WO2014061502A1 - 導電性組成物及び前記組成物を用いて得られる固体電解コンデンサ - Google Patents
導電性組成物及び前記組成物を用いて得られる固体電解コンデンサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014061502A1 WO2014061502A1 PCT/JP2013/077321 JP2013077321W WO2014061502A1 WO 2014061502 A1 WO2014061502 A1 WO 2014061502A1 JP 2013077321 W JP2013077321 W JP 2013077321W WO 2014061502 A1 WO2014061502 A1 WO 2014061502A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
- C08G73/0266—Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
- C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/02—Polyamines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/025—Solid electrolytes
- H01G9/028—Organic semiconducting electrolytes, e.g. TCNQ
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/15—Solid electrolytic capacitors
- H01G9/151—Solid electrolytic capacitors with wound foil electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive composition and a solid electrolytic capacitor obtained using the composition.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-229020 filed in Japan on October 16, 2012 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-12812 filed in Japan on January 28, 2013. The contents are incorporated herein.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor in which a solid electrolyte layer is formed of a conductive polymer on a dielectric oxide film formed on the surface of an anode body has been developed.
- a conductive polymer is applied to a solid electrolyte on a dielectric oxide film formed on the surface of an anode body (film forming metal) made of a porous metal body having a valve action such as aluminum, niobium, tantalum, titanium or magnesium.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor in which a solid electrolyte layer and a cathode body are sequentially formed has been developed.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor using a conductive polymer as a solid electrolyte layer has a solid electrolyte conductivity 10 to 100 times higher than that of a conventional solid electrolytic capacitor using manganese dioxide as a solid electrolyte layer. (Series resistance) can be greatly reduced. For this reason, the application to various uses, such as the absorption of the high frequency noise of a small electronic device, is anticipated.
- Methods for forming a solid electrolyte layer on the dielectric oxide film are roughly classified into a chemical oxidative polymerization method and an electrolytic polymerization method. Further, pyrrole, thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, aniline, or the like is known as a monomer (monomer) constituting the conductive polymer material.
- a polymer suspension coating method is known as a method for forming a solid electrolyte layer on a dielectric oxide film without performing chemical oxidative polymerization or electrolytic polymerization.
- a method for forming a solid electrolyte layer of a conductive polymer on a dielectric oxide film a method of applying a dispersion containing the conductive polymer on the dielectric oxide film and drying it is known. Since the dielectric oxide film is formed on the surface of a porous metal anode body, it has fine irregularities.
- the dispersion liquid containing the conductive polymer is applied onto the dielectric oxide film, it is difficult for the dispersion liquid containing the conductive polymer to be impregnated into the dielectric oxide film.
- the solid electrolyte layer is difficult to be formed inside the fine irregularities (pores) of the dielectric oxide film, and the solid electrolyte layer is formed only on the surface layer. Therefore, the capacity expression rate of the obtained solid electrolytic capacitor is low. There was a problem of becoming.
- solid electrolytic capacitors are required not only to have a large capacity as described above, but also to be reliable in various environments, and in particular, stability against humidity (humidity resistance) is emphasized. In particular, 65 ° C., 95% R.D. H. In a severe moisture resistance test under an atmosphere, suppression of an increase in ESR (equivalent series resistance) is required.
- Patent Document 1 a method for obtaining a conductive composition with low moisture absorption by including a specific compound in a conductive composition containing a conductive polymer.
- Patent Document 2 a method has been proposed in which a basic compound is included in the conductive composition to obtain a conductive composition having little deterioration due to heating (heat resistance) (Patent Document 2).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solid electrolytic capacitor that is sufficiently impregnated with a conductive polymer into the fine irregularities of a dielectric oxide film and that has high moisture resistance and high reliability.
- An object is to provide a conductive composition for a capacitor that can be easily produced, and a solid electrolytic capacitor obtained by using the composition.
- the present inventors have determined that the average particle diameter of the conductive polymer contained in the conductive composition has improved the impregnation property inside the fine pores of the dielectric oxide film, and the conductive It has been found that the moisture resistance is improved by including a specific compound in the composition, and the present invention has been completed.
- the conductive polymer (A) satisfying the following condition (i), and having 3 or more hydroxy groups, and the pH of a 1 mol / L aqueous solution is 9.0. It is related with the electroconductive composition containing the water-soluble compound (B) which is the following.
- the conductive composition of (1) may have a volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer (A) in the condition (i) of less than 10 nm.
- the acidic group of the conductive polymer (A) is a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group.
- a conductive composition may be used.
- the conductive polymer (A) has a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- the conductive composition may be used.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent —H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an acidic group, A group or a salt thereof, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, -F, -Cl, -Br or -I, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 is an acidic group or a salt thereof. Is a sulfonic acid or a carboxy group.
- the water-soluble compound (B) is a water-soluble low molecular compound or a water-soluble high molecular compound, and the water-soluble low molecular compound is glycerin, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol.
- the conductive composition according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the water-soluble polymer compound is at least one compound selected from polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, and bullulan. It may be a thing.
- a solid electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolyte containing the conductive composition according to any one of (1) to (7) may be used.
- the volume average particle diameter of the particle diameter included in the minimum particle distribution is less than 26 nm.
- the tenth aspect of the present invention may be the conductive composition according to (9), wherein the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer (A) under the condition (i) is less than 10 nm.
- the conductive unit of (9) or (10), wherein 20 to 100 mol% of the repeating units constituting the conductive polymer (A) have an acidic group. It may be a composition.
- the conductive composition according to any one of (9) to (11), wherein the acidic group is a sulfonic acid group or a carboxylic acid group.
- the conductive polymer (A) has the repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1), and the conductive property of any one of (9) to (12) It may be a composition.
- the water-soluble polymer (C) having an acetal group is a conductive composition according to any one of the above (9) to (13), which is a polyvinyl alcohol derivative. Also good.
- a sixteenth aspect of the present invention may be a solid electrolytic capacitor having a solid electrolyte containing the conductive composition according to any one of (9) to (14).
- an anode body comprising a metal as a constituent material, a dielectric film provided on the surface of the anode body, and a solid electrolyte layer provided on the dielectric film
- the solid electrolyte layer includes a first conductive polymer layer formed from the conductive composition according to any one of (1) to (7) and (9) to (15), and the first It may be a solid electrolytic capacitor having a second conductive polymer layer formed on one conductive polymer layer.
- the aspect according to another aspect of the present invention has the following aspects.
- the conductive polymer (A) satisfying the following condition (i) and three or more hydroxy groups (hydroxyl groups) have a pH of 9.0 or less in a 1 mol / L aqueous solution.
- the present invention relates to a conductive composition containing the compound (B).
- the present invention relates to a conductive composition containing a conductive polymer (A) having a volume average particle diameter of less than 10 nm under the condition (i).
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a conductive composition
- a conductive composition comprising a conductive polymer (A) that satisfies the following condition (i) and a water-soluble polymer (C) having an acetal group.
- the volume average particle size of the minimum particle distribution including the peak is less than 26 nm.
- the present invention relates to a conductive composition containing a conductive polymer (A) having a volume average particle diameter of 10 nm or less as described in the condition (i).
- the present invention relates to a conductive composition in which the acidic group is a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxylic acid group.
- An aspect of the present invention includes an anode body including a conductive material as a constituent material, a dielectric coating provided on a surface of the anode body, and a solid electrolyte layer provided on the dielectric coating,
- the present invention relates to a solid electrolytic capacitor having a first conductive polymer layer formed from the conductive composition on a dielectric film and a second conductive polymer layer formed on the first conductive layer.
- the present invention relates to the conductive composition further comprising a water-soluble polymer (C) having a hydroxy group.
- the capacitor condenser which a conductive polymer fully impregnates the inside of the fine unevenness
- conductive polymer refers to a polymer component in a conductive polymer or a conductive polymer obtained by doping (adding a dopant) to a polymer component.
- conductive polymer solution refers to a solution in which a polymer component in a conductive polymer doped with a conductive polymer or a polymer component is dissolved or dispersed.
- impregnation means that the conductive polymer is immersed (penetrated) inside the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film.
- “Impregnability” indicates how much the conductive polymer is immersed (penetrated) in the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film.
- the impregnation property can be relatively evaluated by, for example, observing the cross section of the capacitor with a scanning electron microscope or the like.
- the “(volume) average particle diameter” is a value calculated by a dynamic light scattering method described later, and is also referred to as “hydrodynamic diameter”.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 of this embodiment has a solid electrolyte layer 13 on a dielectric oxide film 12 as shown in FIG.
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 is formed by applying a conductive composition solution for a capacitor containing the conductive polymer (A) and the compound (B) satisfying the condition (i) on the dielectric oxide film 12 and drying it. Do it.
- the conductive composition solution for a capacitor may contain a water-soluble polymer (C) and a solvent (D).
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 thus formed is impregnated with a conductive polymer even inside the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12, and the capacity development rate of the obtained solid electrolytic capacitor 10 is improved.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer (A) used in the conductive composition according to the embodiment of the present invention is less than 26 nm.
- the volume average particle diameter of the polymer (A) is less than 26 nm, the conductive polymer is sufficiently impregnated into the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12 in the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 shown in FIG. Therefore, the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 with a high capacity expression rate is obtained.
- capacitors having various structures and height differences depending on capacitor manufacturers as the fine irregularities as depicted on the dielectric oxide film 12 in FIG. 1, and the dielectric constant and impregnation property of the capacitor are good. It is desirable to select an appropriate shape by appropriate experiments.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer may be 20 nm or less. When the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer is within this range, the conductive polymer can be sufficiently impregnated into the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer may be 10 nm or less. When the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer is within this range, impregnation can be obtained with respect to the finer irregularities.
- the small particle size of the conductive polymer has the advantage of improving the immersion in fine pores, improving the coverage of fine irregularities, and improving the capacitance of the capacitor.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer is particularly preferably 5 nm or less.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer may be 0.001 nm or more.
- the conductive polymer can be impregnated into the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12, and further on the dielectric oxide film 12 by the conductive polymer.
- the film formability and the conductivity of the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 are improved.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer may be better than 0.01 nm, particularly preferably 0.1 nm.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer needs to be 0.001 to 26 nm, may be 0.001 to 20 nm, may be 0.01 to 10 nm, and may be 0.1 to 5 nm. Especially good.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer (A) is a value measured as follows. First, a conductive polymer solution having a concentration of 1% by mass of the conductive polymer with respect to water is prepared, and the particle distribution is measured by a dynamic light scattering method using a dynamic light scattering particle size measuring device. taking measurement. The viscosity of the polymer solution that affects the measured value of the dynamic light scattering method is corrected using the viscosity of pure water as a baseline. Among the one or more peaks obtained by this measurement, a minimum particle distribution including a peak having a minimum particle diameter is selected. The volume average particle diameter is obtained for each particle included in this minimum particle distribution, and this is defined as the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer.
- the “minimum particle distribution” means a particle distribution group of one or more particle distribution groups obtained by measuring the particle distribution by a dynamic light scattering method and correcting the viscosity with the viscosity of pure water. Of these, the distribution with the smallest particle size. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the minimum particle distribution is the minimum particle size among one or more peaks P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ,... Obtained by measuring the particle distribution. it is a particle distribution including a peak P 1 made. When there is one peak obtained by measuring the particle distribution by the dynamic light scattering method, this particle distribution is the minimum particle distribution.
