WO2014082305A1 - 含噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

含噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2014082305A1
WO2014082305A1 PCT/CN2012/085677 CN2012085677W WO2014082305A1 WO 2014082305 A1 WO2014082305 A1 WO 2014082305A1 CN 2012085677 W CN2012085677 W CN 2012085677W WO 2014082305 A1 WO2014082305 A1 WO 2014082305A1
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alkyl
reaction
same
methyl
butyl
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PCT/CN2012/085677
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周明杰
管榕
李满园
黄佳乐
黎乃元
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海洋王照明科技股份有限公司
深圳市海洋王照明工程有限公司
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Application filed by 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司, 深圳市海洋王照明工程有限公司 filed Critical 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN201280076702.7A priority Critical patent/CN104769002B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2012/085677 priority patent/WO2014082305A1/zh
Priority to EP12889115.7A priority patent/EP2927258B1/en
Priority to US14/646,771 priority patent/US9365679B2/en
Priority to JP2015544297A priority patent/JP6096312B2/ja
Priority to JP2015544301A priority patent/JP6096315B2/ja
Priority to CN201280076704.6A priority patent/CN104769004B/zh
Priority to EP12889159.5A priority patent/EP2927260B1/en
Priority to US14/647,631 priority patent/US9328194B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/085741 priority patent/WO2014082313A1/zh
Publication of WO2014082305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014082305A1/zh

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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a benzodithiophene copolymer, and more particularly to a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit, and a preparation method and application thereof.
  • Organic solar cells have attracted much attention as potential renewable energy sources due to their incomparable advantages in inorganic solar cells, such as low cost, process cartridges, light weight, and large-area flexible preparation. In the past decade, the performance of organic solar cells has improved and the energy conversion efficiency is close to 10%.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit, which is a benzodithiophene monomer and a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene
  • the monomer series of copolymers push the edge of the absorption band toward the red and near-infrared regions to better match the emission of sunlight.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit.
  • Still another object of the present invention is to provide a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit in a polymer solar cell, an organic electroluminescence, an organic field effect transistor, an organic optical storage, Applications in the fields of organic nonlinear materials and organic lasers.
  • R 2 is each selected from H or to. ⁇ alkyl; R 3 , R4 are respectively selected from 11, to. An alkyl group, a Ci to C 16 alkoxy group or a d to C 16 alkyl substituted thienyl group; an alkyl group selected from C! to C 16 ; n is a natural number between 7 and 80.
  • the alkyl group is a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group
  • the alkoxy group is a linear alkoxy group or a branched alkoxy group
  • n is a natural number between 8 and 60.
  • R 2 In the benzodithiophene-based copolymer, it is the same as R 2 and/or R 3 is the same as R 4 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 5 are selected from the following combinations:
  • R 3 and R 4 are methyl, R 5 is n-butyl; or, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are both H, R 5 is methyl; or, ethyl, R 2 is pentyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 3-methylthienyl, 2-methylbutyl; or, R 2 is the same, all are propyl; R 3 is 12 alkyl; R 4 is ethoxy; 4-dimethyl-3-ethylheptyl; or, butyl, 12 alkyl, R 3 is 14 alkoxy, R 4 is octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl; Or, R 2 is the same, all are H; R 3 is octyloxy; R 4 is H; R 5 is 16 alkyl; or, is hexyl; R 2 is H; R 3 is 2-methylthienyl; Is H; is octyl; or, is 16 alkyl; R 2 is H; R 3 is methoxy
  • a further technical solution of the present invention is a method for preparing a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit, which comprises the following steps, In an anaerobic environment,
  • R 3 and R 4 are each selected from the group consisting of 11, to [ 16 , alkyl, Ci to C 16 alkoxy or d to C 16 alkyl substituted thienyl; is selected from a C to C 16 alkyl group; n is a natural number between 7-80; wherein, a molar ratio of Ml and M2 is!
  • the solvent is selected from toluene, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, One or more of hydrazine, hydrazine-dimethylformamide
  • the catalyst is an organic palladium catalyst or a mixture of an organic palladium catalyst and an organophosphine ligand, and the molar addition amount is 0.01% to 5% of the raw material ⁇ 2
  • the organic palladium catalyst is Pd 2 (dba) 3 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 , and the molar ratio of the mixture of the organic palladium catalyst and the organophosphine ligand is 1:2 to 1: 20
  • the organophosphine ligand comprises P(o-Tol) 3 or tricyclohexylphosphine; the reaction temperature is from 60 ° C to 120 ° C, and the reaction time is from 12 to 72 hours.
  • the compound B and the compound C are added to the solvent in a molar ratio of 1:1, the solvent is ethanol or propanol, heated to 78-100 ° C for reflux reaction, and then a reducing agent is added, the reducing agent is hydrogen Potassium oxide or sodium hydroxide, the molar ratio of the compound B is 5:1; when the reaction liquid turns into dark green, the reaction is continued for another 10 minutes to obtain a compound D;
  • the alkyl group is a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group
  • the alkoxy group is a linear alkoxy group or a branched alkoxy group
  • n is between 8 and 60 A natural number.
  • R 3 and R 4 are the same; or, R 2 , R 3 , and 5 are selected from the following combination: and R 3 and R 4 are methyl, R 5 Is n-butyl; or, R 2 , R 3 , R4 are all H, R 5 is methyl; or, is ethyl, R 2 is pentyl, R 3 is H, and R 4 is 3-methylthienyl , for 2- Methyl butyl; or, R 2 is the same, all are propyl; R 3 is 12 alkyl; R 4 is ethoxy; 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylheptyl; or, , R 2 is 12 alkyl, R 3 is 14 alkoxy, R 4 is octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl; or, R 2 is the same, both are H; R 3 is octyl R4 is H; is 16 alkyl; or, is hexyl
  • a benzodithiophene copolymer using any of the above thieno[3,4-b]thiophene units is used in a polymer solar cell, a polymer organic electroluminescence, Polymers are used in organic field effect transistors, polymer organic optical storage, polymer organic nonlinear materials or polymer organic lasers.
  • the present invention facilitates broadening the light absorption range of the polymer to the infrared, near-infrared region by selecting a suitable monomer in the semiconductor polymer backbone.
  • the strategy employed in the present invention is to introduce an electron-rich donor into the polymer backbone.
  • the unit and the electron-deficient acceptor unit reduce the energy gap of the conjugated polymer by the interaction of this "push-pull electron" in the acceptor, causing its absorption band to move toward the infrared and near-infrared low energy bands.
  • the invention adopts a benzodithiophene derivative, and the two thiophenes pass through the benzene ring fused ring in a plane, which enhances the planarity and the rigid structure, and has high light, heat and environmental stability.
  • the centrally located benzene ring reduces the number of electrons rich in the thiophene ring on both sides, giving it a lower maximum occupied orbital (HOMO) level. It has an extended conjugated large ⁇ bond system, and the ⁇ - ⁇ stack between ⁇ bonds has high carrier mobility. Therefore, it has broad application value in fields such as organic electronics, and can be used for research and development. Cost-effective organic solar cells.
  • the route of synthesizing benzodithiophene monomer M1 and thieno[3,4-b]thiophene monomer M2 is relatively simple and mature, and it is easy to increase the solubility and molecular weight of the product by introducing an alkyl group.
  • the benzodithiophene monomer M1 is an excellent donor material
  • the thieno[3,4-b]thiophene monomer M2 is a very excellent acceptor material composed of the monomers Ml and M2.
  • the polymer can form a donor-acceptor structure, which on the one hand is beneficial to improve the stability of the material, on the other hand, it is beneficial to reduce the energy band gap of the material, thereby expanding the solar absorption range and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency;
  • the Stille reaction (Stiler coupling reaction) employed in the present invention is a very mature polymerization reaction with high yield, mild conditions and easy control.
  • Example 1 is a schematic structural view of an organic solar cell device obtained in Example 9;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an organic electroluminescent device prepared in Example 10;
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the structure of an organic field effect transistor device obtained in the eleventh embodiment.
  • the present invention provides a benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit, which is first enhanced by re-condensing a cyclopentadiene cyclic ketone structure on a benzene ring.
  • the flatness and conjugate degree of the fused ring system thereby increasing its carrier mobility; meanwhile, the present application introduces a thiophene ring on both sides of the cyclopentadienone and introduces an alkane at the 3, 4 position on the thiophene.
  • the base is modified to improve its solubility.
  • the present invention also forms a "weak donor-strong acceptor" copolymer molecule by copolymerizing a benzothiophene monomer with a strong acceptor unit thieno[3,4-b]thiophene, which is advantageous for lowering
  • the optical energy gap of the molecule expands the light absorption range of the material and improves the utilization of sunlight by the material.
  • the benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit has the following structure:
  • R 2 is the same or different, and is H or to.
  • the alkyl group of ⁇ including a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group, or may also be a cycloalkyl group or the like;
  • R 3 and R 4 are the same or different, and R 3 and R 4 are H or C! to C 16 alkyl group, d a thienyl group substituted with a C 16 alkoxy group or a d to a C 16 alkyl group; a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group of C! to C 16 ;
  • n is a natural number between 8 and 60.
  • Yet another example is the preparation of a benzodithiophene copolymer containing the above thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit.
  • the mixture is placed in a solvent and refluxed under the action of a catalyst to obtain a benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit.
  • the molar ratio of M1 to M2 is 1:1 to 1.5:1; for example, the molar ratio of M1 to M2 is 1.12:1, 1.2:1, 1.3:1, 1.35:1, 1.4:1 or 1.48:1, etc. .
  • M2 is 4,6-dibromo-2-(1-octanone)-thieno[3,4-b]thiophene or 4,6-dibromo-2-(1-(2-ethylhexanone) )) - Thieno[3,4-b]thiophene, etc., depending on the preparation, the preparation method is prior art.
