WO2014017206A1 - 電子ビーム溶解炉およびこれを用いた電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法 - Google Patents
電子ビーム溶解炉およびこれを用いた電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014017206A1 WO2014017206A1 PCT/JP2013/066263 JP2013066263W WO2014017206A1 WO 2014017206 A1 WO2014017206 A1 WO 2014017206A1 JP 2013066263 W JP2013066263 W JP 2013066263W WO 2014017206 A1 WO2014017206 A1 WO 2014017206A1
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- electron beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/304—Controlling tubes by information coming from the objects or from the beam, e.g. correction signals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/06—Melting-down metal, e.g. metal particles, in the mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
- C22B9/228—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/12—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/22—Optical or photographic arrangements associated with the tube
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/22—Optical or photographic arrangements associated with the tube
- H01J37/222—Image processing arrangements associated with the tube
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/304—Controlling tubes by information coming from the objects or from the beam, e.g. correction signals
- H01J37/3045—Object or beam position registration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/22—Remelting metals with heating by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0071—Regulation using position sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electron beam irradiation technique for a hearth arranged in an electron beam melting furnace or a molten metal pool formed in a mold, and more particularly to a technique for controlling a heating position by electron beam irradiation.
- an electron beam melting furnace can be set at a lower degree of vacuum than a vacuum arc melting furnace, and thus has a high purification effect on raw materials and is suitable for melting high-purity metals.
- the electron beam melting furnace heats and melts the object by directing an electron beam emitted from an electron gun disposed on the ceiling portion of the melting furnace to the object. Since the electron beam emitted from the electron gun has straight travel characteristics, the object can be reliably heated and melted by bending the electron beam with the deflection coil and setting the intensity of the electron beam. have.
- the object heated by the electron beam is held in a molten state, the metal from the same part is also evaporated, and the vapor enters the traveling path of the electron beam.
- the electron beam may interfere with the metal vapor, and as a result, the traveling direction of the electron beam may be changed, and the electron beam may not necessarily be emitted in the set direction.
- the irradiation direction of the electron beam may change to an unintended direction due to noise entering from the outside.
- the electron beam and the deflection coil that bends the beam are easily affected by an external magnetic field. Even in such a case, the electron beam may be displaced in an unexpected direction. It has been.
- the traveling direction of the electron beam as described above is scattered in an unintended direction, for example, the wall surface of the hearth holding the molten metal may be heated, and this is left for a long time. Then, there is a possibility that the hearth may be damaged, which is not preferable.
- Patent Document 2 Also known is a means for detecting characteristic X-rays generated when an electron beam emitted from an electron beam is accidentally irradiated onto a mold to detect erroneous irradiation of the electron beam (for example, Patent Document 2). reference).
- the above-mentioned problems have been intensively studied.
- the position information of the part is compared with the position information of the region to be irradiated with the electron beam stored in advance in the electron beam control means, and the irradiation position of the electron beam is controlled so that the difference between the two is minimized.
- an electron beam melting furnace includes a hearth and a mold for holding a molten metal, an electron gun for generating an electron beam for holding the molten metal in a molten state, and a control signal for an irradiation position of the electron beam.
- An electron beam irradiation pattern output device for outputting to the electron beam and an electron gun control means for controlling the irradiation direction of the electron beam by inputting a control signal, and further melting in the hearth or the mold
- An arithmetic device that calculates, an output device that generates a correction output signal based on a difference calculated by the arithmetic device, and a device that adds the correction output signal to the control signal It is characterized in that Bei was.
- the image sensor is preferably a high-resolution CCD camera or a temperature sensor.
- the operation method of the electron beam melting furnace according to the present invention includes a hearth and a mold for holding a molten metal, an electron gun for generating an electron beam for holding the molten metal in a molten state, and a control signal for an irradiation position of the electron beam.
- An electron beam irradiation pattern output device for outputting to a gun, an electron gun control means for controlling the irradiation direction of an electron beam by inputting a control signal, and an electron beam irradiated to a molten metal surface in a hearth or a mold
- An image sensor that measures a high-intensity part, an arithmetic unit that calculates the difference between the position information of the high-intensity part measured by the image sensor and the electron beam irradiation position information set in the initial stage of dissolution, and an arithmetic unit
- An electron beam melting furnace comprising: an output device that generates a corrected output signal based on a difference; and a device that adds the corrected output signal to a control signal.
