WO2014076767A1 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014076767A1 WO2014076767A1 PCT/JP2012/079401 JP2012079401W WO2014076767A1 WO 2014076767 A1 WO2014076767 A1 WO 2014076767A1 JP 2012079401 W JP2012079401 W JP 2012079401W WO 2014076767 A1 WO2014076767 A1 WO 2014076767A1
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- particulate matter
- amount
- region
- exhaust gas
- coat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
- F01N2330/60—Discontinuous, uneven properties of filter material, e.g. different material thickness along the longitudinal direction; Higher filter capacity upstream than downstream in same housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0408—Methods of control or diagnosing using a feed-back loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1606—Particle filter loading or soot amount
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
- a compression ignition type internal combustion engine in which a particulate filter for collecting particulate matter in exhaust gas is disposed in an exhaust passage is known. As a result, the amount of particulate matter discharged into the atmosphere is suppressed.
- the pressure loss of the particulate filter gradually increases. As a result, the engine output may be reduced.
- an internal combustion engine in which PM removal control is performed to increase the temperature of the particulate filter while maintaining the particulate filter in an oxidizing atmosphere, thereby burning particulate matter and removing it from the particulate filter (Patent Document). 1).
- PM removal control is performed when the pressure difference exceeds a predetermined upper limit value.
- the exhaust gas contains an incombustible component called ash, and this ash is collected by the particulate filter together with the particulate matter.
- ash does not burn or vaporize and remains on the particulate filter.
- the engine operation time becomes longer, the ash amount on the particulate filter gradually increases, and the pressure loss of the particulate filter gradually increases.
- the engine output may decrease.
- a porous partition wall that separates the exhaust gas inflow passage and the exhaust gas outflow passage from each other, and the surface of the base material is covered with a coating layer having an average pore diameter smaller than the average pore diameter of the partition wall base material.
- the coated area and the non-coated area where the substrate surface is not covered with the coated layer on the downstream side of the coated area are partitioned so that the ash contained in the exhaust gas can pass through the partition in the non-coated area.
- a particulate filter a first calculation means for calculating the amount of particulate matter collected in the non-coated region, and a trap in the non-coated region
- First discriminating means for discriminating whether or not the amount of the particulate matter collected is larger than the first allowable upper limit amount, and the amount of the particulate matter collected in the uncoated region is the first allowable upper limit amount
- An exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine includes first PM removal means that performs PM removal control for removing particulate matter from the particulate filter when it is determined that the amount is greater than the particulate filter.
- the first calculating means is based on the amount of particulate matter that has flowed into the particulate filter, the particulate matter collection rate of the coated region, and the particulate matter collection rate of the non-coated region. The amount of particulate matter collected in the coat area is calculated.
- the second calculation means for calculating the amount of the particulate matter collected in the coat region, and whether or not the amount of the particulate matter collected in the coat region is larger than the second allowable upper limit amount.
- second PM removing means for performing PM removal control when it is determined that the amount of the particulate matter collected in the coat region is larger than the second allowable upper limit amount, are further provided.
- the second calculating means is configured to determine the amount of the particulate matter collected in the coat region based on the amount of the particulate matter that has flowed into the particulate filter and the particulate matter collection rate of the coat region. Is calculated.
- the coating layer is formed from metal particles having an oxidation function.
- the average pore diameter of the partition wall substrate is set to 25 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average diameter of the particles forming the coating layer is set to 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 1 is an overall view of an internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of a particulate filter. It is side surface sectional drawing of a particulate filter. It is a partial expanded sectional view of a partition. It is a partial expanded sectional view of a coat layer. It is the schematic explaining the collection mechanism of a particulate filter. It is the schematic explaining the collection mechanism of a particulate filter. It is the schematic explaining the collection mechanism of a particulate filter. It is the schematic explaining the collection mechanism of a particulate filter. It is the schematic explaining the collection mechanism of a particulate filter. It is the schematic explaining the collection mechanism of a particulate filter. It is a time chart explaining the Example by this invention. It is a map which shows particulate matter inflow amount qPMi.
