WO2014038099A1 - Système de batterie pour véhicule et véhicule équipé de celui-ci - Google Patents

Système de batterie pour véhicule et véhicule équipé de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014038099A1
WO2014038099A1 PCT/JP2012/080908 JP2012080908W WO2014038099A1 WO 2014038099 A1 WO2014038099 A1 WO 2014038099A1 JP 2012080908 W JP2012080908 W JP 2012080908W WO 2014038099 A1 WO2014038099 A1 WO 2014038099A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
vehicle
sub
lead
voltage
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PCT/JP2012/080908
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
敏宏 坂谷
裕政 杉井
越智　誠
龍二 川瀬
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三洋電機株式会社
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Publication of WO2014038099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014038099A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicle battery system in which a sub-battery is connected in parallel with a lead battery, and a vehicle equipped with this battery system.
  • a conventional vehicle is equipped with a lead battery having a rated voltage of 12V as a battery for electrical equipment, and in a large vehicle, a battery having a rated voltage of 24V by connecting two 12V lead batteries in series. It is equipped with.
  • the lead battery is charged by the alternator of the vehicle, and supplies power to the electrical equipment and starter motor of the vehicle.
  • this lead battery has a small discharge resistance, it has a drawback that it is difficult to charge efficiently because the charge resistance is large.
  • a sub-battery is connected via a DC / DC converter in parallel with a lead battery. Since this battery system connects sub-batteries in parallel via a DC / DC converter, there is a drawback that the circuit configuration is complicated and the component cost and manufacturing cost are high. In particular, when this battery system is mounted on an idling stop vehicle and both lead battery and sub-battery are charged with the power generated by regenerative braking, it is necessary to increase the current capacity of the DC / DC converter. There is a drawback that the component cost and the manufacturing cost of the DC / DC converter become remarkably expensive. This is because regenerative braking charges the battery system with a very large current of 100 A or more, although for a short time.
  • a battery system in which the sub-battery is connected via a DC / DC converter has a drawback that it is difficult to efficiently charge the sub-battery with the power generated by regenerative braking. This is because the power loss of the DC / DC converter reduces the charging power of the sub-battery.
  • a battery system for a vehicle in which a lead battery and a sub-battery are connected in parallel is mounted on a vehicle at an idling stop, and generated power in regenerative braking when the vehicle is braked with a brake, that is, regenerative generated power.
  • the regenerative power generation cannot be efficiently charged to the sub-battery due to poor compatibility between the lead battery and the sub-battery. There are disadvantages that are not sufficient.
  • the battery system charged with regenerative power is not always held at a constant voltage by an alternator driven by an engine as in a conventional vehicle, but is quickly charged with a very large current at the timing of regenerative braking, In the discharged state, the alternator does not maintain a constant voltage, so that the voltage of the lead battery greatly fluctuates, the deterioration thereof is severe, and the lifetime is extremely short.
  • An important object of the present invention is to provide a battery system for a vehicle that can be efficiently charged with the generated electric power of the vehicle while supplying a power to be efficiently stored on the vehicle side, and a vehicle equipped with the same. It is to provide.
  • Another important object of the present invention is to provide a battery system for a vehicle that can improve the compatibility between a lead battery and a sub-battery and can considerably extend the life of the lead battery, and a vehicle equipped with the battery system. is there.
  • the vehicle battery system of the present invention is a vehicle battery system in which a sub-battery 2 is connected in parallel to a lead battery 1, and the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic of the sub-battery 2 is set to the upper limit of the lead battery 1.
  • the voltage is at a discharge depth that can be charged, and the lower limit voltage of the lead battery 1 is a discharge depth at which discharge is possible.
  • the above battery system is characterized in that it has a simple circuit configuration and is efficiently charged with the generated electric power of the vehicle, and can also supply electric power to be efficiently stored on the vehicle side. That is, the above battery system can charge the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristics of the sub-battery as a discharge depth that can be charged when the lead battery is the upper limit voltage and the charge needs to be limited. This is because the lead battery is in a state where it can be discharged at a discharge depth that can be discharged at a voltage that requires a lower limit voltage to limit the discharge.
