WO2014042139A1 - 酸化物焼結体およびスパッタリングターゲット - Google Patents
酸化物焼結体およびスパッタリングターゲット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014042139A1 WO2014042139A1 PCT/JP2013/074340 JP2013074340W WO2014042139A1 WO 2014042139 A1 WO2014042139 A1 WO 2014042139A1 JP 2013074340 W JP2013074340 W JP 2013074340W WO 2014042139 A1 WO2014042139 A1 WO 2014042139A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxide sintered body used when a thin film transistor (TFT) oxide semiconductor thin film used for a display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display is formed by a sputtering method, and a sputtering target. .
- TFT thin film transistor
- An amorphous (amorphous) oxide semiconductor used for a TFT has a higher carrier mobility than a general-purpose amorphous silicon (a-Si), has a large optical band gap, and can be formed at a low temperature. Therefore, it is expected to be applied to next-generation displays that require large size, high resolution, and high-speed driving, and resin substrates with low heat resistance.
- a-Si general-purpose amorphous silicon
- As an oxide semiconductor composition suitable for these uses for example, an In-containing amorphous oxide semiconductor [In—Ga—Zn—O (IGZO) or the like] has been proposed.
- a sputtering method of sputtering a sputtering target (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “target material”) made of the same material as the film is preferably used.
- target material a sputtering target made of the same material as the film.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for suppressing abnormal discharge by reducing the average crystal grain size of crystal grains of an ITO target.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for improving the electrical conductivity of a target material and suppressing abnormal discharge during sputtering by annealing an In—Zn—O-based composite oxide in a reducing atmosphere after sintering. Proposed.
- the sputtering target used for manufacturing the oxide semiconductor film for a display device, and the oxide sintered body that is a material thereof are desired to have a composition corresponding to the required high carrier mobility. Considering productivity and manufacturing costs, it is also important to further suppress abnormal discharge (arcing) in the sputtering process. To that end, improvement of the target material and the oxide sintered body that is the material is required. It has been.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an oxide sintered body and a sputtering target that can stably form a film by a sputtering method while suppressing abnormal discharge.
- the present invention provides the following oxide sintered body and sputtering target.
- An oxide sintered body obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide, The relative density of the oxide sintered body is 85% or more, When the oxide sintered body is subjected to X-ray diffraction, the volume ratio of the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase to the InGaZnO 4 phase satisfies the following formulas (1) to (3), respectively. Union.
- the ratios (atomic%) of zinc, indium, gallium, and tin to all metal elements contained in the oxide sintered body are [Zn], [In], [Ga], and [Sn], respectively.
- ⁇ 4> The oxide sintered body according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein a volume ratio of the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase to the InGaZnO 4 phase satisfies the following formula (1 ′).
- ⁇ 7> The oxide sintered body according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein an average crystal grain size of the oxide sintered body is 30 ⁇ m or less.
- ⁇ 8> The oxide sintered body according to ⁇ 7>, wherein an average crystal grain size of the oxide sintered body is 3 ⁇ m or more.
- ⁇ 9> A sputtering target obtained using the oxide sintered body according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein the specific resistance is 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- an oxide sintered body capable of suppressing abnormal discharge in the formation of an oxide semiconductor film and capable of stable film formation by a sputtering method, and a sputtering target.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic process for producing an oxide sintered body and a sputtering target of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of a sintering process used in the production method of the present invention.
- the inventors of the present invention can form an oxide semiconductor film that can stably form a film for a long time by suppressing abnormal discharge during sputtering, and has high carrier mobility. In order to provide an oxide sintered body for a sputtering target suitable for the above, studies have been repeated.
- an oxide sintered body containing zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide has a ratio of Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase with respect to the phase structure when X-ray diffraction is performed. It has been found out that there is an effect of suppressing abnormal discharge during sputtering by controlling, and (b) the effect of suppressing the occurrence of abnormal discharge during sputtering can be further improved by increasing the relative density.
- the oxide sintered body according to the present invention is an oxide sintered body (IGZTO) obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide.
- IGZTO oxide sintered body obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide.
- the formed oxide semiconductor film tends to exhibit higher carrier mobility and higher etching resistance.
