DE102012107980A1 - Power plant for the use of heat energy contained in steam and method for controlling it - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power plant (200) for using thermal energy contained in steam, with an electric power generator (201) driven by a first steam turbine (207) and a fluidly connected to a steam outlet side (227) of the first steam turbine (207) Steam and heat exchanger (215) designed to provide heating energy, the power plant (200) having a second steam turbine (212) which is used to mechanically act on the power generator (201) with a shaft (204, 207) driven by the first steam turbine (207). 206) is designed such that it can be uncoupled and is connected to the heat exchanger (215) in a fluid-conducting manner on an outlet side and the heat exchanger is designed to provide hot water.

Description

The present invention relates to a power plant for the use of heat energy contained in steam, with a driven by a first steam turbine electric power generator and a fluid outlet connected to a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, receiving exhaust steam and designed to provide heat to heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for controlling a power plant according to the preamble of claim 18.

An effective management of the energy industry requires a rational use of energy resources. In this context, for example, the combined heat and power has become known, in which a heat energy is applied to mechanical work implementing device, for example with combustion gases from a combustion chamber and the heat energy is also supplied to a heat consumer for further use.

Such a device is for example based on the DE 197 20 881 A1 known. This known device has a gas turbine driven by the combustion gases from a combustion chamber and at least one steam turbine which is supplied with steam, which is generated by water, which is supplied with the combustion gases from the gas turbine.

Another plant for the coupling of power and heat is based on the WO 02/04795 A1 known. The plant which has become known therefrom shows a working machine which generates hot gas, which is supplied to a hot gas consumer and provides a flue gas stream which serves for the heat generation.

There are already known steam-powered power plants, which have superheated steam turbines, which are driven by superheated steam at very high speeds of the turbine shafts. When such a high-speed steam turbine drives an electric power generator, a transmission is regularly arranged between the output shaft of the turbine and the input shaft of the generator, which reduces the speed of the turbine shaft to the speed required by the generator shaft. With the transmission, high performance is implemented, which is why such transmissions must be cooled regularly by means of cooling oil. The use of cooling oil in the area of a power plant inevitably brings with it a fire hazard, which is why the cooling system area of such a power plant must be housed in separate buildings, which must be separated from the room in which the combustion chamber for generating steam. This requires a large amount of space, with the result that such a technology can not be used in the area of small power plants that are suitable for use in trade and industry.

In addition, the transmission required between the turbine shaft and the generator shaft ensures a noise level, which in turn makes soundproofing measures necessary.

Proceeding from this, the present invention, the object of providing a power plant for the use of thermal energy contained in steam provide, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned and is suitable for use in craft and industry and has a small footprint in terms of installation. In addition, the power plant to be created to operate with steam from different pressure and temperature levels. In addition, a method for controlling such a power plant is to be provided.

The invention has to solve this problem with respect to the power plant to the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments thereof are described in the further claims. In addition, the invention has the features specified in claim 18 with regard to the method, advantageous embodiments of which are described in the further claims.

The invention provides a power plant for the use of heat energy contained in steam, with an electric power generator driven by a first steam turbine and a fluidically connected to a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, for receiving exhaust steam and for providing heating heat formed heat exchanger and a second steam turbine, the for the mechanical loading of the power generator with a driven by the first steam turbine shaft is coupled coupled and is fluidly connected to a fluid outlet side with the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is designed to provide hot water.

In other words, this means that the power plant according to the invention has a first steam turbine which can be operated, for example, by means of steam from a firing system and can generate electricity via the associated electric power generator, which can be used, for example, in industry and trade. The firing plant may be a furnace with which, as will be explained below, woody lumpy wood fuels can be fired, such as those found in the woodworking industry.

The first steam turbine has an outlet for exhaust steam, which is connected to a heat exchanger, so that the originating from the first steam turbine exhaust steam can be used to provide heat by means of the heat exchanger, so for example for the generation of district heating. In addition to the first steam turbine, the power plant according to the invention has a second steam turbine, which is connected to the mechanical impingement, that is to drive, the power generator with the shaft, with which also the first steam turbine is coupled to the power generator. The second steam turbine can be decoupled from the composite of the power generator and the first steam turbine and has a fluid outlet, which is also fluidly connected to the heat exchanger and the heat exchanger is also designed to provide hot water.

The configuration according to the invention thus makes it possible to apply the steam provided by the above-mentioned firing plant, for example, to the first steam turbine and the second steam turbine or, depending on, for example, the amount or the temperature or the pressure of the steam provided, only one steam turbine. The two steam turbines may be a high-pressure steam turbine and a low-pressure steam turbine, so that the low-pressure steam turbine is acted upon, for example, by exhaust steam from the high-pressure steam turbine. If the furnace supplies high-pressure steam, for example, the high-pressure steam turbine can also be acted upon alone and thus electricity is generated; the low-pressure steam turbine alone can also be acted upon, for example, if the firing system provides low-pressure steam.

When high pressure steam is provided by the furnace, the high pressure steam turbine and the low pressure steam turbine may be energized and the fluid provided by the fluid outlet of the low pressure steam turbine may be supplied in the form of condensate to the heat exchanger where it is used to provide hot water.

Thus, the invention provides the ability to generate electricity during the period free of heating period and to provide hot water with the combination of high-pressure steam turbine and low-pressure steam turbine and power generator and hot water heat exchanger. If a heating period occurs, the low-pressure steam turbine can be decoupled from the composite with the high-pressure steam turbine and the power generator, and the exhaust steam from the high-pressure steam turbine can be led into the heat exchanger where it is used to provide heating heat. If only low-pressure steam is available as the energy source, which may be the case, for example, during a heating-period-free period, electricity can be generated with the low-pressure steam turbine and hot water can also be provided via the condensate from the low-pressure steam turbine and the heat exchanger.