  • a lead battery cannot be charged by connecting a sub-battery having a specific open circuit voltage-depth of discharge characteristic in parallel with a lead battery having relatively little voltage fluctuation in the intermediate depth of discharge range. Even in the state, the sub-battery can be charged efficiently.
  • the above characteristics are extremely important characteristics in an idling stop vehicle in which the engine is stopped when the vehicle is stopped by regenerative braking of the vehicle to charge the battery system. This is because the battery system is efficiently charged with the power generated by regenerative braking. In regenerative braking, the battery system is charged with an extremely large current within a short time within several tens of seconds of braking the vehicle, but the lead battery is extremely low in efficiency of large current charging, and the sub-battery is efficiently charged. In particular, in the battery system of the present invention, even when the voltage of the lead battery rises to the upper limit voltage and the charging current is limited, the discharge depth of the sub-battery is in a chargeable state, and regenerative braking power generation. It is charged with electricity efficiently.
  • the above battery system realizes the effect of improving the fuel efficiency of the vehicle by generating power efficiently not only by regenerative braking but also by an alternator (alternator) driven by an engine.
  • alternator alternator
  • the engine has a characteristic that the fuel efficiency decreases at a light load close to idling. This is clear from the fact that the hybrid car is driven by a motor at a light load to improve fuel efficiency.
  • the engine can increase the load, that is, increase the rotational torque of the alternator to improve fuel efficiency, and the alternator can increase the output and increase the power generation efficiency. Therefore, the fuel efficiency can be improved by increasing the output of the alternator and increasing the load of the engine that rotates the alternator.
  • the lead battery has a characteristic that, for example, in a state where the output voltage is 14 V, the charging current does not increase and cannot be charged with a large current.
  • the output voltage of the alternator is kept constant at 14V, the power of the sub battery is charged several times as much as the lead battery, so the output of the alternator is increased and the load on the engine is increased.
  • the battery system can be charged efficiently in a short time. For this reason, even in a vehicle that does not regeneratively brake, the time for charging the battery system by driving the alternator with the engine is shortened, and the effect of improving the fuel efficiency of the vehicle is realized by increasing the short-time charging capacity. .
  • the above battery system charges the sub battery at the upper limit voltage of the lead battery and allows the sub battery to be discharged even at the lower limit voltage, thereby preventing overcharge and over discharge of the lead battery and preventing deterioration. This also realizes a feature that can significantly extend the life of the lead battery.
  • the depth of discharge of the sub-battery 2 at the upper limit voltage of the lead battery 1 may be 30% or more, and the depth of discharge of the sub-battery 2 at the lower limit voltage of the lead battery 1 may be 90% or less. it can.
  • the vehicle battery system described above specifies the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristics of the sub battery so that the discharge depth of the sub battery falls within a specific range at the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage of the lead battery. Therefore, in the charged state of the battery system, even if the open circuit voltage of the lead battery rises to the upper limit voltage, the sub battery can be efficiently charged with the discharge depth of the sub battery being 30% or more. Further, in the discharged state, even if the open circuit voltage of the lead battery drops to the lower limit voltage, the sub battery can be discharged at a depth of discharge of 90% or less. Can be supplied to supply power to the electrical equipment such as a load on the vehicle side.
  • a lead battery and a sub-battery having a specific open-circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic are connected in parallel for extremely efficient charging / discharging.
  • an idling stop vehicle has a feature that can significantly contribute to improving the fuel consumption of the vehicle because the battery system can be charged very efficiently with the power generated by regenerative braking.
  • the upper limit voltage of the lead battery 1 can be set to 12.8 V at the open circuit voltage. Furthermore, the vehicle battery system of the present invention can set the lower limit voltage of the lead battery 1 to 12.4 V in the open circuit voltage.
  • the upper limit voltage of the lead battery 1 is set to 12.8 V in the open circuit voltage
  • the discharge depth of the sub battery 2 at this upper limit voltage is set to 30% or more
  • the lower limit voltage of the lead battery 1 is set to the open circuit voltage.
