WO2014050964A1 - 固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料 - Google Patents
固体燃料の製造方法及び固体燃料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014050964A1 WO2014050964A1 PCT/JP2013/076058 JP2013076058W WO2014050964A1 WO 2014050964 A1 WO2014050964 A1 WO 2014050964A1 JP 2013076058 W JP2013076058 W JP 2013076058W WO 2014050964 A1 WO2014050964 A1 WO 2014050964A1
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- solid fuel
- bulk density
- pulverized
- woody biomass
- yield
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
- C10L5/08—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting without the aid of extraneous binders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/26—After-treatment of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/28—Heating the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes; Coking the binders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
- C10L5/36—Shape
- C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
- C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
- C10L9/083—Torrefaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/06—Heat exchange, direct or indirect
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a solid fuel obtained by torrefaction of woody biomass.
- biomass refers to a living organism that can be used as an energy source or an industrial raw material, and representative examples are wood, building waste, agricultural waste, and the like.
- biomass is put into a carbonization furnace and heated for a predetermined time in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere to be carbonized to produce a solid fuel.
- the solid fuel thus produced is used as a fuel for combustion facilities such as power generation facilities and incineration facilities.
- the solid fuel may be finely pulverized and used as a finely divided fuel in order to improve combustion efficiency. is there.
- Solid fuel is pulverized singly or mixed with coal, but woody biomass is mostly fibrous among biomass, so pulverization is poor, combustion efficiency decreases, pulverizer operability decreases, etc. There was a problem.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of pulverizing woody biomass such as wood waste, thinned wood, garden wood, building waste, etc. after pyrolyzing at a temperature of 240 ° C to 300 ° C for a time of 15 minutes to 90 minutes. Has been. If the heating temperature is lower than 240 ° C, crushability and pulverization will not be improved. If the heating temperature is higher than 300 ° C, the amount of fine powder on the order of submicron will increase during crushing and pulverization, and powder trouble will easily occur. Therefore, it is not preferable.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a biomass containing cereals, berries and seeds is carbonized by heating it for 30 to 90 minutes at an oxygen concentration of 1 to 5% and a treatment temperature of 350 to 400 ° C. A method for producing a solid fuel having the same is disclosed.
- JP 2006-026474 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-191085
- the carbide produced by the above method has a low material yield and a calorie yield and is not sufficiently pulverizable compared to coal, and is mixed with coal and pulverized for use as a fuel for pulverized coal boilers. Is difficult.
- the present inventors have adjusted the moisture of the pulverized woody biomass to 10 to 50%, and then increased the density to a bulk density of 0.55 g / cm 3 or more. It has been found that a solid fuel having pulverizability equivalent to that of coal can be produced by torrefaction using a pulverized material as a raw material under conditions of an oxygen concentration of 10% or less and a temperature of 170 to 350 ° C.
- this invention includes the following aspects. (1) Adjust the moisture of the pulverized woody biomass to 8 to 50% and increase the density until the bulk density is 0.55 g / cm 3 or more, and then the oxygen concentration is 10% or less and the temperature is 170 to 350 ° C. A method for producing a solid fuel comprising roasting under conditions. (2) The method according to (1), wherein the woody biomass includes bark. (3) The method according to (1) or (2), wherein the hard glove grindability index of the solid fuel is 30 to 70. (4) The method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the baking is performed at 200 to 330 ° C. (5) The method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the moisture of the pulverized woody biomass is adjusted to 8 to 30%.
- the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention has a high substance yield and calorie yield, and also has the same pulverization properties as coal. Therefore, it is high as a fuel for pulverized coal boilers by mixing with coal and pulverizing. It can be used by mixing coal at a ratio.
- woody biomass is used as a raw material.
- Woody biomass includes wood chips, bark, sawdust, sawdust and the like. At present, these woody biomass is not often used and is often discarded.
- the woody biomass in the present invention contains bark.
