WO2014029179A1 - 布料设备布料控制方法及布料设备 - Google Patents

布料设备布料控制方法及布料设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014029179A1
WO2014029179A1 PCT/CN2012/086104 CN2012086104W WO2014029179A1 WO 2014029179 A1 WO2014029179 A1 WO 2014029179A1 CN 2012086104 W CN2012086104 W CN 2012086104W WO 2014029179 A1 WO2014029179 A1 WO 2014029179A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cloth
arm
boom
section
distribution
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/086104
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄柯
吴斌兴
郭岗
邝昊
吴德志
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中联重科股份有限公司 filed Critical 中联重科股份有限公司
Priority to BR112014020650A priority Critical patent/BR112014020650A2/pt
Priority to US14/239,754 priority patent/US20150160659A1/en
Priority to RU2014105686/03A priority patent/RU2014105686A/ru
Priority to EP12881534.7A priority patent/EP2733282A4/en
Publication of WO2014029179A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014029179A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0427Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a static support, e.g. crane
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00Control of flow
    • G05D7/06Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D7/0617Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0436Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a mobile support, e.g. truck
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
    • E04G21/0463Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom control mechanisms, e.g. to automate concrete distribution
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02Systems controlled by a computer electric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of fabric operation, and in particular to a method of fabric control of a cloth device. Furthermore, the invention relates to a distribution device, such as a concrete pump truck, for implementing the fabric control method of the distribution device. Background technique
  • Cloth equipment such as concrete pump trucks, is a widely used construction machinery for fluid material pumping and fabrics. It is known that a concrete boom is equipped with a cloth boom, wherein the cloth boom is provided with a concrete conveying pipe, and the cloth boom generally comprises a multi-section arm section which can be folded or extended relative to each other, between adjacent arm sections Hydraulic cylinders are usually hinged respectively, and the two ends of the respective hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to the adjacent arm joints, thereby driving the folding or stretching of the respective arm joints by the expansion and contraction of the respective hydraulic cylinders.
  • Hydraulic cylinders are usually hinged respectively, and the two ends of the respective hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged to the adjacent arm joints, thereby driving the folding or stretching of the respective arm joints by the expansion and contraction of the respective hydraulic cylinders.
  • the cloth boom is in a folded state to lower the center of gravity of the concrete pump truck and ensure the driving safety of the concrete pump truck.
  • the concrete pump truck is engaged in the fabric operation, since the concrete pump truck is supported on the ground only to ensure the stability of the concrete pump truck, the concrete pump truck is generally equipped with telescopic legs, see the concrete shown in Fig. 1.
  • the analysis of the cloth working state of the pump truck wherein the lower right corner of Figure 1 schematically shows that the telescopic legs of the concrete pump truck are extended to the ground, and the lateral support span of the telescopic legs is w, and the front and rear support spans for! ⁇ .
  • the corresponding arm joints of the fabric arm of the concrete pump truck are controlled to be folded or stretched accordingly, thereby performing the concrete cloth work.
  • the key component of the concrete pump truck is the fabric boom that transports the concrete to the fabric location.
  • the cloth boom is composed of a plurality of articulated arm segments, and the arm segments are rotated between the arm segments by hydraulic cylinders.
  • the fabric boom forms various postures to suit the fabric needs of the construction site.
  • the requirements of the fabric for the fabric boom are nothing more than the fabric height and the length of the fabric.
  • the parameters of the fabric height and the fabric length of the fabric boom are "maximum fabric height" and "maximum fabric radius".
  • Fig. 1 shows an analysis of the movement state of the cloth boom when the concrete pump truck is performing the cloth work, and the concrete pump truck with the maximum cloth height of 49 meters is shown as an example.
  • the demand for concrete pump trucks in the Chinese market is currently growing towards higher fabrics.
  • the increase in the maximum fabric height of the concrete pump truck (corresponding to the maximum fabric radius also increases) means concrete pump truck The fabric boom is getting longer and longer.
  • the cloth boom comprises more and more arm joints, and the concrete pump truck has more and more chassis bridges, and the weight of the whole machine is getting larger and larger, especially
  • the front and rear spans and the lateral span of the telescopic legs of the concrete pump truck need to be greatly increased, which requires the expansion of the telescopic legs, etc.
  • the telescopic stroke and the support strength, etc. further increase the weight of the whole machine, which often exceeds the bearing capacity limit of the road surface driving state, and has constituted a bottleneck restricting the development of the concrete pump truck technology.
  • the cloth apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the laying operation for concrete, such as the laying of fluid materials such as mud.
  • the prior art mainly focuses on the improvement of the lightweight technology of the fabric boom, specifically by using high-strength lightweight steel or new materials (such as carbon fiber, aluminum alloy and other new materials). Reducing the weight of the cloth boom, but it also brings new problems, such as a large increase in cost and process adaptability and adaptability of new materials.
  • carbon fiber is very expensive to manufacture.
  • Each arm of the carbon fiber cloth boom requires additional special molds for production.
  • corrosion resistance and long-term work reliability have to be verified for use in harsh construction sites.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cloth material control method for a cloth device, which can relatively reduce the required support span at the same cloth height, thereby facilitating the reduction of the weight of the cloth equipment.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cloth apparatus which can be used to achieve a relatively large cloth height by a relatively small support span during a cloth operation.
  • the present invention provides a fabric apparatus cloth control method, the cloth boom of the cloth apparatus comprising at least two arm sections that are hinged and can be folded and extended relative to each other, wherein the cloth control method includes : first, controlling the first pitch arm of the cloth boom to move to a vertical state, and maintaining the first pitch arm section in the vertical state; second, controlling other arms of the cloth boom
  • the knot is moved to perform a clothing operation, and the first arm section is always maintained in the vertical state during the clothing operation.
  • the distribution device is a concrete pump truck.
  • the first section arm section is locked in the vertical state; and in the second step, the first arm section is always locked in the cloth operation The vertical state.
  • the first section arm section is controlled to move to a vertical state;
  • the locked state of the other arm sections of the cloth boom is unlocked, and the other arm sections of the cloth boom are controlled to perform a clothing operation.
  • the locking states of the corresponding arm sections of the other arm sections of the cloth boom are sequentially unlocked and the corresponding arm section movement is controlled, thereby The other arm sections that control the cloth boom are deployed in sequence.
  • each of the other arm segments of the fabric boom is simultaneously unlocked while unfolding.
  • the cloth control method further includes a third step of: folding the other arm sections of the cloth boom other than the first pitch arm section to the first after the cloth work is completed An arm section, thereby releasing the vertical state of the first section arm section, and controlling the movement of the first section arm section such that the first section arm section drives the other arm section to move to the cloth apparatus The initial folding position on the top.
  • the third step starting from the second pitch arm section of the cloth boom to the last arm section, such that the other arm sections of the cloth boom are sequentially folded to the first arm And locking the position of each of the other arm segments after the other arm segments are folded.
  • the present invention also provides a fabric apparatus cloth control method, the cloth boom of the cloth apparatus comprising hinges that are sequentially hinged and foldable relative to each other At least three arm sections extending, wherein the cloth control method comprises: first, controlling at least two arm sections of the cloth boom that are sequentially adjacent to each other to move to a vertical state, and causing each of the positions in a vertical state The arm joint is maintained in the vertical state, wherein the at least two arm sections are part of the arm section of the cloth boom and include the first section arm section; second, controlling the removal of the cloth boom Other arm sections that are held outside the arm section in the upright state are moved to perform a clothing operation, and each of the arm sections in a vertical state is always maintained in the vertical state during the clothing operation.
  • the present invention provides a cloth distributing apparatus for realizing the above-described cloth control method
  • the cloth boom of the cloth apparatus comprising at least two arm sections which are hinged and can be folded and extended relative to each other, the first section of the cloth arm
  • the arm joint is hinged to the support base of the cloth apparatus, wherein the cloth apparatus further includes locking means for locking the first section arm section in a vertical position.
  • a hydraulic cylinder is respectively hinged between the first pitch arm joint and the support base of the distributing device and between the adjacent arm joints, wherein the first pitch arm joint and the support base
  • the hydraulic expansion control circuit of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a reversing valve for telescopic reversing control, and the reversing valve is a 0-type three-position four-way reversing valve, and the 0-type three-position four-way reversing valve doubles The locking device.
  • the reversing valves on the telescopic control circuits of the respective hydraulic cylinders hinged between adjacent arm sections of the cloth boom are respectively 0-type three-position four-way reversing valves.
  • the locking device is a latch locking mechanism
  • the latch locking mechanism includes a latch, wherein the first segment arm segment is fixed with a bracket plate, and when the first segment arm segment is in a vertical state, the A pin hole on the bracket plate can be aligned with a mating hole on the support base of the cloth apparatus to insert the pin into the pin hole and the fitting hole, thereby locking the first section arm section in the vertical direction Straight state.
