WO2014083794A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014083794A1 WO2014083794A1 PCT/JP2013/006698 JP2013006698W WO2014083794A1 WO 2014083794 A1 WO2014083794 A1 WO 2014083794A1 JP 2013006698 W JP2013006698 W JP 2013006698W WO 2014083794 A1 WO2014083794 A1 WO 2014083794A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/127—Catalytic desulfurisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/14—Details of the flowsheet
- C01B2203/148—Details of the flowsheet involving a recycle stream to the feed of the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
- H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- a reforming reaction of the raw material gas is performed.
- a reforming catalyst is used to promote this reforming reaction.
- a sulfur compound is contained in the raw material gas as an odorant, and the reforming catalyst may be deteriorated by the sulfur compound. Therefore, in order to suppress the deterioration of the reforming catalyst, a desulfurization apparatus that removes sulfur compounds in the raw material gas is used.
- a hydrodesulfurizer is known in which hydrodesulfurization is performed in which a sulfur compound in a raw material gas is reacted with hydrogen on a catalyst to be converted into hydrogen sulfide, and this hydrogen sulfide is removed. It has been.
- the hydrodesulfurizer is heated to a temperature suitable for the hydrogenation reaction and requires hydrogen when performing desulfurization. Therefore, in the fuel cell system, a method is often used in which a part of the hydrogen-containing reformed gas generated in the reformer is added to the raw material gas before flowing into the hydrodesulfurizer and hydrodesulfurization is performed.
- Patent Document 1 As shown in FIG. 8, by providing a recycle gas supply path 113 for allowing a part of the reformed gas from the reformer 104 to flow into the raw fuel supply path 110, the recycle gas is discharged to the atmosphere. It cools by heat dissipation and supplies necessary hydrogen to the hydrodesulfurizer.
- Patent Document 2 As shown in FIG.
- a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the recycle gas and the reforming water is disposed on the circulation path R4 serving as the recycle gas supply path, and the recycle gas is cooled.
- the heat retained by the recycled gas is recovered by the reformed water.
- JP 2011-216308 A International Publication No. 2012/128369 Japanese Patent No. 2999307
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of improving efficiency by recovering heat from recycled gas and performing stable operation as compared with the conventional case. .
- a fuel cell system includes a reformer that generates a reformed gas using a raw material gas, a reformed gas from the reformer, and A fuel cell that generates power using air, a desulfurization device that performs hydrodesulfurization of the raw material gas, and a recycling for sending a part of the reformed gas as a recycled gas to a raw material gas path upstream from the desulfurization device A gas path, and a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path and either the source gas or the air.
- the fuel cell system according to one aspect of the present invention is configured as described above, and can improve efficiency by recovering heat from recycled gas and perform stable operation as compared with the conventional fuel cell system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a fuel cell system according to Example 1 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a fuel cell system according to Example 2 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a fuel cell system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a fuel cell system according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a fuel cell system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional fuel cell system.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system of Embodiment 1 includes a reformer that generates a reformed gas using a raw material gas, a fuel cell that generates power using the reformed gas and air from the reformer, and water of the raw material gas.
- a desulfurization apparatus in which addition desulfurization is performed, a recycle gas path for sending a part of the reformed gas as a recycle gas to a source gas path upstream of the desulfurization apparatus, and a recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path are the source gas and air
- a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with any one of the above.
- Example 1-2 Modification 1-3, and Embodiment 2-3 of Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to the drawings.
- Example 1 The fuel cell system of Example 1 of Embodiment 1 is the fuel cell system of Embodiment 1, wherein the heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange in which the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path exchanges heat with the raw material gas, The source gas flows through the first heat exchanger and the desulfurization device in this order.
- the heat exchanger includes a first heat exchange in which the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path exchanges heat with the raw material gas, The source gas flows through the first heat exchanger and the desulfurization device in this order.
