WO2014033102A2

WO2014033102A2 - Power plant for using thermal energy contained in steam and method for controlling said plant

Info

Publication number: WO2014033102A2
Application number: PCT/EP2013/067675
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sergey Mokrushin
Original assignee: M-S Consulting und Beteiligungs GmbH
Priority date: 2012-08-29
Filing date: 2013-08-27
Publication date: 2014-03-06
Also published as: WO2014033102A3; DE102012107980A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a power plant (200) for using the thermal energy contained in steam, said plant comprising an electric generator (201) driven by a first steam turbine (207) and a heat exchanger (215) that has a fluidic connection to a steam outlet side (227) of the first steam turbine (207) for taking up exhaust steam and for making available heating energy. The power plant (200) has a second steam turbine (212) which can be coupled to and decoupled from a shaft (204, 206) that is driven by the first steam turbine (201), in order to mechanically impinge the electric generator (201) and which has a fluidic connection on the outlet side to the heat exchanger (215). The heat exchanger is designed to provide hot water.

Description

Power plant for the use of thermal energy contained in steam and method for

Control for it

The present invention relates to a power plant for the use of heat energy contained in steam, with a driven by a first steam turbine electric power generator and a fluid outlet connected to a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, receiving exhaust steam and designed to provide heat to heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for controlling a power plant according to the preamble of claim 18.

An effective management of the energy industry requires a rational use of energy resources. In this context, for example, the combined heat and power has become known in which a heat energy in mechanical work implementing device, for example, with combustion gases from a Combustion chamber is acted upon and the heat energy is also supplied to a heat consumer for further use.

Such a device has become known for example from DE 197 20 881 A1. This known device has a gas turbine driven by the combustion gases from a combustion chamber and at least one steam turbine which is supplied with steam, which is generated by water, which is supplied with the combustion gases from the gas turbine. Another system for the coupling of power and heat has become known from WO 02/04795 A1. The plant which has become known therefrom shows a working machine which generates hot gas, which is supplied to a hot gas consumer and provides a flue gas stream which serves for the heat generation. There are already known steam-powered power plants, which have superheated steam turbines, which are driven by superheated steam at very high speeds of the turbine shafts. When such a high-speed steam turbine drives an electric power generator, a transmission is regularly arranged between the output shaft of the turbine and the input shaft of the generator, reducing the speed of the turbine shaft to the speed required by the generator shaft. With the transmission, high performance is implemented, which is why such transmissions must be cooled regularly by means of cooling oil. The use of cooling oil in the area of a power plant inevitably entails a fire hazard, which is why the cooling system area of such a power plant must be housed in separate buildings, which must be separated from the space in which the combustion chamber for generating steam. This requires a large amount of space, with the result that such a technology can not be used in the area of small power plants that are suitable for use in trade and industry. In addition, the transmission required between the turbine shaft and the generator shaft ensures a noise level, which in turn makes soundproofing measures necessary. Proceeding from this, the present invention, the object of providing a power plant for the use of thermal energy contained in steam provide, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned and is suitable for use in craft and industry and has a small footprint in terms of installation. In addition, the power plant to be created is to be operated with steam at different pressure and temperature levels. In addition, a method for controlling such a power plant is to be provided.

The invention has to solve this problem with respect to the power plant to the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments thereof are described in the further claims. In addition, the invention has the features specified in claim 18 with regard to the method, advantageous embodiments of which are described in the further claims.

The invention provides a power plant for the use of heat energy contained in steam, with an electric current generator driven by a first steam turbine and a fluidically connected to a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, for receiving exhaust steam and for providing heating heat heat exchanger and a second steam turbine , which is designed to be coupled to the mechanical loading of the power generator with a shaft driven by the first steam turbine and connected fluidly to a fluid outlet side with the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is designed to provide hot water. In other words, this means that the power plant according to the invention has a first steam turbine which can be operated, for example, by means of steam from a firing system and can generate electricity via the associated electric power generator, which can be used, for example, in industry and trade. The firing plant may be a furnace with which, as will be explained below, woody lumpy wood fuels can be fired, such as those found in the woodworking industry. In general, the furnace can be designed for the combustion of biomass material.

The first steam turbine has an outlet for exhaust steam, which is connected to a heat exchanger, so that the originating from the first steam turbine exhaust steam can be used to provide heat by means of the heat exchanger, so for example for the generation of district heating. In addition to the first steam turbine, the power plant according to the invention has a second steam turbine, which is connected to the mechanical loading, so the drive of the power generator with the shaft with which the first steam turbine is coupled to the power generator. The second steam turbine can be decoupled from the composite of the power generator and the first steam turbine and has a fluid outlet, which is also fluidly connected to the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is also designed to provide hot water.

The configuration according to the invention thus makes it possible to apply to the steam provided by the above-mentioned firing plant, for example, the first steam turbine and the second steam turbine or, depending on, for example, the amount or the temperature or the pressure of the steam provided, only one steam turbine. The two steam turbines may be a high-pressure steam turbine and a low-pressure steam turbine, so that the low-pressure steam turbine, for example, with exhaust steam of the high-pressure steam turbine is charged. If the furnace supplies high-pressure steam, for example, the high-pressure steam turbine can also be acted upon alone and thus electricity is generated; the low-pressure steam turbine alone can also be acted upon, for example, if the firing system provides low-pressure steam.

When high pressure steam is provided by the furnace, the high pressure steam turbine and the low pressure steam turbine may be energized and the fluid provided by the fluid outlet of the low pressure steam turbine may be supplied in the form of condensate to the heat exchanger where it is used to provide hot water.

Thus, the invention provides the ability to generate electricity during the period free of heating period and to provide hot water with the combination of high-pressure steam turbine and low-pressure steam turbine and power generator and hot water heat exchanger. If a heating period occurs, the low-pressure steam turbine can be decoupled from the composite with the high-pressure steam turbine and the power generator, and the exhaust steam from the high-pressure steam turbine can be led into the heat exchanger where it is used to provide heating heat. If only low-pressure steam is available as the energy source, which may be the case, for example, during a heating-period-free period, electricity can be generated with the low-pressure steam turbine and hot water can also be provided via the condensate from the low-pressure steam turbine and the heat exchanger.

