WO2014033102A2 - Centrale destinée à utiliser l'énergie thermique contenue dans la vapeur, et procédé de commande - Google Patents

Centrale destinée à utiliser l'énergie thermique contenue dans la vapeur, et procédé de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014033102A2
WO2014033102A2 PCT/EP2013/067675 EP2013067675W WO2014033102A2 WO 2014033102 A2 WO2014033102 A2 WO 2014033102A2 EP 2013067675 W EP2013067675 W EP 2013067675W WO 2014033102 A2 WO2014033102 A2 WO 2014033102A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
steam
power plant
steam turbine
fluid
fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/067675
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2014033102A3 (fr
Inventor
Sergey Mokrushin
Original Assignee
M-S Consulting und Beteiligungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by M-S Consulting und Beteiligungs GmbH filed Critical M-S Consulting und Beteiligungs GmbH
Publication of WO2014033102A2 publication Critical patent/WO2014033102A2/fr
Publication of WO2014033102A3 publication Critical patent/WO2014033102A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/061—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with combustion in a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H15/00—Cleaning arrangements for grates; Moving fuel along grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/17001—Specific materials therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power plant for the use of heat energy contained in steam, with a driven by a first steam turbine electric power generator and a fluid outlet connected to a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, receiving exhaust steam and designed to provide heat to heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling a power plant according to the preamble of claim 18.
  • Such a device has become known for example from DE 197 20 881 A1.
  • This known device has a gas turbine driven by the combustion gases from a combustion chamber and at least one steam turbine which is supplied with steam, which is generated by water, which is supplied with the combustion gases from the gas turbine.
  • Another system for the coupling of power and heat has become known from WO 02/04795 A1.
  • the plant which has become known therefrom shows a working machine which generates hot gas, which is supplied to a hot gas consumer and provides a flue gas stream which serves for the heat generation.
  • steam-powered power plants which have superheated steam turbines, which are driven by superheated steam at very high speeds of the turbine shafts.
  • the transmission required between the turbine shaft and the generator shaft ensures a noise level, which in turn makes soundproofing measures necessary.
  • the present invention the object of providing a power plant for the use of thermal energy contained in steam provide, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned and is suitable for use in craft and industry and has a small footprint in terms of installation.
  • the power plant to be created is to be operated with steam at different pressure and temperature levels.
  • a method for controlling such a power plant is to be provided.
  • the invention has to solve this problem with respect to the power plant to the features specified in claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments thereof are described in the further claims.
  • the invention has the features specified in claim 18 with regard to the method, advantageous embodiments of which are described in the further claims.
  • the invention provides a power plant for the use of heat energy contained in steam, with an electric current generator driven by a first steam turbine and a fluidically connected to a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, for receiving exhaust steam and for providing heating heat heat exchanger and a second steam turbine , which is designed to be coupled to the mechanical loading of the power generator with a shaft driven by the first steam turbine and connected fluidly to a fluid outlet side with the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is designed to provide hot water.
  • the power plant according to the invention has a first steam turbine which can be operated, for example, by means of steam from a firing system and can generate electricity via the associated electric power generator, which can be used, for example, in industry and trade.
  • the firing plant may be a furnace with which, as will be explained below, woody lumpy wood fuels can be fired, such as those found in the woodworking industry. In general, the furnace can be designed for the combustion of biomass material.
  • the first steam turbine has an outlet for exhaust steam, which is connected to a heat exchanger, so that the originating from the first steam turbine exhaust steam can be used to provide heat by means of the heat exchanger, so for example for the generation of district heating.
  • the power plant according to the invention has a second steam turbine, which is connected to the mechanical loading, so the drive of the power generator with the shaft with which the first steam turbine is coupled to the power generator.
  • the second steam turbine can be decoupled from the composite of the power generator and the first steam turbine and has a fluid outlet, which is also fluidly connected to the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is also designed to provide hot water.
  • the configuration according to the invention thus makes it possible to apply to the steam provided by the above-mentioned firing plant, for example, the first steam turbine and the second steam turbine or, depending on, for example, the amount or the temperature or the pressure of the steam provided, only one steam turbine.
  • the two steam turbines may be a high-pressure steam turbine and a low-pressure steam turbine, so that the low-pressure steam turbine, for example, with exhaust steam of the high-pressure steam turbine is charged. If the furnace supplies high-pressure steam, for example, the high-pressure steam turbine can also be acted upon alone and thus electricity is generated; the low-pressure steam turbine alone can also be acted upon, for example, if the firing system provides low-pressure steam.
