DE19537843A1 - Stove supply air distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

The supply air feeder (21) lies in the base of the combustion space (3) between the sidewall (10-13) and the interior (60) of the combustion space. The feeder has several flow apertures (49,50) which are spaced out and/or set at different levels for the supply air. The feeder deflects the supply air into several combustion space areas at different levels using an air channel set normal and spaced from the feeder to spread the incoming air across the wall width parallel to the base plate (8). This distribution channel lies open to the combustion space cover plate (7) so as to be joined via the apertures (49,50) to the interior (60), using hole-allocated regulating valves or regulators coupled to adjusters and a control transducer within the combustion space so as to record temperatures, gases and velocity etc. The bottom edge (33) of the feeder partition (23) facing the base is at specified vertical spacing from and above the base plate or standing surface, and is joined to a relatively vertical support strip placed in and held on the combustion space and/or stove body (2). A base guide plate (24) between the support strips (25,26) extends towards the partition (23) as fitted out with the flow apertures (49,50) at its opposite ends.

Description

The invention relates to a supply air distribution device for the combustion air of Heaters as described in the preamble of claim 1 like a method for supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber Heating device as described in the preamble of claim 31.

There are already various supply air distribution devices for heating devices knows. In the supply air distribution device known from DE-A-44 03 615 the heating device has a combustion chamber which consists of a tubular or hollow cuboid migen jacket, a combustion chamber floor and a combustion chamber cover plate is set, and a flue gas outlet. To refill fuel is in the Combustion chamber jacket a loading opening arranged by means of a combustion chamber  door can be locked. In the interior enclosed by the combustion chamber an air supply duct is arranged on a side wall and at least one against the burner has floor outlet opening and over openings, as well as given if necessary, these breakthroughs in the combustion chamber cladding are pre-arranged Interposition of a supply air control device in connection with the ambient air stands. It is also possible that the supply air distribution duct on the inside of a Combustion chamber door is arranged. The supply air distribution device includes the Zu air distribution duct and possibly the supply air control device on the burner room floor supported or placed air supply device on a foot section. On this foot part is at a distance from the side wall of the combustion chamber jacket or the combustion chamber door extends in the direction of the combustion chamber cover plate Partition arranged. Between the partition and the combustion chamber jacket or An air distribution duct is formed in the combustion chamber door in the area of the combustion chamber floor is connected to the interior of the combustion chamber via an opening. The Partition is thus in verti with its lower edge facing the combustion chamber floor kal direction at a distance above the foot section and vertical support elements connected. At the foot part a floor guide plate is also arranged extends in the direction of the combustion chamber cover plate of the combustion chamber and opposite Outer jacket with increasing distance from the combustion chamber floor to the interior of the combustion chamber is inclined. This means that the air supplied from the supply air distribution duct can be counteracted Cold supply air in the manner of an air supply above the flue gases in the interior of the combustion chamber slopes along the side wall down to the area of the supply air duct sink and there is further warming due to the train difference between the central area of the combustion chamber and its edge areas along the side walls de fed into the combustion area of the fuel. This could help an arrangement of the supply air guiding device in the area of a combustion chamber door with clear sight glass deposition of combustible components on the inside of the burner room doors can be prevented, the proportion of pollutants in the outflowing smoke gases however, was still relatively high.

Furthermore, it has also been suggested, among other things, that a combined primary and secondary air control device to be provided in the area of the ash drawer - according to DE- OS-39 03 739 -, depending on the position of the control device, part of the supplied Verify fresh air via distribution channels in the area above the firebox doors was brought in to fall down into the combustion chamber from there. Have in itself such supply air systems have proven themselves, an even distribution of the supply air, in particular special of the secondary air in the area of the grate plate in heaters that in  Top view has a circular, polygonal or rectangular cross section However, this was not always guaranteed, especially when the screen was very different length of the side walls.

The present invention is therefore based on the task of supply air distribution to create a facility in which a supply of combustion air in the combustion area of the fuel is improved and an even burn-off with reduced Pollutant emissions are reached.

This object of the invention is achieved by the characterizing part of the claim 1 specified features solved. By the arrangement from the side and / or the Height after offset flow openings for this supply air can be a spatial increase The supply air is divided in the combustion chamber, and parts of the supply air can be the more usual flow from areas from which the supply air for the secondary air supply ver is used as primary air.

Another form of further training, with which an independent solution, is also advantageous the above object is possible, as in the characterizing part of the patent Claim 2 is described. This creates a cascaded distribution of the led supply air in the combustion area of the fuels reached, which means over the total an evenly distributed supply air supply can be achieved in the th an immediate ignition of the combustible gases emerging from the fuels on the one hand and an adequate oxygen supply to completely burn them up on the other hand. This also ensures that primary ignitions of combustible gases in the area of the secondary air supply are secured, so that the Afterburning in the area of the supply of secondary air is ensured.

However, an embodiment variant according to claim 3 is also advantageous, since a zen central supply of the supply air is made possible, both a withdrawal of supply air and Se secondary air as well as primary air, with the favorable use of the physical properties of the air the temperature control of the incoming air is easily possible.

Another advantageous development describes claim 4, whereby the ent supply air descending along the side wall as an air curtain without mechanical drives can be divided into different areas of the interior of the combustion chamber.  

An embodiment variant according to claim 5 enables a fine adjustment of the Air flows in the different areas of the combustion chamber, in which for example, after commissioning the heating device, the individual areas of the Air volume supplied to the interior of the combustion chamber can be adjusted and adjusted can.

However, it is also advantageous to use a further development according to claim 6, because this ensures an optimal distribution of the feeds during heating operation supply air in the primary air and / or secondary air components is possible.

However, it is also advantageous if the supply air distribution device is located in the area of the Combustion chamber floor arranged or supported supply air guide device, such as it is described in the preamble of claim 7. This supply air distribution direction is characterized by the features in the characterizing part of claim 7 draws. The advantage of this solution is that now at least a part of the supplied combustion air, which sinks into the area of the combustion chamber floor, is scarce above the combustion chamber floor in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber jacket at the In is guided along the side of the combustion chamber jacket and there depending on the prevailing Vacuum and temperature conditions distributed in the flue gas area of the burner flows in and thus favors the burning. At the same time it becomes a part the supply air that is on the inner surface of the combustion chamber jacket in the direction of the supply air duct device drops, due to the faster heating in the area burned layers of air before entering the supply air distribution duct between the Partition wall and the combustion chamber jacket in the combustion area of the combustible gases drawn in and supports the complete combustion of the until then unburned, flammable gases. The surprising advantage of this solution is that that through this targeted supply of supply air to the gasification area, the proportion of not completely burned combustible gases, especially nitrogen oxides, so strong can be reduced that the combustible gases supplied in the combustion area Supply air is sufficient to burn these almost completely and with low emissions To achieve gases.

Furthermore, this assignment of the supply air control device, which in the End faces of the fuel escaping combustible gases, immediately after their Outlet mixed well with the oxygen supplied through the supply air, which an early ignition and as complete a combustion as possible of the emerging flammable gases can be achieved.  

According to a development in claim 8, a simple alignment and Positioning of the air supply device achieved.

But it is also an assignment of the supply air control device according to the training possible according to claim 9, whereby a simple adaptation to different Design requests are possible.

An embodiment according to claim 10 is also advantageous, since it has a greater depth, seen from the associated side wall, as an air curtain falling supply air can be fed into the cross-distribution duct. At the same time but also ensures that if the incoming air in the area along the streak chens on the partition is heated too much and the direction of flow changes returns and rises in the direction of the combustion chamber inner shell, this does not directly in can flow from the embers, but by the inclination of the partition in the Be range of the tips of the flames is deflected, so that a momentary increase in the Reversing air flow temperature with high security only as Se secondary air is used.

A further embodiment according to claim 11 is also advantageous, since it does the increasing air volume in the cross-distribution duct is taken into account without that there is an air jam, and on the other hand, an adaptation to difference Liche cross-sectional shapes of the combustion chamber jacket is possible.

Due to the design of the partition according to claim 12, it is advantageous Possible way that the hot flue gases abge from the inflowing air curtain are steered so that the supply air in the area of the air curtain heats up too quickly is prevented or reduced.

A further development according to claim 13 is also advantageous, since this increases the supply simply led supply air over a larger circumferential area of the combustion chamber cross section can be distributed.

However, an embodiment variant according to claim 14 is also possible since there due to its shape, the flow velocity increases over the air curtain guided and easy to distribute air to the embers or the combustion chamber can be regulated.  

The advantageous development according to claim 15 ensures that a as small a proportion of the supply air as possible from the area of the supply air control device device can flow against the direction of flow into the combustion chamber.

Better ducting of the supply air in the area of the embers can be achieved by the embodiment according to claim 16, because about the side cheek an exact alignment of the air flow to different loading rich of the embers is possible.

In the case of furnaces with higher output, a variant according to Patentan Prove 17 advantageous, because it not only in the basic embers area, also in the gasification area of the fuel, but also in the area of the Pri March air supply air that acts as primary air can easily be supplied.

The advanced training also helps to ensure that the supply air is cheap Claim 18 achievable.

