WO2014081005A1 - セラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法並びにセラミックス炭素複合材 - Google Patents
セラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法並びにセラミックス炭素複合材 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for controlling characteristics of a ceramic carbon composite material, which is a composite material of graphite and ceramics, and a ceramic carbon composite material.
- carbon materials have low specific gravity, excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance, slidability, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and workability, and are used in a wide range of fields such as semiconductors, metallurgy, machinery, electricity, and nuclear power. ing.
- a SiC-coated graphite composite material obtained by coating a graphite base material with SiC or TaC by a gas phase reaction or a melt reaction is used as a susceptor for compound semiconductor manufacturing by chemical vapor deposition.
- these products have heat resistance and chemical stability and prevent the generation of graphite particles, they do not lead to improvement in strength and are high in production cost, and are limited to applications such as susceptors. Further, it is technically difficult to uniformly coat a three-dimensionally complicated graphite base material.
- SiC / carbon composite materials in which molten carbon is impregnated with porous carbon at a high temperature to excite the combustion synthesis reaction to convert the pores of the porous carbon into SiC have been developed (see Patent Document 1).
- This composite material can be formed into a near net product based on a porous carbon material processed into a relatively simple three-dimensional shape such as bolts and nuts, but lacks the denseness peculiar to impregnating materials, has a rough surface, and costs Is not used at present.
- Patent Document 2 a C—SiC sintered body in which SiC ultrafine powder having an average particle size of 10 to 100 nm and graphite particles are mixed and densified to a high density by plasma discharge sintering has been developed (see Patent Document 2). .
- This composite material contains 1 to 95% by weight of SiC, has a relative density of 70 to 99.5%, and a high bending strength of 100 to 350 MPa has been reported.
- it is a composite structure in which SiC particles and carbon particles are uniformly mixed, and is not based on the concept of separating and forming the interface between carbon particles with ceramics. Ceramics are limited to SiC.
- C / C composites obtained by impregnating carbon fiber fabrics with pitch impregnated and baked, and composite materials impregnated with resins are widely used. Has not been improved and its use at high temperatures in the air is limited. In addition, the surface is rough, processing is difficult, and production takes a long time.
- the present applicant has developed a ceramic carbon composite material in which a ceramic interface layer is formed between carbonaceous materials, and the ceramic interface layer has a three-dimensional network structure continuous between the carbonaceous materials.
- This composite material is lighter than ceramics and has excellent oxidation resistance, dust generation resistance, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, strength, denseness, etc., and has characteristics that can solve the problems of the prior art. It was. However, since the degree of freedom of the manufacturing process is limited in order to firmly bond the carbonaceous material and the ceramic material, it is difficult to adjust the manufacturing conditions, which is a conventional means for controlling the characteristics, and as a composite material It was difficult to control the characteristics.
- An object of the present invention is to control the characteristics of a ceramic carbon composite material in which a ceramic interface layer is formed between carbonaceous materials, and the ceramic interface layer has a continuous three-dimensional network structure between the carbonaceous materials. And a ceramic carbon composite material with controlled properties.
- the method for controlling characteristics of a ceramic carbon composite material according to the first aspect of the present invention has a three-dimensional network structure in which a ceramic interface layer is formed between carbonaceous materials, and the ceramic interface layer is continuous between carbonaceous materials.
- a method for controlling characteristics of a ceramic carbon composite material wherein by specifying and selecting at least one of the shape, hardness, and graphitization degree of the carbonaceous material, It is characterized by controlling the characteristics.
- the ceramic carbon composite of the second aspect of the present invention is a ceramic having a three-dimensional network structure in which a ceramic interface layer is formed between carbonaceous materials, and the ceramic interface layer is continuous between the carbonaceous materials.
- a carbon composite material, wherein the carbonaceous material is carbon fiber.
- the characteristic of the ceramic carbon composite material can be controlled by selecting an appropriate carbonaceous material without depending on the adjustment of the manufacturing conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a ceramic carbon composite material of one embodiment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph showing a cross section of a ceramic carbon composite material in an example according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph showing a cross section of a ceramic carbon composite material in an example according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a ceramic carbon composite material in an embodiment according to the present invention.
- the ceramic carbon composite material 1 is formed by disposing a ceramic interface layer 3 between graphite or carbon particles 2 containing graphite.
- the ceramic interface layer 3 forms a continuous three-dimensional network structure between the carbon particles 2. Since the ceramic material constituting the ceramic interface layer 3 is excellent in oxidation resistance, heat resistance, wear resistance, strength, etc., the ceramic interface layer 3 forms a continuous three-dimensional network structure. These characteristics in the composite material 1 can be enhanced.
