EP2172704A1 - Small firing device - Google Patents

Small firing device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2172704A1
EP2172704A1 EP09011995A EP09011995A EP2172704A1 EP 2172704 A1 EP2172704 A1 EP 2172704A1 EP 09011995 A EP09011995 A EP 09011995A EP 09011995 A EP09011995 A EP 09011995A EP 2172704 A1 EP2172704 A1 EP 2172704A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conveyor belt
combustion chamber
air
combustion
biomass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09011995A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2172704B1 (en
Inventor
Dirk Dipl.-Ing. Flühe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ritter Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Ritter Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ritter Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Ritter Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2172704A1 publication Critical patent/EP2172704A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2172704B1 publication Critical patent/EP2172704B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces that move through the combustion zone, e.g. with chain grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
    • F23G2203/8016—Belt conveyors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a small combustion plant for vegetable biomass according to the preamble of claim 1, with a combustion chamber into which the biomass can be introduced.
  • underfeed firing the fuel is slowly pushed from below into the combustion chamber.
  • a firing station for underfeed firing can be set up simply and robustly and operates reliably and with a relatively low maintenance requirement.
  • the ash is pushed by nachschiebenden pellets over the edge of the burner plate and falls without further aids in an ash box.
  • the level can be measured by means of simple level sensors or light barriers.
  • combustion chambers of fireclay or silicon carbide with cross-sectional constriction to the flame chamber allow high temperatures. This leads to a high efficiency with particularly low emissions.
  • the ember bed is not homogeneous because it consists of unburned, carbonized and glowing pellets at the same time. Therefore, a uniform gas treatment over the entire combustion chamber cross section is not possible. Since the pellets in the conveyor system are always in direct connection with the glow zone, the fuel can no longer burn completely due to lack of air when the system stops. Furthermore, special precautions against a burn-back necessary. In addition, the primary air has a bad attack possibility, since the pellets reach the burner plate in a compacted form.
  • chute firing With the so-called chute firing, the pellets fall from a hopper via a chute onto a grate or into a dish burner. Because the pellet supply is structurally separated from the glow zone, the system can be turned off quickly and with low emissions. In addition, the construction represents a back fire protection, which must be realized in the two other firing systems on partly specially designed rotary valves.
  • a small combustion plant for plant biomass with a combustion chamber into which the biomass can be introduced, characterized in that the biomass is introduced into the combustion chamber by means of an air-permeable conveyor belt.
  • the biomass is guided on the conveyor belt through the combustion chamber and burned on the conveyor belt.
  • the biomass can be introduced into the combustion chamber by means of an air-permeable conveyor belt, the biomass can on the one hand be supplied to the combustion chamber in a simple manner and on the other hand a very good combustion of the biomass is achieved. In particular, a sintering of the resulting slag during combustion is counteracted.
  • combustion residues can be cooled by supplying air. This counteracts a melting of the combustion residues and thus, for example, in the combustion of wood pellets slagging of wood ash. Furthermore, the fact that the biomass is introduced into the combustion chamber on a conveyor belt, prevents the biomass is burned as a pile. This is particularly advantageous, since it is not possible to achieve complete combustion of the wood pellets, especially when burning wood pellets in a heap formation, which favors the formation of soot and tar. These disadvantages occur especially with poor pellet quality.
  • combustion residues can also be easily removed from the combustion chamber. Because the arrangement of the biomass on the conveyor belt, the combustion residues from the combustion chamber can be removed in the same manner as the combustion chamber biomass is supplied.
  • the conveyor belt only needs to be dimensioned so that it leads out of the combustion chamber, whereby the combustion residues can be dropped into a arranged at the end of the conveyor belt collecting container.
  • the conveyor belt advantageously has ceramic fibers or ceramic platelets. As a result, an air permeability of the conveyor belt can be achieved in a simple manner.
  • the conveyor belt completely consists of ceramic fibers or ceramic platelets, in particular of a tear-resistant ceramic fabric.
  • the ceramic fabric preferably has in the transport direction of the conveyor belt extending warp threads and at right angles to the warp threads running weft threads.
  • Such a ceramic fabric is high temperature resistant and extremely resistant to molten metal drops. Furthermore, it is characterized by a high mechanical stability and a high load capacity in temperature shocks.
  • the conveyor belt Due to the design of the conveyor belt made of ceramic fabric a very good air permeability is achieved. It is particularly advantageous that the air penetrates not only at individual points through the conveyor belt, but substantially flat, that is approximately evenly distributed. As a result, combustion residues lying on the conveyor belt can be cooled very well, which counteracts slagging, in particular, of the wood ash produced during the combustion of wood pellets. Furthermore, the air flowing through the tissue of a better gasification and thus a better combustion of the biomass. The air supplied thus not only counteracts slagging of the combustion residues but also improves the combustion.
  • the conveyor belt is guided over a support, which has first air outlet openings.
  • air can be easily guided through the conveyor belt. Because the air flowing through the first air outlet openings penetrates the conveyor belt.
  • a distribution of the air emerging from the first air outlet openings takes place in an advantageous manner. As a result, arranged on the conveyor belt combustion residues are cooled evenly.
  • the support at least partially forms the wall of a cavity having an air supply port.
  • a multiplicity of first air outlet openings can be supplied with air. If air is supplied to the cavity via the air supply connection, it exits through the first air outlet openings and penetrates the air-permeable conveyor belt.
  • the cavity is formed in cross-section U-shaped with mutually bent leg ends.
  • the combustion of the biomass lying on the conveyor belt can supply additional air, whereby the combustion is improved.
  • the bent leg ends need only have second air outlet openings at their front sides, which are preferably designed as nozzles.
  • the lying on the conveyor belt burning biomass thus receives from below through the conveyor belt passing air and laterally from the second air outlet openings exiting air. This has a very beneficial effect on the combustion process, that is, there is an almost complete combustion of the biomass, which has a very high efficiency and a very low emission result.
  • the combustion chamber is surrounded by an insulation, which forms an annular gap with the combustion chamber, one end of which is connected to the air supply port.
  • the air supplied to the combustion chamber that is, the air passing through the first and second air outlet openings, are sucked through the annular gap, whereby the air is heated or the combustion chamber is cooled very effectively.
  • the heating of the combustion chamber supplied air has a very beneficial effect on the combustion process. Since the temperature of the preheated air is very low compared to the temperature of the combustion residues, the combustion residues can still be cooled very well by the preheated air.
  • the conveyor belt is deflected in the transport direction behind the combustion chamber and in the region of the deflection point a scraper is arranged.
  • a scraper is arranged on the conveyor belt combustion residues fall from the conveyor belt.
  • the scraper prevents residues from sticking to the conveyor belt. This is very advantageous since combustion residues adhering to the conveyor belt have an adverse effect on the air permeability of the conveyor belt and thus a worse combustion of the biomass and a sintering of the combustion residues takes place.
  • FIG. 1 can be removed, according to the invention formed a small combustion plant on a combustion chamber 1, are arranged in the deflections 1 a.
  • a conveyor belt 3 is arranged, by means of which wood pellets 2 are transported into or through the combustion chamber 1.
  • the wood pellets 2 are located in a pellet storage container 2a, at the lower end of a gas and pressure-tight pellet lock 11 is arranged.
  • a scraper 8 is arranged, by means of which on the conveyor belt 3 adhering combustion residues from the conveyor belt 3 can be scraped.
  • an ash collection container 12 is arranged, in which combustion residues can be introduced.
  • the ash collecting container 12 is connected via a gas and pressure-tight ash sluice 18 to the combustion chamber 1. Furthermore, keeping the combustion chamber 1, a hot water tank 13 is arranged, is contained in the water, which by means of a in FIG. 1 not shown heat exchanger whose heat carrier is heated in the combustion chamber 1, is heated.
  • the combustion chamber 1 further has a second air supply 19, which further mixes the combustion gases with combustion air (secondary air) and thereby enables almost complete combustion.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is sheathed with a ceramic inner combustion chamber insulation 14.
  • the combustion chamber still has an outer insulation 9, which is arranged at a distance from the inner combustion chamber insulation 14, so that between the inner Brennschisvltechnik 14 and the outer insulation 9, an annular gap 10 is present.
  • the annular gap 10 opens above the combustion chamber 1 in an air intake 15, through which an exhaust pipe 16 of the combustion chamber 1 is guided.
  • the annular gap 10 also opens at its lower end 10a into a suction line 17a a blower 17.
  • An output line 17b of the blower 17 is in an in FIG. 1 not shown connected to an air supply port 7 of a cavity 6 of a box, which forms a support 4 for the conveyor belt 3.
  • FIG. 2 can be removed, the conveyor belt 3, which consists of a fabric made of ceramic fibers, on a first air outlet openings 5a having wall of the box, the interior of which forms the cavity 6.
  • air can be introduced via the air supply port.
  • the box is U-shaped in cross-section, wherein the ends of the legs 6a, 6b are bent to each other. At the end sides of the bent leg ends 6a, 6b second air outlet openings 5b are arranged, which are formed as nozzles. The nozzles are aligned so that air escaping from them flows onto the conveyor belt 3.
  • FIG. 3 it is shown that the support 4, on which the conveyor belt 3 rests, the first air outlet openings 5a has. Air exiting from the first air outlet openings 5a thus flows through the conveyor belt 3. As a result, combustion residues arranged on the conveyor belt 3 are cooled. Furthermore, the air passing through the conveyor belt 3 promotes the combustion of the wood pellets arranged on the conveyor belt 3.
  • wood pellets 2 are placed on the conveyor belt 3 on the pellet lock. Moves the conveyor belt 3, the wood pellets 2 are placed flat on the conveyor belt 3.
  • the wood pellets 2 are guided into the combustion chamber 1. There they will be lit and burned.
  • the combustion is through the passing through the first air outlet openings 5a and the conveyor belt 3 passing Air and the passing through the second air outlet openings 5b passing air favors. Since the air was previously passed through the annular gap 10, it is heated, which further promotes combustion. Furthermore, the combustion residues are cooled by the air exiting from the first air outlet openings 5a.
  • the combustion can be divided into different zones.
  • the air supply can be adapted to the different zones.
  • the air supply can be optimally adjusted to the ignition of the wood pellets.
  • the air supply can be optimally adapted to the combustion.
  • the wood pellets are dried at the entrance of the combustion chamber 1 in a drying zone.