- an oxide semiconductor film having higher carrier mobility can be formed while suppressing abnormal discharge during sputtering. Can do.
- the present invention is characterized in that when the oxide sintered body is subjected to X-ray diffraction, a main phase containing a Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and an InGaZnO 4 phase in a predetermined ratio is used.
- the X-ray diffraction conditions in the present invention are as follows.
- Analysis device “X-ray diffractometer RINT-1500” manufactured by Rigaku Corporation Analysis conditions
- Target Cu
- Monochromatic Uses a monochrome mate (K ⁇ )
- Target output 40kV-200mA (Continuous firing measurement) ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scanning Slit: Divergence 1/2 °, Scattering 1/2 °, Received light 0.15 mm
- Monochromator light receiving slit 0.6mm Scanning speed: 2 ° / min
- Sampling width 0.02 ° Measurement angle (2 ⁇ ): 5 to 90 °
- a compound phase having a crystal structure described in an ICDD (International Center for Diffraction Data) card is specified.
- the correspondence between each compound phase and the card number is as follows.
- m in the (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase is an integer of 2 to 5.
- the reason why m is defined is that ZnO exhibits an arbitrary ratio in relation to In 2 O 3 in a compound in which a ZnO phase and an In 2 O 3 phase are combined.
- the Zn 2 SnO 4 compound (phase) is formed by bonding ZnO and SnO 2 constituting the oxide sintered body of the present invention.
- the InGaZnO 4 compound (phase) is an oxide formed by combining In, Ga, and Zn constituting the oxide sintered body of the present invention.
- the above compound greatly contributes to the improvement of the relative density of the oxide sintered body and the reduction of the specific resistance. As a result, a stable direct current discharge is continuously obtained, and the abnormal discharge suppression effect is improved.
- the present invention includes the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase as a main phase.
- the “main phase” means a compound having the highest ratio among all the compounds in which the total ratio of the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and the InGaZnO 4 phase is detected by the X-ray diffraction.
- the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase of the present invention include those in which In, Ga and / or Sn are dissolved in Zn 2 SnO 4 and InGaZnO 4 , respectively.
- the compound phase (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase, InGaZnO 4 phase, In 2 O 3 phase, SnO 2 phase, and (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase) (m is an integer of 2 or more and 5 or less), the volume ratio of Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase is (1 ) To (3) must be satisfied.
- ratio (1) [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] + [InGaZnO 4 ] ratio ((Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase) / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + In 2 O 3 phase + SnO 2 phase + (ZnO)) m In 2 O 3 phase; hereinafter referred to as ratio (1)) ⁇ 75% by volume (hereinafter, “volume%” of each phase is simply expressed as “%”)
- the ratio (1) becomes small, the abnormal discharge occurrence rate becomes high, so it is necessary to set it to 75% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more.
- the upper limit is preferably as high as possible. For example, it may be 100%, but it is preferably 95% or less, more preferably 90% or less from the viewpoint of ease of production.
- Ratio (referred to as (2): [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] ratio (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + In 2 O 3 phase + SnO 2 phase + (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase)); Ratio (referred to as (2)) ⁇ 30% Even if the ratio (1) is satisfied, if the ratio (2) is small, the effect of suppressing abnormal discharge may not be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, the ratio needs to be 30% or more, preferably 40% or more. Preferably it is 50% or more, More preferably, it is 55% or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 90% or less, more preferably 80% or less, and still more preferably 70% or less from the viewpoint of securing the InGaZnO 4 phase.
- ratio (3) [InGaZnO 4 ] ratio (InGaZnO 4 phase / (Zn 2 SnO 4 phase + InGaZnO 4 phase + In 2 O 3 phase + SnO 2 phase + (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase); hereinafter, ratio (3) ⁇ 10% Even if the ratio (1) and / or the ratio (2) is satisfied, if the ratio (3) is small, the relative density cannot be increased, and the abnormal discharge suppression effect may not be sufficiently obtained. It is necessary to make it 10% or more, preferably 12% or more, more preferably 15% or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 60% or less from the viewpoint of securing the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase, and more preferably 30% or less, and further preferably 25% or less from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture. It is.
