WO2014034460A1 - コネクタ用めっき端子および端子対 - Google Patents
コネクタ用めっき端子および端子対 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014034460A1 WO2014034460A1 PCT/JP2013/072073 JP2013072073W WO2014034460A1 WO 2014034460 A1 WO2014034460 A1 WO 2014034460A1 JP 2013072073 W JP2013072073 W JP 2013072073W WO 2014034460 A1 WO2014034460 A1 WO 2014034460A1
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- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- tin
- contact
- layer
- hard metal
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/03—Contact members characterised by the material, e.g. plating, or coating materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/16—Electroplating with layers of varying thickness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
- C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
- C25D5/611—Smooth layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/02—Contact members
- H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
- H01R13/11—Resilient sockets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plated terminal for a connector and a terminal pair, and more particularly to a plated terminal for a low insertion force connector and a terminal pair.
- the conductive member used for the electrical connection terminal or the like typically copper or copper alloy having good electrical conductivity is used.
- aluminum and aluminum alloys have also been used as materials constituting electrical connection terminals as materials that can replace copper and copper alloys.
- a base plating layer 42 made of nickel or the like is formed on the surface of a base material 41 made of copper or a copper alloy, aluminum or an aluminum alloy, if necessary, and then a tin layer 43.
- tin is characterized by a very soft point.
- a relatively hard insulating tin oxide film is formed on the surface of the metal tin layer.
- the tin oxide film is broken with a weak force, and the soft tin layer is easily exposed. Contact is formed.
- Patent Document 1 a nickel plating layer, a copper plating layer, and a tin plating layer are sequentially laminated on the surface of a base material made of a copper alloy, and a copper-tin alloy is interposed between the copper plating layer and the tin plating layer by reflow treatment.
- a terminal in which is formed is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a base plating layer made of a metal of Group 4 to 10 on a conductive substrate made of copper or a copper alloy, an intermediate plating layer formed from copper or a copper alloy, and tin or tin.
- the friction coefficient on the surface of the tin layer is reduced, and the terminal insertion force is reduced.
- the tin layer is thinned, the effect of reducing the contact resistance by the tin layer is reduced.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a plated terminal and terminal pair for a connector, in which a reduction in terminal insertion force and a reduction in contact resistance are compatible in a plated terminal and terminal pair for a connector having a tin layer on the outermost surface.
- a plated terminal for a connector has a coating layer containing tin and a hard metal made of a metal harder than tin at a contact portion that comes into contact with another conductive member.
- the contact portion includes both a region where tin is exposed on the outermost surface and a region where the hard metal is exposed on the outermost surface, or a region where the hard metal is covered with a tin layer thinner than other portions. It is made to include.
- a tin layer is formed on the surface of the base material having a concavo-convex structure in which a hard metal layer made of the hard metal is formed on the surface, and the convex portion of the concavo-convex structure is not covered with the tin layer.
- the contact portion is covered with a tin layer that is exposed to a thickness or thinner than the concave portion of the concave-convex structure, and the contact portion includes at least one convex portion and a concave portion of the concave-convex structure.
- two or more convex portions of the concavo-convex structure are formed in a region including the contact portion, and the minimum distance among the distances between the convex portion formed on the contact portion and another convex portion is the contact point. It is preferable that it is shorter than the longest straight line among the straight lines crossing the section.
- the outermost surface of the contact portion may be a surface having a smaller in-plane unevenness than the uneven structure of the base material.
- the base material is preferably formed by forming the hard metal layer on the surface of a plate-like base material having an uneven structure on the surface.
- the region including the contact portion includes two regions where the hard metal is exposed on the outermost surface or where the hard metal is covered with a tin layer thinner than other portions.
- a configuration in which the minimum distance among the distances connecting these regions is shorter than the longest straight line among the straight lines crossing the contact portion is also preferable.
- the hard metal may be a copper-tin alloy.
- the base material may be made of copper or a copper alloy, or aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- a nickel layer may be formed between the base material and the layer made of the copper-tin alloy.
- a terminal pair according to the present invention comprises a male connector terminal and a female connector terminal, and at least one of the male connector terminal and the female connector terminal is the above-described connector plating terminal.
- the gist of this is.
- the contact load applied to the contact portion where the male connector terminal and the female connector terminal contact each other is 2N or more.
- the hard metal made of a metal harder than tin is exposed on the outermost surface or is covered with a tin layer thinner than other regions in the contact portion. These regions contribute to reducing the coefficient of friction and the terminal insertion force at the contact portion.
- the region where the relatively thick tin is exposed on the outermost surface contributes to reducing the contact resistance of the surface due to the softness of tin and the ease of destruction of the tin oxide film.
- a tin layer is formed on the surface of the base material having a concavo-convex structure in which a hard metal layer made of a hard metal is formed on the surface, and the convex portions of the concavo-convex structure are not covered with the tin layer and exposed on the outermost surface.