  • the above two raw materials M1 and M2 are placed in a solvent in an oxygen-free environment, and the reaction is refluxed under the action of a catalyst.
  • the above reaction is carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.
  • nitrogen is charged.
  • R 2 is each selected from H or to.
  • An alkyl group for example, R 2 is independently selected from H or to.
  • a linear alkyl or branched alkyl group of ⁇ such as hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, isobutyl, 4-methylheptyl, and the like.
  • the repeating structural unit of the benzodithiophene-based copolymer is indicated in parentheses, and the * sign indicates extension to the next repeating structural unit.
  • R 3 and R 4 are each selected from the group consisting of H, Ci to C 16 alkyl, Ci to C 16 alkoxy or d to C 16 alkyl substituted thienyl; for example, R 3 and R 4 are each selected from H to C 16 a linear alkyl or branched alkyl group, a C 16 linear alkoxy group or a branched alkoxy group, or a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group substituted with a C 16 group, for example, a hydrogen group, a positive Pentyl, isobutyl, 4-methylheptyl, 2-methyl 4-ethylindenyl, isopropoxy, n-pentyloxy, thienyl, 2-methylthienyl, 3-ethylthio Bytes and so on.
  • R 5 is selected from C! to C 16 alkyl; for example, a linear alkyl or branched alkyl group selected from C! to C 16 such as methyl, ethyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, 4- Methyl heptyl, 2-methyl 4-ethylindenyl, and the like.
  • n is a natural number between 7 and 80; for example, n is a natural number between 8 and 60, for example, n is a natural number between 10 and 50, for example, n is a natural number between 15 and 45, For example, n is 18, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 42 and the like.
  • the ratio of reactants and/or reaction time is controlled based on subsequent product applications to control the degree of polymerization.
  • the solvent is one or more of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, hydrazine, hydrazine-dimethylformamide, and the reaction solvent is sufficient.
  • the sufficient amount generally means complete dissolution, complete support reaction, and the like.
  • the solvent is toluene, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, hydrazine, hydrazine-dimethylformamide, or the solvent is a mixed solvent of a molar ratio of toluene to tetrahydrofuran of 1:1 to 1.5:1, as described above.
  • the solvent is a mixed solvent of toluene and tetrahydrofuran, and the benzene molar ratio is 1:1:1 to 2:1:2, and generally, the molar ratio of toluene, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, hydrazine, hydrazine-dimethylformamide is preferably A mixed solvent of 1:1:1:1 or a mixed solvent of a toluene to benzene molar ratio of 1:1.
  • the reaction must be carried out in an oxygen-free environment; for example, under a nitrogen atmosphere; or, it may be filled with nitrogen or an inert gas or the like.
  • the catalyst is an organic palladium catalyst or a mixture of an organic palladium catalyst and an organophosphine ligand, and the molar addition amount is 0.01% to 5% of the raw material ⁇ 2.
  • the organic palladium catalyst is Pd 2 (dba) 3 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 ; the molar ratio of the mixture of the organic palladium catalyst and the organophosphine ligand is 1:2-20.
  • the catalyst is an organic palladium catalyst or a mixture of an organic palladium catalyst and an organophosphine ligand, and the molar addition amount is 0.01% to 5% of the raw material M2; and the organic phosphine ligand includes P(o-Tol) 3 or a tricyclic ring. Hexylphosphine) or a combination of the two; for example, the molar addition amount of the catalyst is 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.45%, 0.67%, 0.8%, 1.1%, 2.3%, etc.
  • the organic palladium catalyst is Pd 2 (dba) 3 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 or Pd(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2
  • the molar ratio of the mixture of the organic palladium catalyst and the organophosphine ligand is 1:2 to 1:20.
  • the molar ratio of the mixture of the organic palladium catalyst and the organophosphine ligand is 1:2.5, 1:3, 1:5, 1:6.8, 1:8, 1:9, 1:11, 1:14 , 1:18 or 1:19.5, etc.
  • the molar ratio of Pd 2 (dba) 3 to P(o-Tol) 3 is 1:3 or 1:2.
  • the reaction temperature is 60 ° C ⁇ 12 (TC, reaction time is 12 ⁇ 72h.
  • the reaction temperature is 61 ° C, 65 ° C, 72 ° C, 78 ° C, 80.5 ° C, 87 ° C, 91 ° C
  • the reaction time is 12.5 hours, 14 hours, 22 hours, 24 hours, 28 hours, 37 hours, 44 hours, 49 hours, 56 hours, 64 hours or 71 hours, and the like.
  • the reaction temperature is matched with the reaction time, and when the reaction temperature is high, the reaction time is relatively decreased, and the selection may be carried out according to the actual conditions of the sufficient reaction.
  • the synthesis step of the raw material M1 is as follows:
  • Step 1 After dissolving Compound A in an appropriate amount of dichloromethane, it was added dropwise to a DCC (1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) by a syringe under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • DCC 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
  • the reaction time is 8 to 24 hours, for example, the molar ratio of the compound A: DCC: DMAP is 3.5: 3: 1, 3: 3: 1.5, or 2: 2.2: 1; for example, the reaction time is 8.5. Hours, 9 hours, 11 hours, 15.5 hours, 18 hours or 22 hours, etc.
  • Step 2 Add Compound B and Compound C to the solvent at a molar ratio of 1.0:1.0, heat to 78-100 ° C, reflux, and then add appropriate amount of potassium hydroxide / sodium hydroxide, the molar ratio of B to B: 5:1 When the reaction liquid turns into dark green and then reacts for 8 to 12 minutes, preferably 10 minutes, to obtain a product, that is, compound D; wherein, the solvent is ethanol, propanol, etc.
  • the molar ratio of the compound B to the compound C is 1:1, and it is added to ethanol, propanol or a mixture of the two, for example, the molar ratio of ethanol to propanol is 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, and the like.
  • Heating to 78 ⁇ 100 °C for reflux reaction for example, heating to 80 ° C, 85 ° C, 90 ° C, 91 ° C, 96 ° C or 99 ° C for reflux reaction; before heating, during heating Or, when the heating reaches 78 ° C or higher, a reducing agent is added; preferably, a reducing agent such as sodium hydroxide is added at a molar ratio of 5:1 to the compound B when the heating reaches 78 ° C or higher.
  • R 3 and R4 are the same; and, like, R 3 and R 4 are different; or R 2 is different from R 2 , and R 3 is the same as R 4 .
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 5 are selected from the group consisting of: R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups, and R 5 is n-butyl group; or, R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are both H.
  • R 5 is methyl; or, is ethyl, R 2 is pentyl, R 3 is H, R 4 is 3-methylthienyl, 2-methylbutyl; or, R 2 is the same, Propyl; 12 alkyl; R4 ethoxy; 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylheptyl; or, butyl, 12 alkyl, R 3 14 alkoxy, R4 Is octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl; or, R 2 is the same, all are H; R 3 is octyloxy; R 4 is H; R 5 is 16 alkyl; or, is hexyl ; R 2 is H; R 3 is 2-methylthienyl; R 4 is H; is octyl; or, is 16 alkyl; R 2 is H; R 3 is methoxy; H is methyl; Or, is H; R 2 is methyl; R 3 is 16 alkoxy; R 4 is H; is butyl;
  • benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit has the following structure:
  • R 2 is the same or differently represented by H or an alkyl group of C 16
  • R 2 is each selected from H or C! to C 16 alkyl; for example, R 2 is independently selected from H or C! to C 16 linear alkyl or branched alkyl, such as hydrogen, A Base, ethyl, propyl, n-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, isobutyl, 4-methylheptyl, decyl, linear or branched 12 alkyl, straight or branched 16 alkyl Wait.
  • the repeating structural unit of the benzodithiophene-based copolymer is indicated in parentheses, and the * sign indicates extension to the next repeating structural unit.
  • R 3 and R 4 are each selected from the group consisting of H, Ci to C 16 alkyl, Ci to C 16 alkoxy or d to C 16 alkyl substituted thienyl; for example, R 3 and R 4 are each selected from H to C 16 a linear alkyl or branched alkyl group, a C 16 linear alkoxy group or a branched alkoxy group, or a C!
  • C 16 linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl substituted thienyl group for example, a hydrogen group, N-pentyl, isobutyl, 4-methylheptyl, 2-methyl 4-ethylindenyl, isopropoxy, n-pentyloxy, thienyl, 2-methylthienyl, 3-ethyl Thienyl and the like.
  • C is selected from linear alkyl or branched alkyl to C 16, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, 4-methyl! Heptyl, 2-methyl 4-ethylindenyl and the like.
  • alkyl moiety and all fluorinated alkyl groups are substituted.
  • n is a natural number between 7 and 80.
  • n is a natural number between 8 and 60.
  • n is a natural number between 10 and 50.
  • n is a natural number between 15 and 45.
  • n is 18, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 42 and the like.
  • the ratio of reactants and/or reaction time is controlled to control the degree of polymerization based on subsequent product applications.
  • R 3 and R4 are the same; and, like, R 3 and R 4 are different; or, unlike R 4 , R 3 is the same as R 4 .
  • R 3 and R 4 are a methyl group and are n-butyl groups; or, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are both H and R 5 is a methyl group.
  • R 2 is pentyl
  • R 3 is H
  • R 4 is 3-methylthienyl
  • 2-methylbutyl it may be n-pentyl or isopentyl, that is, a linear alkyl group or a branched alkyl group, the same applies hereinafter.
  • Another example is that
  • R 2 is the same, all are propyl; R 3 is 12 alkyl; R 4 is ethoxy; 2,4-dimethyl-3-ethylheptyl.
