendency of a highly viscous fluid to rapidly become a low viscosity fluid due to external stress, and the interaction between particles and dispersibility are related. That is, the more the dispersed particles are monodispersed and the stronger the interaction between the particles, the higher the thixotropy. Whether the dispersed particles are monodispersed can be determined by measuring the particle size distribution by a method such as laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement.
- the interaction between the particles is not only the interaction between the particle surfaces but also the combined action of the contact points on the particle surface depending on the dispersion state. Even if the interaction between the particle surfaces is large, if there are many aggregates and the ratio of contact between the surfaces of the aggregates in the paste is low, the interaction as a whole becomes small and the thixotropy also decreases.
- the thixotropy is too low, the fluidity is insufficient when a shearing force is applied. For example, in screen printing, the paste does not spread through the mesh during printing, and the print becomes faint and breaks.
- the interaction between particles is important in silver powder. Dispersion of the silver powder in the paste greatly affects the printability and conductivity during screen printing. Therefore, it is important that the silver powder has an appropriate dispersibility in a solvent, and it is desired that both an appropriate thixotropy and that the silver powder is dispersed in the paste.
- “Torque here” refers to the torque applied to the jig stirring the silver powder.
- dibutyl phthalate starts to be dripped, it is taken into the agglomerates, and gradually becomes clogged inside so that it becomes a film on the agglomerate surface. Particles without aggregates have no uptake and form a film on the surface. Contact between the particles is performed through this liquid film, where a Laplace pressure is generated, causing an adsorption action between the particles and appearing as a torque of the jig.
- the particle surface is covered with a liquid film and an excess of dibutyl phthalate is supplied, the liquid enters between the films, causing a rapid drop in Laplace pressure and reducing the torque applied to the jig.
- the thixotropy is affected not only by the above-mentioned aggregates but also by the affinity between the particles and the solvent. Since the silver powder according to the present embodiment has a coating layer containing a surface treatment agent on the particle surface, the affinity of the solvent is good and both dispersibility and thixotropy can be achieved.
- the maximum torque value per unit specific surface area can more reflect the characteristics of the powder surface. That is, by dividing the maximum torque value by the specific surface area value, it is possible to grasp the characteristics of powders having various particle diameters using the value.
- the maximum torque value A obtained when dripping dibutyl phthalate into 200 g of silver powder is obtained using Asahi Research Institute absorption amount measuring device S-500 according to JIS K6217-4 (2008).
- the specific surface area value B based on the BET theory is obtained and the maximum torque value C per unit specific surface area is calculated according to the following formula 2, the value is 2 N ⁇ g / m or more and 5 N ⁇ g / m or less. .
- the silver powder When the maximum torque value of the silver powder is 2 N ⁇ g / m or more and 5 N ⁇ g / m or less, the silver powder has a thixotropy that is not too high while having an appropriate dispersibility. When the maximum torque value is less than 2 N ⁇ g / m, the dispersibility is low and the separation of silver powder in the paste and the thixotropy are low, resulting in insufficient fluidity when a shearing force is applied during printing. On the other hand, if the maximum torque value exceeds 5 N ⁇ g / m, the thixotropy becomes high and the paste becomes too low viscosity during printing, resulting in bleeding and poor plate separation.
- the silver paste using such silver powder contains 50% by mass or more of silver powder.
- the conductivity of the silver paste is improved. Specifically, when a silver paste is printed on an alumina substrate and baked at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes in the air, the volume resistivity can be made 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- volume resistivity affects the loss of electrical energy.
- the volume resistivity is 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, preferably 9 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, in order to obtain good conductivity.
- the above-mentioned silver powder is composed of fine silver particles in which the primary particles having the above-described particle size distribution are dispersed, so that it is difficult to settle in the paste, has excellent dispersibility, and is not unevenly distributed in the paste. Therefore, the volume resistivity can be 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and excellent conductivity can be exhibited.
- the silver paste used in the above-described evaluation of the particle size distribution of the silver powder in the silver paste and the volume resistivity when the silver paste is printed and fired is not particularly limited.
- an epoxy resin viscosity 2 to 6 Pa ⁇ s, for example, JER819 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- terpineol in a mass ratio of 1: 7 vehicle and silver powder were adjusted to 8.0 mass% vehicle and 92.0 mass% silver powder based on the total amount of paste. What can be obtained by kneading at 420 G for 5 minutes using a revolutionary kneader can be used.