- the contact part includes at least one convex part and concave part of the concavo-convex structure, the hard base material surface is exposed in the region corresponding to the convex part. Or is covered only by a relatively thin tin layer, which contributes to reducing the terminal insertion force.
- the contact part since the relatively thick tin layer is formed on the base material on which the hard metal layer is formed, the region corresponding to the concave portion contributes to reducing the contact resistance of the surface. Since the contact part includes at least one convex part and concave part of the concavo-convex structure, the contact part can enjoy both the effect of reducing the insertion force by the convex part and the effect of reducing the contact resistance in the concave part.
- the connector plating terminal is designed so as to be shorter than the longest straight line, it is configured to include at least one convex part and one concave part of the concavo-convex structure on the contact part. It is possible to reliably obtain a plated terminal for a connector that achieves both low contact resistance.
- the contact portion when the outermost surface of the contact portion is a surface having an in-plane unevenness difference smaller than the uneven structure of the base material, the contact portion can be in good contact with another conductive member at both the convex portion and the concave portion of the contact portion. it can.
- the base material is formed by forming a hard metal layer on the surface of a plate-like base material having a concavo-convex structure on the surface, it is possible to easily form a base material surface having both hardness and the concavo-convex structure. it can.
- the hard metal is a copper-tin alloy
- this layer is very hard and has a great effect on reducing the insertion force.
- a copper-tin alloy layer can be formed at the same time as a tin layer having a smooth surface by laminating a copper plating layer and a tin plating layer on the base material in this order and heat-treating, so that high productivity is achieved.
- the connector plating terminal has high conductivity.
- the metal atoms in the base material are copper-tin. Diffusion into the alloy layer and the tin layer is prevented from forming an oxide on the outermost surface of the contact portion and increasing the contact resistance. Furthermore, the nickel layer contributes to improving the adhesion between the base material and the copper-tin alloy layer.
- a hard metal made of a metal harder than tin having an effect of reducing the friction coefficient is exposed on the outermost surface. Or are covered with a tin layer thinner than other regions. At the same time, there is a region where relatively thick tin is exposed on the outermost surface, which is effective in reducing the contact resistance of the surface. As a result, a terminal pair having both a low insertion force and a low contact resistance can be obtained.
- the contact load applied to the contact portion where the male connector terminal and the female connector terminal contact each other is 2N or more
- the oxidation formed on the outermost surface of tin exposed at the contact portion Since the coating can be broken to form conduction between both terminals, the good electrical connection characteristics of tin can be effectively utilized.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the plating terminal for connectors concerning one Embodiment of this invention.
- A is sectional drawing of the whole plating terminal for connectors, and a perspective view of a contact part
- (b) is a top view which shows the structure of the surface of the coating layer exposed to the contact part surface. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the connector terminal material using the uneven structure of a base material.
- A Schematic diagram showing the structure of the contact portion when the contact portion includes one concave and convex portion of the concavo-convex structure, and (b) the contact portion does not include one concave portion and convex portion of the concavo-convex structure. It is.
- FIG. 1 (a) shows the configuration of a female connector plating terminal 1 as an example of a connector plating terminal according to the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a plating terminal or a terminal).
- the female connector plating terminal 1 has the same shape as a known female connector terminal. That is, the pinching portion 10 of the female connector plating terminal 1 is formed in a rectangular tube shape with the front opening, and the male terminal 19 is inserted into the pinching portion 10.
- an elastic contact piece 12 is formed that is folded back inward. The elastic contact piece 12 applies an upward force to the male terminal 19.
- the surface of the ceiling plate that faces the elastic contact piece 12 is the internal facing contact surface 14, and the male terminal 19 is pressed against the internal facing contact surface 14 by the elastic contact piece 12, so that the male terminal 19 becomes the elastic contact piece 12. And the inner facing contact surface 14 are held under pressure.
- An embossed portion 13 is formed on a portion of the elastic contact piece 12 that contacts the male terminal 19.
- the embossed portion 13 contacts the male terminal 19 at the contact portion 13a including the apex.
- the contact portion 13a refers to a region of the surface of the embossed portion 13 that substantially contacts the mating member (male terminal 19).
- a coating layer L including a hard metal portion H and a tin portion S is formed at least in a region including the contact portion 13a.
- FIG. 1B shows the surface of such a coating layer L in a plan view.
- Hard metal portions H are scattered in the coating layer L, and the other regions are made of tin portions S.
- the tin portion S is a region where tin is exposed on the outermost surface.
- the hard metal portion H is a region including a hard metal which is a metal harder than tin, or the hard metal is exposed on the outermost surface, or the hard metal is a tin layer thinner than that in the tin portion S. It is covered with.