- 1 is a main body of a compression ignition internal combustion engine
- 2 is a combustion chamber of each cylinder
- 3 is an electronically controlled fuel injection valve for injecting fuel into each combustion chamber 2
- 4 is an intake manifold.
- Reference numeral 5 denotes an exhaust manifold.
- the intake manifold 4 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 7 c of the exhaust turbocharger 7 via the intake duct 6, and the inlet of the compressor 7 c is connected to the air cleaner 9 via the air flow meter 8.
- An electrically controlled throttle valve 10 is arranged in the intake duct 6, and a cooling device 11 for cooling intake air flowing in the intake duct 6 is arranged around the intake duct 6.
- the exhaust manifold 5 is connected to the inlet of the exhaust turbine 7 t of the exhaust turbocharger 7, and the outlet of the exhaust turbine 7 t is connected to the exhaust aftertreatment device 20.
- each fuel injection valve 3 is connected to a common rail 16 through a fuel supply pipe 15. Fuel is supplied into the common rail 16 from an electronically controlled fuel pump 17 with variable discharge amount, and the fuel supplied into the common rail 16 is supplied to the fuel injection valve 3 through each fuel supply pipe 15. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, this fuel is composed of light oil.
- the internal combustion engine comprises a spark ignition internal combustion engine. In this case, the fuel is composed of gasoline.
- the exhaust aftertreatment device 20 includes an exhaust pipe 21 connected to the outlet of the exhaust turbine 7t, a catalytic converter 22 connected to the exhaust pipe 21, and an exhaust pipe 23 connected to the catalytic converter 22.
- a wall flow type particulate filter 24 is disposed in the catalytic converter 22.
- the catalyst converter 22 is provided with a temperature sensor 25 for detecting the temperature of the particulate filter 24.
- a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter 24 is disposed in the exhaust pipe 21.
- a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing out from the particulate filter 24 is disposed in the exhaust pipe 23. The temperature of these exhaust gases represents the temperature of the particulate filter 24.
- the catalyst converter 22 is further provided with a pressure loss sensor 26 for detecting the pressure loss of the particulate filter 24.
- the pressure loss sensor 26 includes a pressure difference sensor for detecting a pressure difference upstream and downstream of the particulate filter 24.
- the pressure loss sensor 26 is a sensor that is attached to the exhaust pipe 21 and detects the engine back pressure.
- a fuel addition valve 27 is attached to the exhaust manifold 5. Fuel is added from the common rail 16 to the fuel addition valve 27, and fuel is added from the fuel addition valve 27 into the exhaust manifold 5. In another embodiment, the fuel addition valve 27 is disposed in the exhaust pipe 21.
- the electronic control unit 30 is composed of a digital computer, and is connected to each other by a bidirectional bus 31.
- Output signals of the air flow meter 8, the temperature sensor 25, and the pressure difference sensor 26 are input to the input port 35 via corresponding AD converters 37, respectively.
- the accelerator pedal 39 is connected to a load sensor 40 that generates an output voltage proportional to the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 39.
- the output voltage of the load sensor 40 is input to the input port 35 via the corresponding AD converter 37. Is done.
- the input port 35 is connected to a crank angle sensor 41 that generates an output pulse every time the crankshaft rotates, for example, 15 °.
- the CPU 34 calculates the engine speed Ne based on the output pulse from the crank angle sensor 41.
- the output port 36 is connected to the fuel injection valve 3, the throttle valve 10 drive device, the EGR control valve 13, the fuel pump 17, and the fuel addition valve 27 through corresponding drive circuits 38.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show the structure of the wall flow type particulate filter 24.
- FIG. 2A shows a front view of the particulate filter 24, and
- FIG. 2B shows a side sectional view of the particulate filter 24.
- the particulate filter 24 has a honeycomb structure, and a plurality of exhaust flow passages 71i and 71o extending in parallel with each other, and a partition wall separating the exhaust flow passages 71i and 71o from each other. 72.