- the compound phase of the oxide sintered body of the present invention is substantially composed of Zn 2 SnO 4 phase, InGaZnO 4 phase, In 2 O 3 phase, SnO 2 phase, and (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase (m is 2 The integer of 5 or less is desirable, and the ratio of these compound phases in all compound phases is preferably 75% or more.
- the In 2 O 3 phase, the SnO 2 phase, and the (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase (m is an integer of 2 or more and 5 or less) may not be included.
- compound phases that can be contained include 25% or less of InGaZn 2 O 5 phase, ZnGa 2 O 4 phase, (ZnO) m In 2 O 3 phase (m is an integer of 6 or more), which are inevitably produced in production. May be included. Of these compound phases, the InGaZn 2 O 5 phase is preferably not included. In addition, the ratio of the compound phase produced
- the relative density of the oxide sintered body of the present invention is 85% or more. Increasing the relative density of the oxide sintered body not only can further improve the effect of suppressing the occurrence of abnormal discharge, but also provides advantages such as maintaining stable discharge continuously until the target life. In order to obtain such an effect, the oxide sintered body of the present invention needs to have a relative density of at least 85%, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more. Further, the relative density is preferably 110% or less, and more preferably 105% or less. The relative density of the oxide sintered body is determined by the Archimedes method.
- the ratio of the content (atomic%) of each metal element (zinc, indium, gallium, tin) to the total metal elements excluding oxygen contained in the oxide sintered body is [Zn], [In], respectively. , [Ga] and [Sn], it is desirable to satisfy the following formulas (4) to (6).
- [Zn] means the Zn content (atomic%; hereinafter referred to as “atomic%”) of all metal elements excluding oxygen (O) (Zn, In, Ga, and Sn). Is simply written as “%”).
- [In], [Ga], and [Sn] are ratios of respective contents of In, Ga, and Sn to all metal elements (Zn, In, Ga, and Sn) excluding oxygen (O) ( Atom%).
- the above formula (4) defines the Zn ratio ([Zn]) in all metal elements, and the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase and InGaZnO 4 phase are mainly contained in the predetermined ratios (1) to ( This is set from the viewpoint of controlling to 3). If the amount of [Zn] is too small, it becomes difficult to satisfy the ratios (1) to (3) of the compound phase, and the effect of suppressing abnormal discharge cannot be sufficiently obtained. Therefore, [Zn] is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 42% or more. On the other hand, if [Zn] becomes too high, the ratio of In, Ga, and Sn is relatively lowered, and the desired compound phase ratio cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 48% or less. It is.
- the above formula (5) defines the sum of the In ratio and the Ga ratio in all metal elements ([In] + [Ga]), and the InGaZnO 4 phase is mainly composed of the predetermined ratio (1), This is set from the viewpoint of controlling in (3). If the amount of [In] + [Ga] is too small, it will be difficult to satisfy the compound phase ratios (1) and (3). Therefore, [In] + [Ga] is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 32% or more. On the other hand, when [In] + [Ga] is excessively large, the ratio (2) of the compound phase is relatively decreased, and therefore it is preferably 45% or less, more preferably 43% or less.
- [In] is preferably 4% or more, and more preferably 5% or more. If the amount of [In] is too small, the effect of improving the relative density of the oxide sintered body and the reduction of the specific resistance cannot be achieved, and the carrier mobility of the oxide semiconductor film after film formation also decreases.
- [Ga] is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more. If the amount of [Ga] is too small, the ratio (3) of the compound phase may be relatively lowered.
- the above formula (6) defines the Sn ratio ([Sn]) in all metal elements, and is mainly a viewpoint for controlling the Zn 2 SnO 4 phase to the predetermined ratios (1) and (2). Is set from If the amount of [Sn] is too small, it may be difficult to satisfy the ratios (1) and (2) of the compound phase, so the content is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 16% or more. On the other hand, when the amount of [Sn] is too large, the ratio (3) of the compound phase is relatively lowered, and therefore it is preferably 25% or less, more preferably 22% or less.
- the content of the metal element is only required to be controlled within the above range, and the oxide sintered body of the present invention may include an oxide inevitably generated in production.
- the average crystal grain size of the oxide sintered body crystal grains In order to further enhance the effect of suppressing abnormal discharge, it is desirable to reduce the average crystal grain size of the oxide sintered body crystal grains. Specifically, a fracture surface of an oxide sintered body (or a sputtering target using the oxide sintered body) (the oxide sintered body is cut in the thickness direction at an arbitrary position, and an arbitrary surface of the cut surface is obtained.