- the hard metal constituting the hard metal portion H may be a pure metal or an alloy. In the case of an alloy, it may be an alloy of tin and another kind of metal or an alloy made of only a metal other than tin.
- the contact portion 13a includes both a tin portion S and a hard metal portion H.
- a tin portion S for example, in FIG. 1B, three hard metal portions H are included in the contact portion 13 a, and the other region is made of a tin portion S.
- the tin part S in which a thick tin layer is formed on the outermost surface as compared with the hard metal part H plays a role of providing good electrical contact in the contact part.
- Tin is very soft, and the oxide film formed on the surface is easily broken, so that when a load is applied from the contact part of the mating member that forms electrical contact, the soft metallic tin is easily exposed. This is because it is in close contact with the contact portion of the counterpart member.
- the hard metal constituting the hard metal portion H is harder than tin, and because of its hardness, when it is exposed on the outermost surface in the hard metal portion H, a soft layer such as a tin layer. Unlike the case where is exposed on the outermost surface, digging and adhesion on the surface are less likely to occur, and a low coefficient of friction is exhibited. Further, in the hard metal portion H, even when the hard metal is coated on the tin layer and not exposed on the outermost surface, if the tin layer is sufficiently thin, a large amount of load applied to the hard metal portion H is obtained. Since the part can be received by the hard metal, the coefficient of friction of the surface is reduced.
- the hard metal is exposed or is covered by a very thin tin layer and is present immediately below, so that the surface friction coefficient is reduced on the surface of the hard metal part H. As a result, the insertion force of the terminal is reduced.
- the contact portion 13a of the female plating terminal 1 includes both the tin portion S and the hard metal portion H. That is, the contact portion 13a contacts the contact portion of the mating connection member (male terminal 19), both the tin portion S and the hard metal portion H. Thereby, in the contact part 13a, the effect of the reduction of contact resistance and the reduction of a friction coefficient can be enjoyed simultaneously.
- the covering layer L including the hard metal portion H and the tin portion S is formed on the surface of the base material constituting the connector terminal, but the covering layer L and the underlying base material need to be clearly distinguished from each other.
- the whole base material or a part thereof may be made of a hard metal, and may constitute the hard metal portion L.
- the configuration of the coating layer L including both the tin portion S and the hard metal portion various configurations are conceivable.
- corrugated structure is mentioned.
- the tin layer 23 is formed on the surface of the base material 25 having a concavo-convex structure on which the hard metal layer 22 is formed.
- the hard metal layer 22 is formed as a part of the base material 25, and the boundary between the coating layer L and the base material of the lower layer is not formed as a clear layer boundary.
- a region including both of 22 and the tin layer 22 corresponds to the coating layer L.
- the base material 25 includes a plate-like base material 20 and a hard metal layer 22.
- a base material concavo-convex structure 21 composed of base material convex portions 21a and base material concave portions 21b is formed.
- the base material convex portion 21a refers to a portion of the base material concavo-convex structure 21 that has risen to the surface side
- the base material concave portion 21b refers to the base material concavo-convex structure 21 that falls to the inside of the base material 20. Refers to the part.
- the hard metal layer 22 formed on the surface of the base material 20 has a smaller spatial distribution of thickness than the unevenness of the base material uneven structure 21, and the uneven structure in which the base material uneven structure 21 is followed on the surface of the hard metal layer 22. 24 is formed.
- the concavo-convex structure 24 includes a convex portion 24a and a concave portion 24b.
- the convex portion 24a refers to a portion of the concavo-convex structure 24 that is raised to the surface side
- the concave portion 24b refers to a portion of the concavo-convex structure 24 that is lowered to the substrate 20 side.
- a tin layer 23 is formed on the surface of the base material 25.
- the outermost surface of the tin layer 23 has a smooth plane.
- the outermost surface of the tin layer 23 is smooth at least at a level equal to or lower than the difference in height between the convex portions 24 a and the concave portions 24 b of the concave-convex structure 24 on the surface of the base material 25.
- the smooth surface of the tin layer 23 means that the concave portion 24b on the surface of the base material 25 is covered with the relatively thick tin layer 23, whereas the convex portion 24a is a relatively thin tin layer. 23, or it is not covered with the tin layer 23 but exposed on the outermost surface.
- the portion where the concave portion 24b is formed becomes the tin portion S, which is particularly effective for reducing the contact resistance, and the portion where the convex portion 24a is formed becomes the hard metal portion H for reducing the friction coefficient. Especially effective.
- the boundary between the tin part S and the hard metal part H is not necessarily clear, but at least the convex part 24a (uneven structure). 24) is a hard metal portion H, which contributes to effective reduction of the friction coefficient.
- the substrate uneven structure 21 is formed on the surface of the substrate 20, and the hard metal layer 22 is formed thereon, so that the surface is harder than the tin layer 23 and the uneven structure 24 is formed.
