WO2014034144A1 - 光信号処理装置 - Google Patents

光信号処理装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014034144A1
WO2014034144A1 PCT/JP2013/005156 JP2013005156W WO2014034144A1 WO 2014034144 A1 WO2014034144 A1 WO 2014034144A1 JP 2013005156 W JP2013005156 W JP 2013005156W WO 2014034144 A1 WO2014034144 A1 WO 2014034144A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wavelength selective
output port
input
selective switch
port
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/005156
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
雄一 樋口
山口　城治
葉玉　恒一
石井　雄三
鈴木　賢哉
和則 妹尾
武司 河合
Original Assignee
日本電信電話株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 日本電信電話株式会社 filed Critical 日本電信電話株式会社
Priority to JP2014532811A priority Critical patent/JP6068478B2/ja
Priority to US14/417,709 priority patent/US9645321B2/en
Priority to CN201380045794.7A priority patent/CN104603671B/zh
Publication of WO2014034144A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014034144A1/ja

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/356—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical signal processing apparatus.
  • WDM Widelength Division Multiplexing
  • one optical signal corresponds to one wavelength
  • wavelength multiplexing is performed for transmission.
  • WDM Widelength Division Multiplexing
  • an optical switch that switches a path without converting an optical signal into an electric signal or the like has been spotlighted.
  • a wavelength selective switch for example, see Patent Document 1
  • WSS wavelength selective switch
  • the wavelength selective switch shown in FIG. 1 includes a fiber array 001, a microlens array 002, a condenser lens 003, a cylindrical lens 004, a first main lens 005, a diffraction grating 006, a second main lens 007, and a MEMS mirror array 008. It has a configuration in which they are arranged along the z direction in this order.
  • the fiber array 001 is configured by arranging a plurality of optical fibers in the y direction, and is divided into an input port for emitting input light and an output port for receiving output light.
  • one input port 0011 and four output ports 0012 are provided.
  • the microlens array 002 is arranged in the same y direction as the fiber array 001, and on the output side of the input port of the fiber array 001 and on the input side of the output port, each microlens faces each optical fiber of the corresponding fiber array 001 Arranged as.
  • Each microlens of the microlens array 002 shapes the beam shape emitted from the corresponding input / output port of each optical fiber of the fiber array 001 and converts it into collimated light.
  • the condenser lens 003 crosses chief rays at a certain point 009 (hereinafter referred to as A point) in the light emitted from each fiber.
  • a point a certain point 009
  • the distance between the focusing lens 003 and the point A 009 is the same as the focal length of the focusing lens 003.
  • the cylindrical lens 004 forms the beam shape at the point A 009 into an elliptical beam.
  • the first main lens 005, the second main lens 007, and the diffraction grating 006 constitute a 4f optical system.
  • the distance between the point A and the first main lens is the same as the focal length f1 of the first main lens, and the distance between the second main lens and the MEMS mirror is the focal length f2 of the second main lens It is the same. Since the 4f optical system is configured, the beam shape formed at the point A 009 is projected on the MEMS mirror 008.
  • the beam diameter projected onto the MEMS mirror 008 at this time is expanded or reduced to the focal length ratio f2 / f1 times the beam diameter at the point A.
  • the diffraction grating 006 separates the wavelength-multiplexed signal light for each wavelength.
  • the signal light separated for each wavelength is irradiated to the corresponding MEMS mirror via the second main lens 007.
  • the MEMS mirror 008 includes a plurality of mirror elements, and the straight lines passing through the centers of the mirror elements of the MEMS mirror 008 are arranged along the x-axis direction. Such a MEMS mirror 008 is disposed at the focal position of the second main lens in a state where the main surface of each mirror element is opposed to the second main lens.
  • the MEMS mirror 008 changes the chief ray of each emitted signal light into an angle ⁇ x, reflects it, and selects an output port to be incident. Since each mirror element of the MEMS mirror 008 rotates around the x axis orthogonal to the wavelength separation axis z axis, the incident angle at the point A 009 is changed by changing the emission angle by rotation.
  • the wavelength selective switch can select the output port 0012 on which the chief ray is incident.
  • the wavelength selective switch can switch the output port for each wavelength by changing the emission angle of the MEMS mirror assigned for each signal light.
  • FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram describing a wavelength selective switch unit in a case where two wavelength selective switches (WSS) are mounted in one node.
  • the optical signal that has entered the node 200 is demultiplexed by the wavelength selective switch 201, and divided into the signal flowing to the next wavelength selective switch 202 and the signal flowing to the receivers 203-1 and 203-2.
  • the next wavelength selective switch 202 multiplexes the signal flowing from the previous wavelength selective switch 201 and the signal light from the transmitters 204-1 and 204-2, and outputs the signal light from the node 200.
  • nodes In addition to wavelength selective switches, nodes generally have optical components such as an optical monitor, an optical amplifier, and an optical coupler mounted thereon, and also have functions such as failure detection, optical quality compensation, and optical quality deterioration detection.
  • FIG. 3 shows the node configuration when the number of routes is four. It is a node configuration that can switch each signal wavelength to an arbitrary route. At this time, eight wavelength selective switches are mounted. Although the number of routes is four, the number of routes may be any number, and as the number of routes increases, the number of wavelength selective switches used increases.
  • the size of the node is increased, and the cost of the node is increased by the number of wavelength selective switches and the like. Therefore, common parts are shared among a plurality of wavelength selective switches, etc. If the parts capable of functional integration can be manufactured as one part, the size of each device in the node is reduced and the cost is reduced. be able to.
  • the present invention provides the arrangement of input / output ports and the arrangement of optical systems necessary for sharing a part of optical components of a plurality of wavelength selective switches.