  • Another example is that
  • R 2 is a 12 alkyl group, a 14 alkoxy group
  • R 4 is an octyl group, which is a 2,2,4 trimethylpentyl group.
  • Example 1 discloses a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit having the following structure.
  • R 2 is the same, all are H; R 3 is octyloxy; R 4 is H; R 5 is 16 alkyl; n
  • MALDI-TOF-MS Mass-Assisted Laser Desorption I Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
  • oxalyl chloride on the first day For example, add 1 mL of oxalyl chloride on the first day, add 1 mL of oxalyl chloride on the third day, and add 1 mL of oxalyl chloride on the 5th day; or, add 1 mL of oxalyl chloride on the first day, and add 0.5 mL on the second day.
  • Oxalyl chloride 1.5 mL of oxalyl chloride was added on the 5th day; or, 0.5 mL of oxalyl chloride was added on the first day, 1 mL of oxalyl chloride was added on the 3rd day, and 1.5 mL of oxalyl chloride was added on the 5th day.
  • the temperature of the n-hexane is the same as the reaction temperature, or the temperature of the n-hexane is the reaction temperature ⁇ 5 ° C; for example, by the molar ratio, potassium hydroxide The amount used is 5 times that of 1,3-bis(2-thiophene)acetone.
  • reaction was stopped after 24 h of reaction. After adding 50 mL of n-hexane, the reaction solution was slowly poured into ice water, and the extracted organic phase was washed with 5% NaHC0 3 , saturated NaCl solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and then evaporated. An excess of trimethyltin chloride was distilled off to obtain a product.
  • the polymer solution was rotary-screwed to about 5 ml, and it was dropped into a methanol solvent and stirred for several hours. Finally, the polymer is collected and dried. The polymer is extracted with a Soxhlet extractor to increase the monodispersity of the molecular weight of the polymer.
  • R 2 is H
  • R 3 is a 2-methylthienyl group
  • R4 is H
  • n 55.
  • reaction was incubated at -78 ° C for 2 h, then 4.5 mL, 15 mmol of trimethyltin chloride was added, and the reaction was allowed to return to room temperature after 0.5 h of incubation. The reaction was stopped after 24 h of reaction. After adding 50 mL of n-hexane, the reaction solution was slowly poured into ice water, and the extracted organic phase was washed with 5% NaHC0 3 , saturated NaCl solution, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and then evaporated. Excessive amount of trimethyltin chloride was distilled off to obtain a product.
  • the polymer solution was rotary-screwed to about 5 ml, and it was dropped into a methanol solvent and stirred for several hours. Finally, the polymer is collected and dried. The polymer is extracted with a Soxhlet extractor to increase the monodispersity of the molecular weight of the polymer.
  • Example 3 This example discloses a benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit having the following structure:
  • the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the reaction liquid was evaporated to about 5 ml by distillation under reduced pressure, and the mixture was added dropwise to 300 ml of anhydrous methanol and stirred for about 4 hours, and a solid precipitate was gradually formed.
  • a solid powder is obtained.
  • the solid powder was dissolved in chloroform, and the column was passed through a neutral alumina column to remove the catalyst Pd 2 (dba) 3 .
  • the polymer solution was rotary-screwed to about 5 ml, and it was dropped into a methanol solvent and stirred for several hours. Finally, the polymer is collected and dried. The polymer is extracted with a Soxhlet extractor to increase the monodispersity of the molecular weight of the polymer.
  • Example 4 This example discloses a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit having the following structure:
  • Example 5 This example discloses a benzodithiophene having the following thieno[3,4-b]thiophene units.
  • the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the reaction liquid was evaporated to about 5 ml by distillation under reduced pressure, and the mixture was dropped into 300 ml of anhydrous methanol and stirred for about 4 hours, and solid precipitated gradually. After suction filtration and drying, a solid powder is obtained. The solid powder was dissolved in chloroform, and the catalyst was passed through a neutral alumina column to remove the catalyst tetrakistriphenyl palladium. Finally, the polymer solution was rotary evaporated to about 5 ml, and it was dropped into a methanol solvent and stirred for several hours. Finally, the polymer is collected and dried. The polymer is extracted by a Soxhlet extractor to increase the monodispersity of the molecular weight of the polymer.
  • Example 7 This example discloses a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit having the following structure:
  • the solid powder was dissolved in chloroform, and the catalyst was passed through a neutral alumina column to remove the catalyst tetrakistriphenyl palladium. Finally, the polymer solution was rotary evaporated to about 5 ml, and it was dropped into a methanol solvent and stirred for several hours. Finally, the polymer is collected and dried. The polymer is extracted with a Soxhlet extractor to increase the monodispersity of the molecular weight of the polymer.
  • Embodiment 8 This embodiment discloses a benzodithiophene group containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit having the following structure.
  • the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the reaction liquid was evaporated to about 5 ml by distillation under reduced pressure.
  • the mixture was added dropwise to 300 ml of anhydrous methanol and stirred for about 4 times.
  • suction filtration and drying a solid powder was obtained.
  • the solid powder was dissolved in chloroform, and the catalyst was passed through a neutral alumina column to remove the catalyst tetrakistriphenyl palladium.
  • the polymer solution was rotary evaporated to about 5 ml, and it was dropped into a methanol solvent and stirred for several hours. Finally, the polymer is collected and dried. The polymer is extracted with a Soxhlet extractor to increase the monodispersity of the molecular weight of the polymer.
  • the present invention also provides a benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit provided in any of the above embodiments in a polymer solar cell, a polymer organic electroluminescence, a polymer Applications in organic field effect transistors, polymer organic optical storage, polymer organic nonlinear materials or polymer organic lasers. Several specific embodiments are given below.
  • Example 9 is an organic solar cell device in which the copolymer of the above Example 1, that is, a benzodithiophene copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit, is an active layer material, and its structure is as shown in FIG. Shown.
  • the device structure is glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/active layer/A1, wherein ITO (indium tin oxide) is indium tin oxide with a sheet resistance of 10-20 ⁇ / ⁇ , PEDOT is poly(3) , 4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PSS is poly(styrenesulfonic acid); ITO glass is ultrasonically cleaned, treated with oxygen-Plasma, coated on ITO PEDOT: PSS, the copolymer of the above Example 1 was used as an electron donor material and PCBM as an electron acceptor material by a spin coating technique, and a metal aluminum electrode was prepared by a vacuum evaporation technique to obtain an organic solar cell device.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • PEDOT poly(3) , 4-ethylenedioxythiophene
  • PSS poly(styrenesulfonic acid)
  • ITO glass is ultrasonically cleaned, treated with oxygen-Plasma, coated on ITO PEDOT: PSS, the copolymer of the above Example
  • Example 10 an organic electroluminescent device comprising the copolymer of the above Example 2, that is, a benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit, is a light-emitting layer material, and its structure is as shown in the figure 2 is shown.
  • ITO/copolymer of the invention/LiF/Al depositing a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a sheet resistance of 10-20 ⁇ / ⁇ on a glass substrate as a transparent anode
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • a layer of the copolymer of the above Example 2 was prepared on ITO as a light-emitting layer, and LiF was vacuum-deposited on the light-emitting layer to serve as a buffer layer, and finally metal A1 was vapor-deposited as a cathode of the device.
