WO2014042045A1 - 摺動部品 - Google Patents
摺動部品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014042045A1 WO2014042045A1 PCT/JP2013/073746 JP2013073746W WO2014042045A1 WO 2014042045 A1 WO2014042045 A1 WO 2014042045A1 JP 2013073746 W JP2013073746 W JP 2013073746W WO 2014042045 A1 WO2014042045 A1 WO 2014042045A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- dimple
- fluid
- cavitation
- pressure
- sliding
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/72—Sealings
- F16C33/74—Sealings of sliding-contact bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
- F16C17/045—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with grooves in the bearing surface to generate hydrodynamic pressure, e.g. spiral groove thrust bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/04—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only
- F16C17/047—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for axial load only with fixed wedges to generate hydrodynamic pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1005—Construction relative to lubrication with gas, e.g. air, as lubricant
- F16C33/101—Details of the bearing surface, e.g. means to generate pressure such as lobes or wedges
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
- F16C33/1005—Construction relative to lubrication with gas, e.g. air, as lubricant
- F16C33/101—Details of the bearing surface, e.g. means to generate pressure such as lobes or wedges
- F16C33/1015—Pressure generating grooves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
- F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
- F16C35/073—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between shaft and inner race ring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C35/00—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
- F16C35/04—Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
- F16C35/06—Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
- F16C35/07—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element
- F16C35/077—Fixing them on the shaft or housing with interposition of an element between housing and outer race ring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
- F16J15/3408—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface
- F16J15/3412—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface with cavities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3404—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal
- F16J15/3408—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface
- F16J15/3424—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member and characterised by parts or details relating to lubrication, cooling or venting of the seal at least one ring having an uneven slipping surface with microcavities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J15/00—Sealings
- F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
- F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
- F16J15/3464—Mounting of the seal
- F16J15/348—Pre-assembled seals, e.g. cartridge seals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sliding part suitable for a sliding part, for example, a mechanical seal, a bearing, and the like.
- the present invention relates to a sliding component such as a seal ring or a bearing that requires a fluid to be interposed in the sliding surface to reduce friction and prevent fluid from leaking from the sliding surface.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which a plurality of spiral grooves for transferring a fluid to a high-pressure chamber side are provided in the circumferential direction on the shaft sealing surface of a rotating ring.
- the sealed fluid is introduced into the sliding surface by the suction means formed on the sealed fluid side of the sliding surface, and the introduced sealed fluid is formed on the sliding surface.
- the fluid to be sealed is accumulated in the two dimple portions on the radially outer peripheral side and the radially inner peripheral side via the dam portion, and at the same time, the pump is pumped in the dimple portion on the radially inner peripheral side, thereby being radially inward from the two dimple portions
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 when there is a pressure difference between the inner and outer periphery of a sliding surface such as a seal, a pumping action against the pressure is required, and the fluid is pushed back depending on the magnitude of the pressure. It may not be possible. For this reason, it is possible to prevent leakage when the pressure difference is small, but there is a problem that the amount of leakage must be increased when the pressure difference is large.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-277794 (5th page, FIG. 6) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-180652
- each sliding surface of two parts is configured as a smooth surface like a general mechanical seal, not only a film by a sealed fluid but also a phase caused by cavitation generated in the fluid is present between the sliding surfaces.
- a phase composed of a liquid (sealed fluid) hereinafter referred to as a liquid phase
- a phase composed of a gas hereinafter referred to as a gas phase
- FIG. 1 it is generally known that a streak-like fluid flow 20 accompanying cavitation is generated in a hollow portion 10 such as a dimple formed on the sliding surface S.
- the present invention provides a sliding surface by controlling the flow of a streak-like fluid accompanying cavitation that occurs in a dimple such as a dimple formed on the sliding surface (referred to herein as “dimple”). It is an object of the present invention to provide a sliding component that can prevent leakage regardless of the pressure difference between the inner and outer circumferences.
- the present inventor conducted research on the fluid lubrication action of dimples on a sliding surface such as a mechanical seal, and as shown in FIG. 2, a groove 30 having directionality on the bottom surface of the dimple formed on the sliding surface.
