ES2379442T3 - Small heating installation - Google Patents
Small heating installation Download PDFInfo
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- ES2379442T3 ES2379442T3 ES09011995T ES09011995T ES2379442T3 ES 2379442 T3 ES2379442 T3 ES 2379442T3 ES 09011995 T ES09011995 T ES 09011995T ES 09011995 T ES09011995 T ES 09011995T ES 2379442 T3 ES2379442 T3 ES 2379442T3
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- Prior art keywords
- conveyor belt
- combustion
- air
- combustion chamber
- heating installation
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
- F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
- F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
- F23B30/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces that move through the combustion zone, e.g. with chain grates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
- F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
- F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
- F23G2203/8016—Belt conveyors
Abstract
Description
Pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n Small heating installation
La invenci6n se refiere a una pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n, para biomasas vegetales, segun el preambulo de la reivindicaci6n 1, con una camara de combusti6n en la que se puede introducir la biomasa. The invention relates to a small heating installation, for plant biomass, according to the preamble of claim 1, with a combustion chamber into which the biomass can be introduced.
Considerando los recursos cada vez mas limitados de combustibles f6siles como, por ejemplo, el petr6leo y el gas natural, en los ultimos tiempos ha ganado cada vez mas en importancia la biomasa vegetal como recurso energetico. Por consiguiente se han desarrollado, por ejemplo, pequefas instalaciones de calefacci6n en las que en una camara de combusti6n, se quema biomasa, en especial pastillas de madera. Para el funcionamiento continuo de las instalaciones, el combustible se tiene, o las pastillas de madera se tienen, que alimentar automaticamente a la camara de combusti6n. Considering the increasingly limited resources of fossil fuels such as, for example, oil and natural gas, in recent times it has become increasingly important in plant biomass as an energy resource. Therefore, for example, small heating installations have been developed in which in a combustion chamber, biomass is burned, especially wood pellets. For the continuous operation of the facilities, the fuel is had, or the wood pellets are, to be automatically fed to the combustion chamber.
Para la aplicaci6n en la construcci6n de viviendas (casas uni y multifamiliares con un regimen de potencia menor de cien kilovatios) a la que esta dirigida en especial la presente invenci6n, se conocen distintos tipos de hogar, o de las correspondientes pequefas instalaciones de calefacci6n. For the application in the construction of houses (single and multi-family houses with a power regime of less than one hundred kilowatts) to which the present invention is directed in particular, different types of homes are known, or of the corresponding small heating installations.
En el llamado hogar con alimentaci6n por debajo, el combustible se mete lentamente por debajo en la camara de combusti6n. Un fog6n para el hogar con alimentaci6n por debajo, se puede construir con sencillez y robusto, y trabaja eficazmente y relativamente con poco entretenimiento. Por lo demas la ceniza es empujada por las pastillas que se afaden, por encima del borde de la placa de combusti6n, y cae en un cenicero, sin ningun otro medio auxiliar. In the so-called household with power below, the fuel slowly gets underneath in the combustion chamber. A home stove with power supply below, can be built simply and robustly, and works efficiently and relatively with little entertainment. Otherwise the ash is pushed by the tablets that are attached, above the edge of the combustion plate, and falls into an ashtray, without any other auxiliary means.
No obstante, en caso de mal entremezclado con el aire, pueden caer partfculas no quemadas de las pastillas por encima del borde de la placa de combusti6n, puesto que son empujadas automaticamente desde fuera, mas alla de la zona de combusti6n. Por lo demas, las pastillas en el sistema de transporte, estan siempre en contacto directo con la zona incandescente. Si se detiene la instalaci6n, el combustible ya no se puede quemar mas completamente por causa de la falta de aire, y se va carbonizando con gran emisi6n de gases. Por lo tanto son necesarias precauciones especiales contra un encendido posterior. Por lo demas, las pastillas llegan en forma comprimida a la placa de combusti6n, de modo que el aire primario tiene una mala posibilidad de ataque. Esto conduce a una combusti6n retardada, quedando sobrantes, en el caso mas desfavorable, componentes sin quemar. However, in case of bad intermingling with the air, unburned particles of the pads may fall over the edge of the combustion plate, since they are automatically pushed from outside, beyond the combustion zone. For the rest, the pads in the transport system are always in direct contact with the incandescent zone. If the installation is stopped, the fuel can no longer be completely burned due to lack of air, and it becomes charred with large gas emissions. Therefore special precautions against a subsequent ignition are necessary. Moreover, the pads arrive in compressed form to the combustion plate, so that the primary air has a bad chance of attack. This leads to delayed combustion, leaving unburned components in the most unfavorable case.
En el llamado hogar con alimentaci6n lateral es posible una construcci6n compacta del fog6n para el hogar. Por lo demas el nivel de carga se puede medir mediante sencillos sensores de nivel o barreras de luz. Ademas, camaras de combusti6n de tierra refractaria o de carburo de silicio, con estrechamiento de la secci6n transversal, permiten altas temperaturas en la zona de las llamas. Esto conduce a una gran eficacia con emisiones especialmente bajas. In the so-called household with side feed a compact construction of the hearth for the home is possible. Otherwise the load level can be measured by simple level sensors or light barriers. In addition, chambers of combustion of refractory earth or silicon carbide, with narrowing of the cross section, allow high temperatures in the area of the flames. This leads to great efficiency with especially low emissions.