- the waveforms may be separated by a general analysis method using a Gauss function, a Lorentz function, or the like incorporated in general-purpose software.
- a certain region as indicated by symbol S is separated as a minimum particle distribution.
- the conductive polymer may be soluble in water or an organic solvent.
- “soluble” of the conductive polymer means that 0.1 g or more of the conductive polymer is uniformly dissolved in 10 g of water or an organic solvent (liquid temperature: 25 ° C.). . If the conductive polymer is soluble in water or an organic solvent, the conductive polymer can be dissolved in water or an organic solvent to form a conductive polymer solution when the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 is manufactured. Thereafter, the solid electrolyte layer in which the conductive polymer is sufficiently impregnated into the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12 by a simple method of applying and drying the conductive polymer solution on the dielectric oxide film 12. 13 can be formed.
- the conductive polymer soluble in water or an organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is soluble in water or an organic solvent.
- examples thereof include a sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H) (also referred to as a sulfo group) or Those having a carboxylic acid group (—COOH) (also referred to as a carboxy group) or those having both groups may be used. When these are used, the solubility is improved.
- the sulfonic acid group and the carboxy group may be contained in an acid state (—SO 3 H, —COOH), respectively, and an ionic state (—SO 3 ⁇ , —COO ⁇ ). May be included.
- Such a conductive polymer may be a compound having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represent —H, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an acidic group Or a salt thereof, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, —F, —Cl, —Br or —I, and at least one of R 1 to R 4 is an acidic group or a salt thereof.
- the “acidic group” is a sulfonic acid group or a carboxy group.
- any one of R 1 to R 4 is a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and any one of them is —SO 3 — or —SO 3 H. The remainder may be H.
- the “acid group salt” refers to at least one of an alkali metal salt, an ammonium salt, and a substituted ammonium salt of an acid group.
- the conductive polymer contains 20 to 100 mol% of the repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) among all repeating units constituting the conductive polymer (when the total number of repeating units is 100 mol%). It may be what you do.
- a conductive polymer is excellent in the solubility to water and an organic solvent by containing the said repeating unit in this range.
- the conductive polymer may contain 50 to 100 mol% of the above repeating unit, and the solubility is excellent in this range.
- the conductive polymer particularly preferably contains substantially 100 mol% of the repeating unit, and is particularly excellent in solubility in water and an organic solvent regardless of pH.
- the conductive polymer may contain 10 or more repeating units represented by the general formula (1) in one molecule. By containing the repeating unit, there is an advantage that the conductive polymer is excellent in conductivity.
- the compound having the repeating unit represented by the general formula (1) may be poly (2-sulfo-5-methoxy-1,4-iminophenylene). This compound has an advantage of excellent solubility.
- the conductive polymer may have a mass average molecular weight of 3000 to 1000000. When the weight average molecular weight of the conductive polymer is 3000 or more, the conductivity, film formability and film strength are excellent. When the weight average molecular weight of the conductive polymer is 1000000 or less, the solubility in water and an organic solvent is excellent.
- the conductive polymer may have a mass average molecular weight of 3,000 to 300,000, and in this range, the solubility in water and an organic solvent is further excellent. Therefore, the conductive polymer has a mass average molecular weight of 3,000 to 100,000. In this range, the solubility in water and organic solvents is particularly excellent.
- the mass average molecular weight of the conductive polymer is, for example, a value obtained by measuring the molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography (GPC, gel permeation or gel filtration chromatography) and converting to polystyrene sodium sulfonate.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the conductive polymer of this embodiment is obtained by various synthetic methods such as chemical polymerization or electrolytic polymerization.
- the conductive polymer of the present embodiment can also be produced by a synthesis method described in, for example, JP-A-7-196791 and JP-A-7-324132.
- the content of the conductive polymer in 100% by mass of the conductive polymer solution may be 9% by mass or less. If the content of the conductive polymer in 100% by mass of the conductive polymer solution is 9% by mass or less, the film-forming metal 11 on which the dielectric oxide film 12 is formed, or a wound solid electrolytic capacitor element 20 described later. Therefore, the conductive polymer can be sufficiently impregnated into the fine irregularities without being deposited on the surface of the dielectric oxide film 12.
- the lower limit of the content of the conductive polymer in the conductive polymer solution is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1% by mass or more. When the content is 0.1% by mass or more, the solid electrolyte layer 13 having a desired thickness can be easily formed.
- the content of the conductive polymer in 100% by mass of the conductive polymer solution may be 5% by mass or less, and in this range, the fine irregularities can be sufficiently impregnated. As described above, the content of the conductive polymer in 100% by mass of the conductive polymer solution may be 0.1 to 9% by mass, or may be 0.1 to 5% by mass.
- the conductive composition used for forming the solid electrolyte layer 13 includes a conductive polymer (other conductive polymer) other than the conductive polymer (A), a surfactant, and the like.
- Other materials such as additives may be contained.
- the other conductive polymer include poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polypyrrole, and polyaniline.
- a dopant for example, polystyrene sulfonic acid
- a dopant for example, polystyrene sulfonic acid
- Examples of the surfactant contained in the conductive composition include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a fluorine surfactant.
- surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the surfactant per the total mass of the conductive composition may be 0.1 to 20% by mass. If content of surfactant is 0.1 mass% or more, the surface tension of an electroconductive composition can be reduced. When the surface tension of the conductive composition is reduced by addition of 0.1% by mass or more, the conductive composition easily enters the uneven structure of the dielectric oxide film of the capacitor. As a result, the conductivity increases because a conductive path into which a large amount of the conductive composition enters and the dense electricity flows is formed inside the uneven structure.
- the surface active agent has a mass of 0.1% by mass or less and the surface tension remains high, the conductive composition cannot enter much inside the uneven structure, and a rough conductive path is formed. The resistance portion increases and the conductivity is not improved.
- the amount of the surfactant added is too large, for example, when it exceeds 20% by mass, the content of the surfactant in the conductive composition increases, and the interface between the conductive paths formed by the conductive polymers is increased. There is a possibility that the activator enters as an impurity and deteriorates conductivity (conductivity cannot be maintained well).
- the impregnation property into the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12 is improved, and the conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer 13 is increased.
- the content of the surfactant is 20% by mass or less, the conductivity can be maintained well.
- a surfactant content of 0.1 to 5% by mass is better because there is an advantage that both higher conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer 13 and better maintenance of the conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer 13 can be achieved.
- Compound (B) As the compound (B) of this embodiment, a compound having 3 or more hydroxy groups and having a pH of 9.0 or less in a 1 mol / L aqueous solution is used. This compound (B) is contained mainly for the effect of improving moisture resistance.
- pH is defined as a value at 25 ° C. unless otherwise specified. That is, even if the pH value is outside the range defined in the present specification, it is included in the scope of the present invention as long as the pH value is within the range defined in the basic specification as corrected to the pH value at 25 ° C. .
- Examples of the compound (B) include compounds having three hydroxy groups; glycerin, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 2- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propanediol, trimethylolethane, 2-deoxy -Compounds having four hydroxy groups, such as D-ribose, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, triethanolamine; hydroxy groups such as erythritol, threitol, pentaerythritol, arabinose, fucose, lyxose, rhamnose, ribose, xylose Compounds having 5; compounds having 6 hydroxy groups, such as xylitol, ribitol, arabinitol, allose, fructose, galactose, glucose, growth, mannose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose, talose, etc .; mannitol, Lactitol, allitol,
- the compound (B) may be a compound having 3 or more hydroxy groups and having a pH of 9.0 or less at 25 ° C. in a 1 mol / L aqueous solution.
- the compound (B) may be a compound that has a pH of 8.0 or less under the above-described conditions, or may be a compound that has a pH of 7.0 or less.
- the pH of the compound (B) is within this range, the compound (B) is selected from these conditions, whereby the moisture resistance of the conductive composition is further improved.
- pH 1 or more is preferable.
- compound (B-1) a compound having three hydroxy groups; glycerin, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 2- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propane
- compound (B-1) a compound having three hydroxy groups; glycerin, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 2- (hydroxymethyl) -1,3-propane
- Compounds with 4 hydroxy groups such as diol, trimethylolethane, 2-deoxy-D-ribose; 5 hydroxy groups such as erythritol, threitol, pentaerythritol, arabinose, fucose, lyxose, rhamnose, ribose, xylose
- Compound having 6 hydroxy groups such as xylitol, ribitol, arabinitol, allose, fructose, galactose, glucose, growth, mannose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose, t
- glycerin, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol or mannitol which are water-soluble low-molecular compounds (which are not high molecular compounds, particularly those having a molecular weight of 500 or less) exhibit high water-solubility and are water-soluble conductive polymers.
- polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, or pullulan that is a water-soluble polymer compound has an advantage that it can be easily mixed with the water-soluble conductive polymer.
- Compound (B-1) having a pH of 9.0 or lower is used. If the pH of the compound (B-1) is 9.0 or less, the compound (B-1) does not form an ionic bond with the side chain of the conductive polymer and can take a more stable structure against moisture.
- the compound (B-1) one of the above compounds may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the content of the compound (B) in 100% by mass of the conductive composition may be 0.1 to 20% by mass. If content of the said compound (B) is 0.1 mass% or more, moisture resistance can be improved.
- the electroconductivity of an electrically conductive composition can be maintained favorable.
- the content may be 0.1 to 5% by mass. When the content is within this range, the conductivity of the conductive composition becomes better.
- this compound (B) to improve the moisture resistance of the solid electrolytic capacitor is that it has 3 or more hydroxy groups (hydroxyl groups), so that the side chain of the conductive polymer (A) and the compound (B) In order to form a stable network because the hydroxy group forms a stable network and / or the compound (B) is bonded to each other by hydrogen bonding or the like, the influence of humidity on the conductive polymer (A) is suppressed. It is thought to do. In addition, when the pH is 9.0 or more, the side chain of the conductive polymer (A) and the compound (B) form a bond that dissolves in water, so the influence of humidity on the conductive polymer (A) is suppressed. It is thought that it is impossible.
- hydroxy groups hydroxyl groups
- the conductive composition of this embodiment contains a water-soluble polymer (C) (water-soluble polymer) having a hydroxyl group in addition to the conductive polymer (A) and the compound (B).
- This water-soluble polymer (C) is contained in order to improve moisture resistance and homogeneity of the conductive composition layer since the side chain of the conductive polymer and the hydroxyl group form a stable network.
- a film made of a conductive polymer alone has a water-soluble structure, it is not resistant to water, and the film may change due to humidity.
- the conductive polymer and the conductive polymer are connected to each other (to form a stable network or hydrogen bond), thereby forming a dense film. It is thought that resistance to water is improved and moisture resistance is expressed.
- the degree of acetalization of this water-soluble polymer (C) may be 5 to 50 mol%. When the degree of acetalization is within this range, there is an advantage that water solubility is high, strong interaction with a conductive polymer is exhibited, and water resistance and moisture resistance are improved.
- water-soluble polymer (C) For example, a cellulose, a cellulose derivative, a starch, a starch derivative, dextrin, dextran, a polysaccharide, a pullulan, or polyvinyl alcohol etc. are mentioned.
- the water-soluble polymer (C) cellulose derivatives, pullulan or polyvinyl alcohol may be used. By using these for the water-soluble polymer (C), the homogeneity of the water-soluble polymer (C) is improved.