- FIG. 1 shows a honeycomb structure, and a plurality of exhaust flow passages 71i and 71o extending in parallel with each other, and a partition wall separating the exhaust flow passages 71i and 71o from each other. 72.
- the exhaust flow passages 71i and 71o are composed of an exhaust gas inflow passage 71i having an upstream end opened and a downstream end closed by a plug 73d, and an upstream end closed by a plug 73u and a downstream end.
- the exhaust gas outflow passage 71o is opened.
- hatched portions indicate plugs 73u. Therefore, the exhaust gas inflow passages 71 i and the exhaust gas outflow passages 71 o are alternately arranged via the thin partition walls 72.
- each exhaust gas inflow passage 71i is surrounded by four exhaust gas outflow passages 71o, and each exhaust gas outflow passage 71o is surrounded by four exhaust gas inflow passages 71i.
- the exhaust flow passage is constituted by an exhaust gas inflow passage whose upstream end and downstream end are opened, and an exhaust gas outflow passage whose upstream end is closed by a plug and whose downstream end is opened.
- the partition wall 72 is divided into a coat region CZ and a non-coat region NCZ located on the downstream side of the coat region CZ.
- the surface of the base material 72 s of the partition wall 72 is covered with the coat layer 75 in the coat region CZ.
- the surface of the partition wall base material 72s is not covered with the above-described coat layer 75.
- the coat layer 75 is provided on one surface of the partition wall substrate 72s facing the exhaust gas inflow passage 71i. In another embodiment, the coat layer 75 is provided on one surface of the partition wall substrate 72s facing the exhaust gas outflow passage 71o. In yet another embodiment, the coat layer 75 is provided on both surfaces of the partition wall base 72s facing the exhaust gas inflow passage 71i and the exhaust gas outflow passage 71o.
- the partition wall base 72s in the coat region CZ is thinner than the partition base 72s in the non-coat region NCZ, and the thickness of the partition 72 in the coat region CZ and the non-coat region NCZ.
- the thickness of the partition wall 72 is substantially equal to each other. Therefore, the exhaust gas inflow passage and the flow passage area of 71i in the coat region CZ and the flow passage area of the exhaust gas inflow passage and 71i in the non-coat region NCZ are substantially equal to each other.
- the thickness of the partition wall base material 72s in the coat region CZ and the thickness of the partition wall base material 72s in the non-coat region NCZ are substantially equal, and the flow area of the exhaust gas inflow passage 71i in the coat region CZ is the same.
- the exhaust gas inflow passage in the non-coat region NCZ and the flow passage area of 71i are smaller by the coat layer 75.
- the upstream edge of the coating region CZ substantially coincides with the upstream end of the partition wall 72.
- the upstream edge of the coat region CZ is located downstream of the upstream end of the partition wall 72.
- the downstream edge of the non-coated region NCZ substantially coincides with the downstream end of the partition wall 72.
- the downstream edge of the uncoated region NCZ is located upstream from the downstream end of the partition wall 72.
- the longitudinal length of the coat region CZ is set to, for example, 50% to 90% of the longitudinal length of the particulate filter 24.
- the partition wall substrate 72s is formed of a porous material, for example, a ceramic such as cordierite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, titania, alumina, silica, mullite, lithium aluminum silicate, and zirconium phosphate.
- a ceramic such as cordierite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, titania, alumina, silica, mullite, lithium aluminum silicate, and zirconium phosphate.
- the coat layer 75 is formed of a large number of particles 76 as shown in FIG. 4, and has a large number of gaps or pores 77 between the particles 76. Therefore, the coat layer 75 has porosity. Therefore, as shown by an arrow in FIG. 2B, the exhaust gas first flows into the exhaust gas inflow passage 71i, and then flows into the adjacent exhaust gas outflow passage 71o through the surrounding partition wall 72.
- the particles 76 are made of a metal having an oxidation function.
- a platinum group metal such as platinum Pt, rhodium Rh, or palladium Pd can be used.
- the particles 76 are composed of a ceramic similar to the partition wall substrate 72s.
