WO2014061638A1 - 薄膜トランジスタ - Google Patents
薄膜トランジスタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014061638A1 WO2014061638A1 PCT/JP2013/077913 JP2013077913W WO2014061638A1 WO 2014061638 A1 WO2014061638 A1 WO 2014061638A1 JP 2013077913 W JP2013077913 W JP 2013077913W WO 2014061638 A1 WO2014061638 A1 WO 2014061638A1
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- oxide semiconductor
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 46
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910007604 Zn—Sn—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007541 Zn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001552 radio frequency sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
- H01L29/78693—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate the semiconducting oxide being amorphous
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thin film transistor (TFT) used in a display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display.
- TFT thin film transistor
- Amorphous (amorphous) oxide semiconductors have higher carrier mobility than general-purpose amorphous silicon (a-Si), a large optical band gap, and can be deposited at low temperatures, resulting in large size, high resolution, and high speed. It is expected to be applied to next-generation displays that require driving and resin substrates with low heat resistance.
- a semiconductor made of an amorphous oxide (In-Ga-Zn-O, hereinafter sometimes referred to as "IGZO") made of indium, gallium, zinc, and oxygen, indium, zinc
- IGZO a semiconductor made of an amorphous oxide made of tin and oxygen
- IZTO a semiconductor made of an amorphous oxide made of tin and oxygen
- Patent Document 1 examples include an element such as In, Zn, Sn, and Mo, and an amorphous oxide having an atomic composition ratio of Mo of 0.1 to 5 atomic% with respect to the total number of metal atoms in the amorphous oxide.
- An article (IZTO) is disclosed.
- a TFT using a thin film obtained by adding Mo to IZTO as an active layer is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 aims to provide a semiconductor layer with higher mobility by crystallizing an oxide semiconductor by high-temperature baking. Specifically, in Patent Document 3, the surface roughness of the semiconductor layer, which causes a problem of characteristic deterioration during high-temperature baking, is solved by controlling the baking temperature. More specifically, a temperature region in which a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor thin film containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of In, Ga, and Zn is polycrystallized while maintaining its surface roughness Ra at 1.5 nm or less. : Firing at 660 ° C. or higher and 840 ° C. or lower is shown.
- JP 2009-164393 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-243928 JP 2010-177431 A
- a protective film is generally formed so as to be in direct contact with the oxide semiconductor layer (in the present invention, the protective film and the protective film formed after the source / drain electrodes are formed).
- the protective film formed after the formation of the source / drain electrodes is referred to as a “surface protective film” (the same applies hereinafter).
- a reaction interface reaction
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described circumstances, and the object thereof is to appropriately control the shape of the protrusion formed at the interface between the oxide semiconductor layer and the protective film, and to achieve stable characteristics.
- the purpose is to realize a TFT that performs.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention that has solved the above problems is a thin film transistor having an oxide semiconductor layer made of an oxide containing at least In, Zn, and Sn as metal elements, and a protective film in direct contact with the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the oxide semiconductor layer is characterized in that the maximum height of the protrusion formed on the surface in direct contact with the protective film is less than 5 nm.
- the concentration (atomic%) of the metal element in the protrusion is preferably 0.5 to 2.0 times the concentration (atomic%) of the corresponding metal element in the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the metal element examples include In, Zn, and Sn.
- the In ratio in the In, Zn, and Sn is 5 atomic% to 70 atomic%
- the Zn ratio is 30 atomic% to 85 atomic%
- the Sn ratio is 50 atomic%. It is preferable to satisfy the following (not including 0 atomic%).
- examples of the metal element include In, Zn, Sn, and Ga.
- the In ratio in the In, Zn, Sn, and Ga is 5 atomic% to 70 atomic%
- the Zn ratio is 30 atomic% to 85 atomic%
- the Sn ratio is 50 It is preferable that the atomic ratio is 10 atomic% or less (excluding 0 atomic%) and the Ga ratio satisfies 10 atomic% or more and 40 atomic% or less.