- the water-soluble polymer (C) may have a mass average molecular weight of 5,000 to 10,000,000. By making the said mass mean molecular weight into this range, the homogeneity of water-soluble polymer (C) becomes favorable.
- the water-soluble polymer (C) may have a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 to 5000000, more preferably 15000 to 3000000. By setting the mass average molecular weight within this range, the homogeneity of the water-soluble polymer (C) is further improved.
- the various compounds as described above and the compounds having various molecular weights as described above may be used alone as a compound contained in the water-soluble polymer (C), or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the content of the water-soluble polymer (C) in the conductive composition is such that the mass of the other components of the conductive composition: the mass of the water-soluble polymer (C) is 100: 0.1 to 400. good.
- the homogeneity of the water-soluble polymer (C) becomes better. It is even better if the content of the water-soluble polymer (C) is 1 to 50% by mass. By setting the content of the water-soluble polymer (C) within this range, the homogeneity of the water-soluble polymer (C) is further improved.
- the moisture resistance and homogeneity of the solid electrolyte layer 13 (a layer formed from a conductive composition, a conductive composition layer) are improved.
- homogeneity means that the distribution of the substance in the solid electrolyte layer 13 is substantially uniform.
- the state of good homogeneity means that the thickness of the solid electrolyte layer 13 is uneven. There is no crack or crack in the surface layer.
- solvent (D) Although it does not specifically limit as said solvent (D) (solvent), Water, an organic solvent, or these mixed solvents (hydrous organic solvent) etc. are mentioned. These can improve the solubility and dispersibility when the conductive polymer (A) and the compound (B) (and the water-soluble polymer (C)) are dissolved.
- organic solvent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, and butanol; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n Ethylene glycols such as propyl ether; propylene glycols such as propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether and propylene glycol propyl ether; amides such as dimethylformamide and dimethylacetamide; N-methylpyrrolidone Pyrrolidones such as N-ethylpyrrolidone; methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, ⁇ - Tokishiiso methyl butyrate, hydroxypropyl esters and
- the content of the organic solvent in 100% by mass of the mixed solvent may be 1 to 70% by mass, and the content of the organic solvent is within the above range.
- the conductive polymer dissolves well in the solvent.
- the content of the organic solvent in 100% by mass of the mixed solvent may be 3 to 30% by mass. With this content, the conductive polymer dissolves more satisfactorily in the solvent.
- the conductive composition of the present embodiment may contain a basic compound (E).
- the basic compound (E) is not particularly limited, but may be the following compounds (E-1) to (E-4).
- the heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 (conductive composition layer) is improved.
- the conductive composition of the present embodiment may contain an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide (E-1).
- a conductive composition is formed by using a conductive composition containing the conductive polymer (A) and an alkali metal hydroxide and / or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide (E-1) as the conductive composition. In this case, the decrease in conductivity after the heat treatment (including the heat treatment performed for heat drying for film formation) is suppressed.
- a conductive polymer (A) purified by contact with a cation exchange resin may be used as the conductive polymer (A).
- the conductivity and heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 are improved.
- alkali metal hydroxide examples include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide and the like.
- alkaline earth metal hydroxide examples include beryllium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide. In the conductive composition, any one of these alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the content of the alkali metal hydroxide and / or alkaline earth metal hydroxide (E-1) is the sulfonic acid group and / or carboxy group of the repeating unit (monomer unit) contained in the conductive polymer (A).
- the amount may be 0.2 to 0.65 mole per mole. When the content is this value, the heat resistance and conductivity of the conductive composition are improved.
- the content may be 0.3 to 0.6 mol.
- At least one compound (E-2) selected from the group consisting of acetates, carbonates, phosphates and halides of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals includes at least one compound (E-2) selected from the group consisting of acetates, carbonates, phosphates and halides of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals. You may go out.
- the conductive composition containing the conductive polymer (A) and the compound (E-2) the decrease in conductivity after the heat treatment when forming the conductive composition is suppressed. The reason is considered that the metal ion of the compound (E-2) suppresses the side chain of the conductive polymer (A) from being detached by heating.
- a conductive polymer (A) purified by contact with a cation exchange resin may be used as the conductive polymer (A).
- the conductivity and heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 are improved.
- the compound (E-2) is an alkali metal such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, or an alkaline earth metal such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium, an acetate, carbonate or phosphate.
- an alkali metal such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium
- an alkaline earth metal such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium
- an acetate, carbonate or phosphate any one or more selected from halides and the like may be used.
- acetate, carbonate, phosphate or halide with lithium, sodium, magnesium or calcium may be used.
- the reactivity is high and the economy is excellent.
- acetate, carbonate and halide may be used for the conductive composition. These compounds are suitable for handling.
- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal acetates, carbonates, phosphates and halides is simply an alkali metal salt and / or alkaline earth metal salt.
- alkali metal salt and / or alkaline earth metal salt Sometimes referred to as (E-2).
- nitrates of alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals may be used in addition to the acetates, carbonates, phosphates or halides.
- the content of the compound (E-2) is 0.01-2.
- 1 mol of the monomer repeating unit (monomer unit) of the conductive polymer (A) from the viewpoint of conductivity and heat resistance. It may be 0 mol, may be 0.1 to 1.5 mol, and is particularly preferably 0.2 to 1.0 mol.
- the conductive composition may contain a compound (E-3) containing a basic group and a hydroxy group.
- the conductive composition containing the conductive polymer (A) and the compound (E-3) containing a basic group and a hydroxy group in the same molecule is a conductive composition after the heat treatment in forming the conductive composition. Reduction is suppressed.
- the basic group contained in the compound (E-3) suppresses the side chain of the conductive polymer (A) from being removed by heating, and / or the conductive polymer (A)
- the hydroxy group contained in the compound (E-3) acts as a dopant and improves conductivity.
- the conductive polymer (A) from the viewpoint of conductivity and heat resistance, a conductive polymer (A) purified by contact with a cation exchange resin may be used. By using this conductive polymer (A), the conductivity and heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 are improved.
- the compound (E-3) has a chemical structure represented by the following general formula (2).
- a 1 is a hydroxy group
- B 1 is a basic group
- R 54 is an organic group.
- the hydroxy group may be in a hydroxy group state or a protective group-protected state.
- the protecting group include acetyl groups, silyl groups such as trimethylsilyl group and t-butyldimethylsilyl group, acetal type protecting groups (for example, methoxymethyl group, ethoxymethyl group, methoxyethoxymethyl group, etc.), benzoyl group and the like. Can be mentioned. Moreover, an alkoxide group may be sufficient.
- Examples of the basic group include basic groups defined by Arrhenius base, Bronsted base, Lewis base, and the like.
- Examples of the organic group include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, straight chain or branched chain, saturated and / or unsaturated organic groups.
- the compound (E-3) may be a compound (E-3 ′) having a basic group and two or more hydroxy groups in the same molecule and having a melting point of 30 ° C. or higher. Use of this for the compound (E-3) improves the heat resistance.
- Examples of the compound (E-3 ′) include 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, and 2-amino-2-methyl.
- Some of the compounds have L-form and D-form geometric isomers, but as the compound (E-3) of this embodiment, either L-form or D-form may be used. You may use as a mixture of the body and D body in various ratios.
- Some of the compounds include substituent position isomers at the o-position, the m-position, and the p-position, and the compound (E-3) of the present embodiment includes an o-position, an m-position, Any one of the isomers at the p-position may be used, and these isomers may be used as a mixture in various ratios.
- the content of the compound (E-3) is 0.01 to 0.00 with respect to 1 mol of the repeating unit (monomer unit) having a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxy group of the conductive polymer (A). It may be 65 moles. By using the compound (E-3) having this content, the conductivity and heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 are improved.
- the content of the compound (E-3) is particularly preferably 0.05 to 0.45 mol.
- the melting point of the compound (E-3 ′) is desirably measured by a measuring method according to “Measuring Method of Melting Point and Melting Range of Chemical Products” described in Japanese Industrial Standard “JIS K 0064”. Or, the documents “ACROS ORGANICS (2004, vol. 4)”, “Aldrich (2005-2006, JAPAN)”, “The MERCK INDEX (TWELFTH EDITION)” or “Chemical Handbook Basic Edition, Chemical Society of Japan (Maruzen Publishing)” The melting point described in 1.
- a compound containing a basic group and two or more hydroxy groups in the same molecule and having a melting point of 30 ° C. or higher as measured by the above measuring method has a melting point of 30 ° C. measured by a measuring method other than the above measuring method. Is contained in the compound (E-3 ′) constituting the conductive composition of the embodiment of the present invention.
- the compound (E-4) containing at least one acidic group and one basic group in the same molecule may be contained in the same molecule.
- the compound (E-4) By adding the compound (E-4) to the conductive polymer (A), a decrease in conductivity after heat treatment when forming a conductive composition is suppressed.
- the reason is that the basic group contained in the compound (E-4) suppresses the side chain of the conductive polymer (A) from being removed by heating, and / or the conductive polymer (A)
- the acidic group contained in the compound (E-4) acts as a dopant and improves conductivity.
- a conductive polymer (A) purified by contact with a cation exchange resin may be used as the conductive polymer (A).
- the conductivity and heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 are improved.
- the compound (E-4) has a chemical structure represented by the following general formula (3).
- a 2 is an acidic group
- B 2 is a basic group
- R 55 is an organic group.
- Examples of the acidic group include carboxylic acid groups, organic acid groups such as sulfonic acid groups, inorganic acid groups such as phosphoric acid, boric acid, and chromic acid.
- Examples of the basic group include basic groups defined by Arrhenius base, Bronsted base, Lewis base, and the like.
- Examples of the organic group include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, straight chain or branched chain, saturated and / or unsaturated organic groups.
- Examples of the compound (E-4) containing at least one acidic group and at least one basic group in the same molecule include glycine, L-alanine, ⁇ -alanine, 4-aminobutyric acid, 2-aminomethanesulfonic acid, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, 2-aminopropanesulfonic acid, sarcosine, 4-piperidinecarboxylic acid, proline, 2-benzimidazolepropionic acid, norvaline, serine, threonine, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) glycine, N, N -Di (2-hydroxyethyl) glycine, tyrosine, 3- (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -alanine, isoserine, 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, homoserine, histidine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cysteic acid, Lysine, arginine, iminodiacetic acid, glutamic acid
- the compounds (E-4) have L and D stereoisomers and enantiomers (enantiomers), but the compound (E-4) has L and D isomers. Either one may be used, and it may be used as a mixture of various ratios of L-form and D-form.
- 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) glycine, isoserine, serine, cysteic acid, aspartic acid, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, glycine, alanine, homoserine, and threonine may be used. By using these as the compound (E-4), the conductivity and heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 are improved.
- Compound (E-4) may be 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) glycine, isoserine, serine, cysteic acid, aspartic acid, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, glycine, alanine, homoserine or threonine. Any one of these compounds (E-4) may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be mixed and used.