- the first heat exchanger can cool the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path, and can recover heat from the recycle gas using the raw material gas. Therefore, the heat dissipation loss to the outside of the fuel cell system can be reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved. Further, the raw material gas flowing into the desulfurization apparatus can be heated. Therefore, the time until the desulfurization apparatus reaches an appropriate temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or higher) can be shortened. Furthermore, since the recycled gas exchanges heat with the raw material gas, a stable operation of the fuel cell system can be performed.
- the fuel cell system of this example may be configured in the same manner as the fuel cell system of the first embodiment except for the above.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a fuel cell system according to Example 1 of the first embodiment.
- the structure when the fuel cell system 100 of Embodiment 1 is seen from the side part is shown typically.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present embodiment includes a reformer 4, a fuel cell 6, a desulfurization device 3, a raw material gas path 5, a recycle gas path 7, and a first heat exchange. And a vessel 8.
- the reformer 4 generates a reformed gas using the raw material gas. Specifically, in the reformer 4, the raw material gas undergoes a reforming reaction to generate a hydrogen-containing reformed gas.
- the reforming reaction may take any form, and examples thereof include a steam reforming reaction, an autothermal reaction, and a partial oxidation reaction. However, in order to realize high-efficiency operation of the fuel cell system 100, it is preferable that the specification allows not only the partial oxidation reaction but also the steam reforming reaction. If the reforming reaction is a steam reforming reaction, an evaporator that generates steam and a water supply device that supplies water to the evaporator may be provided.
- the steam reforming reaction is more efficient than the partial oxidation reforming reaction because the amount of hydrogen that can be generated from the same amount of raw material gas is higher, but it is excellent in efficiency. Therefore, it is preferable to use radiant heat generated when the fuel cell 6 operates as the amount of heat.
- the source gas is a gas containing an organic compound composed of at least carbon and hydrogen, such as city gas mainly composed of methane, natural gas, and LPG.
- the reforming catalyst of the reformer 4 for example, a catalyst in which a Ni 2 O 3 (alumina) sphere surface is impregnated with Ni and supported, a catalyst in which ruthenium is added to the Al 2 O 3 sphere surface, or the like is used. be able to.
- the reformed gas generated by the reformer 4 is supplied to the fuel cell 6 via the reformed gas supply path.
- the fuel cell 6 generates power using the reformed gas and air from the reformer 4.
- the fuel cell 6 may be of any type, and examples include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a phosphoric acid fuel cell.
- the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell or a molten carbonate fuel cell
- power generation is performed at a high temperature (for example, 600 ° C. or higher).
- a high temperature for example, 600 ° C. or higher.
- a configuration in which this reformer is installed together with the fuel cell inside the (hot module) is often used. Therefore, hereinafter, a configuration in which a solid oxide fuel cell is used as the fuel cell 6 and the reformer 4 is provided in the housing will be described.
- the solid oxide fuel cell 6 uses a reformed gas from the reformer 4 and air (power generation air) from an air supply device (not shown) to generate power. To generate electricity.
- a plurality of fuel cell single cells in which a power generation reaction is performed between a fuel electrode supplied with reformed gas and an air electrode supplied with air are connected in series.
- a cell stack may be formed, or a structure in which cell stacks are connected in parallel may be used.
- the single unit cell for example, a single unit cell composed of zirconia doped with yttria (YSZ), zirconia doped with yttria or scandium, or a lanthanum gallate solid electrolyte can be used.
- the fuel cell unit cell is YSZ
- the power generation reaction is performed in a temperature range of about 600 ° C. to 900 ° C., depending on the thickness.
- the desulfurization apparatus 3 performs hydrodesulfurization of the raw material gas. Specifically, the desulfurization apparatus 3 removes sulfur compounds in the raw material gas supplied to the reformer 4.
- a desulfurization agent for example, a desulfurization agent containing copper and zinc can be used (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- the hydrodesulfurizing agent is not limited to this example, and may be a catalyst in which a Ni-Mo-based or Co-Mo-based catalyst and a zinc oxide-based catalyst are combined.
- the desulfurization apparatus 3 has an operating range of about 150 ° C. to 350 ° C. at an appropriate temperature.