The power plant according to the invention thus makes it possible that any form of steam can be used to generate electricity, which can be steam resulting from the combustion of wood fuel waste produced during wood processing. With the small power plant according to the invention, it is therefore possible to generate electricity as well as to use the heat energy generated during combustion of the wood fuel for heating purposes and / or for hot water.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the second steam turbine with a steam outlet side of the first steam turbine for receiving exhaust steam of the first steam turbine without interposition of a throttle body is formed fluidly conductive and decoupled connected. By eliminating a usually existing throttle body at the exhaust steam outlet of the first steam turbine, a loss-free use of the exhaust steam of the first steam turbine is enabled, i. Usually existing irreversible throttle losses are avoided.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the second steam turbine is a lower pressure than the first steam turbine can be acted upon steam turbine and the first and / or the second steam turbine by means of a positive coupling, in particular a curved tooth coupling, is connected to the shaft. The positive connection in the form of the curved tooth coupling makes it possible, a torsionally rigid connection between the output side of the first steam turbine with simultaneous possibility of Bridging a shaft offset between the generator shaft and the shaft of the first steam turbine to realize. Also, the output shaft of the second steam turbine can be connected by means of a torsionally rigid coupling in the form of a curved tooth coupling with the shaft of the first steam turbine, so that a shaft offset between the two waves can be compensated.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the second steam turbine is releasably connected by means of an electromagnetically actuated clutch with the shaft. Thus, the coupling can be operated remotely, for example, depending on a measured power consumption or depending on the quality of the available steam. If, for example, high-pressure steam is available, then, in spite of a need for heating heat, the electromagnetically operable clutch can be actuated, for example, by a control station by an operator or by an automatic control device, in order to approach the second steam turbine and with the total power then acting on the shaft of the generator of the first and second steam turbine to meet the amount of electricity provided.

It is also provided according to a development of the invention that the first and / or second steam turbine is designed to drive other mechanically driven consumers. In this way, the steam energy can also be used for example, in addition to the electric power generator to operate a compressed air system, a pumping station or the like.

It is also provided according to a development of the invention that the steam turbines are coupled to the electric power generator without the interposition of a transmission. In this way, the problem of fire risk is significantly reduced and reduces the space required for the installation of the power plant according to the invention. After no transmission is present, no transmission oil cooling must be installed so that a single room is sufficient for the installation of the power plant according to the invention.

It is also provided according to a development of the invention that the power plant has a furnace for woody, lumpy biomass fuels, with a combustion chamber and a fire grate, the first arranged at an angle to the horizontal bed section with first Fluideinblasmitteln and a largely horizontal second bed section with second fluid injection means, and the first fluid injection means for discharging gaseous fluid from below the surface of the first bed portion are formed substantially perpendicular to the surface of the first bed portion and the second fluid injection means for discharging gaseous fluid both from below the surface of the second bed portion toward substantially at right angles to the surface of the second bed section and in a cross section of the second bed section viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface of the second bed section are formed.

The design of the power plant according to the invention with such a furnace therefore makes it possible to avoid a separate pre-drying process of lumped biomass fuels intended for combustion in the form of waste materials from the wood industry and enables problem-free automated operation of the power plant by means of remote monitoring or automatic Monitoring the temperature in the combustion chamber of the furnace. Namely, this formation of the firing allows fluidization of the fuel similar to fluidized bed fluidization on the first and second bed sections of the grate, resulting in an even distribution of the fuel. Fuel which is applied to the first bed section arranged at an angle to the horizontal is discharged from the gaseous fluid stream introduced by the first fluid injection means in the form of air or flue gas already heated, for example, by the furnace, and at the same time subjected to heat radiation by, in particular, heat radiation from the region of the second bed section Dried from the outer edges of the bonded fuel lump ago and subjected to an active movement, so that the fuel clumps disintegrate and flow down along the inclined first bed portion towards the second bed portion in the already inflamed or at least partially burning condition.

The already ignited wood material is also applied in the region of the second horizontally arranged bed section by means of the second Fluideinblasmittel from below the surface of the second bed section from a gaseous fluid mass flow while still kept in motion, so that also those components of the fuel, during their residence on the first bed section still remained in a partially clumped state, disintegrate. The process of disintegration of the lumps of fuel and complete combustion of the fuel is further assisted by the second fluid injection means in the region of the second bed portion by the fluid injection means for delivering gaseous fluid to the fuel lying on the second bed portion in a cross-section of the second bed portion viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface of the second bed portion are formed.

The firing therefore ensures even with clumped, moist wood fuel materials for Bedfluidisation of the fuel, ie for liquefaction of the clumped fuel to a similar present fluid flow fuel flow and thus also for complete combustion of moist wood fuels, with known firing not or not high Efficiency can be burned. With the firing, a steam boiler for providing steam of different quality for the power plant according to the invention can be operated.

The first and second bed sections of the furnace may be formed by a hollow box-shaped body having fluid injection means provided with a fluid inlet opening, and the body may be provided with fluid exit openings directed toward the surface of the first and second bed sections, and the body may be along at least a portion of the second bed section have laterally extending from the surface of the second bed portion at an angle to the horizontal side cheeks, which are provided with fluid outlet openings at an angle to the surface of the second bed portion.