  • Example 11 an organic field-effect transistor having a copolymer containing the above-mentioned Example 3, that is, a benzodithiophene-based copolymer containing a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene unit, is an organic semiconductor material, and its structure is as shown in FIG. Shown.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物及其制备方法与应用,该聚合物具有如结构式(I)。其中R1、R2分别选自H或C1至C16的烷基;R3、R4分别选自H、C1至C16的烷基、C1至C16烷氧基或C1至C16烷基取代的噻吩基;R5选自C1至C16的烷基;n为7至80之间的一自然数。以及,该含噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物在聚合物太阳能电池、聚合物有机电致发光、聚合物有机场效应晶体管、聚合物有机光存储、聚合物有机非线性材料或聚合物有机激光中的应用。

Description

说明书 发明名称: 含噻喻并 [3,4-b】噻喻单元的苯并二噻喻类共聚物及其制备方法与应用 【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种苯并二噻吩类共聚物, 尤其涉及一种含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并 二噻吩类共聚物及其制备方法与应用。
【背景技术】
有机太阳能电池由于具有无机太阳能电池无法比拟的一些优点, 如成本低廉, 制作工 艺筒单, 产品重量轻, 可大面积柔性制备等优点而作为一种具有潜力的可再生能源受到人 们的广泛关注。 在过去的十年里, 有机太阳能电池的性能提高了, 能量转换效率接近 10%。
尽管有机太阳能电池的能量转换效率得到了大幅提高, 但是, 到目前为止, 有机太阳 能电池的光电转换效率比无机太阳能电池还是要低很多。 因此, 要想实现有机太阳能电池 的商业化, 开发新型的有机半导体材料对于提高有机太阳能电池的效率具有重要意义。
由于近年来在共轭聚合物的设计和器件制造工艺上的进步, 聚合物太阳能电池的效率 已取得很大提高。聚合物太阳能电池未来面临的挑战之一就是合成新型的 P-型共轭聚合物, 它需要具备以下特点: (a ) 良好的溶解性, 有利于溶剂加工, 实现工业化生产; (b)对整个 太阳光光语有宽而强的吸收; (c)高的载流子迁移率, 有利于载流子传输。 其中如何拓宽聚 合物材料的光吸收范围, 使其光吸收范围最大程度地覆盖整个太阳光光语将是研究的重点。 在半导体聚合物骨架中选择合适的单体, 有利于将聚合物的光吸收范围拓宽到红外、 近红 外光区。 但是, 具体如何选择, 是现有技术未能解决的问题。 【发明内容】
本发明的一个目的是提供一种含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物,是苯并 二噻吩类单体与噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩类单体系列的共聚物,将其吸收带边沿推向红光及近红外 区, 以更好的匹配太阳光的发射光语。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制 备方法。
本发明的又一个目的是提供一种含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物在聚 合物太阳能电池, 有机电致发光, 有机场效应晶体管, 有机光存储, 有机非线性材料和有 机激光等领域中的应用。
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, 、 R2分别选自 H或 至。^的烷基; R3、 R4分别选自 11、 至。^的烷基、 Ci至 C16烷氧基或 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基; 选自 C!至 C16的烷基; n为 7至 80之间 的一自然数。
所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物中, 所述烷基为直链烷基或支链烷基, 所述烷氧基为直链 烷氧基或支链烷氧基。
所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物中, n为 8至 60之间的一自然数。
所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物中, 与 R2相同, 和 /或 , R3与 R4相同。
所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物中, 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5选自以下一种组合:
与 为 R3与 R4为甲基, R5为正丁基; 或者, 、 R2、 R3、 R4均为 H, R5为甲 基; 或者, 为乙基, R2为戊基, R3为 H, R4为 3-甲基噻吩基, 为 2-甲基丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为丙基; R3为 12烷基; R4为乙氧基; 为 2,4-二甲基 -3-乙基庚基; 或者, 为丁基, 为 12烷基, R3为 14烷氧基, R4为辛基, 为 2,2,4-三甲基戊基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为辛氧基; R4为 H; R5为 16烷基; 或者, 为己基; R2为 H; R3为 2-甲基噻吩基; R4为 H; 为辛基; 或者, 为 16烷基; R2为 H; R3为甲氧基; 为 H; 为甲基; 或者, 为 H; R2为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为甲基; 为 16烷氧基; 为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为己基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 相同, 均为 H; R3为甲基; 为 H; 为 丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3、 R4相同, 均为 H; 为丁基。
本发明的又一个技术方案是,一种含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制 备方法, 其包括以下步骤, 在无氧的环境下, 将
Figure imgf000005_0001
Ml M2
放入溶剂 , 在催化剂的作用下回流反应如下所示:
Figure imgf000005_0002
其中, 、 分别选自 H或 至〔16的烷基; R3、 R4分别选自 11、 至〔16的烷基、 Ci至 C16烷氧基或 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基; 选自 C!至 C16的烷基; n为 7至 80之间 的一自然数; 其中, Ml和 M2的摩尔比为 1 :1至 1.5:1 ; 所述溶剂选自甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 Ν,Ν-二甲基甲酰胺其中一种或多种; 所述催化剂为有机钯催化剂或有机钯催化剂与有机膦 配体的混合物, 其摩尔添加量为原料 Μ2的 0.01%~5%; 其中, 有机钯催化剂是 Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4或 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2,所述有机钯催化剂与有机膦配体的混合物按摩尔比为 1:2至 1:20; 所述有机膦配体包括 P(o -Tol)3或三环己基膦; 反应温度为 60°C至 120°C , 反应时间为 12 至 72小时。
所述的制备方法中, 采用以下步骤合成 Ml :
Sl、 将化合物 A用适量二氯甲烷溶解后, 在氮气保护下, 通过注射器逐滴加入到含有 1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺和含 4-二甲氨基吡啶的无水二氯甲烷中, 化合物 A : 1,3-二环己基碳 二亚胺( DCC ): 4-二甲氨基吡啶( DMAP )的摩尔比为 3 : 3 : 1 , 反应 8至 24小时, 得到 化合物 B, 其反应式如下:
Figure imgf000006_0001
S2、 将化合物 B和化合物 C以摩尔比 1: 1加入至溶剂中, 所述溶剂为乙醇或丙醇, 加热至 78~100°C进行回流反应, 再加入还原剂, 所述还原剂为氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠, 其与 化合物 B的摩尔比为 5:1 ; 当反应液变为墨绿色后再继续反应 10分钟, 得到化合物 D;
Figure imgf000006_0002
S3、 在氮气保护下, 将化合物 D溶解于无水四氢呋喃, 溶液冷却至 -78°C , 緩慢加入 含有正丁基锂的正己烷溶液,其中,正丁基锂(n-BuLi )与 D的摩尔比为 1:2.5 ,然后在 -78°C 下搅拌反应 2小时后, 再加入三甲基氯化锡试剂, 其中, 三甲基氯化锡(Me3SnLi ) 与 D 的摩尔比为 2.5: 1 , 保温反应 0.5小时后恢复到室温, 继续反应 24小时, 得到化合物 Ml ; 其反应
Figure imgf000006_0003
所述的制备方法中, 所述烷基为直链烷基或支链烷基, 所述烷氧基为直链烷氧基或支 链烷氧基; 并且, n为 8至 60之间的一自然数。
所述的制备方法中, 与 相同, 和 /或, R3与 R4相同; 或者, 、 R2、 R3、 、 5 选自以下一种组合: 与 为 R3与 R4为甲基, R5为正丁基; 或者, 、 R2、 R3、 R4 均为 H, R5为甲基; 或者, 为乙基, R2为戊基, R3为 H, R4为 3-甲基噻吩基, 为 2- 甲基丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为丙基; R3为 12烷基; R4为乙氧基; 为 2,4-二甲基 -3- 乙基庚基; 或者, 为丁基, R2为 12烷基, R3为 14烷氧基, R4为辛基, 为 2,2,4-三甲 基戊基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为辛氧基; R4为 H; 为 16烷基; 或者, 为 己基; 为 H; R3为 2-甲基噻吩基; R4为 H; 为辛基; 或者, 为 16烷基; R2为 H; 为甲氧基; R4为 H; 为甲基; 或者, 为 R2为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 相同, 均为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为己基; R4为 H; R5为丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; 3 为甲基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3、 R4相同, 均为 H; 为丁 基。
本发明的又一个技术方案是,一种采用了任一上述的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二 噻吩类共聚物在聚合物太阳能电池、 聚合物有机电致发光、 聚合物有机场效应晶体管、 聚 合物有机光存储、 聚合物有机非线性材料或聚合物有机激光中的应用。
本发明通过在半导体聚合物骨架中选择合适的单体, 有利于将聚合物的光吸收范围拓 宽到红外、 近红外光区, 本发明采用的策略是在聚合物骨架中引入富电子的给体单元和缺 电子的受体单元, 通过给受体中这种 "推 -拉电子" 的相互作用, 降低共轭聚合物的能隙, 使其吸收带向红外及近红外低能波段移动。 本发明采用苯并二噻吩类衍生物, 两个噻吩通 过苯环稠环在一个平面内, 增强了其平面性和刚性结构, 具有较高的光、 热和环境稳定性。 位于中心的苯环降低了两侧噻吩环的富电子数, 使其具有较低的最高已占轨道(HOMO ) 能级。 其具有扩展的共轭大 π键体系, π键之间的 π - π堆叠具有较高的载流子迁移率, 因 此, 其在有机电子等领域具有广阔的应用价值, 能够用于研制开发低成本高效率的有机太 阳能电池。
本发明的主要优点还包括以下几项:
1.合成苯并二噻吩类单体 Ml , 噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩类单体 M2的路线比较筒单且成熟, 易通过引入烷基提高产物的溶解性和分子量, 以实现可旋涂的聚合物或可旋涂的寡聚物;
2.苯并二噻吩类单体 Ml是一种优异的给体材料, 噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩类单体 M2是一 种非常优异的受体材料, 由单体 Ml、 M2构成的聚合物能够形成一种给体 -受体结构, 一方 面有利于提高了材料的稳定性, 另一方面有利于降低材料的能带隙, 从而扩大太阳光吸收 范围, 提高光电转化效率; 3.本发明采取的 Stille反应(施蒂勒偶联反应 )是一种非常成熟的聚合反应, 产率高, 且条件温和, 易于控制。
【附图说明】
图 1是为实施例 9制得的有机太阳能电池器件的结构示意图;
图 2是为实施例 10制得的有机电致发光器件的结构示意图;
图 3是为实施例 11制得的有机场效应晶体管器件的结构示意图。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合附图, 对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述。
本发明提供了一种含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物,首先是通过在苯环 上再稠环一个环戊二烯的环内酮结构, 增强了稠环体系的平面度和共轭度, 从而提高了其 载流子迁移率; 同时, 本申请在环戊二烯酮的两侧引入了噻吩环, 并在噻吩上的 3, 4位引 入烷基等修饰来提高其溶解性。 然后, 本发明还通过苯并噻吩类单体与强的受体单元噻吩 并 [3,4-b]噻吩共聚, 形成一种 "弱给体-强受体" 的共聚物分子, 有利于降低分子的光学能 隙, 扩大材料的光吸收范围, 提高材料对太阳光的利用率。
一个例子是, 所述的一种含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物具有以下结 构:
Figure imgf000008_0001