- the content of the sulfur compound in the raw material gas that has passed through the desulfurizer 3 is 1 vol ppb (parts per billion) or less, usually 0.1 vol. ppb or less.
- the recycle gas path 7 is a flow path for sending a part of the reformed gas as a recycle gas to the raw material gas path 5 upstream from the desulfurization apparatus 3.
- the recycle gas path 7 branches off from the reformed gas supply path between the reformer 4 and the fuel cell 6 and joins the raw material gas path 5 upstream of the desulfurization apparatus 3.
- hydrogen can be added to the raw material gas which flows through the raw material gas path 5 and goes to the desulfurization device 3, and as a result, the desulfurization device 3 can perform the above-mentioned hydrodesulfurization using this hydrogen.
- the source gas path 5 is a channel through which the source gas supplied to the reformer 4 flows.
- the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path 7 exchanges heat with the raw material gas.
- source gas distribute circulates the 1st heat exchanger 8 and the desulfurization apparatus 3 in this order.
- the first heat exchanger 8 can cool the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path 7 and can recover heat from the recycle gas using the raw material gas flowing through the source gas path 5. Therefore, heat loss to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 can be reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system 100 can be improved. Moreover, when the desulfurization apparatus 3 is low temperature, the desulfurization apparatus 3 can be heated with raw material gas. Therefore, the time until the desulfurization apparatus 3 reaches an appropriate temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or higher) can be shortened. Furthermore, since the recycled gas exchanges heat with the raw material gas, the fuel cell system 100 can be operated stably.
- the desulfurization apparatus 3, the reformer 4, the fuel cell 6 and the like are arranged in a casing (not shown), and a heat insulating portion (not shown) made of a heat insulating material is arranged on the inner wall of the casing. It doesn't matter. Thereby, the heat dissipation from the inside of a housing
- Example 2 The fuel cell system of Example 2 of Embodiment 1 is the fuel cell system of Embodiment 1, wherein the heat exchanger includes a second heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path, Air flows through the second heat exchanger and the fuel cell in this order.
- the heat exchanger includes a second heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path, Air flows through the second heat exchanger and the fuel cell in this order.
- the second heat exchanger can cool the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path, and can recover heat from the recycle gas using air. Therefore, the heat dissipation loss to the outside of the fuel cell system can be reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved. Further, since the recycle gas exchanges heat with air, the fuel cell system can be stably operated.
- the fuel cell system of this example may be configured in the same manner as the fuel cell system of the first embodiment except for the above.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a fuel cell system according to Example 2 of the first embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present embodiment includes a reformer 4, a fuel cell 6, a desulfurization device 3, a raw material gas path 5, a recycle gas path 7, and a second heat exchange. And a container 9.
- the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path exchanges heat with air. And air distribute
- the second heat exchanger 9 can cool the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path 7 and can recover heat from the recycle gas using the air flowing into the fuel cell 6. Therefore, heat loss to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 is reduced, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system 100 can be improved. In addition, since the recycle gas exchanges heat with air, the fuel cell system 100 can be operated stably.
- Modification 1 The fuel cell system of Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 is the same as the fuel cell system of Example 1 of Embodiment 1, in which a combustion part that burns reformed gas and air that are not used for power generation, and exhaust gas from the combustion part circulates. And a third heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the raw material gas through the exhaust gas route, and the raw material gas comprises the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger and the desulfurization device in this order. Circulate.
- the raw material gas flowing into the desulfurization apparatus can be heated by heat exchange with the recycle gas in the first heat exchanger, and further by heat exchange with the exhaust gas in the third heat exchanger. Can be heated. Therefore, since the temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the desulfurization apparatus becomes higher than that in Example 1 of Embodiment 1, the time until the desulfurization apparatus reaches an appropriate temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or more) is further shortened. it can.
- an appropriate temperature for example, 150 ° C. or more
- the fuel cell system of this modification may be configured in the same manner as the fuel cell system of Example 1 of Embodiment 1 except for the above.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present modification includes a reformer 4, a fuel cell 6, a desulfurization device 3, a raw material gas path 5, a recycle gas path 7, and a first heat exchange.