- the content of the compound (E-4) is 0.1 to 0.00 per 1 mol of the repeating unit (monomer unit) having a sulfonic acid group and / or a carboxy group of the conductive polymer (A). It may be 65 moles. By using the content in this range, the conductivity and heat resistance of the solid electrolyte layer 13 are improved. Particularly preferred is 0.15 to 0.45 mol.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 includes the conductive polymer (A), the compound (B) (and the water-soluble polymer (C)), and optionally a solvent (D) described later. Since the solid electrolyte layer 13 is formed using the conductive composition containing the conductive polymer, the conductive polymer is sufficiently impregnated into the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12. Therefore, since the solid electrolyte layer 13 is formed even inside the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12, the capacity development rate is high and the moisture resistance is good, especially 65 ° C., 95% R.D. H. An increase in ESR (equivalent series resistance) is suppressed in a moisture resistance test under an atmosphere.
- ESR Equivalent series resistance
- the manufacturing method of the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 includes the conductive polymer (A), the compound (B) (the water-soluble polymer (C), and the like on the dielectric oxide film 12 formed on the surface of the film-forming metal 11.
- a step of applying a conductive composition containing the basic compound (E)) (application step), and a step of drying the applied conductive composition to form the solid electrolyte layer 13 (drying step).
- the vicinity of the surface layer of the film-forming metal 11 such as an aluminum foil is made porous by etching, and then the dielectric oxide film 12 is formed by anodic oxidation. .
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 is formed on the dielectric oxide film 12, this is immersed in the graphite liquid or the graphite liquid is applied to form the graphite layer 14 on the solid electrolyte layer 13, and the graphite layer A metal layer 15 is formed on 14.
- An external terminal (not shown) is connected to a cathode and an anode (both not shown) and is packaged to form a solid electrolytic capacitor 10.
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 includes a conductive polymer that satisfies the above condition (i) on the dielectric oxide film 12 formed on the surface of the film-forming metal 11, and the compound (B) (the water-soluble polymer ( C), applying a conductive composition solution containing a basic compound (E)) (application process), impregnating the inside of the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12 with a conductive polymer, and then drying (drying) Process).
- “application” refers to forming a coating film (layer), and coating and immersion are also included in the application.
- the conductive polymer solution can be obtained by dissolving a conductive polymer and, if necessary, other conductive polymers, additives such as a dopant or a surfactant in a solvent.
- the conductive polymer solution is adjusted so that the content of the conductive polymer is 9% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the conductive polymer solution. If the content of the conductive polymer is 9% by mass or less, the wettability with respect to the film-forming metal 11 on which the dielectric oxide film 12 is formed and the separator 23 provided in the wound solid electrolytic capacitor element 20 described later is improved. Therefore, the conductive polymer can be sufficiently impregnated into the fine irregularities without being deposited on the surface of the dielectric oxide film 12.
- the content may be adjusted to 5% by mass or less in 100% by mass of the conductive polymer solution.
- the lower limit value of the content of the conductive polymer is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1% by mass or more in that the solid electrolyte layer 13 having a desired thickness can be easily formed. Therefore, the content of the conductive polymer may be 0.1 to 9.0% by mass and more preferably 0.1 to 5.0% by mass in 100% by mass of the conductive polymer solution.
- the conductive polymer solution can be applied to the dielectric oxide film 12 by dip coating, brush coating, spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire Examples thereof include a bar coating method, a spray coating method, a flow coating method, a screen printing method, a flexographic printing method, an offset printing method, and an ink jet printing method.
- the dip coating method (dipping method) may be used because it is easy to operate.
- the immersion time in the conductive polymer solution may be 1 to 30 minutes from the viewpoint of workability.
- it is also effective to dip at the time of depressurization to return to normal pressure, or to pressurize at the time of dip.
- the spray coating method it is possible to impregnate the conductive polymer into the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film 12 by an external physical force.
- the utilization rate of a conductive polymer may fall easily in parts other than 12.
- the spray coating method may increase the initial investment of the mechanical device.
- the dip coating can be easily performed without using the spray coating method and the conductive polymer can be used without waste.
- the law can be used.
- the conductive polymer can be used without waste without necessarily requiring an initial investment in the mechanical device of the spray coating method, it is economically beneficial.
- the drying method after applying the conductive polymer solution may be heat drying performed by heat treatment, but for example, air drying or spinning and physical drying may be used.
- the drying conditions are determined depending on the type of the conductive polymer and the solvent. Usually, the drying temperature may be 30 to 200 ° C. from the viewpoint of drying properties, and the drying time may be long.
- steps other than the step of forming the solid electrolyte layer 13 may be performed by a known technique.
- the means for manufacturing the solid electrolytic capacitor element 20 using the solid electrolytic capacitor 10 according to the present embodiment can be performed by a known manufacturing method.
- a separator 23 may be provided between an anode (anode body) 21 and a cathode (cathode body) 22 made of a graphite layer and a metal layer.
- anode 21 a conventionally known electrode can be arbitrarily used, and a conductive material is used as a constituent material.
- the conductive material for example, aluminum, niobium, tantalum, titanium, magnesium, or other metals can be used, and alloys of these metals can also be used. These metals constituting the anode 21 may be porous.
- the anode 21 includes a metal dielectric oxide film 12 on the surface of this constituent material.
- a solid electrolyte layer is formed in the dielectric oxide film 12 as mentioned above.
- the formation of the solid electrolyte layer can be performed by a method such as applying a conductive polymer solution to the dielectric oxide film 12 by a dip coating method or the like.
- the external terminal 24 is connected to the anode 21 and the cathode 22, respectively, and the wound type solid electrolytic capacitor element 20 can be obtained.
- the solid electrolyte layer may be formed on the above-described laminate and then wound.
- a constituent material of the above-described separator paper, fiber, resin such as PET, or the like can be given.
- these constituent materials may be impregnated with insulating oil to form a separator.
- Insulating oils such as mineral oil, diallyl ethane oil, alkylbenzene oil, aliphatic ester oil (leinic acid ester, fumaric acid ester, etc.), aromatic ester oil (phthalic acid ester, etc.), polycyclic aromatic oil or silicone oil Insulating oil or a mixture thereof can be used.
- the solid electrolytic capacitor element 20 for example, a wound aluminum element (capacitor element) in which an existing anode 21, cathode 22, and separator 23 are overlapped and wound is used as the above-described conductive capacitor element. After dipping for 15 minutes, for example, 5 minutes, it can be produced by heating and drying at 90 to 120 ° C. (for example, 105 ° C.) for 10 to 60 minutes (for example, 30 minutes).
- a wound aluminum element in which an existing anode 21, cathode 22, and separator 23 are overlapped and wound is used as the above-described conductive capacitor element. After dipping for 15 minutes, for example, 5 minutes, it can be produced by heating and drying at 90 to 120 ° C. (for example, 105 ° C.) for 10 to 60 minutes (for example, 30 minutes).
- the solid electrolyte layer may be provided with a plurality of layers (at least two layers).
- the above-described solid electrolyte layer 13 may be a first conductive polymer layer (precoat), and a second conductive polymer layer may be formed on the first conductive polymer layer.
- the constituent material of the second conductive polymer is arbitrary as long as it is a conductive polymer.
- PEDOT polyethylenedioxythiophene
- the constituent materials may be materials as described above as materials for the first conductive polymer layer.
- the conductive polymer (A), the compound (B) (the water-soluble polymer) are formed on the dielectric oxide film formed on the film-forming metal.
- the conductive composition solution containing the conductive polymer (C) and the basic compound (E)) is applied to form a solid electrolyte layer, so that the conductive polymer is sufficiently contained within the fine irregularities of the dielectric oxide film. Impregnate. Therefore, a solid electrolyte layer having a high conductivity can be formed on the dielectric oxide film, and a solid electrolytic capacitor having a high capacity development rate and good moisture resistance can be easily manufactured.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer was determined as follows. First, a conductive polymer solution having a conductive polymer concentration of 1% by mass was prepared using ultrapure water as a solvent, and a dynamic light scattering particle size measuring device (“Nanotrack UPA-UT” manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) was prepared. ) was used to measure the particle distribution of the conductive polymer by the dynamic light scattering method, and was corrected with the viscosity of ultrapure water.
- the volume average particle size of the minimum particle distribution including the peak with the smallest particle size was determined, and this was defined as the volume average particle size of the conductive polymer.
- the volume average particle diameter of the conductive polymer was obtained using this particle distribution as it is as the minimum particle distribution. .
- the pH of compound (B) was determined as follows. First, a compound (B) solution having a compound (B) concentration of 1 mol / L is prepared using ultrapure water as a solvent, and a pH measuring device (“LAQUA-F74” manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) is used. The pH of this solution was measured.
- A-1 Production of poly (2-sulfo-5-methoxy-1,4-iminophenylene) 100 mmol of 2-aminoanisole-4-sulfonic acid was dissolved in water containing 100 mmol of triethylamine with stirring at 25 ° C., and an aqueous solution of 100 mmol of ammonium peroxodisulfate was added dropwise. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction product was filtered and washed after further stirring at 25 ° C. for 12 hours.
- the obtained conductive polymer (A-1) had a volume average particle diameter of 0.95 nm and a volume resistance value of 9.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the mass average molecular weight of the conductive polymer (A-1) determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) in terms of sodium polystyrene sulfonate was about 10,000 Da.
- ⁇ Preparation of conductive compositions 1-12> As shown in Table 1, the preparation of conductive compositions 1 to 12 was adjusted. In the compositions 1 to 8, 11 and 12, the conductive polymer (A-1) was dissolved in the solvent, but the compositions 9 and 10 were prepared using PEDOT (polyethylene) instead of the conductive polymer (A-1). Dioxythiophene) was not dissolved in the solvent but dispersed. The volume average particle diameter of PEDOT was 26.7 nm as determined in the same manner as for the conductive polymer (A-1).
- Example 1 (Preparation of aluminum element) Using an aluminum foil having an electric capacity of 95 ⁇ F / cm 2 per unit area, anodizing was performed in an aqueous solution of ammonium adipate having a concentration of 3% by mass at a voltage of 5.7 V and a temperature of 70 ° C. for 120 minutes. A dielectric oxide film was formed on the substrate to obtain an aluminum element.
- the aluminum element was immersed in the conductive composition 1 for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the aluminum element is taken out, heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then dried by heating at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- the solid electrolyte layer 13 (from the surface of the dielectric oxide film) is formed on the dielectric oxide film. The thickness was about 10 ⁇ m).
- a graphite layer 14 and an aluminum electrode (metal layer 15) were formed on the solid electrolyte layer 13, a cathode lead terminal was connected to the aluminum electrode, and a laminated aluminum solid electrolytic capacitor having a rated voltage of 6.3 V was produced. .
- capacitance expression rate and moisture resistance evaluation which were mentioned later were performed.
- Examples 2 to 6 Comparative Examples 1 to 6
- a laminated aluminum solid electrolytic capacitor was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compositions 2 to 12 were used instead of the conductive composition 1. These examples were also evaluated for capacity development and moisture resistance as described later.
- conductive compositions 13 to 16 were prepared. Conductive compositions 13 to 16 are dropped on a glass petri dish with a diameter of 32 mm, heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then dried by heating at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes to obtain a conductive composition layer (conductive composition) A layer made of a product) (thickness is about 10 ⁇ m) was formed, and the homogeneity of the conductive composition layer was visually evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Examples 7 to 10 using the conductive composition containing the conductive polymer (A), the compound (B) and the water-soluble polymer (C) had a homogeneous conductive composition. A physical layer could be formed. As a result, a conductive composition layer excellent in moisture resistance, capacity development rate and homogeneity could be formed.
