WO2014013702A1 - 画像表示装置 - Google Patents

画像表示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014013702A1
WO2014013702A1 PCT/JP2013/004293 JP2013004293W WO2014013702A1 WO 2014013702 A1 WO2014013702 A1 WO 2014013702A1 JP 2013004293 W JP2013004293 W JP 2013004293W WO 2014013702 A1 WO2014013702 A1 WO 2014013702A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
combiner
image
image display
light
projection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/004293
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
小林　学
Original Assignee
株式会社Ｊｖｃケンウッド
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2012161979A external-priority patent/JP6019869B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012161971A external-priority patent/JP5910386B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012167315A external-priority patent/JP6019889B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2012167314A external-priority patent/JP5910394B2/ja
Application filed by 株式会社Ｊｖｃケンウッド filed Critical 株式会社Ｊｖｃケンウッド
Priority to EP13820232.0A priority Critical patent/EP2876483B1/en
Priority to CN201380012053.9A priority patent/CN104145207B/zh
Publication of WO2014013702A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014013702A1/ja
Priority to US14/476,712 priority patent/US9462214B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/74—Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
    • G06T19/006—Mixed reality
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/011—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/013—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an image display device, and more particularly to an image display device that presents an image based on image display light to a user as a virtual image.
  • An image display device called a head-up display is known.
  • the head-up display has an optical element called a combiner.
  • the combiner transmits extraneous light and reflects image display light projected from the optical unit included in the head-up display. Accordingly, the user can visually recognize the image related to the image display light superimposed on the landscape via the combiner.
  • this image display device called a head-up display
  • the driver of the vehicle recognizes the information of the image projected from the optical unit with almost no change in the viewing direction and the focal position for viewing the scenery outside the vehicle. Therefore, in recent years, it has attracted attention as an in-vehicle image display device.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a head-up display that is mounted on a dashboard of a vehicle that adjusts a space that can be visually recognized by a user by using an X-axis stage, a Z-axis stage, and a rotary stage.
  • the head-up display as described above is required to be smaller.
  • the position and space where the head-up display can be attached are limited, and thus the mounted combiner is required to be smaller.
  • the influence of aberration becomes large and the image may be distorted.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a small-sized image display device capable of reducing image distortion due to aberration even when the mounting position and space are limited. To do.
  • an aspect of the present invention is an image display device.
  • the apparatus includes an image generation unit that generates image display light based on an image signal, a projection port that projects the image display light generated by the image generation unit, and a virtual image that reflects the image display light projected from the projection port.
  • a combiner for presenting. In the combiner, the curvature in the specific direction becomes smaller as the distance from the projection port increases in the specific direction along the reflecting surface of the combiner.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a small-sized image display device capable of reducing image distortion due to aberration even when there is a restriction on the position and space where the device is attached.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a head-up display, which is an image display device for a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, as viewed from the inside of the vehicle. It is a perspective view shown by the visual field from the windshield side about the head-up display of FIG. It is a figure which shows the internal structure of an optical unit with the path
  • FIG. 5A is a top view when the printed circuit board to which the image display element is attached is viewed from the incident direction of light from the light source.
  • FIG. 5B is a side view of the printed circuit board to which the image display element is attached.
  • FIG. 26 is a three-side view of a mounting plate in the mounting member of FIG. 25. It is a perspective view which shows the head-up display attached to the room mirror.
  • the results of investigating the effect of the distance between the diffusion layer and the reflection surface on the resolution of the real image formed on the reflective intermediate image screen surface and the calculated value of the resolution It is a figure shown in a table format. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the distance from a diffused layer to a reflective surface, the resolution of the real image formed on a reflective intermediate image screen surface, and the distance from a diffused layer to a reflective surface, and the calculated value of the resolution. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the three-layer part which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the screen holding part which concerns on embodiment. It is a top view which shows the state in which the screen holding part installed the three-layer part.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an aspect in which the head-up display 10 according to the present embodiment is observed from a field of view toward a windshield (not shown) of a vehicle from a room mirror 600 to which the head-up display 10 is attached.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an aspect in which the head-up display 10 is observed with a field of view from the windshield (not shown) toward the room mirror 600.
  • the directions indicated by front and rear, left and right, and up and down are the front and rear of the vehicle, the left and right directions of the vehicle, the direction perpendicular to the road surface on which the vehicle is disposed and the direction from the surface to the vehicle, and vice versa. Means direction.
  • the head-up display 10 generates an image signal related to an image displayed as a virtual image on the combiner 400, and stores a circuit board 111 (see FIG. 10) that outputs the generated image signal to the optical unit 200.
  • Part 100 is provided.
  • the circuit board 111 receives an image signal output from an external device (not shown) such as a navigation device or a media playback device, performs a predetermined process on the input signal, and outputs the processed signal to the optical unit 200. You can also.
  • the substrate storage unit 100 is connected to an attachment member 500 (see FIG. 25), which will be described later, which is one of the components of the head-up display 10, and the rearview mirror 600 is held by the attachment member 500, thereby the head-up display. 10 is attached to the room mirror 600.
  • the head-up display 10 includes an optical unit 200 to which an image signal output from the circuit board 111 is input.
  • the optical unit 200 includes an optical unit main body 210 and a projection unit 300.
  • the optical unit main body 210 accommodates a light source 231, an image display element 240, and various optical lenses described later.
  • the projection unit 300 houses various projection mirrors and an intermediate image screen 360 described later.
  • the image signal output from the circuit board 111 is projected as image display light from the projection port 301 onto the combiner 400 having a concave shape through the devices of the optical unit main body 210 and the devices of the projection unit 300.
  • LCOS Liquid crystal on silicon
  • DMD Digital Micromirror Device
  • the user who is the driver recognizes the projected image display light as a virtual image via the combiner 400.
  • the projection unit 300 projects the image display light of the character “A” onto the combiner 400.
  • the user recognizes the letter “A” as if it is displayed, for example, 1.7m to 2.0m ahead (front of the vehicle) from the user, that is, recognizes the virtual image 450. it can.
  • the central axis of the image display light projected from the projection unit 300 onto the combiner 400 is defined as a projection axis 320.
  • the optical unit 200 is configured to be rotatable with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Furthermore, in the head-up display 10 according to the present embodiment, the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 have a configuration in which the mounting direction can be changed with respect to a predetermined surface of the optical unit main body 210 and can be detached.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the optical unit main body 210 and a part of the internal configuration of the projection unit 300 together with an optical path related to image display light.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the projection unit 300 and a part of the internal configuration of the optical unit main body 210 together with an optical path related to image display light projected to the combiner 400.
  • the optical unit main body 210 includes a light source 231, a collimating lens 232, a UV-IR (UltraViolet-Infrared Ray) cut filter 233, a polarizer 234, a fly-eye lens 235, a reflecting mirror 236, a field lens 237, a wire grid polarization beam splitter 238, An image display light generation unit 244, an analyzer 241, a projection lens group 242, and a heat sink 243 are provided.
  • a light source 231 a collimating lens 232, a UV-IR (UltraViolet-Infrared Ray) cut filter 233, a polarizer 234, a fly-eye lens 235, a reflecting mirror 236, a field lens 237, a wire grid polarization beam splitter 238,
  • An image display light generation unit 244, an analyzer 241, a projection lens group 242, and a heat sink 243 are provided.
  • the light source 231 includes a light emitting diode that emits light of three colors of white, blue, green, and red.
  • a heat sink 243 is attached to the light source 231 for cooling the heat generated with light emission.
  • the light emitted from the light source 231 is converted into parallel light by the collimating lens 232.
  • the UV-IR cut filter 233 absorbs and removes ultraviolet light and infrared light from the parallel light that has passed through the collimating lens 232.
  • the polarizer 234 changes the light that has passed through the UV-IR cut filter 233 into unpolarized P-polarized light.
  • the fly-eye lens 235 uniformly adjusts the brightness of the light that has passed through the polarizer 234.
  • the linearly polarized light that has passed through the UV-IR cut filter 233 becomes P-polarized light in relation to the incident angle to the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238.
  • the reflecting mirror 236 deflects the optical path of the light passing through each cell of the fly-eye lens 235 by 90 degrees.
  • the light reflected by the reflecting mirror 236 is collected by the field lens 237.
  • the light collected by the field lens 237 is irradiated to the image display light generation unit 244 via a wire grid polarization beam splitter 238 that transmits P-polarized light.
  • the image display light generation unit 244 generates image display light based on the light irradiated through the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238 and the image signal output from the circuit board 111 and emits the image display light as image display light.
  • the image display light emitted from the image display light generation unit 244 enters the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238 again, but becomes S-polarized light in relation to the incident angle.
  • the emitted S-polarized light is reflected by the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238, changes the optical path, passes through the analyzer 241, and then enters the projection lens group 242.
  • the image display light transmitted through the projection lens group 242 exits the optical unit main body 210 and enters the projection unit 300. And the 1st projection mirror 351 with which the projection part 300 is provided changes the optical path of the image display light which entered.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the image display light generation unit 244 according to the embodiment.
  • the image display light generation unit 244 is installed perpendicular to the optical axis of the light emitted from the light source 231 in the optical system arrangement unit 245 in the optical unit main body 210.
  • the Z axis is an axis parallel to the optical axis
  • a plane parallel to the XY plane formed by the X axis and the Y axis is a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • the image display light generation unit 244 is installed in parallel to the XY plane.
  • the main optical members constituting the image display light generation unit 244 define a quarter-wave plate 239 that converts linearly polarized light and circularly polarized light into each other, and a circularly polarized light irradiation region that has passed through the quarter-wave plate 239.
  • An image display element 240 that generates image display light by reflecting the circularly polarized light that has passed through the aperture mask 270 based on the image signal of the image to be displayed.
  • the image display element 240 is provided on the printed circuit board 250.
  • the aperture mask 270 includes an opening 271 for defining a light irradiation region, and the quarter wavelength plate 239 is configured to be attached so as to cover a surface on one end side of the opening 271.
  • the aperture mask 270 is preferably made of a material that is thin but difficult to transmit light in order to allow only light passing through the opening 271 to pass therethrough and suppress light diffraction in the opening 271. Made of material. Further, in order to suppress the light reflected from the surface of the aperture mask 270 from becoming stray light, the surface of the aperture mask 270 is preferably a color having a high light absorption rate, for example, black after anodizing. It is preferable that
  • the aperture mask 270 has a wave plate guide 272 for regulating the mounting position of the quarter wavelength plate 239 at a position facing the opening 271 on the surface on the side where the quarter wavelength plate 239 is mounted.