- the silver powder is not limited to the application of the above-described silver paste, and can of course be applied to all commonly used silver pastes.
- the pasting method for producing the silver paste using the silver powder having the above-described characteristics is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- the vehicle to be used is not particularly limited, and for example, a solvent in which various celluloses, phenol resins, acrylic resins, and the like are dissolved in alcohol-based, ether-based, ester-based or the like can be used.
- the silver powder not only has excellent dispersibility in the paste, but also has an appropriate thixotropy for having good printing characteristics. Therefore, silver powder redispersion processing is not required for use, and screen printing or the like can be performed efficiently with high productivity.
- the wiring layer and the electrode formed with the resin-type silver paste and the baked silver paste using the silver powder have excellent conductivity, they are used for forming the wiring layer and the electrode of the electronic device. It can be suitably used for silver paste.
- the method for producing silver powder can be produced using silver chloride or silver nitrate as a raw material.
- silver chloride used as a starting material
- each step will be described more specifically.
- Silver powder can be obtained in the same way when starting materials other than silver chloride.
- a recovery device for nitrous acid gas and a treatment device for nitrate nitrogen in wastewater are required. It becomes.
- the method for producing silver powder is a wet reduction method in which a silver complex solution containing a silver complex obtained by dissolving silver chloride with a complexing agent and a reducing agent solution are mixed, and the silver complex is reduced to precipitate silver particles.
- generates a silver particle slurry by this is performed.
- silver chloride as a starting material is dissolved using a complexing agent to prepare a solution containing a silver complex.
- a complexing agent it does not specifically limit as a complexing agent, It is preferable to use the ammonia water which is easy to form a complex with silver chloride and does not contain the component which remains as an impurity. Moreover, it is preferable to use a high purity silver chloride, and it is preferable to use high purity silver chloride.
- a slurry such as silver chloride may be prepared and ammonia water may be added.
- ammonia water may be added in order to increase the complex concentration and increase the productivity. It is preferable to add and dissolve silver chloride in ammonia water.
- the aqueous ammonia used for the dissolution may be a normal one used industrially, but preferably has a purity as high as possible in order to prevent contamination with impurities.
- a reducing agent solution to be mixed with the silver complex solution is prepared.
- the reducing agent it is preferable to use a strong reducing power such as ascorbic acid, hydrazine, formalin and the like.
- Ascorbic acid is particularly preferred because the crystal grains in the silver particles are easy to grow. Since hydrazine or formalin has a reducing power stronger than ascorbic acid, crystals in silver particles can be reduced.
- it in order to control the uniformity of reaction or reaction rate, it can also be used as an aqueous solution whose concentration is adjusted by dissolving or diluting a reducing agent with pure water or the like.
- a water-soluble polymer is added in order to suppress excessive aggregation of silver particles and control the formation of secondary particles and aggregates.
- the addition amount of the water-soluble polymer is 2.5 to 13.0% by mass, more preferably 2.5 to 10.0% by mass, particularly preferably more than 3.0% by mass and 10.0% with respect to silver. It is below mass%.
- silver particles (primary particles) produced by reduction with a reducing agent solution have an active surface, and are easily connected to other silver particles to form secondary particles. Further, the secondary particles aggregate to form an aggregate.
- an anti-aggregation agent having a high anti-aggregation effect such as a surfactant or a fatty acid, is used, secondary particles and aggregates are not sufficiently formed, so that primary particles increase and appropriate aggregates are not formed. become.
- the formation of secondary particles and aggregates becomes excessive, resulting in a silver powder containing excessively aggregated coarse aggregates.
- the water-soluble polymer has an appropriate anti-aggregation effect, so it is possible to easily control the formation of secondary particles and aggregates by adjusting the addition amount, and the silver complex containing after the addition of the reducing agent solution Aggregates of an appropriate size can be formed in the solution.
- water-soluble polymer is at least 1 sort (s), such as polyethyleneglycol, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, and it is at least 1 sort (s) of polyethyleneglycol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Is more preferable.