Abstract

The device has a combustion chamber (1), and a biomass insertable into the combustion chamber by an air-permeable conveyor (3). The conveyor is guided across a support (4) including a set of air outlet openings, where the conveyor comprises ceramic fibers. The support partly forms a wall of a cavity, and an air supply connection. The cavity is formed in a U-shaped cross section with bent bracket ends. The combustion chamber is surrounded with an isolation (9), which forms an annular gap (10) with the combustion chamber.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kleinfeuerungsanlage für pflanzliche Biomassen nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, mit einer Brennkammer, in welche die Biomasse einleitbar ist.The invention relates to a small combustion plant for vegetable biomass according to the preamble of claim 1, with a combustion chamber into which the biomass can be introduced.

Im Hinblick auf immer knapper werdende Ressourcen an fossilen Brennstoffen wie beispielsweise Erdöl und Erdgas, hat pflanzliche Biomasse als Energieträger in jüngster Zeit immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Es wurden daher beispielsweise Kleinfeuerungsanlagen entwickelt, in welchen in einer Brennkammer Biomasse, insbesondere Holzpellets, verbrannt werden. Zum kontinuierlichen Betrieb der Anlagen muss der Brennstoff beziehungsweise müssen die Holzpellets der Brennkammer automatisch zugeführt werden.In view of increasingly scarce resources of fossil fuels such as oil and natural gas, herbal biomass has become increasingly important as an energy source in recent times. Therefore, for example, small combustion plants have been developed in which biomass, in particular wood pellets, are burned in a combustion chamber. For continuous operation of the plants, the fuel or the wood pellets must be automatically fed to the combustion chamber.

Zur Anwendung im Wohnungsbau (Ein- und Mehrfamilienhäuser mit einem Leistungsbereich kleiner hundert Kilowatt), auf die die vorliegende Erfindung insbesondere gerichtet ist, sind verschiedene Feuerungsarten beziehungsweise entsprechende Kleinfeuerungsanlagen bekannt.For application in housing (single and multi-family homes with a power range less than one hundred kilowatts), to which the present invention is particularly directed, various types of firing or corresponding small combustion plants are known.

Bei der so genannten Unterschub-Feuerung wird der Brennstoff langsam von unten in die Brennkammer geschoben. Eine Feuerungsstätte für Unterschub-Feuerung lässt sich einfach und robust aufbauen und arbeitet zuverlässig und relativ wartungsarm. Des Weiteren wird die Asche von nachschiebenden Pellets über den Rand des Brenntellers geschoben und fällt ohne weitere Hilfsmittel in einen Aschekasten.In the so-called underfeed firing, the fuel is slowly pushed from below into the combustion chamber. A firing station for underfeed firing can be set up simply and robustly and operates reliably and with a relatively low maintenance requirement. Furthermore, the ash is pushed by nachschiebenden pellets over the edge of the burner plate and falls without further aids in an ash box.