  • the high pressure steam turbine and the low pressure steam turbine may be energized and the fluid provided by the fluid outlet of the low pressure steam turbine may be supplied in the form of condensate to the heat exchanger where it is used to provide hot water.
  • the invention provides the ability to generate electricity during the period free of heating period and to provide hot water with the combination of high-pressure steam turbine and low-pressure steam turbine and power generator and hot water heat exchanger. If a heating period occurs, the low-pressure steam turbine can be decoupled from the composite with the high-pressure steam turbine and the power generator, and the exhaust steam from the high-pressure steam turbine can be led into the heat exchanger where it is used to provide heating heat. If only low-pressure steam is available as the energy source, which may be the case, for example, during a heating-period-free period, electricity can be generated with the low-pressure steam turbine and hot water can also be provided via the condensate from the low-pressure steam turbine and the heat exchanger.
  • the power plant according to the invention makes it possible that any form of steam can be used to generate electricity, which can be steam resulting from the combustion of wood waste generated during wood processing or, more generally, biomass materials.
  • electricity can be steam resulting from the combustion of wood waste generated during wood processing or, more generally, biomass materials.
  • the small power station according to the invention it is therefore possible to generate both electricity and witness as well as to use the resulting heat energy for heating purposes and / or for hot water preparation in the combustion of said fuels.
  • the second steam turbine with a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine for receiving exhaust steam of the first steam turbine without interposition of a throttle body is fluid-conductively connected and decoupled connected.
  • the second steam turbine is a lower pressure than the first steam turbine acted upon steam turbine and the first and / or the second steam turbine is connected by means of a positive coupling, in particular a curved tooth coupling with the shaft.
  • the positive connection in the form of the curved tooth coupling makes it possible to realize a torsionally rigid connection between the output side of the first steam turbine with the simultaneous possibility of bridging a shaft offset between the generator shaft and the shaft of the first steam turbine.
  • the output shaft of the second steam turbine can be connected by means of a torsionally rigid coupling in the form of a curved tooth coupling with the shaft of the first steam turbine, so that a shaft offset between the two waves can be compensated.
  • the second steam turbine is releasably connected by means of an electromagnetically actuated clutch with the shaft.
  • the coupling can be operated remotely, for example, depending on a measured power consumption or depending on the quality of the available steam.
  • the electromagnetically actuated clutch can be actuated for example from a control level by an operator or by an automatic control device to start the second steam turbine and with the then acting on the shaft of the generator total power of the first and second steam turbine to meet the amount of electricity provided.
  • the first and / or second steam turbine is designed to drive other mechanically driven consumers.
  • the steam energy can also be used for example, in addition to the electric power generator to operate a compressed air system, a pumping station or the like.
  • the steam turbines are coupled to the electric power generator without the interposition of a transmission.
  • the problem of fire risk is significantly reduced and reduces the space required for the installation of the power plant according to the invention.
  • no transmission oil cooling must be installed so that a single room is sufficient for the installation of the power plant according to the invention.
  • the power plant has a furnace for woody biomass fuels, with a combustion chamber having a surface having a first, arranged at an angle to the horizontal bed portion with first Fluideinblasffenn and a substantially horizontally disposed second bed portion with second Fluid injection means, wherein the first Fluideinblasffen for applying gaseous fluid from below the surface of the first bed portion in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the first bed portion are formed and the second fluid injection means for discharging gaseous fluid both from below the surface of the second bed portion in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the second bed portion and laterally in a cross section of the second bed portion viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface of the second Bettab- section are formed.
  • the configuration of the power plant according to the invention with such a firing therefore makes it possible to avoid an independent predrying process, which takes place outside the furnace, of biomass fuels intended for combustion.
  • the biomass fuels may be waste wood industry, forest residues, waste wood or industrial lumber, ie wood materials that are produced in the wood industry, such as wood chips, sawdust, sawdust and the like.
  • the fuels combustible by the furnace are solid fuels which also include wood bark, peat moss, brown coal or hard coal and also agricultural waste or landscape care material such as, for example, sprouts, straw or the like and semi-solid biomass.
  • the firing is an all-fuel firing.
  • the furnace allows for a problem-free automated operation of the power plant by means of remote monitoring or automatic monitoring of the temperature in the combustion chamber of the furnace. Namely, this formation of the firing enables fluidization of the fuel similar to fluidized bed fluidization on the first and second bed portions of the surface, resulting in a uniform distribution of the fuel.