  • the cloth plant is a concrete pump truck, and the support base of the cloth plant is the turntable of the concrete pump truck.
  • the present invention provides an original cloth material distributing operation method, which at least keeps the first section arm section in a vertical state during the cloth operation, and controls the other arm section according to the cloth needs after the other arm sections are unfolded. Perform a corresponding stretching or folding movement to perform the cloth work. That is to say, the fabric control method of the present invention allows the cloth apparatus to reduce the support span of the legs and to provide the strength of the legs by prematurely giving up a part of the cloth radius while ensuring the maximum cloth height. It is possible to reduce the size of the telescopic legs and reduce the corresponding reinforcing members, thereby effectively achieving the purpose of weight reduction of the cloth equipment, and effectively ensuring the stability and safety of the cloth equipment when it is clothed.
  • the method of weight reduction with existing cloth equipment is mainly through material improvement, that is, the use of carbon fiber to manufacture the boom or other parts, and the present invention is reduced by the original fabric control method.
  • material improvement that is, the use of carbon fiber to manufacture the boom or other parts
  • the present invention is reduced by the original fabric control method.
  • the design span and strength of the underframe legs are made possible, which helps to reduce the design weight of the whole machine. This can make breakthroughs in the field of cloth equipment, especially concrete pump trucks, and can produce obvious beneficial effects.
  • the cloth apparatus of the present invention is used to implement the cloth control method, and therefore it also has the above advantages.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the analysis of the movement state of the cloth boom when the concrete pump truck of the prior art performs the cloth laying operation, and the concrete pump truck with the maximum cloth height of 49 meters is taken as an example for analysis and display.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the analysis of the state of change of the center of gravity of the concrete pump truck during the cloth laying operation.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the analysis of the concrete pump truck in the state of supporting the telescopic legs during the fabric operation.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the force analysis of the telescopic legs of the concrete pump truck during the fabric operation.
  • Fig. 5 is a flow chart showing a method of controlling the cloth distribution of a cloth apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the analysis of the movement state of the cloth boom when the concrete pump truck adopting the cloth material control method of the present invention performs the cloth laying operation.
  • the cloth equipment control method of the present invention is not limited to the concrete pump truck. Instead, it can be applied to any cloth equipment with a cloth boom, such as a concrete cloth truck, a concrete cloth trailer, and the like. Further, the cloth material control method of the present invention is not limited to the control applied to the concrete cloth work, and the cloth material control method of the present invention can be applied to the cloth work of any fluid material (e.g., mud, etc.).
  • the main technical idea of the present invention is to adopt a cloth control method different from the prior art, and is not limited to a specific application object, any cloth apparatus having a cloth boom as long as it adopts the cloth control method of the present invention. Cloth operations, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the cloth boom is varied, which results in the whole of the cloth equipment.
  • the cloth arm is changed in the position of the center of gravity during the cloth work (that is, the arms of the cloth boom are in a state of being stretched or semi-stretched).
  • the various arm sections of the cloth boom are in an extended state, i.e., the cloth boom is in a fully extended state, and the cloth apparatus has the lowest stability, i.e., the risk of tipping is most likely to occur.
  • the center of gravity of the cloth boom is basically in the cloth boom A position of about 1/3 of the hinge point of the turntable along its length.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the cloth boom may change, but the distance between the center of gravity and the hinge point of the turntable does not substantially exceed 1/3 of the cloth boom in the fully extended state. length. Therefore, in order to effectively ensure the reliability of the analysis process, the analysis can be performed based on the position of the center of gravity of the cloth boom in the fully extended state of the cloth boom, so as to determine the position of the center of gravity of the cloth boom in the vicinity of the cloth boom The length direction is 1/3 of the hinge point of the turntable. In this case, the position of the center of gravity of the cloth boom is determined.
  • the center of gravity of the cloth boom and the concrete pump truck The center of gravity of the bottom (excluding the chassis, the legs, the pumping device, and the chassis) in addition to the cloth boom and the center of gravity of the machine have a stable change track.
  • the points A, B, C, and 0 are the projection positions of the center of gravity, the center of gravity of the fabric boom, the center of gravity of the lower arm, and the center of rotation of the cloth arm (ie, the center of rotation of the turntable) on the horizontal plane.
  • the center of rotation of the cloth boom is taken as the coordinate origin.
  • the line between the 0 point and the point C is the vertical axis Y (ie, along the concrete pump truck).
  • the longitudinal direction) in this case, the coordinate axis perpendicular to the Y-axis from 0 o'clock is the X-axis (ie, in the lateral direction of the concrete pump truck), thereby establishing a coordinate system.
  • the track of the center of gravity change of the concrete pump truck is a circle, wherein the center 01 (see Fig. 2) has a coordinate of (0, -bW2AV) and a radius R of RW1/W.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic view of the expansion of the telescopic legs 3 of the concrete pump truck is shown, wherein M, N, K, and L respectively support the telescopic legs on both sides of the concrete pump truck to four support points on the ground.
  • M, N, K, and L respectively support the telescopic legs on both sides of the concrete pump truck to four support points on the ground.
  • the intersection of the vertical line and the center of gravity of the whole machine is Q
  • the intersection with the line segment MN is G.
  • L1 is the shortest distance from the point on the trajectory circle of the center of gravity of the whole machine to the line segment MN when the boom is rotated. In the same way, the other three sides of the quadrilateral support surface and the boom rotation are found.
  • the shortest segment length L2, L3, L4 corresponding to the track circle of the center of gravity of the whole machine.
  • the span should be greater than or equal to the diameter of the trajectory circle of the center of gravity of the cloth equipment (ie, the quadrilateral formed by the four support points should contain the trajectory circle of the center of gravity of the whole machine) Inside)
  • the track circle of the center of gravity of the whole machine has a direct proportional relationship with the length of the cloth boom, the weight of the cloth boom, and the position of the center of gravity of the cloth boom.
  • the quadrilateral formed by the four support points include the track circle of the center of gravity of the whole machine.
  • the span of the telescopic leg is also directly related to the length of the cloth arm frame, the weight of the cloth arm frame, and the position of the center of gravity of the cloth arm frame.
  • the analysis charts in Figures 2 and 3 are projections on a horizontal plane, so the length of the cloth boom actually represents the cloth radius of the cloth equipment, that is, the span of the telescopic legs and The cloth radius of the cloth equipment is directly related. When the cloth radius is reduced, it means that the span of the telescopic legs can be reduced.
  • P1 to P4 are the upward counter-supporting forces (referred to as ground reaction forces) of the ground-to-legs received by the four support points of the telescopic legs.
  • the dotted circle is the circle of gravity of the center of gravity of the cloth equipment (such as concrete pump truck).
  • the general form of the telescopic leg arrangement on the cloth apparatus should be an isosceles trapezoid, i.e., symmetrically aligned with respect to the longitudinal centerline of the cloth apparatus.
  • the trapezoidal center line is taken as the y-axis
  • the straight line 01 passing through the center of the center of gravity of the cloth device and the line perpendicular to the y-axis is the X-axis
  • the rectangular coordinate system shown in FIG. 4 is established, and the set is at 0°. 1 90 ° range change, in the case, to ensure the stability of the cloth equipment, such as concrete pump truck, need to ensure the balance of force and torque balance, according to the space parallel force series balance equation to get the following formula (3):
  • Pl, P2, P3, and P4 are the ground reaction forces ⁇ 1 of the four support points of the telescopic legs, respectively, and the angle between the connection point of the point on the center of the center of gravity circle and the X-axis of the origin 01. ; al is 1/2 of the length of the upper base of the isosceles trapezoid; bl is 1/2 of the length of the lower base of the isosceles trapezoid; R1 is the radius of the circle of gravity of the cloth device; W is the cloth equipment (eg concrete pump) The weight of the car).
  • the three equations in (3) can be given by the following equation (4): It can be seen from the formula (4) that there is a positive correlation between the size of P2 and the circle radius R1 of the center of gravity of the cloth equipment.
  • the circle radius R1 of the center of gravity of the cloth device is also reduced.
  • the span of the telescopic legs ie, the lateral span and the front and rear spans
  • the quadrilateral can include the trajectory circle of the center of gravity of the whole machine.
  • the span of the legs is determined by the maximum fabric radius of the fabric boom, while the construction conditions for the fabric equipment (such as the long-arm concrete pump truck) are higher and higher. This is also the realistic requirement for the cloth equipment to continuously increase the maximum fabric height. If you can reduce the radius of a part of the fabric while ensuring the maximum fabric height, as described above, the span of the legs can be reduced, the span is reduced, and the reduction can be made by appropriately setting the reduction value of the leg span.