- the combustion unit 12 burns reformed gas and air that are not used for power generation.
- the exhaust gas path 13 is a flow path through which the exhaust gas from the combustion unit 12 flows. As a result, the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust gas path 13 and is released to the outside of the fuel cell system 100.
- the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas path 13 exchanges heat with the raw material gas.
- source gas distribute circulates the 1st heat exchanger 8, the 3rd heat exchanger 10, and the desulfurization apparatus 3 in this order.
- the raw material gas flowing into the desulfurization apparatus 3 can be heated by heat exchange with the recycle gas in the first heat exchanger 8, and further by heat exchange with the exhaust gas in the third heat exchanger 10. Can be heated. Therefore, since the temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the desulfurization apparatus 3 is further higher than that in Example 1 of the first embodiment, the time until the desulfurization apparatus 3 reaches an appropriate temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or more) is set. Further shortening is possible.
- an appropriate temperature for example, 150 ° C. or more
- Modification 2 The fuel cell system of Modification 2 of Embodiment 1 is the same as the fuel cell system of Example 2 of Embodiment 1, in which a combustion part that burns reformed gas and air that are not used for power generation, and exhaust gas from the combustion part circulates. And a fourth heat exchanger that exchanges heat with air, and the air flows through the second heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger, and the fuel cell in this order. .
- the air flowing into the fuel cell can be heated by heat exchange with the recycle gas in the second heat exchanger and further heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas in the fourth heat exchanger. it can. Therefore, the heat dissipation loss to the outside of the fuel cell system can be further reduced as compared with the case of Example 2 of Embodiment 1, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system can be improved.
- the fuel cell system of this modification may be configured in the same manner as the fuel cell system of Example 2 of Embodiment 1 except for the above.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing an example of a fuel cell system according to Modification 2 of Embodiment 1.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present modification includes a reformer 4, a fuel cell 6, a desulfurization device 3, a raw material gas path 5, a recycle gas path 7, and a second heat exchange.
- the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas path 13 exchanges heat with air. And air distribute
- the air flowing into the fuel cell 6 can be heated by heat exchange with the recycle gas in the second heat exchanger 9 and further heated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas in the fourth heat exchanger. . Therefore, the heat dissipation loss to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 is further reduced as compared with the case of Example 2 of Embodiment 1, and the efficiency of the fuel cell system 100 can be improved.
- the fuel cell system according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1 is the same as the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1, but includes a heater that heats the desulfurization device with the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas path.
- the heat exchangers are distributed in this order.
- the raw material gas heated by heat exchange with the recycle gas in the first heat exchanger exchanges heat with the exhaust gas that has passed through the heater in the third heat exchanger.
- the source gas flowing into the can be further heated. Therefore, since the temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the desulfurization apparatus becomes higher than that in Example 1 of Embodiment 1, the time until the desulfurization apparatus reaches an appropriate temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or more) can be shortened. . Further, since the exhaust gas that has passed through the heater that heats the desulfurization apparatus and the source gas exchange heat, the temperature difference between the source gas and the heater can be reduced. Therefore, the temperature distribution of the desulfurizer can be smoothed.
- the fuel cell system according to the present modification may be configured in the same manner as the fuel cell system according to Modification 1 of Embodiment 1 except for the above.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a fuel cell system according to Modification 3 of Embodiment 1.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present modification includes a reformer 4, a fuel cell 6, a desulfurization device 3, a raw material gas path 5, a recycle gas path 7, and a first heat exchange.
- the reformer 4, the fuel cell 6, the desulfurization device 3, the raw material gas path 5, the recycle gas path 7, the first heat exchanger 8, the combustion unit 12, the third heat exchanger 10 and the exhaust gas path 13 are implemented. Since it is the same as that of the modification 1 of the form 1, description is abbreviate
- the heater 14 heats the desulfurization apparatus 3 with the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas path. And exhaust gas distribute
- the heater 14 may have any configuration as long as the desulfurization apparatus 3 can be heated to an appropriate temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or higher) using the heat of the exhaust gas.