Thus, the power plant according to the invention makes it possible that any form of steam can be used to generate electricity, which can be steam resulting from the combustion of wood waste generated during wood processing or, more generally, biomass materials. With the small power station according to the invention it is therefore possible to generate both electricity and witness as well as to use the resulting heat energy for heating purposes and / or for hot water preparation in the combustion of said fuels.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the second steam turbine with a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine for receiving exhaust steam of the first steam turbine without interposition of a throttle body is fluid-conductively connected and decoupled connected. By eliminating a usually existing throttle body at the exhaust steam outlet of the first steam turbine, a loss-free use of the exhaust steam of the first steam turbine is enabled, i. Usually existing irreversible throttle losses are avoided.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the second steam turbine is a lower pressure than the first steam turbine acted upon steam turbine and the first and / or the second steam turbine is connected by means of a positive coupling, in particular a curved tooth coupling with the shaft. The positive connection in the form of the curved tooth coupling makes it possible to realize a torsionally rigid connection between the output side of the first steam turbine with the simultaneous possibility of bridging a shaft offset between the generator shaft and the shaft of the first steam turbine. Also, the output shaft of the second steam turbine can be connected by means of a torsionally rigid coupling in the form of a curved tooth coupling with the shaft of the first steam turbine, so that a shaft offset between the two waves can be compensated. It is provided according to a development of the invention that the second steam turbine is releasably connected by means of an electromagnetically actuated clutch with the shaft. Thus, the coupling can be operated remotely, for example, depending on a measured power consumption or depending on the quality of the available steam. For example, if pressure steam available, then, in spite of a need for heating, the electromagnetically actuated clutch can be actuated for example from a control level by an operator or by an automatic control device to start the second steam turbine and with the then acting on the shaft of the generator total power of the first and second steam turbine to meet the amount of electricity provided.

It is also provided according to a development of the invention that the first and / or second steam turbine is designed to drive other mechanically driven consumers. In this way, the steam energy can also be used for example, in addition to the electric power generator to operate a compressed air system, a pumping station or the like.

It is also provided according to a development of the invention that the steam turbines are coupled to the electric power generator without the interposition of a transmission. In this way, the problem of fire risk is significantly reduced and reduces the space required for the installation of the power plant according to the invention. After no transmission is present, no transmission oil cooling must be installed so that a single room is sufficient for the installation of the power plant according to the invention.

It is also provided according to a development of the invention that the power plant has a furnace for woody biomass fuels, with a combustion chamber having a surface having a first, arranged at an angle to the horizontal bed portion with first Fluideinblasmitteln and a substantially horizontally disposed second bed portion with second Fluid injection means, wherein the first Fluideinblasmittel for applying gaseous fluid from below the surface of the first bed portion in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the first bed portion are formed and the second fluid injection means for discharging gaseous fluid both from below the surface of the second bed portion in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the second bed portion and laterally in a cross section of the second bed portion viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface of the second Bettab- section are formed.

The configuration of the power plant according to the invention with such a firing therefore makes it possible to avoid an independent predrying process, which takes place outside the furnace, of biomass fuels intended for combustion. The biomass fuels may be waste wood industry, forest residues, waste wood or industrial lumber, ie wood materials that are produced in the wood industry, such as wood chips, sawdust, sawdust and the like. Thus, the fuels combustible by the furnace are solid fuels which also include wood bark, peat moss, brown coal or hard coal and also agricultural waste or landscape care material such as, for example, sprouts, straw or the like and semi-solid biomass. As a result, the firing is an all-fuel firing.

The furnace allows for a problem-free automated operation of the power plant by means of remote monitoring or automatic monitoring of the temperature in the combustion chamber of the furnace. Namely, this formation of the firing enables fluidization of the fuel similar to fluidized bed fluidization on the first and second bed portions of the surface, resulting in a uniform distribution of the fuel. Fuel which is applied to the first bed section arranged at an angle to the horizontal is discharged from the gaseous fluid stream introduced by the first fluid injection means in the form of air or flue gas already heated, for example, by the furnace, and at the same time subjected to heat radiation by, in particular, heat radiation from the region of the second bed section dried from the outer edges of the glued fuel lump and one subjected to active movement, so that the fuel clumps disintegrate and flow down along the inclined at an angle first bed portion toward the second bed portion in the already inflamed or at least partially burning condition.

The already ignited fuel is also applied in the region of the second horizontally arranged bed section by means of the second fluid injection from below the surface of the second bed section with a gaseous mass flow of fluid and kept in motion, so that also such constituents of the fuel, during their Dwell on the first bed section still remain in a partially clumped state, disintegrate. The process of disintegration of the lumps of fuel and complete combustion of the fuel is further assisted by the second fluid injection means in the region of the second bed portion by the fluid injection means for delivering gaseous fluid to the fuel lying on the second bed portion in a cross section of the second Bed section viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface of the second bed portion are formed.

The firing therefore ensures, for example, clumped, moist wood fuel materials for Bedfluidisation of the fuel, ie for liquefaction of the lumped fuel to a fuel flow similar to a fluid flow and thus also for complete combustion of wet fuels, such as wood fuels, with known firing can not be burned or not with high efficiency. With the firing, a steam boiler for providing steam of different quality for the power plant according to the invention can be operated.

The first and second bed sections of the furnace may be provided with fluid injection means provided by a hollow box-shaped body provided with a fluid passage opening and the body may be provided with fluid exit openings directed towards the surface of the first and second bed sections, and the body may have sidewalls extending laterally from the surface of the second bed section at least along a portion of the second bed section at angles to the horizontal are provided with fluid outlet openings at an angle to the surface of the second bed portion.