  • the quarter-wave plate 239 is provided with a meniscus 273 along the wave-plate guide 272. After the quarter-wave plate 239 is attached to the aperture mask 270, the quarter-wave plate 239 is regulated by the wave-plate guide 272 and Z It can rotate around a rotation axis parallel to the axis.
  • the quarter-wave plate 239 is attached to the aperture mask 270 by the attachment screw 293 in a state where the meniscus 273 is pressed by the holding spring 292.
  • the holding spring 292 presses the quarter-wave plate 239 against the aperture mask 270 by the elastic force of the plate spring. For this reason, even after the attachment screw 293 is attached to the aperture mask 270, the quarter wavelength plate 239 is rotated within a predetermined angle range by moving the adjustment knob 274 of the quarter wavelength plate 239. be able to.
  • the image display element 240 attached to the printed circuit board 250 reflects the light transmitted through the quarter-wave plate 239 and generates image display light based on the image signal generated by the circuit board 111. More specifically, the image display element 240 includes red, green, and blue color filters for each pixel, and the light emitted to the image display element 240 has a color corresponding to each pixel, and image display is performed. Modulation is performed by the liquid crystal composition included in the element 240, and the light is output as S-polarized image display light in a direction reversed by 180 degrees from the incident direction. For this reason, it is important to align the quarter wavelength plate 239 and the image display element 240 so as to face each other.
  • the image display light generation unit 244 includes an attachment base 260 for attaching the aperture mask 270 to which the quarter wavelength plate 239 is attached and the printed circuit board 250 to which the image display element 240 is attached.
  • the mounting base 260 includes an opening 261 serving as an optical path.
  • the aperture mask 270 to which the quarter wavelength plate 239 is mounted and the printed circuit board 250 to which the image display element 240 is mounted sandwich the opening 261 of the mounting base 260. It is attached in the position which opposes. More specifically, the aperture mask 270 provided with the quarter wavelength plate 239 is attached so as to cover the entire first surface which is the one end side surface of the opening 261 of the attachment base 260.
  • the printed circuit board 250 is attached so that the image display element 240 is positioned in the opening 261 of the attachment base 260 and covers the entire second surface on the other end side of the opening 261 of the attachment base 260.
  • the opening 271 of the aperture mask 270 may be referred to as a “first opening”
  • the opening 261 of the mounting base 260 may be referred to as a “second opening”.
  • the mounting base 260 also includes positioning pins 262 for restricting the mounting position of the aperture mask 270 and the printed circuit board 250.
  • the positioning pin 262 is provided so as to penetrate the mounting base 260 in a direction parallel to the optical axis.
  • Aperture mask 270 and printed circuit board 250 are each provided with positioning holes 251 and 275 for fitting positioning pins 262, and the positions to be attached to mounting base 260 are determined by fitting positioning pins 262 into positioning holes 251 and 275. Since the positioning pin 262 for restricting the attachment position of the aperture mask 270 and the printed circuit board 250 is composed of a single member, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the attachment position.
  • the aperture mask 270 is fixed to the mounting base 260 by mounting screws 294.
  • the printed circuit board 250 is fixed to the mounting base 260 by mounting screws 290. Thereby, the quarter wavelength plate 239 attached to the aperture mask 270 and the image display element 240 attached to the printed circuit board 250 can be easily attached to a predetermined attachment position.
  • the image display element 240 attached to the printed circuit board 250 is an electronic circuit and generates heat when energized. Therefore, the mounting base 260 is made of a metal material so that the heat generated by the image display element 240 is dissipated through the printed circuit board 250. More specifically, a metal layer made of a metal foil serving as a ground for the image display element 240 is formed on at least a region of the printed circuit board 250 on the surface of the substrate that comes into contact with the mounting base 260 when attached to the mounting base 260. Is provided.
  • FIG. 5A is a top view when the printed circuit board 250 to which the image display element 240 is attached is viewed from the incident direction of light from the light source 231.
  • FIG. 5B is a side view of the printed circuit board 250 to which the image display element 240 is attached.
  • the attachment of the image display element 240 to the printed circuit board 250 is performed according to the following process.
  • an adhesive 256 is applied on the printed board 250 as shown in FIG.
  • the image display element 240 is mounted at a predetermined position on the printed circuit board 250 using the adhesive 256.
  • the image display element 240 is electrically connected to the printed circuit board 250 by wire bonding 254.
  • a liquid crystal seal 253 is applied, and a counter glass 252 is attached.
  • a protective resin 255 for protecting the last wire bonding 254 is applied.
  • the connector 257 connects a flexible cable 246 described later, and transmits the image signal generated by the circuit board 111 to the image display element 240.
  • the printed circuit board 250 is provided with two positioning holes 251 for restricting the position when the printed circuit board 250 is attached to the attachment base 260.
  • the positioning pin 262 By passing the positioning pin 262 through each of the positioning holes 251, the image display element 240 attached to the printed circuit board 250 can be easily attached to a predetermined attachment position of the attachment base 260.
  • a printed circuit board is often formed of a phenol resin or an epoxy resin. For this reason, it is possible to increase the thermal conductivity by providing a metal layer having a higher thermal conductivity than that of the above-described resin on a region in contact with the mounting base 260.
  • a hatched area on the surface of the printed circuit board 250 is an area that comes into contact with the mounting base 260 when mounted on the mounting base 260.
  • the printed circuit board 250 according to the embodiment is provided with a metal layer serving as the ground of the image display element 240 in a region indicated by hatching in FIG. Since the mounting base 260 is made of a metal material, the heat of the image display element 240 can be easily dissipated, and the mounting base 260 can also function as the ground of the image display element 240.
  • the surface of the mounting base 260 is preferably a color having a high absorption rate in order to suppress stray light.
  • the surface of the mounting base 260 is preferably black after being subjected to an alumite treatment. .
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view when the image display light generation unit 244 according to the embodiment is viewed in the emission direction of the image display light. As shown in FIG. 6, the side on which the image display light generated by the image display element 240 is incident on the opening 261 of the attachment base 260 is attached to the attachment base 260 by attaching the printed circuit board 250 to which the image display element 240 is attached. It is blocked.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view when the image display light generation unit 244 according to the embodiment is viewed from the incident direction of the light from the light source 231.
  • the incident direction side of the light from the light source 231 in the opening 261 of the mounting base 260 is blocked by mounting the aperture mask 270 with the quarter wavelength plate 239 mounted on the mounting base 260.
  • the aperture mask 270 is fixed to the mounting base 260 by the mounting screw 294, and the quarter wavelength plate 239 is pressed against the aperture mask 270 by the elastic force of the pressing spring 292.
  • the attachment base 260 attaches the quarter-wave plate 239 and the aperture mask 270 to the first surface, which is one end of the opening 261, and the printed circuit board 250 to which the image display element 240 is attached. Is attached to the second surface side, which is the surface on the other end side of the opening 261, so as to cover both ends of the opening 261. More specifically, the quarter-wave plate 239 and the aperture mask 270 are attached to the first surface that is the surface on the incident direction side of the light from the light source 231 among the surfaces of the attachment base 260.
  • the printed circuit board 250 to which the image display element 240 is attached is attached to a second surface that is a surface on the light emission direction side of the light source 231 among the surfaces of the attachment base 260.
  • the step of attaching the quarter-wave plate 239, the aperture mask 270, and the printed circuit board 250 to the opening 261 of the attachment base 260 is performed in a clean room. Is preferred.
  • the mounting base 260 functions as the ground of the image display element 240 at the same time. It is also possible to dissipate heat from the printed circuit board 250.
  • the quarter-wave plate 239 dust or dirt may be attached to the surface on the light incident direction side from the light source 231.
  • the surface of the quarter wavelength plate 239 on the light incident direction side of the light source 231 is separated from the image display element 240 that generates image display light by at least the thickness of the mounting base 260. For this reason, dust or dirt on the surface of the 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate 239 on the light incident direction side from the light source 231 is defocused and becomes inconspicuous.
  • the quarter wavelength plate 239 is a device that converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light when linearly polarized light is incident and converts circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light when circularly polarized light is incident.
  • the conversion efficiency of the quarter-wave plate 239 depends on the rotation angle of the quarter-wave plate 239 with respect to the light incident on the quarter-wave plate 239. Therefore, in order to optimize the conversion efficiency of the quarter wavelength plate 239, the rotation angle of the quarter wavelength plate 239 with respect to the optical axis is adjusted.
  • the quarter wavelength plate 239 is attached to the aperture mask 270 by the elastic force of the holding spring 292, the quarter wavelength plate 239 is rotated about the optical axis by moving the adjustment knob 274. Can rotate as. This makes it possible to optimally adjust the conversion efficiency of the quarter-wave plate 239, for example, during assembly on the production line. Further, by fixing the quarter wave plate 239 to the aperture mask 270 after optimizing the conversion efficiency, it is possible to keep the conversion efficiency in an optimum state after the product is shipped.
  • the aperture mask 270 to which the quarter wavelength plate 239 is attached is attached to one end of the opening 261 of the attachment base 260, and the printed circuit board to which the image display element 240 is attached is attached to the other end of the opening 261.
  • the image display device according to the embodiment is a head-up display, adjustment is performed so that the image display light generated by the image display light generation unit 244 forms an image at a predetermined position on the intermediate image screen 360.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the adjustment of the attachment position to the optical system arrangement unit 245 in the image display light generation unit 244 according to the embodiment.
  • the attachment base 260 and the aperture mask 270 are provided with attachment holes 263 for allowing attachment screws 290 to pass.
  • the attachment holes 263 are provided at three locations, and the image display light generation unit 244 is installed in the optical system arrangement unit 245 by being screwed with three attachment screws 290.
  • the diameter of the mounting hole 263 to be the screw hole of the mounting screw 290 is larger than the screw diameter of the mounting screw 290, and the clearance of the installation position of the image display light generation unit 244 is secured. More specifically, the diameter of the attachment hole 263 is 1.2 to 1.3 times the screw diameter of the attachment screw 290.
  • the image display light generation unit 244 is installed in the optical system arrangement unit 245 by screwing the image display light generation unit 244 with the attachment screw 290 having a screw diameter smaller than the diameter of the attachment hole 263 by a predetermined ratio. In doing so, it is possible to slide in all directions on a plane parallel to the XY plane shown in FIG. 4, and the attachment position can be adjusted. As a result, the image display light generated by the image display light generation unit 244 forms an image at a predetermined position of the intermediate image screen 360 (for example, the central portion of the intermediate image screen 360). The installation position can be adjusted. In this sense, the attachment hole 263 and the attachment screw 290 function as an installation position adjusting unit for the attachment base 260.