- a raw material consisting only of bark may be used as the woody biomass raw material.
- the tree species either hardwood or conifer can be used, but conifer is preferable, and cedar bark is preferable.
- the woody biomass uses a pulverized product.
- the pulverized woody biomass is preferably used after being pulverized to a size of 0.1 to 100 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 50 mm.
- the size of the pulverized woody biomass is obtained by sieving according to the size of the circular hole of the sieving device.
- As an apparatus for pulverizing the woody biomass it is preferable to pulverize with a knife cutting type biomass fuel chipper.
- the pulverized woody biomass is densified.
- the densification in the present invention in a preferred embodiment means a treatment for molding a pulverized woody biomass into briquettes or pellets.
- the bulk density can be significantly increased.
- the bulk density of the pulverized woody biomass before densification is about 0.01 g / cm 3 to 0.3 g / cm 3 , but the bulk density after densification is 0.55 g / cm 3 to 1. 0.0 g / cm 3 .
- the bulk density of the pulverized woody biomass after the densification treatment needs to be 0.55 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 0.6 g / cm 3 or more.
- the bulk density is less than 0.55 g / cm 3 , the volume in the grinding chamber of the pulverized coal mill increases when the solid fuel is burned with the fuel as fuel and spills out of the grinding chamber. Since the ratio cannot be increased too much, the effect of the present invention cannot be obtained to the maximum.
- the moisture of the bark pulverized product needs to be 10 to 50%, and it is preferable to adjust the moisture to 10 to 30%. If the water content is less than 10%, clogging occurs inside the briquetter or pelletizer, and a stable molded product cannot be produced. If the water content exceeds 50%, it cannot be molded and is discharged in the form of powder or paste.
- a binder when increasing the density.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but an organic polymer (such as lignin), an inorganic polymer (such as acrylic amide), an agricultural residue (such as bran (residue generated during the production of wheat flour)) and the like are desirable. From the viewpoint of efficiently using bark efficiently, it is desirable that the number of added parts of the binder is small, preferably 0 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0 to 20 parts by weight. However, even if 50 parts by weight or more is added, the density cannot be increased.
- the apparatus for performing the densification treatment is not particularly limited, but a briquetter (made by Kitagawa Iron Works), a ring die type pelletizer (CPM, made by Oike Iron Works), a flat die type pelletizer (made by Dalton) Etc. are desirable.
- torrefaction refers to a process of heating at a relatively low temperature in a low oxygen atmosphere.
- the normal carbonization temperature of wood is 400 to 1200 ° C., but the roasting of the present invention is performed at a lower temperature (170 to 350 ° C.). By performing the roasting, a solid fuel having an energy density higher than that of the starting material can be obtained.
- the baking conditions in the present invention are an oxygen concentration of 10% or less and a temperature of 170 to 350 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably 170 to 340 ° C, more preferably 200 to 330 ° C.
- Hemicellulose is prone to pyrolysis at around 270 ° C, whereas cellulose is prone to pyrolysis at around 355 ° C and lignin is around 365 ° C, so the baking temperature should be 170-350 ° C.
- hemicellulose can be preferentially pyrolyzed to produce a solid fuel that can achieve both material yield and pulverization.
- the apparatus for performing the roasting treatment is not particularly limited, but a rotary kiln or vertical furnace is preferable.
- the inside of the apparatus is preferably replaced with an inert gas such as nitrogen.
- the treatment time is preferably 15 to 180 minutes.
- the solid fuel obtained in the present invention has a material yield of 60 to 90% and a calorific yield of 70 to 95% with respect to the raw woody biomass.
- the hard glove grindability index (HGI) defined in JIS M 8801: 2004, which is an index of grindability, is preferably 30 or more, and more preferably 40 or more. It shows that it becomes easy to grind, so that HGI becomes high.
- HGI is in the range of 30 to 70, it can be mixed with coal and pulverized. Since the HGI of coal is usually 40 to 70, the solid fuel obtained by the present invention has the same pulverizability as coal.