The hollow body acts as an air diffuser, wherein on the upper side of the hollow body in each case substantially vertically arranged fluid injection means in the form of, for example, injectors or nozzles are arranged both in the first and in the second bed section. At least in the region of the second bed section, the hollow body has sidewalls extending at an angle to the horizontal, which are provided with injectors or nozzles which are also arranged substantially at right angles relative to the upper sides of the sidewalls and which also arrange the fuel arranged on the second bed section the side with a fluid flow in the form of flue gas or air and thus provide together with the other provided in the second bed portion Fluideinblasmitteln for a continuous movement of the fuel. This results in a complete combustion of the biomass fuel and also that any existing, already comminuted biomass fuel lumps continue to disintegrate. According to a variant of this, in the angle to the horizontal extending side cheeks with the Fluideinblasmittteln the side cheeks of the second bed portion corresponding fluid injection means may also be provided at least on a partial region of the longitudinal extension of the first bed section. All of these features ensure highly efficient combustion of the fuel, so that even a small-scale incinerator ensures sufficient supply of steam to the power plant.

The fluid injection means may include a plurality of extending from the interior of the hollow body tubular piece devices with exhaust nozzles and between the devices thermally insulating means may be arranged in particular of brick material in the form of, for example, chamottes and the facilities may be provided distributed over substantially the entire surface in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the first and second bed section.

The purging nozzles provide kinetic energy to the biomass fuel lumps so that they are kept in motion and disintegrate into a fuel stream similar to a fluid stream flowing in a channel or riverbed. This decay movement is aided by the thermal impact of the lumps of fuel in the region of the first bed section, where the biomass particles are already starting to burn, so that the fuel lumps dissolve and become dried, fluid-like biomass particles.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the first and second bed section are arranged in a combustion chamber of the furnace for the power plant and provided in the region of the second bed section operable in particular by means of a push rod feed grate in the form of a sliding plank, for example, with channels is provided for the passage of cooling fluid. As a result of the arrangement of the two bed sections in the combustion chamber, intensive exposure of the biomass material lumps to radiant heat already occurs in the region of the first bed section, whereby rapid drying of the moist biomass material lumps is achieved, which is promoted and intensified by the underwinding by means of the first fluid injection means. The application of radiant heat to the biomass fuel also ensures that the fuel material is already ignited in the region of the first bed section and remains in the inflamed and in the form of ever-decreasing lumps until finally a fluid flow of burning biomass particles is present. long of the longitudinal direction of the first bed portion towards the second bed portion moves.

In the area of the second bed section, a feed grate or a sliding plank is provided, which also helps to further divide or disintegrate any biomass particles still present in the form of lumps and to convey already completely burnt biomass particles in the direction of a discharge end of the second bed section , In addition, the feed grate may be provided with channels extending, for example, meandering along the longitudinal direction of the feed grate, for the passage of cooling fluid. For example, the heat transferred to the cooling fluid may be used for heating purposes or for energy conversion and power generation by pressurizing one or more in-line turbines driving a generator. The furnace for the power plant may have for loading the first bed section with biomass material fuel provided with a push rod discharge hopper above the first bed section, which is provided with level sensors for determining a lower and upper fuel level in the hopper and by a conveyor in the form, for example one Scraper belt conveyor, which is controllable by means of the level sensors, automatically filled with fuel.

The device for feeding the first bed section in the form of, for example, the push rod discharge device can be actuated by means of suitable sensors, for example temperature measuring sensors or sensors which measure the layer thickness of the biomass material fuel on the first bed section, thus conveying fuel to the first bed section. Due to this promotion, the fuel level in the hopper drops, a lower level sensor switches after reaching a lower fuel level the above only As an example mentioned scraper conveyor for feeding the hopper, the scraper belt conveyor runs until the level sensor detects to determine an upper fuel level in the hopper that the upper fuel level is reached and the scraper conveyor is switched off by the upper level sensor again. This means that the firing system can be automated and ensures that the power plant can also be operated automatically.

The furnace provided for the power plant may have at the discharge end region of the second bed section a device for the automatic discharge of fuel ash, in the form of, for example, a screw conveyor, which is designed to automatically convey fuel ash or slag. This also ensures the possibility of complete automation of the furnace and thus of the power plant according to the invention. It is provided according to a development of the invention that the first bed portion of the furnace at an angle in a range of 20 to 60 degrees, preferably in a range of 30 to 50 degrees, preferably arranged in a range of 35 to 45 degrees relative to the second bed portion is. The angle at which the first bed section is arranged relative to the second bed section can be set, for example, as a function of the moisture value of the biomass combustion material intended for combustion. It is also intended to form the hollow body clamshell, wherein a first shell or a first portion is associated with the first bed portion and the second shell or the second portion of the hollow body is associated with the second bed portion. By means of a hinged connection of the first bed section to the second bed section and an articulated connection of the first section of the hollow body to the second section of the hollow body, a simple angular adjustment of the first bed section as well as the first section of the hollow body relative to the second bed section and to the second Reach section of the hollow body. Similarly, according to a further development of the firing system provided for the power plant, it is provided that the angle to the surface of the second bed section in which the second fluid injection means emits gaseous fluid is about 20 to 60 degrees, preferably 30 to 50 degrees, preferably 35 to 45 degrees, in each case relative to the substantially horizontal surface of the second bed section.

The first bed section and the first fluid injection means may be formed such that woody, agglomerated biomass fuels are dryable by the heat input and the application of gaseous fluid substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first bed section and from the lumpy state into a liquid-like state. This design ensures that the biomass particles composing the fuel are already transferred from the lumpy state into a flowable liquid-like state substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first bed section, where they are already dried and ignited. The further combustion of the biomass particles until their complete combustion then takes place in the region of the second bed section, the biomass particles flow from the first bed section due to the inclination of the first bed section towards the second bed section and enter the detection area of the feed grate or the sliding plank, where they ultimately further conveyed in the form of ash toward the automatic means for disposal of fuel ash provided at the discharge end region of the second bed section. The furnace is characterized by the very efficient combustion with a small footprint and is therefore particularly well suited for the power plant according to the invention. The firing system provided for the power plant can generally be a wood fuel firing system with fluid injection means for bed fluidization of clumped wood fuels, with a combustion chamber at the bottom of which a fluid discharge device is arranged, which is in the form of a hollow body with vertically arranged fluid injectors, between them a layer of insulating material is arranged. The hollow body may be formed with abutted portions, and at the top of the furnace, a hopper may be provided which provides fuel to a grate and a screw conveyor for ash removal may be disposed at the end of the furnace and a portion of the hollow body may be arranged horizontally and be provided with lateral extensions that provide a second Fiuideinbiasstromung to promote the combustion of the wood fuels.