  • the depth of discharge of the sub-battery 2 at this lower limit voltage can be 90% or less.
  • the battery system for a vehicle described above is configured so that the sub battery has a discharge depth within a specific range at an open circuit voltage of 12.8 V that is the upper limit voltage of the lead battery and an open circuit voltage of 12.4 V that is the lower limit voltage.
  • the battery can be discharged to supply electric power such as an electrical equipment that is a load on the vehicle side. Therefore, in the above battery system, a lead battery and a sub-battery having a specific open-circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic are connected in parallel for extremely efficient charging / discharging. There is a feature that can significantly improve the fuel economy. In particular, an idling stop vehicle has a feature that can significantly contribute to improving the fuel consumption of the vehicle because the battery system can be charged very efficiently with the power generated by regenerative braking.
  • the lead battery 1 has a lower limit discharge depth for suppressing capacity deterioration, and the upper limit voltage of the lead battery 1 is set as an open circuit voltage in a fully charged state of the lead battery 1.
  • the lower limit voltage of the lead battery 1 can be the open circuit voltage at the lower limit discharge depth of the lead battery 1.
  • a lower limit discharge depth shall mean the lower limit of the depth of discharge for suppressing the capacity deterioration of a lead battery.
  • the upper limit voltage of the lead battery is the open circuit voltage in the fully charged state of the lead battery, so it is effective that the lead battery is overcharged by charging the sub battery in the fully charged state of the lead battery. Can be prevented.
  • the lower limit voltage of the lead battery is the open circuit voltage at the lower limit discharge depth of the lead battery, the sub battery can be discharged even at the lower limit voltage, thereby preventing the lead battery from over-discharging and preventing deterioration. . Therefore, it is possible to prevent the lead battery from being overcharged or overdischarged and to realize a feature that can significantly extend the life.
  • the vehicle battery system of the present invention can connect the lead battery 1 and the sub battery 2 in parallel without using a voltage conversion circuit.
  • the battery system described above is characterized in that the lead battery and the sub-battery are connected in parallel without using a voltage conversion circuit, so that the circuit configuration can be simplified and made inexpensive.
  • the lead battery 1 and the sub battery 2 can be directly connected by the lead wire 4.
  • the lead battery and the sub battery are directly connected to each other in parallel by connecting them with each other in parallel, so that it is possible to charge both the lead battery and the sub battery very efficiently while simplifying the circuit configuration.
  • the sub-battery 2 can be a nickel-hydrogen battery 3.
  • the battery system described above is characterized in that the sub-battery can be charged and discharged efficiently by adjusting the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic to the optimum characteristic with the positive electrode material.
  • the sub-battery 2 can connect ten nickel-metal hydride batteries 3 in series.
  • the rated voltage of the lead battery and the sub-battery can be set to 12 V. Therefore, the lead battery and the sub-battery are balanced, and the open-circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic of the sub-battery is made the optimum characteristic. And sub-battery can be charged and discharged efficiently.
  • the sub-battery 2 can be a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
  • the above battery system has a feature that the battery capacity (Ah) relative to the volume and weight of the sub-battery can be considerably increased as compared with the lead battery. Further, since the sub-battery is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a feature that the sub-battery can be efficiently charged with a large amount of generated power is also realized.
  • the battery system for a vehicle uses both the lead battery 1 and the sub battery 2 as a battery mounted on an idling stop vehicle, and charges both the lead battery 1 and the sub battery 2 with electric power of regenerative power generation of the vehicle. be able to.
  • the above-described vehicle battery system is characterized by being efficiently charged with the power generated by regenerative braking and improving the fuel efficiency of the vehicle on which it is mounted. This is because the fuel system is charged efficiently, so that the engine consumes less fuel to charge it.
  • the battery system mounted on the idling stop vehicle described above has a regenerative capacity sufficient for the sub-battery when the alternator is driven to generate power by setting the discharge depth of the sub-battery to 30% or more when the upper limit voltage of the lead battery is used. Can be secured.