- a groove 30 having directionality on the bottom surface of the dimple formed on the sliding surface.
- the edge portion 40 of the groove 30 acts on the gas-liquid interface as a geometrical barrier, and the streak-like fluid flow 20 is generated on the groove 30.
- the streak-like fluid flow 20 moves to a certain degree along the edge portion 40 of the groove 30 and the streaky flow inside the cavitation is controlled.
- the geometric barrier action of the edge portion is described in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-185292, which is a patent application filed by the present applicant.
- the sliding component of the present invention is firstly provided with dimples on one sliding surface of the pair of sliding components that slide relative to each other, and in the cavitation formation region in the dimple.
- a groove having directionality is provided.
- the edge of the groove acts on the gas-liquid interface as a geometrical barrier, and the flow of the streak fluid Prevents the fluid from passing over the groove, and as a result, the flow of the streak fluid moves to a certain extent along the edge of the groove, so that the streak flow inside the cavitation is controlled and leakage is prevented.
- the sliding component of the present invention is secondly characterized in that, in the first feature, a groove having the directionality is provided at least on the low-pressure fluid side of the cavitation forming region. According to this feature, since the flow of the streak-like fluid by the groove having directionality is controlled at least on the low-pressure fluid side of the dimple, leakage to the low-pressure fluid side can be prevented.
- a communication groove communicating with at least the high-pressure fluid side is provided in a portion other than the cavitation formation region in the dimple. It is characterized by. According to this feature, since the positive pressure on the downstream side of the dimple is released, the pressure on the upstream side decreases, cavitation is likely to occur on the upstream side, and the cavitation formation region is formed close to the downstream side of the dimple. Thus, it becomes possible to further control the flow direction of the streaky fluid by the cavitation formation region. Further, the fluid that has flowed into the positive pressure region can be returned to the high pressure fluid side.
- the groove having the directionality provided in the cavitation formation region in the dimple has a direction in which the dimple slides. It is characterized by being formed so as to be symmetrical with respect to the sliding direction of the sliding surface with respect to the center of the direction. According to this feature, even when the rotation direction of the mating sliding surface is in both forward and reverse directions, the sliding component can be handled without replacement.
- the present invention has the following excellent effects.
- a dimple is provided on one sliding surface of the pair of sliding parts that slide relative to each other, and a directional groove is provided in the cavitation forming region in the dimple. It is possible to control the flow of the streak-like fluid accompanying the cavitation that occurs in the cavitation, and to prevent leakage regardless of the magnitude of the pressure difference between the inner and outer periphery of the sliding surface.
- the directional groove provided in the cavitation forming region in the dimple is formed so that the direction is symmetrical with respect to the sliding direction of the sliding surface with respect to the center of the sliding direction of the dimple.
- FIG. 2 shows a sliding surface of a sliding component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, where (a) shows a case where the dimple has a quadrilateral shape, and (b) shows a case where the dimple has a circular shape. Is shown.
- (A) is a view for explaining a positive pressure generating mechanism consisting of a narrowing gap (step) on the downstream side of the dimple
- (b) is a diagram for explaining a negative pressure generating mechanism consisting of an expanding gap (step) on the upstream side of the dimple. is there.
- It is a top view of the principal part which shows an example at the time of providing the groove
- the directional groove provided in the cavitation formation region of the dimple is symmetrical with respect to the sliding direction of the sliding surface with respect to the center of the sliding direction of the dimple. It is a top view of the principal part which shows an example at the time of being formed.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a mechanical seal, which is an inside type that seals the sealed fluid on the high-pressure fluid side that tends to leak from the outer periphery of the sliding surface toward the inner peripheral direction.
- An annular rotary ring 3 provided on the rotary shaft 1 side for driving a pump impeller (not shown) on the high-pressure fluid side via a sleeve 2 so as to be rotatable integrally with the rotary shaft 1, and a pump
- An annular stationary ring 5 provided in the housing 4 in a non-rotating state and movable in the axial direction is wrapped with a coiled wave spring 6 and a bellows 7 that urge the stationary ring 5 in the axial direction.