  • the ground anti-supporting force of the legs is reduced or not increased, so that the design strength of the chassis and the legs of the cloth equipment such as the concrete pump truck can be reduced, so that the legs can be reduced not only by reducing the span of the telescopic legs.
  • the present invention provides a novel concrete pump vehicle cloth control method
  • the cloth boom 1 of the cloth apparatus includes at least two arm sections that are hinged and can be folded and extended relative to each other, wherein
  • the cloth control method includes: first, controlling the first arm section 2 of the cloth boom 1 to move to a vertical state, and causing the first Joint arm section 2 is held in the upright state; a second, said distribution control arm
  • the other arm sections of the frame 1 are moved to perform a clothing operation, and the first arm section 2 is always maintained in the vertical state during the clothing operation.
  • the manner of maintaining the first section arm section 2 in the vertical state can adopt various suitable manners, such as the specific form exemplified in the following cloth equipment, preferably.
  • the first section arm section is locked in the vertical state; and in the second step, the first arm section is always in the cloth operation Locked in the vertical state, such locking can be easily realized by mechanical locking or hydraulic locking, so that only the other arm sections can be controlled to carry out the cloth movement during the subsequent clothing operation, thereby making the operation more convenient. easily.
  • the above cloth equipment can typically be a concrete pump truck.
  • the first section of the arm section 2 of the cloth boom 1 is known as an arm section hinged to the turntable, which can be more broadly defined in the present invention as the cloth arm 1 and the cloth.
  • Fig. 6 shows a concrete pump truck with a maximum fabric height of 49 meters as an example.
  • the fabric boom of the concrete pump truck 1 shows a fabric range analysis diagram using the fabric control method of the present invention.
  • the cloth apparatus for example, a concrete pump truck
  • the cloth apparatus for example, a concrete pump truck
  • the cloth work is performed in the present invention
  • the maximum fabric radius of the cloth apparatus depends on the sum of the lengths of the other arm sections of the cloth boom 1, in other words, when the cloth apparatus adopts the above-mentioned unique cloth control method of the present invention, the maximum cloth height can be ensured. , reducing the maximum fabric radius, thereby making the cloth device reduce the support span of the telescopic legs, and By reducing the support strength of the telescopic legs, the weight of the support members such as the telescopic legs can be reduced, thereby significantly reducing the weight of the whole machine.
  • the cloth boom 1 in order to conveniently move the first pitch arm section 2 to the vertical state, the cloth boom 1 may be In the case where the other arm sections are locked, the first section arm section 2 is moved to the vertical state. This can prevent the first section of the arm section 2 from accidentally moving during the movement, thereby disturbing the movement of the first section of the arm section 2.
  • the cloth boom since the movement of the cloth boom is basically controlled sequentially, it is further preferred that in the second step, the cloth boom is sequentially unlocked from the last arm section of the cloth boom 1.
  • the movement of the other arm segments of the above-mentioned cloth boom is only a typical movement mode of the cloth boom.
  • the manner of controlling the motion mainly starts from the last arm section and avoids the state in which the other arm sections are folded together. Movement from the second section of the arm section causes interference.
  • the manner of movement of the other arm segments of the cloth boom 1 is not limited to the above-described sequential motion form, and in the case where the other arm segments of the cloth boom are simultaneously moved so as not to cause interference, optionally, in the In the second step, the locking state of each of the other arm segments of the cloth boom 1 can also be unlocked at the same time, and each of the other arm segments of the cloth boom 1 can be controlled to be simultaneously deployed.
  • the cloth control method further includes a third step of folding the other arm sections of the cloth boom 1 to the position after the cloth work is completed. On the first section of the arm section 2, thereby unlocking the locked state of the first section arm section 2, and controlling the movement of the first section arm section 2 such that the first section arm section 2 drives the cloth boom The other arm sections move to the initial folded position on the cloth apparatus.
  • the other arm sections of the cloth boom 1 are sequentially delivered Folding onto the first arm section 2 and locking the position of each of the other arm sections after the other arm sections are folded.
  • the above specific embodiment is only an example of the first section of the arm section.
  • the invention is not limited to only locking the first section of the arm section 2 In the upright state, at least two arm sections of the cloth boom 1 can be sequentially locked in the vertical state from the first section arm section 2, and the cloth radius is formed by the other arm sections to perform the clothing operation.
  • further modifications are actually included in the protection scope of the above basic embodiment. Regardless of the number of arm segments locked in the vertical state, the locking should be sequentially performed from the first segment of the arm segment. Otherwise, During the cloth operation, if the first section of the arm section 2 can Free movement, it will destroy the vertical state of the rear arm section.
  • the main technical idea of the present invention is to provide a cloth control method by which the cloth is controlled.
  • Equipment such as concrete pump trucks
  • Such a fabric control method does not necessarily require a targeted improvement of the control element of the cloth apparatus itself (for example, a hydraulic component).
  • a concrete pump truck adopts the fabric control method of the present invention, it can be designed accordingly.
  • the support span of the telescopic legs is reduced, thereby achieving a relatively small overall weight.
  • the cloth apparatus implements the fabric method of the present invention, although it can adopt specially designed control technology, these control techniques are not The necessary components of the invention, even without the use of these control techniques, are achievable by manual operation by the operator, for example by manual operation by the operator using a latch locking mechanism to achieve complete locking of the vertical state of the first section of the arm section. It is achievable; for example, the first arm section 1 is additionally supported by a corresponding mechanical automatic arm to fix it in a vertical state. That is, the above-described fabric apparatus cloth control method of the present invention is not limited to the implementation by a specific control technique, and any cloth apparatus as long as it employs the cloth control method of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a cloth distributing apparatus, the cloth boom 1 of the cloth apparatus comprising at least two arm sections that are hinged in sequence and foldably extendable relative to each other, wherein the cloth apparatus further includes The first section of the boom 1 of the boom 1 locks the locking device in a vertical position.
  • the lock device can be simply a simple latch lock mechanism, for example,
  • the corresponding bracket plate is fixed on one arm section 2, and when the first section arm section 2 is in the vertical state, the pin hole on the bracket plate on the first section arm section 2 is matched with the cloth device (for example, the turntable).
  • the holes are aligned, and the pin is inserted into the pin hole and the matching hole of the bracket plate, so that the first arm section 2 can be easily locked in the vertical state.
  • the arm section locked in the vertical state includes at least two arm sections of the first section of the first section of the arm section, a corresponding bracket plate having the pin hole is disposed between the first section arm section and the second section arm section After the first section of the arm section is locked, the second section of the arm section is locked to the first section of the arm section by the similar latch described above, and so on, and will not be described again.
  • the winding device for example the locking device on the concrete pump truck
  • the winding device is mainly realized by hydraulic control technology, most simply between the first pitch arm 2 of the cloth boom 1 and the support base of the cloth device (for example the turntable) And adjacent Hydraulic cylinders are respectively hinged between the arm joints, wherein the hydraulic telescopic control circuit of the hydraulic cylinder hinged between the first pitch arm joint 2 and the support base of the distributing device is provided with a telescopic reversing
  • the control reversing valve is a 0-type three-position four-way reversing valve, and the 0-type three-position four-way reversing valve doubles as the locking device. Specifically, when the first section arm section 2 is moved to the vertical state, the 0-type three-position four-way reversing valve is switched to the middle position, and the first section arm section can be locked in the vertical state by the center cut function. .
  • the reversing valves on the telescopic control circuits of the respective hydraulic cylinders between adjacent arm sections of the cloth boom 1 are respectively 0-type three-position four-way reversing valves.
  • the position of each of the other arm segments described above can be easily locked by the median function of the 0-type three-position four-way reversing valve.
  • the 0-type three-position four-way reversing valve has basically realized the locking function of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • a balancing valve can be further added to realize the locking function, which can be realized by various technical measures for those skilled in the hydraulic field, and will not be described herein.
  • the present invention mainly provides a cloth control method different from the conventional form, for example, in the case of a commonly used concrete pump truck, the concrete pump truck is in the telescopic leg. After being unfolded and supported, after the first arm arm section 2 is unfolded and moved to the vertical state, the first section arm section 2 is locked by locking the hydraulic cylinder hinged between the first section arm section 2 and the turntable In the vertical state, in this case, the other arm sections are first unfolded in sequence, and then the corresponding arm section extension folds can be arbitrarily controlled to perform the cloth work.