  • Fuel which is applied to the first bed section arranged at an angle to the horizontal is discharged from the gaseous fluid stream introduced by the first fluid injection means in the form of air or flue gas already heated, for example, by the furnace, and at the same time subjected to heat radiation by, in particular, heat radiation from the region of the second bed section dried from the outer edges of the glued fuel lump and one subjected to active movement, so that the fuel clumps disintegrate and flow down along the inclined at an angle first bed portion toward the second bed portion in the already inflamed or at least partially burning condition.
  • the already ignited fuel is also applied in the region of the second horizontally arranged bed section by means of the second fluid injection from below the surface of the second bed section with a gaseous mass flow of fluid and kept in motion, so that also such constituents of the fuel, during their Dwell on the first bed section still remain in a partially clumped state, disintegrate.
  • the process of disintegration of the lumps of fuel and complete combustion of the fuel is further assisted by the second fluid injection means in the region of the second bed portion by the fluid injection means for delivering gaseous fluid to the fuel lying on the second bed portion in a cross section of the second Bed section viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface of the second bed portion are formed.
  • the firing therefore ensures, for example, clumped, moist wood fuel materials for Bedfluidisation of the fuel, ie for liquefaction of the lumped fuel to a fuel flow similar to a fluid flow and thus also for complete combustion of wet fuels, such as wood fuels, with known firing can not be burned or not with high efficiency.
  • a steam boiler for providing steam of different quality for the power plant according to the invention can be operated.
  • the first and second bed sections of the furnace may be provided with fluid injection means provided by a hollow box-shaped body provided with a fluid passage opening and the body may be provided with fluid exit openings directed towards the surface of the first and second bed sections, and the body may have sidewalls extending laterally from the surface of the second bed section at least along a portion of the second bed section at angles to the horizontal are provided with fluid outlet openings at an angle to the surface of the second bed portion.
  • the hollow body acts as an air diffuser, wherein on the upper side of the hollow body in each case substantially vertically arranged fluid injection means in the form of, for example, injectors or nozzles are arranged both in the first and in the second bed section. At least in the region of the second bed section, the hollow body has sidewalls extending at an angle to the horizontal, which are provided with injectors or nozzles which are also arranged substantially at right angles relative to the upper sides of the sidewalls and which also arrange the fuel arranged on the second bed section the side with a fluid flow in the form of flue gas or air and thus provide together with the other provided in the second bed portion Fluideinblasmitteln for a continuous movement of the fuel.
  • fluid injection means in the form of, for example, injectors or nozzles are arranged both in the first and in the second bed section.
  • the hollow body has sidewalls extending at an angle to the horizontal, which are provided with injectors or nozzles which are also arranged substantially at right angles relative to the upper sides of the side
  • corresponding fluid injection means may also be provided at least on a partial region of the longitudinal extension of the first bed section. All of these features ensure highly efficient combustion of the fuel, so that even a small-scale incinerator ensures sufficient supply of steam to the power plant.
  • the fluid injection means may include a plurality of extending from the interior of the hollow body tubular piece devices with exhaust nozzles and between the devices thermally insulating means may be arranged in particular of brick material in the form of, for example, chamottes and the facilities may be provided distributed over substantially the entire surface in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the first and second bed section.
  • the purging nozzles provide kinetic energy to the biomass fuel lumps so that they are kept in motion and disintegrate into a fuel stream similar to a fluid stream flowing in a channel or riverbed. This decay movement is aided by the thermal impact of the lumps of fuel in the region of the first bed section, where the biomass particles are already starting to burn, so that the fuel lumps dissolve and become dried, fluid-like biomass particles.
  • the first and second bed section are arranged in a combustion chamber of the furnace for the power plant and provided in the region of the second bed section operable in particular by means of a push rod feed grate in the form of a sliding plank, for example, with channels is provided for the passage of cooling fluid.
  • the application of radiant heat to the biomass fuel also ensures that the fuel material is already ignited in the region of the first bed section and remains in the inflamed and in the form of ever-decreasing lumps until finally a fluid flow of burning biomass particles is present. long of the longitudinal direction of the first bed portion towards the second bed portion moves.
  • a feed grate or a sliding plank is provided, which also helps to further divide or disintegrate any biomass particles still present in the form of lumps and to convey already completely burnt biomass particles in the direction of a discharge end of the second bed section .
  • the feed grate may be provided with channels extending, for example, meandering along the longitudinal direction of the feed grate, for the passage of cooling fluid.
  • the heat transferred to the cooling fluid may be used for heating purposes or for energy conversion and power generation by pressurizing one or more in-line turbines driving a generator.
