EP0232900B1 - Removable grate for a tiled stove for a selective running with or without a grate - Google Patents

Removable grate for a tiled stove for a selective running with or without a grate Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0232900B1
EP0232900B1 EP87101832A EP87101832A EP0232900B1 EP 0232900 B1 EP0232900 B1 EP 0232900B1 EP 87101832 A EP87101832 A EP 87101832A EP 87101832 A EP87101832 A EP 87101832A EP 0232900 B1 EP0232900 B1 EP 0232900B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grate
combustion
insert according
tile stove
stove insert
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EP87101832A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0232900A2 (en
EP0232900A3 (en
Inventor
Manfred Heissen
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Hark & Co Kg Kamin- und Kachelofenbau Firma GmbH
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Hark & Co Kg Kamin- und Kachelofenbau Firma GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/02Arrangement or mountings of fire-grate assemblies; Arrangement or mountings of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-backs 
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B13/00Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels 
    • F24B13/004Doors specially adapted for stoves or ranges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tiled stove insert with a combustion chamber having two stacking planes arranged one above the other and separated by a protrusion of the inner wall of the furnace and removable from the grate, and at least one loading door for the optional burning of coal or wood.
  • Tiled stoves have a ceramic outer shell, which is arranged as a cladding with the formation of an air gap at a distance from a cast steel wall.
  • the cast wall On its side facing away from the ceramic outer shell, the cast wall has a lining made of refractory material, which forms the wall of a combustion chamber in which fuel is burned to generate heat.
  • the unit consisting of the cast wall and the refractory lining is referred to as the tiled stove insert.
  • Tile stoves are generally operated with wood as fuel, which is stacked on the bottom of the combustion chamber. Wood is therefore burned without rust.
  • the reason for this is the high efficiency and the low ash content compared to a combustion in which the wood is stacked on a grate, the combustion air from below is fed.
  • solid fuels for rust-free combustion are understood to mean wood of different types of wood and different dimensions.
  • Fuel of this type requires the use of grates through which the combustion air flows from the underside, since only in this way can the quantities of oxygen necessary for the combustion processes be supplied.
  • These tiled stoves have a loading door that has slots for the air supply in the lower area.
  • the bottom of the combustion chamber is lower than the lower edge of the frame of the loading door, with which it is connected via an inclined ramp.
  • an insert is inserted into the combustion chamber, which consists of a grate and an adjoining baffle.
  • the grate After inserting the insert, the grate is arranged horizontally at the lower edge of the frame of the loading door, is supported on a projection of the refractory lining and ends at a distance from the loading door, while the guide surface is brought up to the loading door in such a way that its Edge against them above the slots.
  • the guide surface together with the slot, provides an air supply to the underside of the grate, as is usual with coal ovens.
  • the insert has a decisive influence on the flow conditions in the combustion chamber, which is either optimally designed for rust-free operation or optimally for operation with rust.
  • the grate is more or less quickly released by the ash falling through, so that the air flowing into the underside of the grate is divided into two air flows, namely a first one, which is in this Area unused leaves the combustion chamber via the fume cupboard and into a second, which supplies the oxygen for combustion in the area of the loading door.
  • Furnace inserts for furnaces are also known (DB-PS 635 589), which consist of a cuboid housing, the underside of which has a grate and the operating side of which has a rust-like operating door.
  • the furnace insert is pushed into the furnace on mounting rails. It has an axle box guided in rails below the grate. This firing insert serves to facilitate the maintenance of the furnaces.
  • Furnace inserts for tiled stoves are also known (DE-C-626 373), the grate of which has legs, so that an insert with a U-shaped, downwardly opening cross section is created. An ash pan is inserted into the space created below the grate so that the ash can be removed from a tiled stove that is still hot.
  • Combined wood-coal ovens which have an insert from a grate unit and a filling chute unit to be arranged in the furnace above this grate unit for the coal operation, while these operations are removed for operation with wood.
  • a heating furnace is known from DE-U-8 431 615, which is also suitable for combined combustion with rust and rust-free combustion.
  • this furnace In addition to its two focal planes separated by a removable grate, this furnace has an ash pan below the lower focal plane.
  • Such an ashtray which is separated from the lower combustion chamber by a grate that cannot be removed, has considerable disadvantages with regard to the efficiency of an oven.
  • parts of the embers repeatedly fall into the ashtray as soon as they fall below the grid size. In the ashtray, they do not get any oxygen and go out, although you could still burn with added oxygen.
  • the disadvantage is essentially that the flow conditions in the furnace depend crucially on whether it has an insert or not.
  • a design can only be made for the optimal coal operation or the optimal wood operation, unless the furnace is designed from the outset as a compromise solution for both operating modes.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a tiled stove for optional operation with or without grate, which ensures optimal flow conditions for the combustion air to be supplied for both operating modes.