- the occurrence of abnormal discharge can be further suppressed by setting the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains observed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) at the position to preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- a more preferable average crystal grain size is 25 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average crystal grain size is not particularly limited, but if the crystal grains are made too fine, the relative density may decrease. is there.
- the average grain size of the crystal grains is determined by observing the fracture surface structure of the oxide sintered body (or sputtering target) with an SEM (magnification: 400 times) and drawing a straight line having a length of 100 ⁇ m in any direction.
- the number (N) of crystal grains contained therein is obtained, and the value calculated from [100 / N] is taken as the average crystal grain size on the straight line.
- 20 straight lines are created at intervals of 20 ⁇ m or more to calculate “average crystal grain size on each straight line”, and further calculated from [sum of average crystal grain size on each straight line / 20]. The value is defined as the average grain size of the crystal grains.
- the sputtering target obtained using the oxide sintered body of the present invention has a specific resistance of 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, preferably 10 ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and further preferably Is characterized by 10 ⁇ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance of the sputtering target is preferably 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, more preferably 10 ⁇ 6 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, and further preferably 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the specific resistance of the sputtering target is determined by the four probe method.
- the oxide sintered body of the present invention is obtained by mixing and sintering zinc oxide, indium oxide, gallium oxide, and tin oxide, and the sputtering target is obtained by processing the oxide sintered body.
- Fig. 1 shows oxide powder obtained by (a) mixing and grinding ⁇ (b) drying and granulation ⁇ (c) preforming ⁇ (d) degreasing ⁇ (e) atmospheric sintering. The basic process until the sputtering target is obtained by bonding (f) processing ⁇ (g) the bonded body is shown.
- the present invention is characterized in that the sintering conditions are appropriately controlled as will be described in detail below, and the other steps are not particularly limited, and usually used steps can be appropriately selected. .
- this invention is not the meaning limited to this.
- zinc oxide powder, indium oxide powder, gallium oxide powder, and tin oxide powder are mixed in a predetermined ratio, mixed and pulverized.
- the purity of each raw material powder used is preferably about 99.99% or more. This is because the presence of a trace amount of impurity elements may impair the semiconductor characteristics of the oxide semiconductor film.
- the blending ratio of each raw material powder is preferably controlled so that the ratio is within the above-described range.
- the mixing / pulverization is preferably performed by using a ball mill and adding the raw material powder together with water.
- the balls and beads used in these steps are preferably made of materials such as nylon, alumina, zirconia, and the like.
- a binder or a binder may be mixed in order to ensure the ease of the subsequent molding process.
- preforming is performed.
- the powder after drying and granulation is filled in a mold having a predetermined size, and preformed by a mold press. Since this preforming is performed for the purpose of improving the handleability during setting, a compact may be formed by applying a pressing force of about 0.5 to 1.0 tonf / cm 2 .
- molding main molding is performed with CIP (cold isostatic pressure). In order to increase the relative density of the sintered body, the pressure during molding is preferably controlled to about 1 tonf / cm 2 or more.
- the heating conditions are not particularly limited as long as the purpose of degreasing can be achieved.
- the heating conditions may be maintained at about 500 ° C. in the atmosphere for about 5 hours.
- the compact After degreasing, the compact is set in a graphite mold having a desired shape and (e) sintered by atmospheric sintering.
- sintering is preferably performed at a sintering temperature of 1350 to 1600 ° C. and a holding time at the temperature of 1 to 50 hours (FIG. 2).
- a compound phase satisfying the above ratios (1) to (3) can be obtained.
- the sintering temperature is low, it cannot be sufficiently densified and the effect of suppressing abnormal discharge cannot be obtained.
- the sintering temperature becomes too high, the crystal grains become coarse, the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains cannot be controlled within a predetermined range, and abnormal discharge cannot be suppressed.
- the sintering temperature is preferably 1350 ° C. or higher, more preferably 1400 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 1500 ° C. or higher, preferably 1600 ° C. or lower, more preferably 1550 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 1500 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time at the sintering temperature is preferably 1 hour or longer, more preferably 8 hours or longer, still more preferably 12 hours or longer, preferably 50 hours or shorter, more preferably 40 hours or shorter, still more preferably 30 hours or shorter.