  • the discharge depth of the sub-battery is set to 90% or less at the lower limit voltage of the lead battery, even if the battery voltage decreases during idling stop, power is supplied from the sub-battery to the electrical components, and the voltage of the lead battery Since the decrease can be suppressed, the power generation drive time of the alternator can be shortened to further improve the vehicle fuel consumption performance.
  • the battery capacity (Ah) of the sub-battery 2 can be made smaller than the battery capacity (Ah) of the lead battery 1. Since the above battery system uses a small-capacity battery for the sub-battery, the total cost can be reduced. In particular, using a nickel metal hydride battery or a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is more expensive than a lead battery for the sub-battery, there is a feature that the total cost can be reduced while realizing excellent charge / discharge characteristics.
  • the battery capacity (Ah) of the sub-battery 2 can be set to 1/30 or more and 1/2 or less of the battery capacity (Ah) of the lead battery 1.
  • a vehicle according to the present invention is a vehicle having an idling stop function including an engine for running the vehicle, an alternator driven by the engine, and a battery system charged by the alternator, and the battery system is any of the above. Is provided. Since the above vehicle can charge the battery system with a large current by the alternator, it is effective in improving the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. This is because the alternator can be operated in a region where the power generation efficiency is high, and the engine can also be operated in a region where the fuel consumption rate is small.
  • a vehicle according to the present invention is a vehicle having an idling stop function including an engine for running the vehicle, an alternator driven by the engine and driven by regenerative braking of the vehicle, and a battery system charged by the alternator.
  • the battery system has a configuration described in any of the above.
  • the above-described vehicle has a feature that the fuel efficiency of the vehicle can be considerably improved by efficiently charging the battery system with the power generated by regenerative braking.
  • the vehicle battery system shown in FIG. 1 has a lead battery 1 and a sub-battery 2 connected in parallel.
  • the lead battery 1 and the sub-battery 2 are directly connected by the lead wire 4 without going through a current adjustment circuit or the like. Therefore, the voltage of the lead battery 1 and the sub battery 2 is always the same voltage.
  • the lead battery and the sub-battery can be connected in parallel via a switching element such as a relay or a semiconductor switching element, and can also be connected in parallel via a diode or the like.
  • the lead battery 1 is a battery in which 6 cells are connected in series and the rated voltage is 12V. However, the present invention does not specify the rated voltage of the lead battery as 12V. Two lead batteries can be connected in series for a rated voltage of 24V, three lead batteries can be connected in series for 36V, and four lead batteries can be connected in series for 48V. Because. Conventional electrical equipment is designed to operate with a power supply voltage of 12V, but vehicles equipped with lead batteries of 24V to 48V are equipped with electrical equipment that operates with this voltage.
  • the sub-battery 2 is a nickel metal hydride battery 3.
  • a sub-battery 2 formed by connecting ten nickel metal hydride batteries 3 in series is connected in parallel to a lead battery 1 having a power supply voltage of 12V. Since the nickel metal hydride battery 3 has a power supply voltage of 1.2 V, it is matched with the lead battery 1 by the number connected in series.
  • all other secondary batteries such as a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium polymer secondary battery can be used in place of the nickel metal hydride battery.
  • the sub-battery 2 is connected in parallel in order to improve the charging / discharging efficiency and prevent the deterioration of the lead battery 1.
  • the sub battery 2 is connected in parallel with the lead battery 1 and has the same voltage. In this state, the current balance of charging / discharging between the sub-battery 2 and the lead battery 1, that is, compatibility is important. If the compatibility is poor, only the lead battery and sub-battery will be charged, or only the lead battery and sub-battery will be discharged, so even if both are connected in parallel, the charge / discharge efficiency cannot be improved. The life of the lead battery cannot be effectively extended.
  • the compatibility of the lead battery 1 and the sub battery 2 is realized by controlling the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic of the sub battery 2.
  • the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristics of the sub-battery 2 can be adjusted by, for example, the amount of zinc of the positive electrode in the nickel metal hydride battery 3, and the lithium-containing secondary battery or lithium polymer battery contains lithium as the positive electrode active material. It can be adjusted by selecting the compound.