  • the tiled stove insert has on its loading side a first loading door for introducing solid fuels for rust-free combustion in the lower focal plane and above this loading door a further loading door for introducing solid fuels for combustion with rust in the upper focal plane and that when the grate is removed, the combustion takes place in the lower focal plane directly on the furnace floor.
  • tiled stove inserts are created, which are arranged one above the other, so to speak, and are integrated in a structural unit that has optimal flow conditions and optimum efficiency both for operation with rust and for operation without rust.
  • the tiled stove insert according to the invention has two loading doors, so that, with appropriate dimensioning of the internal cross section of the combustion chamber, the height of the combustion chamber and the mutual distance between the two operating doors and the arrangement of the grate at a corresponding height in the area between the two loading doors, optimum flow conditions for both Operating modes can be specified.
  • the grate can be removed from the area between the two operating doors and no built-in elements, as receptacles for the grate, disrupt the flow conditions. For this reason, the area of the combustion chamber between the two loading doors only has protrusions and no continuous holding profiles.
  • the projections are essential to the invention so that the grate can be raised, pivoted in the combustion chamber and released from the projections so that it can be removed from the tiled stove insert through the loading door for the introduction of solid fuels.
  • the grate for the formation of an ember basket in the area of the combustion chamber between the two loading doors has a cross section which tapers in the direction of the base of the refractory lining.
  • An ember basket in the sense of the invention is to be understood that the grate is not a flat structure, but rather is three-dimensional.
  • the grate is designed as a truncated pyramid, for example in that a truncated pyramid is arranged along the edges of profile sections which are welded to further profile sections parallel to the base area.
  • the grate has a trapezoidal outline with free end sections in the vertical plane which extends at 90 ° to the operating side.
  • the grate consists of two profiles and profile sections connecting them, the profiles each having a web with angled legs.
  • the easiest way to manufacture is that the two end portions of a grate be angled from the plane by a rectangular, flat outline, so that the two webs are formed with the angled legs.
  • the grate according to the first or the second embodiment principle has a vibrating grate in its area parallel to the combustion chamber base, so that ash can be removed after a long period of operation in order to reduce the flow resistance.
  • the tiled stove insert has an actuating rod which can be suspended in an attachment of the vibrating grate and which is guided by the tiled stove insert.
  • the grate on its underside has spaced guides for an insertable ash box for collecting the ashes.
  • FIG. 1 denotes the exemplary embodiment of the tiled stove, which is shown in a diagrammatic representation in cross section to the loading side.
  • the tiled stove consists of a ceramic outer shell 2, which is arranged at a distance from the cast wall 4 with the formation of air channels 3.
  • the cast wall has ribs 5 to increase the radiation area, and on its side facing away from the ceramic outer shell, a refractory lining 6, which forms the wall of the combustion chamber 7. It also has in its ceiling area a flue gas connection 8 for the exhausting combustion gases which are fed to a chimney, not shown.
  • the loading side which is designated by 9, has a lower loading door 10 for introducing solid fuels for the combustion without rust and above this a loading door 11 for introducing solid fuels for the combustion with rust.
  • a grate 12 is arranged in the combustion chamber in the area between the two loading doors, which has the outline of a trapezoid with the formation of an ember basket in the plane of the drawing.
  • profiles 13 are provided, which have a web 14 with angled legs 15 and 16. These profiles are welded to profile sections, which in the simplest case weld flat or round profile sections 17 (see FIG. 2), or the grate is made of cast iron.
  • the largest contour area of the grate according to the invention corresponds to the clear cross section of the combustion chamber in the area between the two loading doors.
  • the cast wall in the combustion chamber protruding projections 17 'and 18', on which the free end portions of the legs 15 and 16 are supported.
  • the width of the grate i.e. its extension in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing corresponds to the width of the combustion chamber, against the inner wall of which the two outer profiles, of which only one is visible, are in contact.
  • the grate is raised in the direction of the exhaust pipe so that it is released from the projections 17 'and 18'. It is then pivoted about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and removed from the combustion chamber through the lower loading door, which for this purpose has the width of the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective and simplified representation of the refractory lining of the tiled stove with the grate of FIG. 1.
  • the side walls 19 and 20 of the cast wall in the area of the two outer webs of the grate show holding tabs 21 and 22 on which the grate rests.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a grate, which is labeled 25 and is designed in the manner of a truncated pyramid. At the edges of the truncated pyramid, profile sections 30 to 41 are arranged, which are welded to transverse profile sections 38 of different lengths.
  • Angle profiles 39 and 40 are welded to the lower profiles, which form a guide for an ash pan.
  • the grate according to FIG. 3 rests on the detents 42 and 43 arranged opposite one another, which likewise protrude from the cast wall into the combustion chamber.
  • the grate according to FIG. 3 is removed from the tiled stove in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the lower horizontal region 44 of the grate has a vibrating grate 45 with a hookable vibrating rod.