  • the furnace for the power plant may have for loading the first bed section with biomass material fuel provided with a push rod discharge hopper above the first bed section, which is provided with level sensors for determining a lower and upper fuel level in the hopper and by a conveyor in the form, for example one Scraper belt conveyor, which is controllable by means of the level sensors, automatically filled with fuel.
  • biomass material fuel provided with a push rod discharge hopper above the first bed section, which is provided with level sensors for determining a lower and upper fuel level in the hopper and by a conveyor in the form, for example one Scraper belt conveyor, which is controllable by means of the level sensors, automatically filled with fuel.
  • the device for feeding the first bed section in the form of, for example, the push rod discharge device can be actuated by means of suitable sensors, for example temperature measuring sensors or sensors which measure the layer thickness of the biomass material fuel on the first bed section, thus conveying fuel to the first bed section. Due to this promotion, the fuel level in the hopper drops, a lower level sensor switches after reaching a lower fuel level the above only As an example mentioned scraper conveyor for feeding the hopper, the scraper belt conveyor runs until the level sensor detects to determine an upper fuel level in the hopper that the upper fuel level is reached and the scraper conveyor is switched off by the upper level sensor again. This means that the firing system can be automated and ensures that the power plant can also be operated automatically.
  • suitable sensors for example temperature measuring sensors or sensors which measure the layer thickness of the biomass material fuel on the first bed section
  • the furnace provided for the power plant may have at the discharge end region of the second bed section a device for the automatic discharge of fuel ash, in the form of, for example, a screw conveyor, which is designed to automatically convey fuel ash or slag. This also ensures the possibility of complete automation of the furnace and thus of the power plant according to the invention. It is provided according to a development of the invention that the first bed portion of the furnace at an angle in a range of 20 to 60 degrees, preferably in a range of 30 to 50 degrees, preferably arranged in a range of 35 to 45 degrees relative to the second bed portion is.
  • the angle at which the first bed section is arranged relative to the second bed section can be set, for example, as a function of the moisture value of the biomass combustion material intended for combustion.
  • first shell or a first portion is associated with the first bed portion and the second shell or the second portion of the hollow body is associated with the second bed portion.
  • the angle to the surface of the second bed section in which the second fluid injection means emits gaseous fluid is about 20 to 60 degrees, preferably 30 to 50 degrees, preferably 35 to 45 degrees, in each case relative to the substantially horizontal surface of the second bed section.
  • the first bed section and the first fluid injection means may be formed such that woody, agglomerated biomass fuels are dryable by the heat input and the application of gaseous fluid substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first bed section and from the lumpy state into a liquid-like state.
  • This design ensures that the biomass particles composing the fuel are already transferred from the lumpy state into a flowable liquid-like state substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first bed section, where they are already dried and ignited.
  • the furnace is characterized by the very efficient combustion with a small footprint and is therefore particularly well suited for the power plant according to the invention.
  • the firing system provided for the power plant can generally be a wood fuel firing system with fluid injection means for bed fluidization of clumped wood fuels, with a combustion chamber at the bottom of which a fluid discharge device is arranged, which is in the form of a hollow body with vertically arranged fluid injectors, between them a layer of insulating material is arranged.
  • the hollow body may be formed with abutted portions, and at the top of the furnace, a hopper may be provided which provides fuel to a grate and a screw conveyor for ash removal may be disposed at the end of the furnace and a portion of the hollow body may be arranged horizontally and be provided with lateral extensions that provide a second Fiuideinbiasstromung to promote the combustion of the wood fuels.
  • the firing can be controlled automatically such that when a temperature detected in the combustion chamber falls, which may be biomass fuel in general, in particular moist, agglomerated wood fuel of the woodworking industry, is discharged from a hopper to a fire grate of the furnace has at least one substantially horizontally disposed portion is discharged from the side cheeks of Bettab- section of gaseous fluid towards fuel located on the bed section and the decrease of the detected by a first sensor fuel level in the hopper below a predetermined value, a fuel conveyor for supplying fuel is operated in the hopper until an increase of the fuel level in the hopper is determined by a second sensor to a predetermined value.
  • a temperature detected in the combustion chamber falls which may be biomass fuel in general, in particular moist, agglomerated wood fuel of the woodworking industry
  • the level in the fuel funnel or hopper is detected, and then, when the fuel supply has dropped in the hopper below a predetermined level, a fuel conveyor is set in motion, which operates the hopper until from a second sensor in the Hopper is found that the fuel level has reached a predetermined value again.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the first steam turbine at a steam inlet side at a pressure in the range of about 12 kg / cm 2 to about 40 kg / cm 2 and a temperature in the range of about 250 degrees Celsius to about 500 Degrees Celsius is applied. These values have proven to be advantageous in the first steam turbine of the power plant according to the invention.