- the base material 25 having the hard metal layer 22 is formed, the same effect can be exhibited even when the uneven structure 24 is directly formed on the surface of the base material 20 without the hard metal layer 22 to form the base material 25. it can.
- the base material 20 itself needs to be made of a hard metal harder than the tin plating layer 23, and it is not easy to form the uneven structure 24 on the surface of the hard base material 20 as described above. Is preferred.
- FIG. 3A shows a schematic diagram of the contact portion 13a formed using the base material 25 having the concavo-convex structure 24 described above.
- the shape of the embossed portion 13 is exaggerated for easy understanding.
- the contact portion 13a includes both the portions of the convex portions 24a and the concave portions 24b formed on the base material 20 one by one. Since the outermost surface of the tin layer 23 is smooth at least at a level equal to or less than the difference in height between the convex portions 24a and the concave portions 24b of the concavo-convex structure 24 on the surface of the base material 24, the contact portion 13a is a flat male type. The terminal 19 is in contact with both the position of the convex portion 24a and the position of the concave portion 24b. This situation does not always change even if the embossed portion 13 slides on the plane of the male terminal 19.
- the contact portion 13a slides on the male terminal 19 for insertion / extraction, the effect of reducing the friction coefficient by the convex portion 24a is enjoyed and the low insertion force state is maintained.
- the contact portion 13a is stopped at any position on the male terminal 19 and the effect of low contact resistance due to the recess 24b is enjoyed regardless of whether a current is applied.
- the contact portion 13a may include two or more convex portions 24a and / or concave portions 24b. In that case, the effect of reducing the friction coefficient and / or reducing the contact resistance is further increased.
- the contact portion when the contact portion is smaller than the above, and / or when the interval between the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b is wider than the above, the contact portion has the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24a. There may be cases where one or more of each is not included.
- the contact portion 13a 'includes only the convex portion 24a and does not include the concave portion 24b. In addition to this, there may be a situation where the contact portion includes only the concave portion 24b and does not include the convex portion 24a, or a situation where the contact portion includes neither the convex portion 24a nor the concave portion 24b.
- the contact portion 13a ' is in contact with the male terminal 19 by the convex portion 24a, so that it can receive the effect of reducing the friction coefficient, but is not in contact with the concave portion 24b.
- the effect of reducing contact resistance due to is not received. That is, although the terminal insertion force is reduced, the contact resistance has a relatively large value.
- the contact portion includes only the recess 24b, the effect of reducing the contact resistance can be enjoyed, but the effect of reducing the terminal insertion force cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the contact portion does not include the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b, neither the effect of reducing the insertion force nor the effect of reducing the contact resistance can be obtained sufficiently.
- the contact portion 13a includes at least one of the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b, the effect of reducing the friction coefficient and the effect of reducing the contact resistance can be effectively used.
- One of the methods for allowing the contact portion 13a to include at least one of the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b is to form the contact portion 13a by using a base material in which the arrangement of the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b is determined. In doing so, the area of the contact portion 13a may be designed to include at least one convex portion 24a and one concave portion 24b. The area of the contact portion of the terminal is defined by the shape and material of the contact portion.
- the concavo-convex structure 24 may be formed in the base material 25 used so that the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b are formed in the contact portion 13a having a certain area. From the viewpoint of simplicity, the former method is preferred.
- the long diameter of the contact portion 13a that is, the length of the longest straight line out of the straight lines crossing the contact portion 24a is determined on the contact portion 13a. What is necessary is just to be longer than the minimum of the distance between the certain convex part 24a formed in this, and the convex part 24a adjacent to it. Then, the midpoint of a straight line connecting between a certain convex portion formed on the contact portion 13a and at least one of the convex portions 24a adjacent thereto, that is, the position of the concave portion 24b is always included in the contact portion.
- the major axis of the contact part is defined based on the distance between the convex parts 24a as described above. In this case, it is necessary to define at least two convex portions 24a on the surface of the base material 25 in the region including the contact portion 13a because of the necessity of defining the distance between the convex portions 24a. However, the second and subsequent convex portions 24a may not exist on the contact portion 13a.
- the above condition is satisfied if the major axis of the contact portion 24a is made longer than the period of the concavo-convex structure 24.
- the contact point is smaller than the smallest distance between the convex part 24a on the contact part 13a and the adjacent convex part 24a for each terminal. It is difficult to design and manufacture so as to satisfy the condition that the major axis of the portion 13a becomes longer.
- the surface of the base material is observed with a sufficiently wide field of view, and the contact portion 13a has a longer diameter of the contact portion 13a than the maximum of the distances between two adjacent convex portions 24a. Should be designed. If the observation field of view is sufficiently wide, the above-mentioned conditions will be satisfied no matter which part of the plated member is used to manufacture the terminal.