- the sliding surfaces S mirror-finished are slid closely. That is, this mechanical seal prevents the sealed fluid from flowing out from the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 1 to the atmosphere side on the sliding surfaces S of the rotating ring 3 and the stationary ring 5.
- FIG. 4 shows a sliding surface of the sliding component according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and a case where dimples are formed on the sliding surface of the stationary ring 5 in FIG. 3 will be described as an example.
- the sliding surface S is provided with a plurality of quadrilateral dimples 10 in the circumferential direction.
- the dimples 10 are not in communication with the high pressure fluid side and the low pressure fluid side, and the dimples 10 are provided independently of each other.
- the number, area, and depth of the dimples 10 are set to optimum values depending on conditions such as the diameter and surface width of the stationary ring 5 and the pressure difference between the high-pressure fluid side and the low-pressure fluid side.
- the shallow dimples are preferable in terms of fluid lubrication and liquid film formation.
- the shape of the dimple 10 is such that two pieces on the inner diameter side and the outer diameter side have an arc shape with the center of the stationary ring 5 as the center, and 2 on the upstream side and the downstream side in the circumferential direction.
- one piece is a straight line is shown, it may be a rectangle, a square, or a polygon, and is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 4B shows a case where the dimples 11 are circular, and a plurality of dimples 11 are provided in the circumferential direction.
- the dimple 11 is not in communication with the high-pressure fluid side and the low-pressure fluid side, and the dimples 11 are provided independently of each other.
- the dimple 11 has a large diameter and is preferably shallow.
- the size and depth of the dimple 11 depend on the viscosity of the fluid, the operating speed, and the membrane pressure, and comprehensively consider various conditions. Since it is determined by design, it is difficult to define it uniformly.
- the rotating ring 3 rotates counterclockwise with respect to the fixed ring 5 as indicated by arrows, but dimples 10 and 11 are formed on the sliding surface S of the fixed ring 5.
- a narrowing gap (step) 12 exists on the downstream side of the dimples 10 and 11.
- the sliding surfaces of the opposed rotating rings 3 are flat.
- the fluid interposed between the sliding surfaces of the rotating ring 3 and the stationary ring 5 tends to follow the moving direction of the rotating ring 3 due to its viscosity.
- the presence of the narrowing gap (step) 12 generates a dynamic pressure (positive pressure) as indicated by a broken line.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the main part showing an example in which a groove having directionality is provided on the bottom surface of the cavitation formation region of the dimple.
- a plurality of quadrilateral dimples 10 are provided on the sliding surface S of the stationary ring 5 in the circumferential direction.
- the dimples 10 are not in communication with the high-pressure fluid side and the low-pressure fluid side, and the dimples 10 are mutually connected. It is provided independently.
- cavitation forming region 14 When the counterpart sliding surface (sliding surface of the rotating ring 3) rotates counterclockwise with respect to the fixed ring 5, cavitation occurs on the upstream side of the dimple 10, and a cavitation region indicated by reference numeral 14 is formed. (Hereinafter referred to as “cavitation forming region 14”).
- a cavitation forming region 14 in the dimple 10 is provided with a directional groove 15. The range in which the groove 15 having the directivity is provided may be all or a part of the cavitation forming region 14.
- the directional groove 15 is formed at the bottom of the dimple 10, and the width and depth thereof are not particularly limited, but in the “Principle” column of the means for solving the above-mentioned problem As described, the edge portion of the directional groove 15 acts as a geometrical barrier on the gas-liquid interface, preventing the flow of the streak-like fluid from passing over the directional groove 15. Anything can be used.
- the directionality of the groove 15 is determined by how the fluid is controlled.
- the fluid in the dimple 10 is pushed back to the high-pressure fluid side so as not to leak to the low-pressure fluid side. Therefore, it inclines counterclockwise from the inner diameter side toward the outer diameter side.
- the inside of the cavitation is filled with a gas having a sufficiently small viscosity compared to the liquid, the fluidity is good, the pressure inside the cavitation is constant, and it is related to the differential pressure between the inner and outer circumferences of the sliding surface S. Therefore, when the groove 15 has a direction as shown in FIG. 6, the groove 15 provided in the cavitation formation region 14 causes the line in the dimple 10 to be controlled.