- This is a rotation method, and the irradiation position of the electron beam is controlled so that the difference between the position information of the high-intensity part measured by the image sensor and the electron beam irradiation position information set at the initial stage of melting is not more than a predetermined value. It is characterized by.
- the operation method of the electron beam melting furnace according to the present invention preferably controls the irradiation position of the electron beam so that the difference between the irradiation coordinates and the high luminance part coordinates is minimized.
- the operation method of the electron beam melting furnace according to the present invention is such that, when the high-luminance part coordinates are (x, y) and the irradiation coordinates are (X, Y), the X coordinate and the Y coordinate of both plane coordinates are It is preferable that the absolute values
- the operation method of the electron beam melting furnace according to the present invention is the displacement ⁇ (Y ⁇ y) 2 + (X ⁇ x) between the high-luminance part coordinates (x, y) and the irradiation coordinates (X, Y). 2 ⁇ It is preferable to control 1/2 to 1 mm or less.
- the operation method of the electron beam melting furnace according to the present invention is such that the metal to be melted is titanium or a titanium alloy.
- the hearth disposed in the electron beam melting furnace and the molten metal pool formed in the mold can be accurately heated without damaging the hearth and the mold.
- the whole hearth can be effectively used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electron beam melting furnace.
- Reference numeral 4 denotes a raw material feeder for supplying the raw material 10 from the outside, and a hearth 3 for holding the raw material 10 and its molten metal 12 is provided on the downstream side of the raw material feeder 4.
- a mold 5 for pouring the molten metal 12 to cool and solidify is provided.
- a raw material 10 typified by sponge titanium is charged into a hearth molten metal 12 formed inside the hearth 3 from the side wall of the hearth 3.
- the raw material 10 charged in the hearth molten metal 12 is irradiated with the electron beam 2 a from the electron gun 1 a, is integrated with the hearth molten metal 12, and is supplied to the mold 5 disposed downstream of the hearth 3.
- the hearth molten metal 12 supplied to the mold 5 is maintained in a molten state by the electron beam 2b irradiated from the electron gun 1b on the bath surface to form a molten pool 13, but is cooled by the water cooling wall of the mold 5 as it goes downward. Solidifies to form a solidified shell.
- the solidified shell formed in the vicinity of the wall in the mold 5 increases in thickness along the drawing direction of the mold 5 and finally becomes a solid phase and is extracted as an ingot 11.
- the extraction base 6 is engaged with the bottom of the ingot 11 and can be extracted vertically downward by the extraction power 8 through the shaft 7 joined to the extraction base 6.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the electron gun 1a, the water-cooled copper hearth 3 and the portion of the heart spool 12 held in the melted state in FIG.
- an image sensor 20 is further disposed in the vicinity of the electron gun 1a.
- the image sensor 20 can detect the irradiation position of the electron beam irradiated into the Harspool 12 as described below.
- the electron beam 2a is controlled to be irradiated from the electron gun 1a while scanning the surface of the harness spool 12 in a line. That is, the XY coordinates for each time from the start of irradiation from the start points 30a to 32a to the end points 30b to 32b, which are pre-programmed, are output as control signals from an electron beam irradiation pattern output device (not shown).
- the electron gun control means that is input to the electron gun control means and the magnetic field of the deflection coil of the electron gun is controlled in the X direction and the Y direction by the electron gun control means to which the control signal is input.
- the region 31 is irradiated from the start point 31a to the end point 31b, and then the region 32 is sequentially irradiated from the start point 32a to the end point 32b at a high speed.
- the electron beam itself is invisible, but on the Harspool 12 irradiated with the electron beam.
- the high-intensity portion described above is observed linearly (30 to 32, etc.) near the boundary between the region irradiated with the electron beam and the portion not irradiated with the electron beam. It can be observed with particularly high brightness at the end portions 30a / b, 31a / b, and 32a / b, which are the start point and end point of electron beam irradiation.
- the XY coordinates of the high-luminance portion can be read by detecting by the image sensor 20 heat relatively higher than the surroundings emitted from these high-luminance portions.
- the setting of the electron beam irradiation position, the irradiation of the electron beam, and the detection of the actual position of the irradiated electron beam can be performed.
- the image sensor 20 preferably uses a high-resolution CCD camera, but other image sensors may be used to detect light in a high-luminance portion.