Abstract

The removable grate has on its charging side a charging door for the introduction of solid fuels for grateless combustion and above this charging door a further charging door for the introduction of solid fuels for combustion with a grate. The region of the combustion chamber between the two charging doors forms the combustion chamber for a grate which can be introduced through the charging door for the introduction of solid fuels for grateless combustion, this region having projections for receiving the grate. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kachelofeneinsatz mit einer zwei übereinander angeordnete und durch einen von Vorsprüngen der inneren Ofenwandung getragenen und herausnehmbaren Rost getrennten Brennebenen aufweisenden Brennkammer und wenigstens einer Beschickungstür für das wahlweise Verbrennen von Kohle oder Holz.The invention relates to a tiled stove insert with a combustion chamber having two stacking planes arranged one above the other and separated by a protrusion of the inner wall of the furnace and removable from the grate, and at least one loading door for the optional burning of coal or wood.

Kachelöfen weisen eine keramische Außenschale auf, die als Verkleidung unter Ausbildung eines Luftspaltes distanziert zu einer Gußwandung aus Stahl angeordnet ist.Tiled stoves have a ceramic outer shell, which is arranged as a cladding with the formation of an air gap at a distance from a cast steel wall.

Die Gußwandung weist auf ihrer von der keramischen Außenschale abgewandten Seite eine Auskleidung aus feuerfestem Material auf, die die Wandung einer Brennkammer bildet, in der Brennmaterial zur Wärmeerzeugung verbrannt wird.On its side facing away from the ceramic outer shell, the cast wall has a lining made of refractory material, which forms the wall of a combustion chamber in which fuel is burned to generate heat.

Als Kachelofeneinsatz wird die aus der Gußwandung und der feuerfesten Auskleidung bestehende Baueinheit bezeichnet.The unit consisting of the cast wall and the refractory lining is referred to as the tiled stove insert.

Kachelöfen werden im allgemeinen mit Holz als Brennmaterial betrieben, das auf der Sohle der Brennkammer aufgeschichtet ist. Die Verbrennung von Holz erfolgt somit ohne Rost.Tile stoves are generally operated with wood as fuel, which is stacked on the bottom of the combustion chamber. Wood is therefore burned without rust.

Der Grund liegt in dem hohen Wirkungsgrad und dem geringen Ascheanteil im Vergleich zu einer Verbrennung, bei der das Holz auf einem Rost aufgeschichtet ist, dem von unten die Verbrennungsluft zugeführt wird.The reason for this is the high efficiency and the low ash content compared to a combustion in which the wood is stacked on a grate, the combustion air from below is fed.

Unter festen Brennstoffen für die rostlose Verbrennung ist im folgenden Holz der unterschiedlichen Holzarten und unterschiedlichsten Abmessungen zu verstehen.In the following, solid fuels for rust-free combustion are understood to mean wood of different types of wood and different dimensions.

Es ist auch möglich, Kachelöfen mit Kohle , wie zum Beispiel Koks und dergleichen zu betreiben.It is also possible to operate tiled stoves with coal, such as coke and the like.

Brennmaterial dieser Art erfordert den Einsatz von Rosten, die die Verbrennungsluft von der Unterseite her durchströmt, da nur auf diese Weise die für die Verbrennungsvorgänge notwendigen Sauerstoffmengen zugeführt werden können.Fuel of this type requires the use of grates through which the combustion air flows from the underside, since only in this way can the quantities of oxygen necessary for the combustion processes be supplied.

Im folgenden ist unter Brennstoffen für die Verbrennung mit Rost Kohle jeglicher Art, d.h. jede Art von Brennmaterial zu verstehen, das den Einsatz eines Rostes erforderlich macht.In the following, among fuels for combustion with rust, coal of any kind, i.e. to understand any type of fuel that requires the use of a grate.

Es ist bereits bekannt, Kachelöfen wahlweise mit festen Brennstoffen für die rostlose Verbrennung und mit festen Brennstoffen für die Verbrennung mit Rost zu betreiben ( DB-PS 346 839 ).It is already known to optionally operate tiled stoves with solid fuels for rust-free combustion and with solid fuels for combustion with rust (DB-PS 346 839).

Diese Kachelöfen weisen eine Beschickungstür auf, die im unteren Bereich Schlitze für die Luftzufuhr hat. Die Sohle des Verbrennungsraumes liegt niedriger als die untere Kante des Rahmens der Beschickungstür, mit der sie über eine schräge Rampe verbunden ist.These tiled stoves have a loading door that has slots for the air supply in the lower area. The bottom of the combustion chamber is lower than the lower edge of the frame of the loading door, with which it is connected via an inclined ramp.

Zum Betreiben dieser Kachelöfen mit festen Brennstoffen für die Verbrennung mit Rost wird in den Verbrennungsraum ein Einsatz eingeschoben, der aus einem Rost und einem sich daran anschließenden Leitblech besteht.To operate these tiled stoves with solid fuels for combustion with rust, an insert is inserted into the combustion chamber, which consists of a grate and an adjoining baffle.

Nach dem Einschieben des Einsatzes ist der Rost horizontal in Höhe der Unterkante des Rahmens der Beschickungstür angeordnet,, stützt sich an einem Vorsprung der feuerfesten Auskleidung ab und endet mit Abstand vor der Beschickungstür, während die Leitfläche bis an die Beschickungstür so herangeführt ist, daß ihre Kante gegen sie oberhalb der Schlitze ansteht. Die Leitfläche bewirkt zusammen mit den Schlitz eine Luftzufuhr zur Unterseite des Rostes wie es bei Kohleöfen üblich ist.After inserting the insert, the grate is arranged horizontally at the lower edge of the frame of the loading door, is supported on a projection of the refractory lining and ends at a distance from the loading door, while the guide surface is brought up to the loading door in such a way that its Edge against them above the slots. The guide surface, together with the slot, provides an air supply to the underside of the grate, as is usual with coal ovens.

Abgesehen davon, daß dieser Einsatz an eine besondere Konstruktion des Kachelofens gebunden ist, besteht der wesentliche Nachteil darin, daß der Einsatz die Strömungsverhältnisse im Verbrennungsraum entscheidend beeinflußt, der entweder optimal für den rostlosen Betrieb oder optimal für einen Betrieb mit Rost ausgelegt ist.Apart from the fact that this insert is tied to a special design of the tiled stove, the main disadvantage is that the insert has a decisive influence on the flow conditions in the combustion chamber, which is either optimally designed for rust-free operation or optimally for operation with rust.