- Example 11 to 15 were the same as Example 1 except that the conductive polymer (A), the compound (B), the water-soluble polymer (C) and the solvent (E) were adjusted as shown in Table 5, respectively. Comparative examples 7 to 8 were prepared. In Tables 5 and 7, Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 are also shown together with the concentration of the solvent (D) (both using water). Examples 13 to 15 and Comparative Example 7 in which pre-coating (coating operation as pretreatment) was performed as the first layer (first conductive polymer layer) and PEDOT was used as the second layer (second conductive polymer layer) Tables 6 to 8 show the compounds used in the first and second layers, respectively.
- Table 7 shows the results of evaluation of these Examples and Comparative Examples based on the above-mentioned criteria of Evaluation 1 and Evaluation 2.
- G glycerin
- TME trimethylolethane
- PE pentaerythritol
- M mannitol
- EG ethylene glycol
- TRIS tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
- TE bird ethanolamine
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- MS methyl cellulose
- P pullulan
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- Examples 13 to 15 in which any one of pentaerythritol or polyvinyl alcohol as the compound (B) and polyvinyl butyral as the compound (C) were employed showed excellent results in both the moisture resistance test and the capacity expression rate.
- the most excellent capacity expression rate was Example 13 in which a pentaerythritol was used as the compound (B). From these results, it was shown that the solid electrolytic capacitor having a plurality of conductive polymer layers is good in the moisture resistance test and the capacity expression rate.
- a conductive polymer for a capacitor that can be easily manufactured into a solid electrolytic capacitor that is sufficiently impregnated with a conductive polymer up to the inside of an anode body (film-forming metal) having a dielectric oxide film and that has high moisture resistance and high reliability.
- a composition and a solid electrolytic capacitor obtained using the composition are provided.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年10月16日に日本に出願された特願2012-229020号、及び2013年1月28日に日本に出願された特願2013-12812号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
導電性ポリマーを固体電解質層として用いた固体電解コンデンサは、固体電解質層として二酸化マンガンを用いた従来の固体電解コンデンサと比較して、固体電解質の導電率が10~100倍高く、またESR(等価直列抵抗)を大きく減少させることが可能である。
このため、小型電子機器の高周波ノイズの吸収用など様々な用途への応用が期待されている。
また、導電性ポリマー材料を構成するモノマー(単量体)としては、ピロール、チオフェン、3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン又はアニリンなどが知られている。
また、製造工程が煩雑になりやすかった。
例えば、誘電体酸化膜上に、導電性ポリマーの固体電解質層を形成する方法として、導電性ポリマーを含む分散液を誘電体酸化膜上に塗布させて乾燥する方法が知られている。
前記誘電体酸化膜は、多孔質の金属の陽極体の表面に形成されるため、微細な凹凸を有している。
このため、導電性ポリマーを含む分散液を誘電体酸化膜上に塗布する方法では、導電性ポリマーを含む分散液が誘電体酸化膜の内部まで含浸しにくかった。
その結果、誘電体酸化膜の微細な凹凸の内部(細孔)には固体電解質層が形成されにくく、表層のみに固体電解質層が形成されるため、得られる固体電解コンデンサの容量発現率が低くなるという問題があった。
特に、65℃、95%R.H.雰囲気下という厳しい耐湿試験においてESR(等価直列抵抗)の上昇の抑制が求められている。
また、固体電解コンデンサにはあらゆる環境での信頼性が求められており、特に湿度に対する安定性(耐湿性)が重視される。特許文献2記載の方法で得られた導電性組成物は、耐湿性が低く、ESR(等価直列抵抗)の低下を抑制することは困難という問題がある。
条件(i):前記導電性ポリマーを溶液の全質量に対して1質量%含む導電性ポリマー溶液について動的光散乱法により粒子分布を測定し、前記測定で得られた1つ以上のピークのうち粒子径が最小を示すピークを含む最小粒子分布を得た際に、前記最少粒子分布に含まれる粒子径の体積平均粒子径が26nm未満であること。
ここで、体積平均粒子径については、後述の測定方法により定義される。
条件(i):前記導電性ポリマーを溶液の全質量に対して1質量%含む導電性ポリマー溶液について動的光散乱法により粒子分布を測定し、前記測定で得られた1つ以上のピークのうち粒子径が最小を示すピークを含む最小粒子分布を得た際に、前記最少粒子分布に含まれる粒子径の体積平均粒子径が26nm未満であること。
条件(i):導電性ポリマーを1質量%含む導電性ポリマー溶液を用いて、動的光散乱法により、粒子分布を測定して得られる1つ以上のピークのうち、粒子径が最小を示すピークを含む最小粒子分布の体積平均粒子径が26nm未満である。
なお、本発明の実施形態において、「導電性ポリマー」とは、導電性ポリマー、又はポリマーの成分にドーピング(ドーパントを添加)されてなる導電性ポリマーにおけるポリマーの成分を示す。
また、「導電性ポリマー溶液」とは、導電性ポリマー、ポリマーの成分にドーピングされてなる導電性ポリマーにおけるポリマーの成分を、溶解又は分散した溶液を示す。
また、本発明の実施形態において、「含浸」とは、導電性ポリマーが誘電体酸化膜の微細な凹凸の内部に浸漬(浸透)することを示す。「含浸性」とは、前記誘電体酸化膜の微細な凹凸の内部に導電性ポリマーがどの程度浸漬(浸透)しているかを示す。
含浸性は、例えば、コンデンサの断面を走査型電子顕微鏡等で観察することにより、相対的に評価することができる。
また、本発明の実施形態において、「(体積)平均粒子径」とは、後述する動的光散乱法により算出される値であり、「流体力学的径」ともいう。
本発明の実施形態に係る導電性組成物に用いる導電性ポリマー(A)の体積平均粒子径は、26nm未満である。
ここで、前記ポリマー(A)の体積平均粒子径が26nm未満であることで、図1に示す固体電解コンデンサ10における誘電体酸化膜12の微細な凹凸の内部へ導電性ポリマーが十分に含浸するので、容量発現率の高い固体電解コンデンサ10が得られる。なお、図1での誘電体酸化膜12に描かれたような微細な凹凸としては、コンデンサメーカーによって様々な構造や高低差を持ったコンデンサがあり、コンデンサの誘電率や含浸性が良好となるよう適宜実験により適切な形状を選択するのが望ましい。
導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径は、20nm以下としても良い。導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径がこの範囲であることで、誘電体酸化膜12の微細な凹凸に対しても、その内部に導電性ポリマーが十分に含浸することができる。導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径を10nm以下としてもさらに良い。導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径がこの範囲であることで、さらに微細な前記凹凸に対して含浸性が得られる。導電性ポリマーの粒子径が小さいことで、微細な孔への浸漬性が向上し、微細な凸凹の被覆率が向上して、コンデンサの電気容量の向上につながるという利点がある。導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径を5nm以下とするのが特に良い。導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径がこの範囲であることで、さらに微細な前記凹凸に対して含浸性が得られ、コンデンサの電気容量がより向上する。
また、導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径は、0.001nm以上としても良い。導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径がこの範囲であることで、導電性ポリマーが誘電体酸化膜12の微細な凹凸の内部へ含浸することができ、さらに導電性ポリマーによる誘電体酸化膜12上での成膜性、及び固体電解コンデンサ10における導電性が良好となる。導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径は、0.01nm以上としてもより良く、0.1nmとするのが特に良い。体積平均粒子径がこれらの値を満たすことにより、小さな孔に浸漬することが可能となり、コンデンサの誘電体が有する凸凹構造への含浸性が向上し、上述の成膜性及び導電性がさらに良好となるという利点がある。
以上より、導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径は、0.001~26nmである必要があり、0.001~20nmとしても良く、0.01~10nmとしてもより良く、0.1~5nmとするのが特に良い。
まず、導電性ポリマーを水に対して濃度が1質量%の導電性ポリマー溶液を調製し、この溶液に対して動的光散乱式粒子径測定装置を用いて動的光散乱法により粒子分布を測定する。動的光散乱法の測定値に影響するポリマー溶液の粘度については、純水の粘度をベースラインとして補正する。
この測定により得られた1つ以上のピークのうち、粒子径が最小となるピークを含む最小粒子分布を選択する。この最少粒子分布に含まれる各粒子について体積平均粒子径を求め、これを導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径とする。
なお、本実施形態で「最小粒子分布」とは、動的光散乱法により粒子分布を測定し、純水の粘度で補正した後、これを解析して得られる1つ以上の粒子分布群のうち、最も粒子径の小さい分布のことである。
具体的には、最小粒子分布とは図3に示すように、粒子分布を測定して得られる1つ以上のピークP1,P2,P3,・・・のうち、粒子径が最小となるピークP1を含む粒子分布のことである。動的光散乱法により粒子分布を測定して得られるピークが1つの場合は、この粒子分布が最小粒子分布となる。また、複数の粒子分布が重なった場合は、汎用ソフト等に組み込まれているGauss関数やLorentz関数等を用いる一般的な解析方法により、波形分離すればよい。このような分離の結果、例としては、図3中、符号Sのような一定の領域が最少粒子分布として分離される。
ここで、本実施形態で導電性ポリマーが「可溶」とは、10gの水または有機溶剤(液温25℃)に対して、導電性ポリマー0.1g以上が均一に溶解することを意味する。
導電性ポリマーが水又は有機溶媒に対して可溶性であれば、固体電解コンデンサ10の製造の際に、水又は有機溶媒に導電性ポリマーを溶解させて導電性ポリマー溶液とすることができる。その後、前記導電性ポリマー溶液を誘電体酸化膜12上に塗布・乾燥するといった簡易な方法で、誘電体酸化膜12の微細な凹凸の内部にまで十分に導電性高分子が含浸した固体電解質層13を形成できる。
可溶性の導電性ポリマーで、スルホン酸基及びカルボキシ基は、それぞれ、酸の状態(-SO3H、-COOH)で含まれていてもよく、イオンの状態(-SO3 -、-COO-)で含まれていてもよい。