- the carbonaceous material 2 is made of particles of coke such as petroleum, coal-derived raw coke, calcined coke, and needle coke, and carbon material having a relatively low degree of graphitization such as char, soot, and glassy carbon. Or as appropriate, such as natural graphite made of phosphorus graphite, flake graphite, earthy graphite, etc., artificial graphite made of coke or mesophase spherules, etc., and carbon material with a relatively high degree of graphitization, etc. Can be used.
- the characteristics of the ceramic carbon composite material 1 can be controlled by using those carbonaceous materials with the shape, hardness and graphitization degree appropriately specified.
- the average particle diameter (d50) of the carbonaceous material 2 is preferably about 50 nm to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably about 1 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, and further preferably about 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. If the average particle diameter (d50) of the carbonaceous material 2 is too small, the carbonaceous material 2 may be agglomerated. If the carbonaceous material 2 is too agglomerated, the ceramic carbon composite material 1 may not obtain carbon characteristics. is there. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter (d50) of the carbonaceous material 2 is too large, the strength of the fired ceramic carbon composite material 1 may be reduced.
- the plurality of carbonaceous materials 2 may include only one type of carbonaceous material 2 or may include a plurality of types of carbonaceous material 2.
- the carbonaceous material 2 a material having an aspect ratio (average major axis diameter / average minor axis diameter) of 1.5 to 20 may be used.
- the ceramic carbon composite material 1 having a three-dimensional network structure is formed using the carbonaceous material 2 having the above aspect ratio, the carbonaceous particles 2 are oriented in the direction of the long axis, together with the ceramic interface layer 3. Due to the anisotropy, the characteristics of the ceramic carbon composite material 1 can be made anisotropic.
- the aspect ratio is less than 1.5, the above anisotropy is hardly expressed, and when it exceeds 20, the carbonaceous material 2 is more likely to be damaged.
- the average major axis diameter and average minor axis diameter of the carbonaceous material can be measured, for example, by observation with an electron microscope.
- the major axis diameter and minor axis diameter of about 100 carbonaceous materials 2 can be measured, and the average major axis diameter and average minor axis diameter can be calculated from these values to determine the aspect ratio.
- the average major axis diameter and the average minor axis diameter may be obtained by image processing.
- Examples of the carbonaceous material having an aspect ratio of 1.5 to 20 include columnar materials and fibrous materials.
- the carbonaceous material 2 may use particulate carbon having a wide particle size distribution.
- the carbonaceous material 2 having a narrow particle size distribution since the ceramic interface layer 3 is formed with a uniform thickness, the characteristics in the material are stable, but when the particulate carbon having a wide particle size distribution is used, Since the thickness of the ceramic interface layer 3 is also non-uniform, it is possible to control the direction in which the characteristics are different in a part of the material and the mechanical characteristics are reduced.
- the particle size distribution (that is, the particle size distribution) of the carbonaceous material 2 can be obtained by image analysis using an electron microscope, a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device, or the like.
- carbonaceous material 2 having a graphitization degree of 20 to 100% it is preferable to use.
- carbonaceous material 2 having a relatively low graphitization degree is selected, the hardness, bending strength, etc. of ceramic carbon composite material 1 are selected.
- the mechanical properties and thermal properties of the thermal conductivity can be enhanced, and electrical properties such as the electrical conductivity of the ceramic carbon composite material 1 can be enhanced by selecting a carbonaceous material having a high degree of graphitization. . If the degree of graphitization is less than 20%, the characteristics of the ceramic carbon composite material 1 are hardly expressed in the electrical characteristics and thermal characteristics.
- the degree of graphitization of the carbonaceous material 2 can be determined by measuring the (002) plane spacing of the graphite crystal by X-ray diffraction.
- the carbonaceous material 2 may be controlled by using carbonaceous materials having different hardnesses to control the characteristics of the ceramic carbon composite material.
- carbonaceous material having different hardness for example, carbonaceous materials having different graphitization degrees can be used.
- carbon fiber can be used as the carbonaceous material 2.
- the carbon fiber is a carbon material in which mechanical characteristics, electrical characteristics, and thermal characteristics are extremely biased in the fiber length direction, and can be a material suitable for developing the anisotropy of the ceramic carbon composite material 1.
- As the carbon fiber an appropriate one according to the characteristics such as PAN, pitch, and vapor grown carbon fiber can be selected.