- the irradiation position of the molten metal 12 held in the hearth 3 is first performed manually by inputting the coordinates of the electron beam irradiation position for each time. That is, the plane coordinates are stored in advance in an electron beam irradiation pattern output device (not shown) and output as a control signal.
- coordinates for each time means coordinates to be irradiated after a predetermined time has elapsed from the start of irradiation.
- the control signal is input to the electron gun control means and operated, and the electron beam is irradiated while scanning the set region as described above,
- the molten metal 12 held in the hearth 3 can be heated uniformly.
- an image sensor 20 is disposed in the vicinity of the electron gun 1 a disposed in the space above the hearth 3, and the image sensor 20 has a high temperature based on the temperature information of the part that is actually dissolved.
- the coordinate information of the luminance part is obtained, and the difference between the coordinates to be irradiated at the pre-programmed time and the actual high luminance part coordinates is calculated separately by the calculation means (not shown), and the electron beam 2a is actually There is an effect that the irradiated area can be grasped.
- the solid line portion is a pre-programmed electron beam irradiation target region.
- the electron beam irradiation is started from the starting point 30a, and the electron beam starts to be displaced due to the influence of metal vapor interference, an external magnetic field, etc., and the electron beam is irradiated to the course indicated by the broken line, it is programmed in advance at a certain time.
- the electron beam should be irradiated to 30c (coordinates x c , y c ), but the high brightness position detected by the image sensor is 30d (coordinates x d , y d ). Occurs.
- Both of these coordinates are input to the calculation means, and the displacement ⁇ (y d ⁇ y c ) 2 + (x d ⁇ x c ) 2 ⁇ 1/2 is obtained by calculation, and the displacement exceeds a predetermined value.
- information of the X component ⁇ X
- and the Y component ⁇ Y
- of the displacement is fed back to the electron gun control means, and only the X component and the Y component of the electron beam are fed back. Can be corrected to eliminate the difference between the coordinates of 30d and 30c.
- the correction of the electron beam irradiation position is performed for controlling the irradiation position of the electron beam so as to correct the difference between them, that is, the deviation between the two coordinates from the comparison calculator 10 with the positional information of the two as inputs.
- a signal is output and input to the electron gun control device, so that the irradiation position of the electron beam can be automatically controlled.
- FIG. 7 shows an electron beam control system specifically showing the contents of FIG.
- the high-resolution CCD shown in FIG. 7 is a preferred embodiment of the image sensor according to the present invention. Based on the result of imaging the irradiation state of the electron gun, the hearth heated by the electron beam irradiation or the pool in the mold is used. It is preferable to configure with an apparatus that can detect a high-luminance region.
- the irradiation position of the electron beam can be detected from the high-intensity part detected by the device.
- the irradiation position information is input to the arithmetic unit, the deviation from the calculation of the irradiation target position and the actual position of the electron beam is calculated, a correction signal is generated, and this is irradiated to the electron gun from the electron beam irradiation pattern output device By adding it to the signal, it is possible to bring it closer to the irradiation position of the electron beam.
- the electron beam width H shown in FIG. 7 means the width of the electron beam applied to the surface of the pool formed in the hearth or the mold.
- the electron beam width H can also be output as the electron beam irradiation signal width (H).
- the high resolution CCD camera, the arithmetic unit, and the correction signal output device enclosed by the broken line in FIG. 7 are configured as individual units, and the present invention can be implemented by adding to the existing EB irradiation pattern output device. .
- the present invention can also be implemented by incorporating the high-resolution CCD camera, the arithmetic unit, and the correction signal output device from the beginning with respect to the electron beam irradiation pattern output device.
- the plane coordinates (x d , y d ) of the point heated by the electron beam irradiation and the plane coordinates (x c , y c ) of the point originally intended to be irradiated with the electron beam are different from each other. It is preferable to control so that the absolute value of becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the difference in absolute value of the difference between the two plane coordinates is controlled to 1 mm or less.
- the irradiation position of the electron beam 2a can be controlled by changing the magnetic field formed in the coil by controlling the current flowing in the deflection coil provided in the electron gun 1a. Assuming that the electron beam irradiation direction from the electron gun when there is no input to the deflection coil is the initial position, the electron beam irradiation direction is changed from the initial position along the X-axis direction by passing a current through the deflection coil in the X direction. Similarly, by applying a current to the Y direction deflection coil independently of the X direction, the irradiation direction of the electron beam can be changed from the initial position along the Y axis direction.