The firing can be controlled automatically such that when a temperature detected in the combustion chamber falls, which may be biomass fuel in general, in particular moist, agglomerated wood fuel of the woodworking industry, is discharged from a hopper to a fire grate of the furnace has at least one substantially horizontally disposed portion is discharged from the side cheeks of Bettab- section of gaseous fluid towards fuel located on the bed section and the decrease of the detected by a first sensor fuel level in the hopper below a predetermined value, a fuel conveyor for supplying fuel is operated in the hopper until an increase of the fuel level in the hopper is determined by a second sensor to a predetermined value.

By the lateral loading of the fuel on the substantially horizontally extending bed section with gaseous fluid, a complete combustion of the fuel, which in the hopper a moist, tends to clumping consistencies has achieved, and at the same time realizes a movement of the fuel such that any remaining fuel lumps decay and so a complete combustion is possible. According to another aspect of the method, the level in the fuel funnel or hopper is detected, and then, when the fuel supply has dropped in the hopper below a predetermined level, a fuel conveyor is set in motion, which operates the hopper until from a second sensor in the Hopper is found that the fuel level has reached a predetermined value again. As a result, an efficient control of the furnace is achieved for a trouble-free continuous operation, which is a significant advantage that it can be operated in continuous operation together with the power plant according to the invention.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the first steam turbine at a steam inlet side at a pressure in the range of about 12 kg / cm ² to about 40 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 250 degrees Celsius to about 500 Degrees Celsius is applied. These values have proven to be advantageous in the first steam turbine of the power plant according to the invention. At the steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, the exhaust steam may exit at a pressure in the range from about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² and at a temperature in the range from about 150 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius , These values have proven to be advantageous in the first steam turbine.

The second steam turbine can be pressurized at its steam inlet side with steam at a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 120 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius and on an outlet side Fluid at a pressure ranging from about 0.12 kg / cm ² to about 0.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature ranging from about 50 degrees Celsius to about 75 degrees Celsius delivered. These values have proved to be advantageous for the second steam turbine of the power plant according to the invention, the input values of the second Steam turbine corresponding largely the outlet values of the exhaust steam of the first steam turbine, so that a series connection of the two steam turbines is easily possible. Also, the input values of the second steam turbine may be provided from the above-described furnace to the boiler system for generating low-pressure steam charged by the furnace. The second steam turbine can deliver at its outlet side fluid, which is provided to provide hot water through the heat exchanger and to have temperatures in the range of about 50 degrees Celsius to about 75 degrees Celsius, ie values that are predetermined for hot water supply.

Finally, according to the invention, it is also provided that, when a temperature determined in the combustion chamber of the furnace provided for use with the power plant according to the invention is lowered, fuel is discharged from a hopper to a fire grate of the furnace, which has at least one largely horizontally arranged bed section is discharged from the side walls of the bed portion of gaseous fluid in the direction of located on the bed portion fuel and the decrease of the detected by a first sensor fuel level in the hopper below a predetermined value, a fuel conveyor for supplying fuel into the hopper until a second Sensor is detected an increase in the fuel level in the hopper to a predetermined value.

This method enables fully automated operation of the firing system provided for the further development of the power station and thus fully automated operation of the power plant according to the invention. It has proven to be advantageous if the first and the second steam turbine each have a steam consumption in the range of about 5 tons per hour to about 70 tons per hour. With the parameters mentioned above overall, the invention provides that ne power plant has a useful coefficient of 85 to 89 percent and is particularly suitable for use as a small power plant in, for example, industry and commerce.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. This shows in:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention; 2 is a side view of a schematic representation of a furnace of the power plant.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a sectional view taken along section A - A of Fig. 2;

4 is a schematic representation of a detail of the second bed section; and

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of a movable sliding plank, which is provided in the region of the second Bettabschnitts.

The power plant 200 has a power generator 201, which is supported on a support frame or machine foundation 202. In the drawing plane to the left of the current generator 201, a support bearing 203 is arranged, on which the generator shaft 204 is supported. The generator shaft 204 extends in the plane of the drawing in the direction of the right directed to a gear coupling 205, which rotatably and with the possibility of compensating for a shaft offset with the shaft 206 of the high-pressure turbine 207 connects. The shaft 206 is supported on the machine foundation 202 via a support bearing 208 and another support bearing 209. In the plane of the drawing to the right of the support bearing 209, a further curved tooth coupling 210 is shown, with which the shaft 206 of the high-pressure turbine 207 with the shaft 21 1 of the low-pressure turbine 212 is rotationally locked and coupled with the possibility of compensating for a shaft offset. The shaft 21 1 of the low-pressure turbine 212 is supported via a support bearing 213 and another support bearing 214 on the machine foundation 202. Between the shaft 206 of the high-pressure turbine 207 and the shaft 21 1 of the low-pressure turbine 212 may be provided in the drawing, not shown remote operable electromagnetic clutch, with the torsionally rigid coupling between the shaft 206 and the shaft 21 1 can be repealed. In this way, the low-pressure turbine 212 may be decoupled from the composite with the high-pressure turbine 207 and the power generator 201. This is advantageous if more heat energy provided by the steam is required for heating purposes, as will be discussed in more detail below.