- the average fiber diameter of the carbon fiber is preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and if it is less than 1 ⁇ m, mechanical properties are hardly expressed, and if it exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the formation of the ceramic carbon composite material 1 may be difficult.
- the average fiber length of the carbon fibers is preferably 20 to 5000 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 3000 ⁇ m. If the thickness is less than 20 ⁇ m, it is difficult to develop anisotropy, and if it exceeds 5000 ⁇ m, it is difficult to form the ceramic carbon composite material 1, and the carbon fiber may be broken halfway.
- the average fiber length is preferably larger than the fiber diameter. In providing these average fiber diameters and average fiber lengths, chopped fibers and milled fibers can be suitably used.
- the ceramic carbon composite material 1 using carbon fibers as the carbonaceous material 2 preferably has a relative density of 90% or more. Conventionally, there is no ceramic carbon composite material 1 having a three-dimensional network structure using carbon fibers having a fibrous shape, and a ceramic carbon composite material 1 utilizing the excellent characteristics of carbon fibers has not been obtained.
- the relative density is 90% or more, preferably 90 to 99%, so that the carbon fiber and the ceramic are firmly integrated, and the ceramic carbon composite utilizing the characteristics of the carbon fiber while having the characteristics of the ceramic. Material 1 can be obtained.
- the carbon fiber is preferably contained in an amount of 50% by volume or more, and more preferably in the range of 50 to 80% by volume.
- the carbon fiber is less than 50% by volume, the characteristics of the carbon fiber are hardly expressed and it is difficult to obtain a lightweight composite material.
- the ceramic carbon composite 1 By controlling the type, shape, and size of the carbonaceous particles 2, the type of ceramic material forming the ceramic interface layer 3, the thickness of the ceramic interface layer, and three-dimensional continuity, the ceramic carbon composite 1
- the oxidation resistance, wear resistance, strength, bulk density, and the like of the resin can be improved, and properties such as electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity can be controlled higher or lower than desired.
- the ceramic material constituting the ceramic interface layer 3 As the ceramic material constituting the ceramic interface layer 3, a material such as AlN, Al 2 O 3 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , SiO 2 , ZrO 2, etc. having electrical insulation is used, and the carbonaceous particles 2 are converted into the ceramic interface layer 3. By forming a continuous three-dimensional network structure that is completely covered with the ceramic carbon composite material 1, the ceramic carbon composite material 1 can be provided with ceramic characteristics.
- the ceramic material for forming the ceramic interface layer 3 SiC or ZnO is used, and when the ceramic interface layer 3 is made thin by several hundreds of nanometers, when a voltage higher than a certain level is applied, the ceramic interface layer 3 A tunnel current or a Schottky current is generated in the ceramic carbon composite material 1, and a varistor effect indicating a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic can be imparted to the ceramic carbon composite material 1, and these characteristics can be controlled.
- a ceramic carbon composite material 1 shown in FIG. 1 forms a molded body made of a ceramic-coated powder obtained by coating a carbonaceous particle 2 with a ceramic layer made of a ceramic material constituting the ceramic interface layer 3, and sinters this molded body.
- the ceramic interface layer 3 is silicon carbide, silicon nitride, a carbonaceous material, and a binder are mixed, a mixture containing the carbonaceous material with silicon nitride attached to the surface is molded, and the molded body is pressed and fired.
- a method of converting silicon nitride into silicon carbide can also be used.
- a molded body including the carbonaceous material 2 having ceramics attached to the surface is produced.
- the shape of the ceramic adhered to the surface of the carbonaceous material 2 is not particularly limited. For example, particle shape, film shape, etc. are mentioned.
- the average particle size is preferably about 50 nm to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably about 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the ceramic is preferably in the range of 1/100 to 1/5 of the average particle size of the carbonaceous material 2. In this case, substantially the entire surface of the carbonaceous material 2 can be covered with ceramics.
- the average particle size of the ceramic is more preferably in the range of 1/50 to 1/10 of the average particle size of the carbonaceous material 2, and more preferably in the range of 1/40 to 1/20.
- the mixing ratio of ceramics and carbonaceous material 2 (the volume of ceramics: the volume (volume ratio) of carbonaceous material 2) is preferably 5:95 to 50:50, and 10:90 to 30:70. It is more preferable.
- the method for attaching ceramics to the surface of the carbonaceous material 2 is not particularly limited.
- the carbonaceous material 2 and ceramics may be mixed.
- Specific examples include a gas phase method, a liquid phase method, a mechanical mixing method in which ceramics and carbonaceous material 2 are mixed using a mixer, a slurry method, or a method in which these are combined.