No obstante, el lecho incandescente no es homogeneo, porque se compone al mismo tiempo de pastillas no quemadas, carbonizadas e incandescentes. Por lo tanto no es posible una preparaci6n uniforme del gas en toda la secci6n transversal de la zona de las llamas. Puesto que las pastillas en el sistema de transporte estan siempre en contacto directo con la zona incandescente, cuando la instalaci6n se detiene, el combustible ya no puede arder mas completamente por causa de la falta de aire. Por lo demas, son necesarias precauciones especiales contra un encendido posterior. Ademas, el aire primario tiene una mala posibilidad de ataque, puesto que las pastillas llegan en forma comprimida a la placa de combusti6n. However, the incandescent bed is not homogeneous, because it is composed at the same time of unburned, charred and incandescent tablets. Therefore, a uniform preparation of the gas throughout the cross section of the flame area is not possible. Since the pads in the transport system are always in direct contact with the incandescent zone, when the installation stops, the fuel can no longer burn more completely due to lack of air. For the rest, special precautions against subsequent ignition are necessary. In addition, the primary air has a bad chance of attack, since the pads arrive in compressed form to the combustion plate.
En el llamado hogar con alimentaci6n por gravedad, las pastillas caen desde un pozo de carga, a traves de un plano inclinado, sobre una parrilla de combusti6n, o en un quemador de cubeta. Puesto que de este modo la alimentaci6n de la pastilla esta separada constructivamente de la zona incandescente, se puede detener la instalaci6n con rapidez y con bajas emisiones de gases. Ademas, el disefo supone un aseguramiento contra un encendido posterior, que en los otros dos sistemas de calefacci6n, se tiene que realizar mediante esclusas de rueda celular, desarrolladas parcialmente de forma especial. In the so-called household with gravity feeding, the tablets fall from a loading pit, through an inclined plane, on a combustion grill, or in a bucket burner. Since in this way the feeding of the tablet is constructively separated from the incandescent zone, the installation can be stopped quickly and with low gas emissions. In addition, the design is an assurance against a subsequent ignition, which in the other two heating systems, must be carried out by means of cell wheel locks, partially developed in a special way.
No obstante, las pastillas que caen perturban mucho el lecho incandescente, por lo que se acrecienta el polvo, y se pueden arremolinar partfculas sin quemar. Por lo demas, se puede generar un comportamiento inestable de la combusti6n. Ademas, las partes finas en el combustible, no llegan a la zona incandescente, porque son arrastradas con la corriente de los gases de combusti6n, de manera que elevan la producci6n de polvo en los gases de escape. Para una extracci6n automatica de las cenizas es necesario inclinar o dar sacudidas a la parrilla. Para ello son necesarios dispositivos especiales que se tienen que montar en la zona caliente de la instalaci6n. However, the falling pads greatly disturb the incandescent bed, so the dust increases, and particles can be swirled without burning. Moreover, unstable combustion behavior can be generated. In addition, the fine parts in the fuel do not reach the incandescent zone, because they are carried along with the stream of combustion gases, so that they raise the production of dust in the exhaust gases. For automatic removal of the ashes it is necessary to tilt or shake the grill. This requires special devices that must be mounted in the hot zone of the installation.
Por el documento GB 835979 A se conoce un hogar de parrilla m6vil, en el que combustible dispuesto sobre una llamada parrilla m6vil, se transporta para la combusti6n, a una camara de combusti6n. Una parrilla m6vil esta caracterizada por una multitud de barrotes de la parrilla que se reunen en los llamados haces transversales, y estan fijados en los costados exteriores a los eslabones de cadenas sin fin. Asf se genera una cinta sin fin que vista desde arriba, parece mayormente la cubierta de una escalera mecanica. A traves del espacio intermedio entre dos barrotes contiguos de la parrilla, se puede conducir un viento soplado por debajo que atiza un fuego potente de base en la capa incandescente inferior, que como consecuencia de la colocaci6n movediza, se propaga rapidamente en la capa de combustible situada encima. From GB 835979 A a mobile grill household is known, in which fuel arranged on a so-called mobile grill, is transported for combustion, to a combustion chamber. A mobile grill is characterized by a multitude of bars of the grill that meet in the so-called transverse beams, and are fixed on the outer sides to the links of endless chains. Thus an endless belt is generated that seen from above, it seems mostly the cover of an escalator. Through the intermediate space between two contiguous bars of the grill, a blown wind can be driven below that fuels a powerful base fire in the lower incandescent layer, which as a result of the quick-moving placement, spreads rapidly in the fuel layer above.