  • the present invention provides an input / output port production means capable of accurately mounting the input / output port which is increased by mounting a plurality of wavelength selective switches.
  • the present invention further provides a means for integrating node functions at the input / output port of the wavelength selective switch to reduce the size of the in-node device.
  • the wavelength selective switch array comprises at least one input port for inputting light, at least one output port for receiving light from the input port, and at least a beam shape of light incident from the input port.
  • One light-collecting element, at least one dispersive element for dispersing light incident from the input port for each wavelength, light for each wavelength dispersed in the dispersive element, for each wavelength to the output port A wavelength selective switch array comprising n wavelength selective switches having at least one wavefront control element to be reflected on the same substrate, wherein at least one of the light collecting element, the dispersive element and the wavefront control element is used.
  • the n wavelength selective switches can be shared.
  • n wavelength selective switches of the present invention can share the at least one light collecting element.
  • the principal ray of each wavelength of light entering and exiting the input port and the output port intersects at one point on the wavefront control element in the same wavelength selective switch.
  • the different wavelength selective switches may not intersect on the wavefront control element.
  • the input port and the output port are arranged in a circular arc centering on one point on the wavefront control element in the same wavelength selective switch, and between different wavelength selective switches Can be arranged on different arcs centered on different points on the wavefront control element.
  • the angles of chief rays entering and exiting the input port and the output port can be different between the different wavelength selective switches.
  • the input port and the output port are arranged such that the incident and output angles of the chief ray become parallel in the same wavelength selective switch, and the chief ray between different wavelength selective switches It can be arranged such that the incident and exit angles of are non-parallel.
  • the principal ray of each wavelength of light entering and exiting the input port and the output port intersects at one point outside the wavefront control element in the same wavelength selective switch. Also, one point outside the wavefront control element can be different between the different wavelength selective switches.
  • the input port and the output port can be arranged such that the incident and output angles of the chief ray are different in the same wavelength selective switch.
  • the input port and the output port are disposed such that the incident and outgoing angles of the chief ray are parallel in the same wavelength selective switch, and the chief ray is arranged by at least one lens. It can be arranged such that the incident and exit angles of the chief ray become nonparallel between different wavelength selective switches.
  • the input port and the output port, or the input port and the output port and at least one of the light collecting element, the dispersive element and the wavefront control element may be planar lightwave circuits. It can be made.
  • the size and cost increase of the node device can be reduced.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing nodes when the number of routes of the wavelength selective switch described in Patent Document 1 is four. It is a figure showing a 1st embodiment of a wavelength selective switch concerning the present invention. It is a figure showing a 1st embodiment of a wavelength selective switch concerning the present invention. It is a figure which shows the example which integrated the input port array and microlens array of 1st embodiment of the wavelength selective switch which concern on this invention in PLC. It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment of the wavelength selective switch which concerns on this invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a view showing details of a planar lightwave circuit of the wavelength selective switch shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B.
  • Embodiment 1 The wavelength selective switch array 4100 of the first embodiment is shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.
  • the wavelength selective switch array 4100 in FIGS. 4A and 4B includes an input / output port array group 4101, a microlens array group 4102, a dispersive element 4103, a condenser lens 4104, and a reflective wavefront control element 4105.
  • the wavelength selective switch array of the present invention comprises a plurality of input / output port arrays, and a plurality of optical input / output ports are provided in each input / output port array.
  • FIG. 4A is a wavelength selective switch array as viewed from the wavelength dispersion direction orthogonal to the port direction
  • FIG. 4B is a port direction sectional view of the wavelength selective switch array.
  • the input / output port array group 4101 is configured by arranging a plurality of optical fibers in a line, and is divided into an input port for emitting input light and an output port for receiving output light.
  • a first input / output port array 4101a a first input / output port array 4101a
  • a second input / output port array 4101b a second input / output port array 4101b
  • two input / output port arrays are provided.
  • the first input / output port array 4101a is provided with one input port 4101a-1 and two output ports 4101a-2 and 3.
  • the second input / output port array 4101 b is provided with one input port 4101 b-1 and two output ports 4101 b-2 and 3.
  • the microlens array 4102 is arranged in the same direction as the input / output port array group 4101, and an input / output port array group in which each microlens corresponds to the output side of the input port of the input / output port array 4101 group and the input side of the output port. It is arranged to face each of the optical fibers 4101.
  • Each microlens of the microlens array 4102 shapes the beam shape emitted from the corresponding input / output port 4101a-1 to 4101a-3, 4101b-1 to 4101b-3 of each optical fiber of the fiber array, and converts it into collimated light Do.
  • the dispersive element 4103 splits the light irradiated from each of the input ports 4101 a-1 and 4101 b-1 of the input / output port array group 4101 for each wavelength, and divides the light into wavefronts through the condenser lens 4104.
  • the control element 4105 is irradiated.
  • an example of the dispersive element 4103 is a diffraction grating, it is not limited thereto.
  • the condenser lens 4104 is a cylindrical lens and has an effect of changing the shape of the beam irradiated to the wavefront control element 4105. By reducing the beam diameter in the wavelength demultiplexing direction on the wavefront control element 4105, the transmission band of the signal light can be broadened.
  • the reflection type wavefront control element 4105 changes the emission angle by wavefront control to reflect the emitted principal rays, and selects an output port on which the principal rays are incident.
  • the wavefront control elements 4105 are configured to be arranged in a line in the wavelength dispersion direction with respect to the input / output port array of each wavelength selective switch, and are disposed on at least one or more substrates. Since the light beam divided by the dispersive element 4103 differs in the irradiation position of the principal ray of the wavefront control element 4105 for each wavelength, the plurality of wavefront control elements 4105 arranged on the substrate independently change the emission angle.