  • the present invention has an advantage in that: the present invention provides an original cloth material distributing operation method, in which at least the first arm section 2 is locked in a vertical state during the cloth operation, and in other arms After the section is unfolded, it is controlled according to the fabric to perform the corresponding stretching or folding movement for the cloth work. That is to say, the fabric control method of the present invention allows the fabric apparatus to reduce the support span of the leg by artificially abandoning a part of the fabric radius while ensuring the maximum fabric height, and to support the span by a reasonable arrangement.
  • the reduction value makes it possible to reduce the strength of the leg 3, so that the size of the telescopic leg can be reduced, and the corresponding reinforcing member is reduced, thereby effectively achieving the purpose of weight reduction of the cloth device, and effectively ensuring the cloth. Stability and safety when the equipment is clothed.
  • the method of weight reduction is mainly through material improvement, that is, the use of carbon fiber to manufacture the boom or other parts, and the invention is made by the original fabric control method
  • the cloth apparatus is used to implement the cloth control method, and thus it also has the above advantages.

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Abstract

一种布料设备布料控制方法,其中布料设备的布料臂架(1)包括至少两节臂节,该方法包括以下步骤:第一,控制布料臂架(1)的第一臂节(2)运动到竖直状态,并且使得该第一臂节(2)保持在竖直状态;第二,控制布料臂架(1)的其它臂节运动以进行布料作业。还提供了一种布料设备,包括依次铰接并能够相对于彼此折叠伸展的至少两节臂节,该布料臂架(1)的第一臂节(2)铰接在所述布料设备的支承基础上,布料设备还包括用于将第一臂节(2)锁定在竖直位置的锁定装置。该布料控制方法可保证布料设备布料稳定性的同时,相对减小伸缩支腿(3)的支撑跨距和支撑强度。

Description

布料设备布料控制方法及布料设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种布料操作方法, 具体地, 涉及一种布料设备布料控制方法。 此外, 本发明还涉及一种用于实现所述布料设备布料控制方法的布料设备, 例如混凝土泵车。 背景技术
布料设备, 例如混凝土泵车是工程施工中广泛采用的用于流体物料泵送和布料作 用的工程机械设备。 公知地, 混凝土泵车上安装有布料臂架, 其中布料臂架上安装有混 凝土输送管道, 该布料臂架一般包括能够相对于彼此折叠或伸展的多节臂节, 相邻的臂 节之间通常分别铰接有液压缸, 各个液压缸的两端分别铰接到相邻的臂节上, 从而通过 各个液压缸的伸縮来驱动相应的臂节的折叠或伸展。 当混凝土泵车不进行布料作业时
(例如处于转场行驶状态), 所述布料臂架处于折叠状态, 以降低混凝土泵车的重心, 确保混凝土泵车的行驶安全性。 当混凝土泵车进行布料作业时, 由于仅通过混凝土泵车 的车轮支撑于地面不足以保证混凝土泵车的稳定性,公知地混凝土泵车上一般安装有伸 縮支腿, 参见图 1所示的混凝土泵车的布料作业状态分析图, 其中图 1中右下角示意性 显示混凝土泵车的伸縮支腿伸出支撑到地面上, 伸縮支腿伸出后的横向支撑跨距为 w, 前后支撑跨距为!^。 在此情形下, 根据布料作业的实际需要, 控制混凝土泵车的布料臂 架的相应臂节进行相应的折叠或伸展运动, 从而进行混凝土布料作业。
通过上述简略描述可以看你出, 混凝土泵车的关键部件是将混凝土输送到布料位 置的布料臂架。布料臂架由若干节相互铰接的臂节组成, 臂节之间通过液压缸驱动臂节 转动。 布料时, 布料臂架形成各种姿势来适应施工场地的布料需要。 简单而言, 布料需 要对布料臂架的要求无非是布料高度和布料长度。对于混凝土泵车的技术参数来说, 体 现所述布料臂架的布料高度和布料长度的参数为 "最大布料高度"和 "最大布料半径"。
参见图 1所示, 图 1显示混凝土泵车在进行布料作业时的布料臂架的运动状态分 析图, 其中以最大布料高度为 49米的混凝土泵车为例进行了显示。 从图 1中可以看出, "最大布料高度"为 49米, "最大布料半径"为 45米, 其中 "最大布料高度" = "最大 布料半径" +车身高度 (例如 4米)。
总体而言, 目前中国市场对混凝土泵车的需求朝向更高的布料高度发展。 但是, 混凝土泵车的最大布料高度的增加 (对应地最大布料半径也增大), 意味着混凝土泵车 的布料臂架越来越长, 相应地, 所述布料臂架所包括的臂节越来越多, 混凝土泵车的底 盘桥数也越来越多, 整机重量越来越大, 尤其是伴随着布料臂架最大布料高度的增大, 为了确保混凝土泵车布料的稳定性,混凝土泵车的伸縮支腿的前后跨距和横向跨距均需 要大幅增加, 这需要增大伸縮支腿等伸縮行程以及支撑强度等, 从而使得整机的重量进 一步增加, 这常常超越了路面行驶状态路面的承载能力极限, 并且已经构成了制约混凝 土泵车技术发展的瓶颈。
在此需要说明的是, 上述仅是混凝土泵车为例进行描述, 但是这些问题同样存在 于多种混凝土布料设备上, 例如混凝土布料车、 混凝土布料拖车等。 此外, 本发明的布 料设备也不限于用于混凝土的布料作业, 例如泥浆等流体物料的布料作业。
针对面临的上述问题, 现有技术主要是集中于对布料臂架进行轻量化技术改进上, 具体地主要是通过采用高强度的轻质钢材或者新材料 (例如碳纤维、 铝合金等新材料) 来降低布料臂架的重量, 但是, 这同时也带来了新的问题, 如成本的大幅度增加和新材 料的工艺适应性和使用适应性的问题, 具体地, 例如碳纤维的制造成本非常高, 每个碳 纤维布料臂架的臂节等零部件均需要额外制作专用的模具来进行生产。此外, 对于碳纤 维和铝合金材料来说, 应用于环境恶劣的建筑施工场地, 其耐腐蚀性能、 长时间的工作 可靠性等均有待验证。
有鉴于现有技术的上述问题, 需要提供一种新型的布料设备布料操作方法, 以能 够在同样的布料高度情形下仅需要相对较小的支撑跨距, 从而有利于降低整机重量。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种布料设备布料控制方法, 该布料控制方法 在同样的布料高度下能够相对减小所需的支撑跨距,从而有利于降低所述布料设备的重 在此基础上, 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种布料设备, 该布料设备能够 用于在布料作业时通过相对较小的支撑跨度实现相对较大的布料高度。
为了解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供一种布料设备布料控制方法, 所述布料设备 的布料臂架包括依次铰接并能够相对于彼此折叠伸展的至少两节臂节, 其中, 所述布料 控制方法包括: 第一, 控制所述布料臂架的第一节臂节运动到竖直状态, 并且使得该第 一节臂节保持在所述竖直状态; 第二, 控制所述布料臂架的其它臂节运动以进行布料作 业, 并在布料作业过程中始终使得所述第一臂节保持在所述竖直状态。 典型地, 所述布料设备为混凝土泵车。