Por lo demas, por el documento WO 2006/117579 A1 se conoce un dispositivo para la gasificaci6n y combusti6n de pastillas compuestas de plantas herbaceas. El dispositivo presenta una camara de combusti6n en la que esta dispuesta una parrilla m6vil. Moreover, from WO 2006/117579 A1 a device is known for the gasification and combustion of tablets composed of herbaceous plants. The device has a combustion chamber in which a mobile grill is arranged.
Se conoce otro hogar de parrilla m6vil por el documento GB 973,244 A. Another mobile grill home is known from GB 973,244 A.
Es misi6n de la invenci6n poner a disposici6n una pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n citada al comienzo, que para reducida emisi6n de gases y eficacia elevada, pueda funcionar continuamente de forma confortable. It is the mission of the invention to make available a small heating installation mentioned at the beginning, which, for reduced gas emission and high efficiency, can operate continuously comfortably.
La soluci6n de esta misi6n se deduce de las notas caracterfsticas de la parte significativa de la reivindicaci6n 1. Perfeccionamientos ventajosos de la invenci6n se deducen de las reivindicaciones secundarias. The solution of this mission is deduced from the characteristic notes of the significant part of claim 1. Advantageous improvements of the invention are deduced from the secondary claims.
Segun la invenci6n, una pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n para biomasas vegetales, con una camara de combusti6n en la que se puede introducir la biomasa, esta caracterizada porque la biomasa se puede introducir en la camara de combusti6n mediante una cinta transportadora permeable al aire. La biomasa se conduce en forma ventajosa sobre la cinta transportadora a traves de la camara de combusti6n, y se quema sobre la cinta transportadora. According to the invention, a small heating installation for plant biomass, with a combustion chamber in which the biomass can be introduced, is characterized in that the biomass can be introduced into the combustion chamber by means of an air-permeable conveyor belt. The biomass is advantageously conducted on the conveyor belt through the combustion chamber, and burns on the conveyor belt.
Haciendo que la biomasa se pueda introducir en la camara de combusti6n mediante una cinta transportadora permeable al aire, se puede por una parte conducir la biomasa de forma sencilla a la camara de combusti6n y, por otra parte, se consigue una combusti6n muy buena de la biomasa. En especial se contrarresta una sinterizaci6n de la escoria generada en la combusti6n. By making the biomass can be introduced into the combustion chamber by means of an air-permeable conveyor belt, the biomass can be conducted in a simple way to the combustion chamber and, on the other hand, a very good combustion of the biomass In particular, sintering of the slag generated in combustion is counteracted.
Puesto que la combusti6n de la biomasa tiene lugar en la cinta transportadora y la cinta transportadora es permeable al aire, los residuos de la combusti6n se pueden enfriar mediante alimentaci6n de aire. Esto contrarresta una fusi6n de los residuos de la combusti6n y, por tanto, una escorificaci6n de las cenizas de madera, por ejemplo, en el caso de la combusti6n de pastillas de madera. Por lo demas, haciendo que la biomasa se introduzca en la camara de combusti6n en una cinta transportadora, se impide que la biomasa se queme como en montones. Esto es especialmente ventajoso, puesto que precisamente en el caso de una quema de pastillas de madera formando montones, no se puede lograr una combusti6n completa de pastillas de madera, lo cual favorece la formaci6n de hollfn y alquitran. Estos inconvenientes se presentan en especial en el caso de una mala calidad de las pastillas. Since the combustion of the biomass takes place in the conveyor belt and the conveyor belt is permeable to air, the residues of the combustion can be cooled by air supply. This counteracts a melting of the combustion residues and, therefore, a scorching of the wood ashes, for example, in the case of the burning of wood pellets. Moreover, by causing the biomass to enter the combustion chamber on a conveyor belt, the biomass is prevented from burning as in piles. This is especially advantageous, since precisely in the case of burning wood chips forming heaps, a complete combustion of wood chips cannot be achieved, which favors the formation of holfron and tar. These drawbacks occur especially in the case of poor quality of the tablets.
Gracias a la disposici6n de la biomasa sobre una cinta transportadora, se pueden retirar, ademas, sin problemas, los residuos de la combusti6n de la camara de combusti6n. Pues, mediante la disposici6n de la biomasa sobre la cinta transportadora, se pueden retirar los residuos de la combusti6n, de la camara de combusti6n, de la misma forma y manera que se alimenta la biomasa a la camara de combusti6n. La cinta transportadora unicamente necesita estar dimensionada de manera que sea llevada fuera de la camara de combusti6n, con lo que los residuos de la combusti6n puedan ser arrojados a un dep6sito colector dispuesto al final de la cinta transportadora. Thanks to the arrangement of the biomass on a conveyor belt, the combustion residues of the combustion chamber can also be removed without problems. Thus, by disposing of the biomass on the conveyor belt, the residues of the combustion, of the combustion chamber, can be removed in the same way and way that the biomass is fed to the combustion chamber. The conveyor belt only needs to be sized so that it is carried out of the combustion chamber, whereby the waste from the combustion can be thrown into a collection tank arranged at the end of the conveyor belt.