上式中, 、 R2相同或不同, 、 为 H或 至。^的烷基, 包括直链烷基或支链烷 基, 或者还可以为环烷基等; R3、 R4相同或者不同, R3、 R4为 H或 C!至 C16的烷基、 d 至 C16烷氧基、或者 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基; 为 C!至 C16的直链烷基或者支链烷基; n为 8至 60之间的自然数。
又一个例子是,一种制备上述含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备方
Figure imgf000009_0001
Ml M2
放入溶剂中,在催化剂的作用下回流反应 , 即得含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩 类共聚物。 其中, Ml和 M2的摩尔比为 1: 1至 1.5:1 ; 例如, Ml和 M2的摩尔比为 1.12:1、 1.2:1、 1.3:1、 1.35:1、 1.4:1或者 1.48:1等。
例如, M2为 4,6-二溴 -2-(1-辛酮)-噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩或者 4,6-二溴 -2-(1-(2-乙基己酮)) - 噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩等, 根据 而定, 其制备方法为现有技术。
优选的, 在无氧的环境下, 将上述两种原料 Ml和 M2放入溶剂中, 在催化剂的作用下 回流反应。 例如, 在氮气环境下或者惰性气体环境下进行上述反应。 例如, 充氮气。
其中, 、 R2分别选自 H或 至。^的烷基; 例如, 、 R2分别选自 H或 至。^ 的直链烷基或支链烷基, 例如氢基、 甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 正戊基、 2-甲基丁基、 异丁基、 4- 甲基庚基等。 括号内表示该苯并二噻吩类共聚物的重复结构单元, *号表示延伸到下一重复 结构单元。
R3、 R4分别选自 H、 Ci至 C16的烷基、 Ci至 C16烷氧基或 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基; 例如, R3、 R4分别选自 H、 至 C16的直链烷基或支链烷基、 至 C16直链烷氧基或支链 烷氧基, 或 至 C16的直链烷基或支链烷基取代的噻吩基, 例如氢基、 正戊基、 异丁基、 4-甲基庚基、 2-甲基 4-乙基壬基、 异丙氧基、 正戊氧基、 噻吩基、 2-甲基噻吩基、 3-乙基噻 吩基等。
R5选自 C!至 C16的烷基; 例如, 选自 C!至 C16的直链烷基或支链烷基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正戊基、 异丁基、 4-甲基庚基、 2-甲基 4-乙基壬基等。
n为 7至 80之间的一自然数; 例如, n为 8至 60之间的一自然数, 例如, n为 10至 50之间的一自然数, 例如, n为 15至 45之间的一自然数, 例如, n为 18、 20、 24、 25、 26、 27、 29、 31、 33、 35、 36、 38、 42等。 通常, 根据后续的产品应用, 来控制反应物的 配比和 /或反应时间, 从而控制其聚合度。
所述的溶剂为甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 Ν,Ν-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种, 反应溶剂足 量, 足量通常是指完全溶解、 完全支持反应等。 例如, 所述溶剂为甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 Ν,Ν-二甲基甲酰胺, 或者, 所述溶剂为甲苯与四氢呋喃摩尔比为 1:1至 1.5:1的混合溶剂, 又如, 所述溶剂为甲苯与四氢呋喃、 苯摩尔比为 1:1:1至 2:1:2的混合溶剂等, 通常来说, 优选甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 Ν,Ν-二甲基甲酰胺的摩尔比为 1:1:1:1的混合溶剂或者甲苯与苯 的摩尔比为 1:1的混合溶剂。 通常, 该反应必须在无氧的环境下进行; 例如, 在氮气环境下 完成; 或者, 充入氮气或者惰性气体等。
所述的催化剂为有机钯催化剂或有机钯催化剂与有机膦配体的混合物,其摩尔添加量为 原料 Μ2的 0.01%~5%。 有机钯催化剂是 Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4或 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2; 所述的有机 钯催化剂与有机膦配体的混合物按摩尔比为 1:2~20。 例如, 所述催化剂为有机钯催化剂或 有机钯催化剂与有机膦配体的混合物, 其摩尔添加量为原料 M2的 0.01%~5%; 有机膦配体 包括 P(o-Tol)3或三环己基膦)或两者的组合;例如,催化剂的摩尔添加量为原料 Μ2的 0.1%、 0.12%、 0.2%、 0.3%、 0.45%、 0.67%、 0.8%、 1.1%、 2.3%等;其中,有机钯催化剂是 Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4或 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2,所述有机钯催化剂与有机膦配体的混合物按摩尔比为 1:2至 1:20; 例如, 所述有机钯催化剂与有机膦配体的混合物按摩尔比为 1:2.5、 1:3、 1:5、 1:6.8、 1:8、 1:9、 1:11、 1:14、 1:18或、 1:19.5等, 如, Pd2(dba)3与 P(o-Tol)3的摩尔比为 1:3或 1: 2。
反应温度为 60°C ~12(TC, 反应时间为 12~72h。 例如, 反应温度为 61°C、 65°C、 72°C、 78°C、 80.5°C、 87°C、 91°C、 105°C或 119°C等; 又如, 反应时间为 12.5小时、 14小时、 22 小时、 24小时、 28小时、 37小时、 44小时、 49小时、 56小时、 64小时或 71小时等。 优 选的, 反应温度与反应时间相匹配, 反应温度高则反应时间相对减少, 根据充分反应的实 际情况进行选择即可。 其中, 原料 Ml的合成步骤如下:
步骤一: 将化合物 A用适量二氯甲烷溶解后, 在氮气保护下, 通过注射器逐滴加入到 DCC (1, 3-二环己基碳二亚胺), DMAP (4-二甲氨基吡啶)的无水二氯甲烷中, 摩尔比为 A: DCC: DMAP=3 :3: 1, 反应过夜, 得到产物, 即化合物 B, 其反应式如下:
Figure imgf000011_0001
例如,反应时间为 8至 24小时,例如,化合物 A: DCC: DMAP的摩尔比为 3.5: 3: 1、 3:3: 1.5、 或者, 2 :2.2: 1等; 又如, 反应时间为 8.5小时、 9小时、 11小时、 15.5小时、 18小时或 22小时等。
步骤二: 将化合物 B和化合物 C以摩尔比 1.0 : 1.0加入至溶剂中, 加热至 78~100°C 回流, 再将适量氢氧化钾 /氢氧化钠, 其与 B的摩尔比为 5:1, 当反应液变为墨绿色后再反 应 8至 12min, 优选 10 min, 得到产物, 即化合物 D; 其中, 溶剂为乙醇、 丙醇等, 其反
Figure imgf000011_0002
例如, 化合物 B与化合物 C的摩尔比为 1:1, 加入到乙醇、 丙醇或两者的混合物中, 例如, 乙醇与丙醇摩尔比为 1:1、 2:1、 1:2等。 加热至 78~100°C进行回流反应, 例如, 均 匀加热至 80°C、 85°C、 90°C、 91°C、 96°C或者 99°C进行回流反应; 在加热前、 加热过程 中或者加热达到 78°C以上时, 加入还原剂; 优选的, 加热达到 78°C以上时再加入还原剂, 例如氢氧化钠, 其与化合物 B的摩尔比为 5:1。
步骤三: 在氮气保护下, 将化合物 D 的无水四氢呋喃溶液冷却至 -78 °C, 緩慢加入 n-BuLi (正丁基锂) 的正己烷溶液, 摩尔比为 n-BuLi: D = 1: 2.5, 加毕, 在 -78°C下搅拌 反应 2小时后,再加入三甲基氯化锡试剂,摩尔比为 Me3SnCl: D = 2.5: 1, 保温反应 0.5 小 时后
Figure imgf000012_0001
上述各例中, 与 相同, 并且 R3与 R4相同; 又如, 与 相同, R3与 R4不相同; 或者, 与 R2不相同, R3与 R4相同。 又如, 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5选自以下一种组合: 与 为 R3与 R4为甲基, R5为正丁基; 或者, 、 R2、 R3、 R4均为 H, R5为甲基; 或者, 为乙基, R2为戊基, R3为 H, R4为 3-甲基噻吩基, 为 2-甲基丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为丙基; 为 12烷基; R4为乙氧基; 为 2,4-二甲基 -3-乙基庚基; 或者, 为丁基, 为 12烷基, R3为 14烷氧基, R4为辛基, 为 2,2,4-三甲基戊基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为辛氧基; R4为 H; R5为 16烷基; 或者, 为己基; R2为 H; R3为 2-甲基噻吩基; R4为 H; 为辛基; 或者, 为 16烷基; R2为 H; R3为甲氧基; 为 H; 为甲基; 或者, 为 H; R2为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为甲基; 为 16烷氧基; 为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为己基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者, 、 相同, 均为 H; R3为甲基; 为 H; 为 丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3、 R4相同, 均为 H; 为丁基。
例如, 所述含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物具有以下结构:
Figure imgf000012_0002
上式中: 、 R2相同或不同地表示为 H或 至 C16的烷基, R3 、 R4相同或者不同地 表示为 d至 C16的烷基, Ci至 C16烷氧基, 或者 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基, 表示为 d 至 C16的直链烷基或者支链烷基; n = 8-60之间的自然数。
例如, 、 R2分别选自 H或 C!至 C16的烷基; 例如, 、 R2分别选自 H或 C!至 C16 的直链烷基或支链烷基, 例如氢基、 甲基、 乙基、 丙基、 正戊基、 2-甲基丁基、 异丁基、 4- 甲基庚基、 癸基、 直链或支链 12烷基、 直链或支链 16烷基等。 括号内表示该苯并二噻吩 类共聚物的重复结构单元, *号表示延伸到下一重复结构单元。
R3、 R4分别选自 H、 Ci至 C16的烷基、 Ci至 C16烷氧基或 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基; 例如, R3、 R4分别选自 H、 至 C16的直链烷基或支链烷基、 至 C16直链烷氧基或支链 烷氧基, 或 C!至 C16直链烷基或支链烷基取代的噻吩基, 例如氢基、 正戊基、 异丁基、 4- 甲基庚基、 2-甲基 4-乙基壬基、 异丙氧基、 正戊氧基、 噻吩基、 2-甲基噻吩基、 3-乙基噻吩 基等。
选自 C!至 C16的烷基; 例如, 选自 C!至 C16的直链烷基或支链烷基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正戊基、 异丁基、 4-甲基庚基、 2-甲基 4-乙基壬基等。
例如, 上述各例中, 所述烷基部分和全部氟化的烷基取代。
n为 7至 80之间的一自然数, 例如, n为 8至 60之间的一自然数, 例如, n为 10至 50之间的一自然数, 例如, n为 15至 45之间的一自然数, 例如, n为 18、 20、 24、 25、 26、 27、 29、 31、 33、 35、 36、 38、 42 等。 通常地, 根据后续的产品应用, 来控制反应物 的配比和 /或反应时间, 以控制其聚合度。
上述各例中, 与 相同, 并且 R3与 R4相同; 又如, 与 相同, R3与 R4不相同; 或者, 与 不相同, R3与 R4相同。
又如, 所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物中, 与 为 R3与 R4为甲基, 为正丁基; 或者, 、 R2、 R3、 R4均为 H, R5为甲基。
例如,
Figure imgf000014_0001
其中, 为乙基; R2为戊基; R3为 H; R4为 3-甲基噻吩基; 为 2-甲基丁基。 例如, 为正戊基或异戊基, 即直链烷基或支链烷基均可, 下同。
又如,
Figure imgf000014_0002
其中, 、 R2相同, 均为丙基; R3为 12烷基; R4为乙氧基; 为 2,4-二甲基 -3-乙基 庚基。
又如,
Figure imgf000015_0001
其中, 为丁基, R2为 12烷基, 为 14烷氧基, R4为辛基, 为 2,2,4三甲基戊基。 下面再结合制备方法详细给出几个具体的实施例。
实施例 1、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚
Figure imgf000015_0002
其中, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为辛氧基; R4为 H; R5为 16烷基; n
上述含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备步骤如下:
一、 1,3-二 (2-噻吩)丙酮的制备:
Figure imgf000015_0003
首先,用无水处理过的 70 mL二氯甲烷将 7.6 g、 36.8 mmol的 DCC, 1.23g、 10 mmol的 DMAP 溶解, 在氮气保护下, 将溶有 5 g、 35.2 mmol的 2-噻吩乙酸的 70 mL二氯甲烷溶液逐滴加入至 上述反应液中, 反应过夜。 反应结束后, 将反应液过滤, 并用正己烷重结晶两次, 再经柱层 析分离纯化得到产品。
MALDI-TOF-MS (基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption I Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry )质荷 t匕 (m/z)为 222.3 (M+).