In the plane of the drawing below the machine foundation 202 is a common heat exchanger 215 is arranged, the term was chosen together because it is connected via an exhaust steam line 216 with both the high-pressure turbine 207 and via a fluid line 217 with the low-pressure turbine 212 and so that it is coupled with both turbines together and can be used both for heating purposes and for the provision of hot water. The exhaust steam line 216 and the fluid line 217 can be opened or closed via respective shut-off valves 218, so that the fluid-conducting connection can be opened or closed separately from the high-pressure turbine 207 under low-pressure turbine 212 to the heat exchanger 215. Steam, which is provided by the furnace 219 shown in more detail with reference to FIG. 2 of the drawing, is supplied to the power plant 200 via a steam line 220. The steam line 220 can be closed and opened via a main steam valve 221, downstream of the main steam valve 221 is a shut-off valve 222 is disposed, the shut-off valve 222 is followed by a separator 223 and a control valve 224, the separator 223 serves to separate condensate and with the Control valve 224, the amount of steam can be controlled, which is supplied to the turbine or the. The turbine inlet 225 is preceded by a sieve 226, with which any foreign bodies entrained with the vapor can be retained in the form of rust particles or scale particles.

The first steam turbine or high-pressure steam turbine 207 has a steam outlet side or steam outlet 227 which is fluid-conductively coupled to a steam inlet 228 of the low-pressure steam turbine 212 via a shut-off and / or regulating valve 229, with which the steam supply to the low-pressure turbine 212 can be completely interrupted and also the low pressure turbine 212 supplied amount of steam can be changed.

If the high-pressure steam turbine 207 supplied steam via the steam line 220, the shaft 206 is driven and thus via the gear coupling 205 and the shaft 204 of the power generator 201th Exhaust steam from the turbine 207 can be supplied to the heat exchanger 215 via the exhaust steam line 216 and / or the low-pressure turbine 212 via the steam inlet 228. If high heat output is required, the supply of exhaust steam to the low-pressure turbine 212 can be stopped via the valve 229 and the complete quantity be supplied to exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine 207 via the exhaust steam line to the heat exchanger 215. The heat exchanger 215 has a valve on its upper side or an ejector 230, which is then used, should set an excessively high pressure in the heat exchanger 215.

About a shown in Fig. 1 on the right side plan view can be seen that the heat exchanger 215 has a schematically illustrated fluid line 231, which serves to transport hot water and / or hot water, so both for the supply of one or more buildings with hot water for Hot water use as well as for the supply of hot water for heating purposes can be used.

In a period of heating demand, the power plant can supply both electricity and heating and hot water. When the power plant 200 is operating at a time without heating power demand, the fluid line 216 may be shut off via the shut-off valve 218 and exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine 207 may be supplied via the valve 229 to the low-pressure turbine 212, such that the power generator 201 is connected to the cumulative power from the high-pressure turbine 207 and the low pressure turbine 212 may be driven to provide electrical power. Since hot water is required for hot water use even in a heat-period free time, the relaxed in the low-pressure turbine 212 fluid is supplied via the fluid line 217 to the heat exchanger 215, which is connected via the fluid line 231 with the hot water pipes of the building, not shown, so that with the power plant 200 electric power can be provided even in a period free of heating period and hot water can be provided.

The following table shows, inter alia, that the speed of the generator shaft 204, turbine shaft 206 and turbine shaft 21 1 composed shaft of the power plant is 3000 revolutions per minute and thus aufwei- usually a known power plants and thus cooling requirements aufwei- transmission between turbine and power generator is not necessary. The sound pressure level is only 75 dB, so the power plant 200 can be operated without elaborate noise control measures in industry and craft.

In the selected embodiment, the high-pressure turbine 207 is operated with a steam temperature of 330 degrees Celsius at the inlet, the exhaust steam of the high-pressure turbine 207 has a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius, with the exhaust steam is the low-pressure turbine 212 applied to generate electricity.

The relaxed in the low-pressure turbine 212 steam leaves the low-pressure turbine 212 via the fluid line 217 and enters the heat exchanger 215 with a pressure of about 0.12 kg / cm ² to 0.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of 50 to 75 Degrees Celsius.

The steam needed to operate the power plant 200 is provided by the furnace 219 shown in FIG. 2 of the drawings. Furnace 219 is a furnace that can burn damp, agglomerated wood fuel or other biomass fuel, as mentioned above, without the need for a stand-alone pre-drying process running outside the furnace 219. The furnace 219 has a combustion chamber 1 which extends over the entire area of the first bed section 5 and the second bed section 6.

The combustion chamber 1 has a first combustion chamber portion or pre-combustion chamber 101, in which a first bed portion 1 1 1 of a surface 1 10 is arranged and a second combustion chamber portion 102, in which a second bed portion 1 12 of the surface 1 10 is arranged. The area may be a fire grate, preferably the furnace 219 works without a grate, so that maintenance work on the grate can be omitted.

In one shown on the left side of Fig. 2 hopper 8 or fuel storage is in the illustrated embodiment, a non-illustrated wood fuel, for example, from wood residues of the wood industry, wood chips, wood chips, sawdust, crushed wood residues from the forest and the like can be composed and has lost its fluidity or flowability due to stored high humidity. Therefore, the hopper 8 or fuel hopper is formed in a top-bottom flaring configuration to prevent clogging of the hopper with the clogging wet wood fuel.

The hopper 8 is provided with an upper level sensor 10 and a lower level sensor 1 1. The wood material in the hopper 8 is located in the region of the lower end of the hopper 8 on a conveyor 90 or can be discharged from the hopper 8 onto the conveyor 90 by, for example, a closure is opened at the lower end of the hopper 8, and can be conveyed from the conveyor 90, for example by means of the push rod discharge device 9 shown in the drawing on the first bed section 1 1 1 explained in more detail below. For this purpose, the push rod discharge device 9 has a hydraulic cylinder 91, with which the wood can be transported via a conveyor grate 92 in the direction of the feed area 1 13 of the first bed section 1 1 1.

If the fuel level in the hopper 8 falls below a lower threshold, then this is detected by the lower level sensor 1 1, which then sets a schematically illustrated on the top of the hopper 8 conveyor 13 in the form of a Kratzbandförderers in motion, then the wood fuel of a storage warehouse, not shown, transported to the hopper 8, on the upper side, for example, an automatically opening closure can be provided, which is then opened, so that over the conveyor belt conveyor wood fuel is introduced into the hopper 8. The scraper conveyor remains in operation until it is determined by the upper level sensor 10 that an upper level of wood fuel in the hopper 8 has been reached and then the scraper conveyor is switched off and the open closure of the hopper 8 closed again.