  • the mounting base 260 and the aperture mask 270 are subjected to C chamfering, and an area where the mounting base 260 and the aperture mask 270 come into contact with each other is smaller than before the C chamfering is performed. ing. For this reason, when the aperture mask 270 is attached to the attachment base 260, it is possible to relieve the mechanical stress generated in both. Further, since the image display light generation unit 244 is screwed by the three attachment holes 263 provided in the attachment base 260 and the aperture mask 270, the image display light generation unit 244 is caused by distortion generated in the attachment base 260 and the aperture mask 270 due to mechanical and heat. Stress can also be suppressed.
  • the head-up display according to the embodiment of the present invention provides a technique for achieving both dust prevention and heat dissipation of an optical part, and a technique that can simplify the positioning of the optical part. can do.
  • the aperture mask 270 provided with the quarter wavelength plate 239 and the printed circuit board 250 provided with the image display element 240 can be easily positioned and the assembly can be simplified.
  • the opening 261 of the mounting base 260 is closed with the aperture mask 270 provided with the quarter-wave plate 239 and the printed circuit board 250 provided with the image display element 240, so that a separate dustproof member is not attached. Can build a dust-proof structure. Furthermore, by forming the mounting base 260 from a metal material, it is possible to provide a ground for the printed circuit board 250 and efficiently dissipate the heat generated by the printed circuit board 250.
  • the image display light generation unit 244 configured by mounting the quarter-wave plate 239, the aperture mask 270, and the image display element 240 to the mounting base 260 is an adjustment that allows position adjustment when mounting to the optical system placement unit 245. Clearance is provided. For this reason, the image display light generated by the image display light generation unit 244 and the intermediate image screen 360 can be easily positioned, and assembly can be simplified.
  • the projection unit 300 includes a first projection mirror 351, a second projection mirror 352, and an intermediate image screen 360.
  • the optical path of the image display light that has passed through the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238, the analyzer 241, and the projection lens group 242 included in the optical unit main body 210 is combined by the first projection mirror 351 and the second projection mirror 352.
  • the optical path to 400 is changed.
  • a real image based on the image display light reflected by the second projection mirror 352 is formed on the intermediate image screen 360.
  • the image display light related to the real image formed on the intermediate image screen 360 passes through the intermediate image screen 360 and is projected onto the combiner 400.
  • the user recognizes the virtual image related to the projected image display light forward via the combiner 400.
  • the user can visually recognize the virtual image based on the image signal output from the circuit board 111 by superimposing it on the actual scenery via the combiner 400.
  • the optical unit 200 is configured to be rotatable with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Next, the internal configuration of the optical unit 200 and the substrate storage unit 100 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a part inside the optical unit 200 and a part inside the substrate storage unit 100.
  • the optical system arrangement unit 245 included in the optical unit 200 accommodates various devices other than the heat sink 243 described above.
  • a heat sink 243 and a space 248 are provided in the vicinity of the connection portion of the optical system arrangement unit 245 with the substrate storage unit 100 on the substrate storage unit 100 side.
  • the circuit board 111 electrically controls the image display element 240 and the light source 231 housed in the optical system arrangement unit 245.
  • the circuit board 111 and the image display element 240 accommodated in the optical system arrangement unit 245 are connected by a flexible cable 246 that is a wiring.
  • the flexible cable 246 is an example, and a flexible board or other wiring for transmitting an electrical signal can be used.
  • the optical unit 200 has an optical unit side opening 247 formed on one surface of the housing, and the substrate housing portion 100 has a substrate housing portion side opening 112 formed on one surface of the housing.
  • the flexible cable 246 connects the circuit substrate 111 and the image display element 240 through the optical unit side opening 247 and the substrate storage unit side opening 112.
  • the flexible cable 246 preferably has a length that allows the substrate storage unit 100 and the optical unit 200 to freely rotate.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a state when the heat sink 243 and the flexible cable 246 described above are removed from a part of the optical unit 200 and a part of the substrate storage unit 100 of FIG.
  • the optical unit side opening 247 and the substrate storage unit side opening 112 are each formed in a shape having two opposing sides that spread at a predetermined angle, for example, a substantially fan shape having a predetermined angle.
  • the space portion 248 is provided in the vicinity of the connection portion of the substrate storage portion 100 in the optical unit 200, and the flexible cable 246 is mainly stored in the space portion 248 in the optical unit 200. .
  • the space 248 By providing the space 248, the length of the flexible cable can be secured with a margin. Accordingly, the tension applied to the flexible cable 246 can be reduced when the optical unit 200 is rotated with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the flexible cable 246 from being damaged or cut by the tension accompanying the rotation.
  • the optical unit 200 and the substrate storage unit 100 are connected to each other by a hinge 113 that is a rotation member that serves as a rotation axis of the rotation and a rotation stop mechanism 114 that limits a rotation angle range.
  • the optical unit 200 rotates with respect to the substrate storage unit 100 by a predetermined angle around the hinge 113.
  • the hinge 113 is used in the present embodiment, other rotating members can be used.
  • the substrate storage unit side opening 112 of the substrate storage unit 100 and the optical unit side opening 247 of the optical unit 200 are substantially fan-shaped as described above.
  • the opening for passing the flexible cable 246 formed by both the substrate storage unit side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening 247 is narrowed.
  • the substrate housing side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening 247 are substantially fan-shaped, so that the flexible cable 246 is sufficiently passed through the angle range limited by the rotation stopping mechanism 114. The opening is maintained.
  • the shapes of the substrate housing side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening 247 described above are merely examples, and any shape may be used as long as the flexible cable 246 is not damaged by rotation.
  • only one of the substrate housing side opening 112 and the optical unit side opening 247 may be formed in a shape having two opposing sides that spread at a predetermined angle so that the load is not applied to the flexible cable 246.
  • the head-up display 10 is configured such that the optical unit 200 and the substrate storage unit 100 can rotate around the hinge 113.
  • the combiner 400 is provided in the optical unit 200, and the substrate storage unit 100 is attached to the room mirror 600 by an attachment member 500.
  • the user can independently adjust the observation angle of the room mirror and the adjustment of the observation angle of the combiner 400. Therefore, the user can adjust the room mirror 600 to an angle at which the rear of the vehicle can be properly confirmed, and adjust the viewing angle of the combiner 400 to recognize an appropriate image (virtual image) without distortion.
  • the combiner 400 of the head-up display 10 has a configuration in which the curvature in a specific direction decreases as the distance from the projection port 301 increases as will be described in detail later. With this configuration, even when the combiner 400 is downsized, an image with less distortion is presented.
  • the optical unit 200 since the optical unit 200 is configured to be rotatable with respect to the substrate storage unit 100, the user can maintain the positional relationship between the projection port 301 of the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 while maintaining the positional relationship between the combiner 400.
  • the viewing angle can be adjusted. Therefore, according to the head-up display 10, the user can adjust the viewing angle of the combiner 400 while presenting the image with less distortion on the combiner 400.
  • the optical unit 200 can freely rotate with respect to the substrate storage unit 100. Adjustment of each observation angle can be performed appropriately, and tension generated by rotation can be prevented from damaging or cutting the flexible cable 246.
  • the optical unit 200 and the substrate are rotated by the rotation of the optical unit 200 with respect to the substrate housing portion 100.
  • Each casing outer wall of the storage unit 100 can be prevented from damaging or cutting the flexible cable 246, and the user can appropriately adjust each observation angle.
  • the optical path of the image display light is bent twice in the 90 degree direction by using the reflecting mirror 236 and the wire grid polarization beam splitter 238.
  • the image display light is emitted to the projection unit 300 in a direction opposite to the light emission direction of the light source 231.
  • the flexible cable 246 can be wired so as not to be close to the light source 231 (see FIG. 10).
  • noise due to electromagnetic waves generated from the light source 231 can be prevented from being mixed into the image signal, and the flexible cable 246 can also be prevented from being damaged by heat generated by the light source 231.
  • the heat sink 243 installed in the vicinity of the light source 231 is also arranged away from the flexible cable 246, a space portion 248 for storing the flexible cable 246 can be provided.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of the head-up display 10 attached to the room mirror 600.
  • the room mirror 600 is normally directed toward the driver so that the driver can visually recognize the rear of the vehicle. That is, it is rare for the driver to drive with the mirror surface 602 of the room mirror 600 perpendicular to the vehicle bottom surface or the traveling road surface.
  • the driver uses the mirror surface 602 of the room mirror 600 as the vehicle bottom surface or the like.
  • the direction of the rearview mirror 600 is tilted so as to have an angle with respect to the vertical plane. For this reason, when the head-up display 10 is attached to the room mirror 600, the substrate storage unit 100 also has an angle with respect to a plane parallel to the vehicle bottom surface or the like as the room mirror 600 is tilted.
  • the inventor of the present application conducted an experiment for recognizing a virtual image presented by the combiner 400 for many vehicles and various users.
  • the longitudinal direction of the room mirror 600 and the longitudinal direction of the substrate storage unit 100 are the same direction. If the angle of the combiner 400 and the optical unit 200 is adjusted so that the user recognizes the virtual image without distortion when the head-up display 10 is installed, the mirror surface 602 and the optical unit main body 210 are often adjusted. It was confirmed by an experiment that the angle formed with the reference plane 212 of the lens was approximately 100 degrees.
  • the “reference plane” of the optical unit body 210 is an angle measurement reference plane used as a reference for measuring the inclination of the optical unit body 210 with respect to the mirror surface 602 of the rearview mirror 600.
  • An example of the reference surface 212 is a plane including the optical axis of the optical unit main body 210 or a plane parallel thereto.
  • Another example of the reference surface 212 is the first main body surface 221 that is the lower surface when the head-up display 10 is attached to the right handle, or the second main body surface that is the surface facing the first main body surface 221. 222 or a plane parallel to these surfaces.
  • the “reference surface” of the optical unit main body 210 may be a reference surface of the optical unit 200.
  • the head-up display 10 includes the mounting member 500, the mounting plate 571, and the like so that the longitudinal direction of the room mirror 600 and the longitudinal direction of the substrate storage unit 100 are the same direction.
  • the head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 using 581 or the like, an optimal image without distortion can be presented when the angle formed by the mirror surface 602 and the reference surface 212 becomes a predetermined reference angle.
  • the optical unit constituting the optical system of the head-up display 10 is designed so that an optimal video can be presented under the above-described conditions.
  • the “optical part constituting the optical system of the head-up display 10” is a system that generates and projects image display light based on an image signal output from the circuit board 111 housed in the board housing part 100.
  • Quarter-wave plate 239, analyzer 241, and projection lens group 242, first projection mirror 351, second projection mirror 352, intermediate image screen 360 in projection unit 300, and combiner 400 all or predetermined It is a part.