- An example of the heater 14 is a heat exchanger.
- the desulfurization apparatus 3 can be further heated. Therefore, since the temperature of the raw material gas flowing into the desulfurization apparatus 3 is further higher than that in Example 1 of the first embodiment, the time until the desulfurization apparatus 3 reaches an appropriate temperature (for example, 150 ° C. or more) is set. Can be shortened. Moreover, since the exhaust gas and raw material gas which passed the heater 14 which heats the desulfurization apparatus 3 are heat-exchanged, the temperature difference of raw material gas and the heater 14 can be made small.
- the temperature distribution of the desulfurization device 3 can be smoothed, the temperature of the desulfurization device 3 is partially too low and the desired desulfurization performance cannot be exhibited, and the temperature of the desulfurization device 3 is partially high and desulfurization is performed. The problem of carbon deposition from the agent can be suppressed.
- the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment is the same as the fuel cell system according to any one of the first embodiment, the first embodiment of the first embodiment, the first embodiment, and the first variation of the first embodiment.
- the recycle gas is sent to the raw material gas path upstream of the pressurizer.
- the recycle gas can be easily distributed from the reformer on the high pressure side to the raw material gas path on the low pressure side.
- the source gas can be easily distributed to each part of the fuel cell system by boosting the source gas to which the recycle gas is added.
- the recycle gas can be cooled by heat exchange between the recycle gas flowing through the recycle path and either the source gas or the air. Therefore, compared with the past, it is possible to suppress high-temperature deterioration of auxiliary equipment or piping due to the heat of the recycle gas flowing through the recycle path.
- the fuel cell system of this embodiment is the same as the fuel cell system of any one of the first embodiment, the first embodiment of the first embodiment, the first embodiment, and the first variation of the first embodiment. It may be configured.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the present embodiment includes a reformer 4, a fuel cell 6, a desulfurization device 3, a raw material gas path 5, a recycle gas path 7, and a first heat exchange. And a booster 15.
- the booster 15 boosts the raw material gas and supplies it to the desulfurizer 3. Then, the recycle gas is sent to the source gas path 5 upstream of the booster 15. That is, in order to flow a predetermined amount of source gas, the source gas needs to be boosted to a pressure that takes into account the flow path resistance of the equipment downstream of the booster 15.
- the booster 15 may have any configuration as long as the source gas can be boosted. As the booster 15, for example, a constant capacity pump such as a diaphragm can be used.
- the source gas is supplied from a source gas supply source.
- the source gas supply source has a predetermined supply pressure, and examples thereof include a source gas cylinder and a source gas infrastructure.
- the recycle gas in the recycle gas path 7 can be sent to the source gas path 5 on the upstream side of the booster 15, that is, the source gas path 5 before pressurization. For this reason, a sufficient pressure difference between the high-pressure reformer 4 and the low-pressure source gas path 5 can be secured. Therefore, the recycle gas can be easily sent to the source gas path 5.
- the source gas to which the recycle gas is added is boosted by the booster 15 so that the source gas can be easily distributed to each part of the fuel cell system 100.
- the recycle gas can be cooled by heat exchange between the recycle gas and the raw material gas that circulates in the recycle path, the booster 15 (an example of an auxiliary device) or piping (for example, a joint material of the piping) by the heat of the recycle gas, etc. High temperature degradation can be suppressed.
- the fuel cell system 100 of Example 1 of Embodiment 1 is provided with the booster 15, it is not limited to this.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to any of Example 2 of Embodiment 1 and Modification 1-3 of Embodiment 1 may include the same type of booster as the booster 15.
- the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment is recycled in the fuel cell system according to any one of the first embodiment, the first embodiment of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the first modification of the first embodiment, the first modification, and the second embodiment.
- a condenser for removing moisture in the recycle gas flowing through the gas path is provided, and the recycle gas flows through the condenser after flowing through the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger.