Bei schlechter Durchmischung mit Luft können jedoch unverbrannte Pelletteilchen über den Brenntellerrand fallen, weil sie automatisch nach außen über die Verbrennungszone geschoben werden. Des Weiteren stehen die Pellets im Fördersystem immer direkt in Verbindung mit der Glutzone. Stoppt die Anlage, kann der Brennstoff wegen Luftmangel nicht mehr vollständig verbrennen und schwelt mit höherer Emission nach. Es sind daher besondere Vorkehrungen gegen einen Rückbrand notwendig. Des Weiteren gelangen die Pellets in verdichteter Form auf den Brennteller, wodurch die Primärluft eine schlechte Angriffsmöglichkeit hat. Dies führt zu einem verzögerten Abbrand, wobei im ungünstigsten Fall unverbrannte Bestandteile übrig bleiben.However, if poorly mixed with air, unburned pellet particles may fall over the edge of the burning plate because they are automatically pushed outward over the combustion zone. Furthermore, the pellets in the conveyor system are always directly connected to the glow zone. Stops the plant, Due to lack of air, the fuel can no longer burn completely and smolder with higher emissions. There are therefore special precautions against a burn-back necessary. Furthermore, the pellets reach the burning plate in compacted form, which means that the primary air has a poor possibility of attack. This leads to a delayed burning, leaving unburned components in the worst case.

Bei der so genannten Seiteneinschub-Feuerung ist ein kompakter Aufbau der Feuerungsstätte möglich. Des Weiteren kann der Füllstand mittels einfacher Niveaufühler oder Lichtschranken gemessen werden. Weiterhin erlauben Brennkammern aus Schamott oder Silizium-Karbid mit Querschnittsverengung zum Flammenraum hohe Temperaturen. Dies führt zu einem hohen Wirkungsgrad bei besonders niedrigen Emissionen.With the so-called side-insertion firing, a compact construction of the firing area is possible. Furthermore, the level can be measured by means of simple level sensors or light barriers. Furthermore, combustion chambers of fireclay or silicon carbide with cross-sectional constriction to the flame chamber allow high temperatures. This leads to a high efficiency with particularly low emissions.

Allerdings ist das Glutbett nicht homogen, weil es gleichzeitig aus unverbrannten, angekohlten und glühenden Pellets besteht. Deshalb ist eine gleichmäßige Gasaufbereitung über den gesamten Feuerraumquerschnitt nicht möglich. Da die Pellets im Fördersystem immer direkt in Verbindung mit der Glutzone stehen, kann, wenn die Anlage stoppt, der Brennstoff wegen Luftmangel nicht mehr vollständig verbrennen. Des Weiteren sind besondere Vorkehrungen gegen einen Rückbrand notwendig. Darüber hinaus hat die Primärluft eine schlechte Angriffsmöglichkeit, da die Pellets in verdichteter Form auf den Brennteller gelangen.However, the ember bed is not homogeneous because it consists of unburned, carbonized and glowing pellets at the same time. Therefore, a uniform gas treatment over the entire combustion chamber cross section is not possible. Since the pellets in the conveyor system are always in direct connection with the glow zone, the fuel can no longer burn completely due to lack of air when the system stops. Furthermore, special precautions against a burn-back necessary. In addition, the primary air has a bad attack possibility, since the pellets reach the burner plate in a compacted form.

Bei der so genannten Fallschacht-Feuerung fallen die Pellets aus einem Füllschacht über eine Rutsche auf einen Brennrost oder in einen Schalenbrenner. Weil der Pelletnachschub dadurch konstruktiv von der Glutzone getrennt ist, lässt sich die Anlage schnell und Emissionsarm abstellen. Außerdem stellt die Konstruktion eine Rückbrandsicherung dar, die bei den beiden anderen Feuerungssystemen über zum Teil speziell entwickelte Zellradschleusen realisiert werden müssen.With the so-called chute firing, the pellets fall from a hopper via a chute onto a grate or into a dish burner. Because the pellet supply is structurally separated from the glow zone, the system can be turned off quickly and with low emissions. In addition, the construction represents a back fire protection, which must be realized in the two other firing systems on partly specially designed rotary valves.

Allerdings stören herunterfallende Pellets das Glutbett stark, wodurch vermehrt Staub und unverbrannte Partikel aufgewirbelt werden können. Des Weiteren kann ein instabiles Verbrennungsverhalten entstehen. Darüber hinaus gelangen Feinteile im Brennstoff nicht in die Glutzone, weil sie mit dem Strom der Verbrennungsgase mitgerissen werden, so dass sie den Staubanfall im Abgas erhöhen. Für eine automatische Entaschung der Brennerschalen ist es erforderlich, den Rost zu kippen oder zu rütteln. Hierzu sind besondere Vorrichtungen erforderlich, die in den heißen Bereich der Anlage eingebaut werden müssen.However, falling pellets strongly disturb the ember bed, which can cause more dust and unburned particles to be whirled up. Furthermore, an unstable combustion behavior can arise. In addition, fines in the fuel do not enter the glow zone because they are entrained with the flow of combustion gases, so that they increase the amount of dust in the exhaust. For automatic deashing of the burner bowls, it is necessary to tilt or shake the grid. For this purpose, special devices are required, which must be installed in the hot area of the system.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung eine elngangs genannte Kleinfeuerungsanlage zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche bei reduzierter Emission und erhöhtem Wirkungsgrad auf komfortable Weise kontinuierlich betrieben werden kann.It is an object of the invention to provide a small combustion system called elngangs, which can be operated in a comfortable manner continuously with reduced emission and increased efficiency.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich aus den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teils des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The solution of this problem arises from the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Gemäß der Erfindung ist eine Kleinfeuerungsanlage für pflanzliche Biomassen, mit einer Brennkammer, in welche die Biomasse einleitbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biomasse mittels eines luftdurchlässigen Transportbandes in die Brennkammer einleitbar ist. In vorteilhafter Weise wird die Biomasse auf dem Transportband durch die Brennkammer geführt und auf dem Transportband verbrannt.According to the invention, a small combustion plant for plant biomass, with a combustion chamber into which the biomass can be introduced, characterized in that the biomass is introduced into the combustion chamber by means of an air-permeable conveyor belt. Advantageously, the biomass is guided on the conveyor belt through the combustion chamber and burned on the conveyor belt.