- Specific examples of the vapor phase method include a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method) and a conversion method (CVR method).
- Specific examples of the liquid phase method include a chemical precipitation method.
- Specific examples of the slurry method include a gel casting method, slip casting, tape casting, and the like.
- the method for forming the carbonaceous material 2 having ceramics attached to the surface is not particularly limited.
- the gel cast method it is possible to simultaneously attach and form ceramics to the surface of the carbonaceous material 2, and to prevent the carbonaceous material 2 from being damaged and to consult the maintenance of the shape.
- a liquid solvent and a binder are mixed to form a slurry, and a carbonaceous material is added to the slurry, mixed, and then dried to obtain a solid mixture.
- the molded body is fired.
- a discharge plasma sintering method for example, a discharge plasma sintering method, a normal pressure sintering method, a hot press sintering method, or the like can be used.
- the discharge plasma sintering method is convenient because high-density sintering can be performed in a short time of 2 to 60 minutes.
- the firing temperature and firing time of the molded body, the type of firing atmosphere, the pressure of the firing atmosphere, and the like can be appropriately set according to the type, shape, size, etc. of the material used. .
- the firing temperature may be 1700 ° C. or higher, for example.
- the firing temperature is preferably about 1700 ° C. to 2100 ° C., more preferably about 1800 ° C. to 2000 ° C.
- the firing time can be, for example, about 5 minutes to 2 hours.
- the kind of baking atmosphere can be made into vacuum, inert gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen and argon, for example.
- the pressure of the firing atmosphere can be, for example, about 0.01 MPa to 10 MPa.
- the ceramic interface layer 3 is formed on the surface of the carbonaceous material 2. At this time, the ceramic interface layer 3 is formed between the plurality of carbonaceous materials 2. That is, in the firing step, the plurality of carbonaceous materials 2 are covered by the ceramic interface layer 3 and connected by the ceramic interface layer 3. In the ceramic carbon composite material 1, unconverted Si 3 N 4 or the like may remain.
- Example 1 Artificial graphite particles (manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd., mesophase graphite, particle size distribution (d10 to d90) 15 to 20 ⁇ m, degree of graphitization 67%) as carbonaceous material, aluminum nitride powder (particle size distribution (d10 to d90) 1-5 ⁇ m) 3.55 g and Y2O3 (0.19 g) as a sintering aid mixed with acrylamide (8 g) and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (1 g) dissolved in isopropanol (45 g) The prepared binder solution (2.84 g) was mixed by a gel casting method, and the mixture was cast into a plastic mold.
- the volume ratio of the carbonaceous material and ceramics in the mixture was 80:20.
- the obtained mixture was dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours under normal pressure to obtain a molded body.
- the compact was subjected to pulsed current sintering under vacuum conditions at 2000 ° C. for 5 minutes while applying a pressure of 30 MPa by a discharge plasma sintering method under vacuum, to obtain a ceramic carbon composite material A. It was.
- Example 2 As in Example 1, except that artificial graphite particles (manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd., cutting residue powder, particle size distribution (d10 to d90) 2 to 100 ⁇ m, graphitization degree 83%) were used as the carbonaceous material, A ceramic carbon composite material B was obtained.
- artificial graphite particles manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd., cutting residue powder, particle size distribution (d10 to d90) 2 to 100 ⁇ m, graphitization degree 83%) were used as the carbonaceous material.
- Example 3 A ceramic carbon composite material C was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that artificial graphite particles (manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd., graphite material pulverized powder, aspect ratio 3.5, graphitization degree 98%) were used as the carbonaceous material. Obtained.
- Example 4 Ceramic carbon composite material in the same manner as in Example 1 except that natural graphite particles (manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd., particle size distribution (d10 to d90) 15 to 20 ⁇ m, degree of graphitization 92%) were used as the carbonaceous material. D was obtained.
- natural graphite particles manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd., particle size distribution (d10 to d90) 15 to 20 ⁇ m, degree of graphitization 92%) were used as the carbonaceous material. D was obtained.
- the bending strength was measured by a three-point bending strength test. Specifically, it was measured based on JIS A1509-4. Test pieces were sampled at portions parallel to and perpendicular to the direction of the press of the spark plasma sintering method, and the bending strength was measured for each of the parallel and perpendicular.
- Thermal conductivity was measured by a laser flash method. Specifically, it was measured based on JIS R1650-3. Similar to the bending test, the thermal conductivity was measured in each of the directions parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the press of the spark plasma sintering method.