- water-soluble polymers in particular, excessive aggregation is prevented and aggregation of the grown nuclei is insufficient to prevent the silver particles (primary particles) from becoming fine. Silver powder having aggregates can be easily formed.
- the mechanism by which silver particles are connected to a predetermined size and aggregates are formed by adding a water-soluble polymer is as follows. That is, by adding a water-soluble polymer, the water-soluble polymer is adsorbed on the surface of silver particles. At this time, when almost all of the surface of the silver particles is covered with the water-soluble polymer, the silver particles will be present alone, but by adding the water-soluble polymer at a predetermined ratio to the silver, It is considered that a surface where no partly water-soluble polymer exists remains, and silver particles are connected to each other through the surface to form an aggregate.
- the water-soluble polymer is added in an amount of 2.5 to 13.0% by mass, preferably 2.5 to 10.0% by mass with respect to silver.
- the addition amount of the water-soluble polymer is less than 2.5% by mass with respect to silver, the dispersibility in the silver particle slurry is deteriorated, the silver powder is excessively aggregated, and many coarse aggregates Will be generated.
- the addition amount with respect to silver is more than 13.0% by mass, almost all the silver particle surfaces are covered with the water-soluble polymer, and the silver particles cannot be connected to each other. It cannot be formed. As a result, silver powder composed of primary particles is formed, and in this case, flakes are generated during paste production.
- the silver particles are appropriately linked through the surface where no water-soluble polymer exists, and structurally stable.
- the agglomerated aggregates can be formed, the dispersibility at the time of producing the paste can be improved, and the occurrence of flakes can be effectively suppressed.
- the water-soluble polymer is added in a proportion of 2.5 to 10.0% by mass with respect to silver.
- the addition amount can be adjusted to 2.5 to 10.0% by mass, the water-soluble polymer can be adsorbed more appropriately on the surface of the silver particles, and the silver particles are connected to a predetermined size to have a high stability. Aggregates can be formed, and flake formation can be more effectively suppressed.
- the water-soluble polymer is added to the reducing agent solution.
- the water-soluble polymer is present at the site of nucleus generation or nucleus growth, and the water-soluble polymer is rapidly adsorbed on the surface of the generated nucleus or silver particle, so that aggregation of silver particles can be controlled efficiently. Therefore, in addition to the adjustment of the concentration of the water-soluble polymer described above, by adding the water-soluble polymer to the reducing agent solution in advance, the formation of coarse aggregates due to excessive aggregation of silver particles is suppressed.
- the silver particles can be more appropriately connected to a predetermined size to form a highly stable aggregate.
- the water-soluble polymer can be added in part or in whole to the silver complex-containing solution, but in this case, it is difficult to supply the water-soluble polymer to the site of nucleation or growth, There is a possibility that the water-soluble polymer cannot be adsorbed appropriately on the surface of the silver particles. Therefore, when adding to a silver complex containing solution previously, it is preferable to make the addition amount of a water-soluble polymer into the quantity exceeding 3.0 mass% with respect to silver. Accordingly, when the water-soluble polymer can be added to any of the reducing agent solution and the silver complex-containing solution, the amount is more than 3.0% by mass and not more than 10.0% by mass with respect to silver. It is particularly preferable to do this.
- an antifoaming agent to the silver complex-containing solution or the reducing agent mixed solution.
- the antifoaming agent is not particularly limited, and may be one usually used during reduction. However, in order not to inhibit the reduction reaction, the addition amount of the antifoaming agent is preferably set to a minimum level at which an antifoaming effect is obtained.
- the water used when preparing a silver complex containing solution and a reducing agent solution in order to prevent mixing of an impurity, it is preferable to use the water from which the impurity was removed, and it is especially preferable to use a pure water.
- the silver complex-containing solution prepared as described above and a reducing agent solution are mixed, and the silver complex is reduced to precipitate silver particles.
- This reduction reaction may be performed by a batch method or a continuous reduction method such as a tube reactor method or an overflow method.
- a tube reactor method in which the grain growth time can be easily controlled.
- the particle size of the silver particles can be controlled by the mixing rate of the silver complex-containing solution and the reducing agent solution and the reduction rate of the silver complex, and can be easily controlled to the target particle size.