Dadurch, dass die Biomasse mittels eines luftdurchlässigen Transportbandes in die Brennkammer einleitbar ist, lässt sich die Biomasse einerseits auf einfache Weise der Brennkammer zuführen und andererseits wird eine sehr gute Verbrennung der Biomasse erreicht. Insbesondere wird einer Versinterung der bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Schlacke entgegengewirkt.Due to the fact that the biomass can be introduced into the combustion chamber by means of an air-permeable conveyor belt, the biomass can on the one hand be supplied to the combustion chamber in a simple manner and on the other hand a very good combustion of the biomass is achieved. In particular, a sintering of the resulting slag during combustion is counteracted.

Da die Verbrennung der Biomasse auf dem Transportband stattfindet und das Transportband luftdurchlässig ist, können Verbrennungsrückstände durch Zufuhr von Luft gekühlt werden. Dies wirkt einem Schmelzen der Verbrennungsrückstände und damit beispielsweise bei der Verbrennung von Holzpellets einer Verschlackung von Holzasche entgegen. Des Weiteren wird dadurch, dass die Biomasse auf einem Transportband in die Brennkammer eingeleitet wird, vermieden, dass die Biomasse als Haufen verbrannt wird. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, da gerade bei einer Verfeuerung von Holzpellets bei einer Haufenbildung eine vollständige Verbrennung der Holzpellets nicht erreicht werden kann, was die Bildung von Ruß und Teer begünstigt. Diese Nachteile treten insbesondere bei einer schlechten Pelletqualität auf.Since the combustion of the biomass takes place on the conveyor belt and the conveyor belt is permeable to air, combustion residues can be cooled by supplying air. This counteracts a melting of the combustion residues and thus, for example, in the combustion of wood pellets slagging of wood ash. Furthermore, the fact that the biomass is introduced into the combustion chamber on a conveyor belt, prevents the biomass is burned as a pile. This is particularly advantageous, since it is not possible to achieve complete combustion of the wood pellets, especially when burning wood pellets in a heap formation, which favors the formation of soot and tar. These disadvantages occur especially with poor pellet quality.

Durch die Anordnung der Biomasse auf einem Transportband lassen sich darüber hinaus Verbrennungsrückstände Problemlos aus der Brennkammer entfernen. Denn durch die Anordnung der Biomasse auf dem Transportband lassen sich die Verbrennungsrückstände aus der Brennkammer auf die gleiche Art und Weise entfernen, wie der Brennkammer Biomasse zugeführt wird. Das Transportband braucht lediglich so dimensioniert zu sein, dass es aus der Brennkammer hinausführt, wodurch die Verbrennungsrückstände in einen am Ende des Transportbandes angeordneten Auffangbehälter abgeworfen werden können.By arranging the biomass on a conveyor belt combustion residues can also be easily removed from the combustion chamber. Because the arrangement of the biomass on the conveyor belt, the combustion residues from the combustion chamber can be removed in the same manner as the combustion chamber biomass is supplied. The conveyor belt only needs to be dimensioned so that it leads out of the combustion chamber, whereby the combustion residues can be dropped into a arranged at the end of the conveyor belt collecting container.

In vorteilhafter Weise weist das Transportband Keramikfasern oder Keramikplättchen auf. Hierdurch lässt sich auf einfache Weise eine Luftdurchlässigkeit des Transportbandes erreichen.The conveyor belt advantageously has ceramic fibers or ceramic platelets. As a result, an air permeability of the conveyor belt can be achieved in a simple manner.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist jedoch, wenn das Transportband vollständig aus Keramikfasern oder Keramikplättchen besteht, insbesondere aus einem reißfesten Keramikgewebe. Das Keramikgewebe hat vorzugsweise in Transportrichtung des Transportbandes verlaufende Kettfäden und rechtwinklig zu den Kettfäden verlaufende Schussfäden. Ein derartiges Keramikgewebe ist hochtemperaturbeständig und äußerst resistent gegen geschmolzene Metalltropfen. Des Weiteren zeichnet es sich durch eine hohe mechanische Stabilität und eine hohe Belastbarkeit bei Temperaturschocks aus.However, it is particularly advantageous if the conveyor belt completely consists of ceramic fibers or ceramic platelets, in particular of a tear-resistant ceramic fabric. The ceramic fabric preferably has in the transport direction of the conveyor belt extending warp threads and at right angles to the warp threads running weft threads. Such a ceramic fabric is high temperature resistant and extremely resistant to molten metal drops. Furthermore, it is characterized by a high mechanical stability and a high load capacity in temperature shocks.

Durch die Ausbildung des Transportbandes aus Keramikgewebe wird eine sehr gute Luftdurchlässigkeit erreicht. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, dass die Luft nicht nur an einzelnen Stellen durch das Transportband dringt, sondern im Wesentlichen flächig, das heißt etwa gleichmäßig verteilt. Hierdurch lassen sich auf dem Transportband liegende Verbrennungsrückstände sehr gut kühlen, was einer Verschlackung insbesondere der bei der Verbrennung von Holzpellets entstehenden Holzasche entgegenwirkt. Des Weiteren dient die das Gewebe durchströmende Luft einer besseren Vergasung und damit einer besseren Verbrennung der Biomasse. Durch die zugeführte Luft wird somit nicht nur einer Verschlackung der Verbrennungsrückstände entgegen gewirkt sondern auch noch die Verbrennung verbessert.Due to the design of the conveyor belt made of ceramic fabric a very good air permeability is achieved. It is particularly advantageous that the air penetrates not only at individual points through the conveyor belt, but substantially flat, that is approximately evenly distributed. As a result, combustion residues lying on the conveyor belt can be cooled very well, which counteracts slagging, in particular, of the wood ash produced during the combustion of wood pellets. Furthermore, the air flowing through the tissue of a better gasification and thus a better combustion of the biomass. The air supplied thus not only counteracts slagging of the combustion residues but also improves the combustion.

Wenngleich sich ein Transportband aus einem Keramikgewebe auch als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen hat, so könnten auch andere temperaturbeständige flexible Gewebe zum Einsatz kommen.Although a conveyor belt made of a ceramic fabric has also proven to be particularly advantageous, so could other temperature-resistant flexible fabric used.

Bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass das Transportband über eine Auflage geführt ist, welche erste Luftaustrittsöffnungen aufweist. Hierdurch lässt sich auf einfache Weise Luft durch das Transportband leiten. Denn die durch die ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen strömende Luft durchdringt das Transportband. Bei einem aus Keramikfasern bestehenden Transportband findet in vorteilhafter Weise noch eine Verteilung der aus den ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen austretenden Luft statt. Hierdurch werden auf dem Transportband angeordnete Verbrennungsrückstände gleichmäßig gekühlt.In a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the conveyor belt is guided over a support, which has first air outlet openings. As a result, air can be easily guided through the conveyor belt. Because the air flowing through the first air outlet openings penetrates the conveyor belt. In the case of a conveyor belt made of ceramic fibers, a distribution of the air emerging from the first air outlet openings takes place in an advantageous manner. As a result, arranged on the conveyor belt combustion residues are cooled evenly.