- Examples 1 to 4 are all manufactured under the same conditions, and are common in that the ceramic interface layer has a three-dimensional network structure. However, the characteristics of the obtained ceramic carbon composite are greatly different, and It is clear that the characteristics are controlled by the change.
- Example 1 and Example 4 use carbonaceous materials having the same diameter, but because the degree of graphitization is different, both bending strength and thermal conductivity are higher in Example 1, and the graphitization degree is higher. In Example 4, which uses a high, that is, soft carbonaceous material, the values are all lower. Since the thermal conductivity depends on the degree of graphitization of the graphite raw material, the density of the produced material, and the like, it is difficult to judge the influence of the raw material graphite on the thermal conductivity only from the results of Example 1 and Example 4. . However, it can be seen that the bending strength can be improved by using a carbonaceous material having a uniform graphite particle size and a low graphitization degree.
- Example 2 it is presumed from the low relative density that the carbonaceous material having different particle diameters coexists, so that a relatively insufficient portion was formed for the formation of the ceramic interface layer. Therefore, both bending strength and thermal conductivity remain at low levels. Therefore, the bending strength and thermal conductivity can be controlled low by using a carbonaceous material having a wide particle size distribution, and the bending strength and thermal conductivity can be increased by using a carbonaceous material having a narrow particle size distribution. You can see that
- Example 3 a carbonaceous material having an aspect ratio of 1.5 to 20 is used, so that the direction of the major axis is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the press pressure method by the press pressure in the spark plasma sintering method.
- the thermal conductivity shows a specifically high value in the vertical direction. Therefore, it can be seen that the use of a carbonaceous material having an aspect ratio of 1, 5 to 20 can improve the thermal conductivity in a specific direction.
- the ratio of the thermal conductivity in the parallel and vertical directions is about 3.5.
- the ratio approximates the ratio.
- the ceramic carbon composite material D of Example 4 using a carbonaceous material having an aspect ratio of about 1 and a graphitization degree of 96% has a thermal conductivity ratio in the parallel and vertical directions of about 1.2. Therefore, it has been shown that if a carbonaceous material having a high degree of graphitization is used, the thermal conductivity in the parallel and vertical directions can be controlled by the aspect ratio of the carbonaceous material.
- the graphitization degree is preferably 90% or more and the aspect ratio is preferably 2 to 15, more preferably 95% or more and the aspect ratio is preferably 3 to 10.
- FIG. 2 shows surface polishing photographs of Examples 1 to 4.
- a) to d) correspond to Examples 1 to 4, respectively, where the dark color portion is the carbonaceous material and the light color portion is the ceramic interface layer.
- the dark color portion is the carbonaceous material and the light color portion is the ceramic interface layer.
- the continuous sintering of ceramics progresses, and the carbonaceous material and the ceramic interface layer can be clearly distinguished and visually recognized.
- b) Example 2
- carbon having a small particle size is visible. Due to the presence of the porous material, an interface layer in which carbon and ceramics are mixed is formed, and ceramics that are not partially sintered remain.
- Example 3 the left-right direction of the photograph is parallel, but it is presumed that the carbonaceous material is oriented in the vertical direction.
- Example 5 Pitch-based carbon fiber (Mitsubishi Resin, Milled Fiber K223HM, average fiber diameter 11 ⁇ m)
- a powder obtained by mixing Al 2 O 3 (0.39 g) and Y 2 O 3 (0.19 g) as a sintering aid and ethanol (5.19 g) are mixed by a gel casting method, and the mixture is plastic. Cast into mold.
- the volume ratio of carbon fiber to ceramics in the mixture was 70:30.
- the obtained mixture was dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours under normal pressure to obtain a molded body.
- the compact was subjected to pulse current sintering under vacuum conditions at 2000 ° C. for 5 minutes while applying a pressure of 30 MPa by a discharge plasma sintering method under vacuum. As a result, a ceramic carbon composite material E was obtained.
- Example 6 The same carbon fiber (10 g) as in Example 5, silicon nitride (9.1 g), and Al 2 O 3 (0.6 g) and Y 2 O 3 (0.3 g) as sintering aids were mixed. The powder thus obtained and ethanol (6.06 g) were mixed by a gel casting method, and the mixture was cast into a plastic mold. The volume ratio of carbon fiber to ceramics in the mixture was 60:40. The obtained mixture was dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours under normal pressure to obtain a molded body. Next, the compact was subjected to pulse current sintering under vacuum conditions at 2000 ° C. for 5 minutes while applying a pressure of 30 MPa by a discharge plasma sintering method under vacuum. As a result, a ceramic carbon composite material F was obtained.