Ein weiterer wesentlicher Nachteil ergibt sich dadurch, daß beim Einbringen von Kohle und dergleichen das eingebrachte Brennmaterial eine Schüttung aufweist, die einen von der Beschickungstür in Richtung zur gegenüberliegenden Innenwandung des Verbrennungsraumes eine abfallende Keilflächeaufweist, so daß ein unregelmäßiger Abbrand sich einstellt, da der geringste Strömungswiderstand für die von der Untereite des Rostes einströmende Luft im Bereich dieser Innenwandung bedingt durch die geringste Schütthöhe herrscht, so daß in diesem Bereich das Brennmaterial am schnellsten abbrennt und die Glutzone nur relativ langsam in Richtung zur Beschickungstür wandert.Another major disadvantage arises from the fact that when coal and the like are introduced, the fuel material introduced has a bed which has a wedge surface that slopes away from the loading door in the direction of the opposite inner wall of the combustion chamber, so that irregular combustion occurs because the least flow resistance occurs for the air flowing in from the underside of the grate in the area of this inner wall due to the lowest dumping height, so that the fuel burns away fastest in this area and the glowing zone moves relatively slowly towards the loading door.

Im Bereich der Leitfläche kann sich jedoch keine optimale Verbrennungstemperatur einstellen, da sie aufgrund ihrer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit einen erheblich Teil der Wärme abführt.However, no optimal combustion temperature can be set in the area of the guide surface, since it dissipates a considerable part of the heat due to its high thermal conductivity.

Zusätzlich wird nach längerem Abbrand im Bereich der der Beschickungstür gegenüber liegenden Innenwandung des Verbrennungsraumes der Rost mehr oder weniger schnell von der durchfallenden Asche freigegegben, so daß die der Unterseite des Rostes zuströmende Luft in zwei Luftströme unterteilt wird, nämlich in einen ersten, der in diesem Bereich ungenutzt den Verbrennungsraum über den Abzug verläßt und in einen zweiten, der den Sauerstoff für die Verbrennung im Bereich der Beschickungstür zuführt.In addition, after a long burn in the area of the inner wall of the combustion chamber opposite the loading door, the grate is more or less quickly released by the ash falling through, so that the air flowing into the underside of the grate is divided into two air flows, namely a first one, which is in this Area unused leaves the combustion chamber via the fume cupboard and into a second, which supplies the oxygen for combustion in the area of the loading door.

Es stellen sich somit instationäre Betriebsbedingungen ein, die einen optimalen und definierten Betrieb eines derartigen Kachelofens ausschließen.This results in unsteady operating conditions that preclude optimal and defined operation of such a tiled stove.

Es sind weiterhin Feuerungseinsätze für Öfen bekannt ( DB-PS 635 589 ), die aus einem quaderförmigen Gehäuse bestehen, dessen Unterseite einen Rost und dessen Bedienungseite eine rostartig ausgebildete Bedienungstür aufweist. Der Feuerungseinsatz wird auf Tragschienen in den Ofen eingeschoben. Er weist unterhalb des Rostes einen in Schienen geführten Achekasten auf. Dieser Feuerungseinsatz dient zum erleichterten Warten der Öfen.Furnace inserts for furnaces are also known (DB-PS 635 589), which consist of a cuboid housing, the underside of which has a grate and the operating side of which has a rust-like operating door. The furnace insert is pushed into the furnace on mounting rails. It has an axle box guided in rails below the grate. This firing insert serves to facilitate the maintenance of the furnaces.

Es sind weiterhin Zimmer- bzw. Kochherde zum Betreiben mit Holz bekannt ( DB-PS 814 782 ). Der Rost ist verschiebbar geführt und weist gegenüberliegend zur Beschickungstür eine schräg anstehende Platte auf, die mit einer zweiten schräg anstehenden Platte des Ofens unter Bildung eines sich nach oben öffnenden Trichters zusammenarbeitet. Durch die Änderung des gegeneitigen Abstandes der beiden Platten ergibt sich eine Regelung der Luftzufuhr, die entsprechend den Abmessungen der Holzscheite eingestellt wird.There are also known cookers for cooking with wood (DB-PS 814 782). The grate is guided in a displaceable manner and, opposite the loading door, has a sloping plate which cooperates with a second sloping plate of the furnace to form a funnel which opens upwards. By changing the mutual distance between the two plates there is a regulation of the air supply, which is adjusted according to the dimensions of the logs.

Es sind weiterhin Feuerungseinsätze für Kachelöfen bekannt (DE-C-626 373), deren Rost Schenkel aufweist, so daß ein Einsatz mit U-förmigem, sich nach unten öffnendem Querschnitt geschaffen ist. In den unterhalb des Rostes geschaffenen zwischenraum wird ein Aschenkasten eingeschoben, so daß aus einem noch heißen Kachelofen die Asche entnommen werden kann.Furnace inserts for tiled stoves are also known (DE-C-626 373), the grate of which has legs, so that an insert with a U-shaped, downwardly opening cross section is created. An ash pan is inserted into the space created below the grate so that the ash can be removed from a tiled stove that is still hot.