Sehr vorteilhaft bei der letztgenannten Ausführungsform ist es, wenn die Auflage zumindest teilweise die Wandung eines Hohlraums bildet, welcher einen Luftzufuhr-Anschluss aufweist. Hierdurch lässt sich eine Vielzahl von ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen mit Luft versorgen. Wird dem Hohlraum über den Luftzufuhr-Anschluss Luft zugeführt, tritt diese durch die ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen aus und durchdringt das luftdurchlässige Transportband.Very advantageous in the latter embodiment, it is when the support at least partially forms the wall of a cavity having an air supply port. As a result, a multiplicity of first air outlet openings can be supplied with air. If air is supplied to the cavity via the air supply connection, it exits through the first air outlet openings and penetrates the air-permeable conveyor belt.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist der Hohlraum im Querschnitt U-förmig mit zueinander abgebogenen Schenkelenden ausgebildet. Hierdurch lässt sich der Verfeuerung der auf dem Transportband liegenden Biomasse weitere Luft zuführen, wodurch die Verbrennung verbessert wird. Hierzu brauchen die abgebogenen Schenkelenden an ihren Stirnseiten lediglich zweite Luftaustrittsöffnungen aufweisen, welche vorzugsweise als Düsen ausgebildet sind. Die auf dem Transportband liegende brennende Biomasse erhält somit von unten durch das Transportband hindurch tretende Luft und seitlich aus den zweiten Luftaustrittsöffnungen austretende Luft. Dies wirkt sich sehr vorteilhaft auf den Verbrennungsvorgang aus, das heißt es findet eine nahezu vollständige Verbrennung der Biomasse statt, was einen sehr hohen Wirkungsgrad sowie eine sehr geringe Emission zu Folge hat.Advantageously, the cavity is formed in cross-section U-shaped with mutually bent leg ends. As a result, the combustion of the biomass lying on the conveyor belt can supply additional air, whereby the combustion is improved. For this purpose, the bent leg ends need only have second air outlet openings at their front sides, which are preferably designed as nozzles. The lying on the conveyor belt burning biomass thus receives from below through the conveyor belt passing air and laterally from the second air outlet openings exiting air. This has a very beneficial effect on the combustion process, that is, there is an almost complete combustion of the biomass, which has a very high efficiency and a very low emission result.

Sehr vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Brennkammer mit einer isolierung umgeben ist, welche mit der Brennkammer einen Ringspalt bildet, dessen eines Ende mit dem Luftzufuhr-Anschluss verbunden ist. Hierdurch kann die der Brennkammer zugeführte Luft, das heißt die durch die ersten und zweiten Luftaustrittsöffnungen durchtretende Luft, durch den Ringspalt angesaugt werden, wodurch sich die Luft erwärmt beziehungsweise die Brennkammer sehr effektiv gekühlt wird. Die Erwärmung der der Brennkammer zugeführten Luft wirkt sich sehr vorteilhaft auf den Verbrennungsvorgang aus. Da die Temperatur der vorgewärmten Luft im Vergleich zur Temperatur der Verbrennungsrückstände sehr niedrig ist, lassen sich die Verbrennungsrückstände durch die vorgewärmte Luft immer noch sehr gut kühlen.Very advantageous is an embodiment of the invention in which the combustion chamber is surrounded by an insulation, which forms an annular gap with the combustion chamber, one end of which is connected to the air supply port. As a result, the air supplied to the combustion chamber, that is, the air passing through the first and second air outlet openings, are sucked through the annular gap, whereby the air is heated or the combustion chamber is cooled very effectively. The heating of the combustion chamber supplied air has a very beneficial effect on the combustion process. Since the temperature of the preheated air is very low compared to the temperature of the combustion residues, the combustion residues can still be cooled very well by the preheated air.

Bei einer weiteren besonderen Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass das Transportband in Transportrichtung hinter der Brennkammer umgelenkt wird und im Bereich der Umlenkstelle ein Abschaber angeordnet ist. Durch die Umlenkung des Transportbandes hinter der Brennkammer wird erreicht, dass auf dem Transportband angeordnete Verbrennungsrückstände vom Transportband fallen. Durch den Abschaber wird vermieden, dass am Transportband Rückstände haften bleiben. Dies ist sehr vorteilhaft, da am Transportband haftende Verbrennungsrückstände sich nachteilig auf die Luftdurchlässigkeit des Transportbandes auswirken und damit eine schlechtere Verbrennung der Biomasse sowie eine Versinterung der Verbrennungsrückstände erfolgt.In a further particular embodiment, it is provided that the conveyor belt is deflected in the transport direction behind the combustion chamber and in the region of the deflection point a scraper is arranged. By deflecting the conveyor belt behind the combustion chamber is achieved that arranged on the conveyor belt combustion residues fall from the conveyor belt. The scraper prevents residues from sticking to the conveyor belt. This is very advantageous since combustion residues adhering to the conveyor belt have an adverse effect on the air permeability of the conveyor belt and thus a worse combustion of the biomass and a sintering of the combustion residues takes place.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines besonderen Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung.Further details, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of a particular embodiment with reference to the drawings.

Es zeigt:It shows:

Fig. 1Fig. 1
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Feuerungsanlage von der Seite im Schnitt,a schematic representation of an inventively designed furnace from the side in section,
Fig. 2Fig. 2
eine schematische Darstellung eines das Transportband umfassenden Anlagenteils der in Figur 1 dargestellten Feuerungsanlage in perspektivischer Darstellung unda schematic representation of a conveyor belt comprehensive plant part of in FIG. 1 illustrated furnace in perspective and
Fig. 3Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung des die Luftzuführung betreffenden Anlagenteils der in Figur 1 dargestellten Kleinfeuerungsanlage in perspektivischer Darstellung.a schematic representation of the air supply relevant plant part of in FIG. 1 illustrated Kleinfeuerungsanlage in perspective.