The hollow body acts as an air diffuser, wherein on the upper side of the hollow body in each case substantially vertically arranged fluid injection means in the form of, for example, injectors or nozzles are arranged both in the first and in the second bed section. At least in the region of the second bed section, the hollow body has sidewalls extending at an angle to the horizontal, which are provided with injectors or nozzles which are also arranged substantially at right angles relative to the upper sides of the sidewalls and which also arrange the fuel arranged on the second bed section the side with a fluid flow in the form of flue gas or air and thus provide together with the other provided in the second bed portion Fluideinblasmitteln for a continuous movement of the fuel. This leads to a complete combustion of the wood fuel and also that any existing, already comminuted wood fuel lumps continue to disintegrate. According to a variant of this, in the angle to the horizontal extending side cheeks with the Fluideinblasmittteln the side cheeks of the second bed portion corresponding fluid injection means may also be provided at least on a partial region of the longitudinal extension of the first bed section. All these features ensure a very efficient combustion of the wood fuel, so that even a small-scale incinerator ensures sufficient supply of power to the power plant with steam.

The fluid injection means may comprise a plurality of extending from the interior of the hollow body away pipe piece-shaped devices with exhaust nozzles and between the devices may be arranged thermally insulating means in particular brick material and the devices on substantially the entire surface in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the first and second bed section be provided distributed.

The exhaust nozzles provide kinetic energy to the wood fuel lumps so that they are kept in motion and disintegrate into a fuel stream similar to a fluid stream flowing in a channel or riverbed. This disintegration movement is aided by the thermal impact of the wood fuel lumps in the region of the first bed section, where the wood particles are already beginning to burn, so that the wood fuel lumps dissolve and become dried, fluidly flowing wood particles.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the first and second bed section are arranged in a combustion chamber of the furnace for the power plant and in the region of the second bed section an actuatable in particular by means of a push rod feed grate is provided with channels for the passage of cooling fluid , As a result of the arrangement of the two bed sections in the combustion chamber, intensive exposure of the wood-material lumps to radiant heat already occurs in the area of the first bed section, whereby rapid drying of the wet lumps of wood material is achieved, which is promoted and intensified by the application of underwinding by means of the first fluid injection means.

The application of radiant heat to the wood-burning material also ensures that the wood-burning material ignites already in the region of the first bed section and along the longitudinal direction of the first bed section in the inflated and in the form of ever-decreasing lumps, until finally a fluid stream of burning wood particles is present Direction to the second bed section moves.

In the area of the second bed section, a feed grate is provided, which also helps to further divide or disintegrate any wood particles still present in the form of lumps and to convey already completely burnt wood particles in the direction of a discharge end of the second bed section. In addition, the feed grate may be provided with channels extending, for example, meandering along the longitudinal direction of the feed grate, for the passage of cooling fluid. For example, the heat transferred to the cooling fluid may be used for heating purposes or for energy conversion and power generation by pressurizing one or more in-line turbines driving a generator.

The furnace for the power plant may have a hopper having a push rod discharge means above the first bed portion provided with level sensors for detecting a lower and upper fuel level in the hopper and by a conveyor in the form of, for example, a scraper belt conveyor for impinging the first bed portion with wood material fuel; the one or the means of the level sensors is controllable, is automatically filled with fuel.

The device for feeding the first bed section in the form of, for example, the push rod discharge device can be actuated by means of suitable sensors, for example temperature measuring sensors or sensors which measure the layer thickness of the wood material fuel on the first bed section, thus conveying fuel to the first bed section. By this promotion, the fuel level drops in the hopper, a lower level sensor switches after reaching a lower fuel level the above-mentioned only as an example scraper conveyor for loading the hopper, the scraper conveyor runs until the level sensor detects an upper fuel level in the hopper, that the upper fuel level is reached and the scraper belt conveyor is switched off again by the upper level sensor. This means that the firing system can be automated and ensures that the power plant can also be operated automatically.

The furnace provided for the power plant may have at the discharge end region of the second bed section a device for automatically discharging fuel ash, in the form of, for example, a screw conveyor designed to automatically convey fuel ash or slag. This also ensures the possibility of complete automation of the furnace and thus of the power plant according to the invention.

It is provided according to a development of the invention that the first bed portion of the furnace at an angle in a range of 20 to 60 degrees, preferably in a range of 30 to 50 degrees, preferably arranged in a range of 35 to 45 degrees relative to the second bed portion is. The angle at which the first bed section is arranged relative to the second bed section can be adjusted, for example, as a function of the moisture value of the wood-burning material intended for combustion. It is also intended to form the hollow body clamshell, wherein a first shell or a first portion is associated with the first bed portion and the second shell or the second portion of the hollow body is associated with the second bed portion. By means of an articulated connection of the first bed section to the second bed section and an articulated connection of the first section of the hollow body to the second section of the hollow body, a simple angular adjustment of the first bed section and the first section of the hollow body relative to the second bed section and the second section of the hollow body can be achieved reach hollow body.

Similarly, according to a further development of the firing system provided for the power plant, it is provided that the angle to the surface of the second bed section in which the second fluid injection means emits gaseous fluid is approximately 20 to 60 degrees, preferably 30 to 50 degrees, preferably 35 to 45 degrees, in each case relative to the substantially horizontal surface of the second bed section.

The first bed section and the first fluid injection means may be formed such that woody, agglomerated biomass fuels are dryable by the heat input and the application of gaseous fluid substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first bed section and from the lumpy state into a liquid-like state.