  • the exhaust steam may exit at a pressure in the range from about 2 kg / cm 2 to about 3.5 kg / cm 2 and at a temperature in the range from about 150 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius , These values have proven to be advantageous in the first steam turbine.
  • the second steam turbine can be pressurized at its steam inlet side with steam at a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm 2 to about 3.5 kg / cm 2 and a temperature in the range of about 120 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius and on an outlet side Fluid at a pressure ranging from about 0.12 kg / cm 2 to about 0.5 kg / cm 2 and a temperature ranging from about 50 degrees Celsius to about 75 degrees Celsius delivered.
  • the input values of the second steam turbine may be provided from the above-described furnace to the boiler system for generating low-pressure steam charged by the furnace.
  • the second steam turbine can deliver at its outlet side fluid, which is provided to provide hot water through the heat exchanger and to have temperatures in the range of about 50 degrees Celsius to about 75 degrees Celsius, ie values that are predetermined for hot water supply.
  • a temperature determined in the combustion chamber of the furnace provided for use with the power plant according to the invention is lowered, fuel is discharged from a hopper to a fire grate of the furnace, which has at least one largely horizontally arranged bed section is discharged from the side walls of the bed portion of gaseous fluid in the direction of located on the bed portion fuel and the decrease of the detected by a first sensor fuel level in the hopper below a predetermined value, a fuel conveyor for supplying fuel into the hopper until a second Sensor is detected an increase in the fuel level in the hopper to a predetermined value.
  • ne power plant has a useful coefficient of 85 to 89 percent and is particularly suitable for use as a small power plant in, for example, industry and commerce.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 2 is a side view of a schematic representation of a furnace of the power plant.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a sectional view taken along section A - A of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a movable sliding plank, which is provided in the region of the second Bettabitess.
  • the power plant 200 has a power generator 201, which is supported on a support frame or machine foundation 202.
  • a support bearing 203 is arranged, on which the generator shaft 204 is supported.
  • the generator shaft 204 extends in the plane of the drawing in the direction of the right directed to a gear coupling 205, which rotatably and with the possibility of compensating for a shaft offset with the shaft 206 of the high-pressure turbine 207 connects.
  • the shaft 206 is supported on the machine foundation 202 via a support bearing 208 and another support bearing 209.
  • a further curved tooth coupling 210 is shown, with which the shaft 206 of the high-pressure turbine 207 with the shaft 21 1 of the low-pressure turbine 212 is rotationally locked and coupled with the possibility of compensating for a shaft offset.
  • the shaft 21 1 of the low-pressure turbine 212 is supported via a support bearing 213 and another support bearing 214 on the machine foundation 202.
  • Between the shaft 206 of the high-pressure turbine 207 and the shaft 21 1 of the low-pressure turbine 212 may be provided in the drawing, not shown remote operable electromagnetic clutch, with the torsionally rigid coupling between the shaft 206 and the shaft 21 1 can be repealed. In this way, the low-pressure turbine 212 may be decoupled from the composite with the high-pressure turbine 207 and the power generator 201. This is advantageous if more heat energy provided by the steam is required for heating purposes, as will be discussed in more detail below.
  • a common heat exchanger 215 In the plane of the drawing below the machine foundation 202 is a common heat exchanger 215 is arranged, the term was chosen together because it is connected via an exhaust steam line 216 with both the high-pressure turbine 207 and via a fluid line 217 with the low-pressure turbine 212 and so that it is coupled with both turbines together and can be used both for heating purposes and for the provision of hot water.
  • the exhaust steam line 216 and the fluid line 217 can be opened or closed via respective shut-off valves 218, so that the fluid-conducting connection can be opened or closed separately from the high-pressure turbine 207 under low-pressure turbine 212 to the heat exchanger 215. Steam, which is provided by the furnace 219 shown in more detail with reference to FIG.
  • the steam line 220 is closed and opened via a main steam valve 221, downstream of the main steam valve 221 is a shut-off valve 222 is disposed, the shut-off valve 222 is followed by a separator 223 and a control valve 224, the separator 223 serves to separate condensate and with the Control valve 224, the amount of steam can be controlled, which is supplied to the turbine or the.
  • the turbine inlet 225 is preceded by a sieve 226, with which any foreign bodies entrained with the vapor can be retained in the form of rust particles or scale particles.