En forma ventajosa la cinta transportadora presenta fibras ceramicas o losetas ceramicas. De este modo se puede conseguir de forma sencilla una permeabilidad al aire de la cinta transportadora. Advantageously, the conveyor belt has ceramic fibers or ceramic tiles. In this way, an air permeability of the conveyor belt can be easily achieved.
No obstante, es especialmente ventajoso cuando la cinta transportadora se compone completamente de fibras ceramicas o losetas ceramicas, en especial de un tejido ceramico resistente al desgarro. El tejido ceramico tiene de preferencia, hilos de urdimbre que discurren en la direcci6n de transporte de la cinta transportadora, e hilos de trama que discurren perpendiculares a los hilos de urdimbre. Un tejido ceramico semejante es resistente a las altas temperaturas, y extraordinariamente resistente contra gotas de metal fundido. Por lo demas se caracteriza por una elevada estabilidad mecanica y por una capacidad de carga en caso de un choque termico. However, it is especially advantageous when the conveyor belt is completely composed of ceramic fibers or ceramic tiles, especially a tear-resistant ceramic fabric. The ceramic fabric preferably has warp threads that run in the direction of transport of the conveyor belt, and weft threads that run perpendicular to the warp threads. A similar ceramic fabric is resistant to high temperatures, and extraordinarily resistant against drops of molten metal. Otherwise it is characterized by high mechanical stability and a load capacity in case of thermal shock.
Gracias a la configuraci6n de la cinta transportadora, de tejido ceramico, se consigue una permeabilidad muy buena al aire. En especial es ventajoso que el aire no atraviesa solamente en lugares aislados, sino en lo esencial de plano, es decir, distribuido casi uniformemente. De este modo se pueden enfriar muy bien los residuos de la combusti6n que estan situados en la cinta transportadora, lo cual contrarresta en especial una escorificaci6n de las cenizas de madera generadas en la combusti6n de pastillas de madera. Por lo demas, el aire que circula a traves del tejido, sirve para una mejor gasificaci6n y, por lo tanto, para una mejor combusti6n de la biomasa. Mediante el aire alimentado, no s6lo se contrarresta una escorificaci6n de los residuos de la combusti6n, sino tambien se mejora la combusti6n. Thanks to the configuration of the conveyor belt, made of ceramic fabric, a very good air permeability is achieved. In particular, it is advantageous that the air does not pass only in isolated places, but essentially in the plane, that is, distributed almost evenly. In this way the combustion residues that are located on the conveyor belt can be cooled very well, which in particular counteracts a scorching of the wood ashes generated in the combustion of wood pellets. Moreover, the air that circulates through the tissue, serves for a better gasification and, therefore, for a better combustion of the biomass. By means of the fed air, not only is a scorching of the combustion residues counteracted, but also the combustion is improved.
Aunque una cinta transportadora de un tejido ceramico se ha demostrado tambien especialmente ventajosa, tambien podrfan entrar en acci6n otros tejidos flexibles resistentes a la temperatura. Although a conveyor belt of a ceramic fabric has also proved especially advantageous, other temperature resistant flexible fabrics could also be put into action.
En otra forma de realizaci6n de la invenci6n esta previsto que la cinta transportadora este conducida sobre un apoyo que presente unas primeras aberturas de salida de aire. De este modo se puede conducir aire, de forma sencilla, a traves de la cinta transportadora. Entonces el aire que circula a traves de las primeras aberturas de salida de aire, atraviesa la cinta transportadora. En el caso de una cinta transportadora compuesta de fibras ceramicas, todavfa tiene lugar en forma ventajosa una distribuci6n del aire que sale de las primeras aberturas de salida de aire. De este modo se enfrfan uniformemente los residuos de la combusti6n dispuestos sobre la cinta transportadora. In another embodiment of the invention it is provided that the conveyor belt is driven on a support having first air outlet openings. In this way, air can be conducted simply through the conveyor belt. Then the air that circulates through the first air outlet openings passes through the conveyor belt. In the case of a conveyor belt composed of ceramic fibers, a distribution of the air leaving the first air outlet openings still advantageously takes place. In this way the combustion residues arranged on the conveyor belt are cooled evenly.
En la forma de realizaci6n citada ultimamente, es muy ventajoso cuando el apoyo forma al menos parcialmente, la pared de un recinto hueco que presenta una conexi6n para alimentaci6n de aire. De este modo se pueden abastecer con aire una multitud de primeras aberturas de salida de aire. Si se alimenta aire al recinto hueco mediante la conexi6n para alimentaci6n de aire, sale este por las primeras aberturas de salida de aire, y atraviesa la cinta transportadora permeable al aire. In the aforementioned embodiment, it is very advantageous when the support forms at least partially the wall of a hollow enclosure that has a connection for air supply. In this way, a multitude of first air outlet openings can be supplied with air. If air is fed to the hollow enclosure through the air supply connection, it exits through the first air outlet openings, and passes through the air-permeable conveyor belt.