This design ensures that the wood particles composing the fuel are already transferred from the lumpy state into a flowable liquid-like state substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first bed section and are already dried and ignited there. The further combustion of the wood particles until their complete combustion then takes place in the area the second bed section, the wood particles flow from the first bed section due to the inclination of the first bed section towards the second bed section and enter the detection area of the feed grate, which then ultimately provides them in the form of ash towards the discharge end area of the second bed section automatic disposal facility for fuel ash. The furnace is characterized by the very efficient combustion with a small footprint and is therefore particularly well suited for the power plant according to the invention.

The firing system provided for the power plant may generally be a wood fuel firing with fluid injection means for bed fluidization of agglomerated wood fuels, with a combustion chamber at the bottom of which a fluid discharge means is arranged, which is in the form of a hollow body with vertically arranged fluid injectors, between which a layer is arranged made of insulating material. The hollow body may be formed with abutted sections, and at the top of the furnace, a hopper may be provided which provides fuel to a grate and a screw conveyor for ash removal may be disposed at the end of the furnace and a portion of the hollow body may be arranged horizontally and laterally Extensions may be provided which provide a second fluid influx flow to promote combustion of the woodburning materials.

The firing can be controlled automatically so that when a detected temperature in the combustion chamber fuel, especially moist, lumpy wood fuel of the woodworking industry is discharged from a hopper on a fire grate of the furnace, which has at least one largely horizontally disposed portion on the Side cheeks of the bed portion of gaseous fluid is discharged in the direction of located on the bed portion fuel and the decrease of the detected by a first sensor fuel level in the hopper below a predetermined value, a fuel conveyor for supplying fuel into the hopper until a second sensor Increasing the fuel level in the hopper is determined to a predetermined value.

By the lateral loading of the fuel on the substantially horizontally extending bed section with gaseous fluid complete combustion of the fuel having a moist, clumping tendency in the hopper, achieved and at the same time realized a movement of the fuel such that any remaining wood fuel lumps decay and so a complete combustion is possible. According to another aspect of the method, the level in the fuel funnel or hopper is detected, and then, when the fuel supply in the hopper has dropped below a predetermined level, a fuel conveyor is actuated, which operates the hopper until it is detected by a second sensor in the hopper is that the fuel level has reached a predetermined value again. As a result, an efficient control of the furnace is achieved to a trouble-free continuous operation, which is a significant advantage that it can be operated in continuous operation together with the power plant according to the invention.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the first steam turbine at a steam inlet side at a pressure in the range of about 12 kg / cm ² to about 40 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 250 degrees Celsius to about 500 Degrees Celsius is applied. These values have proven to be advantageous in the first steam turbine of the power plant according to the invention. At the steam outlet side of the first steam turbine, the exhaust steam may exit at a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² while having a temperature in the range of about 150 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius. These values have proven to be advantageous in the first steam turbine.

The second steam turbine can be pressurized at its steam inlet side with steam at a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 120 degrees Celsius to 200 degrees Celsius and on an outlet side Fluid having a pressure in the range of about 0.12 kg / cm ² to about 0.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 50 Celsius degrees to about 75 degrees Celsius delivered. These values have proven to be advantageous for the second steam turbine of the power plant according to the invention, the input values of the second steam turbine corresponding largely to the outlet values of the exhaust steam of the first steam turbine, so that a series connection of the two steam turbines is possible without any problems. Also, the input values of the second steam turbine may be provided from the above-described furnace to the boiler system for generating low-pressure steam charged by the furnace. The second steam turbine can deliver at its outlet side fluid, which is provided to provide hot water through the heat exchanger and to have temperatures in the range of about 50 degrees Celsius to about 75 degrees Celsius, ie values that are predetermined for hot water supply.

Finally, it is also provided according to the invention that when a sinking in the combustion chamber for use with the power plant according to the invention

Fuel fired from a hopper on a fire grate of the furnace is discharged, which has at least one largely horizontally arranged bed portion is discharged from the side cheeks of the bed portion of gaseous fluid toward fuel located on the bed portion and the descent of a the first sensor detected fuel level in the hopper below a predetermined value, a fuel conveyor for supplying fuel into the hopper is operated until a second sensor detects an increase in the fuel level in the hopper to a predetermined value.

This method enables fully automated operation of the firing system provided for the further development of the power station and thus fully automated operation of the power plant according to the invention. It has proven to be advantageous if the first and the second steam turbine each have a steam consumption in the range of about 5 tons per hour to about 70 tons per hour. With the parameters mentioned above overall, the power plant provided according to the invention achieves a useful coefficient of 85 to 89 percent and is particularly suitable for use as a small power plant in, for example, industry and commerce.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. This shows in:

1 a schematic representation of a power plant according to an embodiment according to the present invention;

2 a side view of a schematic representation of a furnace of the power plant; and

3 an enlarged view of a sectional view according to the section AA according to 2 ,

The power plant 200 has a power generator 201 on, attached to a support frame or machine foundation 202 supported. In the drawing plane to the left of the power generator 201 there is a support bearing 203 arranged at which the generator shaft 204 is supported. The generator shaft 204 extends in the plane of the drawing in the direction of the right directed to a gear coupling 205 which it rotates and with the possibility of compensating for a shaft misalignment with the shaft 206 the high-pressure turbine 207 combines.

The wave 206 is supported by a support bearing 208 as well as another support bearing 209 at the machine foundation 202 from. In the drawing plane to the right of the support bearing 209 is another curved tooth coupling 210 shown with the shaft 206 the high-pressure turbine 207 with the wave 211 the low-pressure turbine 212 torsionally rigid and coupled with the possibility of compensating for a shaft offset. The wave 211 the low-pressure turbine 212 is supported by a support bearing 213 as well as another support bearing 214 at the machine foundation 202 from. Between the wave 206 the high-pressure turbine 207 and the wave 211 the low-pressure turbine 212 can be provided in the drawing, not shown remote operable electromagnetic coupling, with the torsionally rigid coupling between the shaft 206 and the wave 211 can be lifted. That way, the low-pressure turbine can 212 from the compound with the high-pressure turbine 207 and the power generator 201 be decoupled. This is advantageous if more heat energy provided by the steam is required for heating purposes, as will be discussed in more detail below.