The task area 1 13 of the first bed section 1 1 1 is already arranged within the first combustion chamber section 101, the task area 1 13 has thus already been heated by the existing heat in the combustion chamber 1 and the clumped moist wood fuel from the hopper 8 falls on the heated Task area 1 13. The first bed portion 1 1 1 is formed inclined relative to the second bed portion 1 12, so that the wood fuel due to the inclination of the surface of the first bed portion 1 1 1 toward the second bed portion 1 12, which is arranged substantially horizontally, can move.

Due to its moist consistency, the wood fuel has lost its fluidity or flowability and is in the task area 1 13 on. The first bed section 1 1 1 is the same as the second bed section 1 12 provided with fluid ideinblasmitteln. With these fluid injection means gaseous fluid in the form of, for example, heated air or recirculated exhaust gas in the direction of the surface of the first bed portion 1 1 1 and second bed portion 1 12 are discharged. As can be seen in more detail with reference to Fig. 2 of the drawing, the first bed portion 1 1 1 has a plurality of pipe-shaped means 3 in the form of exhaust nozzles or injectors, which are arranged substantially perpendicular to the angled surface 14 of the first bed portion. Below the first bed portion 101 is a box-shaped hollow body 2 is arranged, which has an arrow marked with an inlet region 16, can be introduced into the hot gaseous fluid, for example by a not shown high-pressure fan, the fluid, for example by means of one of the firing fed, not shown Lufterhit- zers can be heated. The heated air rises the hollow box-shaped body 2 along the first portion 5 toward the task area 1 13 up and there as well as all other pipe-shaped means 3 of the first bed portion 1 1 1 in the direction of the surface of the bed portion 1 1 1 from namely at a high flow rate, so that the lumped wood fuel lying on the feed area 13 is set in motion, which, together with the application of heat, causes the wood fuel lumps to decay and regain their fluidity and to travel along the first bed section 11 1 in the direction of the first bed section 11 move the second bed section 1 12. By applying heat in conjunction with the exposure of the lumps of wood material with hot gaseous fluid flowing out the wood pulp lumps along their path along the first bed section 1 1 1 decay to ever smaller pieces of wood material until they are already in the area of the first bed section 1 1 1 to free-flowing or on the air bubble formed by the hot incoming air The flowable wood particles have disintegrated fluidized, dried and ignited.

The dried and already ignited wood-material particles flow in this way, supported by the inclination of the first bed section 1 1 1 opposite the second bed section 1 12 and reach there into the detection area of a feed grate or scraper or the Schiebeplanke 7, by a hydraulic cylinder 70 along the Longitudinal direction of the second bed portion 1 12 can be moved back and forth.

As a result of this movement of the sliding plank 7, further mixing of the wood particles takes place on the one hand and transport of the wood particles in the direction of the discharge end region 17 of the second bed section 12, on the other hand. In the area of the discharge end of the second bed section 12, an automatic means of transport is provided of fuel ash in the form of the screw conveyor 12 shown in the drawing, with which fuel ash can be conveyed out during operation of the furnace 219 and disposed of. The screw conveyor is arranged in a collecting container in which the ash or slag can be collected.

Also in the area below the second bed portion 1 12 extends a second portion 6 of the hollow body 2, which is traversed by hot air, which also provided in the region of the second bed portion 1 12 pipe-shaped devices 3 with exhaust nozzles or injectors in the direction of the surface of the second bed portion 1 12 can be discharged starting from the hollow body 2, whereby a further mixing of the transported on the surface 1 15 of the second bed portion similar to a fluid flowing in a bed fluid can take place wood fuel. As can be seen from the sectional view shown in FIG. 3 of the drawing, the air flows from the second section 6 through the pipe-piece-like devices 3 in the direction of the surface 15 of the second bed section 12 and thereby also passes through the sliding plank 7, which is provided with passages or openings, which are formed between cooling channels 1 18 of the sliding plank 7, can be passed through the coolant in the form, for example, of water. The thus heated water can be used for heating purposes, for example. As is also apparent from FIG. 3, an insulating layer 4 of, for example, a brick material in the form of fireclay bricks 121 shown in more detail with reference to FIG. 4 is provided between the pipe-piece-shaped devices 3, which ensures that they are replaced by the intensive Combustion on the second bed portion 1 12 resulting heat can not proceed unimpeded towards the hollow body 2. Fig. 3 also shows that the second bed portion 1 12 in the cross-sectional view of the second bed portion shown there 1 12 extending at an angle to the horizontal side extensions or side walls 1 19, below which also the second portion 6 of the hollow body. 2 extends with its air ducts and the heated air can pass through the arranged also in the side walls 1 19 tubular pieces 3 with interposed insulating layers 4 or firebricks 121 toward the located on the surface of the second bed section 1 1 12 wood fuel and on this Way the complete combustion of the wood fuel can be achieved. In addition, the pipe-shaped devices 3 of the second bed section 1 12, which are arranged below the largely horizontally arranged feed grate 7 and the pipe-piece-shaped devices 3, which are arranged in the side walls 1 19, ensure that any remaining wood fuel lumps due to the intense movement due completely disintegrating when exposed to hot air. len and in this way a complete combustion of the originally moist clumped wood fuel is achieved.