  • FIG. 2 shows an open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic of the nickel metal hydride battery 3 of the sub-battery 2.
  • a characteristic curve A shows an open-circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic of a general nickel-metal hydride battery
  • a characteristic curve B shows an open-circuit voltage-discharge of the nickel-metal hydride battery 3 adjusted to a characteristic suitable for the lead battery 1.
  • Depth characteristics are shown.
  • This figure shows the open circuit voltage with respect to the depth of discharge.
  • the sub-battery 2 having the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristic of the characteristic curve B has a discharge depth that can be charged at the upper limit voltage of the lead battery 1 (open circuit voltage 12.8V), preferably 30% or more.
  • the depth of discharge of the lead battery is specified by the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage, but it goes without saying that the lead battery can be charged and discharged beyond the upper limit voltage and the lower limit voltage.
  • the upper limit voltage in this specification is an open circuit voltage that the lead battery is almost fully charged
  • the lower limit voltage is a capacity deterioration (softening phenomenon) due to a decrease in bonding force between the positive electrode active material particles of the lead battery. It is an open circuit voltage at a predetermined discharge depth for suppression, and 12.8V is not necessarily an upper limit voltage and 12.4V is not necessarily a lower limit voltage.
  • the lower limit of the discharge depth for suppressing the capacity deterioration of the lead battery is the lower limit discharge depth
  • the open circuit voltage at the lower limit discharge depth is the lower limit voltage.
  • the lead battery can suppress capacity deterioration of the lead battery by controlling charging / discharging of the lead battery so that the open circuit voltage does not fall below the lower limit voltage.
  • a control unit on the vehicle side controls charging / discharging of the lead battery based on open circuit voltage data of the lead battery.
  • the battery system for vehicles connects the following lead battery 1 and the nickel metal hydride battery 3 of the sub battery 2 in parallel.
  • Lead battery 1 As the lead battery 1, a battery satisfying the following performance is used under the test conditions defined by the Battery Industry Association Standard (SBA S 0101). 5 hour rate capacity: 48Ah Rated cold cranking current: 320A Charge acceptance: 6.0A
  • the sub battery 2 has ten nickel metal hydride batteries 3 connected in series.
  • the nickel metal hydride battery 3 includes an electrode group consisting of a nickel positive electrode using nickel hydroxide as a main positive electrode active material, a hydrogen storage alloy negative electrode using a hydrogen storage alloy as a negative electrode active material, and a separator in an outer can together with an alkaline electrolyte. And use a battery with a capacity of 6.0 Ah.
  • the nickel metal hydride battery 3 controls the amount of zinc and the amount of yttrium in the positive electrode in order to adjust the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristics.
  • the lead battery 1 and the nickel metal hydride battery 3 are adjusted to the following state, and then connected in parallel with the lead wire 4 to form a battery system.
  • the lead battery 1 has a charging condition defined by the Battery Industry Association Standard (SBA S 0101), that is, a terminal voltage during charging measured every 15 minutes under a charging current of 0.2 It, or an electrolyte density converted to temperature of 3 The battery is charged continuously until it shows a constant value, and the open circuit voltage after standing at room temperature for 24 hours is measured.
  • SBA S 0101 Battery Industry Association Standard
  • the nickel metal hydride battery 3 of the sub-battery 2 is charged to 110% of the battery capacity with a charging current of 1 It, then discharges a predetermined capacity at 1 It, and the open circuit voltage after standing at room temperature for 24 hours is the open circuit voltage of the lead battery 1. After confirming that the voltage is within 0.1 V, the lead battery 1 is connected in parallel.
  • the relationship between the discharge depth of the sub-battery 2 and the open circuit voltage is measured as follows. After charging the nickel metal hydride battery 3 of the sub-battery 2 to 110% of the battery capacity with a charging current of 1 It, the predetermined capacity is discharged at 1 It, and the open circuit voltage after being left at room temperature for 24 hours is measured. The depth of discharge when the open circuit voltage indicates the upper limit voltage (open circuit voltage 12.8V) and the lower limit voltage (open circuit voltage 12.4V) of the lead battery 1 is calculated from the discharged capacity.