  • the first steam turbine or high-pressure steam turbine 207 has a steam outlet side or steam outlet 227 which is fluid-conductively coupled to a steam inlet 228 of the low-pressure steam turbine 212 via a shut-off and / or regulating valve 229, with which the steam supply to the low-pressure turbine 212 can be completely interrupted and also the low pressure turbine 212 supplied amount of steam can be changed.
  • Exhaust steam from the turbine 207 can be supplied to the heat exchanger 215 via the exhaust steam line 216 and / or the low-pressure turbine 212 via the steam inlet 228. If high heat output is required, the supply of exhaust steam to the low-pressure turbine 212 can be stopped via the valve 229 and the complete quantity be supplied to exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine 207 via the exhaust steam line to the heat exchanger 215.
  • the heat exchanger 215 has a valve on its upper side or an ejector 230, which is then used, should set an excessively high pressure in the heat exchanger 215.
  • the heat exchanger 215 has a schematically illustrated fluid line 231, which serves to transport hot water and / or hot water, so both for the supply of one or more buildings with hot water for Hot water use as well as for the supply of hot water for heating purposes can be used.
  • the power plant can supply both electricity and heating and hot water.
  • the fluid line 216 may be shut off via the shut-off valve 218 and exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine 207 may be supplied via the valve 229 to the low-pressure turbine 212, such that the power generator 201 is connected to the cumulative power from the high-pressure turbine 207 and the low pressure turbine 212 may be driven to provide electrical power.
  • the relaxed in the low-pressure turbine 212 fluid is supplied via the fluid line 217 to the heat exchanger 215, which is connected via the fluid line 231 with the hot water pipes of the building, not shown, so that with the power plant 200 electric power can be provided even in a period free of heating period and hot water can be provided.
  • the following table shows, inter alia, that the speed of the generator shaft 204, turbine shaft 206 and turbine shaft 21 1 composed shaft of the power plant is 3000 revolutions per minute and thus aufwei- usually a known power plants and thus cooling requirements aufwei- transmission between turbine and power generator is not necessary.
  • the sound pressure level is only 75 dB, so the power plant 200 can be operated without elaborate noise control measures in industry and craft.
  • the high-pressure turbine 207 is operated with a steam temperature of 330 degrees Celsius at the inlet, the exhaust steam of the high-pressure turbine 207 has a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius, with the exhaust steam is the low-pressure turbine 212 applied to generate electricity.
  • the relaxed in the low-pressure turbine 212 steam leaves the low-pressure turbine 212 via the fluid line 217 and enters the heat exchanger 215 with a pressure of about 0.12 kg / cm 2 to 0.5 kg / cm 2 and a temperature in the range of 50 to 75 Degrees Celsius.
  • Furnace 219 is a furnace that can burn damp, agglomerated wood fuel or other biomass fuel, as mentioned above, without the need for a stand-alone pre-drying process running outside the furnace 219.
  • the furnace 219 has a combustion chamber 1 which extends over the entire area of the first bed section 5 and the second bed section 6.
  • the combustion chamber 1 has a first combustion chamber portion or pre-combustion chamber 101, in which a first bed portion 1 1 1 of a surface 1 10 is arranged and a second combustion chamber portion 102, in which a second bed portion 1 12 of the surface 1 10 is arranged.
  • the area may be a fire grate, preferably the furnace 219 works without a grate, so that maintenance work on the grate can be omitted.
  • hopper 8 or fuel storage is in the illustrated embodiment, a non-illustrated wood fuel, for example, from wood residues of the wood industry, wood chips, wood chips, sawdust, crushed wood residues from the forest and the like can be composed and has lost its fluidity or flowability due to stored high humidity. Therefore, the hopper 8 or fuel hopper is formed in a top-bottom flaring configuration to prevent clogging of the hopper with the clogging wet wood fuel.
  • the hopper 8 is provided with an upper level sensor 10 and a lower level sensor 1 1.
  • the wood material in the hopper 8 is located in the region of the lower end of the hopper 8 on a conveyor 90 or can be discharged from the hopper 8 onto the conveyor 90 by, for example, a closure is opened at the lower end of the hopper 8, and can be conveyed from the conveyor 90, for example by means of the push rod discharge device 9 shown in the drawing on the first bed section 1 1 1 explained in more detail below.
  • the push rod discharge device 9 has a hydraulic cylinder 91, with which the wood can be transported via a conveyor grate 92 in the direction of the feed area 1 13 of the first bed section 1 1 1.