- This surface treatment step is a treatment agent that has a high anti-agglomeration effect on the surface of the formed aggregate before the aggregate formed by reduction in the silver complex-containing solution further aggregates to form a coarse aggregate.
- Surface treatment with to prevent excessive agglomeration. That is, after the above-described aggregates are formed and before excessive aggregation proceeds, the silver particles are treated with a surfactant, or more preferably with a surfactant and a dispersant. Thereby, it can prevent that excessive aggregation arises, the structural stability of the desired aggregate can be maintained, and it can suppress effectively that a coarse aggregate is formed.
- the effect of surface treatment can be obtained at any stage as long as the silver particles are dried. For example, it can be performed after the reduction step, before the cleaning step described later, simultaneously with the cleaning step, or after the cleaning step.
- a water-soluble polymer is added to the reducing agent solution at a predetermined ratio with respect to silver so as to reduce, and the water-soluble polymer is adsorbed appropriately on the surface of the silver particles. Aggregates in which silver particles are linked to a predetermined size are formed. Since the water-soluble polymer adsorbed on the surface of the silver particles is relatively easily washed by the washing treatment, if the washing step is performed prior to the surface treatment, the water-soluble polymer on the surface of the silver particles is washed. As a result, the silver particles are excessively aggregated with each other, and a coarse aggregate larger than the formed aggregate may be formed. Further, when such a coarse aggregate is formed, uniform surface treatment on the surface of the silver particles becomes difficult.
- the excessive aggregation of the silver particles due to the removal of the water-soluble polymer is suppressed, and the desired aggregate formed
- the silver particles including can be efficiently subjected to surface treatment, and there can be produced a silver powder having good dispersibility without coarse aggregates.
- the surface treatment after the reduction treatment and before the washing step is preferably performed after the slurry containing silver particles is solid-liquid separated by a filter press or the like after the reduction step.
- a surfactant or dispersant as a surface treatment agent on the generated silver particles including aggregates of a predetermined size.
- this surface treatment step it is more preferable to perform surface treatment with both a surfactant and a dispersant to form a coating layer composed of the surfactant and the dispersant on the surface of the silver particles.
- a strong surface treatment layer can be formed on the surface of the silver particles due to the interaction. It is effective to maintain the aggregate.
- the silver particles are put into water added with a surfactant and a dispersant and stirred, or put into water added with a surfactant. After stirring, a dispersant may be further added and stirred.
- the surfactant and the dispersing agent may be added simultaneously to the cleaning liquid, or the dispersing agent may be added after the addition of the surfactant.
- the silver particles are added to the water or the cleaning liquid to which the surfactant is added and stirred, and then the dispersant is further added and stirred. It is preferable.
- a surfactant may be added to a reducing agent solution, and a dispersing agent may be added to a slurry of silver particles obtained by mixing a silver complex-containing solution and a reducing agent solution, followed by stirring.
- a surface active agent is present in the nucleation or nucleation field, and the surface is rapidly adsorbed on the surface of the generated nuclei or silver particles, and then a dispersant is adsorbed to provide a stable and uniform surface treatment. be able to.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, but a cationic surfactant is preferably used. Since the cationic surfactant is ionized into positive ions without being affected by pH, for example, an effect of improving the adsorptivity to silver powder using silver chloride as a starting material can be obtained.
- the cationic surfactant is not particularly limited, but is an alkyl monoamine salt type represented by a monoalkylamine salt, an alkyl diamine represented by N-alkyl (C14 to C18) propylene diamine dioleate.
- Salt type alkyltrimethylammonium salt type represented by alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salt type represented by alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, quaternary ammonium salt type represented by alkyldipolyoxyethylenemethylammonium chloride , Alkylpyridinium salt type, tertiary amine type typified by dimethylstearylamine, polyoxyethylene alkylamine typified by polyoxypropylene / polyoxyethylene alkylamine N, N ′, N′-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) -N-alkyl (C14-18) 1,3-diaminopropane is preferably at least one selected from oxy
- the surfactant preferably has at least one alkyl group having C4 to C36 carbon number represented by methyl group, butyl group, cetyl group, stearyl group, beef tallow, hard beef tallow, and plant stearyl.