Due to the advantageous embodiment according to claims 19 and 20, a Swirling of the supply air in the transition area between the support webs and the Partition or the partition and the top or bottom baffle prevented.

Through the embodiment according to claim 21, the formation of flow swirling the supply air in the combustion chamber area switched off.

A simple division between the flow through and the Air supply ducts to the supply air is through the design variant according to the patent Claim 22 achievable.

Further training according to patent improves the control of the supply air Claim 23 achievable.

In an embodiment variant according to claim 24, the interaction ken the transverse distribution channel with the support webs a corresponding air build-up in front of the Passage of the supply air through the flow openings achieved, the higher heating allows the supply air in the area of the outgassing, thereby the outgassing of the Fuel with a lower proportion of pollutants and thus also the Verrin  reduction in chemical resistance or combustion resistance to combustion can be achieved.

A cheaper supply of the flowing down in the edge area of the air curtain Air in the side areas of the combustion chamber is also possible through a variant achievable according to claim 25.

A supply and space which favors the multi-stage combustion of the fuel Lich distributed introduction of the supply air over the interior of the combustion chamber is through an embodiment according to claim 26 easy to achieve.

A further advantageous embodiment according to claim 27 enables a simple Direction of the supply air in the areas of the embers.

A uniform inflow of the supply air at two different height levels in the embers are made possible by the training according to claim 28.

An embodiment according to patent claim 29 is also advantageous, since this means that a drove the supply air according to a multi-stage combustion in an advantageous manner divided into the individual combustion areas in a simple manner is.

Finally, the supply air distribution device is also designed according to the patent Claim 30 advantageous, because it means the height of the embers or the base embers the direct import of primary air is prevented, so that a disturbance of the more stage combustion process is avoided.

Finally, the invention also includes a method as described in the preamble of Pa claim 31 is described.

This method is due to the measures in the characterizing part of the claim 31 marked. It is advantageous in this process that by forming a Air curtain and the supply of secondary and primary air components from an upper Area of the combustion chamber, for example in the area of the combustion chamber cover plate, due to the physical conditions, especially the different ge importance of the air at different temperatures, an even supply of supply air is achieved by the star in accordance with the respective combustion chamber conditions  ke or less strong heating and thus expansion of the supply air, a correspond proportion of air and therefore oxygen for afterburning in the flame supplies richly, while the remaining rest of the supplied supply air in the floor area the combustion chamber ordered, to different areas of the combustion chamber, such as be for example the outgassing area of the fuels over the circumference of the combustion chamber distributed or the ignition area of these flammable gases and the main burn area of the same can be supplied.

In the following, the invention is illustrated with the aid of the drawings Exemplary embodiments explained in more detail.

Show it:

Figure 1 shows a heating device with the supply air distribution device according to the invention in front view and simplified, schematic representation.

Figure 2 shows the combustion chamber of the heating device with the supply air guide device in side view, sectioned, according to lines II-II in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 shows a part of the combustion chamber of the heater according to FIG 2, with the air guiding device to the side, in section along lines III-III in Fig. 1.

Figure 4 shows the combustion chamber of the heating device in plan view, sectioned, along the lines IV-IV in Fig. 1.

Figure 5 shows a part of the combustion chamber of the heating device with the supply air guide device in front view, sectioned, according to the lines VV in Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 shows a part of the combustion chamber in the transition between the combustion chamber floor and a side wall with an air duct for the forwarding of the supply air to be supplied through the supply air device in a front view, cut according to lines VI-VI in Fig. 4 and simplified schemati shear Presentation;

Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of the air duct for an air supply from the air supply device in front view, sectioned and simplified schematic representation;

8 shows a heating device with another embodiment of the fiction, modern Zuluftverteilungseinrichtung in front view and a simplified schematic representation.

Fig 9 View the combustion chamber of the heating device with the Zuluftleitvorrichtung in pages, cut according to the lines IX-IX in Fig. 8.

FIG. 10 shows a part of the combustion chamber of the heating device, according to FIG. 9, with the air-guiding device in side view, sectioned, according to lines XX in FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a plan view of the combustion chamber, as shown in FIGS 8 to 10, in section along lines XI-XI in FIG. 8. FIG.

Fig. 12 shows a part of a combustion chamber of the heating device with another inventively inventively designed air supply device in plan view and simplified schematic representation;

FIG. 13 is the combustion chamber of Fig 12 in end view according to arrow XIII in FIG. 12.;

Fig. 14, the combustion chamber of Figures 12 and 13, in side view, cut, GE according to the lines XIV-XIV in Fig. 13.

. Fig. The combustion chamber, cut 15 of Figures 12 to 14, in side view, accelerator as the lines XV-XV in Fig. 13;

FIG. 16 is a part of a combustion chamber of a heating device with a further design variant from the inventively designed Zuluftleitvorrichtung from the perspective from the interior of the combustion chamber in a simplified schematic representation;

Fig. 17 shows a part of the combustion chamber of Figure 16 in side view, sectioned, along the lines XVII-XVII in Fig. 16 . ;

Fig. 18 shows another embodiment of a supply air device according to the invention in front view and simplified schematic representation;

FIG. 19 shows the supply air guide device according to FIG. 18 in a top view and a simplified cal matic representation;

Fig. 20, the arrangement of Zuluftleitvorrichtung of Figures 18 and 19 in the loading range from two opposing side walls of a combustion chamber in plan view cut according to the lines XX-XX in Fig 21 and simplified schematic representation..;

FIG. 21 shows the combustion chamber of the heating device according to FIG. 20 in an end view, cut, according to lines XXI-XXI in FIG. 20.

FIG. 22 is a partial view of a combustion chamber of the heating device similar to Figure 3 with a modified embodiment of the Zuluftleitvorrichtung in Seitenan, cut according to the lines III-III in Fig. 1.

FIG. 23 shows an arrangement of a supply air guiding device in a combustion chamber of a heating device in plan view, in section, according to lines XXIII-XXIII in FIGS. 24 and 25;

FIG. 24 is a part of the combustion chamber of Fig 23 in end view in section along lines XXIV-XXIV in FIG. 23.;

FIG. 25 is a part of a combustion chamber in an end view, in section, according to lines XXV-XXV in FIG. 23;

Fig. 26 shows another embodiment of a heating device in plan view, cut with schematically shown control devices and a control device associated therewith for the semi-automatic or fully automatic operation of the heating device in a simple schematic representation.

In FIGS. 1-6, a heater 1, in particular for solid fuels, such as wood logs, briquettes or the like. Shown. The heating device 1 comprises a Ofenkör by 2 , which is formed in part from a combustion chamber 3 or in which one of the combustion chamber 3 is arranged. The furnace body 2 is closed by a cover plate 4 and a base plate 5 . A storage space 6 for fuels, in particular wood, can be provided under the combustion chamber 3 .

The combustion chamber 3 is delimited by a combustion chamber cover plate 7, a combustion chamber base plate 8 and a combustion chamber jacket 9, in the present case as a hollow prism, preferably is formed with a square cross section and is composed of four side walls 10. 13

A loading opening 14 is arranged in the side wall 10 and can be closed by a combustion chamber door 15 . In the combustion chamber door 15 , a high-temperature-resistant, transparent glass pane 16 is arranged in this embodiment variant. The combustion chamber 3 is equipped with a supply air distribution device 17 , the egg nen via a supply air control device 18 with recirculated air supply air channel 19 which is on a combustion chamber 3 facing inside of the side wall 10 is arranged above the loading opening 14 and is approximately one Width 20 of the loading opening 14 extends.

On the combustion chamber base plate 8 , a supply air guide device 21 is set up or supported, which consists of several individual parts, for. B. from a foot part 22 , a partition wall 23 , a bottom guide plate 24 and support webs 25 , 26 , via which the partition wall 23 is supported on the foot part 22 , is composed. The bottom guide plate 24 is also supported on the foot part 22 or is integrally formed thereon. The supply air guide device 21 can be made in one piece as a cast part or in a welded construction or can be composed of several individual parts.

As can be seen more clearly from FIGS. 2 and 3, the partition 23 is arranged from an inside 27 of the side wall 10 of the combustion chamber 3 facing it at a distance 28 between 2 cm and 10 cm, preferably 5 cm to 8 cm, and one The longitudinal axis 29 of the foot part 22 is aligned approximately parallel to the side wall 10 . On the foot part 22 , at least two support webs 25 , 26 arranged in the end regions 30 , 31 of the same are supported approximately / parallel to or angled to a plane 32 aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 29 and / or connected thereto or formed on the foot part 22 and extend from the foot part 22 in the direction of the combustion chamber cover plate 7 .

On these support webs 25, 26, the partition 23 is supported and supported so that the foot part 22 facing bottom edge 33 is held in a vertical spacing 34 above a bottom surface 35 of the foot part 22nd

An inner surface 36 of the partition 23 includes an angle 37 with the foot part 22 , which is smaller than 90 °, so that an end edge 38 of the partition 23 is arranged at a greater distance 39 than the height distance 34 between an end edge 40 of the foot part 22 and the lower edge 33 of the partition 23 .