- the average heating rate (HR) up to the sintering temperature is 100 ° C./hr or less.
- HR average heating rate
- the average heating rate exceeds 100 ° C./hr, abnormal growth of crystal grains occurs.
- the relative density may not be sufficiently increased.
- a more preferable average heating rate is 80 ° C./hr or less, and further preferably 50 ° C./hr or less.
- the lower limit of the average heating rate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 ° C./hr or more, more preferably 20 ° C./hr or more from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the sintering atmosphere is preferably an oxygen gas atmosphere (for example, an air atmosphere) and an atmosphere under an oxygen gas pressure.
- the pressure of the atmospheric gas is preferably atmospheric pressure in order to suppress evaporation of zinc oxide having a high vapor pressure.
- the oxide sintered body obtained as described above has a relative density of 85% or more.
- the sputtering target of the present invention is obtained by performing (f) processing ⁇ (g) bonding by a conventional method.
- the specific resistance of the sputtering target thus obtained is also very good, and the specific resistance is generally 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the molded body thus obtained was heated to 500 ° C. under atmospheric pressure at normal pressure and held at that temperature for 5 hours for degreasing.
- the molded body thus obtained was set in a sintering furnace and sintered under the conditions (A to F) shown in Table 3.
- the obtained sintered body was machined to finish ⁇ 100 ⁇ t5 mm, and bonded to a Cu backing plate to produce a sputtering target.
- the sputtering target thus obtained was attached to a sputtering apparatus, and an oxide semiconductor film was formed on a glass substrate (size: 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 0.50 mm) by a DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering method.
- the sputtering conditions were a DC sputtering power of 150 W, an Ar / 0.1 volume% O 2 atmosphere, and a pressure of 0.8 mTorr.
- a thin film transistor having a channel length of 10 ⁇ m and a channel width of 100 ⁇ m was manufactured using a thin film formed under these conditions.
- the relative density was calculated by Archimedes method after sputtering after removing the target from the backing plate and polishing. A relative density of 85% or more was evaluated as acceptable (see “relative density (%)” in Table 4).
- the relative density is a percentage value obtained by dividing the density (g / cm 3 ) measured by the Archimedes method by the theoretical density ⁇ (g / cm 3 ), and the theoretical density ⁇ is calculated as follows.
- W 1 ZnO compounding amount [wt%]
- W 2 In 2 O 3 compounding amount [wt%]
- W 3 Ga 2 O 3 compounding amount [wt%]
- W 4 SnO 2 The blending amount of [wt%].
- the specific resistance of the sintered body was measured by the four-terminal method for the produced sputtering target.
- the specific resistance evaluated 1 ohm * cm or less as the pass.
- the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains is determined by the SEM (magnification: 400) of the structure of the oxide sintered body fracture surface (the oxide sintered body is cut in the thickness direction at an arbitrary position and the cut surface has an arbitrary position). And draw a straight line having a length of 100 ⁇ m in an arbitrary direction to obtain the number (N) of crystal grains included in the straight line, and calculate a value calculated from [100 / N] on the straight line. Average grain size. Similarly, 20 straight lines are created at intervals of 20 to 30 ⁇ m, the average crystal grain size on each straight line is calculated, and the value calculated from [sum of average crystal grain size on each straight line / 20] is further calculated. The average grain size of the crystal grains was used. The crystal grains were evaluated as having passed an average crystal grain size of 30 ⁇ m or less (see “Average grain size ( ⁇ m)” in Table 4).
- Compound phase ratio The ratio of each compound phase was determined by removing the target from the backing plate after sputtering, cutting out a 10 mm square test piece, and measuring the intensity of the diffraction line by X-ray diffraction.
- Analysis device “X-ray diffractometer RINT-1500” manufactured by Rigaku Corporation Analysis conditions: Target: Cu Monochromatic: Uses a monochrome mate (K ⁇ ) Target output: 40kV-200mA (Continuous firing measurement) ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scanning Slit: Divergence 1/2 °, Scattering 1/2 °, Received light 0.15 mm Monochromator light receiving slit: 0.6mm Scanning speed: 2 ° / min Sampling width: 0.02 ° Measurement angle (2 ⁇ ): 5 to 90 °
- the peak of each compound phase shown in Table 1 was identified based on an ICDD (International Center for Diffraction Data) card, and the height of the diffraction peak was measured. As these peaks, peaks having high diffraction intensity in the compound phase and overlapping with peaks of other compound phases were selected as much as possible.