- Example 7 The same carbon fiber (10 g) as in Example 5, silicon nitride (13.65 g), and Al 2 O 3 (0.9 g) and Y 2 O 3 (0.9 g) as sintering aids were mixed. The powder thus obtained and ethanol (7.27 g) were mixed by a gel casting method, and the mixture was cast into a plastic mold. The volume ratio of carbon fiber to ceramics in the mixture was 50:50. The obtained mixture was dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours under normal pressure to obtain a molded body. Next, the compact was subjected to pulse current sintering under vacuum conditions at 2000 ° C. for 5 minutes while applying a pressure of 30 MPa by a discharge plasma sintering method under vacuum. As a result, a ceramic carbon composite material G was obtained.
- Example 8 A ceramic carbon composite material H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that a carbon fiber having a mean fiber length of 50 ⁇ m was used instead of a carbon fiber having a mean fiber length of 50 ⁇ m.
- Example 9 A ceramic carbon composite I was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that silicon carbide powder (particle size distribution: 1 to 5 ⁇ m) was used instead of silicon nitride.
- Ceramic carbon composite material J was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that artificial graphite having a particle size distribution of 15 to 20 ⁇ m was used instead of carbon fiber.
- the bulk density, relative density, bending strength and thermal conductivity of the obtained ceramic carbon composites E to J were measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4.
- the bending strength the state of the test piece was observed after the test, and the completely separated one was broken, and the one not separated was not broken.
- the bending strength and thermal conductivity are measured only in the direction perpendicular to the press direction in the spark plasma sintering method. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 8 The bending strength tends to increase as the ceramic content increases in Examples 5 to 8, and Example 8 with a long carbon fiber length shows a bending strength larger than that of Example 6, and is due to the use of carbon fibers. It is clear that the characteristics are controlled. In the comparative example, the test piece broke after the bending test, but in each of the examples, the test piece did not break after the bending test, indicating that it has an advantage in shape retention at the time of breaking. Therefore, it can be seen that by using carbon fiber as the carbonaceous material, a ceramic carbon composite material that does not break the test piece in the bending test and has excellent shape retention at the time of breaking can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 shows surface polishing photographs of Examples 5 to 7.
- a) to c) correspond to Examples 5 to 7, respectively, where the dark portion is the carbonaceous material and the light portion is the ceramic interface layer.
- the ceramic interface layer is formed around the carbon fiber with almost no gap and the relative density is increased. Further, it is presumed that the tendency of the carbon fibers to be oriented in one direction increases as the proportion of the carbon fibers increases.
- Example 10 Artificial graphite particles (manufactured by Toyo Tanso Co., Ltd., mesophase graphite, particle size distribution (d10 to d90) 15 to 20 ⁇ m) as a carbonaceous material were heat-treated at 1200 ° C. in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the sintered body is subjected to pulse current sintering under vacuum conditions at 2000 ° C. for 5 minutes while applying a pressure of 30 MPa by a discharge plasma sintering method (SPS method) under vacuum, thereby producing a ceramic carbon composite.
- Material K was obtained.
- Example 11 A ceramic carbon composite material L was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the heat treatment under an inert gas atmosphere was set to 2300 ° C.
- Example 12 A ceramic carbon composite material M was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the heat treatment under an inert gas atmosphere was 2500 ° C. and the degree of graphitization was 67%.
- the bulk density, relative density, bending strength and thermal conductivity of the obtained ceramic carbon composites K to M were measured in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 4.
- the Shore hardness was measured as follows. Regarding the bending strength, the state of the test piece was observed after the test, and the completely separated one was broken, and the one not separated was not broken. The bending strength and thermal conductivity are measured only in the direction perpendicular to the press direction in the spark plasma sintering method.
- As a comparative material the above-described ceramic carbon composite material J was used. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Shore hardness was measured using a hardness tester Shore type D (manufactured by Nakai Seiki Seisakusho, Model No. 20309). Five points were measured for one test piece, and the average value of three points excluding the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured values was defined as Shore hardness. Specifically, JIS Shore hardness was measured according to Z 2246.
- the ceramic carbon composite materials according to Example 10 and Example 11 showed lower values of bending strength and shore hardness, although the thermal conductivity was lower than that of the comparative example. It has been shown that physical properties are improved by using a carbonaceous material having a low graphitization degree.
- the ceramic carbon composite material according to Example 12 whose degree of graphitization was increased by the heat treatment had a high thermal conductivity, although the physical properties were inferior to those of Examples 10 and 11, and depending on the carbon particles used. It shows that the characteristics of the ceramic carbon composite material are controlled.