In the drawing plane below the machine foundation 202 there is a common heat exchanger 215 arranged, the term was chosen together because it has an exhaust steam line 216 both with the high-pressure turbine 207 as well as via a fluid line 217 with the low-pressure turbine 212 is connected and thus coupled with both turbines together and can be used both for heating purposes as well as for the provision of hot water.

The exhaust steam line 216 and the fluid line 217 can via respective shut-off valves 218 be opened or closed, so that the fluid-conducting connection of the high-pressure turbine 207 under low pressure turbine 212 to the heat exchanger 215 each can be opened or closed separately.

Steam, the closer from the 2 the drawing apparent firing 219 is provided via a steam line 220 the power plant 200 fed. The steam line 220 can via a main steam valve 221 closed and opened, downstream of the main steam valve 221 there is a shut-off valve 222 arranged, the shut-off valve 222 follows a separator 223 and a control valve 224 , wherein the separator 223 the separation of condensate serves and with the control valve 224 the amount of steam that is supplied to the turbine (s) can be regulated. The turbine entrance 225 there is a sieve 226 upstream, with which any entrained with the vapor foreign body in the form of rust particles or scale particles can be retained.

The first steam turbine or high-pressure steam turbine 207 has a steam outlet side or steam outlet 227 on, the fluid-conducting with a steam inlet 228 the low-pressure steam turbine 212 is coupled and that via a shut-off and / or control valve 229 , with which the steam supply to the low-pressure turbine 212 can be completely interrupted and that of the low-pressure turbine 212 supplied amount of steam can be changed.

Will the high-pressure steam turbine 207 over the steam line 220 Steam is supplied to the shaft 206 driven and thus on the curved tooth coupling 205 also the wave 204 of the power generator 201 , Abdampf from the turbine 207 can via the exhaust steam line 216 the heat exchanger 215 be supplied and / or via the steam inlet 228 also the low-pressure turbine 212 ,

If high heat output is required, the valve can be used 229 the supply of exhaust steam to the low-pressure turbine 212 be stopped and the full amount of exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine 207 via the exhaust steam line to the heat exchanger 215 be supplied. The heat exchanger 215 has on its top a valve or an ejector 230 , which is then used, should be in the heat exchanger 215 set an impermissibly high pressure.

About one in 1 On the right side shown plan view, it can be seen that the heat exchanger 215 via a schematically illustrated fluid line 231 which can be used for the transport of hot water and / or hot water, so can be used both for supplying one or more buildings with hot water for hot water use as well as for the supply of hot water for heating purposes.

In a period of heating demand, the power plant can supply both electricity and heating and hot water. When the power plant 200 is operated in a time without Heizleistungsbedarf, the fluid line 216 over the shut-off valve 218 be closed and exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine 207 can over the valve 229 the low-pressure turbine 212 be supplied, so that the power generator 201 with the total power from the high-pressure turbine 207 and the low-pressure turbine 212 can be driven to provide electrical power. As hot water is needed for hot water use even in a heating period-free time, this is in the low-pressure turbine 212 relaxed fluid through the fluid line 217 the heat exchanger 215 supplied via the fluid line 231 connected to the hot water pipes of the building, not shown, so that with the power plant 200 Electricity can be made available even in a heating period-free time and hot water can be provided.

The following table shows, among other things, that the speed of the generator shaft 204 , Turbine shaft 206 and turbine shaft 211 compound shaft of the power plant is 3000 revolutions / min, and thus a usually existing in acquaintance power plants and thus cooling demand having transmission between the turbine and the power generator is not necessary. The sound pressure level is only 75 dB, the power plant 200 Can therefore be operated without elaborate soundproofing measures in industry and trade.

In the selected embodiment, the high pressure turbine 207 operated at a steam temperature of 330 degrees Celsius at the inlet, the exhaust steam of the high-pressure turbine 207 has a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius, with the exhaust steam is the low-pressure turbine 212 applied to generate electricity.

The one in the low-pressure turbine 212 relaxed steam leaves the low-pressure turbine 212 over the fluid line 217 and enters the heat exchanger 215 with a pressure of about 0.12 kg / cm ² to 0.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of 50 to 75 degrees Celsius.

The one to operate the power plant 200 needed steam is from the in 2 The drawing shown firing 219 provided. At the firing 219 it is a firing system, with the damp, clumped wood fuel without the need for a stand-alone, outside the furnace 219 can be burned off running pre-drying process.

The furnace 219 has a combustion chamber 1 on, extending over the entire area of the first bed section 5 and the second bed section 6 extends.

The combustion chamber 1 has a first combustion chamber section or pre-combustion chamber 101 in which a first bed section 111 a fire grate 110 is arranged and a second combustion chamber section 102 in which a second bed section 112 of the grate 110 is arranged.

In one on the left side of the 2 apparent hopper 8th or fuel storage is a non-illustrated wood fuel, which can be composed of wood residues of the wood industry, wood chips, wood chips, sawdust, crushed wood residues from the forest and the like, for example, and has lost its fluidity or flowability due to stored high humidity. Therefore, the hopper is 8th or fuel bunker formed in a top-down widening configuration to prevent clogging of the hopper with the clogging wet wood burning material.