- the protective film is a silicon oxide film formed immediately above the oxide semiconductor layer by a gas flow ratio (SiH 4 / N 2 O) of SiH 4 and N 2 O of 0.04 or less by a CVD method. It is preferable that
- the form of the protrusion formed at the interface between the oxide semiconductor layer and the protective film in the TFT is appropriately controlled, a thin film transistor having excellent TFT characteristics can be provided.
- the term “excellent in TFT characteristics” particularly means excellent stress resistance. Specifically, the threshold voltage change ( ⁇ V th ) before and after stress application is less than 15V. It means that.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a thin film transistor of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows No. 1 in Table 3 in the example.
- 3 is a TEM observation photograph of No. 3;
- 3 shows No. 1 in Table 3 in the example.
- 4 is a TEM observation photograph of No. 4;
- an oxide semiconductor layer made of an oxide containing at least three elements of In, Zn, and Sn, and a protective film in direct contact with the oxide semiconductor layer (the protective film includes a film that functions as an insulating film)
- the protective film includes a film that functions as an insulating film
- the present inventors thought that this protrusion might influence the flow of electrons from the source electrode to the drain electrode. Specifically, it was thought that the formation of the protrusions formed a level that becomes a carrier trap, and as a result, the stress resistance decreased. Therefore, the present inventors examined the influence of the shape of protrusions on stress tolerance.
- the maximum height of the protrusion will be described.
- the maximum height of the protrusions measured by the method described in Examples described later should be less than 5 nm. If the maximum height of the protrusion is large, a level that becomes a carrier trap is likely to be formed, and as a result, the stress resistance is likely to deteriorate.
- the maximum height of the protrusion is preferably 4 nm or less, more preferably 3 nm or less.
- the protrusion is formed on the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer, the composition thereof is easily different from the component composition of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the reason why the component composition differs between the protrusion and the oxide semiconductor layer is that the above reaction (interface reaction) occurs due to the balance between the oxidizing power and atomic diffusion of the elements contained in the oxide semiconductor layer and the protective film.
- the component composition of the protrusion is preferably as close as possible to the component composition of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the concentration (atomic%) of the metal element in the protrusion is 0.5 to 2.0 times the concentration (atomic%) of the corresponding metal element in the oxide semiconductor layer. It turned out to be preferable.
- this magnification is referred to as the ratio (concentration ratio X) of the concentration (atomic%) of the metal element in the protrusion to the concentration (atomic%) of the corresponding metal element in the oxide semiconductor layer, that is, the concentration ratio X.
- concentration ratio X [Concentration of metal element in protrusion (atomic%)] / [Concentration of metal element in oxide semiconductor layer (atomic%)]
- This concentration ratio X is preferably 0.5 or more (more preferably 0.6 or more, still more preferably 0.8 or more) for all metal elements contained in the protrusion and the oxide semiconductor layer. It is preferably 0 or less (more preferably 1.8 or less, still more preferably 1.5 or less).
- Concentration ratio X In [ In concentration in projection (atomic%)] / [In concentration in oxide semiconductor layer (atomic%)]
- Concentration ratio X Zn [ Zn concentration in protrusion (atomic%)] / [Zn concentration in oxide semiconductor layer (atomic%)]
- concentration ratio X Sn [Concentration of Sn in protrusion (atomic%) )] / [Sn concentration (atomic%) in the oxide semiconductor layer] is preferably 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less.
- concentration ratio represented by (Atom%)] is also preferably within the above range (0.5 or more and 2.0 or less).
- a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film), a silicon nitride film (SiN film), a silicon oxynitride film (SiON film), or a laminated film thereof is formed as a protective film (film thickness is approximately 20 to 200 nm)
- a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film) is formed as a protective film
- the maximum height of the protrusion is set to less than 5 nm (the protrusion is in a desired form) by the following method. Is recommended. That is, the SiO 2 film is generally formed by a CVD method.