Es sind weiterhin kombinierte Holz-Kohleöfen bekannt, die einen Einsatz aus einer Rosteinheit und einer oberhalb dieser Rosteinheit im Ofen anzuordnenden Füllschachteinheit für den Kohlebetrieb aufweisen, während für einen Betrieb mit Holz diese Einsätze entfernt werden.Combined wood-coal ovens are also known which have an insert from a grate unit and a filling chute unit to be arranged in the furnace above this grate unit for the coal operation, while these operations are removed for operation with wood.

Aus der DE-U-8 431 615 ist ein Heizofen bekannt, welcher ebenfalls zur kombinierten Verbrennung mit Rost und rostlosen Verbrennung geeignet ist. Dieser Ofen weist neben seinen beiden durch einen herausnehmbaren Rost abgetrennten Brennebenen einen Aschenkasten unterhalb der unteren Brennebene auf. Ein solcher Aschenkasten, welcher durch einen nicht herausnehmbaren Rost vom unteren Brennraum getrennt ist, weist jedoch hinsichtlich des Wirkungsgrades eines Ofens beträchtliche Nachteile auf. Je nach Größe des verwendeten Rostes fallen immer wieder Teile der Glut in den Aschenkasten, sobald sie die Gittergröße unterschritten haben. Im Aschenkasten bekommen sie keinen Sauerstoff zugefügt und erlöschen, obwohl Sie mit zugefügtem Sauerstoff noch weiter verbrennen könnten.A heating furnace is known from DE-U-8 431 615, which is also suitable for combined combustion with rust and rust-free combustion. In addition to its two focal planes separated by a removable grate, this furnace has an ash pan below the lower focal plane. Such an ashtray, which is separated from the lower combustion chamber by a grate that cannot be removed, has considerable disadvantages with regard to the efficiency of an oven. Depending on the size of the grate used, parts of the embers repeatedly fall into the ashtray as soon as they fall below the grid size. In the ashtray, they do not get any oxygen and go out, although you could still burn with added oxygen.

Abgesehen von der aufwendigen konstruktiven Lösung besteht der Nachteil im wesentlichen darin, daß die Strömungsverhältnisse im Ofen entscheidend davon abhängen, ob er einen Einsatz aufweist bzw. nicht. Insoweit kann eine Auslegung nur für den optimalen Kohlebetrieb oder den optimalen Holzbetrieb erfolgen, es sei denn, daß von vornherein der Ofen als Kompromißlösung für beide Betriebsarten ausgelegt ist.Apart from the complex design solution, the disadvantage is essentially that the flow conditions in the furnace depend crucially on whether it has an insert or not. In this respect, a design can only be made for the optimal coal operation or the optimal wood operation, unless the furnace is designed from the outset as a compromise solution for both operating modes.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Kachelofeneinsatz zum wahlweisen Betrieb mit bzw. ohne Rost zu schaffen, der für beide Betriebsarten jeweils optimale Strömungsverhältnisse für die zuzuführende Verbrennungsluft sicherstellt.The invention has for its object to provide a tiled stove for optional operation with or without grate, which ensures optimal flow conditions for the combustion air to be supplied for both operating modes.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, der Kachelofeneinsatz auf seiner Beschickungsseite eine erste Beschickungstür zum Einbringen von festen Brennstoffen für die rostlose Verbrennung in der unteren Brennebene und oberhalb dieser Beschickungstür eine weitere Beschickungstür zum Einbringen von festen Brennstoffen für die Verbrennung mit Rost in der oberen Brennebene aufweist und daß bei herausgenommenem Rost die Verbrennung in der unteren Brennebene unmittelbar auf dem Ofenboden erfolgt.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the tiled stove insert has on its loading side a first loading door for introducing solid fuels for rust-free combustion in the lower focal plane and above this loading door a further loading door for introducing solid fuels for combustion with rust in the upper focal plane and that when the grate is removed, the combustion takes place in the lower focal plane directly on the furnace floor.

Durch diese Maßnahmen wird erreicht, daß zwei Kachelöfeneinsätze geschaffen sind, die gewissermaßen übereinander angeordnet, in eine Baueinheit integriert sind, die sowohl für den Betrieb mit Rost und den Betrieb ohne Rost jeweils optimale Strömungsverhältnisseund jeweils einen optimalen Wirkungsgrad aufweist. Erfindungswesentlich ist, daß der erfindungsgemäße Kachelofeneinsatz zwei Beschickungstüren aufweist, so daß unter entsprechender Bemessung des Innenquerschnitts des Verbrennungsraumes, der Höhe des Verbrennungsraumes und des gegeneitigen Abstandes der beiden Bedienungstüren und der Anordnung des Rostes in entsprechender Höhe im Bereich zwischen den beiden Beschickungstüren optimale Strömungsverhältnisse für beide Betriebsarten vorgegeben werden können. Erfindungswesentlich ist auch, daß für den Betrieb ohne Rost, der Rost aus dem Bereich zwischen den beiden Bedienungstüren entfernt werden kann und keine Einbauten , als Aufnahme für den Rost die Strömungsverhältnisse stören. Aus diesem Grunde weist der Bereich des Verbrenunngsraumes zwischen den beiden Beschickungstüren lediglich Vorsprünge und keine durchgehende Halteprofile auf.These measures ensure that two tiled stove inserts are created, which are arranged one above the other, so to speak, and are integrated in a structural unit that has optimal flow conditions and optimum efficiency both for operation with rust and for operation without rust. It is essential to the invention that the tiled stove insert according to the invention has two loading doors, so that, with appropriate dimensioning of the internal cross section of the combustion chamber, the height of the combustion chamber and the mutual distance between the two operating doors and the arrangement of the grate at a corresponding height in the area between the two loading doors, optimum flow conditions for both Operating modes can be specified. It is also essential to the invention that, for operation without grate, the grate can be removed from the area between the two operating doors and no built-in elements, as receptacles for the grate, disrupt the flow conditions. For this reason, the area of the combustion chamber between the two loading doors only has protrusions and no continuous holding profiles.

