RU2310124C2 - Furnace of steam and water heating boiler for burning wastes of woodworking industry - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering of devices for burning wastes of woodworking industry of varying moisture level under condition of influx of air sufficient for burning in furnaces of steam and water heating boilers.

SUBSTANCE: furnace of steam and water-heating boiler with working volume, limited by volume of heating element of boiler, contains fuel feeding bunker, high temperature accumulators to ensure stable burning mode for fuel with varying degree of moisture level, filling whole volume of furnace, cindery chamber with a door, fire bars with apertures, also acting as high temperature accumulators, while the boiler is positioned in the furnace, and between envelope of furnace and the boiler gaps are made for influx of air from cindery chamber through apertures in fire bars and channels, made in boiler structure, to the surface of contact of fuel and boiler and high frequency accumulators, where draining of smoke gases is performed through aforementioned channels and gaps and further through channels, made in fuel feeding bunker.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of furnace operation, reduced dimensions of furnace.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for burning waste wood processing industry in the furnace of a steam boiler, receiving thermal energy with highly efficient use of fuel and the minimum size of the furnace. Finds practical application in boiler rooms of small objects with a heated volume of up to 10,000 m ³ .

Known firebox of a steam boiler with a high-temperature battery for stable efficient burning of wood processing waste of various humidity when filling the entire volume of the furnace with working fuel (see the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 42287, IPC F23В 1/08, 2004).

The disadvantage of this furnace is its large dimensions, which do not always allow its use in the buildings of existing boiler houses. When using fuel with humidity over 35%, it requires heating the main fuel or blowing the furnace. This leads to a decrease in its operational efficiency.

The technical result of this invention is as follows.

1. Obtaining thermal energy with low cost.

2. Disposal of waste.

3. Use of wood processing industry waste of various humidity as fuel without additional heating with other fuel.

4. Effective use of the surface of the boiler, located in the "fluidized bed" of combusted fuel.

5. The required heating limited by the heating element of the boiler of the working volume of the furnace is achieved with low calorific value of the fuel.

6. Stable fuel combustion with different humidity.

7. Regulation of the intake of only the amount of air necessary for combustion is one of the factors for achieving and maintaining the required temperature level in the furnace, which avoids the loss of thermal energy due to excessive blowing of the furnace.

8. The layout of the elements of the device provides the possibility of mechanized loading of fuel from above, its heating, gas generation, combustion until complete combustion of fuel, ash removal in the mode of continuous conveyor.

9. The adopted arrangement of the elements of the device achieves small overall dimensions of the furnace with respect to the generated power, which makes it possible to use it in existing buildings of quarterly boiler rooms and expands the arsenal of the furnaces of hot water boilers using waste from the wood processing industry as fuel.

The technical result is achieved by burning a steam boiler with a working volume limited by the volume of the heating element of the boiler containing the fuel supply hopper, high-temperature batteries to ensure a stable combustion of fuel with varying degrees of humidity, filling the entire volume of the furnace, an ash chamber with a door, grates with openings, which are also high-temperature batteries, while the boiler is placed in the furnace, and between the lining of the furnace and the boiler there are gaps for supplying air from the ash chamber through the openings in the grates and the channels made in the boiler design to the contact surface of the fuel with the boiler and high-temperature batteries, and the flue gases are removed through the above channels and gaps and then through the channels made in the fuel supply hopper.

Figure 1 shows the combustion chamber of a steam boiler, the overall dimensions of which are 1500 × 1200 × 1200 mm with a power of 40 kW, front view;

figure 2 is a side view;

figure 3 is a top view;

figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of the furnace of a steam boiler;

figure 5 shows a cross section of the furnace of a steam boiler;

Fig.6 shows a top view of the furnace of a steam boiler;

The furnace 15 of the steam boiler contains a hatch 1 for mechanized loading of working fuel 2, a hot water boiler 3, a heat transfer pipe 4, channels 5 made in the initial part of the boiler 3 for supplying air to the contact surface of the boiler 3 and fuel in the amount necessary for combustion, gaps 6 between the wiring 8 and the boiler 3 for supplying air in addition to the air contained in the fuel structure 2, the contact surface 7 of the boiler 3 and the fuel 2, the wiring 8 of the boiler 3, grate-heat accumulators 9 (grates), renewed on the blowing ash chamber 10, the ash discharge hatch 11, the channels 12 in the loading hopper 14, which is located in the upper part of the furnace and through which the fuel is continuously supplied 2, the cone 13 of the hopper 14, the combustion zone 16, the sealed door 17 for monitoring the combustion process accumulators 18 high temperature to stabilize the combustion process, a sealed adjustable door 19 of the ash chamber 10 to regulate the air supply from the ash chamber 10, the mechanism 20 of the rotation of the grates 9 for cleaning the furnace, the pipe 21 of the coolant, holes 22 in the grates 9 for the intake of the necessary amount of air to the fuel 2 from the ash chamber 10, a screen 23 for directing heat fluxes through the heating elements of the boiler 3, the chimney 24. The channels 12 are made in the cone 13 of the feed hopper 14 and are designed to exhaust flue gases from the gaps 6 between the wiring 8 and the boiler 3 into the chimney 24.