- the alkyl group is preferably a group to which at least one selected from polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene, polyacrylic acid, and polycarboxylic acid is added. Since these alkyl groups are strongly adsorbed with a fatty acid used as a dispersant described later, the fatty acid can be strongly adsorbed when the dispersant is adsorbed to the silver particles via the surfactant.
- the addition amount of the surfactant is preferably in the range of 0.002 to 1.000% by mass with respect to the silver particles. Since almost the entire amount of the surfactant is adsorbed on the silver particles, the addition amount of the surfactant and the adsorption amount are almost equal. When the addition amount of the surfactant is less than 0.002% by mass, the effect of suppressing aggregation of silver particles or improving the adsorptivity of the dispersant may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the addition amount exceeds 1.000% by mass, the conductivity of the wiring layer or electrode formed using the silver paste is not preferable.
- the dispersant for example, protective colloids such as fatty acids, organometallics, and gelatins can be used.
- fatty acids or salts thereof in view of adsorbability with a surfactant without the possibility of contamination with impurities, it is preferable to use fatty acids or salts thereof. .
- the fatty acid used as the dispersant is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least one selected from stearic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, lauric acid, and linolenic acid. This is because these fatty acids have a relatively low boiling point and thus have little adverse effect on the wiring layer and electrodes formed using the silver paste.
- the amount of the dispersing agent added is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1.00% by mass with respect to the silver particles.
- the amount of adsorption on the silver particles varies depending on the type of the dispersant, but when the added amount is less than 0.01% by mass, the amount of the dispersant is sufficient to sufficiently suppress the aggregation of the silver particles or improve the adsorptivity of the dispersant May not be adsorbed by silver powder.
- the added amount of the dispersant exceeds 1.00% by mass, the amount of the dispersant adsorbed on the silver particles increases, and the conductivity of the wiring layer or electrode formed using the silver paste cannot be sufficiently obtained. Sometimes.
- the silver particles are washed.
- Silver particles obtained in the reduction process adsorb a large amount of chlorine ions and water-soluble polymers on the surface. Therefore, in order to make the conductivity of the wiring layer and the electrode formed using the silver paste sufficient, the obtained silver particle slurry is washed in the next washing step, and the surface adsorbate is removed by washing. It is preferable.
- the washing step is preferably performed after the surface treatment step on the silver particles. .
- the washing method is not particularly limited, but the silver particles solid-liquid separated from the slurry by a filter press or the like are put into the washing liquid, stirred using an agitator or an ultrasonic washing machine, and then again solid-liquid.
- a method of separating and collecting silver particles is generally used. Further, in order to sufficiently remove the surface adsorbate, it is preferable to repeat the operations consisting of charging into the cleaning liquid, stirring cleaning, and solid-liquid separation several times.
- the cleaning liquid water may be used, but an alkaline aqueous solution may be used in order to efficiently remove chlorine. Although it does not specifically limit as an alkaline solution, It is preferable to use the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with few remaining impurities and cheap. In the case of using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution as the cleaning liquid, it is desirable to further wash the silver particles or the slurry thereof with water in order to remove sodium after washing with the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- the concentration of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is preferably 0.01 to 0.30 mol / l. If the concentration is less than 0.01 mol / l, the cleaning effect is insufficient. On the other hand, if the concentration exceeds 0.30 mol / l, sodium may remain in silver particles more than allowable.
- the water used for the cleaning liquid is preferably water that does not contain an impurity element harmful to silver particles, and pure water is particularly preferable.
- cleaning and surface treatment may be used normally,
- the reaction tank with a stirrer etc. can be used.
- the apparatus used for solid-liquid separation may also be a normally used apparatus, for example, a centrifuge, a suction filter, a filter press, etc. can be used.
- the silver particles that have been washed and surface-treated are dried by evaporating moisture in the drying step.
- a drying method for example, silver powder collected after completion of cleaning and surface treatment is placed on a stainless steel pad and heated at a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C. using a commercially available drying apparatus such as an atmospheric oven or a vacuum dryer.
- the silver powder in this Embodiment is a weak crushing condition with respect to the silver powder after drying which controlled aggregation of the silver particle by the reduction process, and preferably stabilized the degree of aggregation by the surface treatment. Control the crushing process. Even if the silver powder after the surface treatment described above is further aggregated between the aggregates by subsequent drying or the like, since the binding force is weak, it is easily separated into aggregates of a predetermined size at the time of preparing the paste. In order to stabilize the paste, it is preferable to crush and classify.