Die Vorsprünge sind erfindungswesentlich, damit der Rost angehoben, im Verbrennungraum verschwenkt werden und von den Vorsprüngen freikommen kann, so daß er durch die Beschickungstür zum Einbringen von festen Brennstoffen aus dem Kachelofeneinsatz entnommen werden kann.The projections are essential to the invention so that the grate can be raised, pivoted in the combustion chamber and released from the projections so that it can be removed from the tiled stove insert through the loading door for the introduction of solid fuels.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung hat der Rost zur Ausbildung eines Glutkorbes im Bereich des Verbrennungsraumes zwischen den beiden Beschickungstüren einen in Richtung zur Sohle der feuerfesten Auskleidung sich verjüngenden Querschnitt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the grate for the formation of an ember basket in the area of the combustion chamber between the two loading doors has a cross section which tapers in the direction of the base of the refractory lining.

Unter einem Glutkorb im Sinne der Erfindung ist zu verstehen, daß der Rost keine ebenes Gebilde ist, sondern vielmehr dreidimensional ausgebildet ist.An ember basket in the sense of the invention is to be understood that the grate is not a flat structure, but rather is three-dimensional.

Durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, daß sich stationäre Betriebsbedingungen einstellen, da aufgrund des gebildeten Glutkorbes kein einseitiger Abbrand mehr erfolgen kann, der zur Folge hätte, daß Bereiche des Rostes frei werden und sich ein in Richtung zum Abzugskamin ungenutzt durch den Rost strömender Luftstrom ausbildet.This measure ensures that steady-state operating conditions are established since, due to the embers basket formed, no one-sided erosion can occur, which would result in areas of the grate becoming free and an air stream flowing unused through the grate in the direction of the chimney.

Gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsprinzip ist der Rost als Pyramidenstumpf ausgebildet, indem beispielsweise entlang der Kanten eine Pyramidenstumpfes Profilabschnitte angeordnet sind, die mit zur Grundfläche parallelen weiteren Profilabschnitten verschweißt sind.According to a first embodiment principle, the grate is designed as a truncated pyramid, for example in that a truncated pyramid is arranged along the edges of profile sections which are welded to further profile sections parallel to the base area.

Gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsprinzip weist der Rost in der vertikalen und zur Bedienungsseite unter 90° verlaufenden Ebene einen trapezartigen Umriß mit freien Endabschnitten auf.According to a second design principle, the grate has a trapezoidal outline with free end sections in the vertical plane which extends at 90 ° to the operating side.

Gemäß einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel dieses Ausführungprinzips besteht der Rost aus zwei Profilen und sie verbindenden Profilabschnitten, wobei die Profile jeweils einen Steg mit abgewinkelten Schenkeln aufweisen. Die Herstellung erfolgt am einfachsten dadurch, daß die beiden Endabschnitte eines Rostes von rechteckigem ebenem Umriß aus der Ebene abgewinkelt werden, so daß die beiden Stege mit den abgewinkelten Schenkeln gebildet werden.According to a preferred embodiment of this design principle, the grate consists of two profiles and profile sections connecting them, the profiles each having a web with angled legs. The easiest way to manufacture is that the two end portions of a grate be angled from the plane by a rectangular, flat outline, so that the two webs are formed with the angled legs.

In einer noch weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weistder Rost nach dem ersten bzw. dem zweiten Ausführungsprinzip in seinem zur Brennraumsohle parallelen Bereich einen Rüttelrost auf, sodaß nach längerem Betrieb Asche zur Herabsetzung des Strömungswiderstandes entfernt werden kann.In a still further embodiment of the invention, the grate according to the first or the second embodiment principle has a vibrating grate in its area parallel to the combustion chamber base, so that ash can be removed after a long period of operation in order to reduce the flow resistance.

Damit der Rost entfernt und der Rüttelrost betätigt werden kann weist in einer noch weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung der Kachelofeneinsatz eine in einen Ansatz des Rüttelrostes einhängbare Betätigungsstange auf die von dem Kachelofeneinsatz geführt ist.So that the grate can be removed and the vibrating grate can be actuated, in a still further embodiment of the invention the tiled stove insert has an actuating rod which can be suspended in an attachment of the vibrating grate and which is guided by the tiled stove insert.

In einer noch weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Rost auf seiner Unterseite beabstandete Führungen für einen einschiebbaren Aschekasten zum Auffangen der Asche auf.In a still further embodiment of the invention, the grate on its underside has spaced guides for an insertable ash box for collecting the ashes.

Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung anhand von Ausführungbeispielen erläutert.The invention is illustrated in the drawing using exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
einen Schnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines schematisch dargestellten Kachelofens, wobei die Schnittebene senkrecht zur Beschickungsseite verläuft,
Figur 2
die feuerfeste Ausmauerung des Kachelofens in Figur 1 in vereinfachter perspektivischer Darstellung mit dem Rost,
Figur 3
ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel für den Rost.
Show it:
Figure 1
2 shows a section through an exemplary embodiment of a schematically illustrated tiled stove, the section plane running perpendicular to the loading side,
Figure 2
the refractory lining of the tiled stove in Figure 1 in a simplified perspective view with the grate,
Figure 3
a second embodiment for the grate.