In the embodiment variant shown and described, the bottom guide plate 24 or the end edge 40 of the foot part 22 is arranged at a greater distance 41 from the inner side 27 of the side wall 10 than the lower edge 33 . The bottom guide plate 24 with an inner surface 42 also forms an angle 37 with the foot part 22 which is less than 90 °. Between an upper edge 43 of the bottom guide plate 24 and the lower edge 33 of the partition 23 , a cover guide plate 44 is arranged, which runs essentially parallel to the foot part 22 .

This cover guide plate 44 is connected with its longitudinal edges 45 , 46 to the lower edge 33 or the upper edge 43 of the partition wall 23 or the base guide plate 24 or is molded onto the latter. While a supply air duct 47 is now created between the partition 23 and the side wall 10 , the cover plate 44 forms with the bottom plate 24 and a portion of the foot part 22 a transverse distribution channel 48 .

This transverse distribution channel 48 opens into the front end region 30 , 31 of the bottom guide plate 24 , in particular within the support webs 25 , 26 , in flow openings 49 , 50 which are provided in the bottom guide plate 24 or from the cover guide plate 44 , the support webs 25 , 26 and side edges 51 the bottom guide plate 24 are limited.

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the side walls 10 , 11 , 12 are protected from the high temperatures in the combustion chamber 3 by superimposed stones 52 . The arrangement of firebricks 52 is also possible on the combustion chamber base plate 8 , in which a vibrating grate 53 is installed in the present exemplary embodiment.

Below the vibrating grate 53 , an ash tray 54 is arranged, with openings 55 in the vibrating grate 53 , when actuated by the burning of fuel 56 , z. B. logs, ash 57 can be discharged into the ash drawer 54 .

Between the combustion chamber 3 and the cover plate 4 , a heat-conducting dome 58 is easily seen, which is covered and protected upwards, just like the cover plate 4 , by means of high-temperature-resistant insulating plates 59 . An interior space 60 of the heat conducting dome 58 is connected via an outlet 61 to a flue gas duct 62 , which is connected to a fume cupboard 63 , for example a stovepipe.

The supply air distribution device 17 is now designed such that a supply air 64 supplied to the combustion chamber 3 by the air control device 18 is supplied to a guide duct 66 via openings 65 from the supply air duct 19 . The inflow of the supply air 64 from the circulating air surrounding the heating device 1 into the combustion chamber 3 occurs due to gravity due to the different weight of the supply air 64, which is cold compared to the hot flue gases in the combustion chamber 3 . The cold and thus heavier supply air 64 , which flows into the supply air duct 19 , sinks through the openings 65 into the guide duct 66 , which extends obliquely in the direction of the combustion chamber door 15 , so that between the sem and the glass pane 16 used in the combustion chamber door 15 Inflow channel 67 is formed with a width 68 that is, for example, smaller than a width 69 of the openings 65 . As a result, the inflow channel 67 acts in the manner of a slot die, which extends across the width 20 of at least the glass pane 16 or the feed opening 14 continuously.

The supply air 64 is deflected by the width 68 of the inflow duct 67 and directed against an inner surface 70 of the glass pane 16 . At the same time, the effect of the nozzle in the area of the inflow duct 67 leads to a build-up of the supply air 64 in the guide duct 66 , which enables the formation of a dense air curtain 71 in front of the glass pane 16 . This air curtain 71 is formed by a multilayer laminar flow, consisting of the layers 72 , 73 , which prevents the passage of combustion or smoke gases from the combustion chamber 3 onto the inner surface 70 of the glass pane 16 . During the downward sinking of the air curtain 71, as can be seen better from Fig. 2, parts of the combustion chamber 3 located closer to layer 73 due to the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber 3 vacuum or by the volume increase of the inlet air 64 during heating in the direction of flame tips 74 deflected, as indicated by wavy arrows 75 . This creates a very dense flame image, which leads to good combustion of the fuels 56 . At the same time, the supply of supply air 64 to the areas of the flame tips 74 ensures almost complete combustion and thus a lower pollutant content.

The advantage that results from the air curtain 71 , which is constructed from a plurality of laminar layers 72 , 73 of the supply air 64 , is that the layers 73, which are closer to the interior 60 of the combustion chamber 3, cover part of the height of the air curtain 71 , namely up to the area where they flow into the flame area or in the area of the flame tips 74 , serve as insulating layers for the layers 72 lying between the sen and the glass pane 16 , so that the layers 72 closer to the glass pane 16 , which ultimately up to the area of the Zuluftleitvor 21 sink, not be heated too much. This effect is favored by the fact that the inflowing supply air 64 heats up as it descends and expands at the same time, so that the air curtain - seen perpendicular to the side wall - becomes thicker in the mer and thereby the insulation effect is further increased, so that the result Supply air 64 used as primary air is not heated too much. In addition, the increase in volume of the supply air 64 prevents the risk of a flue gas breakthrough as far as the glass pane. Due to the insulating effect of the air in the air curtain and the relatively short period of time over which the full heat from the combustion chamber 3 can act on the inner layers 72 , it is prevented that the temperature of this supply air 64 rises too quickly to high values.

This protective function of the inner layers 72 against excessive heating of the supply air 64 and the not too high temperature of the supply air 64 in the layers 73 overall prevent the air temperature in the combustion chamber 3 from rising too high and thus also those states which prevent the formation of NO favor _x . Above all, these layers 72 also ensure an excess of air in the combustion chamber 3 , which is also essential for reducing the formation of NO _x .

On the other hand, a sufficiently high temperature is ensured, which forms a favorable ratio between the chemical resistance during the combustion process and the physical resistance during the combustion process. The chemical resistance is mainly achieved by sufficient warming of the incoming air 64 in the layers 72 , 73 , especially for the air 64 from the layers 72, from streaking the hot surfaces of the air supply device 21 , while the physical resistance is achieved by the good mixture achieved by the use of the flow openings 49 , 50 and the inflow of the supply air 64 via the air guide ducts 47 and possibly the one flow opening, as will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS . 12 to 26 becomes. Furthermore, the inflow speed of the supply air 64 can be easily regulated by narrowing the cross-section, so that thorough mixing occurs.

Furthermore, the supply of the supply air 64 via the supply air guiding device 21 and between the inflow duct 67 adjoining the guiding duct 66 and the supply air guiding device 21 forms the advantage of the two-stage combustion, namely via the supply air guiding device 21 the pre-gasification from the fuel 56 and its mixing with one Corresponding amount of oxygen is supported, while the afterburning can proceed accordingly cheaply through the supply air 64 supplied from the layers 73 between the guide channel 66 and the supply air guide device 21 .

This also ensures that the rapid supply of air 64 in the post-combustion, ie in the area of the flame tips 74 , the temperature of the flue gases and the combustion chamber temperature in the area of the flame tips 74 z. B. is less than 900 ° C, which also limits the formation of NO _x .

This good combustion is also supported in that the arrangement of the high-temperature-resistant insulating plate 59 in the region of the heat-conducting dome 58 additionally slows down the outflow of the flue gases, as a result of which the temperature in the combustion chamber 3 can be kept higher, so that the ignition temperature is very high. Portions of the supply air 64 in the layers 72 of the laminar flow prevent the glass pane 16 from fogging up into the region of the supply air guide device 21 . The supply air 64 or the layers 72 and parts of the layers 73 are divided in the region of the supply air guide device 21 , as can best be seen from FIGS . 4 and 5, and through the flow openings 49 , 50 on the one hand and the supply air guide channels 47 along the Side walls 11 , 13 distributed over the entire circumference of the combustion chamber 3 in the area of the combustion chamber base plate 8 on the other hand to different areas in the interior 60 of the combustion chamber 3 . As a result, in the area of fuels 56 , in which combustible oasis 76 - which are shown schematically with small rings - outgassing due to the heating due to the erosion and the presence of oxygen in the supply air 64 - which is indicated by arrows 77 , 78 - are ignited immediately, so that the formation of nitrogen oxides is prevented as far as possible and thus the pollution of the environment when burning fossil fuels, such as logs, can be significantly reduced.

This good combustion or the outgassing of the combustible gases 76 from the fuel 56 , i.e. from the logs and their early ignition and complete combustion, is achieved by the uniform distribution of the supply air in the area of the combustion chamber floor, as indicated by the arrows 77 , 78 in FIG. 4 indicated, reached over the scope of the combustion chamber. As a result, sufficient oxygen is supplied to the front of the fuel 56 , from which most of the combustible gases are released, to ignite them, especially when the logs are inserted into the combustion chamber 3 parallel to the supply air guide device 21 .

Above all, it has been found, surprisingly, that by the parallel arrangement of the Zuluftleitkanäle 47 and the through-flow openings 49, 50, a cascade-like air is achieved inflow, wherein by the through flowing through the flow openings 49, 50 through air supply 64, according to the arrows 78, the Supply air guide device 21 nearer area of the embers or the fuel 56 is acted upon, while through the supply air guide channels 47 with the supplied supply air 64 , according to the arrows 77 , further back, that is to the supply air guide device 21 opposite areas of the side wall 12 and the embers or respectively Fuel 56 is supplied with oxygen.