例如, 使用氯化钙或碳酸钾对二氯甲烷进行无水处理, 搅拌后放置过夜, 然后蒸馏。 二、 2, 7-二辛氧基苯并 [l , ,]二噻吩 -4 , 5-二酮的制备:
Figure imgf000016_0001
取 25.4 g (即 60 mmol ) 4, 4'-二 (2-辛氧基)噻吩力。入至干燥的 400 mL 1 ,2-二氯乙烷中, 即加入至盛有 400mL 1 ,2-二氯乙烷中或加入至盛有 400mL经过干燥处理的 1 ,2-二氯乙烷中, 下 同; 再将 3 mL (即 34.5 mmol ) 乙二酰氯在 5天内分三次加入至反应瓶中, 并在氩气保护下回 流反应 15天。 反应结束后, 将反应液冷却至室温, 在冰箱里冷冻过夜, 过滤得红色固体, 依 次用正己烷和乙醇洗涤得产物。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z)为 477.0 (M+).
例如, 第 1天加入 1 mL乙二酰氯, 第 3天加入 1 mL乙二酰氯, 第 5天加入 1 mL乙二酰氯; 或者, 第 1天加入 1 mL乙二酰氯, 第 2天加入 0.5mL乙二酰氯, 第 5天加入 1.5mL乙二酰氯; 或 者, 第 1天加入 0.5 mL乙二酰氯, 第 3天加入 1 mL乙二酰氯, 第 5天加入 1.5 mL乙二酰氯。
三、 2,5-二辛氧基 -7,9-二2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l ,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000016_0002
在 250 mL的单口瓶中依次加入 1.2 g、 5.4 mmol的 1 ,3-二( 2-噻吩) 丙酮, 2.7 g、 5.4 mmol 的 2,7-二辛氧基 -4,5-二酮, 40 mL乙醇, 加热至回流。 再将少量氢氧化钾用 2 mL乙醇溶解, 并用注射器逐滴加入至反应瓶中。 当反应液变成墨绿色后再反应 10 min停止反应, 并将反应 液倒入到冰水浴中。 过滤, 用乙醇、 热的正己烷多次洗涤, 干燥得到固体产物。 例如, 正己 烷的温度与反应温度相同, 或者正己烷的温度为反应温度 ± 5 °C ; 又如, 按摩尔比, 氢氧化钾 的用量为 1,3-二(2-噻吩) 丙酮的 5倍。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 679.0 (M+).
四、 2, 5-二辛氧基 -7, 9-二(2-三甲基锡 -5-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000017_0001
在氮气保护下, 将 6.79 g、 10 mmol的 2,5-二辛氧基 -7,9-二 (2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 120 mL无水 THF冷却至 -78°C , 緩慢加入 5 mL、 12 mmol的正 丁基锂的 2.5 M正己烷溶液。 加毕, 在 -78°C下保温反应 2 h后加入 4.5 mL、 15 mmol的三 甲基氯化锡, 保温反应 0.5h后自然恢复到室温, 继续反应 24 h后停止反应。 加入 50mL正 己烷稀释, 反应液緩慢倒入到冰水中, 萃取得到的有机相分别用 5%的 NaHC03, 饱和 NaCl 溶液水洗, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 过滤, 旋蒸, 再进行减压蒸馏, 蒸出过量的三甲基氯化锡, 得到产品。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 1004.6 (M+).
五、 含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000017_0002
在氮气保护下, 将 0.5 g、 0.5 mmol的 2, 5-二辛氧基 -7, 9-二(2-三甲基锡 -5-噻吩) -8H-环 戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.28 g、 0.5 mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- ( 1- ( 2-戊基十二酮)) 噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩(如上述反应式的对应结构式所示, 下同)加入至盛有 10 mL干燥甲苯的 反应瓶中,反应混合物通氮气搅拌 15 min后,迅速加入催化剂 Pd2(dba)3和 P(o-Tol)3至反应瓶中; 其中, Pd2(dba)323 mg, 0.025 mmol, 5% mol; P(o-Tol)3152 mg, 0.5 mmol; Pd2(dba)3 与 P(o-Tol)3 摩尔比为 1: 20。
通氮气室温搅拌 15 min后, 加热至 80°C回流, 搅拌反应 72 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却 至室温,用减压蒸馏的方法将反应液蒸干至约 5 ml左右,将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅 拌约 4h^, 逐渐有固体沉淀析出, 经过抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶 解, 用中性氧化铝过层析柱, 除去催化剂 Pd2(dba)3 , 最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右, 将 其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌数小时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从 而提高聚合物分子量的单分散性。
采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC, Gel Permeation Chromatography ) 法测量分子量, GPC: Mn = 64920, 分子量分布系数(PDI ) = 1.5。 实施例 2、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚
Figure imgf000018_0001
其中, 为己基; R2为 H; R3为 2-甲基噻吩基; R4为 H; 为辛基; n = 55。
上述含噻吩并 [3 ,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备步骤如下:
一、 二(4-二己基 -2-噻吩) 丙酮的制备:
Figure imgf000019_0001
首先, 用无水处理过的 70 mL二氯甲烷将 7.6 g DCC, 1.23 g DMAP溶解, 在氮气条件下, 将溶有 7.6 g 4-己基 -2-噻吩乙酸的 60 mL二氯甲烷溶液逐滴加入至上述反应液中, 反应过夜。 反应结束后, 将反应液过滤, 并用正己烷重结晶两次, 再经柱层析分离纯化得到产品。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 391 (M+).
二、 2, 7-二(2-甲基 -5-噻吩)苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -4, 5-二酮的制备:
Figure imgf000019_0002
取 21.5 g、 60 mmol的 4, 4'-二 [2- ( 2-甲基 -5-噻吩) ]噻吩力。入至 350 mL干燥的 1,2-二氯乙 烷中, 再将 3 mL、 34.5 mmol的乙二酰氯在 5天内分三次加入至反应瓶中, 并在氩气保护下回 流反应 15 day。 反应结束后, 将反应液冷却至室温, 在冰箱里冷冻过夜, 过滤得红色固体, 依次用正己烷和乙醇洗涤得产物。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 413.0 (M+).
三、 2,5-二 (2-甲基 -5-噻吩) -7,9-二 (4-己基 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000019_0003
在 250 mL的单口瓶中依次加入 2.1g、 5.4 mmol的二( 4-己基 -2-噻吩)丙酮, 2.2 g (5.4 mmol) 2, 7-二(2-甲基 -5-噻吩)苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -4, 5-二酮, 60 mL乙醇, 加热至回流。 再将 少量氢氧化钾用 2 mL乙醇溶解, 并用注射器逐滴加入至反应瓶中。 当反应液变成墨绿色后再 反应 lO min停止反应, 并将反应液倒入到冰水浴中。 过滤, 用乙醇、 热的正己烷多次洗涤, 干燥得到固体产物。 MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 765.0 (M+).
四、 2,5-二 (2-甲基 -5-噻吩) -7,9-二 (4-己基 -2-三甲基锡 -5-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000020_0001
在氮气保护下,将 7.65g、 lOmmol的的 2,5-二 (2-甲基 -5-噻吩) -7,9-二 (4-己基 -2-噻吩) -8H- 环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 150 mL无水 THF冷却至 -78°C , 緩慢加入 5 mL、 12 mmol的正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(2.5 M )。 加毕, 在 -78°C下保温反应 2 h后加入 4.5 mL、 15 mmol的三甲基氯化锡, 保温反应 0.5h后自然恢复到室温, 继续反应 24 h后停止反应。 加入 50 mL正己烷稀释,反应液緩慢倒入到冰水中,萃取得到的有机相分别用 5%的 NaHC03, 饱和 NaCl溶液水洗, 无水硫酸镁干燥, 过滤, 旋蒸, 再进行减压蒸馏, 蒸出过量的三甲基 氯化锡, 得到产品。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 1093 (M+).