  • the lower level sensor 1 1 sets a schematically illustrated on the top of the hopper 8 conveyor 13 in the form of a Kratzbandoneers in motion, then the wood fuel of a storage warehouse, not shown, transported to the hopper 8, on the upper side, for example, an automatically opening closure can be provided, which is then opened, so that over the conveyor belt conveyor wood fuel is introduced into the hopper 8.
  • the scraper conveyor remains in operation until it is determined by the upper level sensor 10 that an upper level of wood fuel in the hopper 8 has been reached and then the scraper conveyor is switched off and the open closure of the hopper 8 closed again.
  • the task area 1 13 of the first bed section 1 1 1 1 is already arranged within the first combustion chamber section 101, the task area 1 13 has thus already been heated by the existing heat in the combustion chamber 1 and the clumped moist wood fuel from the hopper 8 falls on the heated Task area 1 13.
  • the first bed portion 1 1 1 is formed inclined relative to the second bed portion 1 12, so that the wood fuel due to the inclination of the surface of the first bed portion 1 1 1 toward the second bed portion 1 12, which is arranged substantially horizontally, can move.
  • the first bed section 1 1 1 is the same as the second bed section 1 12 provided with fluid sacrednblasffenn. With these fluid injection means gaseous fluid in the form of, for example, heated air or recirculated exhaust gas in the direction of the surface of the first bed portion 1 1 1 and second bed portion 1 12 are discharged.
  • the first bed portion 1 1 1 has a plurality of pipe-shaped means 3 in the form of exhaust nozzles or injectors, which are arranged substantially perpendicular to the angled surface 14 of the first bed portion.
  • a box-shaped hollow body 2 which has an arrow marked with an inlet region 16, can be introduced into the hot gaseous fluid, for example by a not shown high-pressure fan, the fluid, for example by means of one of the firing fed, not shown Heilerhit- zers can be heated.
  • the heated air rises the hollow box-shaped body 2 along the first portion 5 toward the task area 1 13 up and there as well as all other pipe-shaped means 3 of the first bed portion 1 1 1 in the direction of the surface of the bed portion 1 1 1 from namely at a high flow rate, so that the lumped wood fuel lying on the feed area 13 is set in motion, which, together with the application of heat, causes the wood fuel lumps to decay and regain their fluidity and to travel along the first bed section 11 1 in the direction of the first bed section 11 move the second bed section 1 12.
  • the dried and already ignited wood-material particles flow in this way, supported by the inclination of the first bed section 1 1 1 opposite the second bed section 1 12 and reach there into the detection area of a feed grate or scraper or the Schiebeplanke 7, by a hydraulic cylinder 70 along the Longitudinal direction of the second bed portion 1 12 can be moved back and forth.
  • a second portion 6 of the hollow body 2 which is traversed by hot air, which also provided in the region of the second bed portion 1 12 pipe-shaped devices 3 with exhaust nozzles or injectors in the direction of the surface of the second bed portion 1 12 can be discharged starting from the hollow body 2, whereby a further mixing of the transported on the surface 1 15 of the second bed portion similar to a fluid flowing in a bed fluid can take place wood fuel.
  • the thus heated water can be used for heating purposes, for example.
  • an insulating layer 4 of, for example, a brick material in the form of fireclay bricks 121 shown in more detail with reference to FIG. 4 is provided between the pipe-piece-shaped devices 3, which ensures that they are replaced by the intensive Combustion on the second bed portion 1 12 resulting heat can not proceed unimpeded towards the hollow body 2.
  • Fig. 3 also shows that the second bed portion 1 12 in the cross-sectional view of the second bed portion shown there 1 12 extending at an angle to the horizontal side extensions or side walls 1 19, below which also the second portion 6 of the hollow body. 2 extends with its air ducts and the heated air can pass through the arranged also in the side walls 1 19 tubular pieces 3 with interposed insulating layers 4 or firebricks 121 toward the located on the surface of the second bed section 1 1 12 wood fuel and on this Way the complete combustion of the wood fuel can be achieved.
  • the pipe-shaped devices 3 of the second bed section 1 12, which are arranged below the largely horizontally arranged feed grate 7 and the pipe-piece-shaped devices 3, which are arranged in the side walls 1 19, ensure that any remaining wood fuel lumps due to the intense movement due completely disintegrating when exposed to hot air. len and in this way a complete combustion of the originally moist clumped wood fuel is achieved.