Abstract
Description
X-ray study of the graphitization of carbon black. J Appl Phys 1954; 25(12):
1503-10.
セラミックスが表面に付着した炭素質材料2を含む成形体を作製する。
次に、成形体を焼成する。焼成方法としては、例えば、放電プラズマ焼結法、常圧焼結法、ホットプレス焼結法等を用いることができる。この内、放電プラズマ焼結法は、2分~60分の短時間で高密度焼結ができるので、便利である。
炭素質材料としての人造黒鉛粒子(東洋炭素社製、メソフェーズ黒鉛、粒子径分布(d10~d90)15~20μm、黒鉛化度67%)10gと、窒化アルミニウム粉末(粒子径分布(d10~d90)1~5μm)3.55gと、焼結助剤としてY2O3(0.19g)とを混合した粉末と、アクリルアミド(8g)及びN,N’-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(1g)をイソプロパノール(45g)に溶解して調整したバインダー溶液(2.84g)とをゲルキャスティング法により混合し、混合物をプラスティックモールドにキャスティングした。混合物中の炭素質材料とセラミックスとの体積比は80:20であった。得られた混合物を常圧下、80℃で12時間乾燥して成形体を得た。次に、成形体を真空下で、放電プラズマ焼結法にて、30MPaの圧力を印加しつつ、2000℃で5分間、真空条件でパルス通電焼結して、セラミックス炭素複合材Aが得られた。
炭素質材料として、人造黒鉛粒子(東洋炭素社製、切削加工残粉、粒子径分布(d10~d90)2~100μm、黒鉛化度83%)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Bを得た。
炭素質材料として、人造黒鉛粒子(東洋炭素社製、黒鉛材粉砕粉、アスペクト比3.5、黒鉛化度98%)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Cを得た。
炭素質材料として、天然黒鉛粒子(東洋炭素社製、、粒子径分布(d10~d90)15~20μm、黒鉛化度92%)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Dを得た。
アルキメデス法により、かさ密度を測定した。具体的には、JIS A1509-3に基づき測定した。
上記の方法で測定したかさ密度と、同じサンプルの理論密度(気孔のない状態おける密度)との比により相対密度を計算した(JIS Z2500-3407を参照)。
3点曲げ強度試験により、曲げ強度を測定した。具体的には、JIS A1509-4に基づき測定した。テストピースは、放電プラズマ焼結法のプレスの方向に対して平行、垂直となる部位でそれぞれ採取し、前記平行、垂直の各々について曲げ強度を測定した。
レーザーフラッシュ法により、熱伝導率を測定した。具体的には、JIS R1650-3に基づき測定した。曲げ試験と同様に、放電プラズマ焼結法のプレスの方向に対して平行、垂直となる方向の各々について熱伝導率を測定した。
ピッチ系炭素繊維(三菱樹脂社製、ミルドファイバーK223HM、平均繊維径11μm)平均繊維長50μmの炭素繊維(10g)と、窒化ケイ素(宇部興産株式会社製Si3N4、4.63g)と、焼結助剤としてのAl2O3(0.39g)及びY2O3(0.19g)とを混合した粉末と、エタノール(5.19g)とをゲルキャスティング法により混合し、混合物をプラスティックモールドにキャスティングした。混合物中の炭素繊維とセラミックスとの体積比は70:30であった。得られた混合物を常圧下、80℃で12時間乾燥して成形体を得た。次に、成形体を真空下で、放電プラズマ焼結法にて、30MPaの圧力を印加しつつ、2000℃で5分間、真空条件でパルス通電焼結した。その結果、セラミックス炭素複合材Eが得られた。
実施例5と同一の炭素繊維(10g)と、窒化ケイ素(9.1g)と、焼結助剤としてのAl2O3(0.6g)及びY2O3(0.3g)とを混合した粉末と、エタノール(6.06g)とをゲルキャスティング法により混合し、混合物をプラスティックモールドにキャスティングした。混合物中の炭素繊維とセラミックスとの体積比は60:40であった。得られた混合物を常圧下、80℃で12時間乾燥して成形体を得た。次に、成形体を真空下で、放電プラズマ焼結法にて、30MPaの圧力を印加しつつ、2000℃で5分間、真空条件でパルス通電焼結した。その結果、セラミックス炭素複合材Fが得られた。
実施例5と同一の炭素繊維(10g)と、窒化ケイ素(13.65g)と、焼結助剤としてのAl2O3(0.9g)及びY2O3(0.9g)とを混合した粉末と、エタノール(7.27g)とをゲルキャスティング法により混合し、混合物をプラスティックモールドにキャスティングした。混合物中の炭素繊維とセラミックスとの体積比は50:50であった。得られた混合物を常圧下、80℃で12時間乾燥して成形体を得た。次に、成形体を真空下で、放電プラズマ焼結法にて、30MPaの圧力を印加しつつ、2000℃で5分間、真空条件でパルス通電焼結した。その結果、セラミックス炭素複合材Gが得られた。
炭素繊維として、平均繊維長50μmのものに替えて200μmのものを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Hを得た。
窒化ケイ素の替りに、炭化ケイ素粉末(粒子径分布1~5μm)を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Iを得た。
炭素繊維に替えて、粒子径分布15~20μmの人造黒鉛を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Jを得た。