- the flow of the fluid moves in a certain amount along the edge portion of the first groove 15 on the upstream side, and then moves in a certain amount along the edge portion of the second groove 15, thereby repeating the double line. As shown by, it is controlled to be pushed back to the high-pressure fluid side.
- channel 15 provided with directionality should just be set to the optimal value by design, and is not specifically limited.
- the dimples 10 are provided in the entire radial direction from the low-pressure fluid side to the high-pressure fluid side, whereas in FIG. Is provided only on the low-pressure fluid side.
- the flow of the streak-like fluid by the directional groove 15 is controlled in the entire radial direction from the low-pressure fluid side to the high-pressure fluid side of the dimple 10, whereas in FIG. The flow of the streak-like fluid by the directional groove 15 is performed on the low-pressure fluid side of the dimple 10.
- the directional groove 15 is not limited to being provided only on the low-pressure fluid side, and may be provided only on the high-pressure fluid side or only in the center in the radial direction. In accordance with this, a portion where the groove 15 having directionality is provided may be appropriately selected.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view of a main part according to the second embodiment of the present invention, showing an example in which a communication groove communicating with the high-pressure fluid side or the like is provided at a place other than the cavitation formation region of the dimple.
- the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment indicate the same members as those in the first embodiment, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.
- a cavitation formation region 14 is generated on the upstream side in the dimple 10, and a dynamic pressure is generated in other locations, that is, on the downstream side, so that a positive pressure region 16 is formed.
- the positive pressure region 16 is provided with a communication groove 17 communicating with the high pressure fluid side.
- the depth of the communication groove 17 is equal to or greater than the depth of the dimple 10.
- the width of the communication groove 17 is sufficient to release the positive pressure.
- the communication groove 17 communicating with the high-pressure fluid side is provided in the positive pressure region 16 on the downstream side of the dimple 10, the positive pressure on the downstream side of the dimple 10 is released, so that the upstream pressure decreases, and the upstream side In this case, cavitation is likely to occur. Therefore, the cavitation formation region 14 is formed to the vicinity of the downstream side of the dimple 10, and the flow direction of the streak-like fluid by the cavitation formation region 14 can be further controlled. Further, the fluid flowing into the positive pressure region 16 can be returned to the high pressure fluid side.
- the positive pressure region 16 is provided with an inverted L-shaped communication groove 18 that communicates with the high-pressure fluid side.
- the inverted L-shaped communication groove 18 communicates with a part of the downstream side of the cavitation forming region 14 in addition to the positive pressure region 16. For this reason, the positive pressure on the downstream side of the dimple 10 is further released, and the flow direction of the streak-like fluid by the cavitation forming region 14 can be further controlled.
- the fluid that has flown near the downstream side of the cavitation formation region 14 and the fluid that has flowed into the positive pressure region 16 can be returned to the high pressure fluid side.
- the positive pressure region 16 is provided with a communication groove 17 that communicates with the high-pressure fluid side and a communication groove 19 that communicates with the low-pressure fluid side. For this reason, the positive pressure on the downstream side of the dimple 10 is released to near the pressure on the low pressure side, and the flow direction of the streak-like fluid by the cavitation forming region 14 can be further controlled.
- the fluid that has flowed into the positive pressure region 16 is likely to flow to the low pressure fluid side, when this example is applied to the seal device, it is considered to be unfavorable because it leads to leakage, but in the case of a bearing or the like, some leakage may occur. Since it is allowed and is expected to improve lubrication performance, it can be applied to all sliding parts including bearings.
- FIG. 8 relates to the third embodiment of the present invention, and the groove having the directionality provided in the cavitation formation region of the dimple is symmetrical with respect to the sliding direction of the sliding surface with respect to the center in the sliding direction of the dimple. It is a top view of the principal part which shows an example at the time of being formed so that it may become.
- the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment indicate the same members as those in the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted.
- the sliding parts shown in the first and second embodiments can be applied only when the rotation direction is one direction, but the third embodiment can be applied even when the rotation direction is both directions.