在所述第一步骤中, 使得所述第一节臂节锁定在所述竖直状态; 并且在所述第二 步骤中, 使得所述第一臂节在所述布料作业过程中始终锁定在所述竖直状态。
优选地, 在所述第一步骤中, 在将所述布料臂架的除第一节臂节的所述其它臂节 锁定的状态下, 控制所述第一节臂节运动到竖直状态; 在所述第二步骤中, 解锁所述布 料臂架的其它臂节的锁定状态, 并控制该布料臂架的其它臂节运动以进行布料作业。
优选地, 在所述第二步骤中, 从所述布料臂架的末节臂节开始, 依次地解锁该布 料臂架的其它臂节中相应臂节的锁定状态并控制该相应臂节运动,从而控制该布料臂架 的其它臂节依次展开。
可选择地, 在所述第二步骤中, 同时解锁所述布料臂架的其它臂节中的各个臂节 同时展开。
更具体地, 所述布料控制方法还包括第三步骤: 当完成布料作业后, 使得所述布 料臂架的除所述第一节臂节之外的所述其它臂节折叠到所述第一节臂节上,进而解除所 述第一节臂节的竖直状态, 并控制所述第一节臂节运动, 以使得该第一节臂节带动所述 其它臂节运动到所述布料设备上的初始折叠位置。
优选地, 在所述第三步骤中, 从所述布料臂架的第二节臂节开始至末节臂节, 使 得所述布料臂架的所述其它臂节依次地折叠到所述第一臂节上, 并且在所述其它臂节折 叠后锁定该其它臂节中各个臂节的位置。
作为本发明的布料控制方法技术构思范围内的另一种可选择的实施方式, 本发明 还提供一种布料设备布料控制方法,所述布料设备的布料臂架包括依次铰接并能够相对 于彼此折叠伸展的至少三节臂节, 其中, 所述布料控制方法包括: 第一, 控制所述布料 臂架的依次相邻的至少两节臂节运动到竖直状态, 并且使得处于竖直状态的各个所述臂 节保持在所述竖直状态,其中所述至少两节臂节为所述布料臂架的部分臂节并包括所述 第一节臂节; 第二, 控制所述布料臂架的除保持在所述竖直状态的臂节之外的其它臂节 运动以进行布料作业, 并在布料作业过程中使得处于竖直状态的各个所述臂节始终保持 在所述竖直状态。
此外, 本发明提供一种用于实现上述布料控制方法的布料设备, 该布料设备的布 料臂架包括依次铰接并能够相对于彼此折叠伸展的至少两节臂节,该布料臂架的第一节 臂节铰接在所述布料设备的支承基础上, 其中, 所述布料设备还包括用于将所述第一节 臂节锁定在竖直位置的锁定装置。 优选地, 所述第一节臂节与所述布料设备的支承基础之间以及相邻的所述臂节之 间分别铰接有液压缸,其中所述第一节臂节与所述支承基础之间的所述液压缸的液压伸 縮控制回路上设置有用作伸縮换向控制的换向阀,该换向阀为 0型三位四通换向阀,该 0型三位四通换向阀兼作所述锁定装置。
更优选地, 所述布料臂架的相邻臂节之间铰接的各个所述液压缸的伸縮控制回路 上的换向阀分别为 0型三位四通换向阀。
可选择地, 所述锁定装置为插销锁定机构, 该插销锁定机构包括插销, 其中所述 第一节臂节上固定有支架板, 在所述第一节臂节处于竖直状态时, 所述支架板上的插销 孔能够与所述布料设备的支承基础上的配合孔对准, 以能够将所述插销插入所述插销孔 和配合孔内, 从而将所述第一节臂节锁定在竖直状态。
典型地, 所述布料设备为混凝土泵车, 所述布料设备的支承基础为所述混凝土泵 车的回转台。
通过上述技术方案, 本发明提供了一种独创性的布料设备布料操作方法, 在布料 操作时, 至少使得第一节臂节保持在竖直状态, 并在其它臂节展开后根据布料需要控制 其进行相应的伸展或折叠运动, 以进行布料作业。 也就是说, 本发明的布料控制方法在 确保最大布料高度的前提下, 通过独创性地放弃一部分布料半径, 从而使得布料设备能 够减小支腿的支撑跨距, 并为降低支腿的强度提供了可能, 从而能够使得伸縮支腿的尺 寸减小, 相应的加强件减少, 由此有效地达到了布料设备减重的目的, 并有效地保证了 布料设备布料时的稳定性和安全性。 总体而言, 与现有的布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车) 减重的方法主要是通过材料改进, 即利用碳纤维来制造臂架或其他部分不同, 而本发明 通过独创性的布料控制方法使得降低底架支腿的设计跨距和强度成为可能,从而有利于 降低整机的设计重量, 这可以短期内在布料设备, 尤其是混凝土泵车领域取得突破, 且 能够产生明显的有益效果。本发明的布料设备用于实现所述布料控制方法, 因此其同样 具有上述优点。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。 附图说明
下列附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 其与下述 的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于下述附图及具体 实施方式。 在附图中: 图 1 是现有技术的混凝土泵车进行布料作业时布料臂架运动状态的分析示意图, 其中以最大布料高度为 49米的混凝土泵车为例进行了分析显示。
图 2是混凝土泵车在进行布料作业时的重心变化状态的分析示意图。
图 3是混凝土泵车在进行布料作业时伸縮支腿支撑状态下的分析示意图。
图 4是混凝土泵车在进行布料作业时伸縮支腿的受力分析示意图。
图 5是本发明具体实施方式的布料设备布料控制方法的流程框图。
图 6是采用本发明的布料设备布料控制方法的混凝土泵车在进行布料作业时布料 臂架的运动状态分析示意图。
附图标记说明:
1布料臂架; 2第一臂节;
3伸縮支腿。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明, 应当理解的是, 此处所描 述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,本发明的保护范围并不局限于下述的具体 实施方式。
首先需要说明的是, 尽管下文主要以混凝土泵车为例描述本发明的布料设备布料 控制方法, 但是对于本领域技术人员显然地, 本发明的布料设备布料控制方法并不限于 应用于混凝土泵车,而是可以应用于具有布料臂架的任何布料设备,例如混凝土布料车、 混凝土布料拖车等。此外, 本发明的布料设备布料控制方法也不限于应用于混凝土布料 作业的控制, 任何流体物料(例如泥浆等) 的布料作业均可以适用本发明的布料设备布 料控制方法。 因此, 本发明的主要技术构思在于采用一种不同于现有技术的布料控制方 法, 而不局限于特定的应用对象, 任何具有布料臂架的布料设备, 只要其采用本发明的 布料控制方法进行布料作业, 其均属于本发明的保护范围。
针对上文提及的技术问题, 由于在现有技术中本领域技术人员一直存在着常规的 思路, 在布料高度增大的情形下, 为了保证布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车)布料作业时的 稳定性, 必然需要相应地增大伸縮支腿的支撑跨距和支撑强度, 这已经构成了本领域技 术人员的习惯性思维定势, 基本形成了一种技术偏见, 使得本领域技术人员在面对上述 情形时, 基本不去考虑其它方面的可能性。 而且, 从布料设备的布料臂架在布料作业过 程中复杂的重心变化状态而言,本领域技术人员在技术层面上不付出创造性劳动也难以 去分析其它方面的可能性。 因此, 如何在实现同样的布料高度的前提下相对减小所需的 支撑跨距和支撑强度,这对于本领域技术人员而言实际构成了一个非常难于解决的技术 难题。
为了帮助本领域技术人员理解本发明的技术方案, 在具体描述本发明的具体实施 方式之前, 以下首先描述获取本发明的技术方案之前所进行的技术分析过程。 在此基础 上, 将描述本发明的布料设备布料控制方法及布料设备的具体实施方式。
具体地, 在所述布料设备的各种状态下, 例如布料臂架折叠状态以及布料作业过 程中的多种作业状态, 所述布料臂架的重心位置是存在变化的, 这导致布料设备的整机 的重心位置也存在变化。 但是, 对于布料设备的稳定性而言, 更具关键意义的是布料臂 架在布料作业过程中 (即布料臂架的各个臂节处于伸展或半伸展等状态) 的重心位置变 化。 对于本领域技术人员显然地, 布料臂架的各个臂节均处于伸展状态, 即布料臂架处 于全伸展状态下, 所述布料设备的稳定性最低, 即最容易发生倾覆危险。 根据申请人长 期进行混凝土泵车等布料设备研发的所积累的大量分析数据, 在布料作业过程中, 当布 料臂架处于全伸展状态下,所述布料臂架的重心位置基本上处于布料臂架的沿其长度方 向距离转台的铰接点约 1/3长度的位置。 在布料臂架处于非全伸展的其它状态下, 布料 臂架的重心位置会有所变化,但是该重心位置与转台铰接点的距离基本不会超出上述全 伸展状态下布料臂架的 1/3长度。 因此, 为了有效地确保分析过程的可靠性, 可以以布 料臂架全伸展状态下布料臂架的重心位置为基础进行分析, 即可以确定所述布料臂架的 重心位置处于布料臂架的沿其长度方向距离转台的铰接点 1/3长度处, 在此情形下, 所 述布料臂架的重心位置是确定的,当布料臂架跟随回转台旋转 360度,布料臂架的重心、 混凝土泵车的除布料臂架之外的下装 (主要包括底架、 支腿、 泵送装置及底盘) 的重心 以及整机的重心存在稳定的变化轨迹。