炭素質材料としての人造黒鉛粒子(東洋炭素社製、メソフェーズ黒鉛、粒子径分布(d10~d90)15~20μm)を不活性ガス雰囲気下で1200℃の熱処理を行った。この熱処理後の黒鉛10gと、窒化アルミニウム粉末(粒子径分布(d10~d90)1~5μm)5.96gと、焼結助剤としてのAl2O3(0.39g)及びY2O3(0.20g)とを混合した粉末と、アクリルアミド(8g)及びN,N’-メチレンビスアクリルアミド(1g)をイソプロパノール(45g)に溶解して調整したバインダー溶液(2.84g)とをゲルキャスティング法により混合し、混合物をプラスティックモールドにキャスティングした。混合物中の炭素質材料とセラミックスとの体積比は70:30であった。得られた混合物を常圧下、80℃で12時間乾燥して成形体を得た。次に、成形体を真空下で、放電プラズマ焼結法(SPS法)にて、30MPaの圧力を印加しつつ、2000℃で5分間、真空条件でパルス通電焼結することで、セラミックス炭素複合材Kが得られた。
不活性ガス雰囲気下での熱処理を2300℃とした以外は、実施例10と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Lを得た。
不活性ガス雰囲気下での熱処理を2500℃として黒鉛化度を67%とした以外は、実施例10と同様にして、セラミックス炭素複合材Mを得た。
硬さ試験機ショア式D型(仲井精機製作所製、型番20309)を用いて、ショア硬さを測定した。1つの試験片に対し5点測定し、測定値の最大値及び最小値を除いた3点の平均値を、ショア硬さとした。具体的には、JIS
Z 2246に従いショア硬さを測定した。
2…炭素粒子
3…セラミックス界面層
Claims (9)
- 炭素質材料間にセラミックスの界面層が形成され、前記セラミックスの界面層が炭素質材料間で連続した3次元網目構造を有しているセラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法であって、
前記炭素質材料の形状、硬さ、及び黒鉛化度の、いずれか少なくとも1つを特定して選択することで、セラミックス炭素複合材の特性を制御することを特徴とするセラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法。 - 前記炭素質材料は、アスペクト比(平均長軸径/平均短軸径)1.5~20である請求項1に記載のセラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法。
- 前記炭素質材料は、炭素繊維を用いることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のセラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法。
- 前記炭素繊維は、平均繊維長が20~5000μmであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のセラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法。
- 前記炭素質材料は、黒鉛化度が20~100%である請求項1又は2に記載のセラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法。
- 炭素質材料間にセラミックスの界面層が形成され、前記セラミックスの界面層が炭素質材料間で連続した3次元網目構造を有しているセラミックス炭素複合材であって、前記炭素質材料が炭素繊維であることを特徴とするセラミックス炭素複合材。
- 相対密度が90%以上であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のセラミックス炭素複合材。
- 前記炭素繊維は、50体積%以上含まれていることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載のセラミックス炭素複合材。
- 前記炭素繊維は、平均繊維長が20~5000μmであることを特徴とする請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載のセラミックス炭素複合材。
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CN201380061584.7A CN104822639A (zh) | 2012-11-26 | 2013-11-22 | 陶瓷碳复合材的特性控制方法和陶瓷碳复合材 |
US14/440,386 US20150299053A1 (en) | 2012-11-26 | 2013-11-22 | Method for controlling characteristics of ceramic carbon composite, and ceramic carbon composite |
JP2014548625A JPWO2014081005A1 (ja) | 2012-11-26 | 2013-11-22 | セラミックス炭素複合材の特性制御方法並びにセラミックス炭素複合材 |
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US20150299053A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
CN104822639A (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
TW201434793A (zh) | 2014-09-16 |
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