Another advantage of this solution is that for this air supply the basic physical laws, namely the higher weight of the cold supply air 64 ge compared to the flue gases contained in the combustion chamber 3 is used, but it is of course also possible to control combustion to ensure the fuel 56 , for example in the area of the supply air control device 18 or the supply air duct 19 to use a supply air delivery device, for example a blower with a corresponding speed control or air volume control.

These all of the supplied air supply 64 is causally as window flushing, and it is now made possible by the special design of the Zuluftleitvorrichtung 21 that, without an additional arrangement of components, these discs for keeping clean the glass 16 required in the combustion chamber doors 15 supply air 64, at the same time in the full To begin with can be used as secondary air. This means that a separate secondary air supply device can be saved, and it is possible in a surprisingly simple manner, without actuators and movable control elements in the combustion chamber 3 or in the region of the combustion chamber base plate 8, nevertheless, a uniform distribution of the airflow 71 in the manner of an air curtain in laminar layers To allow supply air 64 .

In order to ensure that the distribution of this supply air 64 over the entire circumference, in particular the side walls 11 , 13, is possible without being disturbed, in particular in the area of the side walls 11 , 13 in the transition area between these side walls 11 , 13 or the firebricks 52 and the combustion chamber Bottom plate 8 or the fireclay bricks 52 resting on the combustion chamber bottom plate 8, spacers 79 , which can be formed by a rod 80 made of metal or a corresponding flat profile or the like in a top view of the combustion chamber bottom plate 8 be ordered. Of course, it is also possible to see only individual wart-like elevations or rod-shaped spacers projecting over the side walls 11 , 13 .

Such an arrangement of the spacers 79 is intended to ensure that the fuel 56 , in particular logs or coal or the like or briquettes or wooden briquettes, cannot come to rest directly on the side walls 11 , 13 , but that in any case between the An air duct 81 remains on the side walls 11 , 13 and the fuel 56 or the embers.

This air duct 81 and the rods 80 , which are provided for distancing the fuel 56 from the side walls 11 , 13 , can be better seen from the illustration in FIG. 6.

It can be seen from this that with increasing distance from the combustion chamber base plate 8, the rods 80 protrude by a smaller amount 82 over the side walls 11 , 13 or the firebricks 52 .

The air duct 81 can also be formed in that, as shown in Fig. 7 in De tail, a perforated or perforated cladding part 83 is arranged in the corner area between the side walls 11 , 13 and the combustion chamber base plate 8 . The supply air 64 supplied via the supply air guide ducts 47 - represented by arrows 77 - then occurs finely distributed over the length of the air guide duct 81 into the combustion chamber 3 through openings 84 arranged in the cladding part 83 and supports uniform combustion of the fuel 56 or the embers.

In FIGS. 8 to 11 a further embodiment is a Zuluftverteilungseinrich tung 17, wherein for the heating device 1 and for the Zuluftverteilungseinrich processing 17, the same reference numerals for the same parts as in Figs. 1 to 7 are det USAGE.

The heating device 1 , in particular for solid fuels 56 , is designed in accordance with the design in FIG. 1 and has in the area of an upper edge 85 of the charging opening 14 on the inside 27 of the side wall 10 in which the loading opening 14 is arranged, the supply air duct 19 which, via the openings 86 in the present embodiment, is formed by a multiplicity of bores which penetrate the side wall 10 and is connected to the ambient air, that is to say the air space surrounding the heating device 1 . The incoming air 64 through the openings 86 can accordingly the setting of the supply air control device 18 in a predetermined amount via the openings 65 in a floor plate delimiting the supply air duct 19, the interior 60 of the combustion chamber 3 are supplied.

In order to achieve that this supplied air 64 as a laminar flow in several layers 72 , 73 along a combustion chamber 3 facing inner side 87 of the glass pane 16 can flow as an air curtain 71 to prevent fogging of the glass pane 16 and then the pane washing used supply air 64 for loading the combustion process to supply the combustion chamber 3 in an orderly manner, the openings 65 are followed by a guide channel 66 , which is formed in the manner of a slot nozzle and is limited relative to the combustion chamber 3 by a guide plate 88 running obliquely to the side wall 10 , so that between the end edge 89 and the inside 87 of the glass pane 16, an exit slot 90 is formed with the width 68 .

To divide the supply air 64 to be supplied, the supply air guide device 21 is arranged in the area of the combustion chamber base plate 8 . With this supply air guide device 21 , that part of the supply air 64 which has sunk into the area of the supply air guide device 21 is evenly distributed over the circumference of the combustion chamber base plate 8 or the combustion chamber jacket 9 and, above all, prevents the supply air 64 falling downward when it hits the combustion chamber base plate 8, it flows centrally into an ember stick 91 or the fuel 56 from the front. As already explained on the basis of the illustration in FIG. 2, part of the supply air 64 - as arranged with arrows 75 - flows out of the layers 73 after passing through the outlet slot 90 due to the rapid heating due to the proximity to the flame tips 74 Interior 60 of the combustion chamber 3 and favors the afterburning of the combustible gases 76 or the ignition of the combustible gases 76 not yet ignited at this point in time by a sufficient supply of oxygen. But this can also be a complete fire from the combustible gases 76 emerging from the fuels 56 can be achieved.

However, it is surprising in the solution using a supply air guide device 21 that parts of this incoming supply air 64 , which is usually supplied to the combustion chamber 3 in the manner of secondary air, is divided by the special deflection in the area of the supply air guide device 21 so that it is on the one hand as a secondary air, which is responsible for the burnout of the fuels 56 and the degassing gases and, on the other hand, acts as a primary air 92 , which flows over the circumference of the glow stick 91 or the base glow from below, so that the fresh fuel 56 is ignited by ignition and the combustion products can be released.

The advantage of supplying an air portion acting as primary air 92 from the supply air 64 during the steady state enables the layers of the fuel 56 facing the combustion chamber base plate 8 to be completely burned off. As a result, the exhaust gas pollution is significantly reduced and at the same time it is ensured that sufficient basic embers and ember retention can be achieved, which considerably improves the efficiency of such a heating device 1 .

Above all, a good mixture between the combustion air and the combustible gases 76 can be achieved by the incoming air 64 via the disc flushing, acting as primary air 92, a good mixture between the combustion air and the combustible gases 76 , whereby the physical resistance is kept low and thus even combustion of the fuel 56 also can be achieved in a steady state. At the same time, by reducing the amount of combustion air that is supplied from the supply air 64 as secondary air in the area above the ember stick 91 , excessive cooling of the flue gases or combustible gases 76 in this area is prevented, so that the chemical Resistance during the combustion process is neither increased in the heating state nor in the steady state.

These advantages are achieved in that those air layers of the laminar air flow, which sink from the outlet slot 90 along the glass pane 16 into the area of the combustion chamber base plate 8 , in the area delimited by the supply air guide device 21 , namely through the transverse distribution channel 48 on the Flow openings 49 , 50 or the supply air guide channels 47 are divided, as indicated schematically by arrows 78 , the supply air 64 passing through the flow openings 49 , 50 flushing the area of the vibrating grate 53 or the fuel 56 on the ember stick 91 facing the glass pane 16 penetrate into the fuel 56 lying on the ember stick 91 from the combustion chamber base plate 8 , while the supply air 64 is discharged according to the arrows 77 via the supply air guide channels 47 into the rear region of the side walls 11 , 13 or the side wall 12 forming the rear wall and thus in the area distributed over the circumference of the combustion chamber 3 a gl Calibrated entry of combustion air, in particular oxygen, is achieved, which, as described above, supports the smooth running of the combustion process.

In the present embodiment, the supply air guide device 21 again consists of several individual parts, for. B. from a foot part 22 , on the webs 25 , 26 a partition 23 is held at a height 34 above the foot part 22 .

Following the flow openings 49 and 50 adjoining the support webs 25 , 26 , a base guide plate 24 is placed on the foot part 22 , which extends from the latter in the direction of the partition 23 . In level with the lower edge 33 of the separating wall 23 is arranged a Deckleitplatte 44, the plate, the partition wall 23 and the Bodenleit connects 24 and 24 in ge horizontally or approximately in the direction of Bodenleitplatte tends runs. Between the partition 23 and the bottom guide plate 24 , as well as the foot part 22 , a transverse distribution channel 48 is created, in which the supply air 64 flowing in via the air curtain 71 is passed on in the direction of the throughflow openings 49 , 50 .

The air layers incident on the partition 23 are deflected from there in the direction of the supply air ducts 47 between the glass pane 16 or the combustion chamber door 15 and the partition 23 so that they can enter the interior 60 of the combustion chamber 3 from there. For better control of the incoming air 64 , it is also possible in the area of the flow openings 49 , 50 to limit the side wall regions of the flow openings 49 , 50 opposite the support webs 25 , 26 by side walls 93 , so that nozzle-like flow openings 49 , 50 are created with which the orientation of the incoming air 64 to different areas of the fuel 56 z. B. whose end faces improved who can.