Combustor 219 also allows complete combustion automation. For this purpose, by means of a monitoring of the temperature in the combustion chamber, when it has dropped below a predetermined value, an instruction is issued by an intended, but not shown control device such that the hopper 8 supplies the combustion chamber with a further amount of wood fuel , This is then transported by the conveyor 90 back to the task area 1 13. As the fuel level in the hopper 8 approaches a predetermined lower level of fuel level, it is detected by the lower level sensor 11, which then operates the conveyor 13, opens a top flap located at, for example, the hopper 8, and inserts wood fuel into the hopper - is introduced until the level of the fuel in the hopper 8 reaches the upper level sensor 10 and the conveyor 13 is turned off by the level sensor 10. Thus, uninterrupted operation of the furnace 219 and thus of the power plant 200 can be achieved since, unlike other furnaces in the furnace 219, there is no formation of agglomerations, as is the case with other furnaces, and it is not necessary Firing in a predetermined rhythm, for example, to stop monthly to perform a cleaning, the furnace 219 can remain in operation year-round.

The furnace 219 has the advantage that, in contrast to other firing, it reacts uncritically to fundamentally disadvantageous compositions of the starting material for combustion, namely the biomass materials, since it can also be supplied to the furnace according to the invention in the moist and agglomerated state. The fact that the furnace 219 can be operated continuously, it has a high efficiency and thus provides the conditions To ensure a high boiler efficiency of a steam boiler plant, which is not least attributable to the property of the furnace 219 that it can be operated in continuous operation. With the furnace 219, therefore, steam can be made available in continuous operation so that the power plant 200 according to the invention can also be operated continuously.

Fig. 3 of the drawing shows a section of the second bed portion 102 with the fluid injectors 3, which pass through the nozzle plate 120. The surface between the fluid injectors 3 is filled with refractory insulating material in the form of refractory bricks 121, which ensure that the heat of combustion does not pass unhinderedly in the direction of the hollow body 2.

Fig. 4 of the drawing shows a sectional view of the movable sliding plank 7 can be moved by means of the hydraulic cylinder 70 shown in Fig. 1 in the direction of the double arrow.

In this case, the sliding plank 7 inclined plank surfaces 121 which infiltrate the fuel in a movement of the sliding plank 7 in the direction of arrow 123 and a movement in the direction of arrow 124, the fuel and / or fuel ash with the largely vertical surfaces 125 in the direction of Discharge area 1 17 of the furnace 219 can promote.

The furnace has the advantage that, in contrast to known furnaces, it reacts uncritically to fundamentally disadvantageous compositions of the starting material for combustion since this can also be supplied to the firing system described here in the moist and agglomerated state. The fact that the furnace can be operated continuously, it has a high efficiency and thus provides the conditions, a high boiler efficiency Ensuring steam boiler system, which is not least attributable to the property of the furnace, that it can be operated in continuous operation.

The invention provides a power plant with a furnace, with which biomass fuels can be fired in any form, without having to undergo a complex pretreatment, such as drying, screening, separation or the like. The combustion of the fuel takes place in a fluidized bed of the combustion chamber, the bottom of which is provided with nozzles for supplying combustion air. The fuel may have high humidity levels, even a moisture content of 70% does not interfere with the combustion efficiency. The degree of combustion achievable with the furnace provided herein can reach values of up to 99.5% of the fuel, which is achieved by the application of the fuel by the fluid injection means and the mixing of the fuel assisted by the movable sliding plank.

Due to the very efficient combustion in the furnace is also achieved that the space required by the furnace compared to known firing can be significantly reduced, so that the furnace with its height of about 40 cm to about 150 cm in block design below the boiler of a turbine plant can be positioned and not missed, as is usually the case.

Since the heating and drying of the fuel in the furnace provided here are regular operations, the furnace reacts insensitive to changing compositions of the fuel and its moisture content, so that a continuous operation of the furnace and the power plant is possible without the control parameters of the Firing constantly need to be readjusted. Consumables, such as quartz sand, which is required for the operation of known firing, eliminated completely, as well as no grates are used must come, the maintenance of the furnace is significantly reduced, a continuous operation is possible.

With regard to the features of the invention which are not explained in greater detail above, reference is expressly made to the claims and the drawings.

Reference time list

1 combustion chamber 1 16 arrow, Fluideintrittsöffr

2 hollow body 1 17 discharge area

3 pipe-piece-shaped device, Fluideinblas- 1 18 cooling channels

medium 1 19 side panels

4 insulating layer

5 first section 200 power plant

6 second section 201 power generator

7 feed grate 202 support frame

8 hopper 203 support bearing

9 pushrod discharge device 204 generator shaft

10 upper level sensor 205 curved tooth coupling

1 1 lower level sensor 206 shaft

12 Screw conveyor 207 High-pressure turbine

13 conveyor, rim belt conveyor 208 support bearing

209 support bearings

90 conveyor 210 curved tooth coupling

91 hydraulic cylinder 21 1 shaft

92 conveying grate 212 low-pressure turbine

101 first combustion chamber section 213 support bearing

102 second combustion chamber section 214 support bearing

215 heat exchangers

1 10 fire grate, surface 216 Evaporating pipe

1 1 1 first bed section 217 fluid line

1 12 second bed section 218 shut-off valve

1 13 Task area 219 Firing

1 14 Surface of the first bed section 220 steam line

1 15 Surface of the second bed section 221 Main steam valve 222 shut-off valve

223 separators

224 control valve

225 turbine entry

226 sieve

227 steam outlet side

228 steam inlet

229 Shut-off and control valve

230 valve

231 fluid line

120 nozzle bottom

121 firebricks

122 plank surface

123 arrow

124 arrow

125 area

Claims

claims

1 . Power plant (200) for utilizing thermal energy contained in steam, with an electric power generator (201) driven by a first steam turbine (207) and fluidically connected to a steam outlet side (227) of the first steam turbine (207) for receiving exhaust steam and Provision of heat-exchanged heat exchangers (215), characterized in that the power plant (200) has a second steam turbine (212) for mechanically loading the power generator (201) with a shaft (204, 206) driven by the first steam turbine (207) ) is detachably connected and with an outlet side to the heat exchanger (215) is fluidly connected and the heat exchanger is designed to provide hot water.

Second power plant (200) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second steam turbine (212) with a Dampfauslassseite (227) of the first steam turbine (207) for receiving exhaust steam of the first steam turbine (207) formed without fluidly connected decoupled without the interposition of a throttle body is.