- the recycle gas When a part of the reformed gas from the reformer is used as a recycle gas, the recycle gas generally contains water vapor. Therefore, when the recycle gas is cooled, condensed water is generated from the water vapor of the recycle gas. For example, since the recycle gas is cooled by the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger, there is a possibility that the flow path resistance of the recycle gas path is increased by the condensed water or the flow path is blocked. Moreover, there is a possibility of causing damage to auxiliary equipment due to condensed water.
- the moisture of the recycled gas is removed by the condenser, so that such a possibility can be reduced.
- the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment is the fuel cell according to any one of the first embodiment, the first embodiment of the first embodiment, the first modification of the first embodiment, the first modification of the first embodiment, the third modification, and the second embodiment. You may comprise similarly to a system.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a fuel cell system according to the third embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 100 of this embodiment includes a reformer 4, a fuel cell 6, a desulfurization device 3, a raw material gas path 5, a recycle gas path 7, and a first heat exchange.
- the condenser 16 removes moisture (liquid water and water vapor) in the recycle gas flowing through the recycle gas path.
- the recycle gas flows through the condenser 16 after flowing through the first heat exchanger 8.
- the heat exchanger is exemplified as the condenser 16
- any configuration may be used as long as the recycled gas can be cooled.
- moisture content removed by the condenser 16 is isolate
- the recycle gas is cooled in the first heat exchanger 8, and therefore there is a possibility that the flow resistance of the recycle gas path 7 increases due to the condensed water or the flow path is blocked. Is removed by the condenser 16, such a possibility can be reduced. Further, there is a possibility that the booster 15 (an example of an auxiliary device) caused by condensed water may be damaged, but such a possibility can be reduced.
- the structure by which the fuel cell system 100 of Embodiment 2 is provided with the condenser 16 is shown, it is not limited to this.
- the fuel cell system 100 according to any one of Example 1-Example 2 of Embodiment 1 and Modification 1-3 of Embodiment 1 may include the same type of condenser as the condenser 16.
- one embodiment of the present invention in a fuel cell system, efficiency can be improved by heat recovery from recycled gas and stable operation can be performed as compared with the conventional case.
- one embodiment of the present invention can be used, for example, in a fuel cell system.