El recinto hueco esta configurado en forma ventajosa, en su secci6n transversal, en forma de U con los extremos de los lados, doblados uno hacia otro. De este modo se puede alimentar mas aire a la combusti6n de la biomasa situada sobre la cinta transportadora, con lo que se mejora la combusti6n. Para ello, los extremos doblados de los lados necesitan unicamente presentar en sus caras frontales, segundas aberturas de salida de aire que de preferencia estan configuradas como toberas. De este modo, la biomasa ardiente situada sobre la cinta transportadora recibe, por debajo, aire que atraviesa la cinta transportadora y, lateralmente, aire que sale de las segundas aberturas de salida de aire. Esto repercute muy ventajosamente sobre el proceso de combusti6n, es decir, tiene lugar una combusti6n casi completa de la biomasa, lo cual tiene como consecuencia una eficacia muy elevada, asf como una muy baja emisi6n de gases. The hollow enclosure is advantageously configured, in its cross section, in a U-shape with the ends of the sides, bent towards each other. In this way more air can be fed to the combustion of the biomass located on the conveyor belt, thereby improving combustion. For this, the folded ends of the sides only need to present on their front faces, second air outlet openings that are preferably configured as nozzles. In this way, the burning biomass located on the conveyor belt receives, underneath, air that passes through the conveyor belt and, laterally, air that leaves the second air outlet openings. This has a very advantageous effect on the combustion process, that is, almost complete combustion of the biomass takes place, which results in very high efficiency, as well as a very low emission of gases.
Es muy ventajosa una forma de realizaci6n de la invenci6n, en la que la camara de combusti6n esta rodeada con un aislamiento que forma con la camara de combusti6n, un paso anular, uno de cuyos extremos esta unido con la conexi6n para alimentaci6n de aire. De este modo, el aire alimentado a la camara de combusti6n, es decir, el aire que pasa por las primeras y las segundas aberturas de salida de aire, puede ser aspirado a traves del paso anular, con lo que el aire se calienta, o la camara de combusti6n se enfrfa muy eficazmente. El calentamiento del aire alimentado a la camara de combusti6n repercute muy ventajosamente sobre el proceso de combusti6n. Puesto que la temperatura del aire precalentado es muy baja en comparaci6n con la temperatura de los residuos de la combusti6n, los residuos de la combusti6n todavfa se pueden enfriar muy bien, mediante el aire precalentado. A form of embodiment of the invention is very advantageous, in which the combustion chamber is surrounded with an insulation that forms with the combustion chamber, an annular passage, one of whose ends is connected to the air supply connection. In this way, the air fed to the combustion chamber, that is, the air that passes through the first and second air outlet openings, can be sucked through the annular passage, whereby the air is heated, or the combustion chamber cools very effectively. The heating of the air fed to the combustion chamber has a very beneficial effect on the combustion process. Since the temperature of the preheated air is very low compared to the temperature of the combustion residues, the combustion residues can still be cooled very well, by means of the preheated air.
En otra forma especial de realizaci6n, esta previsto que la cinta transportadora se desvfe en la direcci6n de transporte despues de la camara de combusti6n, y que en la zona del punto de desviaci6n este dispuesto un rascador. Mediante la desviaci6n de la cinta transportadora despues de la camara de combusti6n, se consigue que los residuos de la combusti6n dispuestos sobre la cinta transportadora, caigan de la cinta transportadora. Mediante el rascador se impide que en la cinta transportadora queden residuos adheridos. Esto es muy ventajoso puesto que los residuos de la combusti6n adheridos en la cinta transportadora repercuten desventajosamente sobre la permeabilidad al aire de la cinta transportadora y, por tanto, se lleva a cabo una combusti6n peor de la biomasa, asf como una sinterizaci6n de los residuos de la combusti6n. In another special embodiment, it is provided that the conveyor belt deflects in the direction of transport after the combustion chamber, and that a scraper is arranged in the area of the deviation point. By deflecting the conveyor belt after the combustion chamber, the combustion residues arranged on the conveyor belt are made to fall from the conveyor belt. Using the scraper prevents adhering debris from the conveyor belt. This is very advantageous since the combustion residues adhered to the conveyor belt have a disadvantage on the air permeability of the conveyor belt and, therefore, a worse combustion of the biomass is carried out, as well as a sintering of the residues of combustion.
Otras particularidades, notas caracterfsticas y ventajas de la presente invenci6n, se deducen de la descripci6n siguiente de un ejemplo especial de realizaci6n, con referencia al dibujo. Other particularities, characteristic notes and advantages of the present invention are deduced from the following description of a special embodiment, with reference to the drawing.
Se muestran� They are shown�
�igura 1 una representaci6n esquematica de una instalaci6n de calefacci6n configurada segun la invenci6n, en corte en alzado, Figure 1 a schematic representation of a heating installation configured according to the invention, in elevation,
figura 2 una representaci6n esquematica de una parte de la instalaci6n que comprende la cinta transportadora, de la instalaci6n de calefacci6n representada en la figura 1, en representaci6n en perspectiva, y Figure 2 a schematic representation of a part of the installation comprising the conveyor belt, of the heating installation shown in Figure 1, in perspective representation, and
figura 3 una representaci6n esquematica de la parte de la instalaci6n que afecta a la alimentaci6n de aire, de la pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n representada en la figura 1, en representaci6n en perspectiva. 3 shows a schematic representation of the part of the installation that affects the air supply of the small heating installation represented in figure 1, in perspective representation.