- Example 1 The cedar bark was pulverized with a knife cutting type biomass fuel chipper (manufactured by Midokusan Co., Ltd., Wood hacker MEGA360DL). The bark pulverized product was passed through a 70 mm screen, and then dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes with a dryer to adjust the water content to 12%.
- a knife cutting type biomass fuel chipper manufactured by Midokusan Co., Ltd., Wood
- a ring die having a die hole diameter of 6 mm and a die thickness of 36 mm was used for the bark pulverized product with adjusted water content using a ring die type pelletizer (Oike Iron Works, MIIKE Multipurpose Granulator Pellet Mill SPM-500 type).
- the pellets having a bulk density of 0.60 g / cm 3 were obtained.
- a solid fuel was produced using a large kiln type carbonization furnace. Specifically, it was purged with nitrogen (oxygen concentration of less than 1%) and roasted at a roasting temperature of 310 ° C. and a residence time of 30 minutes to obtain a solid fuel.
- the bulk density was measured according to JIS K 2151 6 “Bulk density test method”.
- Example 2 The water content was adjusted to 10% using the sawdust of the lumber (size of pulverized product: about 7 mm or less) as a raw material. Next, densification treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain pellets with a bulk density of 0.69 g / cm 3 . Subsequently, this pellet was used as a raw material, and roasted in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a solid fuel.
- Example 3 Saw mill cutting shredder dust (size of pulverized product: about 7 mm or less) was used as a raw material, and the moisture was adjusted to 10%. Next, a densification treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain pellets having a bulk density of 0.68 g / cm 3 . Subsequently, this pellet was used as a raw material, and roasted in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a solid fuel.
- Example 4 The lumber planar powder (size of pulverized product: about 5 mm or less) was used as a raw material, and the water content was adjusted to 10%. Next, densification treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain pellets with a bulk density of 0.69 g / cm 3 . Subsequently, this pellet was used as a raw material, and roasted in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a solid fuel.
- Comparative Example 1 The cedar bark was pulverized with a hammer mill (PROGRIND 1500T, manufactured by Prrsident Husky Corporetion). The bark pulverized product (water content: about 55%) was passed through a 100 mm screen and then subjected to a densification treatment in the same manner as in Example 1 without adjusting the water content. A powder of 078 g / cm 3 was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 The cedar bark (unground) used in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was used as the solid fuel sample of Comparative Example 2.
- Example 1 when a solid fuel is produced using woody biomass adjusted to a moisture content of 8 to 50% and densified to a bulk density of 0.55 g / cm 3 or more (Examples 1 to 4) There was no clogging of the rotary valve at the inlet of the carbonization furnace or clogging of the cyclone after drying.
- the solid fuels of Examples 1 to 4 manufactured by roasting had high substance yields and calorie yields, and the hard globe grindability index (HGI) was in the range of 30 to 70, and the grindability was good. .
- HGI hard globe grindability index
- Comparative Example 1 using a raw material with a bulk density of less than 0.5 g / cm 3 , clogging of the rotary valve at the inlet of the carbonization furnace and clogging of the cyclone after drying occurred, and solid fuel could not be produced.
- the untreated bark of Comparative Example 2 had an HGI of less than 30 and was inferior in grindability.