- the contact portion 13a is formed as the apex portion of the emboss on the female connector terminal 1, and the concavo-convex structure 24 is provided on the contact portion 13a.
- the rugged structure 24 is not formed on the male terminal 19.
- an embossed structure is formed on the male terminal 19, and a contact portion is formed using a material made of a base material 25 having a concavo-convex structure 24 and a tin layer 23 at the apex, and the female connector terminal is embossed. It is also possible to employ a configuration in which the base material 25 having the concavo-convex structure 24 is not used without forming the shape structure.
- the flat plate-like member can be formed by the base material 25 having the concavo-convex structure 24 and the tin layer 23 instead of the embossed member.
- the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b needs to be included in the area of the contact portion where both the members are in contact with each other on the surface of the flat plate member.
- both the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b are always included in the contact portion. Will be.
- the contact portions of both the male terminal and the female terminal can be formed from the base material 25 having the concavo-convex structure 24 and the tin layer 23. Then, compared with the case where either one is formed of the base material 25 having the concavo-convex structure 24 and the tin layer 23, the effects of reducing the terminal insertion force and reducing the contact resistance can be obtained. In this case, it is desirable that the contact portions of both terminals include at least one of both the convex portion 24a and the concave portion 24b. However, even if only one of them satisfies this condition, the effect can be enjoyed. I can.
- the hard metal layer 22 has sufficient hardness, it can be said that, regardless of the material of the hard metal layer 22 and the base material 20, both low insertion force and low contact resistance can be achieved. The challenge can be achieved. Below, an example about the specific structure of a base material is shown.
- the base material 36 is formed by laminating a nickel layer 32 and a copper-tin alloy layer 33 in this order on the surface of a base material 30 made of copper or a copper alloy, or aluminum or an aluminum alloy, on which a base uneven structure 31 is formed. It consists of things.
- the substrate uneven structure 31 is followed by the uneven structure 34 on the surface of the copper-tin alloy layer 33.
- the thickness of the copper-tin alloy layer 33 is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 ⁇ m. If it is thinner than this, the effect of reducing the friction coefficient is not sufficiently exhibited. On the other hand, if it is thicker than this, the productivity and workability of the terminal are deteriorated.
- the copper-tin alloy layer 33 may contain copper and tin in any composition ratio as long as it has properties sufficiently harder than tin.
- the main component is an intermetallic compound of Cu 6 Sn 5 having both hardness, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance.
- the formation of the nickel layer 32 can prevent the diffusion of metal atoms from the base material 30 to the tin layer 35.
- metal atoms in the base material 30 diffuse into the tin layer 35 and are oxidized on the surface, thereby increasing the contact resistance. Is prevented.
- the nickel layer 32 also plays a role of improving the adhesion between the base material 30 and the tin layer 35.
- the base material 30 is made of copper or a copper alloy
- the former effect of preventing diffusion is important
- the base material 30 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy
- the thickness of the nickel layer 32 is preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less. If the nickel layer 32 is thinner than this, the above effect cannot be obtained sufficiently. If the nickel layer 32 is thicker than this, the workability of the plated terminal is deteriorated.
- the average thickness of the tin layer 35 formed on the surface of the nickel layer 32 is 0.2 to It is desirable that the thickness be in the range of 5.0 ⁇ m, and it is desirable that the thickness be in the range of 1.2 to 20 ⁇ m at the location where the thickness is maximum, that is, the position of the recess 34b. If the tin layer 35 is thinner than this range, the effect of reducing the contact resistance is hardly exerted. If the tin layer 35 is thicker than this range, the friction coefficient can be reduced by forming the hard copper-tin alloy layer 33 below. The effect is not fully exhibited.
- the thickness of the tin layer 35 at the position where the thickness is minimum that is, the position of the convex portion 34a is 0.2 ⁇ m or less. If it is thicker than this, the effect of reducing the friction coefficient at the protrusion 34a due to the formation of the hard copper-tin alloy layer 33 underneath is not sufficiently exhibited.
- the thickness of the tin layer 35 at the position of the convex portion 34a may be zero. That is, the copper-tin alloy layer 33 may be exposed on the outermost surface.
- the average arithmetic roughness (Ra) of the outermost surface of the tin layer 35 is desirably 0.15 ⁇ m or more in at least one direction and 3.0 ⁇ m or less in all directions. If the average arithmetic roughness is larger than this, the smoothness of the outermost surface of the contact portion of the terminal is lowered, the area in contact with the contact portion of the other party is reduced, and good electrical connection cannot be achieved. Moreover, even if the structure of the contact portion is designed so that the convex portion 34a and the concave portion 34b are included in the contact portion, both the convex portion 34a and the concave portion 34b may not contribute to the contact with the counterpart contact portion. As a result, it is impossible to simultaneously enjoy the effects of both reducing the friction coefficient at the position of the convex portion 34a and reducing the contact resistance at the position of the concave portion 34b.