- the particles 76 are composed of one or both of ceramic and metal.
- the average pore diameter of the partition wall substrate 72s is set to 25 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the inventors of the present application have confirmed that most of the ash contained in the exhaust gas can pass through the partition wall 72 when the average pore diameter of the partition wall substrate 72s is 25 ⁇ m or more. Therefore, in other words, the pore diameter of the partition wall 72 is set so that the ash contained in the exhaust gas can pass through the partition wall 72 in the uncoated region NCZ.
- the pore diameter of the partition wall 72 is set so that the particulate material and the ash can pass through the partition wall 72 in the uncoated region NCZ. You can also see that.
- the average pore diameter of the coat layer 75 is set smaller than the average pore diameter of the partition wall substrate 72s. Specifically, the average pore diameter of the coat layer 75 is set so that the coat layer 75 can collect the particulate matter contained in the exhaust gas. Furthermore, the average diameter of the particles 76 (secondary particles) is set to 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. If the average diameter of the particles 76 is smaller than 1 ⁇ m, the amount of the particulate matter passing through the coat layer 75 becomes larger than the allowable amount. If the average diameter of the particles 76 is larger than 10 ⁇ m, the pressure loss of the particulate filter 24 or the coat layer 75 becomes larger than the allowable value.
- the average pore diameter of the partition wall substrate means the median diameter (50% diameter) of the pore diameter distribution obtained by the mercury intrusion method, and the average particle diameter is the laser diffraction / scattering. This means the median diameter (50% diameter) of the volume-based particle size distribution obtained by the method.
- the exhaust gas contains particulate matter mainly formed from solid carbon. This particulate matter is collected on the particulate filter 24.
- ash is contained in the exhaust gas, and this ash is also collected by the particulate filter 24 together with the particulate matter. It has been confirmed by the present inventors that this ash is mainly formed from calcium salts such as calcium sulfate CaSO 4 and zinc phosphate calcium Ca 19 Zn 2 (PO 4 ) 14 .
- Calcium Ca, zinc Zn, phosphorus P and the like are derived from engine lubricating oil, and sulfur S is derived from fuel. That is, taking calcium sulfate CaSO 4 as an example, engine lubricating oil flows into combustion chamber 2 and burns, and calcium Ca in the lubricating oil combines with sulfur S in the fuel to produce calcium sulfate CaSO 4. Is done.
- a conventional particulate filter having an average pore diameter of about 10 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m and not provided with the coat layer 75 in other words, a particulate filter that hardly allows ash to pass, is disposed in the engine exhaust passage. It is confirmed that the particulate matter tends to accumulate in the upstream portion of the partition wall 72 rather than the downstream portion of the partition wall 72, and the ash tends to accumulate in the downstream portion of the partition wall 72 rather than the upstream portion of the partition wall 72. Has been.
- the coat region CZ is provided on the upstream side of the partition wall 72, and the non-coat region NCZ is provided on the downstream side of the partition wall 72.
- the particulate matter is collected in the coat layer 75 in the upstream coat region CZ, and the ash passes through the partition wall 72 in the downstream non-coat region NCZ. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the accumulation of ash on the particulate filter 24 while suppressing the particulate matter from passing through the particulate filter 24. In other words, it is possible to suppress the pressure loss of the particulate filter 24 from being increased by ash while reliably collecting the particulate matter.
- Combustion chamber 2 is burning under excess oxygen. Therefore, unless the fuel is secondarily supplied from the fuel injection valve 3 and the fuel addition valve 27, the particulate filter 24 is in an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the coat layer 75 is made of a metal having an oxidation function. As a result, the particulate matter collected in the coat layer 75 is sequentially oxidized. However, when the amount of particulate matter collected per unit time is larger than the amount of particulate matter oxidized per unit time, the amount of particulate matter collected on the particulate filter 24 is reduced. It increases with the passage of engine operating time.
- 5A to 5E show the collection mechanism of the particulate filter 24 when the amount of the particulate matter collected on the particulate filter 24 increases with the passage of the engine operation time.