- the directional grooves 15 and 15 ′ provided in the cavitation forming region in the dimple 10 are slid at the radial line OO passing through the center of the sliding direction of the dimple 10. It is formed so as to be symmetric with respect to the sliding direction of the surface. 6 and 7, the cavitation formation region 14 is set to be formed over half of the dimple 10 from the upstream side. In FIG. 8, the cavitation formation region 14 is a half of the dimple 10 on the upstream side.
- the cavitation formation region 14 is set so as to be formed about half of the upstream side of the dimple 10 even when the rotation direction of the mating sliding surface is reversed in the clockwise direction. For example, increasing the circumferential length of the dimple 10 or setting the depth of the dimple 10 to be shallow so that the negative pressure generation region is shortened in the circumferential direction is one method. Further, even if the cavitation formation region 14 is formed to extend downstream from the radial line OO, the flow of the streak-like fluid controlled in the outer diameter direction on the upstream side has an opposite directivity on the downstream side. Since it does not pass over the groove 15 ′, it does not affect the flow control of the streak-like fluid and can be controlled as desired.
- the cavitation formation region 14 is formed in about half of the upstream side of the dimple 10, and the positive pressure region 16 is formed in about half of the downstream side, so that the cavitation formation region 14 has directionality.
- the grooves 15 act to direct the fluid streak flow toward the high-pressure fluid side, while the grooves 15 ′ having directivity in the positive pressure region 16 act in the direction toward the low-pressure fluid side. Therefore, it may be likely to lead to leakage.
- the fluid is controlled to move toward the high-pressure fluid side in the cavitation formation region 14, and the amount of fluid flowing into the positive pressure region 16 is small and the pressure does not increase. Even if it goes to the low-pressure fluid side, since it is sealed by the sliding surface S in the process of reaching the low-pressure fluid side, there is no risk of leakage.
Abstract
Description
また、図1に示すように、摺動面Sに形成されたディンプルなどの窪み部分10には、キャビテーションに伴う筋状の流体の流れ20が生じることが一般的に知られている。
本発明者は、メカニカルシール等の摺動面におけるディンプルの流体潤滑作用に関する研究を行う中で、図2に示すように、摺動面に形成されたディンプルの底面に方向性をもった溝30を設置すると、ディンプル10内に発生するキャビテーション領域の筋状の流体の流れ20の方向を変更または制御することができるという知見を得た。これは、キャビテーション内部は液体と比較し粘性の十分に小さい気体で満たされるため、流動性がよく、キャビテーション内部の圧力は一定となり、摺動面の内・外周の差圧に関係することなく、キャビテーション内部の筋状流れが制御されると考えられるものである。