- the measured values of the peak height at the designated peak of each compound phase are I [Zn 2 SnO 4 ], I [InGaZnO 4 ], I [InGaZn 2 O 5 ], I [In 2 O 3 ], and I [SnO 2, respectively.
- the ratio of the compound phase was [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] of 30% or more, [InGaZnO 4 ] of 10% or more, and [Zn 2 SnO 4 ] + [InGaZnO 4 ] of 75% or more was evaluated as acceptable. (See “A”, “B”, and “A + B” in Table 4).
- the sintered body is processed into a shape having a diameter of 4 inches and a thickness of 5 mm, and bonded to a backing plate to obtain a sputtering target.
- the sputtering target thus obtained is attached to a sputtering apparatus, and DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering is performed.
- the sputtering conditions are a DC sputtering power of 150 W, an Ar / 0.1 volume% O 2 atmosphere, and a pressure of 0.8 mTorr. At this time, the number of occurrences of arcing per 100 minutes was counted, and the number of occurrences of arcing was evaluated as 2 or less (see “Abnormal Discharge Count” in Table 4).
- no. 4 is an example in which the holding time t in the sintering process deviates from the definition of the present invention, the relative density of the sintered body is low, and the volume ratio of the compound phase ([Zn 2 SnO 4 ] phase + [InGaZnO 4 ] phase) The number of abnormal discharges was large. No.
- an oxide sintered body capable of suppressing abnormal discharge in the formation of an oxide semiconductor film and capable of stable film formation by a sputtering method, and a sputtering target.
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Abstract
Description
<1> 酸化亜鉛と;酸化インジウムと;酸化ガリウムと;酸化錫を混合および焼結して得られる酸化物焼結体であって、
前記酸化物焼結体の相対密度が85%以上であり、
前記酸化物焼結体をX線回折したとき、Zn2SnO4相とInGaZnO4相の体積比がそれぞれ下記式(1)~(3)を満足するものであることを特徴とする酸化物焼結体。
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≧75体積%・・・(1)
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≧30体積%・・・(2)
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≧10体積%・・・(3)
(式中、mは2以上5以下の整数を表す。)
40原子%≦[Zn]≦50原子%・・・(4)
30原子%≦([In]+[Ga])≦45原子%・・・(5)
(ただし、[In]は4原子%以上、[Ga]は5原子%以上)
15原子%≦[Sn]≦25原子%・・・(6)
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≦100体積%・・・(1‘)
<5> 前記Zn2SnO4相の体積比が下記式(2‘)を満足する<1>~<4>のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物焼結体。
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≦90体積%・・・(2‘)
<6> 前記InGaZnO4相の体積比が下記式(3‘)を満足する<1>~<5>のいずれか一つに記載の酸化物焼結体。