- SiH 4 and N 2 O as reaction gases are flown into a film formation chamber, and components of the reaction gas are excited and reacted using plasma to directly above the oxide semiconductor layer (oxide semiconductor).
- a SiO 2 film may be formed on the surface of the layer opposite to the substrate side.
- the inventors of the present invention pay attention to the fact that when forming the SiO 2 film as the protective film by the above method, it is preferable to control the film forming conditions of the protective film in order to make the protrusions in a desired form. Further investigation was made. As a result, first, in order to suppress the maximum height of the protrusion, it is only necessary to reduce SiH 4 with respect to N 2 O, that is, the flow rate ratio represented by SiH 4 / N 2 O should be kept below a certain level. I found out. When the flow rate ratio is high, O decreases with respect to reactable Si, so that dangling bonds remain in SiO 2 and the reaction with the lower oxide (such as an oxide constituting the oxide semiconductor layer) occurs.
- the SiH 4 / N 2 O flow rate ratio should be 0.04 or less in order to keep the maximum height of the protrusions below 5 nm.
- the SiH 4 / N 2 O flow rate ratio is preferably 0.03 or less, more preferably 0.02 or less.
- the SiH 4 / N 2 O flow rate ratio is preferably small, but if the SiH 4 / N 2 O flow rate ratio is too small, it is difficult to form SiO 2 .
- the deposition rate of the SiO 2 film is slow. Therefore, from the viewpoint of productivity, the SiH 4 / N 2 O flow rate ratio is preferably 0.001 or more.
- SiN film silicon nitride film
- SiON film silicon oxynitride film
- the flow rate ratio between SiH 4 used during film formation and N 2 + NH 3 can be changed.
- the film forming temperature of the protective film is about 150 to 250 ° C.
- the component composition of the protrusion is also considered to be affected by the SiH 4 / N 2 O flow rate ratio, similarly to the shape of the protrusion.
- the SiH 4 / N 2 O flow rate ratio is set to 0.04 or less. Seems to be preferable.
- the gas pressure may be 50 to 300 Pa and the film forming power may be 100 to 300 W.
- the oxide semiconductor layer may be an oxide including at least three elements of In, Zn, and Sn as metal elements. Furthermore, Ga may be included as a metal element.
- the ratio between the metal elements (In, Zn, Sn, and optionally Ga) is not particularly limited as long as the oxide containing these metals has an amorphous phase and exhibits semiconductor characteristics.
- the ratio of Zn in all metals may be 30 atomic% or more and 85 atomic% or less.
- the above metals other than Zn are appropriately selected so that Zn is controlled within the above range, and the ratio (atomic ratio) of each metal element satisfies the following range.
- the preferred ratio of In in all metals is generally 5 atomic% to 70 atomic%, more preferably 30 atomic% or less. It is.
- the preferable ratio of Sn occupied in all the metals (In, Zn, and Sn, and further contained Ga if necessary) is 50 atomic% or less.
- the preferred ratio of Ga in all metals (In, Zn, Sn and Ga) is 10 to 40 atomic%.
- the film thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer is about 30 nm or more (preferably 35 nm or more) and about 200 nm or less (preferably 150 nm or less, more preferably 80 nm or less).
- the method for forming the oxide semiconductor layer is not particularly limited.
- the oxide semiconductor layer may be formed using a sputtering target by a sputtering method. According to the sputtering method, a thin film having excellent in-plane uniformity of components and film thickness can be easily formed.
- the TFT of the present invention includes the oxide semiconductor layer and a protective film in direct contact with the oxide semiconductor layer, and the protrusion formed at the interface between the oxide semiconductor layer and the protective film is the above-described protrusion. It is characterized in that it is controlled as follows. Therefore, other configurations in the TFT (a substrate, a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, a source / drain electrode, a surface protective film formed on the source / drain electrode, a transparent conductive film, etc.) are usually used regardless of the configuration. If it is.
- FIG. 1 shows a bottom gate type TFT, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can also be applied to a top-gate TFT including a gate insulating film and a gate electrode in this order on an oxide semiconductor layer.