ここで、「酸性基」とはスルホン酸基又はカルボキシ基である。こうした化合物としては、R1~R4のうち、いずれか一つが炭素数1~4の直鎖又は分岐のアルコキシ基であり、他のいずれか一つが-SO3 -又は-SO3Hであり、残りがHであるものであっても良い。この化合物は、製造が容易という利点がある。
また、「酸性基の塩」とは、酸性基のアルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩、および置換アンモニウム塩のうち、少なくとも一種を示す。
また、導電性ポリマーは、上記一般式(1)で表される繰り返し単位を1分子中に10以上含有していても良い。前記繰り返し単位の含有により、導電性ポリマーが導電性に優れるという利点がある。
ここで導電性ポリマーの質量平均分子量は、例えばゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC、ゲル浸透又はゲル濾過クロマトグラフィー)により分子量を測定し、ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム換算した値であるものとする。
また、本実施形態の導電性ポリマーは、例えば特開平7-196791号公報、特開平7-324132号公報に記載の合成方法により製造することもできる。
導電性ポリマー溶液100質量%中の導電性ポリマーの含有量が9質量%以下であれば、誘電体酸化膜12が形成された被膜形成金属11や、後述する巻回型の固体電解コンデンサ素子20に備わるセパレータ23に対する濡れ性が向上するため、導電性ポリマーは誘電体酸化膜12の表面に堆積することなく、微細な凹凸の内部へ十分に含浸できる。
導電性ポリマー溶液中の導電性ポリマーの含有量の下限値については特に制限されないが、0.1質量%以上であっても良い。前記含有量が0.1質量%以上であると、所望の厚さの固体電解質層13を容易に形成できる。
導電性ポリマー溶液100質量%中の導電性ポリマーの含有量は5質量%以下であっても良く、この範囲で、さらに微細な凹凸の内部へ十分に含浸できる。
以上より、導電性ポリマー溶液100質量%中の導電性ポリマーの含有量は0.1~9質量%であっても良く、0.1~5質量%であってもより良い。
固体電解質層13の形成に用いる導電性組成物は、導電性ポリマー(A)の他に、前記導電性ポリマー(A)以外の導電性ポリマー(他の導電性ポリマー)や、界面活性剤等の添加剤など、他の材料を含有していてもよい。
前記他の導電性ポリマーとしては、ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)、ポリピロール又はポリアニリンなどが挙げられる。
また、これら前記他の導電性ポリマーを用いる場合には、ドーパント(例えばポリスチレンスルホン酸など)を併用しても良い。
導電性組成物が界面活性剤を含有する場合、導電性組成物の全質量あたりの界面活性剤の含有量は、0.1~20質量%であっても良い。界面活性剤の含有量が0.1質量%以上であれば、導電性組成物の表面張力を低下させることができる。0.1質量%以上の添加で、導電性組成物の表面張力が低下すると、コンデンサの誘電体酸化膜が有する凸凹構造の内部に導電性組成物が入り易くなる。その結果、凸凹構造内部に多くの導電性組成物が入り緻密な電気が流れる導電パスが形成されることから導電率が高まる。それに対して、界面活性剤の質量が0.1質量%以下で、表面張力が高いままの場合は、凸凹構造内部に導電性組成物があまり入ることが出来ず、粗い導電パスを形成すると、抵抗部分が増えて導電性が良好とならない。同様に、界面活性剤の添加量が多すぎる場合、例えば20質量%を越えると、導電性組成物の中に界面活性剤の含有量が増し、導電性ポリマー同士で作る導電パスの間に界面活性剤が不純物として入り込み、導電性を劣化させてしまう(導電性が良好に維持することが出来ない)おそれがある。
よって、誘電体酸化膜12の微細な凹凸の内部への含浸性が向上し、固体電解質層13の導電率が高まる。一方、界面活性剤の含有量が20質量%以下であれば、導電性を良好に維持できる。界面活性剤の含有量が0.1~5質量%であると、固体電解質層13のより高い導電率と固体電解質層13の導電性のさらに良好な維持を両立できる利点があるためより良い。
本実施形態の化合物(B)には、ヒドロキシ基を3個以上有し、かつ1mol/L水溶液でのpHが9.0以下である化合物を用いている。この化合物(B)は、主に耐湿性を向上させる作用のために含有される。
特に、前記化合物(B)は、ヒドロキシ基を3個以上有し、かつ、1mol/L水溶液25℃でのpHが9.0以下となる化合物であっても良い。化合物(B)がこの条件から選択されることで、導電性組成物の耐湿性が良好となる。化合物(B)は上述の条件でpH8.0以下となる化合物であってもより良く、pH7.0以下となる化合物であってもさらに良い。化合物(B)のpHがこの範囲となることで、化合物(B)がこの条件から選択されることで、導電性組成物の耐湿性がさらに良好となる。
pHの下限としては特に限定されないが、導電性組成物の安定性の観点から、pH1以上が好ましい。
化合物(B-1)には、上述の化合物のうち1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、導電性組成物100質量%中の前記化合物(B)の含有量は、0.1~20質量%であっても良い。前記化合物(B)の含有量が0.1質量%以上であれば、耐湿性を向上させることができる。一方、導電性組成物100質量%中の前記化合物(B)の含有量が20質量%以下であれば、導電性組成物の導電性を良好に維持できる。前記含有量は0.1~5質量%であってもより良い。前記含有量がこの範囲であることで、導電性組成物の導電性がより良好となる。
本実施形態の導電性組成物は、前記導電性ポリマー(A)、前記化合物(B)に加えて、ヒドロキシル基を有する水溶性ポリマー(C)(水溶性高分子)を含んでいる。この水溶性ポリマー(C)は、導電性ポリマーの側鎖とヒドロキシル基が安定的なネットワークを形成するので、耐湿性及び導電性組成物層の均質性を向上させるために含有される。具体的には、導電性ポリマー単独の膜では水溶性を示す構造を持つために、水に対する耐性がなく、湿度にて膜が変化する可能性がある。これに対して導電性ポリマーにヒドロキシル基を有する化合物を添加することで、導電性ポリマーと導電性ポリマー同士をつなぐこと(安定なネットワークを形成するもしくは水素結合)で、緻密な膜を形成させ、水に対する耐性を向上し、耐湿性が発現すると考えられる。
前記水溶性ポリマー(C)としては、アセタール基を有するものを用いても良い。前記水溶性ポリマー(C)にアセタール基を有するものを用いることで、導電性ポリマーとの相互作用が強く、耐水性及び耐湿性が向上するという利点がある。この水溶性ポリマー(C)のアセタール化度は5~50mоl%であってもよい。前記アセタール化度がこの範囲であることで水溶性が高く、導電性ポリマーとの強い相互作用を示し、耐水性及び耐湿性が良好となるという利点がある。
前記水溶性ポリマー(C)としては、セルロース誘導体、プルラン又はポリビニルアルコールを用いても良い。前記水溶性ポリマー(C)にこれらを用いることで、水溶性ポリマー(C)の均質性が良好となる。
前記水溶性ポリマー(C)の質量平均分子量が5000~10000000であっても良い。
前記質量平均分子量をこの範囲とすることで、水溶性ポリマー(C)の均質性が良好となる。
前記水溶性ポリマー(C)の質量平均分子量は、10000~5000000であってもより良く、15000~3000000であると特に良い。前記質量平均分子量をこの範囲とすることで、水溶性ポリマー(C)の均質性がさらに良好となる。
前記したような各種の化合物や、前記したような様々な分子量の化合物は、水溶性ポリマー(C)に含有する化合物として1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、導電性組成物に対する前記水溶性ポリマー(C)の含有量は、導電性組成物の他の成分の質量:水溶性ポリマー(C)の質量が100:0.1~400であっても良い。水溶性ポリマー(C)の含有量をこの範囲とすることで、水溶性ポリマー(C)の均質性がより良好となる。水溶性ポリマー(C)の含有量を1~50質量%としてもより良い。水溶性ポリマー(C)の含有量をこの範囲とすることで、水溶性ポリマー(C)の均質性がさらに良好となる。
前記溶剤(D)(溶媒)としては、特に限定されないが、水、有機溶媒、又はこれらの混合溶媒(含水有機溶媒)等が挙げられる。これらは前記導電性ポリマー(A)、前記化合物(B)(、前記水溶性ポリマー(C))を溶解させた際の溶解性及び分散性を良好とすることができる。
有機溶媒としては、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール、プロピルアルコール、ブタノール等のアルコール類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、エチルイソブチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン類;エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノ-n-プロピルエーテル等のエチレングリコール類;プロピレングリコール、プロピレングリコールメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールエチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールブチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールプロピルエーテル等のプロピレングリコール類;ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド等のアミド類;N-メチルピロリドン、N-エチルピロリドン等のピロリドン類;乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、β-メトキシイソ酪酸メチル、α-ヒドロキシイソ酪酸メチル等のヒドロキシエステル類やγ-ブチロラクトンなどが挙げられる。これら有機溶媒は、1種単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも、水への可溶性及び取り扱いの点で、アルコール類を用いても良く、メタノール又はイソプロプルアルコールを用いると特に良い。
本発明の実施態様の一つとして、本実施形態の導電性組成物は、塩基性化合物(E)を含んでいてもよい。塩基性化合物(E)を含むことにより、導電性の耐熱性を向上させることができる。
塩基性化合物(E)としては、特に限定されないが、下記化合物(E-1)~(E-4)であっても良い。塩基性化合物(E)に下記化合物(E-1)~(E-4)を用いることで、固体電解質層13(導電性組成物層)の耐熱性が向上する。
本発明の実施態様の一つとして、本実施形態の導電性組成物は、アルカリ金属水酸化物又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物(E-1)を含んでいてもよい。導電性組成物に前記導電性ポリマー(A)及びアルカリ金属水酸化物及び/又はアルカリ土類金属水酸化物(E-1)を含む導電性組成物を用いることで、導電性組成物を形成する際の加熱処理(膜形成のための加熱乾燥のために行われる加熱によるものを含む)の後の導電性の低下が抑制される。これは、導電性ポリマー(A)の側鎖が加熱によって熱分解するのをアルカリ金属イオン又はアルカリ土類金属イオンが抑制するためと考えられる。
この場合には、導電性ポリマー(A)には、陽イオン交換樹脂への接触により精製された導電性ポリマー(A)を用いても良い。この導電性ポリマー(A)を用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性及び耐熱性が向上する。
導電性組成物には、これらのアルカリ金属水酸化物及びアルカリ土類金属水酸化物のうちいずれか1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
本発明の実施態様の一つとして、アルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の酢酸塩、炭酸塩、リン酸塩及びハロゲン化物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物(E-2)を含んでいてもよい。前記導電性ポリマー(A)及び前記化合物(E-2)を含む導電性組成物は、導電性組成物を形成する際の加熱処理後の導電性の低下が抑制される。 その理由として、導電性ポリマー(A)の側鎖が加熱によって脱離するのを、前記化合物(E-2)の金属イオンが抑制するためと考えられる。
この場合には、導電性ポリマー(A)には、導電性及び耐熱性の観点から、陽イオン交換樹脂への接触により精製された導電性ポリマー(A)を用いても良い。この導電性ポリマー(A)を用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性及び耐熱性が向上する。
導電性組成物には、これらの中でも、リチウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム又はカルシウムとの酢酸塩、炭酸塩、リン酸塩又はハロゲン化物を用いても良い。前記化合物(E-2)にこれらを用いると、反応性が高く、経済性にも優れている。
導電性組成物には、前記化合物の中でも、酢酸塩、炭酸塩、ハロゲン化物を用いても良い。これらの化合物は取り扱い性が好適である。
なお、アルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の酢酸塩、炭酸塩、リン酸塩及びハロゲン化物からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の化合物を、単に、アルカリ金属塩及び/又はアルカリ土類金属塩(E-2)ということがある。
導電性組成物には、上記酢酸塩、炭酸塩、リン酸塩又はハロゲン化物以外に、アルカリ金属及び/又はアルカリ土類金属の硝酸塩を用いても良い。