  • Three types of nickel metal hydride batteries having different discharge depths with respect to the open circuit voltage were manufactured as shown in Table 1. Examples 1, 2, 3 having different open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristics of the sub-batteries, that is, different discharge depths with respect to the open circuit voltage Prototype battery system.
  • the nickel metal hydride battery of the sub-battery used in the battery system of Example 1 has a discharge depth at the upper limit voltage (12.8V) of the lead battery of 70%, and a discharge depth at the lower limit voltage (12.4V) of the lead battery.
  • the open circuit voltage vs. depth of discharge characteristics are adjusted.
  • the nickel metal hydride battery of the sub-battery used in the battery system of Example 2 has a discharge depth of 60% at the upper limit voltage (12.8V) of the lead battery, and a discharge depth of 80% at the lower limit voltage (12.4V) of the lead battery.
  • the open circuit voltage vs. depth of discharge characteristics are adjusted.
  • the nickel metal hydride battery of the sub-battery used in the battery system of Example 3 has a discharge depth of 30% at the upper limit voltage (12.8V) of the lead battery and 50% of the discharge depth at the lower limit voltage (12.4V) of the lead battery.
  • the open circuit voltage vs. depth of discharge characteristics are adjusted.
  • the sub-battery nickel metal hydride battery used in the battery system of Comparative Example 1 has a discharge depth of 75% at the upper limit voltage (12.8V) of the lead battery and a discharge depth of 95% at the lower limit voltage (12.4V) of the lead battery.
  • the open circuit voltage vs. depth of discharge characteristics are adjusted.
  • the sub-battery nickel metal hydride battery used in the battery system of Comparative Example 2 has a discharge depth of 20% at the upper limit voltage (12.8V) of the lead battery, and a discharge depth of 40% at the lower limit voltage (12.4V) of the lead battery.
  • the open circuit voltage vs. depth of discharge characteristics are adjusted.
  • the charging / discharging environment is set to a temperature of 25 ° C. ⁇ 2 ° C. and a wind speed of 2.0 m / s or less. Charging is performed at a charge voltage of 14.00 V ⁇ 0.03 V and a limiting current of 100.0 A ⁇ 0.5 A for 60.0 seconds ⁇ 0.3 seconds. The discharge is performed with a discharge current of 45A ⁇ 1A and is discharged until the lower limit voltage (open circuit voltage 12.4V) of the lead battery is reached.
  • Table 1 also shows the charge capacity (Ah) and discharge capacity (Ah) of a lead battery alone without a sub-battery connected as a reference example.
  • the lead battery alone has a charge capacity (Ah) of 0.10 (Ah) and a discharge capacity (Ah) of 0.80 (Ah).
  • the charge capacity (Ah) is as large as 0.90 (Ah), but the discharge capacity (Ah) is 0.82 (Ah), which is almost the same as the lead battery alone. , Can not discharge efficiently.
  • the battery system of Comparative Example 2 can increase the discharge capacity (Ah) to 1.41 (Ah), but the charge capacity (Ah) is 0.13 (Ah), which can hardly be increased from the lead battery alone.
  • the discharge capacity (Ah) is 1.30 while the charge capacity (Ah) is 0.80 (Ah), which is eight times that of the lead battery alone. 60% increase from (Ah) and lead battery alone.
  • the battery system of Example 2 has a charge capacity (Ah) of 0.70 (Ah), which is 7 times that of a lead battery alone, while a discharge capacity (Ah) of 1.36 (Ah), which is a lead battery. Increased by 70% from a single unit.
  • the charge capacity (Ah) increases to 0.55 (Ah), which is 5.5 times that of the lead battery alone, while the discharge capacity (Ah) is 1.40 (Ah). And 75% increase from lead battery alone.
  • the charging capacity (Ah) when charging with a large current of 100 A can be drastically improved from 5.5 to 8 times that of a lead battery alone, so that regenerative power generation in regenerative braking of a vehicle is possible. It can be recharged with electricity very efficiently. This is because the charging current of regenerative power is extremely large.