Wie Figur 1 entnommen werden kann, weist eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Kleinfeuerungsanlage eine Brennkammer 1 auf, in der Umlenkungen 1 a angeordnet sind. Im unteren Bereich der Brennkammer 1 ist ein Transportband 3 angeordnet, mittels welchem Holzpellets 2 in beziehungsweise durch die Brennkammer 1 transportiert werden. Die Holzpellets 2 befinden sich in einem Pellet-Vorratsbehälter 2a, an dessen unterem Ende eine gas- und druckdichte Pelletschleuse 11 angeordnet ist.As FIG. 1 can be removed, according to the invention formed a small combustion plant on a combustion chamber 1, are arranged in the deflections 1 a. In the lower region of the combustion chamber 1, a conveyor belt 3 is arranged, by means of which wood pellets 2 are transported into or through the combustion chamber 1. The wood pellets 2 are located in a pellet storage container 2a, at the lower end of a gas and pressure-tight pellet lock 11 is arranged.

An der der Pelletschleuse 11 abgewandten Umlenkung des Transportbandes 3 ist ein Abschaber 8 angeordnet, mittels welchen am Transportband 3 haftende Verbrennungsrückstände von dem Transportband 3 geschabt werden können.At the pellet lock 11 facing away from deflection of the conveyor belt 3, a scraper 8 is arranged, by means of which on the conveyor belt 3 adhering combustion residues from the conveyor belt 3 can be scraped.

Unterhalb der Brennkammer 1 beziehungsweise des Transportbandes 3 ist ein Asche-Sammelbehälter 12 angeordnet, in welchen Verbrennungsrückstände eingeleitet werden können. Der Asche-Sammelbehälter 12 ist über eine gas- und druckdichte Ascheschleuse 18 mit der Brennkammer 1 verbunden. Des Weiteren ist unterhalt der Brennkammer 1 ein Warmwasserspeicher 13 angeordnet, in dem Wasser enthalten ist, welches mittels eines in Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Wärmetauschers, dessen Wärmeträger in der Brennkammer 1 erhitzt wird, erwärmt wird.Below the combustion chamber 1 and the conveyor belt 3, an ash collection container 12 is arranged, in which combustion residues can be introduced. The ash collecting container 12 is connected via a gas and pressure-tight ash sluice 18 to the combustion chamber 1. Furthermore, keeping the combustion chamber 1, a hot water tank 13 is arranged, is contained in the water, which by means of a in FIG. 1 not shown heat exchanger whose heat carrier is heated in the combustion chamber 1, is heated.

Die Brennkammer 1 weist des Weiteren eine zweite Luftzuführung 19 auf, welche die Brenngase weiter mit Verbrennungsluft mischt (Sekundärluft) und dadurch eine nahezu vollständige Verbrennung ermöglicht.The combustion chamber 1 further has a second air supply 19, which further mixes the combustion gases with combustion air (secondary air) and thereby enables almost complete combustion.

Die Brennkammer 1 ist mit einer aus Keramik bestehenden inneren Brennkammerisolierung 14 ummantelt. Darüber hinaus weist die Brennkammer noch eine äußere Isolierung 9 auf, welche in einem Abstand zur inneren Brennkammerisolierung 14 angeordnet ist, so dass zwischen der inneren Brennkammerisvlierung 14 und der äußeren Isolierung 9 ein Ringspalt 10 vorhanden ist.The combustion chamber 1 is sheathed with a ceramic inner combustion chamber insulation 14. In addition, the combustion chamber still has an outer insulation 9, which is arranged at a distance from the inner combustion chamber insulation 14, so that between the inner Brennkammerisvlierung 14 and the outer insulation 9, an annular gap 10 is present.

Der Ringspalt 10 mündet oberhalb der Brennkammer 1 in eine Luftansaugung 15, durch welche eine Abgasleitung 16 der Brennkammer 1 geführt ist. Der Ringspalt 10 mündet des Weiteren an seinem unteren Ende 10a in eine Ansaugleitung 17a eines Gebläses 17. Eine Ausgangsleitung 17b des Gebläses 17 ist in einer in Figur 1 nicht dargestellten Weise mit einem Luftzufuhr-Anschluss 7 eines Hohlraums 6 eines Kastens verbunden, der eine Auflage 4 für das Transportband 3 bildet.The annular gap 10 opens above the combustion chamber 1 in an air intake 15, through which an exhaust pipe 16 of the combustion chamber 1 is guided. The annular gap 10 also opens at its lower end 10a into a suction line 17a a blower 17. An output line 17b of the blower 17 is in an in FIG. 1 not shown connected to an air supply port 7 of a cavity 6 of a box, which forms a support 4 for the conveyor belt 3.

Wie insbesondere Figur 2 entnommen werden kann, liegt das Transportband 3, welches aus einem Gewebe aus Keramikfasern besteht, auf einer erste Luftaustrittsöffnungen 5a aufweisenden Wandung des Kastens auf, dessen Inneres den Hohlraum 6 bildet. In den Hohlraum 6 kann über den Luftzufuhr-Anschluss 7 Luft eingeleitet werden. Der Kasten ist im Querschnitt U-förmig ausgebildet, wobei die Enden der Schenkel 6a, 6b zueinander abgebogen sind. An den Stirnseiten der abgebogen Schenkelenden 6a, 6b sind zweite Luftaustrittsöffnungen 5b angeordnet, welche als Düsen ausgebildet sind. Die Düsen sind so ausgerichtet, dass aus ihnen austretende Luft auf das Transportband 3 strömt.In particular FIG. 2 can be removed, the conveyor belt 3, which consists of a fabric made of ceramic fibers, on a first air outlet openings 5a having wall of the box, the interior of which forms the cavity 6. In the cavity 6 7 air can be introduced via the air supply port. The box is U-shaped in cross-section, wherein the ends of the legs 6a, 6b are bent to each other. At the end sides of the bent leg ends 6a, 6b second air outlet openings 5b are arranged, which are formed as nozzles. The nozzles are aligned so that air escaping from them flows onto the conveyor belt 3.

In Figur 3 ist dargestellt, dass die Auflage 4, auf der das Transportband 3 aufliegt, die ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen 5a aufweist. Aus den ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen 5a austretende Luft durchströmt somit das Transportband 3. Hierdurch werden auf dem Transportband 3 angeordnete Verbrennungsrückstände gekühlt. Des Weiteren begünstigt die durch das Transportband 3 hindurch tretende Luft die Verbrennung der auf dem Transportband 3 angeordneten Holzpellets.In FIG. 3 it is shown that the support 4, on which the conveyor belt 3 rests, the first air outlet openings 5a has. Air exiting from the first air outlet openings 5a thus flows through the conveyor belt 3. As a result, combustion residues arranged on the conveyor belt 3 are cooled. Furthermore, the air passing through the conveyor belt 3 promotes the combustion of the wood pellets arranged on the conveyor belt 3.