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Abstract
Description
発明者らは、燃料電池システムにおいて、リサイクルガスからの熱回収による効率向上及び安定した運転動作の点で従来例の問題を鋭意検討し、以下の知見を得た。
実施形態1の実施例1の燃料電池システムは、実施形態1の燃料電池システムにおいて、熱交換器は、リサイクルガス経路を流通するリサイクルガスが原料ガスと熱交換する第一の熱交換を備え、原料ガスは第一の熱交換器及び脱硫装置をこの順番に流通する。
図1は、実施形態1の実施例1の燃料電池システムの一例を示した図である。図1では、実施形態1の燃料電池システム100を側部から見たときの構成が模式的に示されている。
実施形態1の実施例2の燃料電池システムは、実施形態1の燃料電池システムにおいて、熱交換器は、リサイクルガス経路を流通するリサイクルガスが空気と熱交換する第二の熱交換器を備え、空気は第二の熱交換器及び燃料電池をこの順番に流通する。
図2は、実施形態1の実施例2の燃料電池システムの一例を示した図である。
実施形態1の変形例1の燃料電池システムは、実施形態1の実施例1の燃料電池システムにおいて、発電に未利用の改質ガス及び空気を燃焼する燃焼部と、燃焼部からの排ガスが流通する排ガス経路と、排ガス経路を流通する排ガスが原料ガスと熱交換する第三の熱交換器を備え、原料ガスは第一の熱交換器、第三の熱交換器及び脱硫装置をこの順番に流通する。
図3は、実施形態1の変形例1の燃料電池システムの一例を示した図である。
実施形態1の変形例2の燃料電池システムは、実施形態1の実施例2の燃料電池システムにおいて、発電に未利用の改質ガス及び空気を燃焼する燃焼部と、燃焼部からの排ガスが流通する排ガス経路と、排ガス経路を流通する排ガスが空気と熱交換する第四の熱交換器を備え、空気は第二の熱交換器、第四の熱交換器及び燃料電池をこの順番に流通する。
図4は、実施形態1の変形例2の燃料電池システムの一例を示した図である。
実施形態1の変形例3の燃料電池システムは、実施形態1の変形例1の燃料電池システムにおいて、排ガス経路を流通する排ガスにより脱硫装置を加熱する加熱器を備え、排ガスが加熱器及び第三の熱交換器をこの順番に流通する。
図5は、実施形態1の変形例3の燃料電池システムの一例を示した図である。
実施形態2の燃料電池システムは、実施形態1、実施形態1の実施例1-実施例2及び実施形態1の変形例1-変形例3のいずれかの燃料電池システムにおいて、原料ガスを昇圧して脱硫装置に供給する昇圧装置を備え、リサイクルガスは昇圧装置の上流の原料ガス経路に送られる。
図6は、実施形態2の燃料電池システムの一例を示した図である。
実施形態3の燃料電池システムは、実施形態1、実施形態1の実施例1-実施例2、実施形態1の変形例1-変形例3及び実施形態2のいずれかの燃料電池システムにおいて、リサイクルガス経路を流通するリサイクルガス中の水分を除去する凝縮器を備え、リサイクルガスは、第一の熱交換器又は第二の熱交換器を流通した後、凝縮器を流通する。
図7は、実施形態3の燃料電池システムの一例を示した図である。
4 改質器
6 燃料電池
7 リサイクルガス経路
8 第一の熱交換器
9 第二の熱交換器
10 第三の熱交換器
11 第四の熱交換器
12 燃焼部
13 排ガス経路
14 加熱器
15 昇圧装置
16 凝縮器
100 燃料電池システム
Claims (8)
- 原料ガスを用いて改質ガスを生成する改質器と、前記改質器からの改質ガス及び空気を用いて発電する燃料電池と、前記改質器に供給される前記原料ガスの水添脱硫が行われる脱硫装置と、前記改質ガスの一部をリサイクルガスとして前記脱硫装置よりも上流の原料ガス経路に送るためのリサイクルガス経路と、前記リサイクルガス経路を流通する前記リサイクルガスが前記原料ガス及び前記空気のうちのいずれか一方と熱交換する熱交換器と、を備える燃料電池システム。
- 前記熱交換器は、前記リサイクルガス経路を流通するリサイクルガスが前記原料ガスと熱交換する第一の熱交換器を備え、前記原料ガスは前記第一の熱交換器及び前記脱硫装置をこの順番に流通する請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記熱交換器は、前記リサイクルガス経路を流通するリサイクルガスが前記空気と熱交換する第二の熱交換器を備え、
前記空気は前記第二の熱交換器及び前記燃料電池をこの順番に流通する請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 発電に未利用の前記改質ガス及び前記空気を燃焼する燃焼部と、前記燃焼部からの排ガスが流通する排ガス経路と、前記排ガス経路を流通する排ガスが前記原料ガスと熱交換する第三の熱交換器を備え、
前記原料ガスは前記第一の熱交換器、前記第三の熱交換器及び前記脱硫装置をこの順番に流通する請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 発電に未利用の前記改質ガス及び前記空気を燃焼する燃焼部と、前記燃焼部からの排ガスが流通する排ガス経路と、前記排ガス経路を流通する排ガスが前記空気と熱交換する第四の熱交換器を備え、
前記空気は前記第二の熱交換器、前記第四の熱交換器及び前記燃料電池をこの順番に流通する請求項3に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記排ガス経路を流通する排ガスにより前記脱硫装置を加熱する加熱器を備え、前記排ガスが前記加熱器及び前記第三の熱交換器をこの順番に流通する請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。
- 前記原料ガスを昇圧して前記脱硫装置に供給する昇圧装置を備え、
前記リサイクルガスは前記昇圧装置の上流の前記原料ガス経路に送られる、請求項1-6のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記リサイクルガス経路を流通する前記リサイクルガス中の水分を除去する凝縮器を備え、
前記リサイクルガスは、前記第一の熱交換器又は第二の熱交換器を流通した後、前記凝縮器を流通する請求項1-7のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システム。
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