Of course, also in this embodiment, as already explained with reference to FIGS. 4, 6 and 7, air guiding channels 81 can be arranged at least in the area of the side walls 11 and 13 and optionally also in the area of the side wall 12 .

Similar to the embodiment variant according to FIGS . 1 to 5, also in the present embodiment the partition 23 is inclined with its inner surface 36 in the direction of the foot part 22 at an angle 37 to the combustion chamber base plate 8 . This has the advantage that the channel, which is formed between the partition 23 and the combustion chamber door 15 or the glass pane 16 , tapers in the direction of the foot part 22 and thus part of the supply air 64 automatically and without additional control device directly in the direction of the Supply air ducts 47 , that is to say in the region of the side walls 11 and 13, is deflected.

Likewise, the floor guide plate 24 is also inclined at an angle 37 to the combustion chamber floor plate 8 and can run approximately parallel to the partition 23 . However, it is advantageous, as shown in the present exemplary embodiment in FIG. 10, if, for example, a bottom surface 94 of the foot part 22 rises in the direction of the combustion chamber 3 from the combustion chamber door 15 , that is to say upwards by an angle 95 with respect to the combustion chamber base plate 8 is inclined ascending. So that the flowing air 64 , as indicated in particular by arrows 78 , deflected upwards so that it flows through the embers 91 rising from the bottom upwards and thus supports the combustion and the outgassing of the combustible gases 76 .

At the same time, the inclined in the direction of the combustion chamber 3 partition 23 and bottom guide plate 24 prevents the inflow of incoming air 64 from rising too rapidly in the direction of the flame tips 74 and thereby enable good mixing with the combustible gases 76 , which results in a readily ignitable mixture, which thereby can burn to a high degree.

Another embodiment variant of a supply air guide device 21 , for example for a combustion chamber 3 with a circular cross section, is shown in FIGS. 12 to 15.

The partition 23 is again supported by support webs 25 , 26 and an additional support web 96 in the center between the two support webs 25 , 26 at a distance above a contact surface 97 , which can be formed, for example, by the combustion chamber base plate 8 . Between the support webs 25 and 26 extends a floor guide plate 24 which has a height 98 which is smaller than a distance 99 between the contact surface 97 and a lower edge 33 of the partition 23rd

Out while the Bodenleitplatte 24 approximately perpendicular to the combustion chamber bottom plate 8 is directed, a deflector 100 passes the partition wall 23 at a shallow angle 101 in the direction of the combustion chamber. 3 This deflector 100 is connected in one piece in the present exemplary embodiment to the partition 23 or is produced by a single-piece casting. Between the partition 23 and the bottom guide plate 24 ver therefore remains a flow opening 102 , which he stretches over an entire width 103 , which is limited by the support webs 25 and 26 . In principle, this creates a slot die that extends approximately over the entire width 20 of a loading opening 14 , which extends through the combustion chamber door 15 , which is seen with a glass pane 16 .

In addition, as can be seen best in FIG. 13, arranged in the Bodenleitplatte 24 through openings 49 and 50, which extend over part of the height 98 of the Bodenleitplatte 24 and in the end region of the Zuluftleitvorrichtung 21 at a longitudinal distance 104 distanced from the support webs 25 and 26 are arranged. This longitudinal distance 104 is less than half the distance between the support webs 25 and 26 and the central support web 96 .

This configuration of the supply air guide device 21 now advantageously achieves a cascade-shaped supply of the supply air 64 flowing in via the air curtain 71, provided that through the throughflow opening 102 - as best seen in FIGS. 14 and 15 - according to the arrows 105 , part this supplied via the air curtain 71 incoming air 64 is fed into the area of the flames for the combustion of the combustible gases from the fuel.

Another part of the supply air 64 flowing through the throughflow openings 49 , 50 is, according to the arrows 106 , introduced into the area of the combustion chamber base plate 8 , i.e. into the support area of the embers 91 and the fuel 56 , which thus acts as primary air 92 and the formation of the combustible gases or the ignition of the same in the area of the fuel 56 favors. Due to the different heights 107 and 108 , in which a large part of the supply air 64 flows in according to the arrows 106 and 105 , the window purging air can be advantageously used at different heights for different combustion processes without additional supply air channels or control devices and the like . requirement.

The steering and thus the height 107 and 108 , at which this supply air 64 flows in, is determined on the one hand by the arrangement of the throughflow openings 49 , 50 and on the other hand by the design of the deflectors 100 of the partition 23 . Of course, it is also possible that with a correspondingly strong supply of supply air 64, a proportion of supply air 64 can also gush over a front side 109 of the partition 23 , as indicated by arrow 110 , into the area of the flame tips.

By appropriate design of the cross-sectional size of the flow openings 49 , 50 or the slot width of the flow opening 102 , the cascade distribution of the supply air 64 to the different areas of the erosion can be easily controlled. In addition, it is also achieved that a comprehensive supply of combustion air is made possible around the embers, since in this embodiment the supply air guide channels 47 are maintained, which distribute the combustion air according to arrows 111 in FIG. 12 over the circumference of the embers enable.

In Figs. 16 and 17, a further embodiment of a Zuluftleitvorrichtung 21 is shown, in which plate in turn an inflow of the supplied fresh air 64 in a plurality of mutually different altitudes with respect to the combustion chamber bottom 8 is achieved. The formation of the supply air duct 19 or the supply air control device 18 corresponds, for example, in turn to the design as described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11, which is why the same reference numerals are used for the same parts.

The structure of the supply air guide device 21 corresponds to the basic principle of the construction, as has now been described in detail with reference to FIGS. 12 to 15. The difference is only that in this supply air guide 21 the base 22 and a deflecting part 112 are made as independent individual parts, each forming its own components. This makes it possible to produce even complicated spatial shapes, such as the foot part in the present case, and to achieve inexpensive manufacture in addition to a streamlined cross-sectional shape.

This designed for furnaces with a square or rectangular cross section of the combustion chamber 3 , supply air guide device 21 is provided with a flow opening 102 which extends over the entire width 103 of the supply air guide device 21 between the two supporting webs 25 , 26 supporting the partition 23 . The partition 23 is formed as a circular arc section and extends over a Segmentwin angle 113 , which is between 50 ° and 80 °, but preferably 70 °, whereby an entrance height 114 of an inlet opening 115 of the transverse distribution channel 48 , which from the partition 23rd , The floor guide plate 24 and the foot portion 22 is defined interior, is made quite narrow. From there, the supply air 64 can now flow into the combustion chamber 3 via the throughflow openings 49 , 50 in the base guide plate 24 , or through the throughflow opening 102 . Those air parts that do not flow through the inlet opening 115 into the transverse distribution channel 48 are deflected laterally and occur, as explained earlier in detail with reference to the above exemplary embodiments, in the area of the supply air guide channels 47 in the area of the supporting webs 25 , 26 along the side walls 11 and 13 into the combustion chamber 3 . This also results in a cascade-shaped distribution of the supply air 64 in this embodiment, the height above the combustion chamber base plate 8 , in which this air 64 flows in, can be determined by specifying the outflow direction via the curvature of the partition wall 23 .

Sufficient swirling of the combustible gases with the supply air 64 enriched with oxygen can also be achieved through this throughflow opening 102 , which brings about a reduction in the physical resistance during combustion. At the same time, however, the chemical resistance is also reduced, since this supply air 64 , which is supplied in this way, is heated due to the swiping along the supply air guide device 21 and the sinking along a side wall of the combustion chamber jacket 9 , as a result of which the combustion process can be further improved. The parts of the supply air 64 which flow out at different heights are, as shown in FIGS. 12 to 15, again schematically by arrows 105 and 106 and the parts of the supply air 64 which surround the combustion chamber 3 in the region of the side walls 11 and 13 by arrows 77 indicated.

It should be noted in connection with this embodiment, in which the foot part 22 and the deflection part 112 form its own independent individual parts, that of course the entire supply air guiding device 21 or the foot part or the deflection part 112, for example also on the side wall 10 to 13 or the combustion chamber door 15 or the combustion chamber base plate 8 attached or integrally formed on this.

The attachment can be done using normal fasteners such as screws, rivets or Like. Or done by hanging or by welding.

Of course, the supply air guiding devices described in the other exemplary embodiments can be attached, connected or molded in whole or only with individual items on the combustion chamber door 15 or the side walls 10 to 13 of the heating device 1 or the combustion chamber base plate 8 .

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 18 to 21 embodiment of the Zuluftleitvorrichtung the partition wall 21 is curved in plan view of the foot part 22 23, wherein a radius of curvature is considerably greater than a depth 116 of the combustion space 3.

This creates between the partition 23 or with this via a Deckleit plate 44 connected to the floor guide plate 24 a transverse distribution channel 48 , which spreads from a central axis 117 of the air supply device 21 in the direction of the support webs 25 , 26 , causing a backflow of the combustion chamber 3 to be supplied Air is prevented since a cross-sectional area of this transverse distribution channel 48 increases from the central axis 117 in the direction of the support webs 25 , 26 .