In Figur 1 ist mit 1 das Ausführungsbeispiel des Kachelofens bezeichnet, der im Schnitt senkreckt zur Beschickungsseite in schematischer Darstellung gezeigt ist.In FIG. 1, 1 denotes the exemplary embodiment of the tiled stove, which is shown in a diagrammatic representation in cross section to the loading side.

Der Kachelofen besteht aus eine keramischen Außenschale 2, die unter Ausbildung von Luftkanälen 3 in Abstand zu der Gußwandung 4 angeordnet ist.The tiled stove consists of a ceramic outer shell 2, which is arranged at a distance from the cast wall 4 with the formation of air channels 3.

Die Gußwandung weist Rippen 5 zur Vergrößerung der Abstrahlfläche auf, sowie auf ihrer von der keramischen Außenschale abgewandten Seite eine feuerfeste Auskleidung 6, die die Wandung des Verbrennungsraumes 7 bildet. Sie weist weiterhin in ihrem Deckenbereich einen Rauchgasstutzen 8 für die abziehenden Verbrennungsgase auf, die einem nicht dargestellten Kamin zugeleitet werden.The cast wall has ribs 5 to increase the radiation area, and on its side facing away from the ceramic outer shell, a refractory lining 6, which forms the wall of the combustion chamber 7. It also has in its ceiling area a flue gas connection 8 for the exhausting combustion gases which are fed to a chimney, not shown.

Die Beschickungsseite, die mit 9 bezeichnet ist, weist eine untere Beschickungstür 10 zum Einbringen von festen Brennstoffen für die Verbrennung ohne Rost auf und oberhalb dieser eine Beschickungstür 11 zum Einbringen von festen Brennstoffen für die Verbrennung mit Rost auf.The loading side, which is designated by 9, has a lower loading door 10 for introducing solid fuels for the combustion without rust and above this a loading door 11 for introducing solid fuels for the combustion with rust.

Für den Betrieb mit Rost ist in der Verbrennungskammer im Bereich zwischen den beiden Beschickungstüren ein Rost 12 angeordnet, der unter Ausbildung eines Glutkorbes in der Zeichnungebene den Umriß eines Trapezes hat.For operation with grate, a grate 12 is arranged in the combustion chamber in the area between the two loading doors, which has the outline of a trapezoid with the formation of an ember basket in the plane of the drawing.

Zu diesem Zwecke sind Profile 13 vorgesehen, die einen Steg 14 mit abgewinkelten Schenkeln 15 und 16 aufweisen. Diese Profile sind mit Profilabschnitten verschweißt, die im einfachsten Falle Flach- bzw. Rundprofilabschnitten 17 verschweißt (vgl. Figur 2), bzw.ist der Rost aus Eisenguß hergestellt.For this purpose, profiles 13 are provided, which have a web 14 with angled legs 15 and 16. These profiles are welded to profile sections, which in the simplest case weld flat or round profile sections 17 (see FIG. 2), or the grate is made of cast iron.

Aus Figur 1 ist ersichtlich, daß die größte Umrißfläche des erfindungsgemäßen Rostes dem lichten Querschnitt des Verbrennungsraumes im Bereich zwischen den beiden Beschickungstüren entspricht. Zum Arretieren des Rostes weist die Gußwandung in den Verbrennungsraum ragende Vorsprünge 17′ und 18′ auf, an denen sich die freien Endabschnitte der Schenkel 15 bzw.16 abstützen.From Figure 1 it can be seen that the largest contour area of the grate according to the invention corresponds to the clear cross section of the combustion chamber in the area between the two loading doors. To lock the grate, the cast wall in the combustion chamber protruding projections 17 'and 18', on which the free end portions of the legs 15 and 16 are supported.

Die Breite des Rostes , d.h.seine Erstreckung in der zur Zeichnngsebene senkrechten Richtung entspricht der Breite der Verbrennungskammer, gegen deren Innenwandung sich die beiden äußeren Profile, von denen nur eines sichtbar ist, anstehen.The width of the grate, i.e. its extension in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing corresponds to the width of the combustion chamber, against the inner wall of which the two outer profiles, of which only one is visible, are in contact.

Zum rostlosen Betreiben des Kachelofens wird der Rost in Richtung zum Abgasstutzen angehoben, so daß er von den Vorsprüngen 17′ und 18′ freikommt. Anschließend wird er um eine Achse senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene verschwenkt und durch die untere Beschickungstür aus dem Verbrennungsraum entfernt, die zu diesem Zwecke die Breite des Verbrennungsraumes aufweist.For rustless operation of the tiled stove, the grate is raised in the direction of the exhaust pipe so that it is released from the projections 17 'and 18'. It is then pivoted about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and removed from the combustion chamber through the lower loading door, which for this purpose has the width of the combustion chamber.

Die Figur 2 zeigt in perspektivischer und vereinfachter Darstellung die feuerfeste Auskleidung des Kachelofens mit dem Rost der Figur 1.FIG. 2 shows a perspective and simplified representation of the refractory lining of the tiled stove with the grate of FIG. 1.