  • the “predetermined reference angle” is an angle formed between the mirror surface 602 and the reference surface 212 and is an angle assumed as a design reference when the head-up display 10 is optically designed.
  • the “predetermined reference angle” may be determined by experiments so that an optimal video without distortion can be presented to many vehicles and various users.
  • An example of the predetermined reference angle is an obtuse angle, more specifically 100 degrees.
  • the “predetermined reference angle” is indicated by using ⁇ in FIG.
  • the head-up display 10 since the head-up display 10 according to the embodiment is designed with an optical unit that forms an optical system based on the angle formed by the mirror surface 602 and the reference surface 212 being a predetermined reference angle, Thus, the optical design is optimally adapted to the inclination of the room mirror 600 assumed in the usage state.
  • the optical unit 200 is often kept near horizontal. Since the optical unit 200 does not face the user, it is possible to reduce the feeling of pressure received by the user who is the driver.
  • the substrate storage unit 100 attached via an attachment member 500 (not shown) is fixedly installed on the room mirror 600 directed toward the user as described above. For this reason, the substrate storage unit 100 can be changed in orientation similar to the orientation change applied to the room mirror 600.
  • the optical unit 200 including the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 can be rotated integrally with the substrate storage unit 100 by the hinge 113. Therefore, regardless of the adjustment angle of the room mirror 600, the driver can adjust the image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 to a visible position without causing distortion.
  • FIG. 13 is a view from the view from the mirror surface 602 side of the room mirror 600 of the head-up display 10 attached to the room mirror 600.
  • the rotation surface of the hinge 113 that is a boundary surface between the substrate storage unit 100 and the optical unit 200 formed by the rotation of the hinge 113 is perpendicular to the mirror surface 602 and parallel to the projection axis 320. By being a smooth surface, it is in a position that does not cross the room mirror 600. Therefore, the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 can be integrally rotated without contacting the room mirror 600 while the substrate storage unit 100 is fixed to the room mirror 600.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 are diagrams showing a space in which an image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 can be visually recognized, in the observation direction of the driver of the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 rotated by the hinge 113 described above. It is a figure for demonstrating a change. For example, when both the driver B with a higher eye position than the driver A uses the head-up display 10 attached to the same vehicle, the adjustment angle by the hinge 113 when the driver A uses is shown in FIG. As shown, the angle ⁇ 1. At this angle, the driver A can visually recognize the image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 without distortion.
  • the adjustment angle by the hinge 113 when the driver B is used is an angle ⁇ 2 larger than the angle ⁇ 1 as shown in FIG. 15, and an image (virtual image) projected on the combiner 400 to the driver B at this angle ⁇ 2.
  • the rotation of the hinge 113 from the angle ⁇ 1 to the angle ⁇ 2 is a straight line formed mainly by the rotation surface and the mirror surface 602 of the room mirror 600 at a position where an image displayed as a virtual image is recognized by the combiner 400. Change in a direction parallel to.
  • the combiner 400 in which the projection direction of the image display light from the projection unit 300 and the image display light are projected in a space-saving manner. Can be adjusted. Moreover, since only the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 can be moved integrally without moving the entire head-up display 10, a space in which a display image can be easily viewed can be adjusted.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing the shape of the combiner 400.
  • the image display light projected along the projection axis 320 from the projection port 301 is reflected at the projection position 322 on the reflection surface 410 of the combiner 400.
  • the reflected image display light travels along the reflection axis 330 and reaches the user who is the driver.
  • the user visually recognizes the image display light projected from the projection port 301 as a virtual image that appears in the line-of-sight direction 340 in front of the combiner 400.
  • the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 is formed of a spherical surface, the virtual image of the image display light presented to the user E is distorted due to the influence of aberration, and the visibility may be reduced.
  • the curvature of the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 is increased in order to present a large virtual image to the user. There is a need.
  • the curvature of the reflecting surface 410 is increased, spherical aberration and astigmatism increase, and the virtual image presented to the user is easily distorted, making it difficult to present high-definition and highly visible image display light.
  • the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 is formed of an aspherical surface.
  • the reflective surface 410 is configured by a biconic surface expressed by the formula (1).
  • the z-axis direction is the user's line-of-sight direction 340
  • the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction are a horizontal direction and a vertical direction orthogonal to the line-of-sight direction 340, respectively.
  • the origin position of the xyz axis is the apex of the biconic surface constituting the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 for convenience of explanation.
  • c x curvature in x direction (reciprocal of radius of curvature in x direction)
  • c y curvature in y direction (reciprocal of radius of curvature in y direction)
  • k x x-direction conic constant
  • k y y-direction conic constant
  • the shape of the biconic surface expressed by Equation (1) can be changed to a hyperboloid, a paraboloid, an ellipsoid, a spherical surface, and the like.
  • an ellipse is obtained when ⁇ 1 ⁇ k x ⁇ 0
  • the combiner 400 when the reflecting surface 410 is formed of a biconic surface will be described.
  • the combiner 400 has + y with respect to the projection position 322 where the vertex position 422 of the biconic surface constituting the reflection surface 410 is the intersection of the projection axis 320 and the reflection surface 410. It is provided to be a position moved in the direction. Moreover, the combiner 400 is provided so that the vertex position 422 may be the closest position from the projection port 301.
  • the 1st curve 431 of FIG. 16 shows the intersection line of the reflective surface 410 and yz plane
  • the 2nd curve 432 shows the intersection line of the reflective surface 410 and xz plane.
  • the vertex position 422 of the reflection surface 410 passing through the first curve 431 is provided to be a position moved in the + y direction with respect to the projection position 322 that is the intersection of the reflection surface 410 and the projection axis 320. .
  • the reference axis 420 of the biconic surface orthogonal to the vertex position 422 is arranged so as to have a positional relationship decentered in the y direction. For this reason, the image display light projected along the projection axis 320 from the projection port 301 is reflected by the reflection surface 410 and changes its direction, and the user in the direction of the reflection axis 330 visually recognizes the reflected light. Can do.
  • the reflecting surface 410 of the combiner 400 is not symmetric in the y-axis direction with the vertex position 422 of the biconic surface as a reference axis, but is asymmetric using the lower half of the biconic surface.
  • the combiner 400 can be made smaller.
  • the vertex position 422 of the reflection surface 410 passing through the second curve 432 is provided at a position where the x coordinate is the same as the projection position 322 that is the intersection of the reflection surface 410 and the projection axis 320.
  • the line-of-sight direction 340 from the user's viewpoint E and the biaxial surface reference axis 420 orthogonal to the vertex position 422 are arranged in a positional relationship that is concentric with the x direction. For this reason, the user can visually recognize reflected light with less aberration in the x direction.
  • the curve shape in the x direction is any one of a hyperbola, a parabola, and an elliptic line on the biconic surface represented by the equation (1).
  • the conic constant satisfies the relationship of k x ⁇ 0
  • any one of a hyperbola, a parabola, and an elliptic line is used for the curve shape in the y direction.
  • the conic constant satisfies the relationship of k y ⁇ 0
  • the curvature in the specific direction decreases. Since the biconic surface constituting the reflective surface 410 is provided such that the vertex position 422 is closest to the projection port 301, the curvature with respect to a specific direction is the vertex position 422 whose distance from the projection port 301 is closest. Becomes the maximum, and the curvature decreases as the distance from the projection port 301 becomes farther toward the specific direction.
  • FIG. 19 is a side view showing an optical path of image display light presented to the user via the combiner.
  • the projection light 324 projected from the projection port 301 is reflected by the reflecting surface of the combiner 400.
  • the reflected reflected light 334 reaches the user E and is visually recognized as a virtual image 450.
  • a virtual image 450 with less distortion can be presented even when image display light having a two-dimensional size is projected.
  • the reflective surface 410 is presented to the user by configuring it with a biconic surface. It is possible to suppress the distortion of the virtual image 450 and present the virtual image 450 with high definition and high visibility.
  • FIG. 20 is a side view showing the optical path of the image display light when the viewpoint of the user who is the driver moves.
  • the viewpoints E1 to E3 of the user who is the driver change depending on the height of the driver and the sitting position. Even in the case where the user's viewpoint moves, it is convenient for the user that the virtual image 450 without distortion can be visually recognized within a certain movement range.
  • the inventor makes it possible to present a virtual image 450 with less distortion even when the user's viewpoint moves up and down by making the first curve 431 that is the shape of the biconic surface in the y direction a hyperbola close to a parabola. I found it.
  • the value of the y-direction conic constant k y is a value that satisfies the relationship -2, specific values, the size of the virtual image 450, the positional relationship between the projection port 301 and the combiner 400 and the virtual image 450, the projection shaft 320 and the reference axis It is desirable to determine by experiment according to the degree of eccentricity of 420 or the like.
  • FIG. 21 is a top view showing an optical path of image display light presented to the user via the combiner.
  • the projection light projected from the projection port 301 is reflected by the combiner 400, and the reflected light reaches the user's left eye E1 and right eye E2, and is visually recognized as a virtual image 450.
  • it is desirable that both the virtual image visually recognized by the left eye E1 and the virtual image visually recognized by the right eye E2 are presented as virtual images with less image distortion due to aberration.
  • the second curve 432 which is the shape of the biconic surface in the x direction, is an elliptical line close to a parabola, so that a virtual image 450 with less distortion can be presented even when the left and right viewpoints are different. It was.
  • the value of the x-direction conic constant k x is set to a value larger than ⁇ 1 and close to ⁇ 1.
  • the value satisfies the relationship of ⁇ 1 ⁇ k y ⁇ 0.5, and the specific value depends on the size of the virtual image 450, the positional relationship between the projection port 301, the combiner 400, and the virtual image 450, and the like. It is desirable to determine by experiment.
  • the reflecting surface 410 is a hyperboloid, a parabola, or an ellipsoid is determined by the eccentric relationship between the reference axis 420 of the biconic surface constituting the reflecting surface 410 and the line-of-sight direction 340. it can.
  • the first curve 431 having a shape in the y direction is an elliptic line close to a parabola
  • the second curve 432 having a shape in the x direction is used.
  • a hyperbola close to a parabola may be selected.
  • the first curve 431 and the second curve 432 may be selected as hyperbolas close to a parabola. It is desirable to experimentally determine various coefficients and constants that define the curved surface.
  • the combiner 400 has been described with respect to the configuration including the vertex position 422 of the biconic surface constituting the reflective surface 410, the combiner may not include the vertex position. For example, when it is necessary to use a smaller combiner than the design due to space constraints in the vehicle, only a portion close to the projection position 322 may be cut out from the reflective surface 410 shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 22 shows a state in which the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 are removed from the optical unit main body 210 in the head-up display 10 attached to the right-hand drive vehicle.