- the particulate matter 80 is mainly collected in the pores of the coat layer 75 in the coat region CZ. In this case, the particulate matter hardly reaches the uncoated region NCZ.
- the state where the engine operating time is zero corresponds to a state where the particulate filter 24 is not used. As the engine operation time elapses, the amount of particulate matter trapped in the pores of the coat layer 75 increases.
- the particulate matter 80 is mainly collected in the pores on the surface of the coat layer 75 as shown in FIG. 5B. As the engine operation time further elapses, the amount of particulate matter collected on the surface of the coat layer 75 increases.
- the particulate matter 80 reaches the uncoated region NCZ and passes through the partition wall 72 as shown in FIG. 5C. At this time, the amount of particulate matter collected in the coat region CZ hardly increases.
- a part of the particulate matter that has reached the uncoated region NCZ collides with the inner wall surface of the pores of the partition wall 72 and is collected in the pores of the partition wall 72. That is, as shown in FIG. 5D, the particulate matter 80 is mainly collected in the pores of the partition walls 72 in the uncoated region NCZ. As the engine operation time further elapses, the amount of particulate matter collected in the pores of the partition walls 72 in the uncoated region NCZ increases.
- the particulate matter 80 is mainly collected on the surface of the partition wall 72 in the uncoated region NCZ.
- the amount of particulate matter collected on the surface of the partition wall 72 in the uncoated region NCZ increases.
- the amount QPMNCZ of the particulate matter collected in the uncoated region NCZ is calculated.
- PM removal control for removing particulate matter from the particulate filter 24 is performed.
- the amount of particulate matter trapped in the uncoated region NCZ is reduced, thus allowing the ash to easily pass through the uncoated region NCZ.
- the amount of particulate matter QPMCZ collected in the coating region CZ is further calculated.
- PM removal control for removing the particulate matter from the particulate filter 24 is performed.
- the amount of the particulate matter collected in the coat region CZ is reduced, and the amount of the particulate matter passing through the coat region CZ and reaching the non-coat region NCZ is reduced.
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coated region CZ and the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the non-coated region NCZ are increased.
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ becomes larger than the first allowable upper limit amount QPMNCZU
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coated region CZ becomes the second allowable upper limit amount QPMCZU.
- PM removal control is started even if it is not larger than the above. As a result, the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coated area CZ and the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the non-coated area NCZ respectively decrease.
- the PM removal control is stopped when both the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coated area CZ and the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the non-coated area NCZ become substantially zero. In yet another embodiment, the PM removal control is stopped when one of the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coated region CZ and the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the non-coated region NCZ becomes substantially zero.
- the amount of particulate matter QPMCZ collected in the coating region CZ is repeatedly updated using the following equation (1).
- QPMCZ QPMCZ + qPMi ⁇ EPMCZ ⁇ qPMCZd (1)
- qPMi is the amount of particulate matter that has flowed into the particulate filter 24 or the coating region CZ per unit time
- EPMCZ is the particulate matter collection rate of the coating region CZ
- qPMCZd is the amount per unit time. The amount of particulate matter removed from the coat region CZ is shown respectively. Therefore, qPMi ⁇ EPMCZ represents an increase per unit time of the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ, and qPMCZd represents a decrease per unit time of the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ.
- the particulate matter inflow qPMi is calculated based on the engine operating state. That is, the particulate matter inflow amount qPMi is stored in advance in the ROM 32 in the form of the map shown in FIG. 7 as a function of the fuel injection amount QF representing the engine load and the engine speed Ne, and is calculated using this map.
- the particulate matter inflow amount qPMi is detected by a particulate matter sensor attached to the exhaust passage upstream of the particulate filter 24.
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coating region CZ is a ratio of the amount of particulate matter collected in the coating region CZ to the amount of particulate matter flowing into the coating region CZ (0 ⁇ EPMCZ ⁇ 1).
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ of the coat region CZ is stored in advance in the ROM 32 in the form of a map shown in FIG. 8 as a function of the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ of the coat region CZ. And is calculated using this map.