- the oxide semiconductor layer and a protective film in direct contact with the oxide semiconductor layer [silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film), silicon nitride film (SiN film), silicon oxynitride film (SiON film] Or protrusions that can be formed at the interface with these laminated films] as in the present invention.
- a gate electrode 2 and a gate insulating film 3 are formed on a substrate 1, and an oxide semiconductor layer 4 is formed thereon.
- a protective film [also an insulating film] is formed over the oxide semiconductor layer 4.
- a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film, etc.) 5 is formed, a source / drain electrode 6 is formed thereon, a surface protective film 7 is further formed thereon, and a transparent conductive film 8 is formed on the outermost surface.
- the transparent conductive film 8 is electrically connected to the source / drain electrode 6.
- the method for forming the gate electrode 2 and the gate insulating film 3 on the substrate 1 is not particularly limited, and a commonly used method can be employed. Further, the types of the gate electrode 2 and the gate insulating film 3 are not particularly limited, and those commonly used can be used.
- the gate electrode 2 may be a metal thin film of Al or Cu, an alloy thin film thereof, or a Mo thin film used in examples described later.
- the gate insulating film 3 is typically exemplified by a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film), a silicon nitride film (SiN film), a silicon oxynitride film (SiON film), and the like.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 is formed.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 can be formed by sputtering as described above.
- a film is formed by a DC sputtering method or an RF sputtering method using a sputtering target having the same composition as that of the oxide semiconductor layer 4.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 may be formed by a combinatorial sputtering method.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 is patterned by photolithography and wet etching. Immediately after patterning, in order to improve the film quality of the oxide semiconductor layer 4, for example, heating temperature: 250 to 350 ° C. (preferably 300 to 350 ° C.), heating time: 15 to 120 minutes (preferably 60 to 120 minutes) ) May be subjected to heat treatment (pre-annealing). This increases the on-state current and field effect mobility of the transistor characteristics, and improves the transistor performance.
- a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film) may be formed as the protective film 5 by the method described above.
- patterning is performed by performing photolithography and dry etching.
- source / drain electrodes 6 are formed.
- the type of the source / drain electrode 6 is not particularly limited, and a commonly used one can be used.
- a metal or alloy such as Al or Cu may be used, or a Mo thin film may be used as in the examples described later.
- a metal thin film is formed by a magnetron sputtering method and then formed by a lift-off method.
- a surface protective film (insulating film) 7 is formed on the source / drain electrodes 6.
- the surface protective film 7 may be formed by a CVD method.
- the surface protective film 7 include a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film), a silicon nitride film (SiN film), a silicon oxynitride film (SiON film), or a laminated film thereof.
- a contact hole is formed in the surface protective film 7 by photolithography and dry etching, and then a transparent conductive film 8 is formed.
- the kind of this transparent conductive film 8 is not specifically limited, What is used normally can be used.
- a Mo thin film (film thickness 100 nm) is formed as a gate electrode thin film on a glass substrate (Corning Eagle XG, diameter 100 mm ⁇ thickness 0.7 mm), and patterned by a known method to form a gate electrode. Obtained.
- the Mo thin film was formed by a DC sputtering method using a pure Mo sputtering target under conditions of film formation temperature: room temperature, film formation power: 300 W, carrier gas: Ar, gas pressure: 2 mTorr.
- a SiO 2 film (200 nm) was formed as a gate insulating film.
- the gate insulating film was formed using a plasma CVD method under conditions of a carrier gas: a mixed gas of SiH 4 and N 2 O, a film forming power: 100 W, and a film forming temperature: 300 ° C.
- the oxide semiconductor layer After forming the oxide semiconductor layer as described above, patterning was performed by photolithography and wet etching.
- As the wet etchant liquid “ITO-07N” (mixed liquid of oxalic acid and water) manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. was used, and the liquid temperature was set to 40 ° C.