  • the output port 4101a-2 or 4101a-3, or 4101b-2 or 4101b-3 can be selected for each wavelength by changing the emission angle.
  • the wavefront control element 4105 is provided with a reflective surface, and is disposed in a state where the reflective surface is opposed to the condenser lens.
  • the reflective surface of the reflective wavefront control element 4105 is supported rotatably in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the wavelength dispersion direction, that is, around the axis of the wavelength dispersion direction.
  • the output port (4101a-2 or 3, 4101b-2 or 3) to which the chief ray is incident can be selected.
  • the light beam incident on the wavefront control element 4105 is not limited to a parallel beam, and may be a condensed beam or a diverging beam.
  • LCOS Liquid Crystal on Silicon
  • MEMS Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
  • liquid crystal panel DMD (Digital Micromirror Device), or the like
  • DMD Digital Micromirror Device
  • the reflected light direction can be changed, and can be coupled to another port 4101a-3.
  • the output port to be coupled may be the same 4101a-1 as the input port, in which case a circulator is added to separate the output light.
  • the optical system is designed such that the principal ray of each wavelength of the beam input and output from the same input / output port array, ie, the first input / output port array 4101a, intersects at the same point 4106a on the wavefront control element 4105 As a result, high coupling efficiency can be secured.
  • the same port switching operation is realized also for the second input / output port array 4101 b. That is, the light emitted from one port 4101 b-1 of the second input / output port array 4101 b passes through the corresponding micro lens 4102 b-1 of the second micro lens array 4102 b, the dispersion element 4103, and the condenser lens 4104.
  • the wavefront control element 4105 is irradiated. The light irradiated to the wavefront control element 4105 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the condenser lens 4104 and the dispersion element 4103 again, and then the microlenses 4102 b-2 in the second microlens array 4102 b.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 4101b-3.
  • the principal ray of each wavelength of the beam input / output from the same input / output port array, that is, the second input / output port array 4101 b is identical on the wavefront control element 4105
  • the optical system is designed to intersect at point 4106 b of
  • the condensing point 4106 b related to the second input / output port array 4101 b is located at a position different from the condensing point 4106 a related to the first input / output port array 4101 a.
  • the fibers connected to the first input / output port array 4101a are arranged on an arc centered on the point 4106a and connected to the second input / output port array 4101a The fibers are arranged on an arc centered at 4106 b.
  • the beam electric field profile of the light emitted from the input port on the wavefront control element 4105 is corrected by E 0
  • the beam electric field profile of the light assumed to be emitted from any output port is corrected by the wavefront control element 4 1 If the phase to be
  • s is the area on the wavefront control element 4105 surface.
  • the beam electric field profiles of the light emitted from the input and output ports of the input and output port array group 4101 have the same Gaussian shape.
  • the intensity distribution of the beam profile emitted from the input / output port is close on the wavefront control element 4105, and the phase of the beam profile of the light emitted from the input / output port is made to coincide with the phase H of the wavefront control element If it can be done, the coupling efficiency will be high.
  • a node provided with a wavelength selective switch array according to the present invention is configured to include a plurality of wavelength selective switches (two in the present embodiment), at least a plurality of input / output port arrays and a microlens array exist. Therefore, in order to be compactly mounted, high density arrangement is required, and high mounting accuracy is required. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the input / output port array and the microlens array are integrated in a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) using a photolithographic technique, thereby achieving high mask accuracy. A highly accurate arrangement can be realized.
  • FIG. 5 shows an input / output port array group 4201 and a microlens array group 4202.
  • the input / output port array group 4201 corresponds to the input / output port array group 4101 in FIG. 5, and the microlens array group 4202 corresponds to the microlens array group 4102.
  • the light emitted from one port 4201a-1 of the first input / output port array 4201a passes through the corresponding micro lens 4202a-1 of the first micro lens array 4202a, and the dispersion elements 4103 and after shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. It is emitted to the optical system.
  • the light returned from the dispersive element 4103 passes through the microlenses 4202a-2 in the first microlens array 4202a and is coupled to the ports 4201a-2 in the first input / output port array 4201a.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the configuration in which the input / output port array group 4201 and the microlens array group 4202 are manufactured by PLC, but only the input / output port array group (4101a and 4101b) is manufactured by PLC It is also possible to integrate some of the optical components other than the wavefront control element 4105 into the PLC.
  • the input / output ports and the microlens array can be integrated into the PLC by dividing each input / output port array, and the PLCs can be prepared as many as the number of wavelength selective switches.
  • the PLC substrates corresponding to the respective wavelength selective switches may be arranged in parallel to one another or at an appropriate angle to one another. With such a three-dimensional arrangement, it is easy to increase the port density and increase the number of ports in a compact manner.
  • wavelength selective switch a functional element such as light branching, light merging, switches, light receiving elements, and gratings.
  • the principal ray condensing position of each wavelength selective switch of the input / output port array group 4101 is changed, and the ports are arranged on a circular arc centering on the condensing position, so that the switch group can be simplified.
  • Multiple configurations are possible.
  • the dispersive element 4103 a plurality of wavelength selective switches can be configured.
  • mounting errors can be reduced by fabricating the port with a planar lightwave circuit, and additional functions can be easily mounted.
  • the port is a fiber, but a fiber and a microlens array may be combined to form a port.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B A wavelength selective switch array 6100 according to a second embodiment is shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
  • 6A and 6B each include an input / output port array group 6101, a microlens array group 6102, a condenser lens 6103, a dispersive element 6104, a cylindrical lens 6105, and a reflective wavefront control element 4106.
  • the wavelength selective switch of the present invention comprises a plurality of input / output port arrays, and a plurality of optical input / output ports are provided in each input / output port array.