本発明の実施態様の一つとして、導電性組成物は、塩基性基及びヒドロキシ基を含む化合物(E-3)を含んでいてもよい。前記導電性ポリマー(A)及び同一分子内に塩基性基及びヒドロキシ基を含む化合物(E-3)を含む導電性組成物は、導電性組成物を形成する際の加熱処理後の導電性の低下が抑制される。
その理由として、導電性ポリマー(A)の側鎖が加熱によって脱離するのを、前記化合物(E-3)に含まれる塩基性基が抑制する、及び/又は、導電性ポリマー(A)に対して前記化合物(E-3)に含まれるヒドロキシ基がドープ剤として働き導電性を向上するためと考えられる。
この場合には、導電性ポリマー(A)には、導電性及び耐熱性の観点から、陽イオン交換樹脂への接触により精製された導電性ポリマー(A)を用いても良い。この導電性ポリマー(A)を用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性及び耐熱性が向上する。
有機基としては、例えば、脂肪族、脂環式、芳香族、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖、飽和及び/又は不飽和の有機基が挙げられる。
前記化合物(E-3´)としては、例えば、2-アミノ-1,3-プロパンジオール、3-アミノ-1,2-プロパンジオール、トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタン、2-アミノ-2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-アミノ-2-エチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、N,N-ジ(2-ヒドロキシエチル)グリシン、3-[N-トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチルアミノ]-2-ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、N-トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチル-2-アミノエタンスルホン酸、3-(3,4-ジヒドロキシフェニル)-L-アラニン、N,N-ビス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-アミノエタンスルホン酸又はN-トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチル-3-アミノプロパンスルホン酸、等が挙げられる。
前記化合物の一部には、L体とD体の幾何異性体が存在するが、本実施形態の化合物(E-3)としてはL体とD体のどちらか一方を用いてもよく、L体とD体の種々の比率の混合物として用いてもよい。
前記化合物の一部には、o-位とm-位とp-位の置換基位置異性体が存在するが、本実施形態の化合物(E-3)としてはo-位とm-位とp-位の異性体のうちいずれか一を用いてもよく、これらの異性体について種々の比率の混合物として用いてもよい。
本実施形態の化合物(E-3)としては、2-アミノ-1,3-プロパンジオール、トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)アミノメタン、2-アミノ-2-メチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、2-アミノ-2-エチル-1,3-プロパンジオール、3-[N-トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチルアミノ]-2-ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、N-トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチル-2-アミノエタンスルホン酸であるとより良い。この化合物(E-3)を用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性及び耐熱性が向上する。これらの化合物(E-3)は、いずれか1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
また、前記化合物(E-3)の含有量は、前記導電性ポリマー(A)のスルホン酸基及び/又はカルボキシ基を有する繰り返し単位(モノマーユニット)1モルに対して、0.01~0.65モルであっても良い。この含有量の化合物(E-3)を用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性及び耐熱性が向上する。前記化合物(E-3)の含有量は、0.05~0.45モルであると特に良い。
また、同一分子内に基性基及び2つ以上のヒドロキシ基を含み、かつ、上記測定方法による測定で融点が30℃以上の化合物は、上記測定方法以外の測定方法により測定した融点が30℃未満であっても本発明の実施形態の導電性組成物を構成する化合物(E-3´)に含まれる。
本発明の実施態様の一つとして、同一分子内に酸性基及び塩基性基を少なくとも各々1種以上含む化合物(E-4)を含んでいてもよい。前記導電性ポリマー(A)に前記化合物(E-4)を添加することで、導電性組成物を形成する際の加熱処理後の導電性の低下が抑制される。
その理由として、導電性ポリマー(A)の側鎖が加熱によって脱離するのを、前記化合物(E-4)に含まれる塩基性基が抑制する、及び/又は、導電性ポリマー(A)に対して前記化合物(E-4)に含まれる酸性基がドープ剤として働き導電性を向上するためと考えられる。
この場合には、導電性ポリマー(A)には、導電性及び耐熱性の観点から、陽イオン交換樹脂への接触により精製された導電性ポリマー(A)を用いても良い。この導電性ポリマー(A)を用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性及び耐熱性が向上する。
塩基性基としては、例えば、アレニウス塩基、ブレンステッド塩基、ルイス塩基、等で定義される塩基性基が挙げられる。
有機基としては、例えば、脂肪族、脂環式、芳香族、直鎖若しくは分岐鎖、飽和及び/又は不飽和の有機基が挙げられる。
同一分子内に酸性基及び塩基性基を少なくとも各々1種以上含む化合物(E-4)としては、例えば、グリシン、L-アラニン、β-アラニン、4-アミノ酪酸、2-アミノメタンスルホン酸、2-アミノエタンスルホン酸、2-アミノプロパンスルホン酸、サルコシン、4-ピペリジンカルボン酸、プロリン、2-ベンズイミダゾールプロピオン酸、ノルバリン、セリン、トレオニン、2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)グリシン、N,N-ジ(2-ヒドロキシエチル)グリシン、チロシン、3-(3,4-ジヒドキシフェニル)-アラニン、イソセリン、4-アミノ-3-ヒドロキシ酪酸、ホモセリン、ヒスチジン、アスパラギン酸、システイン、システイン酸、リジン、アルギニン、イミノ二酢酸、グルタミン酸、2-アミノアジピン酸、2,6-ジアミノピメリン酸、グアニジノ酢酸、チアゾリジン-2,4-ジカルボン酸又はシスチン等が挙げられる。
化合物(E)としては2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)グリシン、イソセリン、セリン、システイン酸、アスパラギン酸、2-アミノエタンスルホン酸、グリシン、アラニン、ホモセリン、トレオニンを用いても良い。化合物(E-4)としてこれらを用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性や耐熱性が良好となる。化合物(E-4)は2-(4-ヒドロキシフェニル)グリシン、イソセリン、セリン、システイン酸、アスパラギン酸、2-アミノエタンスルホン酸、グリシン、アラニン、ホモセリン又はトレオニンであってもより良い。これらの化合物(E-4)は、いずれか1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
また、前記化合物(E-4)の含有量は、前記導電性ポリマー(A)のスルホン酸基及び/又はカルボキシ基を有する繰り返し単位(モノマーユニット)1モルに対して、0.1~0.65モルであっても良い。前記含有量をこの範囲で用いることで、固体電解質層13の導電性や耐熱性が良好となる。0.15~0.45モルであると特に良い。
よって、誘電体酸化膜12の微細な凹凸の内部にまで固体電解質層13が形成されているため、容量発現率が高く、耐湿性が良好、特に65℃、95%R.H.雰囲気下での耐湿試験でESR(等価直列抵抗)の上昇が抑制される。
次に、本実施形態に係る固体電解コンデンサ10の製造方法の一例について説明する。
固体電解コンデンサ10の製造方法は、被膜形成金属11の表面に形成された誘電体酸化膜12上に、前記導電性ポリマー(A)、前記化合物(B)(、前記水溶性ポリマー(C)、塩基性化合物(E))を含む導電性組成物を、塗布する工程(塗布工程)と、塗布した導電性組成物を乾燥して固体電解質層13を形成する工程(乾燥工程)とを有する。
固体電解質層13は、被膜形成金属11の表面に形成された誘電体酸化膜12上に、上記条件(i)を満たす導電性ポリマーを含み、かつ前記化合物(B)(、前記水溶性ポリマー(C)、塩基性化合物(E))を含む導電性組成物溶液を塗布し(塗布工程)、誘電体酸化膜12の微細な凹凸の内部に導電性ポリマーを含浸させた後、乾燥する(乾燥工程)ことで形成できる。
なお、本発明の実施形態で「塗布」とは、塗膜(層)を形成させることを指し、塗装や浸漬も塗布に含まれる。
本発明の一実施態様では、導電性ポリマー溶液は、導電性ポリマーの含有量が導電性ポリマー溶液100質量%中、9質量%以下になるよう調整する。導電性ポリマーの含有量が9質量%以下であれば、誘電体酸化膜12が形成された被膜形成金属11や、後述する巻回型の固体電解コンデンサ素子20に備わるセパレータ23に対する濡れ性が向上するため、導電性ポリマーは誘電体酸化膜12の表面に堆積することなく、微細な凹凸の内部へ十分に含浸できる。前記含有量は導電性ポリマー溶液100質量%中、5質量%以下になるように調整しても良い。
導電性ポリマーの含有量の下限値については特に制限されないが、所望の厚さの固体電解質層13を容易に形成できる点で、0.1質量%以上であっても良い。したがって、導電性ポリマーの含有量は導電性ポリマー溶液100質量%中、0.1~9.0質量%であってもよく、0.1~5.0質量%であってもより良い。
ディップコート法により導電性ポリマー溶液を塗布する場合、作業性の点で、導電性ポリマー溶液への浸漬時間は、1~30分であっても良い。
また、ディップコートする際に、減圧時にディップさせて常圧に戻す、又は、ディップ時に加圧するなどの方法も有効である。
しかし、本発明の実施形態によれば、前記導電性ポリマー溶液を用いて塗布を行うので、スプレーコート法などを用いなくても、操作が容易で、しかも導電性ポリマーを無駄なく利用できるディップコート法を使用できる。さらに、スプレーコート法の機械装置への初期投資を必ずしも要さず導電性ポリマーを無駄なく利用できるので、経済的にも有益である。
また、乾燥条件は、導電性ポリマーや溶媒の種類により決定されるが、通常、乾燥温度は、乾燥性の観点から、30~200℃であっても良く、乾燥時間はであっても良い。
本実施形態に係る固体電解コンデンサ10を用いて、固体電解コンデンサ素子20を製造する手段は、公知の製造方法により行える。例えば、図2に示すように、陽極(陽極体)21と、グラファイト層及び金属層からなる陰極(陰極体)22との間に、セパレータ23を設けて構成することができる。陽極21は、従来知られた電極を任意に使用することができ、導電性物質を構成素材とする。導電性物質としては、例えば、アルミニウム、ニオブ、タンタル、チタン又はマグネシウムやその他の金属を用いることができ、これらの金属の合金等を用いることもできる。陽極21を構成するこれらの金属は多孔質であってもよい。陽極21はこの構成素材の表面に、金属誘電体酸化膜12を備える。
本実施形態の変更態様として、前記固体電解質層は複数層(少なくとも2層)が備えられていてもよい。例えば、上述の固体電解質層13を第1導電性高分子層(プレコート)とし、その第1導電性高分子層上に第2導電性高分子層が形成されていてもよい。第2導電性高分子層を設けることで、耐湿性が良好となり、電気容量についても高い発現率が得られる。第2導電性高分子の構成素材は、導電性高分子であれば任意であるが、例えばPEDOT(ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン)などを用いてもよい。前記構成素材にPEDOTを用いると、固体電解質層13の導電性及び耐湿性が良好となる。前記構成素材にはこの他に、第1導電性高分子層の素材として上述したような素材を用いてもよい。
よって、誘電体酸化膜上に高導電率の固体電解質層を形成でき、容量発現率が高く、耐湿性が良好な固体電解コンデンサを容易に製造できる。
なお、実施例及び比較例における評価方法は以下の通りである。
導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径は、以下のようにして求めた。
まず、溶媒として超純水を用いて,導電性ポリマー濃度が1質量%の導電性ポリマー溶液を調製し、動的光散乱式粒子径測定装置(日機装株式会社製、「ナノトラックUPA-UT」)を用いて動的光散乱法により導電性ポリマーの粒子分布を測定し、超純水の粘度で補正した。
ここで、得られたピークが1つ以上存在する場合は、粒子径が最小となるピークを含む最小粒子分布の体積平均粒子径を求め、これを導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径とした。
なお、動的光散乱法による粒子分布が1つのピークのみの場合は、超純水の粘度で補正した後、この粒子分布をそのまま最小粒子分布として、導電性ポリマーの体積平均粒子径を求めた。
化合物(B)のpHは、以下のようにして求めた。
まず、溶媒として超純水を用いて、化合物(B)濃度が1mol/Lとなる化合物(B)溶液を調製し、pH測定装置(株式会社堀場製作所社製「LAQUA-F74」)を用いてこの溶液のpHを測定した。
(A-1:ポリ(2-スルホ-5-メトキシ-1,4-イミノフェニレン)の製造)