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≦60体積%・・・(3‘)
<8> 前記酸化物焼結体の平均結晶粒径が3μm以上である<7>に記載の酸化物焼結体。
<10> 前記比抵抗が10-7Ω・cm以上である<9>に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
分析条件
ターゲット:Cu
単色化:モノクロメートを使用(Kα)
ターゲット出力:40kV-200mA
(連続焼測定)θ/2θ走査
スリット:発散1/2°、散乱1/2°、受光0.15mm
モノクロメータ受光スリット:0.6mm
走査速度:2°/min
サンプリング幅:0.02°
測定角度(2θ):5~90°
Zn2SnO4相:24-1470
InGaZnO4相:38-1104
In2O3相:06-0416
SnO2相:41-1445
(ZnO)mIn2O3相:20-1442(m=2)、20-1439(m=3)、20-1438(m=4)、20-1440(m=5)
なお、(ZnO)mIn2O3相のmは2~5の整数である。mを規定したのはZnO相とIn2O3相が結合した化合物において、ZnOがIn2O3との関係で任意の比率を示すためである。
Zn2SnO4化合物(相)は、本発明の酸化物焼結体を構成するZnOとSnO2が結合して形成されるものである。またInGaZnO4化合物(相)は、本発明の酸化物焼結体を構成するInとGaとZnが結合して形成される酸化物である。発明において上記化合物は、酸化物焼結体の相対密度の向上と比抵抗の低減に大きく寄与するものである。その結果、安定した直流放電が継続して得られ、異常放電抑制効果が向上する。
比率(1)が小さくなると異常放電発生率が高くなるため、75%以上とする必要があり、好ましくは80%以上、より好ましくは85%以上である。一方、上限については、性能上は高いほどよく、例えば100%であってもよいが、製造容易性の観点から好ましくは95%以下、より好ましくは90%以下である。
上記比率(1)を満足していても比率(2)が小さいと、異常放電抑制効果が十分に得られないことがあるため、30%以上とする必要があり、好ましくは40%以上、より好ましくは50%以上、更に好ましくは55%以上である。一方、上限については特に限定されないが、InGaZnO4相を確保する観点から好ましくは90%以下、より好ましくは80%以下、更に好ましくは70%以下である。
上記比率(1)および/または比率(2)を満足していても比率(3)が小さいと、相対密度を高めることができず、異常放電抑制効果が十分に得られないことがあるため、10%以上とする必要があり、好ましくは12%以上、より好ましくは15%以上である。一方、上限については特に限定されないが、Zn2SnO4相を確保する観点から好ましくは60%以下であり、また製造容易性の観点からは、より好ましくは30%以下、更に好ましくは25%以下である。
酸化物焼結体の相対密度はアルキメデス法により求められるものである。
40原子%≦[Zn]≦50原子%・・・(4)
30原子%≦([In]+[Ga])≦45原子%・・・(5)
(ただし、[In]は4原子%以上、[Ga]は5原子%以上)
15原子%≦[Sn]≦25原子%・・・(6)
スパッタリングターゲットの比抵抗は四端子法により求められるものである。
純度99.99%の酸化インジウム粉末(In2O3)、純度99.99%の酸化亜鉛粉末(ZnO)、純度99.99%の酸化ガリウム粉末(Ga2O3)、純度99.99%の酸化錫粉末(SnO2)を表2に示す比率で配合し、水と分散剤(ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム)を加えてジルコニアボールミルで24時間混合した。次に、上記工程で得られた混合粉末を乾燥して造粒を行った。
このようにして得られたスパッタリングターゲットをスパッタリング装置に取り付け、DC(直流)マグネトロンスパッタリング法で、ガラス基板(サイズ:100mm×100mm×0.50mm)上に、酸化物半導体膜を形成した。スパッタリング条件は、DCスパッタリングパワー150W、Ar/0.1体積%O2雰囲気、圧力0.8mTorrとした。さらにこの条件で成膜した薄膜を使用して、チャネル長10μm、チャネル幅100μmの薄膜トランジスタを作製した。
相対密度は、スパッタリング後、ターゲットをバッキングプレートから取り外して研磨し、アルキメデス法により算出した。相対密度は85%以上を合格と評価した(表4中、「相対密度(%)」参照)。
なお、相対密度は、アルキメデス法により測定した密度(g/cm3)を理論密度ρ(g/cm3)で割った百分率の値であり、理論密度ρは以下のように計算される。
焼結体の比抵抗は、上記製作したスパッタリングターゲットについて四端子法により測定した。比抵抗は1Ω・cm以下を合格と評価した。
結晶粒の平均結晶粒径は、酸化物焼結体破断面(酸化物焼結体を任意の位置で厚み方向に切断し、その切断面表面の任意の位置)の組織をSEM(倍率:400倍)で観察し、任意の方向に100μmの長さの直線を引き、この直線内に含まれる結晶粒の数(N)を求め、[100/N]から算出される値を当該直線上での平均結晶粒径とした。同様に20~30μmの間隔で直線を20本作成して各直線上での平均結晶粒径を算出し、更に[各直線上での平均結晶粒径の合計/20]から算出される値を結晶粒の平均結晶粒径とした。結晶粒は平均結晶粒径30μm以下を合格と評価した(表4中、「平均粒径(μm)参照」)。
各化合物相の比率は、スパッタリング後、ターゲットをバッキングプレートから取り外して10mm角の試験片を切出し、X線回折で回折線の強度を測定して求めた。