すなわち、ディンプル10の底面に方向性をもった溝30が存在する場合、溝30のエッジ部分40が幾何学的な障壁として気液界面に作用し、筋状の流体の流れ20が溝30上を通過する移動を妨げ、この結果、筋状の流体の流れ20は溝30のエッジ部分40に沿って一定程度移動し、キャビテーション内部の筋状流れが制御されると考えられるものである。
なお、エッジ部分の幾何学的な障壁作用については、本出願人による特許出願である特開2011-185292号公報に詳しく記載されている。
上記目的を達成するため本発明の摺動部品は、第1に、一対の摺動部品の互いに相対摺動する一方側の摺動面にディンプルが設けられ、前記ディンプル内のキャビテーション形成領域には方向性を備えた溝が設けられていることを特徴としている。
この特徴によれば、ディンプル内に発生するキャビテーションに伴う筋状の流体の流れを制御することができ、摺動面の内・外周の差圧の大きさに関係することなく漏れを防止できる。詳述すると、キャビテーション内部は液体と比較し粘性の十分に小さい気体で満たされるため、流動性がよく、キャビテーション内部の圧力は一定となり、摺動面の内・外周の差圧に関係することなく、キャビテーション内部の筋状流れが制御され、ディンプル内に方向性を備えた溝が存在する場合、該溝のエッジ部分が幾何学的な障壁として気液界面に作用し、筋状の流体の流れが溝上を通過する移動を妨げ、この結果、筋状の流体の流れは溝のエッジ部分に沿って一定程度移動するため、キャビテーション内部の筋状流れが制御され、漏れが防止されるものである。
この特徴によれば、方向性を備えた溝による筋状の流体の流れの制御は少なくともディンプルの低圧流体側では行われるので、低圧流体側への漏洩を防止することができる。
この特徴によれば、ディンプルの下流側の正圧が開放されるため、上流側の圧力が低下し、上流側においてキャビテーションが発生され易くなり、キャビテーション形成領域がディンプルの下流側の近くまで形成されることになり、キャビテーション形成領域による筋状の流体の流れの方向をより一層制御することが可能になる。また、正圧領域に流れ込んだ流体を高圧流体側に戻すことができる。
この特徴によれば、相手側摺動面の回転方向が正逆の両方向の場合でも、当該摺動部品を交換をすることなく対応できる。
(1)一対の摺動部品の互いに相対摺動する一方側の摺動面にディンプルが設けられ、ディンプル内のキャビテーション形成領域には方向性を備えた溝が設けられていることにより、ディンプル内に発生するキャビテーションに伴う筋状の流体の流れを制御することができ、摺動面の内・外周の差圧の大きさに関係することなく漏れを防止できる。
なお、本実施例においては、メカニカルシールを構成する部品が摺動部品である場合を例にして説明する。
図3は、メカニカルシールの一例を示す縦断面図であって、摺動面の外周から内周方向に向かって漏れようとする高圧流体側の被密封流体を密封する形式のインサイド形式のものであり、高圧流体側のポンプインペラ(図示省略)を駆動させる回転軸1側にスリーブ2を介してこの回転軸1と一体的に回転可能な状態に設けられた円環状の回転環3と、ポンプのハウジング4に非回転状態かつ軸方向移動可能な状態で設けられた円環状の固定環5とが、この固定環5を軸方向に付勢するコイルドウェーブスプリング6及びベローズ7によって、ラッピング等によって鏡面仕上げされた摺動面S同士で密接摺動するようになっている。すなわち、このメカニカルシールは、回転環3と固定環5との互いの摺動面Sにおいて、被密封流体が回転軸1の外周から大気側へ流出するのを防止するものである。
なお、図4(a)では、ディンプル10の形状は、内径側及び外径側の2つの片が固定環5の中心を中心とする円弧状をなし、周方向の上流側及び下流側の2つの片が直線である場合を示しているが、長方形、正方形、多角形でもよく、特に限定されない。
図5(a)において、矢印で示すように、固定環5に対して回転環3が反時計方向に回転移動するが、固定環5の摺動面Sにディンプル10、11が形成されていると、該ディンプル10、11の下流側には狭まり隙間(段差)12が存在する。相対する回転環3の摺動面は平坦である。
回転環3が矢印で示す方向に相対移動すると、回転環3及び固定環5の摺動面間に介在する流体が、その粘性によって、回転環3の移動方向に追随移動しようとするため、その際、狭まり隙間(段差)12の存在によって破線で示すような動圧(正圧)が発生される。
回転環3が矢印で示す方向に相対移動すると、回転環3及び固定環5の摺動面間に介在する流体が、その粘性によって、回転環3の移動方向に追随移動しようとするため、その際、拡がり隙間(段差)13の存在によって破線で示すような動圧(負圧)が発生される。
このため、ディンプル10、11内の上流側には負圧が発生し、下流側には正圧が発生することになる。そして、上流側の負圧発生領域にはキャビテーションが発生する。
固定環5の摺動面Sには四辺形のディンプル10が周方向に複数設けられ、ディンプル10は、高圧流体側及び低圧流体側とは連通しておらず、また、各ディンプル10は相互に独立して設けられている。
なお、方向性を備えた溝15のピッチpは設計的に最適な値に設定されればよく、特に限定されない。
なお、方向性を備えた溝15は、低圧流体側にのみ設けられる場合に限らず、高圧流体側にのみ、あるいは、径方向の中央にだけ設けられてもよく、要するに、差圧などの大きさに応じて、方向性を備えた溝15を設ける部分を適宜選択すればよい。
なお、図7において、実施の形態1の符号と同じ符号は実施例1と同じ部材を示しており、重複する説明は省略する。
なお、正圧領域16に流れ込んだ流体は低圧流体側に流され易いため、シール装置に本例を適用した場合、漏洩につながり好ましくないと考えられるが、軸受などの場合には多少の漏れは許容されるものであり、潤滑性能の向上にが見込まれるため、軸受を含む摺動部品全般においては適用可能である。
なお、図8において、実施の形態1の符号と同じ符号は実施例1と同じ部材を示しており、重複する説明は省略する。