  • the optical unit main body 210 and the combiner 400 are arranged on the right side, which is the driver side of the rearview mirror 600, when viewed from the driver side.
  • the substrate storage unit 100 has a first attachment surface 115 and a second attachment surface 117 opposite to the first attachment surface 115.
  • the first attachment surface 115 is attached to an attachment member 500 (not shown). It is attached to the rearview mirror 600 in the direction of contact.
  • the optical unit main body 210 has a first main body surface 221 on the same side as the first mounting surface 115 of the substrate housing portion 100. The surface of the optical unit main body 210 that faces the first main body surface 221 is referred to as a second main body surface 222.
  • the lower end 404 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 in an arrangement state where the lower end 404 is on the first main body surface 221 side. Therefore, the projection axis 320 is on the first body surface 221 side (see FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 23 shows the head-up display 10 attached for a left-hand drive vehicle.
  • the second mounting surface 117 of the board housing portion 100 is on the lower side and the second mounting surface 117 is in contact with the mounting member 500 (not shown). Attached to the mirror 600.
  • the optical unit main body 210 and the combiner 400 are arranged on the left side which is the driver side of the rearview mirror 600 when viewed from the driver side.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the head-up display 10 attached to the left-hand drive vehicle.
  • the second mounting surface 117 of the substrate storage unit 100 and the second main body surface 222 of the optical unit main body 210 are on the same lower side, and the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 and the lower end 404 of the combiner 400 are the second main body.
  • the head-up display 10 is attached to the room mirror 600 in the arrangement state on the surface 222 side.
  • the projection port 301 and the lower end 404 are on either the first main body surface 221 side or the second main body surface 222 side of the optical unit main body 210. Even in the state, the optical unit main body 210 can be arranged. 22 and 23, it is possible to remove the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 from the optical unit main body 210 and change their mounting directions. Although not shown, the optical unit main body 210 and the projection unit are omitted. 300 and the combiner 400 are connected by a rotating member, and the mounting direction of each can be changed via the rotating member.
  • the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 can be attached to the optical unit main body 210 by changing the mounting direction, and the combiner can be changed from the projection unit 300 by changing the mounting direction.
  • the projection axis 320 relating to the arrangement of the projection ports 301 for emitting the image display light projected onto the image 400 and the projection direction of the image display light can be the first main body surface 221 side or the second main body surface 222 side. .
  • the projection unit 301 is in a state where the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 is on the second body surface 222 side of the optical unit body 210. Since 300 can be disposed, image display light is projected downward from the optical unit main body 210. Therefore, the projection axis 320 is on the second body surface 222 side.
  • the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 can be used even when the projection port 301 and the lower end 404 are located on either the first body surface 221 side or the second body surface 222 side of the optical unit body 210.
  • the main body 210 can be arranged. That is, projection is performed at a position where the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 and the lower end 404 of the combiner 400 are changed by 180 ° with respect to one surface of the optical unit main body 210 (the first main body surface 221 or the second main body surface 222).
  • the part 300 and the combiner 400 can be attached.
  • the mounting positions of the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 with respect to the optical unit main body 210 can be changed, and the mounting positions of the projection unit 300 and the combiner 400 with respect to the first mounting surface 115 (or the second mounting surface 117) of the substrate storage unit 100 can also be changed.
  • the circuit board 111 is before the attachment change by the detection of the attachment position and orientation of the projection unit 300 or the combiner 400 by the sensor and the driver setting through an operation unit such as a remote controller (not shown). An image signal with the image orientation changed is output.
  • the orientation of the image output at the attachment position where the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 is on the first main body surface 221 side, and the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300 is on the first main body surface 221 side, and the projection port 301 of the projection unit 300.
  • the image display element 240 changes the image direction (up / down / left / right, 180 °, etc.) according to the attachment position of the projection unit 300 and outputs the image. (Virtual image) can be visually recognized.
  • the rotation surface of the hinge 113 is in a position that does not cross the room mirror 600 as in the case shown in FIG.
  • the optical unit 200 and the combiner 400 can be integrally rotated without contacting the room mirror 600 while being fixed to the room mirror 600.
  • FIG. 25 shows an attachment member 500 for attaching the head-up display 10 to the room mirror 600.
  • the attachment member 500 is a pair of grips 590 that are fixed to the room mirror 600 so as to grip the room mirror 600, and an attachment for attaching the pair of grips 590 and the substrate storage unit 100.
  • the grip portion 590 sandwiches the two lower gripping mechanism portions 591 having claw portions that can slide back and forth to sandwich the lower end portion of the rearview mirror 600 and the upper end portion of the rearview mirror 600.
  • Two upper gripping mechanism portions 592 having claw portions slidable in the front and rear, a height adjusting portion 593 slidable up and down to sandwich the rear mirror 600 from the rear side up and down, and a mounting plate 581 are mounted.
  • a position adjustment groove 594 which is a long hole for adjusting the position of the mounting plate 581 with respect to the grip portion 590 is provided on the upper surface.
  • the attachment plate 581 is disposed so as to straddle the upper surfaces of the pair of gripping portions 590, and a pair of protrusions 584 of the attachment plate 581 described later are engaged with and attached to the position adjustment groove 594.
  • FIG. 26 is a three-side view of the mounting plate 581 in the mounting member 500 of FIG.
  • the mounting plate 581 is composed of a substantially rectangular plate-like member as a whole, and a flat surface that is a mounting surface has a pair of arc-shaped hole portions 582 that are arc-shaped holes of different orientations, A center hole portion 583 that is a pair of holes formed at the center position of a circle serving as the base of the arc of the arc hole portion 582, and a position formed on the grip portion 590 when attached to the grip portion 590 on the back surface side. And a projection 584 that is slidable in the longitudinal direction of the position adjusting groove 594 by being fitted to the adjusting groove 594.
  • the center hole 583 is provided at the center in the width direction, which is a direction orthogonal to a straight line connecting the pair of protrusions of the mounting plate 581.
  • the pair of protrusions 584 are not attached to the center in the width direction described above, but are disposed at positions separated in the width direction by a certain distance (offset D) from the center.
  • offset D a certain distance
  • a range of sliding in a second state in which the pair of protrusions 584 are rotated 180 ° with the direction perpendicular to the surface as an axis and the two ends in the width direction are interchanged and used. Can be greatly varied, and the adjustable range of the position of the substrate storage portion 100 can be increased.
  • the second state is a state in which the protruding portion 584 is attached so as to be farther from the height adjusting portion 593 than the center hole portion 583. Since the distance between the room mirror 600 and the windshield (windshield) of the car varies depending on the vehicle type, as described above, by arranging the pair of protrusions 584 with the offset D from the center, the distance to the room mirror 600 is set.
  • the degree of freedom of the position in the front-rear direction for fixing the head-up display 10 is increased, and the head-up display 10 can be attached to various vehicles. Further, by providing a plurality of gripping portions 590 (a pair in the present embodiment), it is possible to deal with various vehicles.
  • the distance between the pair of gripping portions 590 can be arranged such that the distance between the two position adjustment grooves 594 is the same as the distance between the two protrusions 584 of the mounting plate 581.
  • the pair of grip portions 590 can be arranged so that the distance between the two position adjustment grooves 594 is shorter than the distance between the two protrusion portions 584. Since the distance between the pair of protrusions 584 does not change, the mounting plate 581 is inevitably attached obliquely when arranged in this manner, and the angle of the position adjustment groove 594 with respect to the longitudinal direction can be changed. it can. That is, the attachment plate 581 and the substrate storage unit 100 can be attached at an angle by rotating along the plane on the attachment plate 581. As described above, by providing a plurality of gripping portions 590 (a pair in the present embodiment) and adjusting the distance between the plurality of gripping portions 590, it is possible to set various mounting positions.
  • the surface of the attachment plate 581 (the surface on which the protrusion 584 is not provided) and the first attachment surface or the second attachment surface of the substrate storage unit 100 are arranged so as to overlap each other. Then, a set screw 118 (fixing member) is inserted from the arc hole portion 582 and the center hole portion 583 located at the center of the arc, and the substrate storage portion 100 is fixed by screwing. When screwing, the substrate storage portion 100 can rotate around the center hole 583 on the surface of the mounting plate 581, and is oriented with the normal of the surface of the mounting plate 581 of the substrate storage portion 100 as the rotation axis. Is adjusted.
  • the driver can visually recognize an image (virtual image) displayed on the combiner 400.
  • the mounting angle with the normal of the surface of the mounting plate 581 as the rotation axis can be adjusted.
  • the central angle of the arc of the arc hole portion 582 is determined to be an angle in a range sufficient to adjust the image (virtual image) displayed on the combiner 400 to a position where the driver can visually recognize the arc. Further, it is more preferable that the central angle of the arc of the arc hole portion 582 is determined to be an angle in a range where the combiner 400 does not contact the windshield.
  • the pair of arc hole portions 582 are arranged so that the inner sides thereof face each other.
  • the outer sides of the substrate storage unit 100 may be arranged to face each other.
  • FIG. 27 shows the head-up display 10 attached to the room mirror 600.
  • the gripping portion 590 of the mounting member 500 grips the upper and lower ends of the rearview mirror 600 from the rear surface of the rearview mirror 600 (here, the surface without the mirror) at two locations, and the mounting plate 581 holds the protrusion 584 of the gripping portion 590.
  • the position adjustment groove 594 formed in the upper gripping mechanism portion 592, the position adjustment groove 594 can be attached so that the position in the longitudinal direction, mainly the mirror surface of the room mirror 600, can be adjusted.
  • the mounting plate 581 fixes the angle with the normal line of the surface of the mounting plate 581 of the substrate storage unit 100 as the rotation axis being adjustable.
  • the longitudinal direction of the room mirror 600 is parallel to the horizontal plane and the mirror surface is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • a line passing through the center of the room mirror 600 in the vertical direction and parallel to the horizontal direction of the room mirror 600 is referred to as a room mirror center line 605.
  • a line passing through the center of the combiner 400 in the vertical direction and parallel to the horizontal direction of the combiner 400 is referred to as a combiner center line 403.
  • the observation angle of the combiner 400 can be adjusted, and as the observation angle of the combiner 400 is adjusted, the relative height of the combiner 400 with respect to the height of the room mirror 600 also changes.
  • the relative height between the combiner 400 and the room mirror 600 is the difference between the height of the combiner center line 403 and the height of the room mirror center line 605.
  • the combiner center line 403 is at a position higher than the room mirror center line 605
  • the combiner 400 is at a position relatively higher than the room mirror 600.