- the plane coordinates (x c , y c ), the plane coordinates (x d , y d ), and the values of the expressions (1) and (2) are calculated by the calculation means, and the result is calculated by the electron gun.
- the present invention can be suitably applied not only to the hearth 3 as described above but also to the molten pool 13 formed in the mold 5. This is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the coordinates of the region 33 from the start point 33a to the end point 33b, the region 34, etc. are programmed as the region to be irradiated with the electron beam in the mold 5, and the electron beam irradiation is performed in the same manner as described above. In addition, it is possible to detect a high-luminance portion and correct the irradiation position.
- the electron beam melting furnace having the mechanism having the present invention has an effect that it can be suitably applied not only to melting pure titanium but also to melting titanium alloy. Further, the present invention has an effect that it can be suitably applied to refractory metals such as molybdenum and niobium other than pure titanium and titanium alloys.
- Electron beam irradiation position control device Controls the irradiation direction of the electron beam by a deflection coil. In addition, a device for controlling the irradiation direction of the electron beam based on the correction signal output from the arithmetic device.
- Example 1 Using the apparatus described above, sponge titanium was supplied to Hearth and dissolved to form a molten metal, which was discharged into a mold to produce an ingot. After completion of the ingot generation, the hearth wall disposed in the electron beam melting furnace was observed with the naked eye, but no appearance of damage to the hearth was detected.
- Example 1 The ingot was generated by irradiating the electron beam with the initial program under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the image sensor and the electron beam irradiation position control device according to the present invention were not used and the irradiation position of the electron beam was not corrected. . After melting the ingot, the electron beam melting furnace was dismantled and the hearth damage was observed with the naked eye. As a result, a slight trace of electron beam irradiation on one spot was observed.
- Example 2 In Example 1, the ingot was melted under the same conditions except that the raw material was changed from sponge titanium to alloy scrap. As a result of investigating the distribution of alloy components in the melted ingot, both the longitudinal direction and the radial direction are within 3% to 8% variation in relative error with respect to the absolute value of the average value of the ingot. Was confirmed.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 1, an alloy ingot was melted under the same conditions except that the raw material of Example 2 was used. When the segregation state of the alloy component in the longitudinal direction in the melted alloy ingot was examined in the radial direction, a variation of 6% to 17% was confirmed as a relative error with respect to the absolute value of the average value.