Abstract
Description
(1) 木質系バイオマス粉砕物の水分を8~50%に調整し、嵩密度が0.55g/cm3以上になるまで高密度化した後、酸素濃度10%以下かつ温度170~350℃の条件下で焙焼することを含む、固体燃料の製造方法。
(2) 木質系バイオマスが、樹皮を含む、(1)に記載の方法。
(3) 固体燃料のハードグローブ粉砕性指数が30~70である、(1)または(2)に記載の方法。
(4) 200~330℃で焙焼する、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(5) 木質系バイオマス粉砕物の水分を8~30%に調整する、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(6) 固体燃料が、石炭と混燃させるための固体燃料である、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(7) 木質系バイオマス粉砕物の水分を8~50%に調整し、嵩密度が0.55g/cm3以上になるまで高密度化した後、酸素濃度10%以下かつ温度170~350℃の条件下で焙焼することよって得られる固体燃料。
(8) 物質収率が60~90%、熱量収率が70~95%、ハードグローブ粉砕性指数(HGI)が30~70である、木質バイオマスを焙焼させて得られる固体燃料。
杉の樹皮をナイフ切削型バイオマス燃料用チッパー(緑産社製、Wood Hacker MEGA360DL)にて粉砕処理した。樹皮粉砕物を70mmのスクリーンに通した後、乾燥機で120℃、10分間乾燥処理を行って、水分を12%に調整した。
製材のサンダーダスト(粉砕物のサイズ:約7mm以下)を原料として、水分を10%に調整した。次いで、実施例1と同様にして高密度化処理を行って、嵩密度0.69g/cm3のペレットを得た。続いてこのペレットを原料として、実施例1と同様にして焙焼を行って固体燃料を得た。
製材断裁シュレッダーダスト(粉砕物のサイズ:約7mm以下)を原料として、水分を10%に調整した。次いで、実施例1と同様にして高密度化処理を行って、嵩密度0.68g/cm3のペレットを得た。続いてこのペレットを原料として、実施例1と同様にして焙焼を行って固体燃料を得た。
製材プレーナ粉(粉砕物のサイズ:約5mm以下)を原料として、水分を10%に調整した。次いで、実施例1と同様にして高密度化処理を行って、嵩密度0.69g/cm3のペレットを得た。続いてこのペレットを原料として、実施例1と同様にして焙焼を行って固体燃料を得た。
杉の樹皮をハンマーミル(Prrsident Husky Corporetion製、PROGRIND 1500T)にて粉砕処理した。樹皮粉砕物(水分含量:約55%)を100mmのスクリーンに通した後、水分調整を行わずに実施例1と同様にして高密度化処理を行ったが上手く成型できず、嵩密度0.078g/cm3の粉体が得られた。
実施例1および比較例1で用いた杉の樹皮(未粉砕)を、比較例2の固体燃料試料とした。
実施例1~4、比較例2で得られた固体燃料について、下記の項目を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
・物質収率:焙焼前後の試料の重量から計算した。
・熱量収率:焙焼前後の試料を島津燃研式自動ボンベ熱量計CA-4PJにて測定した発熱量から計算した。
・粉砕性:試料をボールミルで200rpm、4分間粉砕し、200メッシュをパスしたものの重量を測定し、粉砕性を評価した。石炭の粉砕性の指標であるハードグローブ粉砕性指数(HGI、JIS M 8801:2004)の値から換算して、固体燃料試料のHGIとした。なお、HGIが小さいほど、試料が粉砕しにくいことを意味する。
Claims (8)
- 木質系バイオマス粉砕物の水分を8~50%に調整し、嵩密度が0.55g/cm3以上になるまで高密度化した後、酸素濃度10%以下かつ温度170~350℃の条件下で焙焼することを含む、固体燃料の製造方法。
- 木質系バイオマスが、樹皮を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 固体燃料のハードグローブ粉砕性指数が30~70である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 200~330℃で焙焼する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 木質系バイオマス粉砕物の水分を8~30%に調整する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 固体燃料が、石炭と混燃させるための固体燃料である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 木質系バイオマス粉砕物の水分を8~50%に調整し、嵩密度が0.55g/cm3以上になるまで高密度化した後、酸素濃度10%以下かつ温度170~350℃の条件下で焙焼することよって得られる固体燃料。
- 物質収率が60~90%、熱量収率が70~95%、ハードグローブ粉砕性指数(HGI)が30~70である、木質バイオマスを焙焼させて得られる固体燃料。
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BR112015006734A2 (pt) | 2017-07-04 |
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