- pre-annealing treatment was performed in order to improve the film quality of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the pre-annealing treatment was performed at 350 ° C. for 1 hour in water vapor at atmospheric pressure.
- a SiO 2 film (film thickness: 100 nm) was formed as a protective film.
- This SiO 2 film was formed by using a plasma CVD method using “PD-220NL” manufactured by Samco.
- a film was formed under the conditions shown below and in Table 3 using a mixed gas of N 2 O and SiH 4 .
- the protective film was patterned by photolithography and dry etching in order to make contact between the oxide semiconductor layer and the source / drain electrodes.
- source / drain electrodes were formed by a lift-off method. Specifically, after patterning using a photoresist, a Mo thin film was formed by DC sputtering (film thickness was 100 nm). The method for forming the Mo thin film for the source / drain electrodes is the same as that for the gate electrode described above. Next, an unnecessary photoresist was removed by applying an ultrasonic cleaner in an acetone solution, so that the TFT channel length was 10 ⁇ m and the channel width was 200 ⁇ m.
- a surface protective film was formed.
- a laminated film (total film thickness 250 nm) of SiO 2 film (film thickness 100 nm) and SiN film (film thickness 150 nm) was formed.
- the SiO 2 film and the SiN film were formed using “PD-220NL” manufactured by Samco and using the plasma CVD method. In this embodiment, the SiO 2 film and the SiN film are formed in this order.
- a mixed gas of N 2 O and SiH 4 was used to form the SiO 2 film, and a mixed gas of SiH 4 , N 2 , and NH 3 was used to form the SiN film.
- the film formation power was 100 W and the film formation temperature was 150 ° C.
- contact holes for probing for transistor characteristic evaluation were formed in the surface protective film by photolithography and dry etching.
- TFT protrusions and transistor
- an observation sample with the processing region having a length in the interface direction of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m is first roughly observed with a TEM at a low magnification (150,000 times), and a portion where the interface appears rough is further magnified. Observed at (1,500,000 times), the presence or absence of protrusions and the size of the protrusions were confirmed. Specifically, in the observed image (TEM image), the portion where the convex portion is formed is determined as a “projection” without reflecting the undulation of the base (gate insulating film or the like) in contact with the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the difference between the maximum point of the convex part and the lowest point of the interface (line) between the oxide semiconductor layer and the protective film in the field of view is defined as the “maximum height of the protrusion” (the oxide on which the convex part is formed) If the semiconductor layer had undulations, the lowest point was obtained after subtracting the undulations).
- the maximum height of the protrusion was determined by the above method and evaluated according to the following criteria. In this example, it was evaluated that the interface state between the oxide semiconductor layer and the protective film was good when ⁇ and ⁇ . (Criteria) ⁇ : Maximum height of protrusion is less than 2 nm ⁇ : Maximum height of protrusion is 2 nm or more and less than 5 nm ⁇ : Maximum height of protrusion is 5 nm or more
- In concentration (atomic%) [In / (In + Sn + Zn)] ⁇ 100 (1)
- Sn concentration (atomic%) [Sn / (In + Sn + Zn)] ⁇ 100 (2)
- Zn concentration (atomic%) [Zn / (In + Sn + Zn)] ⁇ 100 (3)
- the concentration ratio X In [ (In concentration in the protrusion) / (In concentration in the oxide semiconductor layer)]
- concentration ratio X Zn (Zn concentration in the protrusion) / (oxide semiconductor layer). Zn concentration)]
- a concentration ratio X Sn (Sn concentration in protrusion) / (Sn concentration in oxide semiconductor layer)]
- concentration ratio X In all of concentration ratio X In , concentration ratio X Zn , and concentration ratio X Sn are 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less NG..., Concentration ratio X In , concentration ratio X Zn , concentration ratio X Sn At least one is less than 0.5 or more than 2.0
- FIG. 3 is a TEM observation photograph showing the analysis position of the concentration of the metal element 3, wherein ⁇ indicates the protrusion and ⁇ indicates the analysis position of the central portion of the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- Table 1 shows the results of measurement of the component composition at each analysis position.