五、 含噻吩并 [3 ,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000020_0002
在氮气保护下, 将 0.82g、 0.75 mmol的 2,5-二 (2-甲基 -5-噻吩) -7,9-二 (4-己基 -2-三甲基锡 -5- 噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.22 g、 0.5 mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- ( 1-辛酮) 噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩力。入至盛有 10 mL干燥四氢呋喃的反应瓶中, 即加入至盛有 10 mL无水四氢 呋喃的反应瓶中或加入至盛有 10 mL干燥处理过的四氢呋喃的反应瓶中,反应混合物通氮气搅 拌 15 min后, 迅速力口入催化剂 14 mg、 0.015 mmoL 3% mol的 Pd2(dba)3和 68 mg、 0.225 mmol 的 P(o-Tol)3至反应瓶中, 其中, Pd2(dba)3 与 P(o-Tol)3摩尔比为 1: 15。 通氮气室温搅拌 15 min 后, 加热至 60 °C下回流, 搅拌反应 60 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却至室温, 用减压蒸馏的 方法将反应液蒸干至约 5 ml左右,将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌约 4h^ ,逐渐有固体 沉淀析出, 经过抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解, 用中性氧化铝过层 析柱, 除去催化剂 Pd2(dba)3 , 最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右, 将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅 拌数小时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从而提高聚合物分子量的 单分散性。
GPC: Mn = 57420, PDI = 1.8。 实施例 3、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共 聚物:
Figure imgf000021_0001
其中, 为 16烷基; R2为 H; R3为甲氧基; R4为 H; 为甲基; n = 35。
一、 2,5-二甲氧基苯 -7,9-二 (4-十六烷基 -5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩 )-8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000021_0002
合成方法参考前面实施例 1中步骤一到步骤四。 MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 1241 (M+).
二、 含噻吩并 [3 ,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000022_0001
在氮气保护下, 将 0.74 g、 0.6 mmol的 2,5-二甲氧基苯 -7,9-二 (4-十六烷基 -5-三甲基锡 -2- 噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.17 g、 0.5 mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- (乙烷 -1- 酮)噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩力。入至盛有 10 mL干燥 DMF的反应瓶中,反应混合物通氮气搅拌 15 min 后,迅速加入催化剂 Pd2(dba)3和 P(o-Tol)3至反应瓶中; 其中, Pd2(dba)30.046 mg, 0.00005 mmol, 0.01% mol; P(o-Tol)30.0304 mg, 0.0001 mmol; Pd2(dba)3 与 P(o-Tol)3摩尔比为 1 : 2。 通氮气室 温搅拌 15 min后, 加热至 120 °C回流, 搅拌反应 48 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却至室温, 用 减压蒸馏的方法将反应液蒸干至约 5 ml左右, 将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌约 4h^, 逐渐有固体沉淀析出, 经过抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解, 用中性 氧化铝过层析柱, 除去催化剂 Pd2(dba)3 , 最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右, 将其滴入甲醇 溶剂中并搅拌数小时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从而提高聚合 物分子量的单分散性。
GPC: Mn = 38290, PDI = 1.8。 实施例 4、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共 聚物:
Figure imgf000023_0001
其中, 为11; R2为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; n = 30。
一、 2,5-二 (十六烷氧基) -7,9-二 (3-甲基 -5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000023_0002
合成方法参考前面实施例 1中步骤一到步骤四。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 1241 (M+).
二、 含噻吩并 [3 ,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000023_0003
在氮气保护下, 将 0.62 g、 0.5 mmol的 2,5-二(十六烷氧基) -7,9-二 (3-甲基 -5-三甲基锡 -2- 噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.19 g、 0.5 mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- ( 1-戊酮) 噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩力。入至盛有 10 mL干燥 DMF的反应瓶中,反应混合物通氮气搅拌 15 min后, 迅速力口入催化剂 0.046 mg、 0.00005 mmoL 0.01% mol的 Pd2(dba)3和 0.0304 mg、 0.0001 mmol 的 P(o-Tol)3至反应瓶中, 其中, Pd2(dba)3 与 P(o-Tol)3摩尔比为 1 : 2。 通氮气室温搅拌 15 min 后, 加热至 120 °C回流, 搅拌反应 48 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却至室温, 用减压蒸馏的 方法将反应液蒸干至约 5 ml左右,将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌约 4h^ ,逐渐有固体 沉淀析出, 经过抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解, 用中性氧化铝过层 析柱, 除去催化剂 Pd2(dba)3, 最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右, 将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅 拌数小时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从而提高聚合物分子量的 单分散性。
GPC: Mn = 34080, PDI = 1.8。 实施例 5、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共
Figure imgf000024_0001
其中, 、 R2相同, 均为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; n = 20。
一、 2,5-二 (十六烷基) -7,9-二 (3, 4-二甲基 -5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000024_0002
合成方法参考前面实施例 1中步骤一到步骤四。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 1237 (M十).
二、 含噻吩并 [3 ,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000025_0001
在氮气保护下, 将 0.62 g、 0.5 mmol的 2,5-二(十六烷基) -7,9-二 (3, 4-二甲基 -5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.19 g、 0.5 mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- ( 1-戊酮) 噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩力。入至盛有 lO mL干燥苯的反应瓶中, 反应混合物通氮气搅拌 15 min后, 迅速加入催化剂 28.9 mg, 0. 025 mmol, 5% mol的四三苯基磷钯至反应瓶中。通氮气室温搅拌 15 min后, 加热至 80°C下回流, 搅拌反应 24 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却至室温, 用减压蒸馏 的方法将反应液蒸干至约 5 ml左右,将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌约 4h^ ,逐渐有固 体沉淀析出, 经过抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解, 用中性氧化铝过 层析柱, 除去催化剂四三苯基碑钯, 最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右, 将其滴入甲醇溶剂 中并搅拌数小时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从而提高聚合物分 子量的单分散性。
GPC: Mn = 22640, PDI = 2.2。 实施例 6、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共 聚物:
Figure imgf000025_0002
其中, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为己基; R4为 H; R5为丁基; n = 15。
一、 2,5-二己基 -7,9-二 (5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的 制备:
Figure imgf000026_0001
合成方法参考前面实施例 1中步骤一到步骤四。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 900 (M+).
二、 含噻吩并 [3 ,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000026_0002
在氮气保护下, 将 0.45g、 0.5 mmol的 2,5-二己基 -7,9-二 (5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯 苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.19 g、 0.5 mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- ( 1-戊酮)噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩 加入至盛有 10 mL干燥甲苯的反应瓶中, 反应混合物通氮气搅拌 15 min后, 迅速加入催化剂 3.5 mg, 0.005 mmol, 1% mol 的 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2至反应瓶中。 通氮气室温搅拌 15 min后, 加热至 110°C下回流, 搅拌反应 24 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却至室温, 用减压蒸馏的方法将反应 液蒸干至约 5 ml左右, 将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌约 4h^ , 逐渐有固体沉淀析出, 经过抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解, 用中性氧化铝过层析柱, 除去 催化剂 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, 最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右, 将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌数小 时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从而提高聚合物分子量的单分散 性。
GPC: Mn = 11925 , PDI = 2.2。 实施例 7、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共 聚物:
Figure imgf000027_0001
其中, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为甲基; R4为 H; 为丁基; n = 10。
一、 2,5-二甲基 -7,9-二 (5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的 制备:
Figure imgf000027_0002
合成方法参考前面实施例 1中的步骤一到步骤四。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 760 (M+).
二、 含噻吩并 [3 4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000027_0003
在氮气保护下, 将 0.38g、 0.5mmol的 2,5-二甲基 -7,9-二 (5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯 苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.19g、 0.5mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- ( 1-戊酮)噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩加 入至盛有 10mL干燥甲苯的反应瓶中, 反应混合物通氮气搅拌 15 min后, 迅速加入催化剂 11.6 mg、 0.01 mmol、 2% mol的四三苯基磷钯至反应瓶中。通氮气室温搅拌 15 min后,加热至 110°C 下回流, 搅拌反应 24 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却至室温, 用减压蒸馏的方法将反应液蒸 干至约 5 ml左右, 将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌约 4h^ , 逐渐有固体沉淀析出, 经过 抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解, 用中性氧化铝过层析柱, 除去催化 剂四三苯基碑钯, 最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右, 将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌数小时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从而提高聚合物分子量的单分散性。
GPC: Mn = 6550, PDI = 2.2。 实施例 8、 本实施例公开一种结构如下的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共
Figure imgf000028_0001
其中, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3、 R4相同, 均为 H; R5为丁基; n = 8。
一、 7,9-二 (5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩 -8H-环戊二烯苯并 [l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮的制备:
Figure imgf000028_0002
合成方法参考前面实施例 1中步骤一到步骤四。
MALDI-TOF-MS (m/z): 732 (M十).