  • two wavelength selective switches are configured on the same substrate.
  • FIG. 6A is a wavelength selective switch array as viewed from the wavelength dispersion direction orthogonal to the port direction
  • FIG. 6B is a port direction sectional view of the wavelength selective switch array.
  • the I / O port array group 6101 is the same as the I / O port array group 4101 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B and the micro lens array group 6102 except for the micro lens array group 4102 except for the arrangement method. is there. Further, the reflective wavefront control element 6106 is the same as the reflective wavefront control element 4105.
  • the dispersive element 6104 splits the light irradiated from each of the input ports 6101a-1 and 6101b-1 of the input / output port array group 6101 for each wavelength, and controls the wavefront of the split light through the cylindrical lens 6105.
  • the element 6106 is irradiated.
  • the condenser lens 6103 and the cylindrical lens 6105 have an effect of changing the shape of the beam irradiated to the wavefront control element.
  • By reducing the beam diameter in the wavelength demultiplexing direction on the wavefront control element it is possible to widen the transmission band of the signal light.
  • by increasing the beam shape in the port switching direction it is possible to reduce the emission angle required for switching.
  • the light emitted from one port 6101a-1 of the first input / output port array 6101a corresponds to the corresponding microlens 6102a-1, condenser lens 6103, dispersive element 6104, cylindrical lens 6105 of the first microlens array 6102a.
  • the wavefront control element 6106 is irradiated as it is.
  • the light emitted to the wavefront control element 6106 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the cylindrical lens 6105, the dispersion element 6104, and the condenser lens 6103 again, and then the microlenses in the first microlens array 6102a 6102a-2 and couple to port 6101a-2 in the first input / output port array 6101a.
  • Condenser lens 6103 has a function to parallelize light of an arbitrary angle intersecting at the same point 6107a on the wavefront control element on the input / output port surface, and the ports in the same group are arranged in parallel .
  • the output port to be coupled may be the same 6101a-1 as the input port, in which case a circulator is added to separate the output light.
  • the optical system is designed such that the principal ray of each wavelength of the beam input and output from the same input / output port array, ie, the first input / output port array 6101a, intersects at the same point 6107a on the wavefront control element 6106 As a result, high coupling efficiency can be secured.
  • the same port switching operation is realized also for the second input / output port array 6101 b. That is, light emitted from one port 6101b-1 of the second input / output port group 6101b is transmitted to the corresponding microlens 6102b-1 of the second microlens array 6102b, the condenser lens 6103, the dispersive element 6104, and the cylindrical lens It passes through 6105 and is irradiated to the wavefront control element 6106. The light irradiated to the wavefront control element 6106 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the cylindrical lens 6105, the dispersion element 6104, and the condenser lens 6103 again, and then the microlenses in the second microlens array 6102b.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 6101b-3.
  • the principal rays for each wavelength of the beam input / output from the same input / output port array, that is, the first input / output port array 6101 b are identical on the wavefront control element 6106.
  • the optical system is designed to intersect at point 6107 b of
  • the coupling efficiency is high if the overlap between the input and output beams is large and the phases are aligned. That is, for coupling to ports belonging to the same group to be connected, beams can be designed to overlap and be in phase to selectively enhance coupling efficiency. On the other hand, for coupling to ports belonging to different groups, the beams can be designed not to overlap to suppress crosstalk.
  • the principal ray input / output angle of each wavelength selective switch of the input / output port array group 6101 is changed, and fibers connected to the input / output port of each wavelength selective switch are arranged in parallel, resulting in a simple configuration.
  • a plurality of wavelength selective switches can be configured.
  • a plurality of wavelength selective switches can be configured.
  • mounting errors can be reduced by fabricating the port with a planar lightwave circuit, and additional functions can be easily mounted.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B each include an input / output port array group 7101, a micro lens array group 7102, a condenser lens 7103, a dispersion element 7104, a cylindrical lens 7105, and a reflective wavefront control element 7106.
  • the wavelength selective switch array of the present invention comprises a plurality of input / output port arrays, and a plurality of optical input / output ports are provided in each input / output port array.
  • FIG. 7A is a wavelength dispersion direction orthogonal to the port direction
  • FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view in the port direction.
  • the I / O port array group 7101 is the same as the I / O port array group 4101 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B and the micro lens array group 7102 except for the micro lens array group 4102 except for the arrangement method. is there.
  • the reflective wavefront control element 7106 is the same as the reflective wavefront control element 4105.
  • the dispersive element 7104 separates the light emitted from each of the input ports 7101a-1 and 7101b-1 of the input / output port array group 7101 through the condenser lens 7103 for each wavelength, and divides the light into a cylindrical shape.
  • the wavefront control element 7106 is irradiated via the lens 7105.
  • the condensing lens 7103 and the cylindrical lens 7105 have an effect of changing the shape of the beam irradiated to the wavefront control element 7106.
  • the transmission band of the signal light can be broadened.
  • by increasing the beam shape in the port switching direction it is possible to reduce the emission angle required for switching.
  • the light emitted from one port 7101a-1 of the first input / output port array 7101a corresponds to the corresponding microlens 7102a-1, the condenser lens 7103, the dispersion element 7104, and the cylindrical lens 7105 of the first microlens array 7102a.
  • the wavefront control element 7106 is irradiated as it is.
  • the light emitted to the wavefront control element 7106 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the cylindrical lens 7105, the dispersion element 7104, and the condenser lens 7103 again, and then the microlenses in the first microlens array 7102a.
  • the condenser lens 7103 has the function of causing light of an arbitrary angle intersecting at the same point 7108a on the wavefront control element to intersect at one point 7107a on the surface other than the wavefront control element, and the same input / output port array That is, the first input / output port array 7101a input / output port 7101a is arranged on an arc centered on 7107a.