如图 2所示, 设点 A、 B、 C、 0分别为整机重心、 布料臂架重心、 下装重心、 布 料臂架回转中心(即回转台的旋转中心)在水平面上的投影位置, 其中以布料臂架的回 转中心 0 为坐标原点, 另外, 由于混凝土泵车的下装的重心位置不变化, 以 0点与 C 点之间的连线为纵轴 Y (即沿混凝土泵车的纵向方向), 在此情形下自 0点垂直于 Y轴 的坐标轴为 X轴 (即沿混凝土泵车的横向方向), 从而建立坐标系。
在上述建立坐标系的情形下, 当布料臂架处于某一位置时, 设 OB=R, OC=b, 布 料臂架与 X轴的夹角为 Θ, 则布料臂架的重心 B点的坐标值为 B (Rcos Θ, Rsin Θ ), C点的坐标值为 C ( 0, -b ) 。 根据解析几何、 重心理论原理以及相应的总结公式, 所述 布料设备整机的重心 A必定在 B、 C 两点之间的连线上, 且 A (xA, yA) 点的坐标值 可以通过下式 (1 ) 计算:
Χή r.t—4 w ^
's """ W + W2 "' w
式中 Wl、 W2、 W分别为布料臂架、 混凝土泵车的下装和整机的重量, 其中 W= W1+W2, 显然, 式 (1 ) 是以 Θ角为参数的参数方程, 消除 Θ角, 经变换得下式 (2):
.、 /腿
+ + f J " I IF
可见, 混凝土泵车的整机重心变化的轨迹为一个圆, 其中圆心 01 (参见图 2) 的坐 标为 (0, -bW2AV ) , 半径 R重为 RW1/W。
通过以上简略分析可见, 当布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车) 的布料臂架越长 (布料 臂架的长度代表着布料半径), 布料臂架的重量 W1就越大, 布料臂架的重心与布料臂 架回转中心的距离在水平面上的投影长度 R也越大, 相应的整机的重心轨迹圆半径 R1 也就越大。
在上述分析的基础上, 混凝土泵车的布料臂架越长, 当布料设备进行布料作业时 用于支撑布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车)工作的伸縮支腿的跨距也应越大。 具体地, 参见 图 3所示, 混凝土泵车的伸縮支腿 3展开示意图所示, 其中 M、 N、 K、 L分别为混凝 土泵车两侧的伸縮支腿支撑到地面上四个支撑点, 先以整机的重心轨迹圆的圆心点 01 为起始点, 以点 G为垂足, 作四边形中的任意一条边如 MN线段的垂线, 该垂线与整 机的重心轨迹圆的交点为 Q, 与线段 MN的交点为 G。 设线段 QG的长度值为 Ll, 则 L1为臂架回转时整机重心的轨迹圆上的点到线段 MN的最短距离, 用同样的方法找出 四边形支承面另外 3条边与臂架回转时整机重心的轨迹圆所对应的最短线段长度 L2、 L3、 L4。 比较 Ll、 L2、 L3、 L4值的大小, 找出 4个长度中最短的一个, 设该最短 距离为 , 即: Smin=min{ Ll、 L2、 L3、 L4},则 的大小便可用来衡量此时整机 稳定性的指标。 显然地, 由稳定性理论可知, 各线段长度 Ll、 L2、 L3、 L4必须大于 零是比较的前提, 否则将导致泵车倾翻, 由此可以看出, 上述 Ll、 L2、 L3、 L4直接 反映着伸縮支腿的横向跨距和前后跨距,该跨距应当大于或等于布料设备的整机重心的 轨迹圆的直径 (即四个支撑点构成的四边形应当将整机重心的轨迹圆包含在内), 由上 述公式 (1 ) 可知, 而整机重心的轨迹圆的与布料臂架的长度、 布料臂架的重量、 布料 臂架的重心位置等存在直接的正比关系, 在此情形下, 为了保证布料设备的稳定性, 使 得四个支撑点构成的四边形将整机重心的轨迹圆包含在内,伸縮支腿的跨距大小也与布 料臂架长度、 布料臂架重量、 布料臂架的重心位置等直接相关, 尤其需要注意的是, 在 图 2和图 3的分析图均是在水平面上的投影, 因此布料臂架长度实际代表着布料设备的 布料半径, 也就是说, 伸縮支腿的跨距与布料设备的布料半径直接相关, 当布料半径减 小时, 意味着伸縮支腿的跨距可以减小。
参见图 4所示伸縮支腿的受力分析图, 图中 P1至 P4为伸縮支腿的四个支撑点所 承受的地面对支腿的向上的反支撑作用力 (简称地面反力), 虚线圆为布料设备 (例如 混凝土泵车) 自身重力的重心轨迹圆。 一般地, 布料设备上的伸縮支腿布置的一般形式 应是等腰梯形, 即相对于布料设备的纵向中线线对称布置。 现以该梯形中心线为 y轴, 以经过所述布料设备重心轨迹圆的圆心 01 且与 y轴垂直的直线为 X轴, 建立如图 4 所示的直角坐标系, 设 Θ在 0° Θ 1 90° 范围内变化, 在情形下, 要保证布料设备, 例如混凝土泵车的稳定性, 需要保证力平衡和力矩平衡, 根据空间平行力系列平衡方程 得下式 ( 3):
'∑ΡΖ= 0:
∑ΜΧ (Ρ)
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Figure imgf000010_0001
上式 (3 ) 中 Pl、 P2、 P3、 P4 分别为伸縮支腿四个支撑点的地面反力 θ 1为重心 轨迹圆上的任意一点到原点 01的连接线与 X轴之间的夹角; al为等腰梯形的上底边长 度的 1/2; bl为等腰梯形的下底边长度的 1/2; R1为布料设备的重心轨迹圆的半径; W 为布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车) 的整机重量。
就布料设备而言, 当布料设备的整机重心处于伸縮支腿的四个支撑点所形成的四 边形范围内, 整机的重量是由伸縮支腿的四个支撑点分担的, 即确保伸縮支腿的四个支 撑点均与地面接触。 在上述公式 (3 ) 中, 为了便于说明问题, 假设极端情形下布料设 备在图 4中绕 Y轴向右具有翻倾趋势, 此时 P1和 P4为零, 以 P2的计算为例, 根据公 式 (3 ) 中的三个等式可以得出下式 (4): 从该公式 (4) 可以看出, P2的大小与布料设备的重心轨迹圆半径 R1存在正相 关关系, 如上文所述, 当布料设备的布料臂架的长度减小而使得布料半径减小时, 相 应地布料设备的重心轨迹圆半径 R1也减小, 在此情形下, 可以减小伸縮支腿的跨距 (即横向跨距和前后跨距), 只要保证伸縮支腿的四个支撑点构成的四边形将整机重 心的轨迹圆包含在内即可, 当重心轨迹圆半径 R1与伸縮支腿的横向跨距 (即对应于 上述公式 (4) 中的 al, bl ), 从公式 (4) 中可以看出, 即使在极端情形下, 也并不 意味着 P2 的值会增大, 例如在布料半径减小确定值的情形下, 通过合理设计伸縮支 腿的横向跨距的减小值, 可以使得 P2 的值不增大甚至减小。 同样地, 通过上述公式 (3) 的类似推导, 可以得到 Pl、 P3、 P4的计算公式, 为了便于说明问题, 均可以假 设类似于上述的翻倾临界情况(在临界情况下相应的支腿所受的地面支撑反作用力是 最大或基本最大的, 足以满足布料设备的正常使用需要)。 这种情况对于布料设备的 设计是非常理想的, 简略而言, 通过使得伸縮支腿的横向跨距减小, 这意味着伸縮支 腿的伸縮行程可以变小, 相应地伸縮支腿的重量可以减小, 从而减轻整机的重量, 进 一步地, 在布料设备的布料半径减小值为预定值时, 通过合理设置伸縮支腿的跨距, 可以使得各个支撑点所受的支撑反力不增大甚至减小, 这意味着在各个伸縮支腿的支 撑部分可以在满足使用要求的情形下降低强度, 从而有利于进一步降低布料设备的整 机重量。
综合上文的全部分析可知, 支腿的跨距大小决定于布料臂架的最大布料半径, 而 对于布料设备(例如长臂架混凝土泵车)主要应对的施工工况是越来越高的建筑, 这也 是布料设备不断增大最大布料高度的现实要求。 如果能在保证最大布料高度的同时, 减 小一部分布料半径, 如上所述, 那么支腿的跨距可以减小, 跨距减小, 通过合理设置支 腿跨距的减小值, 可以使得伸縮支腿的地面反支撑作用力降低或不增大, 这样布料设备 例如混凝土泵车的底架和支腿的设计强度可以降低,从而不但可以通过縮小伸縮支腿的 跨距而减小支腿的尺寸来使得重量降低, 而且通过降低支腿等支撑件的强度(例如减少 相应的加强件)来进一步降低支腿等支撑件重量, 从而可以显著降低布料设备的整机重 基于上述分析, 参见图 5和图 6所示, 本发明提供一种全新的混凝土泵车布料控 制方法,所述布料设备的布料臂架 1包括依次铰接并能够相对于彼此折叠伸展的至少两 节臂节, 其中, 所述布料控制方法包括: 第一, 控制所述布料臂架 1的第一节臂节 2运 动到竖直状态, 并且使得该第一节臂节 2保持在所述竖直状态; 第二, 控制所述布料臂 架 1的其它臂节运动以进行布料作业, 并在布料作业过程中始终使得所述第一臂节 2保 持在所述竖直状态。
在此需要注意的是, 在上述技术构思范围内, 将第一节臂节 2保持在竖直状态的 方式可以采用各种适合的方式, 例如下文的布料设备中所例举的具体形式, 优选地, 在 所述第一步骤中, 使得所述第一节臂节锁定在所述竖直状态; 并且在所述第二步骤中, 使得所述第一臂节在所述布料作业过程中始终锁定在所述竖直状态,这种锁定可以通过 机械锁定或液压锁定而容易地实现,从而在后续的布料作业过程中只需专心控制其他臂 节进行布料运动即可, 从而在操作上更加方便容易。