In order to achieve a uniform distribution of the supply air 64 supplied via the air curtain 71, as far as possible over the entire cross section of the combustion chamber 3 , and thus a distribution between that supply air 64 , according to the schematically indicated arrows 106 , through the throughflow openings 49 , 50 of the supply air guide device 21 in rich tion of the embers 91 or fuel 56 occur, and to achieve those portions of the supply air 64 , which according to the arrows 77 through the supply air guide channels 47 along the side walls 11 , 13 into the combustion chamber, the support webs 25, 26 are graded 118 provided, with a height 119 of these gradations 118 dividing that portion of supply air 64 which can only pass through the flow openings 49 , 50 and that portion which is fed into the combustion chamber 3 via the supply air guide ducts 47 according to arrows 77 can be.

By means of these gradations 118 of the supporting webs 25 , 26 acting as a dust bar, a corresponding air pressure or a corresponding flow speed of the supply air 64 can also be maintained, since with a small amount of incoming supply air 64 only that part of the supply air acting as primary air is initially released, which flows from below into the embers 91 and only when more supply air 64 flows in, is discharged in a gushing manner over the steps 118 into the edge regions, that is to say into the regions of the side walls 11 and 13 .

In this embodiment of the supply air guide device 21 , that part of the air 64 from the air curtain 71 , which enters the region of the flame pits 74 or the flames as secondary air, only from the layers 73 of the air flow 71 forming the air curtain 71 between the front edge 89 of the air curtain Baffle 88 and the front edge 38 of the supply air guide 21 removed.

As this embodiment further shows, the partition 23 and the bottom circuit board 24 extend in the manner of concentric circles, so that between the openings 49 and 50 a transverse distribution channel 48 with the same cross-sectional area over the entire length of the supply air guide device 21 is created, while the cross section surfaces between the partition 23 and the side wall 10 of the heating device 1 in the direction of the support webs 25 , 26 increases.

Furthermore, the supporting webs 25,26 a court ended in the direction of the combustion space 3 extension 120 which protrudes to a depth 121 on the outlet cross-sectional strömöffnungen 49, 50th This extension 120 acts in the manner of an air baffle, which forces the emerging air flow according to the arrows 106, a flow direction, which is directed in the direction of the fuel 56 or the embers 91 .

May be in Figs. 20 and 21 is now shown how the two Zuluftleitvorrichtungen 21 according to the representations of FIGS. 18 and 19 in the region of a combustion chamber 3 of the heating device 1 according to a further embodiment arranged.

In this exemplary embodiment, in which, for example, the combustion chamber door 15 is designed as a cast body without a glass pane, the supply air guide devices 21 for distributing the supply air 64 to be supplied are arranged in the region of the opposing side walls 11, 13 or the firebricks 52 are arranged at a distance 28 before.

Thus, a transverse distribution channel 48 is formed between these side walls 11 , 13 or the upstream mottled stones 52 and the supply air guide device 21 , via which the supply air 64 , as can be better seen from the illustration in FIG. 21, is distributed uniformly over the combustion chamber 3 . The supply of the supply air 64 takes place, for example, as shown in FIG. 21, via the supply air ducts 19 , which are similar to the supply air ducts 19 described in the exemplary embodiments described above, where, when the supply air enters the respective supply air duct 19, via a supply air regulating device 18 , for example a slide, can be regulated.

This supply air duct 19 is preferably arranged at a distance 122 above the supply air guide device 21 , which is greater than a maximum height 123 of schematically indicated flame tips 74 above the supply air guide devices 21 . This makes it possible for the supply air 64 emerging from the layers 73 or through arrows 75 to enter directly into the flame region, that is to say into the region of the afterburning, and thus cause an adequate oxygen supply in the flame region, which prevents the combustion chamber temperature from, for. B. is less than 900 ° C, whereby the formation of NO _{x is} prevented or greatly minimized. The further downward-facing supply air 64 in the layers 72 is through the transverse distribution channels 48 through through flow openings 49 , 50 , as indicated schematically by small rings and symbolically represented by arrows 78 and 106 , or from the supply air guide channels 47 , as through the Arrows 77 indicated, along the side wall 10 or over the area of the combustion chamber door 15 introduced. This supply air 64 supplied by arrows 77 and 78 acts as primary air.

Characterized in that in the area of each of the two opposite side walls 11 , 13 a supply air guide device 21 is arranged, a uniform distribution and a good inflow of the supply air 64 with a correspondingly good mixing through a still sufficient speed can also be achieved in the area of the fuel 56 who . As indicated schematically in Fig. 20, it is advantageous if the fuel 56 z. B. the logs are arranged perpendicular to the combustion chamber door Rich direction.

This has the advantage that the supply air reaches the area of end faces 124 of logs 125 according to arrows 77 and 78 . After the greatest amount of inflammable ren gases 76 logs during combustion of wood logs 125 from these end faces 124 of the timber exit 125 - as is schematically explained by small rings in the drawing - it comes through the intensive supply of oxygen at a very early zeitigem Ignition, so that combustible gases are prevented from rising into the higher areas of the combustion chamber 3 without being ignited. This ensures that the combustible gases burn off in a cascade-like manner, since the preliminary combustion is initiated by the supply air 64 acting as primary air and supplied in accordance with arrows 77 and 78 , and the remaining constituents then remain by supplying the supply air 64 in the secondary air area can thus be ignited and burned in the area of the flame tips 74 and thus the proportion of unburned combustible gases or pollutants can be kept very low.

Of course, it is also possible, instead of each of the two side walls 11 and 13 upstream of the supply air distribution device 17, only one of the side walls 11 , 12 or 13 to provide such a supply air distribution device 17 if the supply air 64 is not used to flush a glass pane 16 in the area of the furnace room door 15 is required. However, it is also possible to arrange another such air supply device 17 in addition to a supply air distribution device 17 assigned to the combustion chamber door 15 on any other side.

With this solution, however, it is also possible, for example in the case of ovens, in which glass panes 16 , for example, in fixed surfaces of side walls. B. being arranged in addition to a glass sheet 16 in the combustion chamber door 15 to keep it clean, using the Zuluftleitvorrichtungen 21 according to the invention.

With regard to the detailed sequence during the combustion process and the formation of the supply air duct 19 , it should be noted that this or these can be carried out as desired in accordance with the exemplary embodiments described in detail above. Also any supply air guide device 21 can be used according to one of the embodiment variants described above or a combination thereof for this application.

Of course, the supply air ducts 19 can also be guided as desired in the furnace and the inflow openings for the supply of the supply air 64 into the supply air duct 19 can also be arranged centrally on the front side of the heating device 1 and this supply air 64 can then be arranged inside the heating device 1 which various guide channels 66 are divided.

FIG. 22 shows another embodiment variant of a heating device 1 , which essentially corresponds to the heating device as shown in FIG. 3. The same reference numerals are therefore used for the same parts.

The difference between these two variants is that in the supply air guide device 21 shown in FIG. 22, a support web 126 is provided which protrudes beyond the partition wall 23 in the direction of the combustion chamber door 15 , so that the transverse channel 48 in the region of its ends, in which it acts as supply air duct 47 , is closed. The supply air duct 47 is then formed in this case through an opening or a flow opening 127 , and it is therefore possible, depending on the dimension of the breakthrough, the amount of air passing therethrough according to the arrows 77 , which act as primary air and in Direction of the side walls 11 and 13 of the heating device 1 is to be deflected, quantify. Preferably, an end edge 128 is at an angle 129 which is 90 °, to a riot surface 97 , so that the incoming air from the guide channel 66 64 flows into the only open from above transverse distribution channel 48 and laterally only through the flow opening 127 in the direction the side walls 11 , 13 can emerge. Furthermore, it is shown in this embodiment that an adjustable control flap 130 can be arranged on the support web 126 on the side facing the transverse distribution channel 48 , which can either be adjusted manually and with a locking device 131 , for example a screw, in which the respective heating device 1 before the drawn position can be fixed in order to be able to simply adjust the amount of supply air 64 exiting through the supply air guide ducts 47 and possibly also to regulate it during the following operation. For control purposes, it is possible to actuate this control flap 130 manually via a linkage via an operating handle 132 , but in this regard, as indicated by dashed lines, an adjusting device 133, for example a cylinder piston arrangement or the like, can be arranged in order to remotely adjust this control flap To be able to make 130 .

In Figs. 23 to 25 a further embodiment is shown how the distribution of acting as a primary air supply air 64 that enters according to the arrows 77 from the side walls 11, 13 into the combustion chamber 3, can occur. This division can be vorgenom men that the supply air guide device 21 is extended to the area of the side walls 11 , 13 or immediately before this, and the space between the side wall 10 Be, that is, the front wall, and the firebricks 52 is divided. The supply air guide ducts 47 thus open into an area, for example as in the right half of FIG. 23, into a distribution duct 135 which is accessible via an opening 134 and which is arranged, for example, in a convection space 137 arranged between the side walls 11 and 13 and upstream tiles 136 .

To be able to distribute the part of the supply air 64 which enters according to the arrows 77 through the opening 134 in the distribution channel 135, uniformly over the length of the side wall 11 and 13, the firebricks 52 are shipping with passage openings 138 hen.