Como se puede deducir de la figura 1, una pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n configurada segun la invenci6n, presenta una camara 1 de combusti6n en la que estan dispuestos deflectores 1a. En la zona inferior de la camara 1 de combusti6n esta dispuesta una cinta 3 transportadora mediante la cual se transportan pastillas 2 de madera a, As can be deduced from Figure 1, a small heating installation configured according to the invention has a combustion chamber 1 in which deflectors 1a are arranged. In the lower area of the combustion chamber 1, a conveyor belt 3 is arranged by means of which wooden pads 2 are transported to,
o a traves de, la camara 1 de combusti6n. Las pastillas 2 de madera se encuentran en un dep6sito 2a de reserva para pastillas, en cuyo extremo inferior esta dispuesta una esclusa 11 para pastillas, estanca a los gases y a la presi6n. or through, the combustion chamber 1. The wooden tablets 2 are located in a storage tank 2a for tablets, at the lower end of which a padlock 11 is arranged, sealed against gases and pressure.
En la desviaci6n de la cinta 3 transportadora, mas alejada de la esclusa 11 para pastillas, esta dispuesto un rascador 8, mediante el cual se pueden raspar de la cinta 3 transportadora, los residuos de la combusti6n adheridos a la cinta 3 transportadora. In the deflection of the conveyor belt 3, further away from the padlock 11, a scraper 8 is arranged, by which the combustion residues adhered to the conveyor belt 3 can be scraped off the conveyor belt 3.
Por debajo de la camara 1 de combusti6n, o de la cinta 3 transportadora, esta dispuesto un dep6sito 12 colector de cenizas en el que se pueden introducir los residuos de la combusti6n. El dep6sito 12 colector de cenizas esta unido con la camara 1 de combusti6n mediante una exclusa 18 estanca a los gases y a la presi6n. Por lo demas, por debajo de la camara 1 de combusti6n esta dispuesta una cisterna 13 de agua caliente en el que se contiene agua que se caldea mediante un cambiador de calor no representado en la figura 1, cuyo portador de calor se calienta en la camara 1 de combusti6n. Below the combustion chamber 1, or the conveyor belt 3, an ash collector tank 12 is disposed into which the combustion residues can be introduced. The ash collector tank 12 is connected to the combustion chamber 1 by means of an exclusive gas-tight and pressure-tight 18. Moreover, below the combustion chamber 1, a hot water cistern 13 is disposed containing water which is heated by a heat exchanger not shown in Figure 1, whose heat carrier is heated in the chamber. 1 of combustion.
La camara 1 de combusti6n presenta, por lo demas, una segunda alimentaci6n 19 de aire que mezcla los gases de combusti6n con aire de combusti6n (aire secundario) y, de este modo, hace posible una combusti6n casi completa. The combustion chamber 1 has, at the same time, a second supply of air 19 that mixes the combustion gases with combustion air (secondary air) and, thus, makes almost complete combustion possible.
La camara 1 de combusti6n esta envuelta con un aislamiento 14 interior de la camara de combusti6n, compuesto de ceramica. Ademas, la camara de combusti6n presenta todavfa un aislamiento 9 exterior que esta dispuesto distanciado del aislamiento 14 interior de la camara de combusti6n, de manera que entre el aislamiento 14 interior de la camara de combusti6n y el aislamiento 9 exterior, exista un paso 10 anular. The combustion chamber 1 is wrapped with an inner insulation 14 of the combustion chamber, made of ceramic. In addition, the combustion chamber still has an outer insulation 9 that is disposed away from the inner insulation 14 of the combustion chamber, so that between the inner insulation 14 of the combustion chamber and the outer insulation 9, there is an annular passage 10 .
El paso 10 anular desemboca por encima de la camara 1 de combusti6n, en una aspiraci6n 15 de aire a traves de la cual esta guiada una conducci6n 16 de gases de escape de la camara 1 de combusti6n. El paso 10 anular desemboca, por lo demas, en su extremo 10a inferior, en una conducci6n 17a de aspiraci6n de un soplador 17. Una conducci6n 17b de salida del soplador 17 esta unida, en una forma no representada en la figura 1, con una conexi6n 7 para alimentaci6n de aire de un recinto 6 hueco de una caja que forma un apoyo 4 para la cinta 3 transportadora. The annular passage 10 ends above the combustion chamber 1, in an air intake 15 through which an exhaust duct 16 of the combustion chamber 1 is guided. The annular passage 10 leads, moreover, at its lower end 10a, in a suction line 17a of a blower 17. An outlet line 17b of the blower 17 is connected, in a form not shown in Figure 1, with a connection 7 for supplying air from a hollow enclosure 6 of a box forming a support 4 for the conveyor belt 3.