  • Combustor 219 also allows complete combustion automation. For this purpose, by means of a monitoring of the temperature in the combustion chamber, when it has dropped below a predetermined value, an instruction is issued by an intended, but not shown control device such that the hopper 8 supplies the combustion chamber with a further amount of wood fuel , This is then transported by the conveyor 90 back to the task area 1 13. As the fuel level in the hopper 8 approaches a predetermined lower level of fuel level, it is detected by the lower level sensor 11, which then operates the conveyor 13, opens a top flap located at, for example, the hopper 8, and inserts wood fuel into the hopper - is introduced until the level of the fuel in the hopper 8 reaches the upper level sensor 10 and the conveyor 13 is turned off by the level sensor 10.
  • the furnace 219 has the advantage that, in contrast to other firing, it reacts uncritically to fundamentally disadvantageous compositions of the starting material for combustion, namely the biomass materials, since it can also be supplied to the furnace according to the invention in the moist and agglomerated state.
  • the fact that the furnace 219 can be operated continuously it has a high efficiency and thus provides the conditions To ensure a high boiler efficiency of a steam boiler plant, which is not least attributable to the property of the furnace 219 that it can be operated in continuous operation. With the furnace 219, therefore, steam can be made available in continuous operation so that the power plant 200 according to the invention can also be operated continuously.
  • Fig. 3 of the drawing shows a section of the second bed portion 102 with the fluid injectors 3, which pass through the nozzle plate 120.
  • the surface between the fluid injectors 3 is filled with refractory insulating material in the form of refractory bricks 121, which ensure that the heat of combustion does not pass unhinderedly in the direction of the hollow body 2.
  • Fig. 4 of the drawing shows a sectional view of the movable sliding plank 7 can be moved by means of the hydraulic cylinder 70 shown in Fig. 1 in the direction of the double arrow.
  • the sliding plank 7 inclined plank surfaces 121 which infiltrate the fuel in a movement of the sliding plank 7 in the direction of arrow 123 and a movement in the direction of arrow 124, the fuel and / or fuel ash with the largely vertical surfaces 125 in the direction of Discharge area 1 17 of the furnace 219 can promote.
  • the furnace has the advantage that, in contrast to known furnaces, it reacts uncritically to fundamentally disadvantageous compositions of the starting material for combustion since this can also be supplied to the firing system described here in the moist and agglomerated state.
  • the invention provides a power plant with a furnace, with which biomass fuels can be fired in any form, without having to undergo a complex pretreatment, such as drying, screening, separation or the like.
  • the combustion of the fuel takes place in a fluidized bed of the combustion chamber, the bottom of which is provided with nozzles for supplying combustion air.
  • the fuel may have high humidity levels, even a moisture content of 70% does not interfere with the combustion efficiency.
  • the degree of combustion achievable with the furnace provided herein can reach values of up to 99.5% of the fuel, which is achieved by the application of the fuel by the fluid injection means and the mixing of the fuel assisted by the movable sliding plank.
  • the furnace Since the heating and drying of the fuel in the furnace provided here are regular operations, the furnace reacts insensitive to changing compositions of the fuel and its moisture content, so that a continuous operation of the furnace and the power plant is possible without the control parameters of the Firing constantly need to be readjusted.
  • Consumables, such as quartz sand, which is required for the operation of known firing, eliminated completely, as well as no grates are used must come, the maintenance of the furnace is significantly reduced, a continuous operation is possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une centrale (200) destinée à utiliser l'énergie thermique contenue dans la vapeur, comprenant un groupe générateur (201) de courant électrique entraîné par une première turbine à vapeur (207) et un échangeur de chaleur (215) qui est en liaison fluidique avec un côté sortie de vapeur (227) de la première turbine à vapeur (207) et qui est destiné à recevoir la vapeur de décharge et à fournir la chaleur pour chauffage; la centrale (200) présentant une deuxième turbine à vapeur (212) qui est reliée de manière découplabe avec un arbre (204, 206) entraîné par la première turbine à vapeur (207) aux fins de sollicitation mécanique du générateur de courant (201) et qui est reliée par liaison fluidique à un côté sortie de l'échangeur de chaleur (215), et l'échangeur de chaleur étant conçu pour fournir de l'eau chaude.
PCT/EP2013/067675 2012-08-29 2013-08-27 Centrale destinée à utiliser l'énergie thermique contenue dans la vapeur, et procédé de commande WO2014033102A2 (fr)

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DE201210107980 DE102012107980A1 (de) 2012-08-29 2012-08-29 Kraftwerk zur Nutzung von in Dampf enthaltener Wärmeenergie und Verfahren zur Steuerung dafür
DE102012107980.3 2012-08-29

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DE102012107980A1 (de) 2014-03-06

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