- FIG. 4 is a TEM observation photograph showing the analysis position of the concentration of the metal element of 4 in which ⁇ indicates a protrusion and ⁇ indicates the analysis position of the central portion of the film thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- ⁇ indicates a protrusion
- ⁇ indicates the analysis position of the central portion of the film thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- transistor characteristics drain current-gate voltage characteristics, I d -V g characteristics
- threshold voltage threshold voltage
- field effect mobility field effect mobility
- TFT characteristics For measurement of transistor characteristics (TFT characteristics), a semiconductor parameter analyzer “4156C” manufactured by Agilent Technology was used. The measurement was performed by applying a probe to the contact hole of the sample. Detailed measurement conditions are as follows. Source voltage: 0V Drain voltage: 10V Gate voltage: -30 to 30V (measurement interval: 0.25V) Substrate temperature: room temperature
- Threshold voltage (V th )
- the threshold voltage is roughly a value of a gate voltage when the transistor shifts from an off state (a state where the drain current is low) to an on state (a state where the drain current is high).
- a voltage when the drain current is in the vicinity of 1 nA between the on-current and the off-current is defined as a threshold voltage, and the threshold voltage of each TFT is measured.
- a sample having V th (absolute value) of 5 V or less was accepted.
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Abstract
Description
濃度比率XIn=[突起中のInの濃度(原子%)]/[酸化物半導体層中のInの濃度(原子%)]、
濃度比率XZn=[突起中のZnの濃度(原子%)]/[酸化物半導体層中のZnの濃度(原子%)]、および
濃度比率XSn=[突起中のSnの濃度(原子%)]/[酸化物半導体層中のSnの濃度(原子%)]の全てが、0.5以上2.0以下であることが好ましい。
(IZTO薄膜の成膜条件)
スパッタリング装置:(株)アルバック製「CS-200」
基板温度:室温
ガス圧:1mTorr
酸素分圧:[O2/(Ar+O2)]×100=4%
(保護膜の成膜条件)
成膜温度:150℃、200℃
ガス圧:133Pa
成膜パワー:100W
SiH4/N2O流量比:0.003、0.04、0.06
(1)突起の評価
(1-1)突起の最大高さ
TFT素子の酸化物半導体層とこの酸化物半導体層に直接接触する保護膜との界面を含む、膜厚方向の断面を観察できるように、TFT素子に加工を施した。該加工は、FIB(Focused Ion Beam,集束イオンビーム)、詳細にはGaイオンビームを用いて行った。
(判定基準)
○・・・突起の最大高さが2nm未満
△・・・突起の最大高さが2nm以上5nm未満
×・・・突起の最大高さが5nm以上
前記断面における酸化物半導体層の膜厚中心部および突起の、In、Sn、Znの各含有量を、EDX(エネルギー分散型X線分光法)により測定した。そして、各金属元素の濃度(全金属元素に占める割合)を、下記式(1)~(3)を用いて算出した。
Inの濃度(原子%)=[In/(In+Sn+Zn)]×100・・・(1)