  • the battery system of the present invention can store energy generated by regenerative braking extremely efficiently, and supplies the stored power to the electrical equipment 5 that is a load on the vehicle side much more efficiently than the lead battery alone. it can.
  • the vehicle equipped with the battery system of the present invention realizes a feature that the fuel consumption efficiency can be considerably improved by significantly reducing the energy charged by driving the alternator 6 with the engine 7.
  • the above battery system can improve fuel efficiency even in a vehicle that is charged by driving an alternator with an engine regardless of regenerative braking. This is because the sub-battery 2 can be charged up to eight times as much power as the lead battery 1.
  • the alternator 6 of the vehicle stabilizes the output voltage to about 14 V, which is a constant voltage, in order to prevent the deterioration by charging the lead battery 1 with a constant voltage and to keep the supply voltage of the electrical equipment 5 constant. ing. Therefore, the current for the alternator 6 to charge the lead battery 1 is small and is not charged with a large current. Therefore, even if the alternator 6 having an output current of 100 A is mounted on the vehicle, the alternator 6 does not charge the lead battery 1 with 100 A. Has increased.
  • the ability of the alternator 6 to charge the battery system with a large current is effective in improving the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. This is because the alternator 6 can be operated in a region where the power generation efficiency is high, and the engine 7 can also be operated in a region where the fuel consumption rate is small. This is because the alternator 6 has low power generation efficiency at light loads, and the engine 7 has a high fuel consumption rate at light loads.
  • the vehicle battery system of the present invention protects the lead battery 1 from high-current charging by charging not only the lead battery 1 but also the sub-battery 2 with regenerative braking generated power, and is not charged by the alternator 6. In the state, power is supplied not only to the lead battery 1 but also from the charged sub-battery 2 to the electrical equipment 5, so that the lead battery 1 can be prevented from being charged and over-discharged, and the life can be remarkably increased.
  • the sub-battery 2 is the nickel metal hydride battery 3, but the lithium ion secondary battery and the lithium polymer battery can also control the voltage-depth of discharge characteristics to the optimum value, Charging capacity (Ah) and discharging capacity (Ah) can be increased to improve regenerative braking and alternator charging efficiency and discharging efficiency.
  • Charging capacity (Ah) and discharging capacity (Ah) can be increased to improve regenerative braking and alternator charging efficiency and discharging efficiency.
  • charging efficiency and discharge efficiency can be improved by controlling the open circuit voltage-discharge depth characteristics within the optimum range.
  • this battery system is also featured in that it can be mounted on a vehicle to improve fuel efficiency, and to prevent deterioration of the lead battery 1 to significantly improve the life characteristics.
  • the battery system for a vehicle of the present invention is optimally used for an idling stop vehicle in which the battery system is charged by regenerative braking because it efficiently charges the generated power to improve the fuel efficiency of the vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

Le problème décrit par la présente invention est de charger efficacement un système de batterie à l'aide d'électricité générée par le véhicule et d'amener l'électricité chargée vers le côté véhicule, tout en utilisant une configuration de circuit simple. La solution selon l'invention consiste en un système de batterie pour véhicule conçu par connexion en parallèle d'une batterie secondaire (2) à une batterie au plomb (1). Dans ce système de batterie, les caractéristiques de tension en circuit ouvert-profondeur de décharge de la batterie secondaire (2) sont telles que la batterie secondaire a une profondeur de décharge à laquelle sa charge est possible lorsque la batterie au plomb (1) est à une tension de limite supérieure et une profondeur de décharge à laquelle sa décharge est possible lorsque la batterie au plomb (1) est à une tension limite inférieure.
PCT/JP2012/080908 2012-09-05 2012-11-29 Système de batterie pour véhicule et véhicule équipé de celui-ci WO2014038099A1 (fr)

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JP2012-195249 2012-09-05

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JP7016628B2 (ja) * 2017-07-11 2022-02-07 ビークルエナジージャパン株式会社 複合蓄電システム

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