  • the relative height of the combiner 400 with respect to the height of the rearview mirror 600 can be fixed so as not to be adjusted by screwing or the like, that is, the head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 of the vehicle. Accordingly, when the combiner 400 is configured such that the relative height of the combiner 400 with respect to the height of the room mirror 600 is fixed (the height is uniquely determined), the combiner described below at the fixed position. It is only necessary to satisfy 400 position conditions. As shown in FIG. 27, the rearview mirror 600 has a length L in the horizontal direction (longitudinal direction) and a height H in the vertical direction.
  • the upper end 402 of the combiner 400 in the use state is above the room mirror center line 605 of the room mirror 600, and the lower end 606 of the combiner 400 is below the room mirror center line 605 of the room mirror 600.
  • the head-up display 10 is mounted on the rearview mirror 600 and the combiner 400 is mounted in such a position, so that the head-up display 10 is placed at an optimal position with little viewpoint movement when viewing the display image. Can be installed.
  • the combiner center line 403 and the room mirror center line 605 of the combiner 400 in the used state may be configured to have substantially the same height.
  • the head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 and the mounting structure is such that the combiner 400 is in such a position, so that the head-up display 10 can be moved to an optimal position with less viewpoint movement when viewing the display image. Can be installed.
  • the head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600 and the mounting structure is such that the combiner 400 is in such a position, so that the head-up display 10 can be moved to an optimal position with less viewpoint movement when viewing the display image. Can be installed.
  • the position as in the present embodiment is optimal, at least the upper end 402 of the combiner 400 in the use state is above the lower end 606 of the room mirror 600 or the lower end 606 of the combiner 400 is at the room mirror 600.
  • the head-up display 10 can be installed at a suitable position where there is little viewpoint movement when viewing the display image.
  • the state in which the combiner 400 is on the side of the room mirror 600 satisfies the condition that can achieve the above-described effect, and the horizontal position of the combiner 400 is displayed from the seat of the vehicle. Any position can be used as long as it is visible. That is, the display image projected on the combiner 400 need not be blocked by the room mirror 600.
  • the horizontal position of the combiner 400 may be arranged in a range from the horizontal end (side end) of the rearview mirror 600 to the length L of the rearview mirror 600.
  • the room mirror 600 and the combiner 400 are not too far apart, and the viewpoint movement is further reduced, which is more preferable.
  • FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of the set screw 118 when the first mounting surface 115 of the substrate storage unit 100 is mounted so as to contact the mounting plate 581
  • FIG. 29 is the second mounting surface of the substrate storage unit 100
  • 11 is a cross-sectional view of a set screw 118 portion when 117 is attached so as to be in contact with the attachment plate 581.
  • FIG. In general, the gap between the upper side of the rearview mirror 600 and the ceiling is very narrow, so that the set screw 118 is lower regardless of whether the first mounting surface 115 is in contact with the mounting plate 581 or the second mounting surface 117 is in contact with the mounting plate 581. It is tightened only from.
  • the board housing portion 100 is also designed to be as thin as possible, there is a through hole at the fixing position of the circuit board 111 with the set screw 118, which enables fixing with a longer screw.
  • the first mounting surface 115 is formed with an insert nut 116 which is a fixing member engaging portion extending to the second mounting surface 117, and a through hole is formed at a corresponding position of the second mounting surface 117.
  • 118 is engaged and fixed to the same insert nut 116 regardless of whether the first mounting surface 115 contacts the mounting plate 581 or the second mounting surface 117 contacts the mounting plate 581. Therefore, the board storage unit 100 can be installed even in a narrow area between the vehicle rearview mirror 600 and the ceiling. Therefore, in the head-up display 10 of the present embodiment, the position and angle can be adjusted in a space-saving manner.
  • FIG. 30 shows a mounting plate 571 that is a modification of the mounting plate 581.
  • the mounting plate 571 has a pair of linear straight hole portions 572 that extend in the same direction and is used when the substrate storage unit 100 is attached.
  • the mounting plate 571 has a first mounting surface 115 and a second mounting surface 117 of the substrate storage unit 100. Regardless of which attachment surface and the attachment surface of the attachment plate 571 are opposed to each other, the set screw 118 is passed through and fixed to both the straight hole portions 572.
  • the mounting plate 571 when the board storage unit 100 is mounted, the mounting positions in the longitudinal direction of both the pair of straight hole parts 572 are changed and attached, whereby the longitudinal direction of the straight hole part 572 of the substrate storage part 100 is concerned. The position can be adjusted.
  • the width of each hole of the straight hole portion 572 is formed to be sufficiently larger than the screw diameter of the set screw 118, so that the mounting position in one longitudinal direction of the pair of straight hole portions 572 can be determined.
  • the orientation with the normal of the surface of the mounting plate 581 of the substrate storage unit 100 as the rotation axis is adjusted.
  • the length and width of the straight hole 572 are determined in a range where the combiner 400 does not contact the windshield.
  • the direction of the substrate storage portion 100 is also set as a pair of straight holes. It can be adjusted freely.
  • the form demonstrated using FIGS. 25-30 showed about the example in which the board
  • the number of the position adjustment grooves 594 is two. However, one or more grooves may be used as long as they have a position adjustment function.
  • FIGS. 31 and 32 are a side view and a front view, respectively, showing a state where the combiner 400 is placed by the storage hinge 472 at the time of storage.
  • the combiner 400 is opposed to the housing surface of the optical unit 200, that is, the housing surface of the optical unit main body 210 by a storage hinge 472 that is a rotating portion of the combiner 400, for example, the housing surface. It is rotated and stored so as to be stacked.
  • the projection unit 300 is on the opposite side of the housing surface from the side on which the combiner 400 is attached, and the length to the lower end 404 that is the end of the combiner 400 farthest from the rotation center of the storage hinge 472 is:
  • the lower end 404 is shorter than the length of the optical unit main body 210 and is closer to the storage hinge 472 than the projection unit 300.
  • the height of the optical unit main body 210 from the housing surface is lower than the height of the projection unit 300 from the housing surface. Therefore, when the head-up display 10 is not used, the combiner 400 is stored by the storage hinge 472 so that the driver does not feel pressure more than when the combiner 400 is used (from when the combiner 400 is used).
  • a transparent rubber 406 may be attached to the corner of the combiner 400 on the lower end 404 side. Even when the combiner 400 is stored by the storage hinge 472 by pinching the rubber 406, it is possible to prevent dirt or the like from adhering to the combiner 400. Since the rubber 406 is transparent, it hardly obstructs the driver's view.
  • an alternative mirror may be arranged on the surface of the vehicle display device at a position corresponding to the mirror surface 602.
  • the room mirror 600 may be a mirror used for confirming the rear side of the vehicle, and the position of the mirror in the vehicle is not limited.
  • the head-up display 10 is attached to the rearview mirror 600, but may be used on the dashboard.
  • a display device such as a liquid crystal display device or an organic EL display device may be disposed at the position of the combiner 400 to form a vehicle display device.
  • the intermediate image screen 360 forms an image generated by the image display element 240 to generate a real image.
  • a method of realizing the intermediate image screen 360 there are at least two methods of “transmission type” and “reflection type”.
  • the “transmission type” intermediate image screen 360 the image light incident on one surface of the screen is transmitted through the screen and emitted from the other surface.
  • the “reflective” intermediate image screen 360 the image light incident on one surface of the screen is reflected near the other surface of the screen and is emitted from the incident surface again.
  • the “transmission type” intermediate image screen is referred to as a transmission type intermediate image screen 361
  • the “reflection type” intermediate image screen is referred to as a reflection type intermediate image screen 362.
  • the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • Transmission type intermediate image screen In a transmission screen used in a conventional display device such as a projector used indoors, which is not a vehicle display device (hereinafter referred to as a “transmission screen for normal use”), the gain becomes low and the field of view becomes dark. Wide corners. For this reason, the transmissive screen for normal use is unsuitable for use in a head-up display as a vehicle display device. On the other hand, when a diffusion sheet having a haze value (cloudiness value) lower than that of a transmission screen for normal use is used, the hot spot of the light source is too dazzling and the luminance distribution is too large, making it difficult to view the image.
  • a diffusion sheet having a haze value (cloudiness value) lower than that of a transmission screen for normal use is used, the hot spot of the light source is too dazzling and the luminance distribution is too large, making it difficult to view the image.
  • a transmission type intermediate image screen that has an appropriate transmission type light distribution and projects an image on a high gain diffusion film or diffusion plate surface is being developed.
  • a transmission type intermediate image screen for a head-up display causes a real image formed on the screen to be reflected on the combiner 400 or the windshield so that the enlarged virtual image can be recognized by the driver user.
  • a transmissive intermediate image screen for a head-up display is required to have an extremely small screen size and high resolution as compared with a transmissive screen for normal use.
  • FIG. 33A shows a cross-sectional view of a transmissive intermediate image screen 361 in which a diffusion layer is formed by applying a bead diffusing material 364 on a plastic base 363, and FIG. A sectional view of a transmission type intermediate image screen 361 in which a diffusion layer is formed by containing a bead diffusing material 364 in an acrylic base material 365 is shown.
  • Each of the examples of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B has a haze value of 84 to 90%, and a highly transparent optical bead having a diameter of 10 micrometers or less as a diffusing material. Is used.
  • the transmission light distribution angle when parallel light is incident on these transmissive intermediate image screens 361 is ⁇ 7.5 to 10 degrees in terms of the half-value intensity. This transmission light distribution angle is a value measured with a variable angle photometer GC5000L manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.
  • the bead diffusing material 364 when the bead diffusing material 364 is applied on the plastic base 363, the bead diffusing material 364 is fixed with a predetermined binder.
  • the thickness of the diffusion layer when the thickness of the diffusion layer is about 50 micrometers or more, there is no need to reinforce with the plastic base shown in FIG. 33A, and when the thickness of the diffusion layer is about 50 micrometers or more, FIG. As shown in b), the thickness of the diffusion layer can be changed by including the bead diffusion material 364 in the acrylic base material 365.
  • the head-up display 10 presents a real image formed on the transmission-type intermediate image screen 361 as a virtual image to the driver user via the combiner 400.
  • the head-up display 10 according to the embodiment assumes that the user observes an image having a size of about 10 inches in front of about 1.7 to 2 meters through the combiner 400.
  • the resolution that can be recognized when a user whose visual acuity is 2.0 visually recognizes the presented virtual image is about 40 to 50 micrometers on the transmissive intermediate image screen 361.
  • a user whose visual acuity is 2.0 is considered to have sufficient visual acuity, and most users are considered to have a visual acuity of less than 2.0. Therefore, if the resolution of the real image formed on the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 under the above conditions is about 50 micrometers or more, it can be said that an image with sufficient resolution for the user can be provided.