- the present invention provides an apparatus and a method capable of extending the life of a hearth and a mold used in an electron beam melting furnace and producing an ingot having a uniform composition.
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Abstract
Description
2a、2b…電子ビーム、
3…ハース、
4…原料フィーダ、
5…水冷銅鋳型、
6…引き抜きベース、
7…シャフト、
8…引き抜き動力、
10…原料、
11…インゴット、
12…溶融金属プール、
13…溶融金属プール、
20…イメージセンサー、
30~34…プログラムされた照射領域、
30a~34a…端部(照射始点)、
30b~34b…端部(照射終点)、
30c…プログラムされた照射位置、
30d…変位した照射位置。
本発明に係る好ましい態様の説明に先立って、図1を用いて本発明に用いる電子ビーム溶解炉の好ましい態様について以下に述べる。図1は、電子ビーム溶解炉の模式図である。符号4は、原料10を外部から供給するための原料フィーダであり、原料フィーダ4の下流側には、原料10およびその溶湯12を保持するハース3が設けられている。ハース3の下流側には、溶湯12を流し込み冷却凝固させるための鋳型5が設けられている。ハース3および鋳型5の上方には、原料を溶融させハース3内の溶湯12および鋳型5内の溶湯プール13とするための電子銃1aおよび1bがそれぞれ配置されている。鋳型5の下方には、溶湯12を冷却凝固して形成されたインゴット11を係合させる引き抜きベース6と、引き抜きベース6をインゴット11と共に下方に引くシャフト7および引き抜き動力8が接続されている。
|xd-xc| < 1mm …(1)
|yd-yc| < 1mm …(2)
1)電子銃の出力:400KA
2)ハース
材質:水冷銅
寸法:0.5m(長さ)×0.3m(幅)
3)鋳型
材質:水冷銅
鋳型断面形状:丸型
4)溶解原料:スポンジチタン、合金スクラップ
5)イメージセンサー:高解像度CCDカメラ
6)演算装置:CCDカメラで測定された温度情報から高輝度領域の位置情報を演算させ、次いで、電子ビームを照射すべき位置と比較し、電子ビームの照射位置の修正信号を出力する装置。
7)電子ビーム照射位置制御装置:偏向コイルにより電子ビームの照射方向を制御する。また、加えて、演算装置から出力された修正信号に基づき、電子ビームの照射方位を制御する装置。
上記した装置を使用して、ハースにスポンジチタンを供給して溶解させて溶湯となしこれを鋳型に排出させてインゴットを生成させた。上記したインゴットの生成終了後、電子ビーム溶解炉内に配設したハース壁を肉眼で観察したが、ハースが損傷されている様子は検出されなかった。
本発明に係るイメージセンサーおよび電子ビーム照射位置制御装置を使用せず、電子ビームの照射位置を修正しない以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で初期プログラムのまま電子ビームを照射してインゴットを生成した。インゴットの溶製後、電子ビーム溶解炉を解体して、ハースの損傷状況を肉眼で観察したところ、1箇所に電子ビームが照射された軽微な痕跡が観察された。
実施例1において、原料をスポンジチタンから合金スクラップに変更した以外を同じ条件でインゴットを溶製した。溶製されたインゴット中の合金成分の分布を調査したところ、長手方向及び半径方向のいずれも、インゴットの平均値の絶対値に対して、相対誤差で、3%~8%のばらつきに収まることが確認された。
比較例1において、実施例2の原料を使用した以外は同じ条件下で合金インゴットを溶製した。溶製された合金インゴット中の長手方向を半径方向の合金成分の偏析状況を調査したところ、平均値の絶対値に対して相対誤差で、6%~17%のばらつきが確認された。
Claims (7)
- 溶融金属を保持するハースおよび鋳型と、
前記溶融金属を溶融状態に保持する電子ビームを生成する電子銃と、
電子ビームの照射位置の制御信号を前記電子銃に出力する電子ビーム照射パターン出力装置と、
前記制御信号を入力して電子ビームの照射方向を制御する電子銃制御手段と
から構成された電子ビーム溶解炉であって、さらに、
前記ハースまたは鋳型内の溶融金属表面に電子ビームが照射されて形成される高輝度部位を測定するイメージセンサーと、
前記イメージセンサーで測定された高輝度部位の位置情報と溶解初期に設定された電子ビーム照射位置情報との差異を計算する演算装置と、
前記演算装置で演算された差異に基づき補正出力信号を生成する出力装置と、
前記補正出力信号を前記制御信号に付加させる装置を具備したことを特徴とする電子ビーム溶解炉。 - 前記イメージセンサーが、高解像度のCCDカメラまたは温度センサーであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子ビーム溶解炉。
- 溶融金属を保持するハースおよび鋳型と、前記溶融金属を溶融状態に保持する電子ビームを生成する電子銃と、電子ビームの照射位置の制御信号を前記電子銃に出力する電子ビーム照射パターン出力装置と、前記制御信号を入力して電子ビームの照射方向を制御する電子銃制御手段と、前記ハースまたは鋳型内の溶融金属表面に電子ビームが照射されて形成される高輝度部位を測定するイメージセンサーと、前記イメージセンサーで測定された高輝度部位の位置情報と溶解初期に設定された電子ビーム照射位置情報との差異を計算する演算装置と、前記演算装置で演算された差異に基づき補正出力信号を生成する出力装置と、前記補正出力信号を前記制御信号に付加させる装置を具備したことを特徴とする電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法であって、
前記イメージセンサーで測定された前記高輝度部位の位置情報と溶解初期に設定された電子ビーム照射位置情報との差異が所定値以下となるように電子ビームの照射位置を制御することを特徴とする電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法。 - 前記照射座標と前記高輝度部位座標との差異が最小となるように電子ビームの照射位置を制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法。
- 前記高輝度部位座標を(x、y)とし、前記照射座標を(X,Y)とした場合、両者の平面座標のX座標およびY座標における差異の絶対値|X-x|および|Y-y|をそれぞれ1mm以下に制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法。
- 前記高輝度部位座標(x、y)と、前記照射座標(X,Y)との変位量{(Y-y)2+(X-x)2}1/2を1mm以下に制御することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法。
- 溶融させる金属が、チタンまたはチタン合金であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の電子ビーム溶解炉の運転方法。
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