The hopper 8th is with an upper level sensor 10 and a lower level sensor 11 Mistake. The in the hopper 8th located wood material lies in the region of the lower end of the hopper 8th on a conveyor 90 on or off the hopper 8th on the conveyor 90 be discharged by, for example, at the bottom of the hopper 8th a shutter is opened, and may be from the conveyor 90 for example, by means of the push rod discharge device shown in the drawing 9 to the first described in more detail first bed section 111 to get promoted. For this purpose, has the push rod discharge device 9 a hydraulic cylinder 91 , with which the wood fuel material via a conveyor grate 92 towards the task area 113 of the first bed section 111 can be transported.

If the fuel level in the hopper 8th falls below a lower threshold, then this is from the lower level sensor 11 then the one at the top of the hopper 8th schematically illustrated conveyor 13 in the form of, for example, a conveyor belt conveyor sets in motion, which then wood fuel from a supply warehouse not shown to the hopper 8th conveyed, on the upper side, for example, an automatically openable closure can be provided, which is then opened, so that over the scraper belt conveyor wood fuel into the hopper 8th is filled. The scraper belt conveyor remains in operation until the upper level sensor 10 it is determined that an upper level of wood fuel in the hopper 8th has been reached and then the scraper conveyor is turned off and the open closure of the hopper 8th closed again.

The task area 113 of the first bed section 111 is already within the first combustion chamber section 101 arranged, the task area 113 So it's already through the in the combustion chamber 1 existing heat has been heated and the clumped moist wood fuel from the hopper 8th falls onto the heated task area 113 , The first bed section 111 is relative to the second bed section 112 inclined formed so that the wood fuel due to the inclination of the surface of the first bed section 111 towards the second bed section 112 , which is arranged largely horizontally, can move.

Due to its moist consistency, the wood fuel has lost its fluidity or flowability and is in the task area 113 on. The first bed section 111 is the same as the second bed section 112 provided with Fluideinblasmitteln. With these fluid injection means, gaseous fluid in the form of, for example, heated air or recirculated exhaust gas may be directed toward the surface of the first bed portion 111 and second bed section 112 be delivered.

As it is closer to 2 The drawing shows, has the first bed section 111 a variety of pipe-shaped devices 3 in the form of exhaust nozzles or injectors, which are substantially perpendicular to the angled surface 114 of the first bed section are arranged.

Below the first bed section 101 there is a box-shaped hollow body 2 arranged, one with an arrow 116 characterized inlet region can be introduced into the hot gaseous fluid, for example, by a high-pressure fan not shown in detail, wherein the fluid can be heated, for example by means of an air heater fed by the firing, not shown. The heated air rises the hollow box-shaped body 2 along the first section 5 towards the task area 113 high and occurs there as well as on all other pipe-shaped devices 3 of the first bed section 111 towards the surface of the bed section 111 out with a high flow rate, so that on the task area 113 moving lumped wood fuel is set in motion, which, together with the application of heat, causes the wood fuel lumps to disintegrate and regain their fluidity and along the first bed section 111 towards the second bed section 112 move. As a result of the heat being applied in conjunction with the application of hot gaseous fluid to the wood-material lumps, the wood-material lumps decay along their path along the first bed section 111 to ever smaller pieces of wood material, until they are already in the area of the first bed section 111 to flowable or formed on the formed by the hot air flowing air cushion flowable wood particles are fluidized, have dried, and have been ignited.

The dried and already ignited wood-material particles flow in this way supported by the inclination of the first bed section 111 the second bed section 112 there and enter the detection area of a feed grate or scraper 7 that of a hydraulic cylinder 70 along the longitudinal direction of the second bed section 112 can be moved back and forth.

By this movement of the feed grate 7 On the one hand, further mixing of the wood particles takes place and, on the other hand, transport of the wood particles in the direction of the discharge end region 117 of the second bed section 112 , In the area of the discharge of the second bed section 112 is an automatic device for conveying fuel ash in the form of the screw conveyor shown in the drawing 12 provided, with the fuel ashes during operation of the furnace 219 transported and disposed of. The screw conveyor is arranged in a collecting container in which the ash or slag can be collected.

Also in the area below the second bed section 112 extends a second section 6 of the hollow body 2 , which is traversed by hot air, which also in the area of the second bed section 112 provided pipe-shaped devices 3 with exhaust nozzles or injectors in the direction of the surface of the second bed section 112 from the hollow body 2 can be applied starting, causing further mixing of the on the surface 115 the second bed portion may take place similar to a wood fuel flowing in a bed.

As can be seen from the in 3 The drawing shows apparent sectional view, the air flows from the second section 6 starting from the pipe-shaped devices 3 towards the surface 115 of the second bed section 112 through and also passes through the feed grate 7 which is provided with passages or apertures which are between cooling channels 118 of the feed grate, by the coolant can be passed in the form of, for example, water, are formed. The thus heated water can be used for heating purposes, for example.

As it is based on 3 also shows, is between the pipe-shaped devices 3 each an insulating layer 4 made of, for example, a brick material, which ensures that the intensive combustion on the second bed section 112 Heat generated not unhindered towards the hollow body 2 can progress. 3 also shows that the second bed section 112 in the cross-sectional view of the second bed section shown there 112 having at an angle to the horizontal extending lateral extensions or side cheeks, below which also the second section 6 of the hollow body 2 extends with its air ducts and the heated air over the also in the side cheeks 119 arranged pipe-shaped devices 3 with interposed insulating layers 4 towards the on the surface 115 of the second bed section 112 located wood burning material can pass and in this way the complete combustion of the wood fuel can be achieved. In addition, the pipe-shaped devices provide 3 of the second bed section 112 , below the largely horizontally arranged feed grate 7 are arranged and the pipe-shaped devices 3 that are in the side cheeks 119 arranged, ensure that any remaining wood fuel lumps completely disintegrate due to the intense movement due to the application of hot air and in this way a complete combustion of the originally moist clumped wood fuel is achieved.