As can be seen better from FIG. 25, these passage openings 138 can also be arranged one above the other in the height direction of the combustion chamber 3 , so that the supply air 64 acting as primary air can be supplied over a certain height range of the embers. In this case too, it is again advantageous if the logs 125 are aligned parallel to the side wall 12 forming the rear wall of the heating device 1 , since this means that in those areas in which the supply air 64 is supplied according to the arrows 77 , namely on the end faces 124 of the logs 125 most flammable gases escape and there can be a safe ignition again.

Of course, it is also possible with this embodiment variant, instead of the support web 26 shown, to add the support web 126 shown and described in FIG. 22 and, if appropriate, also to pre-arrange a control flap 130 in the flow opening 127 there.

In the left half of FIG. 23 and in FIG. 24, a further simple embodiment is shown for the supply of the supply air 64 according to the arrows 77 via the passage opening 138 in the firebricks 52 .

In this case, a separate distribution channel 135 is not disposed in the convection chamber, but the refractory bricks 52 are 140 verse hen on its side facing away from the combustion chamber 3 side 139 extending in parallel to the combustion chamber bottom plate 8 transverse channels, the mite, the individual passage openings 138 one behind the other in the longitudinal direction 11054 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285911094300040 0002019537843 00004 10935 interconnect.

In this case, too, several such transverse channels 140 can be arranged in the direction perpendicular to the combustion chamber base plate 8 , so that rows of passage openings 138 lying one above the other can be supplied with supply air 64 .

In the event that the supply air distribution according to the arrows 77 via the Durchlaßöffnun conditions 138 in the region of the side walls 11 and / or 13 and / or 12 , it is advantageous if the flow openings 49, 50 closer to a central axis 117 of the supply air guide device 21 are arranged. The cascade-shaped inflow of the supply air 64 or an improved division between those areas in which the supply air 64 enters through the throughflow openings 49, 50 according to the arrows 78 and those areas in which the supply air flows through the through openings 138 according to the arrows 77 occurs.

In Fig. 26 is also indicated schematically that to control the supply air supplied to the combustion chamber 3 , according to the arrows 77 and 78 , for example in the distribution channel 135, a control device 142 formed by a control slide 141 and possibly a further control device 143 with a flap 144 can be arranged.

The control slide 141 can be arranged in alignment with the flow openings 145 in the side walls 11 and 13 and the passage openings 138 aligned with them.

Via an adjusting device 146 , this control slide 141 can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction according to the double arrow 147 in order to change the amount of incoming supply air according to the arrows 77 .

Instead of this or in parallel, it is also possible to control the control flap 130 semi-automatically or fully automatically via an adjusting device 146, depending on the combustion state in the combustion chamber. For this purpose, the adjusting device 146 can be connected to a control device 148 , which is connected, for example, to sensors 149 projecting into the combustion chamber 3 . Depending on the combustion state and / or the amount of pollutants or unburned gases, temperature or flow rate, the position of the control flap 130 or the control slide valve 141 can be changed.

At the same time, it is possible in connection with this to also assign an adjustable control slide 141 to the throughflow openings 49 and 50 , which in turn can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the transverse distribution channel 48 by an adjusting device 146 , which can also be switched together with the control device 148 Cross section of the flow openings 49 and 50 to be able to adapt to the respective combustion state or operating state.

The supply air guide device 21 as a whole or parts thereof, such as the partition 23 and / or the support webs 25, 26 and / or the foot part 22 and / or the Bo denleitplatte 24 can be supported either individually or together on a contact surface 97 . It is of course also possible that some of these parts or all of the combustion chamber base plate 8 or the combustion chamber door 15 or the side wall 10 adjacent to the combustion chamber door 15 or the other upstream side walls 11 , 12 , 13 arranged, fastened or in one piece with these be connected.

To illustrate the essential function of the heating device 1 according to the invention, simplified representations have been used and, moreover, non-essential parts, such as throttle valves and other components, have been omitted, the arrangement of which is within the range of the specialist knowledge of the person skilled in the art, for. B. a Hei tong technician. Any individual elements known from the prior art can be used for individual components, in particular for supply air control device 18 , combustion chamber door 15 , fireclay bricks 52 and supply air ducts 19 .

Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one recess is arranged in the cover guide plate 44 in the region of the throughflow openings 49 , 50 , preferably part of the cover guide plate 44 is removed, and both the transitions between the support webs 25 , 26 , the partition wall 23 and the foot part 22 as well the transitions between the support webs 25 , 26 , the partition 23 and the foot 22 and the transitions between the partition 23's , the cover plate 44 and the bottom plate 24 are provided with runouts. It is also possible that in the area of the throughflow openings 49 , 50 , 102 , 127 there is an air guide bar projecting beyond the foot part 22 and a distance 39 between an end edge 38 of the supply air guide device 21 and a contact surface 97 or a height of the supply air guide device 21 at least Corresponds to the height of an ember stick in a steady state.

For the sake of order, it should be pointed out that the entire or also individual parts of the previously described heating devices 1 , or supply air guiding devices 21 , according to the embodiment variants according to FIGS . 1 to 6; 7; 8 to 11; 12 to 15; 16, 17; 18 to 21; 22; 23 to 25 and 26 in any combination can form the subject of independent, inventive solutions.

Reference list

1 heater
2 furnace bodies
3 combustion chamber
4 cover plate
5 base plate
6 storage space
7 combustion chamber cover plate
8 combustion chamber base plate
9 combustion chamber jacket
10 side wall
11 side wall
12 side wall
13 side wall
14 loading opening
15 combustion chamber doors
16 glass pane
17 Supply air distribution device
18 Supply air control device
19 supply air duct
20 width
21 Air supply device
22 foot section
23 partition
24 floor guide plate
25 support bridge
26 support bridge
27 inside
28 distance
29 longitudinal axis
30 frontal area
31 frontal area
32 level
33 bottom edge
34 height difference
35 floor area
36 inner surface
37 angles
38 front edge
39 distance
40 front edge
41 distance
42 inner surface
43 top edge
44 cover guide plate
45 longitudinal edge
46 long edge
47 Supply air duct
48 cross distribution duct
49 flow opening
50 flow opening
51 side edges
52 firebrick
53 vibrating grate
54 ash drawer
55 opening
56 fuel
57 ashes
58 heat conducting dome
59 insulating plate
60 interior
61 outlet
62 flue gas duct
63 deduction
64 supply air
65 opening
66 guide channel
67 inflow channel
68 width
69 width
70 inner surface
71 air curtain
72 shift
73 layer
74 flame tip
75 arrow
76 gas
77 arrow
78 arrow
79 spacers
80 staff
81 air duct
82 extent
83 trim part
84 opening
85 top edge
86 opening
87 inside
88 baffle
89 front edge
90 exit slot
91 Ember stick
92 primary air
93 side cheek
94 floor area
95 angles
96 support bridge
97 footprint
98 height
99 distance
100 deflectors
101 angles
102 flow opening
103 width
104 longitudinal spacing
105 arrow
106 arrow
107 height
108 height
109 front
110 arrow
111 arrow
112 deflection part
113 segment angles
114 entrance height
115 entrance opening
116 depth
117 central axis
118 gradation
119 height
120 continuation
121 depth
122 distance
123 height
124 end face
125 logs
126 support bridge
127 flow opening
128 front edge
129 angles
130 control valve
131 locking device
132 control handle
133 adjustment device
134 opening
135 distribution channel
136 tile
137 convection room
138 passage opening
139 page
140 cross channel
141 regulating slide
142 control device
143 control device
144 flap
145 flow opening
146 adjusting device
147 double arrow
148 control device
149 transmitter

Claims (31)