Como se puede deducir en especial de la figura 2, la cinta 3 transportadora que se compone de un tejido de fibras ceramicas, se apoya en una pared de la caja, que presenta primeras aberturas 5a de salida de aire, y cuyo interior forma el recinto 6 hueco. En el recinto 6 hueco se puede introducir aire mediante la conexi6n 7 para alimentaci6n de aire. La caja esta configurada en la secci6n transversal, en forma de U, estando doblados los extremos de los lados 6a, 6b, uno hacia otro. En las caras frontales de los extremos curvados de los lados6a, 6b, estan dispuestas segundas aberturas 5b de salida de aire que estan configuradas como toberas. Las toberas estan orientadas de manera que el aire que sale de ellas, circule sobre la cinta 3 transportadora. As can be deduced in particular from Figure 2, the conveyor belt 3 which is composed of a ceramic fiber fabric, rests on a wall of the box, which has first air outlet openings 5a, and whose interior forms the enclosure 6 hollow. In the hollow enclosure 6, air can be introduced through connection 7 for air supply. The box is configured in the U-shaped cross section, the ends of the sides 6a, 6b, bent towards each other. On the front faces of the curved ends of the sides 6a, 6b, second air outlet openings 5b are arranged which are configured as nozzles. The nozzles are oriented so that the air that leaves them circulates on the conveyor belt 3.
En la figura 3 esta representado que el apoyo 4 en el que se apoya la cinta 3 transportadora, presenta las primeras aberturas 5a de salida de aire. Asf pues, el aire que sale de las primeras aberturas 5a de salida atraviesa la cinta 3 transportadora. De este modo se enfrfan los residuos de combusti6n dispuestos sobre la cinta 3 transportadora. Por lo demas, el aire que atraviesa la cinta 3 transportadora, favorece la combusti6n de las pastillas de madera dispuestas en la cinta 3 transportadora. In figure 3 it is shown that the support 4 on which the conveyor belt 3 rests, has the first air outlet openings 5a. Thus, the air leaving the first outlet openings 5a passes through the conveyor belt 3. In this way the combustion residues arranged on the conveyor belt 3 are cooled. Moreover, the air that passes through the conveyor belt 3 favors the combustion of the wooden tablets arranged in the conveyor belt 3.
Durante el funcionamiento de la pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n, mediante la esclusa 11 de pastillas, se depositan pastillas 2 de madera, sobre la cinta 3 transportadora. Si se mueve la cinta 3 transportadora, las pastillas 2 de madera se depositan de plano sobre la cinta 3 transportadora. During the operation of the small heating installation, by means of the padlock 11, wooden tablets 2 are deposited on the conveyor belt 3. If the conveyor belt 3 is moved, the wooden pads 2 are laid flat on the conveyor belt 3.
Mediante el movimiento de la cinta 3 transportadora en su direcci6n de transporte representada por la flecha 3a, las pastillas 2 de madera se conducen a la camara 1 de combusti6n. Allf se encienden y se queman. La combusti6n se favorece mediante el aire que pasa por las primeras aberturas 5a de salida de aire y atraviesa la cinta 3 transportadora, asf como por el aire que pasa por las segundas aberturas 5b de salida de aire. Puesto que el aire se condujo antes por el paso 10 anular, esta calentado, lo cual favorece mas la combusti6n. Por lo demas, los residuos de la combusti6n se enfrfan mediante el aire que sale de las primeras aberturas 5a de salida de aire. By moving the conveyor belt 3 in its transport direction represented by the arrow 3a, the wooden pads 2 are led to the combustion chamber 1. There they light and burn. Combustion is favored by the air passing through the first air outlet openings 5a and through the conveyor belt 3, as well as by the air passing through the second air outlet openings 5b. Since the air was previously conducted through the annular passage 10, it is heated, which further favors combustion. Moreover, the combustion residues are cooled by the air that leaves the first air outlet openings 5a.
Despues de que las pastillas 2 de madera se hayan quemado, por el movimiento de la cinta 3 transportadora llegan al punto de desviaci6n dispuesto despues de la camara 1 de combusti6n, con lo que caen de la cinta 3 transportadora y se llevan al dep6sito 12 colector de cenizas a traves de la esclusa 18 de las cenizas. After the wood pellets 2 have been burned, by the movement of the conveyor belt 3 they reach the deviation point arranged after the combustion chamber 1, whereby they fall from the conveyor belt 3 and are taken to the tank 12 collector of ashes through lock 18 of the ashes.
Mediante la alimentaci6n de aire desde el costado, asf como por debajo, se consigue una combusti6n muy efectiva, con lo que se reduce claramente la emisi6n de gases. Por lo demas, gracias a la alimentaci6n por debajo, se reduce el peligro de una sinterizaci6n de los residuos de la combusti6n. By feeding air from the side, as well as below, a very effective combustion is achieved, which clearly reduces the emission of gases. Moreover, thanks to the power supply below, the danger of sintering combustion residues is reduced.