- the dried silver particles are stirred at a peripheral speed of 5 to 35 m / s of a stirring blade, for example, using a device having a weak crushing force such as a vacuum reduced pressure atmosphere rolling stirrer. While disintegrating.
- a weak crushing force such as a vacuum reduced pressure atmosphere rolling stirrer.
- the peripheral speed is 5 m / s or less, the pulverization energy is weak, so a large amount of aggregate remains.
- the peripheral speed is higher than 35 m / s, the pulverization energy becomes strong and the aggregate becomes too small. Even in this case, the silver powder having the above-mentioned particle size distribution cannot be obtained.
- a silver powder having a particle size equal to or smaller than a desired particle size can be obtained by performing a classification treatment.
- the classifying apparatus used in the classification process is not particularly limited, and an airflow classifier, a sieve, or the like can be used.
- the silver particles are adjusted so that D 50 / D SEM is 1.8 or more and 4.2 or less by adding a predetermined amount of water-soluble polymer to the reducing agent solution or the silver complex-containing solution. Aggregates connected to each other can be formed, and further, by performing a surface treatment on the silver particles, aggregation due to washing and drying can be suppressed and the size of the aggregates can be maintained.
- the obtained silver powder is composed of silver particles having a structure in which the dispersibility of each primary particle does not become higher than a certain level, not including coarse aggregates but including aggregates having such a size that dispersibility can be obtained.
- the obtained silver powder has a maximum torque value per specific surface area of 2 N ⁇ g / m or more and 5 N ⁇ g / m or less, and is a silver powder having both appropriate thixotropy and dispersibility.
- This paste using silver powder is excellent in printability, does not cause defects of plate separation failure, and can form a conductive film with excellent conductivity.
- Example 1 In Example 1, 36 L of 25% aqueous ammonia maintained at a liquid temperature of 36 ° C. in a 38 ° C. bath, 2490 g of silver chloride (manufactured by Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., purity 99.9% or more, silver 1875 g in silver chloride) was added while stirring to prepare a silver complex solution. The obtained silver complex solution was kept at 36 ° C. in a warm bath.
- ascorbic acid 1317 g (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., reagent) as a reducing agent was dissolved in 13.56 L of pure water at 36 ° C. to obtain a reducing agent solution.
- 94 g of water-soluble polymer polyvinyl alcohol (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., PVA205, 5% by mass with respect to the amount of silver in the silver complex solution) was collected and dissolved in 1 L of 36 ° C. pure water. Mixed into reducing agent solution.
- the prepared silver complex solution and the reducing agent solution are respectively fed into the basket at a silver complex solution of 2.7 L / min and a reducing agent solution of 0.9 L / min using a monopump (Hyojin Equipment Co., Ltd.).
- the silver complex was reduced.
- the reduction rate at this time was 127 g / min in terms of silver.
- the ratio of the reducing agent supply rate to the silver supply rate was 1.4. Note that a PVC pipe having an inner diameter of 25 mm and a length of 725 mm was used for the rod.
- the slurry containing silver particles obtained by reduction of the silver complex was received in a receiving tank with stirring.
- the silver particle slurry obtained by reduction is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the recovered silver particles before drying and 1.9 g of a polyoxyethylene-added quaternary ammonium salt which is a commercially available cationic surfactant as a surface treatment agent.
- the silver particles are put into 0.05 mol / L sodium hydroxide (15.4 L in aqueous solution, washed with stirring for 15 minutes, filtered through a filter press, and silver Particles were collected.
- the silver particles separated into solid and liquid were put into 23 L of pure water, stirred and filtered, and then the silver particles were transferred to a stainless steel pad and dried at 60 ° C. for 10 hours in a vacuum dryer. Then, 1.75 kg of silver powder is taken and put into a 5 L high-speed stirrer (rolling stirrer) (manufactured by Nihon Coke Kogyo Co., Ltd., FM5C) and crushed with stirring at a peripheral speed of 23 m / s for 30 minutes. Silver powder was obtained by performing.