1. Supply air distribution device for the combustion air of Heizeinrichtun conditions, in particular for solid fuels such as wood or the like, with a combustion chamber through a combustion chamber base plate, a combustion chamber cover plate, which run parallel to each other, and one through a hollow cylinder or a Hollow prism formed combustion chamber shell is composed and with a loading opening for the fuels, which is arranged in the combustion chamber shell, and a combustion chamber door for closing this loading opening as required and with a flue gas duct, which is connected to an interior of the combustion chamber shell, and with a supply air guide device, characterized in that that the Zuluftleitvorrichtung (21) in the region of the combustion chamber bottom between a side wall (10 to 13) of the combustion chamber (3) and the interior (60) of the combustion chamber (3) and extending in a direction parallel to the combustion chamber bottom plate (8) longitudinal direction several distance from each other te and / or the flow openings ( 49 , 50 , 102 , 127 , 145 ) arranged offset in height for the supply air ( 64 ) ( Fig. 1, 12, 22). 2. Supply air distribution device for the combustion air of Heizeinrichtun conditions, in particular for solid fuels, such as wood or the like., With a combustion chamber through a combustion chamber base plate, a combustion chamber cover plate, which run parallel to each other, and one through a hollow cylinder or a Hollow prism formed combustion chamber shell is composed and with a loading opening for the fuels, which is arranged in the combustion chamber shell, and a combustion chamber door for closing this loading opening as required and with a Rauchgaska channel, which is connected to an interior of the combustion chamber shell, and with an air guide device, characterized that the supply air guide device ( 21 ) for deflecting the along the side wall ( 10 to 13 ) in the direction of the combustion chamber floor plate ( 8 ) to supplied air ( 64 ) to several in the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber element ( 9 ) and / or perpendicular to the combustion chamber -Bottom plate ( 8 ) at different heights ordered areas in the interior ( 60 ) of the combustion chamber ( 3 ) is formed ( Fig. 1, 12, 22). 3. Supply air distribution device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in a vertical direction to a combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ) above and di punched from the supply air guide device ( 21 ) a guide channel ( 66 ) for dividing the air ( 64 ) via a parallel to the combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ) running width of the side wall ( 10 to 13 ) is arranged ( Fig. 1). 4. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the supply air guide device ( 21 ) has a transverse distribution channel ( 48 ) open in the direction of the combustion chamber cover plate ( 7 ), which via parallel to the combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ) and / or perpendicular to this spaced through-flow openings ( 49 , 50 , 102 , 127 ) with the interior ( 60 ) of the combustion chamber ( 3 ) is connected ( Fig. 1, 12, 22). 5. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow openings ( 49 , 50 , 102 , 127 ) are assigned a control flap ( 130 ) or control devices ( 142 , 143 ) ( Fig. 22, 26) . 6. supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control flap ( 130 ) or the Regelvorrichtun gene ( 142 , 143 ) with an adjusting device ( 133 , 146 ) are coupled, which with a control device ( 148 ) are connected, which is optionally connected to at least one, for example in the combustion chamber ( 3 ) arranged transducer ( 149 ) for detecting the temperature and / or the gases and / or the flow rate ( Fig. 3). 7. Supply air distribution device, in which the supply air guide device, which is arranged or supported in the loading area of the combustion chamber floor, has a partition wall which is spaced in the area of the combustion chamber base plate by a predeterminable distance from the side wall and which is at least part of a width or ei Nes circumference of the side wall or the combustion chamber jacket extends, according to one or more of claims 1-6, characterized in that a bottom edge ( 33 ) facing the combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ) of the partition ( 23 ) of the supply air guiding device ( 21 ) at a predeterminable height distance ( 34 ) above the combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ) or the contact surface ( 97 ), and with at least one transverse, in particular perpendicular to its length, vertical support web ( 25 , 26 , 96 ) is connected , which is supported in the combustion chamber or is supported on this and / or the furnace body ( 2 ), and that between the support webs ( 25 , 26 , 96 ) a floor guide plate ( 24 ) is arranged, which extends from the foot part ( 22 ) or a footprint ( 97 ) of the air guide device ( 21 ) for support on the combustion chamber floor in the direction of the partition wall ( 23 ), and that at least in the region of the opposite end regions ( 30 , 31 ) of the partition ( 23 ) throughflow openings ( 49 , 50 ) are arranged in the bottom guide plate ( 24 ) ( FIGS. 1 and 3). 8. supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support webs ( 25 , 26 , 96 ) and / or the Bodenleit plate ( 24 ) on a foot part ( 22 ) or a contact surface ( 97 ) of the supply air guide device ( 21 ) is supported or molded. 9. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the supply air guide device ( 21 ) or individual parts thereof on a side wall ( 10 to 13 ) and / or a combustion chamber door ( 15 ) and / or a combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ) is supported or molded. 10. supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the partition ( 23 ) in a perpendicular to its longitudinal axis ( 29 ) plane ( 32 ) in the direction of the from the partition ( 23 ) further distanced side wall ( 12th ) is inclined and with the combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ) or standing surface ( 97 ) includes an angle ( 37 ) which is smaller than 90 ° ( FIGS. 3 and 5). 11. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the partition ( 23 ) over its length between the two support webs ( 25 , 26 ) is curved, in particular convexly curved ( Fig. 4). 12. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a distance ( 28 ) between an upper end edge ( 38 ) of the partition ( 23 ) and the associated side wall ( 10 ) or the combustion chamber jacket ( 9 ) is greater than a distance between one of the combustion chamber floor plate ( 8 ) facing lower edge ( 33 ) of the partition ( 23 ) and the side wall ( 10 ) or the combustion chamber jacket ( 9 ) ( Fig. 2). 13. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the side wall ( 10 ) or the combustion chamber door ( 15 ) facing front edges of the support webs ( 25 , 26 ) as well as the opposite side wall ( 12 ) or . The combustion chamber door ( 15 ) and optionally the combustion chamber floor limit an end outlet of a supply air guide channel ( 47 ) formed between the supply air guide device ( 21 ) and the side wall ( 10 ) ( FIG. 4). 14. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the base plate ( 24 ) in the region of one of the partition wall ( 23 ) facing upper edge ( 43 ) with a longitudinal edge ( 45 ) of a preferably parallel to the foot part ( 22 ) and / or at an angle to the bottom guide plate ( 24 ) and in the direction of the lower edge ( 33 ) of the partition ( 23 ) projecting cover guide plate ( 44 ) is connected, which in turn with its opposite further longitudinal edge ( 45 ) with the lower edge ( 33 ) of the Partition ( 23 ) is connected ( Fig. 3). 15. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the longitudinal edge ( 46 ) connected to the base guide plate ( 24 ) of the cover guide plate ( 44 ) in the direction of the partition ( 23 ) and over the end edge ( 38 ) of the partition ( 23 ) protrudes ( Fig. 3). 16. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that at least one flow opening ( 49 , 50 , 102 , 127 ) on the side facing the bottom guide plate ( 24 ) through an approximately parallel to the support webs ( 25 , 26th ) aligned side cheek ( 93 ) is limited ( Fig. 9). 17. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that in the area of the flow openings ( 49 , 50 ) in the cover guide plate ( 44 ) at least one recess is arranged, preferably part of the cover guide plate ( 44 ) is removed ( Fig. 4, 5, 10, 11, 19). 18. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the opposite, most distant side cheeks ( 93 ) at least between the cover plate ( 44 ) or in the extension thereof and the interior ( 60 ) from the facing upper edge ( 43 ) of the floor guide plate ( 24 ) or overlap it ( Fig. 9). 19. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the transitions between the support webs ( 25 , 26 ), the partition ( 23 ) and the foot part ( 22 ) are provided with fillets. 20. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the transitions between the partition ( 23 ), the cover plate ( 44 ) and the bottom plate ( 24 ) are rounded. 21. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the support webs ( 25 , 26 ), the partition ( 23 ) and the bottom guide plate ( 24 ) are arranged in a plan view of the foot part ( 22 ) within its outer boundaries . 22. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that an underside of the flow openings ( 49 , 50 ) is arranged at a distance above the foot part ( 22 ). 23. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that in the region of the throughflow openings ( 49 , 50 , 102 , 127 ) an air guide strip projecting beyond the foot part ( 22 ) is arranged. 24. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that a through the foot part ( 22 ), the bottom guide plate ( 24 ) and the cover guide plate ( 44 ) formed transverse distribution channel ( 48 ) in the mutually opposite end regions ( 30 , 31 ) is limited by the support webs ( 25 , 26 ), and these extend at least over part of the cross-sectional area of this transverse distribution channel ( 48 ). 25. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the flow openings ( 49 , 50 ) are arranged at a longitudinal distance ( 104 ) within the support webs ( 25 , 26 ) ( Fig. 13). 26. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the flow openings ( 49 , 50 ) in the bottom baffle ( 24 ) are arranged and above it at least one further flow opening ( 102 ) is arranged ( Fig. 12 to 15 ; 16, 17). 27. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the flow opening ( 102 ) through the longitudinal edge ( 46 ), the bottom guide plate ( 24 ) and the lower edge ( 33 ) of the partition ( 23 ) is limited ( Fig. 12 to 15; 16, 17). 28. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the flow opening ( 102 ) between the two most distant support webs ( 25 , 26 ) of the supply air direction ( 21 ) extends continuously and is preferably designed as a slot ( Figs. 12 to 15; 16, 17). 29. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that at least the supply air duct ( 47 ) and the through-flow openings ( 49 , 50 , 102 , 127 ) are arranged at different distances from the combustion chamber base plate ( 8 ). 30. Supply air distribution device according to one or more of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that a distance ( 39 ) between an end edge ( 38 ) of the supply air guide device ( 21 ) and a contact surface ( 97 ) or a height of the air guide device ( 21 ) at least corresponds to the height of an ember stick in a steady state ( Fig. 3). 31. Method for the supply of combustion air in heating devices in particular especially for solid fuels such as wood or the like a combustion chamber base plate, a combustion chamber cover plate that ver parallel to each other run and a combustion chamber formed by a hollow cylinder or hollow prism jacket is formed, via a supply air distribution device in controllable quantities Fuel supply air as primary air and between this and a flue gas outlet air as secondary air for the afterburning of the still combustible components of the Flue gases are fed, characterized in that a controllable amount of zu air is extracted from the circulating air and into the combustion chamber in the area of the flue gas let or a flue gas deflection over part of the width of a side wall as laminar flow in the manner of an air curtain is supplied, and that after the Er warm and expand the incoming air in the area of the combustion chamber dens collected and then in the height and / or over the circumference of the combustion chamber distributed areas is supplied.