The operation of the furnace of a steam boiler for burning waste from the wood processing industry of varying degrees of humidity, requiring utilization and having a low monetary value, without additional heating with other types of fuel is carried out as follows.

Fuel 2, which has a relatively large volume and requires great labor when feeding into the furnace by hand, with the adopted arrangement of the elements of the device is loaded mechanically through the hatch 1 for loading the working fuel 2 into the fuel hopper 14. Under the influence of gravity, the fuel 2 through the cone 13 of the hopper 14 is lowered into the furnace 15, where it is fired with dry fuel. After heating and ignition of the fuel 2, all elements of the furnace 15 are heated to the required temperature, including high-temperature batteries 18 and high-temperature grate-accumulators 9. Further, the combustion of fuel 2 occurs without “backlight” - heating with another type of fuel with controlled air supply. The relatively low calorific value of waste with high humidity requires an economical mode of use of the generated heat energy, which is ensured by the design features of the invention and its operation in the required mode.

Reduced by the loaded fuel 2, the working volume of the furnace 15 quickly heats up when burning a small amount of low-calorific fuel. In this case, the surface of the steam boiler 3 is effectively used, since it is located in the “fluidized bed” of the combusted fuel 2. Stable effective combustion in the furnace 15 during conveyor flow of fuel 2 after the heating with dry fuel ceases is ensured by the following factors.

To achieve and maintain the required temperature in the furnace 15, excessive blowing of the heat transfer volume is not allowed. If there is a sufficient amount of air for burning fuel 2 in the furnace 15, the sealed doors 17 and 19, respectively, of the furnace 15 and the ash chamber 10 can be completely closed. The amount of air required for combustion is supplied through the sealed door 19 to the ash chamber 10. Through the openings 22 in the grates 9, the air enters the gaps 6 between the lining 8 and the boiler 3 and through the channels 5 in the design of the boiler 3, to the contact surface 7 of the boiler 3 and the fuel to the fuel structure 2 through high-temperature batteries 18. In contact with the high-temperature accumulators 18, the air enters the fuel structure hot, which maintains the combustion temperature of fuel 2. The screen 23 affects the distribution of air over the internal structure of the fuel 2, preventing the through passage of air into the ducts. To start heating the fuel 2 in the cone 13 of the loading hopper 14, flue gases discharged through the channels 12 are used, which leads to the appearance of a combustion zone 16 in the upper part of the furnace 15, which occurs when the fuel 2 is heated to the ignition temperature. If the atmospheric pressure differs from the upper point of the chimney 24, the direction of heat flows from the combustion zone 16 through the fuel structure 2 to the channels 5 in the boiler structure 3, then through the gaps 6 between the wiring 8 and the boiler 3 towards the chimney 24, through which exhaust fumes. The ash falls into the blowing ash chamber 10 and is removed through the ash discharge hatch 11. The coolant is supplied to the steam boiler 3 through the pipe 21 and after heating is discharged through the pipe 4.

The adopted layout of the elements achieves small overall dimensions of the device with respect to the generated power, which makes it possible to use it in existing buildings of quarterly boiler houses and expands the arsenal of the furnaces of steam boilers using waste from the wood processing industry as fuel.

Claims (1)

A furnace of a steam boiler with a working volume limited by the volume of the heating element of the boiler, containing a fuel supply hopper, high-temperature batteries to ensure a stable combustion mode of fuel with varying degrees of humidity, filling the entire volume of the furnace, an ash chamber with a door, grates with openings, which are also high-voltage batteries temperature, while the boiler is placed in the furnace, and between the lining of the furnace and the boiler there are gaps for supplying air from the ash chamber through the openings in the grates and to analyses made in the design of the boiler to the contact surface of the fuel with the boiler and high-temperature batteries, and the flue gases are removed through the above channels and gaps and then through the channels made in the fuel supply hopper.

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