分析条件:
ターゲット:Cu
単色化:モノクロメートを使用(Kα)
ターゲット出力:40kV-200mA
(連続焼測定)θ/2θ走査
スリット:発散1/2°、散乱1/2°、受光0.15mm
モノクロメータ受光スリット:0.6mm
走査速度:2°/min
サンプリング幅:0.02°
測定角度(2θ):5~90°
[Zn2SnO4]+[InGaZnO4]=(I[Zn2SnO4]+I[InGaZnO4])/(I[Zn2SnO4]+I[InGaZnO4]+I[In2O3]+I[SnO2]+I[(ZnO)mIn2O3])×100・・・(1)
[Zn2SnO4]=I[Zn2SnO4]/(I[Zn2SnO4]+I[InGaZnO4]+I[In2O3]+I[SnO2]+I[(ZnO)mIn2O3])×100・・・(2)
[InGaZnO4]=I[InGaZnO4]/(I[Zn2SnO4]+I[InGaZnO4]+I[In2O3]+I[SnO2]+I[(ZnO)mIn2O3])×100・・・(3)
なお、m=2,3,4の(ZnO)mIn2O3相のピークはいずれの試料においても無視できる程度であったため、I[(ZnO)5In2O3]をI[(ZnO)mIn2O3]とした。また、上記以外の化合物相のピークもほとんど観察されなかった。
上記焼結体を直径4インチ、厚さ5mmの形状に加工し、バッキングプレートにボンディングしてスパッタリングターゲットを得る。そのようにして得られたスパッタリングターゲットをスパッタリング装置に取り付け、DC(直流)マグネトロンスパッタリングを行う。スパッタリングの条件は、DCスパッタリングパワー150W、Ar/0.1体積%O2雰囲気、圧力0.8mTorrとする。この時の100分当りのアーキングの発生回数をカウントし2回以下を合格と評価した(表4中、「異常放電回数」参照)。
本出願は、2012年9月14日出願の日本特許出願(特願2012-203577)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (10)
- 酸化亜鉛と;酸化インジウムと;酸化ガリウムと;酸化錫を混合および焼結して得られる酸化物焼結体であって、
前記酸化物焼結体の相対密度が85%以上であり、
前記酸化物焼結体をX線回折したとき、Zn2SnO4相とInGaZnO4相の体積比がそれぞれ下記式(1)~(3)を満足するものであることを特徴とする酸化物焼結体。
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≧75体積%・・・(1)
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≧30体積%・・・(2)
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≧10体積%・・・(3)
(式中、mは2以上5以下の整数を表す。) - 前記酸化物焼結体に含まれる全金属元素に対する亜鉛、インジウム、ガリウム、錫の含有量の割合(原子%)をそれぞれ、[Zn]、[In]、[Ga]、[Sn]としたとき、下記式(4)~(6)を満足するものである請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
40原子%≦[Zn]≦50原子%・・・(4)
30原子%≦([In]+[Ga])≦45原子%・・・(5)
(ただし、[In]は4原子%以上、[Ga]は5原子%以上)
15原子%≦[Sn]≦25原子%・・・(6) - 前記相対密度が110%以下である請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記Zn2SnO4相とInGaZnO4相の体積比が下記式(1‘)を満足する請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相)/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≦100体積%・・・(1‘) - 前記Zn2SnO4相の体積比が下記式(2‘)を満足する請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
Zn2SnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≦90体積%・・・(2‘) - 前記InGaZnO4相の体積比が下記式(3‘)を満足する請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
InGaZnO4相/(Zn2SnO4相+InGaZnO4相+In2O3相+SnO2相+(ZnO)mIn2O3相)≦60体積%・・・(3‘) - 前記酸化物焼結体の平均結晶粒径が30μm以下である請求項1に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 前記酸化物焼結体の平均結晶粒径が3μm以上である請求項7に記載の酸化物焼結体。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の酸化物焼結体を用いて得られるスパッタリングターゲットであって、比抵抗が1Ω・cm以下であること特徴とするスパッタリングターゲット。
- 前記比抵抗が10-7Ω・cm以上である請求項9に記載のスパッタリングターゲット。
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