- the average interval between the convex portions 34a is desirably 0.5 mm or less in at least one direction. If the interval is larger than this, it is difficult to include at least one convex portion 34a and at least one concave portion 34b in the contact portion of the connector terminal.
- the base material 36 and the tin layer 35 may be formed by any method.
- the base material uneven structure 31 is formed on the surface of the base material 30 made of copper or copper alloy, or aluminum or aluminum alloy by a sandblast method, and the nickel layer 32 is formed on the surface by electrolytic plating.
- a copper plating layer and a tin layer may be laminated in this order. Thereafter, a reflow process is performed to form the copper-tin alloy layer 33 and smooth the surface of the tin layer 35.
- a nickel layer may be formed after depositing a metal layer such as zinc on the surface of the base material 30 by electroless plating, if necessary.
- the plating structure having the concavo-convex structure 34 as described above includes at least the contact portion of the plating terminal, but it is easy to selectively form such a structure in the vicinity of the contact portion. is not. From the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferable to punch out a plate material on which the base material 36 having the concavo-convex structure 34 and the tin layer 35 are formed in a predetermined shape to form a terminal shape.
- any of copper, a copper alloy, aluminum, and an aluminum alloy can be adopted as the material constituting the substrate 30, and any one may be selected depending on the application.
- the electric wire connected to the plating terminal is made of copper or a copper alloy
- copper or a copper alloy may be selected as the base material 30.
- the base material 30 is used.
- Aluminum or an aluminum alloy may be selected.
- electric wires made of aluminum or aluminum alloys have been used in recent years especially in the field of wiring for automobiles due to demands for reducing the weight of electric wiring, and are excellent connectors based on aluminum or aluminum alloys.
- the importance of plating terminals is increasing.
- the connector terminal material in which the coating layer L including the hard metal portion H and the tin portion S is formed can be realized by various other configurations.
- FIG. 5A shows a configuration of the coating layer L using the columnar hard metal region 22.
- a hard metal region 22 is formed in a columnar shape on the surface of the base material 25, and a tin layer 23 is formed in a region between the hard metal regions 22.
- the tin layer 23 may be formed with a thickness that partially exposes the top of the hard metal region 22 as shown in FIG. 5A or with a thickness that covers the hard metal region 22 thinly. Then, the region where the hard metal region 22 is exposed or the region covered with the thin tin layer becomes the hard metal portion H, and the portion between the hard metal regions 22 becomes the tin portion S.
- the columnar hard metal region 22 can be formed, for example, by performing plating, vapor deposition, or the like on the base material 25 using a mask pattern.
- FIG. 5B shows a configuration of a coating layer L using a hard metal region 22 in a three-dimensional domain (three-dimensional cluster) shape.
- the hard metal region 22 and the tin region 23 are mixed in the coating layer L.
- region 23 was exposed are mixed on the outermost surface of the coating layer L.
- Such a coating layer L may be formed by a method according to the properties of the hard metal material, such as whether or not an alloy with tin is formed.
- tin and hard metal or tin and And a method of simultaneously plating and vapor-depositing a metal material that forms a hard metal by alloying.
- a method of laminating a layer made of a tin layer and a hard metal (or a metal material that forms a hard metal by alloying with tin) and heating them to diffuse each other can be mentioned.
- a plurality of hard metal portions H are formed in the terminal contact portion, and the major axis of the contact portion becomes longer than the maximum of the distances connecting two adjacent hard metal portions H among them.
- the terminal pair according to the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a pair of a male connector terminal and a female connector terminal, and at least one contact portion of the male connector terminal and the female connector terminal,
- the coating layer L including the hard metal portion H and the tin portion S is formed.
- both the insertion force reduction effect which the hard metal part H has, and the contact resistance reduction effect which the tin part S has can be enjoyed.
- the case where the coating layer L including the hard metal portion H and the tin portion S is formed at the contact portion of both the male and female connector terminals is formed compared with the case where the contact portion is formed at one of the contact portions.
- a terminal pair of a type in which an embossed contact portion is formed on a female connector terminal and the embossed portion slides on the surface of a flat male connector terminal tab is often used.
- the coating layer L including the hard metal portion H and the tin portion S is formed on the female connector terminal, the insertion force can be reduced if the coating layer L is formed at least on the surface of the embossed contact portion. Can be demonstrated.
- the coating layer L is formed on the male connector terminal, the coating layer L is formed on the entire region where the embossed contact portion of the female connector terminal on the flat terminal tab slides. This is preferable in the sense that the effect of reducing the insertion force over the sliding region is enjoyed.
- the contact load applied to the contact portion of such a terminal pair is preferably 2N or more.