  • the head-up display 10 is designed so that the viewing angle of the visible space of the virtual image presented by the combiner 400 is at least about ⁇ 10 degrees. For this reason, as described above, the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 having a transmissive light distribution angle of ⁇ 7.5 to 10 degrees in terms of a half-value angle is employed.
  • FIG. 34 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the thickness T of the diffusion layer, the half-value A half-angle A of the transmitted light distribution angle, and the resolution R of the image formed on the transmissive intermediate image screen 361.
  • FIG. 34 shows that the light incident on the point U on one surface 366 of the diffusion layer is diffused at the light intensity half-value A at the luminous intensity half-value A in the diffusion layer.
  • the light incident on one point U on one surface 366 of the diffusion layer is diffused, and the light intensity distribution as shown in FIG. It spreads between. Assuming that the distance from the point V to the point W is R, the light incident on one point on one surface 366 of the diffusion layer spreads in a circular shape having a diameter R up to a light intensity of 0.5.
  • the image display light overlaps less, so that the image on the surface 367 opposite to the incident surface of the diffusion layer can be expressed in detail.
  • the resolution on the surface 367 opposite to the incident surface of the diffusion layer is such that an image display light having a light intensity of 0.5 whose luminous intensity at the transmission light distribution angle is half value is adjacent to an image display having a light intensity of 0.5.
  • the inventor of the present application has found that the image display light having a light intensity of 0.5 can be approximated by the distance R from the point V overlapping the light to the point W overlapping the image display light having an adjacent light intensity of 0.5. .
  • the resolution R is proportional to the thickness T of the diffusion layer. Therefore, when the resolution R as the design target value and the half-value half-angle A of the transmitted light distribution angle are determined, the condition that the thickness T of the diffusion layer should satisfy can be expressed by the following equation (3). 0 ⁇ T ⁇ R / (2 ⁇ tan (A)) (3)
  • the condition 0 ⁇ T is a condition for the existence of the diffusion layer
  • the condition T ⁇ R / (2 ⁇ tan (A)) is a condition for ensuring the resolution R as the design target value.
  • the “target value” is a lower limit value of the resolution that the video on the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 should have in order to realize the resolution that the virtual image presented by the head-up display 10 according to the embodiment should secure. Since the “target value” is a lower limit value of the target resolution, it is rather preferable that a resolution higher than the “target value” is achieved.
  • the specific value of the target value may be determined in consideration of various parameters such as the distance between the virtual image assumed by the head-up display 10 and the user, the size of the virtual image to be presented, and the visual acuity of the user. As an example, it is about 40 to 50 micrometers as described above.
  • FIG. 35 shows the result of investigating the influence of the diffusion layer thickness T on the resolution of the real image formed on the surface of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 by changing the thickness T of the diffusion layer, and Expression (2). It is a figure which shows the calculated value of the resolution R using X in tabular form. As shown in FIG. 35, the resolution of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 decreases as the value of the diffusion layer thickness T increases. Further, it can be seen that the calculated value of the resolution R calculated using the equation (2) is a numerical value close to the resolution R of the real image of the transmission-type intermediate image screen 361 by experiment.
  • FIG. 36 shows the relationship between the thickness T of the diffusion layer and the resolution R of the real image formed on the transmissive intermediate image screen 361, and the relationship between the thickness T of the diffusion layer and the calculated value of the resolution R using Equation (2). It is a graph to show.
  • the resolution R of the real image formed on the surface of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 is about 50 micrometers, it is possible to provide an image with sufficient resolution to the user. .
  • the condition that the thickness T of the diffusion layer should satisfy is that T is 140 micrometers or less.
  • the head-up display 10 is used to present an image with a viewing angle of 10 degrees and a size of about 10 inches ahead of the 1.7 to 2 meters to the user via the combiner 400.
  • the thickness T of the diffusion layer in the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 is preferably set to 125 micrometers or less.
  • a user with a viewing angle of 2.0 or less has a viewing angle of 2.0 to 2 meters or more with a wide viewing angle and no hot spots.
  • FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the on-dashboard type head-up display 11 according to the embodiment.
  • the on-dashboard type head-up display 11 includes a main body 20 that accommodates a control board and an optical unit, a combiner 400, a reflective intermediate image screen 362, a heat radiation part 21 having vent holes 22 and 23, and a heat pipe cover 24.
  • a heat pipe 25 is accommodated in the heat pipe cover 24, and the heat pipe 25 sends heat generated in the main body 20 to the heat radiating unit 21.
  • the heat dissipating part 21 includes a heat sink 243 and a cooling fan 26, and releases heat generated by the on-dashboard type head-up display 11 to the outside.
  • FIG. 38 is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the installation position of the on-dashboard type head-up display 11 and the position of the virtual image 450 presented to the driver C.
  • the image light projected from the main body 20 of the on-dashboard type head-up display 11 installed on the dashboard is reflected while being formed on the reflective intermediate image screen 362 and projected onto the combiner 400.
  • the virtual image 450 exists further on the back side in the line-of-sight direction with respect to the combiner 400.
  • the internal configuration and operation of the on-dashboard type head-up display 11 are the same as those of the head-up display 10 described above. Therefore, the description overlapping with the head-up display 10 will be omitted or simplified as appropriate.
  • any variation is not suitable for a head-up display because the gain is low and dark, and the viewing angle is wide. Further, when specular reflection is performed by a mirror surface, there is a problem that the hot spot of the light source 231 is too dazzling for the user, and the luminance distribution is too large to make it difficult to see the image.
  • a diffusing layer or diffusing film with an optimal light distribution and transmission gain of a transmission type is laminated directly on a plate-like or sheet-like specular reflecting surface, and an image is projected on that surface.
  • Reflective screens are being developed.
  • the reflection-type intermediate image screen 362 for the head-up display is assumed to cause the real image formed on the screen to be reflected on the combiner 400 or the windshield, and to allow the driver user to observe the enlarged virtual image. Yes.
  • the screen size is small and high resolution is required as compared with a reflective screen for normal use.
  • FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section of the reflective intermediate image screen 362 according to the embodiment.
  • the reflective intermediate image screen 362 includes, in order from the light incident surface side, a bead diffusing material 364, a first film base 370, a first adhesive layer 371, a reflective film 372 on which a silver screen is deposited, a second film base 373, and a second film base 373.
  • An adhesive layer 374 and a reinforcing base plate 375 are laminated.
  • the light incident on the layer of the bead diffusing material 364 is diffused by the bead diffusing material 364 and reaches the reflective film 372, and is reflected by the reflective film 372 and reaches the bead diffusing material 364 again. Accordingly, in the reflective intermediate image screen 362, the combined layer thickness of the bead diffusing material 364 and the first film base 370 is considered to affect the resolution of the screen. Further, the second film base 373 and the reinforcing base plate 375 have a function of giving strength to the reflective intermediate image screen 362 and facilitating handling for the user.
  • the bead diffusion material 364 shown in FIG. 39 is a highly transparent bead for optical use, and its diameter is 10 micrometers or less.
  • the bead diffusion material 364 is applied to the surface of the first film base 370 with a thickness of 10 to 15 micrometers.
  • the reflected light distribution viewing angle when parallel light is incident on this is ⁇ 7.5 to 10 degrees in terms of half-value intensity.
  • This reflection light distribution angle is a value measured with a variable angle photometer GC5000L manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.
  • FIG. 40 shows the distance L from the incident surface side of the image display light to the reflection surface in the diffusion layer in the reflection type intermediate image screen, the half value A of the reflection light distribution angle, and the reflection type intermediate image screen 362. It is a figure which shows typically the relationship with the resolution
  • FIG. 40 shows that the light incident on the point U ′ on the surface 376 of the diffusing layer is diffused at the light intensity half-value A of the reflection light distribution angle. Light incident on a point U ′ on the surface 376 of the diffusion layer is diffused at that point, reflected at a point X on the reflection surface 377, and diffused again from the points V ′ and W ′ on the surface 376 of the diffusion layer. And exit.
  • the image on the surface 376 of the diffusion layer is a point V ′ where the image display light with a light intensity of 0.5 whose luminous intensity at the reflection light distribution angle is half is overlapped with the adjacent image display light with a light intensity of 0.5.
  • the inventor of the present application has similarly found that the image display light having the light intensity of 0.5 can be approximated by the distance R to the point W ′ where the adjacent image display light having the light intensity of 0.5 overlaps.
  • the resolution R is proportional to the distance L from the incident surface side of the image display light to the reflection surface in the diffusion layer. Therefore, when the resolution R as the design target value and the half value half angle A of the reflection light distribution angle are determined, the condition that the distance L from the incident surface side of the image display light to the reflection surface in the diffusion layer should satisfy is: It can be expressed by the following formula (5). 0 ⁇ L ⁇ R / (2 ⁇ tan (A)) (5)
  • the condition 0 ⁇ L is a condition for the existence of the diffusion layer
  • the condition L ⁇ R / (2 ⁇ tan (A)) is a condition for ensuring the resolution R as the design target value.
  • FIG. 41 shows a real image in which the distance L from the incident surface side of the image display light to the reflecting surface in the diffusion layer is varied, and the distance L to the reflecting surface forms an image on the reflective intermediate image screen 362 surface. It is a figure which shows the result of investigating the influence which it has on the resolution (resolution) and the calculated value of the resolution R using Formula (4) in a table format. As shown in FIG. 41, the resolution of the reflective intermediate image screen 362 decreases as the value of the distance L to the reflecting surface increases. Further, it can be seen that the calculated value of the resolution R calculated by using the equation (4) is a numerical value close to the resolution R of the real image of the reflection type intermediate image screen 362 by the experiment.
  • FIG. 42 shows the distance L from the incident surface side of the image display light to the reflection surface in the diffusion layer, the resolution R of the real image formed on the reflective intermediate image screen 362 surface, and the distance L to the reflection surface. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the calculated value of the resolution R using Formula (4).
  • the resolution R of the real image formed on the surface of the reflective intermediate image screen 362 is about 50 micrometers, the image has sufficient resolution for the user. Can provide. As shown in FIG.
  • the resolution R of the real image formed on the surface of the reflective intermediate image screen 362 is 50 micrometers or less, the distance from the incident surface side of the image display light to the reflective surface in the diffusion layer.
  • the condition that L should satisfy was found to be 140 micrometers or less.
  • the resolution R of the real image formed by the laser beam is 50 micrometers or more.
  • the viewing angle is about ⁇ 10 degrees with a size of about 10 inches ahead of the user about 1.7 to 2 meters via the combiner 400.