3. Power plant (200) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second steam turbine (212) with a lower pressure than the first steam turbine (207) can be acted upon steam turbine and the first (207) and / or the second (212) steam turbine by means of a positive coupling (205, 210), in particular a gear coupling, with the shaft (204, 206) are connected.

4. Power plant (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second steam turbine (212) by means of an electromagnetically actuated clutch with the shaft (204, 206) is detachably connected.

5. Power plant (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized marked, that the first (207) and / or second (212) steam turbine is designed to drive further mechanically driven consumers.

6. Power plant (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fluid line (216, 217) between the heat exchanger (215) and the first (205) and second (212) steam turbine each have a shut-off valve (218).

7. Power plant (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam turbines (207, 212) are coupled to the electric power generator (201) without the interposition of a transmission.

8. Power plant (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a furnace (219) for woody, lumpy biomass fuels, with a combustion chamber (1) and a surface (1 10) having a first, arranged at an angle to the horizontal bed section (1 1 1) with first fluid injection means (3) and a substantially horizontally arranged second bed portion (1 12) with second fluid injection means (3), and the first fluid injection means (3) for discharging gaseous fluid from below the surface (1 14) of the first bed portion in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface (1 14) of the first bed portion (1 1 1) are formed and the second fluid injection means (3) for the application of gaseous fluid both from below the surface (1 15) of the second bed portion in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface (1 15) of the second bed portion and in a cross section of the second bed portion (1 12) viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface (15 ) of the second bed section are formed.

9. power plant (200) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first (1 1 1) and second (1 12) bed portion of a provided with a fluid inlet opening (1 16) hollow box-shaped body (2) formed with fluid injection means (3) and the body (2) is provided with fluid exit openings directed towards the surface of the first (1 1 1) and second (1 12) bed sections, and the body (2) extends laterally at least along a partial area of the second bed section (1 12) from the surface (1 15) of the second bed portion at an angle to the horizontal extending side cheeks (1 19) which are provided with fluid outlet openings at an angle to the surface of the second bed portion (1 12).

Power plant (200) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the fluid blowing means comprise a plurality of pipe-shaped devices (3) with exhaust nozzles extending away from the interior of the hollow body (2) and thermal between the devices (3) insulating means (4) are arranged in particular brick material and the means (3) are provided distributed over substantially the entire surface in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the first (1 1 1) and second (1 12) Bettabschnitts.

1 1. Power plant (200) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the first (1 1 1) and second (1 12) bed portion in a combustion chamber (1) of the furnace are arranged and in the region of the second bed portion (1 12) an actuated in particular by means of a push rod feed grate (7) is provided, which is provided with channels (1 18) for the passage of cooling fluid.

12. Power plant (200) according to any one of claims 8 to 1 1, characterized by a push rod with a discharge device (9) provided with hopper (8) with level sensors (10, 1 1) for determining a lower and upper fuel level in the hopper (8) is provided and by a Kratzbandförderer (13), which is controllable by means of the level sensors (10, 1 1), automatically filled with fuel.

13. Power plant (200) according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized by a discharge at the area (1 17) of the second bed section (1 12) arranged screw conveyor (13), which is designed for the automatic promotion of fuel ash.

14 power plant (200) according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the first bed portion (1 1 1) at an angle in a range of 20 to 60 degrees, preferably in a range of 30 to 50 degrees, preferably in one Range of 35 to 45 degrees relative to the second bed portion (1 12) is arranged.

15. Power plant (200) according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the angle to the surface (1 15) of the second bed portion (1 12), in which the second fluid injection means (3) deploy gaseous fluid, about 20 to 60 Degree, preferably 30 to 50 degrees, preferably 35 to 45 degrees relative to the substantially horizontal surface (1 15) of the second bed portion (1 12).

16. Power plant (200) according to any one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the first bed section (1 1 1) and the first fluid injection means (3) are designed such that woody lumped biomass fuels by the heat input and the application of gaseous fluid essentially in the longitudinal direction the first bed portion (1 1 1) dryable and the lumpy state in a liquid-like state can be transferred.

17. Power plant (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by a Holzbrennwerkstofffeuerung with Fluideinblasmitteln (3) for Bedfluidisierung clumped wood fuels, with a combustion chamber (1), at the bottom region of a Fluidausströmeinrichtung is arranged in the form of a hollow Body (2) with vertically arranged fluid injectors (3) is formed, between which a layer (4) of insulating material is arranged and the hollow body (2) with adjoining sections (5, 6) is formed and at the top the furnace, a hopper (8) is arranged, the firing material on a fire grate (1 10) provides and at the end of the firing a screw conveyor (12) for ash removal is arranged and a portion (6) of the hollow body (2) arranged horizontally and with lateral extensions (19) which provide a second fluid influx flow to promote combustion of the wood burning plant provide materials.

18. A method of controlling a power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 16 or 17, characterized in that the first steam turbine at a steam inlet side with steam at a pressure in the range of about 12 kg / cm ² to about 40 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 250 degrees Celsius to about 500 degrees Celsius is applied and on a steam outlet side with a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 150 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius is delivered.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the second steam turbine at a steam inlet side with steam at a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 120 degrees Celsius is acted upon to about 200 degrees Celsius and fluid at an outlet side with a pressure in the range of about 0.12 kg / cm ² to about 0.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 50 degrees Celsius to about 75 degrees Celsius is delivered.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the sinking of a detected in the combustion chamber (1) temperature fuel from a

Hopper (8) is discharged onto a surface (1 10) of the furnace, which has at least one substantially horizontally arranged bed portion (1 12) on the side cheeks (1 19) of the bed portion (1 12) of gaseous fluid in the direction of fuel is delivered to the bed section (1 12), and a fuel conveyor (13) for supplying fuel to the filling hopper (8) drops below a predetermined value as the fuel level in the hopper (8) is determined by a first sensor (11). is actuated until an increase of the fuel level in the hopper (8) is detected by a second sensor (1 1) to a predetermined value.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the first and second steam turbine each have a steam consumption in the range of about 5 tons per hour to about 70 tons per hour.