- the oxide film formed on the surface of the tin part S exposed at the contact part is broken.
- the tin in a metallic state that is soft and has a low contact resistance is exposed to the outermost surface of the tin portion S and is brought into electrical contact, high connection reliability is achieved.
- the contact load is less than 2N, the film resistance having a large dependency on the contact load contributes predominantly to the contact resistance, and when the contact load is 2N or more, the dependency on the contact load is small. Concentration resistance contributes predominantly.
- a nickel layer having an average thickness of 0.3 ⁇ m is formed on a copper alloy base material having a concavo-convex structure, a copper-tin alloy layer is formed thereon, and a tin layer having a smooth surface is further formed thereon.
- a formed plating member was prepared. The average thickness of the tin layer was 0.9 ⁇ m.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the surface of this plated member is shown in FIG.
- a plating member used for a normal tin plating terminal in which a tin layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m was formed on a copper alloy base material was prepared, and a female connector terminal having the same shape as that of the example was formed.
- the contact resistance value of each plated member according to the example and the comparative example was evaluated by measuring the contact load-contact resistance characteristic. That is, for each plated member, the contact resistance was measured by the four-terminal method. At this time, the open circuit voltage was 20 mV, the energization current was 10 mA, and the load application speed was 0.1 mm / min. The load was applied in the direction of increasing and decreasing the load of 0 to 40 N. One of the electrodes was a flat plate and the other was an embossed shape with a radius of 1 mm.
- FIG. 8 shows the measurement result of the terminal insertion force.
- the insertion force of the terminal according to the comparative example is about 2.5 N
- the insertion force of the terminal according to the example is about 1.2 N, which is half or less.
- a plating laminated structure in which a copper-tin plating layer having a concavo-convex structure is covered with a smooth tin plating layer is formed in the terminal contact portion, and the convex and concave portions of the concavo-convex structure are included in the terminal contact portion.
- the terminal insertion force is greatly reduced as compared with the case of using tin-plated terminals.
- FIG. 9 is a logarithmic representation of the contact load-contact resistance characteristics obtained for the plated member according to the example.
- Film resistance is contact resistance generated by the presence of an insulating film such as an oxide film formed on the conductor surface.
- Concentration resistance is derived from microscopic irregularities on the conductor surface and is macroscopic (apparent) This is because the current flows only through the portion of the true contact formed in the minute area of the contact area.
- the contact load is increased, the film resistance decreases due to physical destruction of the insulating film. That is, if a contact load necessary to break the insulating film is applied to the contact portion, it is hardly affected by the film resistance, and conduction can be formed in the concentrated resistance region.
- Equation (1) the first term on the right side represents the contribution of concentrated resistance, and the second term represents the contribution of film resistance.
- the concentrated resistance shows a dependence of the contact load F to the power of 1 ⁇ 2, whereas the film resistance shows a dependence of the load F to the power of ⁇ 1. That is, when the dependence of the contact resistance on the contact load is logarithmically displayed, the region where the film resistance is dominant is approximated to a straight line having a slope of ⁇ 1, and the region where the concentrated resistance is dominant is a straight line having a slope of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2. Should be approximated. Then, at the intersection between the two straight lines, the region where the film resistance is dominant should be switched to the region where the concentrated resistance is dominant.
- an area that can be approximated by a straight line with a slope of ⁇ 1 is observed on the low load side, and an approximate straight line with a slope of ⁇ 1/2 can be approximated on the high load side, as indicated by a thin line in the figure. Area is observed. It is considered that each corresponds to a region where the film resistance is dominant and a region where the concentrated resistance is dominant. The intersection of both straight lines is obtained at 2N. In other words, if a contact load of at least 2N is applied, the contribution of the film resistance having a large value and large load dependency is almost eliminated, and electrical contact is performed in a concentrated resistance region having a small value and small load dependency. become. Therefore, by applying a contact load of 2N or more to the contact portion of the terminal pair, it is possible to obtain a good electrical contact with a small and stable contact resistance.
- the tin layer not the copper-tin plating layer, is mainly responsible for electrical conduction, and the tin oxide film covering the surface of the tin layer exposed on the contact portion surface is destroyed. This means that a low contact resistance mainly consisting of the concentrated resistance of tin can be obtained.