二、 含噻吩并 [3 ,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备:
Figure imgf000029_0001
在氮气保护下, 将 0.37g、 0.5 mmol的 7,9-二 (5-三甲基锡 -2-噻吩) -8H-环戊二烯苯并
[l,2-b:4,3-b,]二噻吩 -8-酮和 0.19g、 0.5mmol的 4, 6-二溴 -2- ( 1-戊酮)噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩力。入至 盛有 10 mL干燥苯的反应瓶中, 反应混合物通氮气搅拌 15 min后, 迅速加入催化剂 0.29 mg、 0.00025 mmol、 0.05% mol的四三苯基磷钯至反应瓶中。通氮气室温搅拌 15 min后,加热至 80°C 下回流, 搅拌反应 12 h。 反应停止后, 待反应液冷却至室温, 用减压蒸馏的方法将反应液蒸 干至约 5 ml左右, 将其滴入到 300 ml无水甲醇中不断搅拌约 4 逐渐有固体沉淀析出, 经 过抽滤、 烘干后得到固体粉末。 再将固体粉末用氯仿溶解, 用中性氧化铝过层析柱, 除去催 化剂四三苯基碑钯,最后将聚合物溶液旋蒸至剩 5ml左右,将其滴入甲醇溶剂中并搅拌数小时, 最后将聚合物收集烘干。 用索氏抽提器将聚合物抽提, 从而提高聚合物分子量的单分散性。
GPC: Mn = 5016, PDI = 2.3。 并且,本发明还提供了上述任一实施例所提供的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩 类共聚物在聚合物太阳能电池、 聚合物有机电致发光、 聚合物有机场效应晶体管、 聚合物 有机光存储、 聚合物有机非线性材料或聚合物有机激光中的应用。 下面给出几个具体的实 施例。
实施例 9、 对以上述实施例 1的共聚物, 即含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共 聚物为活性层材料的有机太阳能电池器件, 其结构如图 1所示。
有机太阳能电池器件的制备: 器件结构为 玻璃 /ITO/PEDOT:PSS/活性层 /A1, 其中 ITO (氧化铟锡)是方块电阻为 10-20 Ω/口的氧化铟锡, PEDOT为聚 (3,4-亚乙二氧基噻吩), PSS 为聚(苯乙烯磺酸); ITO 玻璃经过超声波清洗后, 用氧 -Plasma 处理, 在 ITO 上涂上 PEDOT:PSS, 上述实施例 1的共聚物作为电子给体材料和 PCBM作为电子受体材料采用旋 涂技术, 金属铝电极通过真空蒸镀技术制备, 得到有机太阳能电池器件。
实施例 10、 对含有上述实施例 2的共聚物, 即含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩 类共聚物为发光层材料的有机电致发光器件, 其结构如图 2所示。
有机电致发光器件的制备: ITO/本发明的共聚物 /LiF/Al, 在一个玻璃基片上沉积一层 方块电阻为 10-20 Ω/口的氧化铟锡( ITO ) , 作为透明阳极, 通过旋涂技术在 ITO上制备一 层上述实施例 2中的共聚物, 作为发光层, 再在此发光层上真空蒸镀 LiF, 作为緩冲层, 最 后蒸镀金属 A1, 作为器件的阴极。
实施例 11、 对含有上述实施例 3 的共聚物, 即含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻 吩类共聚物为有机半导体材料的有机场效应晶体管, 其结构如图 3所示。
有机场效应晶体管的制备: 采用高掺杂的硅片 (Si )作为衬底, 450 nm厚的 Si02作为 绝缘层, 源电极(S ) , 漏电极(D ) 均采用金作为电极, 将上述各实施例 3的共聚物为有 机半导体层旋涂到十八烷基三氯硅烷 ( OTS )修饰的 Si02上。 申请人相信, 本领域的技术人员依据本说明书, 足以理解本发明如何实施, 并足以判 断在权利要求所限定的范围内都可以实施并取得所述的效果, 本领域的技术人员能够据此 判断和证明上述各例的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物可以用于上述各用 途。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式, 其描述较为具体和详细, 但并不能 因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制; 并且, 上面列出的各个技术特征, 其相互组合所 能够形成各个实施方案, 应被视为属于本发明说明书记载的范围。 对于本领域的普通技术 人员来说, 在不脱离本发明构思的前提下, 还可以做出若干变形和改进, 这些都属于本发 明的保护范围。 因此, 本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims

Figure imgf000031_0001
其中, 、 R2分别选自 H或 至。^的烷基;
R3、 R4分别选自 H、 Ci至 C16的烷基、 Ci至 C16烷氧基或 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基; 选自 至。^的烷基;
n为 7至 80之间的一自然数。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物, 其特征在于, 所述烷基为直链烷 基或支链烷基, 所述烷氧基为直链烷氧基或支链烷氧基。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物, 其特征在于, n为 8至 60之间的 一自然数。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物, 其特征在于, 与 相同, 和 / 或, R3与 R4相同。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的苯并二噻吩类共聚物, 其特征在于, 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5选自以下一种组合:
与 为 R3与 R4为甲基, 为正丁基; 或者,
、 R2、 R3、 R4均为 H, R5为甲基; 或者,
为乙基, R2为戊基, R3为 H, R4为 3-甲基噻吩基, 为 2-甲基丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为丙基; R3为 12烷基; R4为乙氧基; 为 2,4-二甲基 -3-乙基庚基; 或者,
为丁基, 为 12烷基, R3为 14烷氧基, R4为辛基, 为 2,2,4-三甲基戊基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为辛氧基; R4为 H; R5为 16烷基; 或者,
为己基; R2为 H; R3为 2-甲基噻吩基; R4为 H; 为辛基; 或者,
为 16烷基; R2为 H; R3为甲 R4为 H; 为甲基; 或者,
为11; R2为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为己基; R4为 H; R5为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为甲基; R4为 H; R5为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3、 R4相同, 均为 H; R5为丁基。
6、 一种含噻吩并 [3, 4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤,
在无氧的环境下, 将
Figure imgf000032_0001
Ml M2
Figure imgf000032_0002
其中, 、 R2分别选自 H或 至。^的烷基;
R3、 R4分别选自 H、 Ci至 C16的烷基、 Ci至 C16烷氧基或 d至 C16烷基取代的噻吩基; 选自 至。^的烷基;
n为 7至 80之间的一自然数;
其中, Ml和 M2的摩尔比为 1:1至 1.5:1 ; 所述溶剂选自甲苯、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 Ν,Ν-二甲基甲酰胺其中一种或多种; 所述催化剂为有机钯催化剂或有机钯催化剂与有机膦配体的混合物,其摩尔添加量为原 料 Μ2的 0.01%~5%;
其中, 有机钯催化剂是 Pd2(dba)3、 Pd(PPh3)4或 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 , 所述有机钯催化剂与有机 膦配体的混合物按摩尔比为 1 :2至 1 :20; 所述有机膦配体包括 P(o -Tol)3或三环己基膦; 反应温度为 60°C至 120°C , 反应时间为 12至 72小时。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 采用以下步骤合成 Ml :
Sl、 将化合物 A用适量二氯甲烷溶解后, 在氮气保护下, 通过注射器逐滴加入到含有 1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺和含 4-二甲氨基吡啶的无水二氯甲烷中, 化合物 A : 1,3-二环己基碳 二亚胺: 4-二甲氨基吡啶的摩尔比为 3 : 3 : 1 , 反应 8至 24小时, 得到化合物 B, 其反应式 下:
Figure imgf000033_0001
S2、 将化合物 B和化合物 C以摩尔比 1: 1加入至溶剂中, 所述溶剂为乙醇或丙醇, 加热至 78~100°C进行回流反应, 再加入还原剂, 再继续反应 10分钟, 得到化合物 D; 所 述还原剂为氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠, 所述还原剂与化合物 B的摩尔比为 5:1 ;
Figure imgf000033_0002
S3、 在氮气保护下, 将化合物 D溶解于无水四氢呋喃, 溶液冷却至 -78°C , 緩慢加入 含有正丁基锂的正己烷溶液, 其中, 正丁基锂与 D的摩尔比为 1:2.5 , 然后在 -78°C下搅拌 反应 2小时后, 再加入三甲基氯化锡试剂, 其中, 三甲基氯化锡与 D的摩尔比为 2.5: 1 , 保温反应 0.5小时后恢复到室温, 继续反应 24小时, 得到化合物 Ml ; 其反应式如下:
Figure imgf000034_0001
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述烷基为直链烷基或支链烷 基, 所述烷氧基为直链烷氧基或支链烷氧基; 并且, n为 8至 60之间的一自然数。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 与 R2相同, 和 /或, R3与 R4 相同; 或者, 、 R2、 R3、 、 R5选自以下一种组合:
与 为 R3与 R4为甲基, 为正丁基; 或者,
、 R2、 R3、 R4均为 H, R5为甲基; 或者,
为乙基, R2为戊基, R3为 H, R4为 3-甲基噻吩基, 为 2-甲基丁基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为丙基; R3为 12烷基; R4为乙氧基; 为 2,4-二甲基 -3-乙基庚基; 或者,
为丁基, 为 12烷基, R3为 14烷氧基, R4为辛基, 为 2,2,4-三甲基戊基; 或者, 、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为辛氧基; R4为 H; 为 16烷基; 或者,
为己基; R2为 H; R3为 2-甲基噻吩基; R4为 H; 为辛基; 或者,
为 16烷基; R2为 H; R3为甲 R4为 H; 为甲基; 或者,
为11; R2为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为甲基; R3为 16烷氧基; R4为 H; 为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为己基; R4为 H; R5为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3为甲基; R4为 H; R5为丁基; 或者,
、 R2相同, 均为 H; R3、 R4相同, 均为 H; R5为丁基。
10、 权利要求 1至 5任一所述的含噻吩并 [3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物在 聚合物太阳能电池、 聚合物有机电致发光、 聚合物有机场效应晶体管、 聚合物有机光存储、 聚合物有机非线性材料或聚合物有机激光中的应用。
PCT/CN2012/085677 2012-11-30 2012-11-30 含噻吩并[3,4-b]噻吩单元的苯并二噻吩类共聚物及其制备方法与应用 WO2014082305A1 (zh)

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