  • the one point 7107a may be realized by an imaginary point on the extension of the chief ray.
  • the optical system is designed such that the principal ray of each wavelength of the beam input and output from the same input / output port array, that is, the first input / output port array 7101a intersects at the same point 7106a on the wavefront control element 7106 As a result, high coupling efficiency can be secured.
  • the same port switching operation is realized also for the second input / output port array 7101 b. That is, light emitted from one port 7101 b-1 of the second input / output port array 7101 b is transmitted to the corresponding microlens 7102 b-1 of the second microlens array 7102 b, the condenser lens 7103 dispersive element 7104, and the cylindrical lens 7105. , And the wavefront control element 7106 is irradiated. The light emitted to the wavefront control element 7106 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the cylindrical lens 7105, the dispersion element 7104, and the condenser lens 7103 again, and then the microlenses in the second microlens array 7102b.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 7101b-3.
  • the principal rays for each wavelength of the beam input / output from the same input / output port array, that is, the second input / output port array 7101 b are identical on the wavefront control element 7106.
  • the optical system is designed to intersect at the point 7108b and to intersect at the same point 7107b on the surface outside the wavefront control element.
  • the fibers connected to the first input / output port array 7101a are arranged on an arc centered on the point 7107a, and the fibers connected to the second input / output port array 7101b are centered on 7107b.
  • the condensing point 7107a is also arranged on a different location from the condensing point 7107b.
  • the principal ray condensing position of each wavelength selective switch of the input / output port array group 7101 is changed, ports are arranged on a circular arc centering on the condensing position 7107, and wavefront control of the point 7107 is performed by a condensing lens.
  • a plurality of switch groups can be configured with a simple configuration.
  • a plurality of wavelength selective switches can be configured.
  • mounting errors can be reduced by fabricating the port with a planar lightwave circuit, and additional functions can be easily mounted.
  • the wavelength selective switch array 8100 of the fourth embodiment is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
  • 8A and 8B each include an input / output port array group 8101, a microlens array group 8102, a cylindrical lens 8103, a dispersion element 8104, a condenser lens 8105, and a reflection type wavefront control element 8106.
  • a plurality of light input / output ports are provided, and in the present example, three light input / output ports are illustrated.
  • FIG. 8A is a wavelength dispersion direction orthogonal to the port direction
  • FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view in the port direction.
  • the input / output port array group 8101 is the same as the input / output port array group 4101 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B and the micro lens array group 8102 except for the micro lens array group 4102 except for the arrangement method. is there.
  • the reflective wavefront control element 8106 is the same as the reflective wavefront control element 4105.
  • the dispersive element 8104 separates the light emitted from each of the input ports 8101 a-1 and 8101 b-1 of the input / output port array group 8101 via the cylindrical lens 8103 for each wavelength, and collects the separated light
  • the wavefront control element 8106 is irradiated via the lens 8105.
  • the cylindrical lens 8103 and the condenser lens 8105 have an effect of changing the shape of the beam irradiated to the wavefront control element 8106.
  • By reducing the beam diameter in the wavelength demultiplexing direction on the wavefront control element it is possible to widen the transmission band of the signal light.
  • by increasing the beam shape in the port switching direction it is possible to reduce the emission angle required for switching.
  • the light emitted from one port 8101a-1 of the first input / output port array 8101a corresponds to the corresponding microlens 8102a-1, cylindrical lens 8103, dispersive element 8104 and condenser lens 8105 of the first microlens array 8102a.
  • the wavefront control element 8106 is irradiated as it is.
  • the light emitted to the wavefront control element 8106 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the condenser lens 8105, the dispersion element 8104, and the cylindrical lens 8103 again, and then the microlenses in the first microlens array 8102a. It passes through 8102a-2 and is coupled to port 8101a-2 in the first input / output port array 8101a.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 8101a-3.
  • the cylindrical lens 8103 and the condenser lens 8105 have the function of causing light of an arbitrary angle intersecting at the same point 8108a on the wavefront control element to intersect at one point 8107a on the surface other than the wavefront control element, and the same wavelength is selected
  • the input / output port array 8101a in the switch is arranged on an arc centered on the point 8107a.
  • the one point 8107a may be realized by an imaginary point on the extension of the chief ray.
  • the optical system is designed such that the principal ray of each wavelength of the beam input and output from the same input / output port array, ie, the first input / output port array 8101a, intersects at the same point 8106a on the wavefront control element 8106 As a result, high coupling efficiency can be secured.
  • the same port switching operation is realized also for the second input / output port array 8101 b. That is, light emitted from one port 8101 b-1 of the second input / output port array 8101 b is transmitted to the corresponding microlens 8102 b-1 of the second microlens array 8102 b, cylindrical lens 8103 dispersive element 8104, condenser lens 8105. And the wavefront control element 8106 is irradiated. The light emitted to the wavefront control element 8106 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the condenser lens 8105, the dispersion element 8104, and the cylindrical lens 8103 again, and then the microlenses in the second microlens array 8102b.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 8101b-3.
  • the principal ray for each wavelength of the beam entering / output from the same input / output port array, ie, the first input / output port array 8101b is on the wavefront control element 8106,
  • the optical system is designed to intersect at the same point 8108 b and intersect at the same point 8107 b on the surface outside the wavefront control element.
  • the fibers connected to the first input / output port array 8101a are arranged on an arc centered on the point 8107a, and the fibers connected to the second input / output port array 8101b are centered on the point 8107b.
  • the light condensing point 8107 a is also arranged at a position different from the light condensing point 8107 b.