上述布料设备典型地可以为混凝土泵车。 就布料设备而言, 所述布料臂架 1 的第 一节臂节 2公知地是指与回转台铰接的臂节,在本发明中可以更广泛地定义为所述布料 臂架 1的与布料设备的支承基础或支承台 (例如回转台) 直接铰接的一节臂节。
图 6以最大布料高度为 49米的混凝土泵车为例显示了该混凝土泵车的布料臂架 1 采用本发明布料控制方法的布料范围分析示意图。参见图 6所示, 当采用本发明的布料 控制方法的情形下, 该混凝土泵车的布料范围图变为: "最大布料高度" = "最大布料半 径" +车身高度(例如 4米) +第一节臂节的长度; "最大布料半径" =全伸展状态下的布 料臂架的长度一第一节臂节的长度。
具体地, 当布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车) 采用本发明的上述控制方法时, 由于布 料臂架的节数和长度相对于同一型号的现有产品没有改变, 在本发明进行布料作业时, 先使得第一节臂节 2运动到竖直状态并将其锁定在该竖直位置, 在后续的布料作业中, 仅使得布料臂架 1的其它臂节进行运动以进行布料作业, 也就是说, 本发明通过采用独 特的布料控制方法, 确保了布料设备的最大布料高度, 在此基础上, 由于第一臂节 2仅 承担增加布料高度的功能, 而并不参与增大布料半径的功能, 此时布料设备的最大布料 半径取决于布料臂架 1的其它臂节的长度之和, 换言之, 当所述布料设备采用本发明的 上述独特的布料控制方法时, 可以在保证最大布料高度的前提下, 减小最大布料半径, 由此可以使得这种布料设备减小伸縮支腿的支撑跨距, 并通过设计降低伸縮支腿的支撑 强度, 从而可以降低伸縮支腿等支撑件的重量, 从而显著降低整机的重量。
在本发明的布料控制方法的上述技术构思范围内, 优选地, 在所述第一步骤中, 为了方便地将第一节臂节 2运动到竖直状态,可以在将所述布料臂架 1的其它臂节锁定 的情形下, 将第一节臂节 2运动到竖直状态。 这能够避免第一节臂节 2在运动过程中, 其它臂节发生意外运动, 从而干扰第一节臂节 2的运动。 在上述优选实施方式下, 由于布料臂架的运动基本采用顺序控制, 进一步优选地, 在所述第二步骤中, 从所述布料臂架 1的末节臂节开始, 依次地解锁该布料臂架 1的其 它臂节中相应臂节的锁定状态并控制该相应臂节运动,从而控制该布料臂架的其它臂节 依次地展开。在此需要注意的是, 这里仅是在布料作业初始将布料臂架的其它臂节依次 伸展开来, 从而便于后续的布料作业运动控制, 在该其它臂节中的各个臂节展开而确保 不会相互形成相互干涉的情况下, 在实际布料过程中, 可以根据布料需要, 控制该其它 臂节中任一臂节进行相应的伸展或折叠运动。
当然, 上述布料臂架的其它臂节的运动方式仅是布料臂架的典型运动方式, 这种 顺序控制运动的方式主要是从末节臂节开始运动,避免在其它臂节折叠在一起的状态下 从第二节臂节开始运动引起干涉。 当然, 上述布料臂架 1的其它臂节的运动方式也并不 限于上述顺序运动的形式, 在布料臂架的其它臂节同时运动不至于引起干涉的情形下, 可选择地, 在所述第二步骤中, 也可以同时解锁所述布料臂架 1的其它臂节中各个臂节 的锁定状态, 并控制该布料臂架 1的其它臂节中的各个臂节同时展开。
此外, 作为在操作上更完整的布料设备布料控制方法, 进一步地, 所述布料控制 方法还包括第三步骤, 即当完成布料作业后, 使得所述布料臂架 1的其它臂节折叠到所 述第一节臂节 2上, 进而解锁所述第一节臂节 2的锁定状态, 并控制所述第一节臂节 2 运动以使得该第一节臂节 2带动所述布料臂架的其它臂节运动到所述布料设备上的初始 折叠位置。
在上述第三步骤中, 优选地, 在所述第三步骤中, 从所述布料臂架 1 的第二节臂 节开始至末节臂节, 使得所述布料臂架 1的其它臂节依次递折叠到所述第一臂节 2上, 并且在所述其它臂节折叠后锁定该其它臂节中各个臂节的位置。 这样操作的优点在于, 在第一节臂节 1复位时, 可以整体带动其它臂节回复到布料设备上的初始折叠位置, 防 止其它臂节在第一臂节 1运动过程中意外发生运动而导致干涉,从而增强操作的可靠性 和安全性。
另外, 附加说明的是, 上述具体实施方式仅是第一节臂节为例进行了描述, 实际 上通过本发明的技术构思可以发现,本发明并不局限于仅将第一节臂节 2锁定在竖直状 态,而是可以从第一节臂节 2开始依次地将布料臂架 1的至少两节臂节锁定在竖直状态, 而通过其它臂节形成布料半径以进行布料作业。但是, 这种进一步的变型方式实际已经 包含在上述基本实施方式的保护范围之内, 无论锁定在竖直状态的臂节的数量是多少, 均应当从第一节臂节开始依次进行锁定, 否则在布料作业过程中, 如果第一节臂节 2能 够自由运动, 则会破坏后面的臂节的竖直状态。
以上描述了本发明的布料设备布料控制方法的基本实施方式以及优选实施方式, 在此需要强调的是, 本发明的主要技术构思在于提供了一种布料控制方法, 通过该布料 控制方法, 使得布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车) 能够相对减小伸縮支腿的跨距, 从而使得 布料设备能够有效地减轻整机重量。这种布料控制方法并不必然需要对布料设备本身的 控制元件(例如液压元件)进行针对性地改进才能够实现, 例如某一混凝土泵车采用本 发明的布料控制方法后, 其可以通过设计相应地减小伸縮支腿的支撑跨距, 由此实现相 对较小的整机重量, 在该布料设备实施本发明的布料方法时, 尽管其可以采用专门设计 的控制技术,但是这些控制技术不是本发明的必要组成部分,即使不采用这些控制技术, 通过操作人员的手工操作也是可以实现的,例如通过操作人员进行手工操作采用插销锁 定机构来实现上述第一节臂节的竖直状态的锁定完全是可以实现的; 再如, 通过相应的 机械自动手臂额外地为第一节臂节 1提供支撑以将其固定在竖直状态。 也就是说, 本发 明的上述布料设备布料控制方法并不局限于采用特定的控制技术来实现, 任何布料设 备, 只要其采用本发明的布料控制方法, 其均属于本发明的保护范围。
为了帮助本领域技术人员理解, 以下提供一种布料设备的具体实施方式, 该布料 设备配套有相应的结构以实现上述布料控制方法。
具体地, 本发明提供一种布料设备, 该布料设备的布料臂架 1 包括依次铰接并能 够相对于彼此折叠伸展的至少两节臂节, 其中, 所述布料设备还包括用于将所述布料臂 架 1的第一节臂节 2锁定在竖直位置的锁定装置。
如上所述, 由于布料臂架 1的第一节臂节 2直接铰接在布料设备的支承基础 (例 如回转台) 上, 因此最简单地, 上述锁定装置可以是简单的插销锁定机构, 例如在第一 节臂节 2上固定相应的支架板, 当第一节臂节 2处于竖直状态时, 第一节臂节 2上的支 架板上的插销孔与布料设备(例如回转台)上的配合孔对准, 将插销插入支架板上的插 销孔和配合孔内, 即可方便地将第一节臂节 2锁定在竖直状态。 当锁定在竖直状态的臂 节包括第一节臂节的依次相邻的至少两个臂节时,在第一节臂节与第二节臂节之间设置 相应的具有插销孔的支架板, 在将第一节臂节锁定后, 在将第二节臂节通过上述类似的 插销将第二节臂节锁定到第一节臂节上即可, 依此类推, 不再赘述。
当然, 由于布料设备作为一种工程施工机械, 其广泛采用液压控制系统。 因此, 布料设备, 例如混凝土泵车上的锁定装置主要通过液压控制技术实现, 最简单地, 所述 布料臂架 1的第一节臂节 2与布料设备的支承基础(例如回转台)之间以及相邻的所述 臂节之间分别铰接有液压缸, 其中, 所述第一节臂节 2与所述布料设备的支承基础之间 铰接的所述液压缸的液压伸縮控制回路上公知地设置有用于伸縮换向控制的换向阀,该 换向阀为 0型三位四通换向阀, 该 0型三位四通换向阀兼作所述锁定装置。 具体地, 当第一节臂节 2运动到竖直状态时,通过 0型三位四通换向阀切换到中位,利用其中位 截止功能即可将第一节臂节锁定在竖直状态。
优选地, 所述布料臂架 1 的相邻臂节之间的各个所述液压缸的伸縮控制回路上的 换向阀分别为 0型三位四通换向阀。 这样, 通过该 0型三位四通换向阀的中位机能, 可以方便地将上述其它臂节中的各个臂节的位置锁定。 当然, 就布料设备而言, 采用 0 型三位四通换向阀已经基本实现液压缸的锁定功能, 在油压较大的情形下, 为了防止 0 型三位四通换向阀的密封性不够, 可以进一步地加装平衡阀来实现锁定功能, 这些对于 液压领域的技术人员而言可以通过各种技术措施实现, 在此不再赘述。
通过上述描述可以看出, 本发明的关键技术点在于: 本发明主要提供一种了不同 于常规形式的布料控制方法, 例如, 就常用的混凝土泵车而言, 在混凝土泵车在伸縮支 腿展开并支撑后, 第一节臂臂节 2展开并运动至垂直状态后, 通过将第一节臂节 2与回 转台之间铰接的液压缸锁止, 从而将第一节臂节 2锁定在竖直状态, 在此情形下, 首先 使得其它臂节依次展开, 然后可以任意控制相应的臂节伸展折叠, 以进行布料作业。