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coat region CZ decreases as the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ increases, except when the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ is very small.
- the decrease qPMCZd per unit time of the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ is calculated based on the engine operating state. That is, the decrease qPMCZd is stored in advance in the ROM 32 in the form of a map shown in FIG. 9 as a function of the intake air amount Ga and the temperature TF of the particulate filter 24, and is calculated using this map.
- Equation (2) EPMNCZ represents the particulate matter collection rate of the uncoated region NCZ, and qPMNCZd represents the amount of particulate matter removed from the uncoated region NCZ per unit time.
- qPMi ⁇ (1-EPMCZ) is the amount of particulate matter that has passed through the coated region CZ and has flowed into the uncoated region NCZ
- qPMi ⁇ (1-EPMCZ) ⁇ EPMNCZ is the unit time of the particulate matter trapping amount QPMNCZ
- QPMNCZd represents a decrease per unit time of the particulate matter trapping amount QPMCZ.
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMNCZ is the ratio of the amount of particulate matter collected in the non-coated region NCZ to the amount of particulate matter that has flowed into the uncoated region NCZ (0 ⁇ EPMNCZ ⁇ 1).
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ is stored in advance in the ROM 32 in the form of the map shown in FIG. 10 as a function of the particulate matter collected amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ. It is calculated using this map.
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ increases as the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ increases.
- the decrease qPMCZd per unit time of the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ is calculated based on the engine operating state. That is, the decrease qPMCZd is stored in advance in the ROM 32 in the form of the map shown in FIG. 11 as a function of the intake air amount Ga and the temperature TF of the particulate filter 24, and is calculated using this map.
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ is calculated based on the amount of particulate matter qPMi flowing into the particulate filter 24 and the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coat region CZ.
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ is the amount of particulate matter qPMi flowing into the particulate filter 24, the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coated region CZ, and the particulate matter in the uncoated region NCZ. Calculated based on the material collection rate EPMNCZ.
- the PM removal control includes temperature increase control for raising the temperature of the particulate filter 24 to the PM removal temperature and maintaining it under an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the PM removal temperature TPM is 600 ° C., for example.
- the temperature rise control the particulate matter collected by the particulate filter 24 is oxidized and removed.
- the fuel added from the fuel addition valve 27 is burned in the exhaust passage or the particulate filter 24.
- the fuel secondarily injected from the fuel injection valve 3 is combusted in the combustion chamber 2, the exhaust passage, or the particulate filter 24.
- the PM removal control includes NOx increase control for increasing the amount of NOx in the exhaust gas flowing into the particulate filter 24 in order to oxidize and remove particulate matter with NOx. In order to increase the amount of NOx, for example, the amount of EGR gas is decreased.
- the PM removal control is configured to supply ozone to the particulate filter 24 from an ozone supply device connected to an exhaust passage upstream of the particulate filter 24 in order to oxidize and remove particulate matter by ozone. Consists of supply control.
- FIG. 12 shows the relationship between the ash collection rate EA of the particulate filter 24 and the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ.
- the ash collection rate EA is a ratio of the amount of ash collected by the particulate filter 24 to the amount of ash flowing into the particulate filter 24.
- the ash collection rate EA increases as the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ increases.
- the first allowable upper limit amount QPMNCZU is set so that the ash collection rate EA becomes the allowable upper limit value EAU.
- PM removal control is performed, thereby reducing the ash collection rate EA. Therefore, the ash collection rate EA is prevented from increasing beyond the allowable upper limit value EAU.
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coating region CZ and the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coating region CZ.
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coat region CZ decreases as the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ increases, except when the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ is very small.
- the second allowable upper limit amount QPMCZU is set so that the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ becomes the allowable lower limit value EPMCZL.
- PM removal control is performed, thereby increasing the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ. Therefore, the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ is prevented from decreasing beyond the allowable lower limit EPMCZL.