In Betrieb der Kleinfeuerungsanlage werden über die Pelletschleuse 11 Holzpellets 2 auf das Transportband 3 abgelegt. Bewegt sich das Transportband 3, werden die Holzpellets 2 flächig auf das Transportband 3 abgelegt.In operation of the small combustion plant 11 wood pellets 2 are placed on the conveyor belt 3 on the pellet lock. Moves the conveyor belt 3, the wood pellets 2 are placed flat on the conveyor belt 3.

Durch die Bewegung des Transportbands 3 in seine durch den Pfeil 3a dargestellte Transportrichtung werden die Holzpellets 2 in die Brennkammer 1 geführt. Dort werden sie angezündet und verbrennen. Die Verbrennung wird durch die durch ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen 5a und das Transportband 3 hindurch tretende Luft sowie die durch die zweiten Luftaustrittsöffnungen 5b hindurch tretende Luft begünstigt. Da die Luft zuvor durch den Ringspalt 10 geführt wurde, ist sie erwärmt, was die Verbrennung weiter begünstigt. Des Weiteren werden die Verbrennungsrückstände durch die aus den ersten Luftaustrittsöffnungen 5a austretende Luft gekühlt.Due to the movement of the conveyor belt 3 in its transport direction represented by the arrow 3a, the wood pellets 2 are guided into the combustion chamber 1. There they will be lit and burned. The combustion is through the passing through the first air outlet openings 5a and the conveyor belt 3 passing Air and the passing through the second air outlet openings 5b passing air favors. Since the air was previously passed through the annular gap 10, it is heated, which further promotes combustion. Furthermore, the combustion residues are cooled by the air exiting from the first air outlet openings 5a.

Nachdem die Holzpellets 2 verbrannt sind, gelangen sie durch die Bewegung des Transportsbands 3 an die hinter der Brennkammer 1 angeordnete Umlenkstelle, wodurch sie vom Transportband 3 fallen und dem Asche-Sammelbehälter 12 über die Ascheschleuse 18 zugeführt werden.After the wood pellets 2 are burned, they pass through the movement of the conveyor belt 3 to the arranged behind the combustion chamber 1 deflection, whereby they fall from the conveyor belt 3 and the ash collection container 12 via the ash sluice 18 are supplied.

Durch die Luftzufuhr von der Seite sowie von unten wird eine sehr effektive Verbrennung erreicht, wodurch die Emission deutlich reduziert wird. Durch die Luftzufuhr von unten wird des Weiteren die Gefahr einer Versinterung der Verbrennungsrückstände reduziert.By the air supply from the side and from below a very effective combustion is achieved, whereby the emission is significantly reduced. The air supply from below further reduces the risk of sintering of the combustion residues.

Da die Verbrennung der Holzpellets auf einem Transportband stattfindet, kann die Verbrennung in unterschiedliche Zonen aufgeteilt werden. Die Luftzufuhr kann an die unterschiedlichen Zonen angepasst werden. So kann die Luftzufuhr beispielsweise optimal auf die Zündung der Holzpellets abgestimmt werden. In gleicher Weise kann die Luftzufuhr optimal auf die Verbrennung abgestimmt werden. Des Weiteren ist es möglich, dass die Holzpellets am Eingang der Brennkammer 1 in einer Trocknungszone getrocknet werden.Since the combustion of the wood pellets takes place on a conveyor belt, the combustion can be divided into different zones. The air supply can be adapted to the different zones. For example, the air supply can be optimally adjusted to the ignition of the wood pellets. In the same way, the air supply can be optimally adapted to the combustion. Furthermore, it is possible that the wood pellets are dried at the entrance of the combustion chamber 1 in a drying zone.

Claims (9)

Kleinfeuerungsanlage für pflanzliche Biomassen, mit einer Brennkammer (1), in welche die Biomasse (2) einleitbar ist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Biomasse (2) mittels eines luftdurchlässigen Transportbandes (3) in die Brennkammer (1) einleitbar ist.Small combustion plant for plant biomass, with a combustion chamber (1), into which the biomass (2) can be introduced,
characterized,
that the biomass (2) by means of an air-permeable conveyor belt (3) into the combustion chamber (1) can be introduced. Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Transportband (3) aus Keramikfasern besteht.Small combustion plant according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the conveyor belt (3) consists of ceramic fibers. Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Transportband (3) über eine Auflage (4) geführt ist, welche erste Luftaustrittsöffnungen (5a) aufweist.Small combustion plant according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the conveyor belt (3) via a support (4) is guided, comprising first air outlet openings (5a). Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Auflage (4) zumindest teilweise die Wandung eines Hohlraums (6) bildet, welcher einen Luftzufuhr-Anschluss (7) aufweist.Small combustion plant according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the support (4) at least partially forms the wall of a cavity (6) having an air supply port (7). Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass der Hohlraum (6) im Querschnitt U-förmig mit zueinander abgebogenen Schenkelenden 6a, 6b) ausgebildet ist.Small combustion plant according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the cavity (6) in cross-section U-shaped with mutually bent leg ends 6a, 6b) is formed. Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die abgebogenen Schenkelenden (6a, 6b) an ihren Stirnseiten zweite Luftaustrittsöffnungen (5b) aufweisen.Small combustion plant according to claim 5,
characterized,
that the bent leg ends (6a, 6b) at their second end faces Have air outlet openings (5b). Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach Anspruch 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die zweite Luftaustrittsöffnungen (5b) als Düsen ausgebildet sind.Small combustion plant according to claim 6,
characterized,
that the second air outlet openings (5b) are formed as nozzles. Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Brennkammer (1) mit einer Isolierung (9) umgeben ist, welche mit der Brennkammer (1) einen Ringspalt (10) bildet, dessen eines Ende (10a) mit dem Luftzufuhr-Anschluss (7) verbunden ist.Small combustion plant according to one of claims 4 to 7,
characterized,
that the combustion chamber (1) with an insulation (9) is surrounded, which forms with the combustion chamber (1) an annular gap (10) having one end (10a) to the air supply port (7) is connected. Kleinfeuerungsanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das Transportband (3) in Transportrichtung (3a) hinter der Brennkammer (1) umgelenkt wird und im Bereich der Umlenkstelle ein Abschaber (8) angeordnet ist.Small combustion plant according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
that the conveyor belt (3) in the transport direction (3a) behind the combustion chamber (1) is deflected and a scraper (8) is arranged in the region of the deflection point.
EP09011995A 2008-10-02 2009-09-21 Small firing device Not-in-force EP2172704B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008050239A DE102008050239A1 (en) 2008-10-02 2008-10-02 small heating system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2172704A1 true EP2172704A1 (en) 2010-04-07
EP2172704B1 EP2172704B1 (en) 2011-12-21