由上描述可以看出, 本发明优点在于: 本发明提供了一种独创性的布料设备布料 操作方法, 在布料操作时, 至少使得第一节臂节 2锁定在竖直状态, 并在其它臂节展开 后根据布料需要控制其进行相应的伸展或折叠运动, 以进行布料作业。 也就是说, 本发 明的布料控制方法在确保最大布料高度的前提下, 通过独创性地放弃一部分布料半径, 从而使得布料设备能够减小支腿的支撑跨距, 并通过合理布置支撑跨距的减小值为降低 支腿 3的强度提供了可能, 从而能够使得伸縮支腿的尺寸减小, 相应的加强件减少, 由 此有效地达到了布料设备减重的目的, 并有效地保证了布料设备布料时的稳定性和安全 性。 总体而言, 与现有的布料设备 (例如混凝土泵车) (减重的方法主要是通过材料改 进, 即利用碳纤维来制造臂架或其他部分不同, 而本发明通过独创性的布料控制方法使 得降低底架支腿的设计跨距和强度成为可能, 从而有利于降低整机的设计重量, 这可以 短期内在布料设备, 尤其是混凝土泵车领域取得突破, 且能够产生明显的有益效果。 本 发明的布料设备用于实现所述布料控制方法, 因此其同样具有上述优点。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不限于上述实 施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种 简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征, 在不矛 盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。 为了避免不必要的重复, 本发明对各 种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要其不违背本 发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1、 布料设备布料控制方法, 所述布料设备的布料臂架 (1 ) 包括依次铰接并能够相 对于彼此折叠伸展的至少两节臂节, 其中, 所述布料控制方法包括:
第一, 控制所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的第一节臂节 (2) 运动到竖直状态, 并且使得该第 一节臂节 (2) 保持在所述竖直状态;
第二, 控制所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的其它臂节运动以进行布料作业, 并在布料作业过 程中始终使得所述第一臂节 (2) 保持在所述竖直状态。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的布料设备布料控制方法, 其中, 所述布料设备为混凝土 泵车。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的布料设备布料控制方法, 其中, 在所述第一步骤中, 使 得所述第一节臂节锁定在所述竖直状态; 并且在所述第二步骤中, 使得所述第一臂节在 所述布料作业过程中始终锁定在所述竖直状态。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的布料设备布料控制方法, 其中, 在所述第一步骤中, 在 将所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的除第一节臂节 (1 ) 的所述其它臂节锁定的状态下, 控制所述第 一节臂节 (2)运动到竖直状态; 在所述第二步骤中, 解锁所述布料臂架的其它臂节的锁 定状态, 并控制该布料臂架的其它臂节运动以进行布料作业。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的布料设备布料控制方法, 其中, 在所述第二步骤中, 从 所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的末节臂节开始, 依次地解锁该布料臂架 (1 ) 的其它臂节中相应臂 节的锁定状态并控制该相应臂节运动, 从而控制该布料臂架的其它臂节依次展开。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的布料设备布料控制方法, 其中, 在所述第二步骤中, 同 时解锁所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的其它臂节中各个臂节的锁定状态, 并控制该布料臂架 (1 ) 的其它臂节中的各个臂节同时展开。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 6中任一项所述的布料设备布料控制方法, 其中, 所述布料 控制方法还包括第三步骤: 当完成布料作业后, 使得所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的除所述第一节 臂节 (2) 之外的所述其它臂节折叠到所述第一节臂节 (2) 上, 进而解除所述第一节臂 节 (2) 的竖直状态, 并控制所述第一节臂节 (2)运动, 以使得该第一节臂节 (2) 带动 所述其它臂节运动到所述布料设备上的初始折叠位置。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的布料设备布料控制方法, 其中, 在所述第三步骤中, 从 所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的第二节臂节开始至末节臂节, 使得所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的所述其它 臂节依次地折叠到所述第一臂节(2)上, 并且在所述其它臂节折叠后锁定该其它臂节中 各个臂节的位置。
9、 布料设备布料控制方法, 所述布料设备的布料臂架 (1 ) 包括依次铰接并能够相 对于彼此折叠伸展的至少三节臂节, 其中, 所述布料控制方法包括:
第一, 控制所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的依次相邻的至少两节臂节运动到竖直状态, 并且 使得处于竖直状态的各个所述臂节保持在所述竖直状态, 其中所述至少两节臂节为所述 布料臂架 (1 ) 的部分臂节并包括所述第一节臂节 (2);
第二, 控制所述布料臂架的除保持在所述竖直状态的臂节之外的其它臂节运动以进 行布料作业, 并在布料作业过程中使得处于竖直状态的各个所述臂节始终保持在所述竖 直状态。
10、 布料设备, 该布料设备的布料臂架 (1 ) 包括依次铰接并能够相对于彼此折叠 伸展的至少两节臂节, 该布料臂架 (1 ) 的第一节臂节 (2) 铰接在所述布料设备的支承 基础上, 其中, 所述布料设备还包括用于将所述第一节臂节 (2)锁定在竖直位置的锁定 装置。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的布料设备, 其中, 所述第一节臂节 (2) 与所述布料设 备的支承基础之间以及相邻的所述臂节之间分别铰接有液压缸,其中所述第一节臂节(2) 与所述支承基础之间的所述液压缸的液压伸縮控制回路上设置有用作伸縮换向控制的换 向阀, 该换向阀为 0型三位四通换向阀, 该 0型三位四通换向阀兼作所述锁定装置。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的布料设备, 其中, 所述布料臂架 (1 ) 的相邻臂节之间 铰接的各个所述液压缸的伸縮控制回路上的换向阀分别为 0型三位四通换向阀。
13、 根据权利要求 10所述的布料设备, 其中, 所述锁定装置为插销锁定机构, 该 插销锁定机构包括插销, 其中所述第一节臂节 (2)上固定有支架板, 在所述第一节臂节
(2)处于竖直状态时, 所述支架板上的插销孔能够与所述布料设备的支承基础上的配合 孔对准, 以能够将所述插销插入所述插销孔和配合孔内, 从而将所述第一节臂节 (2)锁 定在竖直状态。
14、 根据权利要求 10至 13中任一项所述的布料设备, 其中, 所述布料设备为混凝 土泵车, 所述布料设备的支承基础为所述混凝土泵车的回转台。
PCT/CN2012/086104 2012-08-24 2012-12-07 布料设备布料控制方法及布料设备 WO2014029179A1 (zh)

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CN103485543B (zh) * 2013-09-09 2016-08-10 三一汽车制造有限公司 一种臂架及布料设备
CN104999543B (zh) * 2014-04-18 2017-03-29 佛山市恒力泰机械有限公司 一种陶瓷压砖机曲柄布料的控制方法及其控制器
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