Snの濃度(原子%)=[Sn/(In+Sn+Zn)]×100・・・(2)
Znの濃度(原子%)=[Zn/(In+Sn+Zn)]×100・・・(3)
[上記式(1)~(3)の右辺において、In、Sn、Znは、酸化物半導体層の膜厚中心部または突起の、In、Sn、Znの各含有量(原子%)を示す]
(判定基準)
OK・・・濃度比率XIn、濃度比率XZn、および濃度比率XSnのいずれもが0.5以上2.0以下
NG・・・濃度比率XIn、濃度比率XZn、濃度比率XSnの少なくともいずれかが0.5未満または2.0超
次に、以下のようにして、トランジスタ特性(ドレイン電流-ゲート電圧特性、Id-Vg特性)、しきい値電圧、電界効果移動度、ストレス耐性を調べた。
トランジスタ特性(TFT特性)の測定は、Agilent Technology社製「4156C」の半導体パラメータアナライザーを使用した。また測定は、試料のコンタクトホールへプローブをあてるようにして行った。詳細な測定条件は以下のとおりである。
ソース電圧:0V
ドレイン電圧:10V
ゲート電圧:-30~30V(測定間隔:0.25V)
基板温度:室温
しきい値電圧とは、おおまかにいえば、トランジスタがオフ状態(ドレイン電流の低い状態)からオン状態(ドレイン電流の高い状態)に移行する際のゲート電圧の値である。本実施例では、ドレイン電流が、オン電流とオフ電流の間の1nA付近であるときの電圧をしきい値電圧と定義し、各TFTのしきい値電圧を測定した。本実施例では、Vth(絶対値)が5V以下のものを合格とした。これらの結果を表3に示す。
電界効果移動度μFEは、TFT特性からVd>Vg-Vthである飽和領域にて導出した。飽和領域ではVg、Vthをそれぞれゲート電圧、しきい値電圧、Idをドレイン電流、L、WをそれぞれTFT素子のチャネル長、チャネル幅、Ciをゲート絶縁膜の静電容量、μFEを電界効果移動度とし、μFEを下記式(4)から導出した。本実施例では、飽和領域を満たすゲート電圧付近におけるドレイン電流-ゲート電圧特性(Id-Vg特性)から電界効果移動度μFE(表3では「移動度」と示す)を導出した。そして該移動度が10cm2/Vs以上の場合を合格とした。
その結果を表3に示す。
本実施例では、実際のパネル駆動時の環境(ストレス)を模擬して、ゲート電極に負バイアスを印加しながら光を照射するストレス印加試験を行った。ストレス印加条件は以下のとおりである。光の波長としては、酸化物半導体のバンドギャップに近く、トランジスタ特性が変動し易い400nm程度を選択した。
(試験条件)
ゲート電圧:-20V
基板温度:60℃
光ストレス条件
波長:400nm
照度(TFTに照射される光の強度):0.1μW/cm2
光源:OPTOSUPPLY社製LED(NDフィルターによって光量を調整)
ストレス印加時間:2時間
(判定基準)
OK・・・ΔVth(絶対値)が15V未満
NG・・・ΔVth(絶対値)が15V以上
2 ゲート電極
3 ゲート絶縁膜
4 酸化物半導体層
5 保護膜(SiO2膜)
6 ソース・ドレイン電極
7 表面保護膜(絶縁膜)
8 透明導電膜
Claims (7)
- 金属元素としてIn、ZnおよびSnを少なくとも含む酸化物からなる酸化物半導体層と、該酸化物半導体層と直接接触する保護膜とを有する薄膜トランジスタであって、
前記酸化物半導体層の、前記保護膜と直接接触する面に形成される、突起の最大高さが5nm未満であることを特徴とする薄膜トランジスタ。 - 前記突起中の金属元素の濃度(原子%)が、前記酸化物半導体層中の対応する金属元素の濃度(原子%)の0.5~2.0倍である請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記金属元素は、In、ZnおよびSnである請求項1または2に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記In、ZnおよびSnに占める、
前記Inの比率が5原子%以上70原子%以下、かつ
前記Znの比率が30原子%以上85原子%以下、かつ
前記Snの比率が50原子%以下(0原子%を含まない)を満たす請求項3に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。 - 前記金属元素は、In、Zn、SnおよびGaである請求項1または2に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記In、Zn、SnおよびGaに占める、
前記Inの比率が5原子%以上70原子%以下、かつ
前記Znの比率が30原子%以上85原子%以下、かつ
前記Snの比率が50原子%以下(0原子%を含まない)、かつ
前記Gaの比率が10原子%以上40原子%以下を満たす請求項5に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。 - 前記保護膜は、CVD法により、SiH4とN2Oのガス流量比(SiH4/N2O)を0.04以下にして、前記酸化物半導体層の直上に成膜されるシリコン酸化膜である請求項1または2に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
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