- the maximum torque value obtained when dropping dibutyl phthalate to 200 g of silver powder was obtained according to JIS K6217-4 (2008) using an absorption measuring device S-500 manufactured by Asahi Research Institute. Separately, the specific surface area was determined by the BET method, and the maximum torque per unit specific surface area was calculated. The calculated values are shown in Table 1 below. As shown in Table 1, the maximum torque per unit specific surface area was 3.5 N ⁇ g / m.
- the particle size distribution of the obtained silver powder was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., MICROTRAC HRA 9320X-100). Note that isopropyl alcohol was used as a dispersion medium, and the measurement was performed by adding silver powder in a state where the dispersion medium was circulated.
- the particle diameter (D 50 ) of the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction confusion method was 1.8 ⁇ m.
- the obtained silver powder, scanning means and particle diameter D SEM obtained by analyzing the image obtained was observed with an electron microscope, a volume-based particle diameter D 50 measured using a laser diffraction scattering method The ratio D 50 / D SEM was calculated.
- the average of the values obtained by measuring 300 or more silver particles using image analysis software Smile View (manufactured by JEOL) was defined as the average particle diameter DSEM .
- the average particle diameter D SEM obtained by analyzing the image obtained by observing the silver powder with a scanning electron microscope was 0.75 ⁇ m, and D 50 / D SEM was 2.4.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, the amount of polyvinyl alcohol, which is a water-soluble polymer mixed with the reducing agent solution, was 282 g (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd., PVA205, 15% by mass with respect to the amount of silver in the silver complex solution). Produced silver powder in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the obtained silver powder was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows each measured value.
- the maximum torque per unit specific surface area is 5.5 N ⁇ g / m
- the volume-based particle size distribution (D50) obtained by the laser diffraction confusion method is 1.4 ⁇ m, and is observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- the average particle diameter (D SEM ) obtained by analyzing the obtained image was 0.81 ⁇ m
- D 50 / D SEM was 1.7.
- Example 2 the silver paste obtained by kneading the obtained silver powder, tarpionel, and resin at 2000 rpm (420 G as centrifugal force) using a self-revolving kneading machine was placed on an alumina substrate. Although printed, bleeding occurred between the wirings and spread, and printability deteriorated.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, the amount of polyvinyl alcohol, which is a water-soluble polymer mixed in the reducing agent solution, was 38 g (made by Kuraray Co., Ltd., PVA205, 2% by mass with respect to the amount of silver in the silver complex solution). Produced silver powder in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the obtained silver powder was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows each measured value.
- the maximum torque per unit specific surface area is 1.9 N ⁇ g / m
- the particle size distribution (D 50 ) of the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by the laser diffraction confusion method is 3.1 ⁇ m, which is observed with a scanning electron microscope.
- the average particle diameter (D SEM ) obtained by analyzing the obtained image was 0.72 ⁇ m, and D 50 / D SEM was 4.3.
- the silver paste obtained by kneading the obtained silver powder, tarpionel, and resin at 2000 rpm (420 G as centrifugal force) using a self-revolving kneading machine was placed on an alumina substrate.
- the volume resistivity of the paste was 19.1 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and it was found that the conductivity of the paste was inferior.