With the furnace 219 is also a complete automation of combustion possible. For this purpose, by means of a monitoring of the temperature in the combustion chamber, when it has dropped below a predetermined value, an instruction can be issued by an intended but not shown control device in such a way that the filling funnel 8th the combustion chamber supplied with a further amount of wood fuel. This is then from the conveyor 90 back to the task area 113 promoted. When the fuel level in the hopper 8th approaches a predetermined lower value of the fuel level, this is from the lower level sensor 11 then found the conveyor 13 in operation, for example, at the hopper 8th top-mounted flap opens, and wood fuel is introduced into the hopper until the level of the fuel in the hopper 8th the upper level sensor 10 reached and the conveyor 13 from the level sensor 10 is switched off. This can be a continuous operation of the furnace 219 and thus the power plant 200 be achieved because unlike other firing in the furnace 219 the formation of agglomerations does not occur, as is the case with other furnaces, and it is not necessary to stop the firing at a predetermined rate, for example monthly, to carry out a cleaning, the firing 219 can stay in operation all year round.

The furnace 219 has the advantage that, unlike other furnaces, it reacts uncritically to fundamentally disadvantageous compositions of the starting material for combustion, namely the wood-based materials, since it can also be supplied to the furnace according to the invention in the damp and lumpy state. By doing that, the firing 219 can be operated continuously, it has a high efficiency and thus provides the conditions to ensure a high boiler efficiency of a steam boiler system, which is not least the property of the furnace 219 It is to be attributed that it can be driven in continuous operation. With the furnace 219 can therefore be made available in continuous operation steam, so that the power plant 200 can be operated in continuous operation according to the invention.

With regard to the features of the invention which are not explained in greater detail above, reference is expressly made to the claims and the drawings.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

combustion chamber

2

hollow body

3

pipe-shaped device, fluid injection means

4

insulating layer

5

first section

6

second part

7

moving grate

8th

hopper

9

Push rod-carrying device

10

upper level sensor

11

lower level sensor

12

screw conveyors

13

Conveyor, Wreath belt conveyor

90

Conveyor

91

hydraulic cylinders

92

conveyor grate

101

first combustion chamber section

102

second combustion chamber section

110

grate

111

first bed section

112

second bed section

113

remit

114

Surface of the first bed section

115

Surface of the second bed section

116

Arrow, fluid inlet opening

117

Austragendbereich

118

cooling channels

119

Sidewall

200

power plant

201

power generator

202

supporting frame

203

support bearings

204

generator shaft

205

Gear coupling

206

wave

207

High-pressure turbine

208

support bearings

209

support bearings

210

Gear coupling

211

wave

212

Low-pressure turbine

213

support bearings

214

support bearings

215

heat exchangers

216

exhaust steam

217

fluid line

218

shut-off valve

219

heating

220

steam line

221

Main steam valve

222

shut-off valve

223

separators

224

control valve

225

turbine inlet

226

scree

227

Dampfauslassseite

228

steam inlet

229

Shut-off and control valve

230

Valve

231

fluid line

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 19720881 A1 [0003]
• WO 02/04795 A1 [0004]

Claims (21)