- the relationship between the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coat region CZ and the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ shown in FIGS. 8 and 13 is related to the intake air amount Ga or the temperature TF of the particulate filter 24. It can vary accordingly. Therefore, in another embodiment, the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ in the coat region CZ is corrected based on at least one of the intake air amount Ga and the temperature TF of the particulate filter 24. In yet another embodiment, the second allowable upper limit amount QPMCZU is corrected based on at least one of the intake air amount Ga and the temperature TF of the particulate filter 24.
- FIG. 14 shows a routine for executing the exhaust purification control of the embodiment according to the present invention.
- step 101 the particulate matter collection amounts QPMCZ and QPMNCZ calculated by the routine shown in FIG. 15 are read.
- step 102 it is determined whether or not the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ is larger than the second allowable upper limit amount QPMCZU.
- QPMCZ> QPMCZU the routine proceeds to step 103 where PM removal control is executed. The processing cycle is then terminated.
- step 104 it is determined whether or not the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ is larger than the first allowable upper limit amount QPMNCZU.
- QPMNCZ> QPMNCZU the routine proceeds to step 103 where PM removal control is executed.
- QPMNCZ ⁇ QPMNCZU the processing cycle is terminated. In this case, PM removal control is not executed.
- FIG. 15 shows a routine for executing calculation control of the particulate matter trapping amounts QPMCZ and QPMNCZ of the embodiment according to the present invention.
- step 111 the amount of particulate matter qPMi flowing into the particulate filter 24 per unit time is calculated using FIG.
- step 112 the particulate matter collection rate EPMCZ of the coat region CZ is calculated using FIG. 8 based on the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ of the current coat region CZ.
- a decrease qPMCZd per unit time of the particulate matter trapping amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ is calculated using FIG.
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ is calculated using the equation (1).
- the particulate matter collection rate EPMNCZ in the non-coated region NCZ is calculated using FIG. 10 based on the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the current non-coated region NCZ.
- a decrease qPMNCZd per unit time of the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ is calculated using FIG.
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ is calculated using the equation (2).
- FIG. 16 shows a routine for executing the PM removal control of the embodiment according to the present invention.
- This routine is executed in step 103 of FIG. Referring to FIG. 16, in step 121, the above-described temperature rise control is performed.
- step 122 it is determined whether or not the temperature raising control should be stopped.
- the PM removal control is started when the particulate matter collection amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ exceeds the second allowable upper limit amount QPMCZU, the particulate matter collection amount in the coat region CZ is started.
- QPMCZ becomes almost zero, it is determined that PM removal control should be stopped.
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ exceeds the first allowable upper limit amount QPMNCZU
- the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the non-coated region NCZ is almost equal.
- it becomes zero it is determined that PM removal control should be stopped.
- the process returns to step 121.
- the processing cycle is terminated. Therefore, the temperature rise control is stopped.
- the electronic control unit 30 (FIG. 1) is programmed to calculate the particulate matter trapping amounts QPMCZ and QPMNCZ.
- the electronic control unit 30 is programmed to determine whether or not the particulate matter collection amount QPMNCZ in the uncoated region NCZ is larger than the first allowable upper limit amount QPMNCZU. Further, the electronic control unit 30 is programmed to determine whether or not the particulate matter trapping amount QPMCZ in the coat region CZ is larger than the second allowable upper limit amount QPMCZU. Further, the electronic control unit 30 is programmed to perform PM removal control.
- no coating layer is provided in the non-coated region NCZ.
- another coating layer different from the coating layer 75 is provided in the uncoated region NCZ.
- the average pore diameter of the partition wall 72 in the non-coated region NCZ is set to 25 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less in a state where another coat layer is provided.