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Abstract
Description
銀粉とは、一次粒子の銀粒子の他に、二次粒子及び凝集体も含むものである。以下の説明において、一次粒子とは、図1(A)に示すように、銀粒子を、外見上の幾何学的形態から判断して、単位粒子と考えられるものをいい、図1(B)に示すように、一次粒子がネッキングにより2乃至3以上連結した粒子を二次粒子という。図1(C)に示すように、これらの一次粒子及び二次粒子の集合体を凝集体という。なお、以下の説明において、一次粒子、二次粒子、及び凝集体をまとめて銀粒子という場合がある。
銀粉の製造方法は、原料に塩化銀や硝酸銀を用いて製造することができる。好ましい態様として塩化銀を出発原料とした場合を例に挙げて、工程毎にさらに具体的に説明する。なお、塩化銀以外を出発原料とした場合も同様の方法で銀粉を得ることができるが、硝酸銀を用いた場合には、亜硝酸ガスの回収装置や廃水中の硝酸系窒素の処理装置が必要となる。
実施例1では、38℃の温浴中で液温36℃に保持した25%アンモニア水36L、塩化銀2490g(住友金属鉱山(株)製、純度99.9%以上、塩化銀中の銀1875g)を撹拌しながら投入して、銀錯体溶液を作製した。得られた銀錯体溶液を温浴中で36℃に保持した。
比較例1では、還元剤溶液に混合する水溶性高分子であるポリビニルアルコールの量を282g((株)クラレ製、PVA205、銀錯体溶液中の銀量に対して15質量%)としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして銀粉を製造した。
比較例2では、還元剤溶液に混合する水溶性高分子であるポリビニルアルコールの量を38g((株)クラレ製、PVA205、銀錯体溶液中の銀量に対して2質量%)としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして銀粉を製造した。
Claims (5)
- JIS規格のK6217-4に規定される吸収量の測定方法における最大トルク値をBET法により求めた比表面積で除して得られた比表面積あたりの最大トルク値が2N・g/m以上、5N・g/m以下であることを特徴とする銀粉。
- 走査型電子顕微鏡の観察画像から求められた数平均粒子径DSEMが0.2μm以上2.0μm以下であり、
上記数平均粒子径DSEMとレーザー回折散乱法を用いて測定した体積基準の粒子径D50との比D50/DSEMが1.8以上4.2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の銀粉。 - 当該銀粉とターピネオールと樹脂とを自公転式撹拌機を用いて420Gの遠心力で混練した銀ペーストをアルミナ基板上に印刷し、大気中で200℃60分間の焼成を行ったときの体積抵抗率が10μΩ・cm以下となることを特徴とする請求項1記載の銀粉。
- 当該銀粉とターピネオールと樹脂とを自公転式撹拌機を用いて420Gの遠心力で混練した銀ペーストをアルミナ基板上に印刷し、大気中で200℃60分間の焼成を行ったときの体積抵抗率が10μΩ・cm以下となることを特徴とする請求項2記載の銀粉。
- 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の銀粉を50質量%以上含有する銀ペースト。
Priority Applications (3)
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US14/647,722 US20160001361A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 | 2013-07-11 | Silver powder and silver paste |
CN201380062713.4A CN105008069B (zh) | 2012-11-29 | 2013-07-11 | 银粉及银糊剂 |
KR1020157016724A KR20150088843A (ko) | 2012-11-29 | 2013-07-11 | 은분 및 은 페이스트 |
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JP2012260709A JP5510531B1 (ja) | 2012-11-29 | 2012-11-29 | 銀粉及び銀ペースト |
JP2012-260709 | 2012-11-29 |
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WO2014083882A1 true WO2014083882A1 (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
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US (1) | US20160001361A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5510531B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20150088843A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105008069B (ja) |
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JP2016148104A (ja) * | 2015-02-10 | 2016-08-18 | ニホンハンダ株式会社 | ペースト状金属粒子組成物、金属製部材接合体の製造方法および多孔質金属粒子焼結物の製造方法 |
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JP6287611B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-13 | 2018-03-07 | Jsr株式会社 | 銀膜形成用組成物、銀膜、配線基板、電子機器および銀粒子の製造方法 |
CN104308183A (zh) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-28 | 昆明舒扬科技有限公司 | 一种电子浆料用片状银粉的制备方法 |
CN108430670B (zh) * | 2015-12-25 | 2020-04-24 | 株式会社则武 | 银粉末和银糊以及其应用 |
US11081253B2 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2021-08-03 | Dowa Electronics Materials Co., Ltd. | Silver particle dispersing solution, method for producing same, and method for producing conductive film using silver particle dispersing solution |
KR102263618B1 (ko) * | 2019-03-29 | 2021-06-10 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 혼합 은 분말 및 이를 포함하는 도전성 페이스트 |
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- 2013-07-11 US US14/647,722 patent/US20160001361A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-07-11 KR KR1020157016724A patent/KR20150088843A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-07-11 CN CN201380062713.4A patent/CN105008069B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-11 WO PCT/JP2013/068971 patent/WO2014083882A1/ja active Application Filing
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CN105008069A (zh) | 2015-10-28 |
JP2014105371A (ja) | 2014-06-09 |
KR20150088843A (ko) | 2015-08-03 |
US20160001361A1 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
TWI576183B (zh) | 2017-04-01 |
TW201420234A (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
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