Abstract
Description
5.0μmの範囲にあることが望ましく、厚さが最大の箇所つまり凹部34bの位置で
1.2~20μmの範囲にあることが望ましい。スズ層35がこの範囲よりも薄いと、接触抵抗の低減の効果が十分に発揮され難く、この範囲より厚いと、硬い銅-スズ合金層33が下に形成されていることによる摩擦係数低減の効果が十分に発揮され難くなる。
凹凸構造を有する銅合金母材の上に、平均厚さ0.3μmのニッケル層が形成され、その上に銅-スズ合金層が形成され、さらにその上に表面が平滑化されたスズ層が形成されためっき部材を準備した。スズ層の厚さは平均で0.9μmであった。このめっき部材の表面の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)像を図7に示すが、暗く観察される凹凸構造の凸部が形成された位置の間隔は、最小で5μm、最大で97μmであった。
銅合金母材の上に、厚さ1μmのスズ層が形成された通常のスズめっき端子に使用されるめっき部材を準備し、実施例と同様の形状を有するメス型コネクタ用端子を形成した。
(端子挿入力の評価)
実施例及び比較例にかかる端子について、以下の方法で挿入力を測定した。つまり、アイコーエンジニアリング製MODEL-1605N型精密荷重試験機を用いて、メス型端子を嵌合間口が上向きになるように固定し、挿入方向が下向きになるようにロードセルに取り付けたオス型端子をメス型端子の上方からヘッドスピードが10mm/min.となるように下方へ移動させ、挿入が完了するまでのロードセル荷重変化を測定した。
実施例および比較例にかかる各めっき部材について、接触荷重-接触抵抗特性の計測によって接触抵抗値を評価した。つまり、各めっき部材について、接触抵抗を四端子法によって測定した。この際、開放電圧を20mV、通電電流を10mA、荷重印加速度を0.1mm/min.とし、0~40Nの荷重を増加させる方向と減少させる方向に印加した。電極は、一方を平板とし、一方を半径1mmのエンボス形状とした。
(端子挿入力の評価)
図8に、端子挿入力の測定結果を示す。これを見ると、比較例にかかる端子においては、挿入力が約2.5Nであるのに対し、実施例にかかる端子においては、挿入力は半分以下の約1.2Nとなっている。
図9に、実施例にかかるめっき部材について得られた接触荷重-接触抵抗特性を両対数表示したものを示す。
Claims (12)
- 別の導電性部材と接触する接点部にスズとスズよりも硬い金属よりなる硬質金属とを含んでなる被覆層を有し、
前記接点部内に、スズが最表面に露出した領域と前記硬質金属が最表面に露出した領域の両方を含むか、または、前記硬質金属が他の部位よりも薄いスズ層によって被覆された領域を含むことを特徴とするコネクタ用めっき端子。 - 前記硬質金属よりなる硬質金属層が表面に形成された凹凸構造を有する母材の表面にスズ層が形成されており、前記凹凸構造の凸部は前記スズ層に覆われず最表面に露出しているか又は前記凹凸構造の凹部よりも薄いスズ層によって被覆され、前記接点部は前記凹凸構造の凸部と凹部を少なくとも1つずつ含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記接点部を含む領域に前記凹凸構造の凸部が2つ以上形成され、前記接点部に形成された凸部と別の凸部との距離のうち最小の距離が、前記接点部を横切る直線のうち最長の直線よりも短いことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記接点部の最表面は、前記母材の凹凸構造よりも面内の凹凸差が小さい面よりなることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記母材は、表面に凹凸構造を有する板状の基材の表面に前記硬質金属層が形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれかに記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記接点部を含む領域に、前記硬質金属が最表面に露出した領域または前記硬質金属が他の部位よりも薄いスズ層によって被覆された領域が2つ以上形成され、それらの領域を結ぶ距離のうち最小の距離が、前記接点部を横切る直線のうち最長の直線よりも短いことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記硬質金属は銅-スズ合金であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記基材は、銅又は銅合金よりなることを特徴とする請求項5又は7に記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記基材は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金よりなることを特徴とする請求項5又は7に記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- 前記基材と前記銅-スズ合金よりなる層の間には、ニッケル層が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項7~9のいずれかに記載のコネクタ用めっき端子。
- オス型コネクタ端子とメス型コネクタ端子とからなり、
前記オス型コネクタ端子と前記メス型コネクタ端子の少なくとも一方が請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のコネクタ用めっき端子よりなることを特徴とする端子対。 - 前記オス型コネクタ端子と前記メス型コネクタ端子とが相互に接触する接点部に印加される接触荷重が、2N以上であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の端子対。
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CN201380045494.9A CN104604036A (zh) | 2012-08-31 | 2013-08-19 | 连接器用镀敷端子以及端子对 |
JP2014532929A JPWO2014034460A1 (ja) | 2012-08-31 | 2013-08-19 | コネクタ用めっき端子および端子対 |
US14/422,273 US20150236439A1 (en) | 2012-08-31 | 2013-08-19 | Plated terminal for connector, and terminal pair |
DE112013004236.3T DE112013004236T5 (de) | 2012-08-31 | 2013-08-19 | Plattierter Anschluss für Verbinder und Anschlusspaar |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2014034460A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
DE112013004236T5 (de) | 2015-06-11 |
CN104604036A (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
US20150236439A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
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