- Another coat layer is formed from, for example, a catalyst coat layer supporting a metal having an oxidation function. As a result, the particulate matter that has reached the uncoated region NCZ can be easily oxidized and removed.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
式(1)において、qPMiは単位時間当たりにパティキュレートフィルタ24ないしコート領域CZに流入した粒子状物質の量を、EPMCZはコート領域CZの粒子状物質捕集率を、qPMCZdは単位時間当たりにコート領域CZから除去される粒子状物質の量を、それぞれ表している。したがって、qPMi・EPMCZは粒子状物質捕集量QPMCZの単位時間当たりの増大分を、qPMCZdは粒子状物質捕集量QPMCZの単位時間当たりの減少分を、それぞれ表している。
式(2)において、EPMNCZは非コート領域NCZの粒子状物質捕集率を、qPMNCZdは単位時間当たりに非コート領域NCZから除去される粒子状物質の量を、それぞれ表している。したがって、qPMi・(1-EPMCZ)はコート領域CZを通過し非コート領域NCZに流入した粒子状物質の量を、qPMi・(1-EPMCZ)・EPMNCZは粒子状物質捕集量QPMNCZの単位時間当たりの増大分を、qPMNCZdは粒子状物質捕集量QPMCZの単位時間当たりの減少分を、それぞれ表している。
21 排気管
24 パティキュレートフィルタ
71i 排気ガス流入通路
71o 排気ガス流出通路
72 隔壁
75 コート層
CZ コート領域
NCZ 非コート領域
Claims (7)
- 機関排気通路内に配置された、排気ガス中に含まれる粒子状物質を捕集するためのパティキュレートフィルタであって、交互に配置された排気ガス流入通路及び排気ガス流出通路と、これら排気ガス流入通路及び排気ガス流出通路を互いに隔てる多孔性の隔壁とを備え、隔壁に、平均細孔径が隔壁基材の平均細孔径よりも小さいコート層により基材表面が覆われたコート領域と、コート領域の下流側において基材表面が前記コート層により覆われていない非コート領域とが区画され、非コート領域において排気ガス中に含まれるアッシュが隔壁を通過できるように隔壁の細孔径が設定されている、パティキュレートフィルタと、
非コート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量を算出する第1の算出手段と、
非コート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量が第1の許容上限量よりも多いか否かを判別する第1の判別手段と、
非コート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量が第1の許容上限量よりも多いと判別されたときに、パティキュレートフィルタから粒子状物質を除去するためのPM除去制御を行う第1のPM除去手段と、
を具備した内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 前記第1の算出手段は、パティキュレートフィルタに流入した粒子状物質の量と、コート領域の粒子状物質捕集率と、非コート領域の粒子状物質捕集率とに基づいて非コート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量を算出する、請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- コート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量を算出する第2の算出手段と、コート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量が第2の許容上限量よりも多いか否かを判別する第2の判別手段と、コート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量が第2の許容上限量よりも多いと判別されたときにPM除去制御を行う第2のPM除去手段と、を更に具備した、請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記第2の算出手段は、パティキュレートフィルタに流入した粒子状物質の量と、コート領域の粒子状物質捕集率とに基づいてコート領域に捕集された粒子状物質の量を算出する、請求項3に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記コート層が酸化機能を有する金属粒子から形成される、請求項1から4までのいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記隔壁基材の平均細孔径が25μm以上かつ100μm以下に設定される、請求項1から5までのいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
- 前記コート層を形成する粒子の平均径が1μm以上かつ10μm以下に設定される、請求項1から6までのいずれか一項に記載の内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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US14/441,987 US9689296B2 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine |
EP12888605.8A EP2921666B1 (en) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine |
JP2014525234A JP5737479B2 (ja) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
CN201280074483.9A CN104411928B (zh) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | 内燃机的排气净化装置 |
PCT/JP2012/079401 WO2014076767A1 (ja) | 2012-11-13 | 2012-11-13 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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JP2014238072A (ja) * | 2013-06-10 | 2014-12-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化フィルタ |
EP3207987A4 (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-11-22 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
US10159935B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2018-12-25 | Cataler Corporation | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
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KR20150079848A (ko) | 2012-11-28 | 2015-07-08 | 도요타지도샤가부시키가이샤 | 배기 정화 필터 |
WO2014087472A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-03 | 2014-06-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化フィルタ |
EP2884066B1 (de) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-01-11 | Hirtenberger Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Gegenstandes sowie Vorrichtung hierzu |
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JP5737479B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
US20150292387A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
EP2921666A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
EP2921666A4 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
US9689296B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
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