  • the principal ray condensing position of each wavelength selective switch of the input / output port array group 8101 is changed, ports are arranged on a circular arc centering on the condensing position 8107, and wavefront control of the point 8107 is performed by a condensing lens.
  • a plurality of switch groups can be configured with a simple configuration.
  • a plurality of wavelength selective switches can be configured.
  • mounting errors can be reduced by fabricating the port with a planar lightwave circuit, and additional functions can be easily mounted.
  • the wavelength selective switch array 9100 of the fifth embodiment is shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B.
  • 9A and 9B each include an input / output port array group 9101, a microlens array group 9102, a cylindrical lens 9103, a cylindrical lens 9104, a condenser lens 9105, a dispersion element 9106, a condenser lens 9107, and a reflective wavefront control element 9108.
  • a plurality of optical input / output ports are provided in each wavelength selective switch, and in the present example, three optical input / output ports are illustrated.
  • FIG. 9A is a wavelength dispersion direction orthogonal to the port direction
  • FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view in the port direction.
  • the I / O port array group 9101 is the same as the I / O port array group 4101 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B and the micro lens array group 9102 except for the micro lens array group 4102 except for the arrangement method. is there.
  • the reflective wavefront control element 9108 is the same as the reflective wavefront control element 4105.
  • the dispersive element 9106 splits the light irradiated from the respective input ports 9101 a-1 and 9101 b-1 of the input / output port array group 9101 through the cylindrical lenses 9103 and 9104 and the condenser lens 9105 for each wavelength, and divides the light.
  • the waved light is irradiated to the wavefront control element 9108 through the condenser lens 9107.
  • the cylindrical lens 9103 and the cylindrical lens 9104 have an effect of changing the beam shape irradiated to the intersection 9109.
  • the beam shape at the intersection 9109 is projected onto the wavefront control element 9108 by the focusing lens 9105 and the focusing lens 9107.
  • the light emitted from one port 9101a-1 of the first input / output port array 9101a is transmitted to the corresponding microlens 9102a-1, cylindrical lens 9103, cylindrical lens 9104, condenser lens 9105, and the like of the first microlens array 9102a.
  • the wavefront control element 9108 is irradiated through the dispersive element 9106 and the condenser lens 9107.
  • the light irradiated to the wavefront control element 9108 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the condenser lens 9107, the dispersion element 9106, the condenser lens 9105, the cylindrical lens 9104 and the cylindrical lens 9103 again, and then the first Through micro lens 9102 a-2 in micro lens array 9102 a, and is coupled to port 9101 a-2 in first input / output port array 9101 a.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 9101a-3.
  • the condensing lens 9105 and the condensing lens 9107 have the function of causing light of an arbitrary angle intersecting at the same point 9110a on the wavefront control element to intersect at one point 9109a on the surface other than the wavefront control element.
  • the cylindrical lens 9103 has an effect of converting parallel light from light of an arbitrary angle crossing at one point 9109a on the surface outside the wavefront control element, and the input / output port 9102a is arranged in parallel.
  • the optical system is designed such that the principal ray of each wavelength of the beam input and output from the same input / output port array, that is, the second input / output port array 9101a intersects the same point 9110a on the wavefront control element 9108 As a result, high coupling efficiency can be secured.
  • the same port switching operation is realized also for the second input / output port array 9101 b. That is, light emitted from one port 9101b-1 of the second input / output port array 9101b is transmitted to the corresponding microlens 9102b-1, cylindrical lens 9103, cylindrical lens 9104, and condenser lens of the second microlens array 9102b. The light is irradiated to the wavefront control element 9108 through the light source 9105, the dispersive element 9106, and the condenser lens 9107.
  • the light irradiated to the wavefront control element 9108 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the condenser lens 9107, the dispersion element 9106, the condenser lens 9105, the cylindrical lens 9104, and the cylindrical lens 9103 again, and then the second Through the micro lens 9102 b-2 in the micro lens array 9102 b, and is coupled to the port 9101 b-2 in the second input / output port array 9101 b.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 9101b-3.
  • the principal ray for each wavelength of the beam input / output from the same input / output port array, ie, the second input / output port array 9101b, is on the wavefront control element 9108
  • the optical system is designed to intersect at the same point 9110 b and intersect at the same point 9109 b on the surface outside the wavefront control element.
  • the fibers connected to the first input / output port array 9101a are arranged in parallel, and the fibers connected to the second input / output port array 9101b are arranged in parallel, but the first input / output
  • the fiber arrangement angles of the port array 9101a and the second input / output port array 9101b are changed. Since chief rays at different angles are condensed at different positions by the cylindrical lens 9103, the condensing points 9109a and 9109b are disposed at different positions, and the condensing point 9107a is also disposed at a different position from the condensing point 9107b. .
  • the beams can be designed to overlap and be in phase to selectively enhance coupling efficiency.
  • the beams can be designed so as not to overlap to suppress crosstalk.
  • the principal ray emission angle of each wavelength selective switch of the input / output port array group 9101 is changed, the condensing position 9109 by the cylindrical lens 9103 is changed, and the point 9109 is on the wavefront control element 9108 by the condensing lenses 9105 and 9107.
  • a plurality of switch groups can be configured with a simple configuration.
  • a plurality of wavelength selective switches can be configured.
  • mounting errors can be reduced by fabricating the port with a planar lightwave circuit, and additional functions can be easily mounted.
  • the wavelength selective switch array 10100 of the sixth embodiment is shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B.
  • 10A and 10B are composed of an input / output port array group 10101, a microlens array group 10102, a cylindrical lens 10103, a cylindrical lens 10104, a condenser lens 10105, a dispersion element 10106, a condenser lens 10107, and a wavefront control element 10108. .
  • FIG. 10A is a wavelength dispersion direction orthogonal to the port direction
  • FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view in the port direction.