図8において、ディンプル10内のキャビテーション形成領域に設けられる方向性を備えた溝15、15’は、その方向がディンプル10の摺動方向の中心を通る半径線O-Oを境に当該摺動面の摺動方向に対して対称となるように形成されている。図6及び図7では、キャビテーション形成領域14はディンプル10の上流側から半分以上に亘って形成されるように設定されているが、図8では、キャビテーション形成領域14はディンプル10の上流側の半分程度しか形成されないように設定され、相手摺動面の回転方向が時計方向に逆転した場合でも、キャビテーション形成領域14はディンプル10の上流側の半分程度に形成されるように設定されている。例えば、ディンプル10の周方向の長さを大きくするとか、ディンプル10の深さを浅くして負圧発生領域を周方向に短く形成するように設定するのも1つの手法である。また、キャビテーション形成領域14が半径線O-Oより下流側に延長して形成されたとしても、上流側において外径方向に制御された筋状の流体の流れは下流側の反対の方向性を持った溝15’の上を通ることがないため、筋状の流体の流れの制御に影響はなく、所望の制御ができる。
2 スリーブ
3 回転環
4 ハウジング
5 固定環
6 コイルドウェーブスプリング
7 ベローズ
10 ディンプル
11 ディンプル
12 レイリーステップ
13 逆レイリーステップ
14 キャビテーション形成領域
15 方向性を備えた溝
16 正圧領域
17 連通溝
18 連通溝
19 連通溝
Claims (4)
- 一対の摺動部品の互いに相対摺動する一方側の摺動面にディンプルが設けられ、前記ディンプル内のキャビテーション形成領域には方向性を備えた溝が設けられていることを特徴とする摺動部品。
- 前記キャビテーション形成領域の少なくとも低圧流体側には前記方向性を備えた溝が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の摺動部品。
- 前記ディンプル内のキャビテーション形成領域以外の箇所には少なくとも高圧流体側に連通する連通溝が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の摺動部品。
- 前記ディンプル内のキャビテーション形成領域に設けられる前記方向性を備えた溝は、その方向が前記ディンプルの摺動方向の中心を境に当該摺動面の摺動方向に対して対称となるように形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の摺動部品。
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WO2017061406A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | イーグル工業株式会社 | 摺動部品 |
US20220042602A1 (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2022-02-10 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding member |
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JP5758378B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-15 | 2015-08-05 | イーグル工業株式会社 | 摺動部材 |
CN104379975B (zh) * | 2012-10-18 | 2017-05-31 | 伊格尔工业股份有限公司 | 滑动部件 |
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JP6820120B2 (ja) | 2016-08-15 | 2021-01-27 | イーグル工業株式会社 | 摺動部品 |
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EP3739242A4 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2021-10-13 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | SLIDING ELEMENT |
KR102420417B1 (ko) | 2018-02-01 | 2022-07-13 | 이구루코교 가부시기가이샤 | 슬라이딩 부품 |
EP4253779A3 (en) | 2019-02-04 | 2023-11-08 | Eagle Industry Co., Ltd. | Sliding component and method for manufacturing sliding component |
KR102634941B1 (ko) | 2019-02-04 | 2024-02-08 | 이구루코교 가부시기가이샤 | 슬라이딩 부품 |
WO2022009771A1 (ja) | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-13 | イーグル工業株式会社 | 摺動部品 |
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EP2896853B1 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
JPWO2014042045A1 (ja) | 2016-08-18 |
CN104321568B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP2896853A1 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
US20150115540A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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