Gleiche Teile sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.The same parts are labeled with the same reference numerals.

In Abwandlung der Figur 1 zeigen die Seitenwände 19 und 20 der Gußwandung im Bereich der beiden äußeren Stege des Rostes Haltelaschen 21 und 22 auf, auf denen der Rost ruht.In a modification of FIG. 1, the side walls 19 and 20 of the cast wall in the area of the two outer webs of the grate show holding tabs 21 and 22 on which the grate rests.

Figur 3 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungbeispiel für einen Rost, der mit 25 bzeichnet und nach Art eines Pyramidenstumpfes ausgebildet ist. An den Kanten des Pyramidenstumpfes sind Profilabschnitte 30 bis 41 angeordnet, die mit querverlaufenden Profilabschnitten 38 unterschiedlicher Länge verschweißt sind.FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a grate, which is labeled 25 and is designed in the manner of a truncated pyramid. At the edges of the truncated pyramid, profile sections 30 to 41 are arranged, which are welded to transverse profile sections 38 of different lengths.

Mit den unteren Profilen sind Winkelprofile 39 und 40 veschweißt, die eine Führung für einen Aschekasten bilden.Angle profiles 39 and 40 are welded to the lower profiles, which form a guide for an ash pan.

Der Rost nach Figur 3 ruht auf den einander gegenüberliegend angeordneten Arretierungen 42 und 43, die ebenfalls von der Gußwandung aus in den Verbrennungsraum ragen.The grate according to FIG. 3 rests on the detents 42 and 43 arranged opposite one another, which likewise protrude from the cast wall into the combustion chamber.

Der Rost nach Figur 3 wird in der gleichen Weise aus dem Kachelofen entfernt wie anhand der Figur 2 beschrieben ist.The grate according to FIG. 3 is removed from the tiled stove in the same way as described with reference to FIG. 2.

Der untere horizontale Bereich 44 des Rostes weist einen Rüttelrost 45 mit einer einhängbaren Rüttelstange auf.The lower horizontal region 44 of the grate has a vibrating grate 45 with a hookable vibrating rod.

Claims (8)

  1. A tile stove insert having a combustion chamber having two superimposed combustion levels separated by a removable grate (12) borne by projections (17′, 18′) of the inner stove wall and at least one charging door for the optional combustion of coal or wood, characterized in that on its charging side (9) the tile stove insert has a first charging door (10) for the introduction of solid fuels for grateless combustion in the lower combustion level, and above said charging door (10) a further charging door (11) for the introduction of solid fuels for combustion with the grate in the upper combustion level, combustion in the lower combustion level taking place directly on the stove floor when the grate (12) is removed.
  2. A tile stove insert according to claim 1, characterized in that to form a fire basket, in the zone between the two charging doors (10, 11) the grate (12) has a cross-section which tapers in the direction of the hearth of the combustion space.
  3. A tile stove insert according to claim 2, characterized in that the grate (12) takes the form of a truncated pyramid.
  4. A tile stove insert according to claim 2, characterized in that in the vertical plane extending at 90° to the operating side the grate (12) has a trapezoidal outline with free end portions.
  5. A tile stove insert according to claim 4, characterized in that the grate has two sections (13) which are connected by section portions (17), the sections each having a web (14) with bent arms (15, 16).
  6. A tile stove insert according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in its zone parallel with the hearth of the combustion space the grate has a riddling grate (45).
  7. A tile stove insert according to claim 6, characterized in that the riddling grate (45) has a latchable riddling rod (46).
  8. A tile stove insert according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the grid (12) has spaced-out guides (39, 40) for an insertable ash box (41).
EP87101832A 1986-02-10 1987-02-10 Removable grate for a tiled stove for a selective running with or without a grate Expired - Lifetime EP0232900B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3604116 1986-02-10
DE19863604116 DE3604116A1 (en) 1986-02-10 1986-02-10 TILE STOVE INSERT FOR OPTIONAL OPERATION WITH OR WITHOUT RUST

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0232900A2 EP0232900A2 (en) 1987-08-19
EP0232900A3 EP0232900A3 (en) 1988-12-07
EP0232900B1 true EP0232900B1 (en) 1994-11-02

Family

ID=6293784

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87101832A Expired - Lifetime EP0232900B1 (en) 1986-02-10 1987-02-10 Removable grate for a tiled stove for a selective running with or without a grate

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0232900B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE113707T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3604116A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE244461C (en) *
DE1632948U (en) * 1951-10-22 1951-12-27 Max Wassermann BASKET.
FR1328762A (en) * 1962-07-13 1963-05-31 Fireplace grid to obtain double heating and improve the draft
WO1981002621A1 (en) * 1980-03-07 1981-09-17 Dalso Maskinfabrik Af 1976 As Woodburning stove,fireplace or the like
FR2527315A1 (en) * 1982-05-24 1983-11-25 Cesa Valentin Double hearth burner using solid fuel - has either one or both hearths operating according to heat required
US4502462A (en) * 1982-11-12 1985-03-05 Brent Lawrence Wood stove
DE8431615U1 (en) * 1984-10-27 1985-01-31 Fidanosch AG, Evilard HEATER FOR SOLID FUELS

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0232900A2 (en) 1987-08-19
DE3750700D1 (en) 1994-12-08
ATE113707T1 (en) 1994-11-15
DE3604116A1 (en) 1987-08-13
EP0232900A3 (en) 1988-12-07

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