  • the number of input / output port arrays is three.
  • the number of wavelength selective switches is described as two in the above embodiment, the number of wavelength selective switches may be two or more.
  • FIG. 11 shows a configuration in which the input / output port array group 11101 and the optical function circuit 11102 are manufactured by PLC.
  • the first input / output port array 11101a corresponds to the first input / output port array 4201a in FIGS. 4A and 4B
  • the second input / output port array 11101b corresponds to the second input / output port array 4201b.
  • the optical function circuit 11102 optically connected to each input / output port of the input / output port array group 11101 is configured by integrating functional elements such as light branching, light merging, a switch, a light receiving element, and a grating.
  • optical function circuit 11102 By integrating the functional elements into the input / output port array group, functional components to be added to the ROADM can be taken into the WSS, and therefore, miniaturization as a node component is expected. Specific functional circuits of the optical function circuit 11102 will be described in the eighth and subsequent embodiments.
  • FIG. 12 shows optical waveguide arrays 12101a and 12101b, optical couplers 12102a-1 to 12102a-3, 12102b-1 to 12102b-3, and photodiodes 12103a-1 to 12103a-3 and 12103b-1 to 12103b-3. .
  • This is a configuration in which a light intensity monitor is mounted on an input / output port.
  • the input ports are 12101a-1 and 12101b-1, and are divided into light toward the WSS and light toward the photodiodes 12103a-1 and 12103b-1, respectively, by the optical couplers 12102a-1 and 12102b-1.
  • the light traveling from the input port 12101a-1 to the WSS returns to the output port 12101a-2 or 12101a-3 through the optical system.
  • the output port also has optical couplers 12102a-2 and 12102a-3, and the output light is divided into light directed to the photodiodes 12103a-2 and 12103a-3 and light to be output.
  • the light entering from the input port 12101b-1 passes through the optical system in the same manner as 12101a-1, and is output from the output port 12101b-2 or 12101b-3. Since light split by the optical coupler and directed to the photodiode is received, light intensity measurement becomes possible. Since the light intensity measurement can confirm whether the light intensity as set is output to the output port, failure detection is possible. As described above, by integrating the WSS failure detection monitor into the input / output unit of the WSS, it is possible to realize a small-size, optical component capable of detecting a failure.
  • the Drop type WSS having one input port has been described, but the same effect can be obtained with an Add type WSS having a plurality of input ports.
  • FIG. 13 shows optical waveguide arrays 13101a and 13101b, optical couplers 13102a and 13102b, AWG (Arrayed waveguide gratings) 13103a and 13103b, and photodiode arrays 13104a and 13104b.
  • This is a configuration in which a wavelength monitor is mounted on the input port.
  • the input ports are 13101a-1 and 13101b-1 and divided into light toward the WSS and light toward the AWGs 13103a and 13103b by the optical couplers 13102a and 13102b, respectively.
  • the light traveling from the input port 13101a-1 to the WSS returns to the output port 13101a-2 or 13101a-3 through the optical system.
  • the light entering from the input port 13101b-1 passes through the optical system in the same manner as 13101a-1, and is output from the output port 13101b-2 or 13101b-3.
  • the light that is split by the optical coupler and travels to the AWG is split for each wavelength, and each wavelength is received by the respective photodiode. For this reason, the light intensity for every wavelength is attained.
  • the WSS can control the output value of each wavelength.
  • by integrating the wavelength monitor into the WSS I / O unit it is possible to realize a small-sized optical component for a node capable of output control or failure detection.
  • FIG. 14 The optical function circuit unit 14100 of the input / output port of the wavelength selective switch array of the tenth embodiment is shown in FIG. FIG. 14 is composed of optical waveguide arrays 14101a and 14101b and Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays 14102a and 14102b, and phase shifters 14103a and 14103b are attached to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays 14102a and 14102b.
  • This is a configuration in which a VOA (variable optical attenuator) is implemented on an input / output port.
  • the input ports are 14101a-1 and 14101b-1 and pass through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer to the optical system.
  • the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 14102a-1 can change the light intensity directed to the optical system by adjusting the phase shifters 14103a-1-1 and 14103a-1-2.
  • each of the Mach-Zehnder interferometers 14102a-2, 14102a-3, 14102b-2, and 14102b-3 also has its own phase shifters 14103a-2-1 to 14103a-3-2 and 14103b-2-1 to 14103b-3-2.
  • the light intensity transmitted can be changed by the adjustment of.
  • the light intensity of the input / output port can be adjusted collectively by the VOA function.
  • VOA the light intensity of the input / output port
  • FIG. 15 The optical function circuit unit 15100 of the input / output port of the wavelength selective switch array of the eleventh embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is composed of optical waveguide arrays 15101a and 15101b, Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays 15102a and 15102b, photodiodes 15104a, 15104b, 15105a and 15105b, and phase shifters 15103a and 15103b are attached to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer arrays 15102a and 15102b. It is done.
  • This is a configuration in which an optical switch and a power monitor are mounted on an input / output port.
  • the input ports are 15101a-1 and 15101b-1 and pass through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer to the optical system.
  • the light from the input port 15101a-1 passes through the optical system and then returns to the output port 15101a-2 or 15101a-3.
  • the light entering from the input port 15101b-1 passes through the optical system in the same manner as 15101a-1, and is output from the output port 15101b-2 or 15101b-3.
  • the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 15102a-1 has an optical switch function that allows the light direction to be selected as the optical waveguide 15101a-1 or the photodiode 15104a-1 by adjusting the phase shifters 15103a-1-1 and 15103a-1-2. ing.