2-アミノアニソール-4-スルホン酸100mmolを、25℃で100mmolのトリエチルアミンを含む水に攪拌溶解し、ペルオキソ二硫酸アンモニウム100mmolの水溶液を滴下した。滴下終了後、25℃で12時間更に攪拌した後に反応生成物を濾別洗浄した。その後、この反応生成物を乾燥し、粉末状のポリ(2-スルホ-5-メトキシ-1,4-イミノフェニレン)(A-1)15gを得た。
得られた導電性ポリマー(A-1)の体積平均粒子径は0.95nm、体積抵抗値は9.0Ω・cmであった。
また、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)によりポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム換算で求めた導電性ポリマー(A-1)の質量平均分子量は約10000Daであった。
表1に記載の通り、導電性組成物1~12の調製を調整した。
なお、組成物1~8、11及び12は、導電性ポリマー(A-1)が溶媒に溶解したが、組成物9及び10は導電性ポリマー(A-1)にかえて用いたPEDOT(ポリエチレンジオキシチオフェン)が溶媒に溶解せず、分散した。
また、PEDOTの体積平均粒子径については、導電性ポリマー(A-1)と同様にして求めると、26.7nmであった。
(アルミニウム素子の作製)
単位面積あたりの電気容量が95μF/cm2のアルミニウム箔を用い、濃度3質量%のアジピン酸アンモニウム水溶液中で、電圧5.7V、温度70℃の条件で120分間陽極酸化を行い、アルミニウム箔表面に誘電体酸化膜を形成し、アルミニウム素子を得た。
前記アルミニウム素子を、濃度3質量%のアジピン酸アンモニウム水溶液に浸漬させ、LCRメーター(アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社製、「E4980A プレシジョンLCRメーター」)を用い、120Hzでの液中電気容量(最大電気容量(Cw))を測定した。
その結果、最大電気容量(Cw)は94μFであった。
前記アルミニウム素子を、導電性組成物1に5分間浸漬させた。その後、アルミニウム素子を取出し、80℃にて30分間加熱した後、200℃にて10分間の条件で加熱乾燥させて、誘電体酸化膜上に固体電解質層13(誘電体酸化膜の表面からの厚さは10μm程度)を形成した。
ついで、固体電解質層13上にグラファイト層14およびアルミニウム電極(金属層15)を形成し、アルミニウム電極に陰極リード端子を接続し、定格電圧6.3Vである積層型のアルミニウム固体電解コンデンサを作製した。
ここで得られたアルミニウム固体電解コンデンサについて、後述する容量発現率及び耐湿性評価を行った。
前記導電性組成物1の代わりに、前記組成物2~12を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして積層型のアルミニウム固体電解コンデンサを作製した。これらの例についても、後述するように容量発現率及び耐湿性評価を行った。
得られた積層型のアルミニウム固体電解コンデンサについて、LCRメーター(アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社製、「E4980A プレシジョンLCRメーター」)を用い、100kHzでの初期ESRを測定した。
初期ESR測定後、耐湿性試験としてこの積層型のアルミニウム固体電解コンデンサを65℃、95%R.H.雰囲気下、無負荷にて、500時間放置した。
その後上記のLCRメーターを用いて試験後ESRを測定し、耐湿性としてESR変化率(倍)(=(試験後ESR、100kHz)/(初期ESR、100kHz))を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
得られた積層型のアルミニウム固体電解コンデンサについて、LCRメーター(アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社製、「E4980A プレシジョンLCRメーター」)を用い、120Hzでの電気容量(Cs)を測定した。下記式(4)より、積層型のアルミニウム固体電解コンデンサの容量発現率を求めた。結果を表1に示す。ここでCwとは、アルミニウム素子の最大電気容量のことを示し、下記の式(4)による測定法により求めた。
容量発現率(%)=(Cs/Cw)×100・・・(4)
前記導電性ポリマー(A)、前記化合物(B)及び前記水溶性ポリマー(C)を含む導電性組成物を、φ32mmのガラスシャーレに滴下し、80℃にて30分間加熱した後、200℃にて10分間の条件で加熱乾燥させて、導電性組成物層(導電性組成物からなる層)(厚さは10μm程度)を形成し、目視にて導電性組成物層の均質性(層の割れ具合)を評価した。
(評価1:耐湿性評価)
◎:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の1.5倍未満
○:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の1.5倍以上、3.0倍未満
△:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の3.0倍以上、5.0倍未満
×:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の5.0倍以上
(評価2:容量発現率評価)
◎:容量発現率(%)が、80%以上
○:容量発現率(%)が、70%以上、80%未満
×:容量発現率(%)が、70%未満
(◎:very good ○:good △:poor ×:very poor)
一方、粒子径が大きく、分散液である導電性ポリマーを含有する組成物を用いた比較例1、2の場合、誘電体酸化膜の微細な凹凸の内部に含浸しにくいため、容量発現率が低かった。
前記化合物(B)を含有しない導電性組成物を用いた比較例3~6の場合、耐湿性が低下するため、耐湿試験後におけるESRの顕著な上昇が見られた。
また、ヒドロキシ基を3つ以上有するが、pHが高い化合物を含有する比較例5及び6は、実施例と比較すると、耐湿性が低下していた。
<導電性組成物13~16の調整>
表3に記載の通り、導電性組成物13~16を調製した。導電性組成物13~16を、φ32mmのガラスシャーレに滴下し、80℃にて30分間加熱した後、200℃にて10分間の条件で加熱乾燥させて、導電性組成物層(導電性組成物からなる層)(厚さは10μm程度)を形成し、目視にて導電性組成物層の均質性の評価を行った。結果を表4に示す。
(評価1:耐湿性評価)
◎:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の1.5倍未満
○:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の1.5倍以上、3.0倍未満
△:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の3.0倍以上、5.0倍未満
×:耐湿試験後のESR変化が、耐湿試験前の5.0倍以上
(評価2:容量発現率評価)
◎:容量発現率(%)が、80%以上
○:容量発現率(%)が、70%以上、80%未満
×:容量発現率(%)が、70%未満
(評価3:均質性評価)
○:加熱乾燥後の導電性組成物層の表面に割れが生じない
×:加熱乾燥後の導電性組成物層の表面に割れが生じる
(◎:very good ○:good △:poor ×:very poor)
導電性ポリマー(A)、前記化合物(B)及び前記水溶性ポリマー(C)及び溶剤(E)をそれぞれ表5に示すように調整した他は実施例1と同様にして実施例11~15、比較例7~8を作成した。なお表5及び7には、実施例1~10及び比較例1~6についても、溶剤(D)(いずれも水を用いた)の濃度とともにあわせて示した。一層目(第1導電性高分子層)としてプレコート(前処理としての被覆操作)を行い、二層目(第2導電性高分子層)にPEDOTを用いた実施例13~15、比較例7~8については、一層目と二層目に用いた化合物をそれぞれ表6に示す。
11 被膜形成金属
12 誘電体酸化膜
13 固体電解質層
14 グラファイト層
15 金属層
20 固体電解コンデンサ素子
21 陽極
22 陰極
23 セパレータ
24 外部端子
Claims (17)
- 下記条件(i)を満たす導電性ポリマー(A)、および、
下記条件(ii)を満たすヒドロキシ基を3つ以上有する水溶性化合物(B)を含有する導電性組成物。
条件(i): 前記導電性ポリマーを導電性ポリマー溶液の質量全体に対して1質量%含む前記導電性ポリマー溶液を用いて、動的光散乱法により、粒子分布を測定した際に得られる1つ以上のピークのうち、粒子径が最小を示すピークを含む最小粒子分布の体積平均粒子径が26nm未満であること。
条件(ii)1mol/L水溶液のpHが9.0以下であること。 - 前記導電性ポリマー(A)の前記条件(i)における体積平均粒子径が10nm未満である請求項1に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記導電性ポリマー(A)を構成する繰り返し単位の少なくとも一部が、酸性基を有する請求項1に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記導電性ポリマー(A)の前記酸性基が、スルホン酸基又はカルボン酸基である請求項1に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記水溶性化合物(B)の1mol/L水溶液でのpHが7以下である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記水溶性化合物(B)は、水溶性低分子化合物または水溶性高分子化合物で、
前記水溶性低分子化合物は、グリセリン、トリメチロールエタン、ペンタエリスリトール、及びマンニトールから選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物で、
前記水溶性高分子化合物は、ポリビニルアルコール、メチルセルロース及びプルランから選ばれる少なくとも一つの化合物である請求項1に記載の導電性組成物。 - 請求項1に記載の導電性組成物を固体電解質として備える固体電解コンデンサ。
- 下記条件(i)を満たす導電性ポリマー(A)、および
ポリマーを構成する繰り返し単位がアセタール基を有する前記繰り返し単位を含む水溶性ポリマー(C)を含有する導電性組成物。
条件(i):前記導電性ポリマーを溶液の全質量に対して1質量%含む導電性ポリマー溶液について動的光散乱法により粒子分布を測定し、前記測定で得られた1つ以上のピークのうち粒子径が最小を示すピークを含む最小粒子分布を得た際に、前記最少粒子分布に含まれる粒子径の体積平均粒子径が26nm未満であること。 - 前記導電性ポリマー(A)の前記条件(i)における体積平均粒子径が10nm未満である請求項9に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記導電性ポリマー(A)を構成する繰り返し単位が、酸性基を有するものを含む請求項9に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記酸性基が、スルホン酸基又はカルボン酸基である請求項9に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記アセタール基を有する水溶性ポリマー(C)を構成する繰り返し単位にポリビニルアルコール誘導体を含む請求項9に記載の導電性組成物。
- 前記アセタール基を有する水溶性ポリマー(C)のアセタール化度が5~50mol%である請求項9に記載の導電性組成物。
- 請求項9に記載の導電性組成物を含む固体電解質を有する固体電解コンデンサ。
- 導電性物質を構成素材とする陽極体と、前記陽極体の表面に設けられた誘電体被膜と、前記誘電体被膜上に設けられた固体電解質層とを備え、
前記固体電解質層は請求項1又は9に記載の導電性組成物から形成される第1導電性高分子層と、前記第1導電性高分子層上に形成された第2導電性高分子層とを有する固体電解コンデンサ。
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JP (1) | JP6427877B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101794424B1 (ja) |
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JP2017115124A (ja) * | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 導電性材料及び基板 |
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Also Published As
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CN104718588A (zh) | 2015-06-17 |
US20150279502A1 (en) | 2015-10-01 |
US10186343B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
JP6427877B2 (ja) | 2018-11-28 |
TW201425388A (zh) | 2014-07-01 |
KR20150055620A (ko) | 2015-05-21 |
US9852825B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
CN104718588B (zh) | 2018-08-28 |
KR101794424B1 (ko) | 2017-11-06 |
TW201708314A (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
JPWO2014061502A1 (ja) | 2016-09-05 |
TWI613232B (zh) | 2018-02-01 |
US20170263347A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
TWI570155B (zh) | 2017-02-11 |
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