Puesto que la combusti6n de las pastillas de madera tiene lugar sobre una cinta transportadora, la combusti6n se puede subdividir en zonas diferentes. La alimentaci6n de aire se puede adaptar a las diferentes zonas. Asf, por ejemplo, la alimentaci6n de aire se puede ajustar 6ptimamente al encendido de las pastillas de madera. Del mismo modo, se puede ajustar 6ptimamente a la combusti6n. Por lo demas, es posible que las pastillas de madera se sequen a la entrada de la camara 1 de combusti6n, en una zona de secado. Since the combustion of wood chips takes place on a conveyor belt, the combustion can be subdivided into different zones. The air supply can be adapted to different areas. Thus, for example, the air supply can be optimally adjusted to the ignition of the wood pellets. Similarly, it can be optimally adjusted for combustion. Moreover, it is possible for the wood pellets to dry at the inlet of the combustion chamber 1, in a drying zone.
Claims (7)
- 2. 2.
- Pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n segun la reivindicaci6n 1, caracterizada porque la cinta (3) transportadora se compone de fibras ceramicas. Small heating installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor belt (3) is composed of ceramic fibers.
- 3. 3.
- Pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n segun alguna de las reivindicaciones 1 6 2, caracterizada porque la cinta (3) transportadora esta conducida sobre un apoyo (4) que presenta unas primeras aberturas (5a) de salida de aire. Small heating installation according to any one of claims 1 6 2, characterized in that the conveyor belt (3) is driven on a support (4) that has first air outlet openings (5a).
- 10 4. Pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n segun la reivindicaci6n 3, caracterizada porque el apoyo (4) forma al menos parcialmente, la pared de un recinto (6) hueco que presenta una conexi6n (7) para alimentaci6n de aire. 10 4. Small heating installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the support (4) forms at least partially the wall of a hollow enclosure (6) having a connection (7) for air supply.
- 15 6. Pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n segun la reivindicaci6n 5, caracterizada porque los extremos doblados de los lados (6a, 6b), presentan en sus caras frontales, segundas aberturas (5b) de salida de aire. Small heating installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the folded ends of the sides (6a, 6b), have on their front faces, second air outlet openings (5b).
- 7. 7.
- Pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n segun la reivindicaci6n 6, caracterizada porque las segundas aberturas (5b) de salida de aire estan configuradas como toberas. Small heating installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the second air outlet openings (5b) are configured as nozzles.
- 8. 8.
- Pequefa instalaci6n de calefacci6n segun alguna de las reivindicaciones 4 a 7, caracterizada porque la camara Small heating installation according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the chamber
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008050239 | 2008-10-02 | ||
| DE102008050239A DE102008050239A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2008-10-02 | small heating system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2379442T3 true ES2379442T3 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
Family
ID=41460493
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES09011995T Active ES2379442T3 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2009-09-21 | Small heating installation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2172704B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE538346T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102008050239A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2379442T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011102678A1 (en) | 2011-05-28 | 2012-11-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Dosing device for variable quantity metering of bulk material e.g. wood fuel pellet, has metering gap which is variable and/or movable using dosing unit, so that loose portions of bulk material retained or fall through by metering gap |
| DE102012020929A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2014-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Heater for combustion of solid fuels e.g. timber pellets, has ash container connected with area below combustion grate over ash exhaust opening, and ash lock formed as passage to ash container in area below ash exhaust opening |
| CN103225802B (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2015-07-15 | 刘曜 | Steam, heat and charcoal triple co-generation biomass combustion device |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE584873C (en) * | 1931-12-16 | 1933-09-25 | Karl Wiedelmann Dipl Ing | Process for operating mechanically operated grate furnaces |
| US2795200A (en) * | 1952-02-27 | 1957-06-11 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Apparatus for burning solid fuel |
| GB835979A (en) | 1958-06-27 | 1960-06-01 | Int Combustion Holdings Ltd | Improvements in or relating to travelling stokers for shell type boilers |
| GB973244A (en) | 1960-02-05 | 1964-10-21 | Ivor John Conibear | Improvements in furnaces fitted with chain grate stokers |
| GB932744A (en) * | 1960-03-02 | 1963-07-31 | Vorkauf Heinrich | Improvements in furnaces for the combustion of solid fuels |
| DE1508573A1 (en) * | 1966-11-30 | 1969-10-30 | Hein Lehmann Ag | Sliding device for metal conveyor belts in industrial furnaces |
| FR2542066A1 (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-09-07 | Fives Cail Babcock | Process for burning swelling coals in a fluidised bed with a movable mechanical grid, and hearth suitable for making use of this process |
| US4475468A (en) * | 1983-05-16 | 1984-10-09 | Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Incinerator with moving-bed stoker |
| US6776612B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-08-17 | Austin's Pizza | Oven conveyor and method thereof |
| HU0500434D0 (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2005-07-28 | Morvai Ferenc | Gasification and burning method and device for pellet from herbs |
-
2008
- 2008-10-02 DE DE102008050239A patent/DE102008050239A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-09-21 ES ES09011995T patent/ES2379442T3/en active Active
- 2009-09-21 EP EP09011995A patent/EP2172704B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-09-21 AT AT09011995T patent/ATE538346T1/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2172704A1 (en) | 2010-04-07 |
| EP2172704B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
| ATE538346T1 (en) | 2012-01-15 |
| DE102008050239A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
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