Power plant ( 200 ) for utilizing thermal energy contained in steam, with one of a first steam turbine ( 207 ) powered electric power generator ( 201 ) and one with a steam outlet side ( 227 ) of the first steam turbine ( 207 ) fluidly connected, for receiving exhaust steam and for providing heating heat formed heat exchanger ( 215 ), characterized in that the power plant ( 200 ) a second steam turbine ( 212 ), which for mechanical loading of the power generator ( 201 ) with one of the first steam turbine ( 207 ) driven shaft ( 204 . 206 ) is detachably connected and with an outlet side with the heat exchanger ( 215 ) is fluidly connected and the heat exchanger is designed to provide hot water. Power plant ( 200 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second steam turbine ( 212 ) with a steam outlet side ( 227 ) of the first steam turbine ( 207 ) for receiving exhaust steam of the first steam turbine ( 207 ) is designed to be connected in a fluid-conductively decoupled manner without the interposition of a throttle element. Power plant ( 200 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second steam turbine ( 212 ) one at lower pressure than the first steam turbine ( 207 ) steam turbine is and the first ( 207 ) and / or the second ( 212 ) Steam turbine by means of a positive coupling ( 205 . 210 ), in particular a curved tooth coupling, with the shaft ( 204 . 206 ) are connected. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second steam turbine ( 212 ) by means of an electromagnetically actuated coupling with the shaft ( 204 . 206 ) is releasably connected. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first ( 207 ) and / or second ( 212 ) Steam turbine is designed to drive other mechanically driven consumers. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fluid line ( 216 . 217 ) between the heat exchanger ( 215 ) and the first ( 205 ) and second ( 212 ) Steam turbine each a shut-off valve ( 218 ) having. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam turbines ( 207 . 212 ) with the electric power generator ( 201 ) are coupled without the interposition of a transmission. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a firing ( 219 ) for woody, lumpable biomass fuels, with a combustion chamber ( 1 ) and a fire grate ( 110 ), which has a first bed section arranged at an angle to the horizontal ( 111 ) with first fluid injection means ( 3 ) and a largely horizontally arranged second bed section ( 112 ) with second fluid injection means ( 3 ), and the first fluid injection means ( 3 ) for discharging gaseous fluid from below the surface ( 114 ) of the first bed section in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface ( 114 ) of the first bed section ( 111 ) and the second fluid injection means ( 3 ) for discharging gaseous fluid both from below the surface ( 115 ) of the second bed section in the direction largely perpendicular to the surface ( 115 ) of the second bed portion as well as in a cross section of the second bed portion ( 112 ) viewed in the direction at an angle to the surface ( 115 ) of the second bed portion are formed. Power plant ( 200 ) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first ( 111 ) and second ( 112 ) Bed section of one with a fluid inlet opening ( 116 ) provided hollow box-shaped body ( 2 ) with fluid injection means ( 3 ) are formed, and the body ( 2 ) with towards the surface of the first ( 111 ) and second ( 112 ) Bed section aligned fluid outlet openings is provided and the body ( 2 ) at least along a partial area of the second bed section ( 112 ) laterally from the surface ( 115 ) of the second bed section at an angle to the horizontal extending side cheeks ( 119 ), which with fluid outlet openings at an angle to the surface of the second bed section ( 112 ) are provided. Power plant ( 200 ) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the fluid injection means a plurality of from the interior of the hollow body ( 2 ) extending pipe-piece-like devices ( 3 ) with exhaust nozzles and between the devices ( 3 ) thermally insulating means ( 4 ) out especially brick material are arranged and the facilities ( 3 ) on substantially the entire surface in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the first ( 111 ) and second ( 112 ) Bed section are provided distributed. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the first ( 111 ) and second ( 112 ) Bed section in a combustion chamber ( 1 ) of the furnace and in the region of the second bed section ( 112 ) an actuatable in particular by means of a push rod feed grate ( 7 ) provided with channels ( 118 ) is provided for the passage of cooling fluid. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized by a with a push rod discharge device ( 9 ) provided filling funnel ( 8th ) with level sensors ( 10 . 11 ) for determining a lower and upper fuel level in the hopper ( 8th ) and by a Kratzbandförderer ( 13 ), which by means of the level sensors ( 10 . 11 ) is controllable, is automatically filled with fuel. Power plant ( 200 ) according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized by a at the discharge end ( 117 ) of the second bed section ( 112 ) arranged screw conveyor ( 13 ), which is designed for the automatic promotion of fuel ash. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the first bed section ( 111 ) at an angle in a range of 20 to 60 degrees, preferably in a range of 30 to 50 degrees, preferably in a range of 35 to 45 degrees relative to the second bed portion ( 112 ) is arranged. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of claims 8 to 14, characterized in that the angle to the surface ( 115 ) of the second bed section ( 112 ) in which the second fluid injection means ( 3 ) gaseous fluid, about 20 to 60 degrees, preferably 30 to 50 degrees, preferably 35 to 45 degrees relative to the substantially horizontal surface ( 115 ) of the second bed section ( 112 ) is. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of claims 8 to 15, characterized in that the first bed section ( 111 ) and the first fluid injection means ( 3 ) are formed such that woody clumped biomass fuels by the heat input and the application of gaseous fluid substantially in the longitudinal direction of the first bed portion ( 111 ) are dry and from the lumpy state into a liquid-like state can be transferred. Power plant ( 200 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by a wood fuel firing with fluid injection means ( 3 ) for the bed fluidization of clumped wood fuels, with a combustion chamber ( 1 ), at whose bottom area a fluid discharge device is arranged, which is in the form of a hollow body ( 2 ) with vertically arranged fluid injectors ( 3 ) between which a layer ( 4 ) is arranged from insulating material and the hollow body ( 2 ) with sections ( 5 . 6 ) is formed and at the top of the furnace a hopper ( 8th ) is arranged, the fuel on a fire grate ( 110 ) and at the end of the firing a screw conveyor ( 12 ) is arranged for ash removal and a section ( 6 ) of the hollow body ( 2 ) arranged horizontally and with lateral extensions ( 19 ) providing a second fluid influx flow to promote combustion of the woodburning materials. Method for controlling a power plant according to one of claims 1 to 16 or 17 characterized in that the first steam turbine is pressurized at a steam inlet side with steam at a pressure in the range of about 12 kg / cm ² to about 40 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 250 degrees Celsius to about 500 degrees Celsius, and At a steam outlet side, exhaust steam at a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 150 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius is delivered. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that the second steam turbine at a steam inlet side with steam at a pressure in the range of about 2 kg / cm ² to about 3.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 120 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius is applied and is discharged at an outlet side fluid at a pressure in the range of about 0.12 kg / cm ² to about 0.5 kg / cm ² and a temperature in the range of about 50 degrees Celsius to about 75 degrees Celsius , A method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that when sinking a in the combustion chamber ( 1 ) detected temperature fuel from a hopper ( 8th ) on a fire grate ( 110 ) the firing is discharged, the at least one largely horizontally arranged bed section ( 112 ), on the side cheeks ( 119 ) of the bed section ( 112 ) of gaseous fluid in the direction of the bed section ( 112 ) is discharged, and when lowering of a first sensor ( 11 ) determined fuel level in the hopper ( 8th ) below a predetermined value a fuel conveyor ( 13 ) for supplying fuel to the hopper ( 8th ) until a second sensor ( 11 ) an increase in the fuel level in the hopper ( 8th ) is detected to a predetermined value. Method according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the first and second steam turbine each have a steam consumption in the range of about 5 Tons per hour to about 70 tons per hour.

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