Family

ID=41460493

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09011995A Not-in-force EP2172704B1 (en) 2008-10-02 2009-09-21 Small firing device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2172704B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE538346T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008050239A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2379442T3 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103225802A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-07-31 刘曜 Steam, heat and charcoal triple co-generation biomass combustion device
DE102012020929A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heater for combustion of solid fuels e.g. timber pellets, has ash container connected with area below combustion grate over ash exhaust opening, and ash lock formed as passage to ash container in area below ash exhaust opening

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011102678A1 (en) 2011-05-28 2012-11-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dosing device for variable quantity metering of bulk material e.g. wood fuel pellet, has metering gap which is variable and/or movable using dosing unit, so that loose portions of bulk material retained or fall through by metering gap

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2795200A (en) * 1952-02-27 1957-06-11 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning solid fuel
GB835979A (en) 1958-06-27 1960-06-01 Int Combustion Holdings Ltd Improvements in or relating to travelling stokers for shell type boilers
GB932744A (en) * 1960-03-02 1963-07-31 Vorkauf Heinrich Improvements in furnaces for the combustion of solid fuels
GB973244A (en) 1960-02-05 1964-10-21 Ivor John Conibear Improvements in furnaces fitted with chain grate stokers
DE1508573A1 (en) * 1966-11-30 1969-10-30 Hein Lehmann Ag Sliding device for metal conveyor belts in industrial furnaces
US4475468A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-10-09 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Incinerator with moving-bed stoker
US20040043348A1 (en) * 2002-08-29 2004-03-04 Austin's Pizza Oven conveyor and method thereof
WO2006117579A1 (en) 2005-05-02 2006-11-09 FOCK, József Method and apparatus for gasifying and burning pellets made from herbaceous plants

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE584873C (en) * 1931-12-16 1933-09-25 Karl Wiedelmann Dipl Ing Process for operating mechanically operated grate furnaces
FR2542066A1 (en) * 1983-03-03 1984-09-07 Fives Cail Babcock Process for burning swelling coals in a fluidised bed with a movable mechanical grid, and hearth suitable for making use of this process

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2795200A (en) * 1952-02-27 1957-06-11 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning solid fuel
GB835979A (en) 1958-06-27 1960-06-01 Int Combustion Holdings Ltd Improvements in or relating to travelling stokers for shell type boilers
GB973244A (en) 1960-02-05 1964-10-21 Ivor John Conibear Improvements in furnaces fitted with chain grate stokers
GB932744A (en) * 1960-03-02 1963-07-31 Vorkauf Heinrich Improvements in furnaces for the combustion of solid fuels
DE1508573A1 (en) * 1966-11-30 1969-10-30 Hein Lehmann Ag Sliding device for metal conveyor belts in industrial furnaces
US4475468A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-10-09 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Incinerator with moving-bed stoker
US20040043348A1 (en) * 2002-08-29 2004-03-04 Austin's Pizza Oven conveyor and method thereof
WO2006117579A1 (en) 2005-05-02 2006-11-09 FOCK, József Method and apparatus for gasifying and burning pellets made from herbaceous plants

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012020929A1 (en) * 2012-10-25 2014-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heater for combustion of solid fuels e.g. timber pellets, has ash container connected with area below combustion grate over ash exhaust opening, and ash lock formed as passage to ash container in area below ash exhaust opening
CN103225802A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-07-31 刘曜 Steam, heat and charcoal triple co-generation biomass combustion device
CN103225802B (en) * 2013-05-14 2015-07-15 刘曜 Steam, heat and charcoal triple co-generation biomass combustion device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2379442T3 (en) 2012-04-26
EP2172704B1 (en) 2011-12-21
DE102008050239A1 (en) 2010-04-08
ATE538346T1 (en) 2012-01-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3076076B1 (en) Method for grate firings combustion management
DE4138656C2 (en) Incinerator
EP2172704B1 (en) Small firing device
DE60122829T2 (en) Waste incineration plant with exhaust gas recirculation
DE4219231C1 (en) Waste incineration process and incinerator
AT520305B1 (en) INCINERATOR
EP0096169A1 (en) Method and incinerator for burning low-grade fuel, in particular waste pellets
DE4034672C1 (en)
EP2397756A2 (en) Furnace for burning solid fuels
DE1451505A1 (en) Process for incinerating household waste and / or industrial waste as well as mechanical grate firing to carry out this process
EP1085259B1 (en) Device for burning biogenous fuels
AT398618B (en) FIRE FOR THE COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUELS
DE22505C (en)
AT412306B (en) SOLID FUEL OVEN
DE102017215337B3 (en) Continuously operable gasification boiler for solid fuels and process for combustion of solid fuels
DE27909C (en) Firing with a bell-shaped grate
DE2934721A1 (en) Solid, liquid or gas fired water boiler - has fuel grate and adjacent refractory insert with secondary air supply below combustion chamber
DE202009007254U1 (en) contraption
AT412305B (en) Kiln for combustion of solid fuel - has disc grid rotating against flame pipe to carry waste to ash trap chamber
DE660096C (en) Articulated boiler with a middle filling shaft and lower burnout for burning low-quality coal
AT397139B (en) Firing system for the combustion of solid fuels
AT375456B (en) AIR SUPPLY PIPE FOR OVEN FOR COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUELS
DE472856C (en) Process for the operation of furnaces for moist fuels with mechanically moved grate, pre-built smoldering or drying shaft and zonal air supply
DE1279880B (en) Grate firing for steam boiler systems for burning garbage and other low-quality fuels
EP0232900B1 (en) Removable grate for a tiled stove for a selective running with or without a grate

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA RS

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20101007

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F23G 7/10 20060101ALI20110622BHEP

Ipc: F23B 30/08 20060101AFI20110622BHEP

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 538346

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20120115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502009002235

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120216

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20111221

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2379442

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20120426

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20120321

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

LTIE Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension

Effective date: 20111221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20120322

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20120421

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20120321

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20120423

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20120924

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502009002235

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120924

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: RITTER ENERGIE- UND UMWELTTECHNIK G.M.B.H. & CO. K

Effective date: 20120930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120930

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120930

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20130930

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20130923

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20130925

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20130918

Year of fee payment: 5

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20130921

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120921

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090921

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130930

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130930

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20130921

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502009002235

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 502009002235

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20150401

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20150529

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150401

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20111221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140921

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20151026

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 538346

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20140921

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140922

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140921