  • the respective Mach-Zehnder interferometers 15102 a and 15102 b can similarly switch the light input / output to / from the port and the light directed to the monitor by adjusting the respective phase shifter groups 15103 a and 15103 b.
  • This function makes it possible to monitor the light intensity periodically by the optical switch.
  • the optical switch and the monitor into the input / output unit of the WSS, it is possible to realize a small-sized and periodic optical component capable of monitoring the light intensity.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B The wavelength selective switch array 16100 of the twelfth embodiment is shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B.
  • 16A and 16B each include a planar lightwave circuit 16101, a collimating cylindrical lens 16102, a cylindrical lens 16103, a dispersive element 16104, a condenser lens 16105, and a reflective wavefront control element 16106.
  • Details of the planar lightwave circuit 16101 are shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 17 is composed of optical waveguide arrays 17101a and 17101b, slab waveguides 17102a and 17102b, and arrayed waveguides 17103a and 17103b.
  • the individual lengths of the arrayed waveguides are all designed to be equal, so that no phase difference occurs between the individual waveguides constituting the arrayed waveguides.
  • the input ports are 17101a-1 and 17101b-1 and pass through the slab waveguide and the arrayed waveguide to the optical system.
  • a plurality of light input / output ports are provided, and in the present example, three light input / output ports are illustrated.
  • FIG. 16A is a wavelength dispersion direction orthogonal to the port direction
  • FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view in the port direction.
  • the fourth embodiment is the same as the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B except that the microlens array 8102 is integrated in the planar lightwave circuit 16101.
  • the reflective wavefront control element 16106 is identical to the reflective wavefront control element 8106.
  • the dispersive element 16104 separates the light emitted from the input ports 17101a-1 and 17101b-1 of the input / output port array group 16101 via the cylindrical lens 16103 for each wavelength, and collects the separated light
  • the wavefront control element 16106 is irradiated via the lens 16105.
  • the cylindrical lens 16103 and the condenser lens 16105 have an effect of changing the shape of the beam irradiated to the wavefront control element 16106.
  • By reducing the beam diameter in the wavelength demultiplexing direction on the wavefront control element it is possible to widen the transmission band of the signal light.
  • by increasing the beam shape in the port switching direction it is possible to reduce the emission angle required for switching.
  • the light propagating through one port 17101a-1 of the first input / output port array 17101a propagates while spreading in the port direction while being confined in the substrate thickness direction by the first slab waveguide 17102a.
  • the light is coupled to arrayed waveguide 17103a.
  • the arrayed waveguides are all arranged at the same length, and therefore, they are directed to the end of the arrayed waveguide 17103a while maintaining the phase information of the slab waveguide 17102a.
  • the phase of light emitted from each of the arrayed waveguides is aligned at the end face, and as a result, it is emitted as a plane wave in the port direction .
  • the emitted light is adjusted to collimated light in the wavelength demultiplexing axis direction by the collimating cylindrical lens 16102, and then is irradiated to the wavefront control element 16106 through the cylindrical lens 16103, the dispersing element 16104, and the condensing lens 16105.
  • the light irradiated to the wavefront control element 16106 is reflected by changing the emission angle by wavefront control, passes through the condenser lens 16105, the dispersion element 16104, the cylindrical lens 16103, and the collimating cylindrical lens 16102 again, and then the first arrayed waveguide It passes 17103 a and the first slab waveguide 17102 a.
  • the light whose reflection angle is changed by the wavefront control element propagates in a direction toward the port in the first slab waveguide 17102 a according to the inclination and propagates, and the port in the first input / output port array 17101 a It binds to 17101a-2.
  • the reflected light direction can be changed and can be coupled to another port 17101a-3.
  • the cylindrical lens 16103 and the condenser lens 16105 have the function of causing light of an arbitrary angle intersecting at the same point 16108a on the wavefront control element to intersect at one point 16107a on the surface other than the wavefront control element,
  • Each input / output port of the output port array 17101a is arranged on an arc centered on 17104a.
  • Point 17104a may be implemented by an imaginary point on the extension of the chief ray. Since the optical system is designed so that the principal ray of each wavelength of the beam entering and exiting from the same input / output port array 17101a intersects at the same point 16108a on the wavefront control element 16106, high coupling efficiency is achieved. It can be secured.
  • the same port switching operation is realized also for the second input / output port array 17101 b.
  • design and selection are made so that the beams overlap and the phases are aligned. Coupling efficiency can be increased.
  • the beams can be designed so as not to overlap to suppress crosstalk.
  • the input / output port array and the microlens array are integrated on a planar optical waveguide using a photolithographic technique to realize high-precision placement and mounting according to high mask accuracy. It is possible to reduce errors and easily implement additional functions.
  • the beam diameter in the port direction of the beam focused on the wavefront control element 16106 is determined by the relative refractive index and thickness of the embedded waveguide layer, so adjustment of the aspect ratio is realized by adjusting the beam diameter in the port direction.
  • the diameter w port of the beam direction of the beam emitted from the planar lightwave circuit 16101 at this time can be expressed by the following equation.
  • Equation 2 ⁇ represents the wavelength of the signal light, f slab represents the length of the slab waveguide, and w I / O represents the beam diameter in the port direction entering the slab waveguide. According to Equation 2, the beam diameter in the port direction can be enlarged in proportion to the length f slab of the slab waveguide.
  • a configuration employing a beam expander, an anamorphic prism pair, etc. is generally used.
  • a configuration employing a beam expander, an anamorphic prism pair, etc. increases the cost of the new member and the burden of alignment adjustment.
  • the configuration of this embodiment in which the anamorphic prism pair and the optical system for polarization diversity are integrated in one planar lightwave circuit 16101 is very effective in reducing the cost of the members and the burden of alignment adjustment. Bring great effects.

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