  • the distance L from the incident surface side of the image display light to the reflection surface in the diffusion layer in the reflective intermediate image screen 362 is 110 micrometers or less.
  • the intermediate image screen 360 has a thickness of about 20 micrometers to 200 micrometers regardless of the type of “transmission type” or “reflection type”. For this reason, since the intermediate image screen alone may have poor rigidity, it is preferable to hold the intermediate image screen 360 by using some kind of holding member during handling such as installation or replacement. Furthermore, even when the intermediate image screen 360 having sufficient rigidity is used, it is preferable to install some kind of protective member in order to prevent the intermediate image screen 360 from being stained or damaged.
  • holding and protection of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 according to the embodiment will be described.
  • FIG. 43 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the three-layer unit 380 according to the embodiment.
  • the three-layer portion 380 includes a first plate 380a and a second plate 380b, and has a three-layer structure in which the transmission intermediate image screen 361 is sandwiched between the first plate 380a and the second plate 380b.
  • the first plate 380a is a front plate positioned on the surface on the incident side of the image display light with respect to the transmissive intermediate image screen 361, and functions as a protective plate for protecting the transmissive intermediate image screen 361.
  • the first plate 380a is a highly transparent plastic such as acrylic or polycarbonate, and has a dustproof, chemical-resistant, and scratch-preventing function added to the surface on which the image display light is incident.
  • the second plate 380b is a rear plate provided facing the first plate 380a with the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 interposed therebetween, and functions as a protective plate for protecting the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 in the same manner as the front plate. Similar to the first plate 380a, the second plate 380b is also a highly transparent plastic such as acrylic or polycarbonate. The second plate 380b sandwiches the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 together with the first plate 380a, suppresses warping and undulation of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361, keeps the shape flat, and reinforces the sandwiched position so as not to shift. .
  • the height is 19.0 mm
  • the width is 13.0 mm
  • the thickness is 1 mm. Since the first plate 380a and the second plate 380b are thicker than the transmissive intermediate image screen 361, they also function as reinforcing plates that reinforce the installation state of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361.
  • the three-layer portion 380 has a multilayer structure having at least the three-layer portion of the first plate 380a, the transmission-type intermediate image screen 361, and the second plate 380b. It is possible that the nipping position may be shifted only by the use of this alone. Therefore, it is preferable to fix this multilayer structure by some means.
  • a method of fixing the first plate 380a and the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 or the second plate 380b and the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 with an adhesive layer containing an adhesive or an adhesive interposed therebetween is also conceivable.
  • the three-layer portion 380 instead of forming the adhesive layer and fixing the three layers of the first plate 380a, the transmission-type intermediate image screen 361, and the second plate 380b, the three-layer portion 380 according to the embodiment fixes these three layers.
  • a means for holding is used.
  • FIG. 44 is a diagram schematically showing a screen holding unit 390 according to the embodiment.
  • the screen holding part 390 is provided with a storage space 392 for storing the three-layer part 380.
  • the storage space 392 is a space for fitting and holding the three-layer portion 380.
  • FIG. 44 shows, as an example of the storage space 392, a cut-through step created by cutting a part of the screen holding portion 390.
  • the storage space 392 is provided with an opening serving as an optical path for image display light.
  • the screen holding part 390 also includes a pressing member 394 for fixing the three-layer part 380 fitted in the storage space 392.
  • FIG. 44 shows a leaf spring-like retaining clip attached using screws 396 as an example of the retaining member 394.
  • the pressing member 394 is held on the screen holding portion 390 so that at least two portions of the three-layer portion 380 are pressed. Should just be provided.
  • the number of pressing members 394 is not limited to two, and for example, a total of four pressing members 394 may be provided, one at each of the four corners of the screen holding unit 390.
  • the pressing member 394 may be configured to be stored in the storage space 392 while holding the three-layer portion 380 as a frame-shaped pressing means that integrally presses the four sides of the three-layer portion 380.
  • FIG. 45 is a top view showing a state in which the screen holding unit 390 has installed the three-layer unit 380.
  • the holding member 394 is rotatable about a screw 396 as a rotation axis. Therefore, when the three-layer portion 380 is fitted into the storage space 392, the three-layer portion 380 is retracted from the storage space 392, and after the three-layer portion 380 is fitted into the storage space 392, the pressing member 394 is rotated until it comes into contact with the first plate 380a. Thus, the three-layer part 380 can be fixed to the storage space 392.
  • FIG. 46 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the screen holding unit 390 has installed the three-layer unit 380, and is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA shown in FIG. 45 in a state in which the three-layer unit 380 is installed. As shown in FIG. 46, the three-layer portion 380 fitted in the storage space 392 is pressed and fixed to the screen holding portion 390 by the elastic force of the pressing member 394.
  • the screen holding part 390 can fix the three-layer part 380 easily. Further, since the three layers of the first plate 380a, the transmissive intermediate image screen 361, and the second plate 380b are fixed without using the adhesive layer, the secular change can be reduced. Further, since the three layers of the first plate 380a, the transmissive intermediate image screen 361, and the second plate 380b are not bonded, the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 can be detached from the three-layer portion 380. As a result, for example, only the transmission type intermediate image screen 361 can be replaced. Therefore, the transmission type intermediate image screen 361 whose performance has deteriorated due to aging can be replaced. Furthermore, it is possible to install a transmission type intermediate image screen 361 having a viewing angle, that is, a transmission light distribution angle shown in FIG. 34 according to the preference of the user who is a driver.
  • FIG. 47 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the screen holding unit 390 is installed in the projection unit 300 according to the embodiment, and is a cross-sectional view of the projection unit 300 in a plane on which an axis indicating the upward direction and the forward direction in FIG. is there.
  • the projection unit 300 includes an installation groove 310 for fitting and fixing the screen holding unit 390. For this reason, the screen holding unit 390 is detachable from the projection port 301 side of the projection unit 300. As described above, since the projection unit 300 is detachable from the optical unit main body 210, even when the head-up display 10 is installed on the room mirror 600, only the projection unit 300 is removed and the screen holding unit 390 is removed. Can be desorbed.
  • the head-up display 10 As described above, according to the head-up display 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to provide a technique that facilitates replacement of the screen in the head-up display. Further, since the adhesive layer is not used for fixing the transmissive intermediate image screen 361, optical performance is not deteriorated due to yellowing of the adhesive layer.
  • the diffusing layers of the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 and the reflective intermediate image screen 362 have a haze value (cloudiness value) of 84 to 90% when parallel light is incident.
  • a haze value (cloudiness value) of the diffusion layer or surface property of the diffusion sheet is in the range of 84 to 90%, it is not bead diffusion, irregular-type diffusion, bubble-type diffusion, lens-type diffusion, and relief hologram. Any kind of pattern diffusion may be used.
  • the diffusing material particle size, lens pitch, concavo-convex shape pitch, pattern pitch, and bubble diameter which are the smallest units having a diffusion function for forming the diffusion layer of the intermediate image screen, can be easily estimated by the intermediate image screen.
  • the resolution of the real image to be formed must be smaller than the target value R.
  • a mirror aluminum film sheet may be used instead of the mirror silver film sheet for the reflection surface of the reflective intermediate image screen 362.
  • FIG. 48 is a diagram schematically illustrating another example of the three-layer portion 380 according to the embodiment.
  • the first plate 380a and the second plate 380b are connected by a small hinge 382.
  • the first plate 380a and the second plate 380b are rotatable by the hinge 382.
  • the first plate 380a and the second plate 380b are small with a height of 19.0 mm, a width of 13.0 mm, and a thickness of about 1 mm.
  • movement such as replacement
  • the three sides of the first plate 380a correspond to the three sides of the first plate 380a among the sides of the second plate 380b.
  • the three sides may be connected, and the other side may be open so that the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 can be taken in and out.
  • two sides of the first plate 380a and two sides corresponding to the two sides of the first plate 380a among the sides of the second plate 380b are connected. The remaining two sides may be open so that the transmissive intermediate image screen 361 can be taken in and out, so-called a clear folder shape.
  • the screen holding unit 390 only needs to be able to fix the three-layer unit 380 with a physical force, and it is not essential to include the storage space 392.
  • the screen holding unit 390 uses two transparent or rectangular members having openings so that image display light can be transmitted, and connects the two sides adjacent to each other and allows the remaining two sides to be opened and closed. It is good also as a folder-like shape.
  • the three-layer part 380 can be attached and detached by sliding on the screen holding part 390.
  • the first plate 380a and the second plate 380b are integrally formed on each of the two rectangular members described above, so that the screen holding portion 390 and the first plate 380a and the second plate 380b are integrally formed. It may be formed.
  • the screen holding unit 390 is fixed by being fitted into the installation groove 310 in the projection unit 300
  • any means may be used as long as the screen holding unit 390 is fixed to the projection unit 300.
  • the method of fixing is not limited to the case of fitting in the installation groove 310.
  • the screen holding unit 390 and the projection unit 300 may be fixed using magnetic force. This can be realized by arranging magnets at the screen holding unit 390 and the installation position of the projection unit 300.
  • the description has been given as the vehicle display device disposed in the vehicle, but the image display device may be used for other purposes.
  • a virtual surface may be presented to the user by using a lens surface such as glasses worn by the user as a combiner and projecting image display light onto the combiner.
  • the present invention it is possible to provide a small-sized image display device capable of reducing image distortion due to aberration even when there is a restriction on the position and space where the device is attached.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Instrument Panels (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)
PCT/JP2013/004293 2012-07-20 2013-07-11 画像表示装置 WO2014013702A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13820232.0A EP2876483B1 (en) 2012-07-20 2013-07-11 Image display apparatus
CN201380012053.9A CN104145207B (zh) 2012-07-20 2013-07-11 图像显示装置
US14/476,712 US9462214B2 (en) 2012-07-20 2014-09-03 Image display device

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

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JP2012161979A JP6019869B2 (ja) 2012-07-20 2012-07-20 画像表示装置
JP2012-161979 2012-07-20
JP2012-161971 2012-07-20
JP2012161971A JP5910386B2 (ja) 2012-07-20 2012-07-20 画像表示装置
JP2012167315A JP6019889B2 (ja) 2012-07-27 2012-07-27 画像表示装置
JP2012167314A JP5910394B2 (ja) 2012-07-27 2012-07-27 画像表示装置
JP2012-167315 2012-07-27
JP2012-167314 2012-07-27

Related Child Applications (1)

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US14/476,712 Continuation US9462214B2 (en) 2012-07-20 2014-09-03 Image display device

Publications (1)

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WO2014013702A1 true WO2014013702A1 (ja) 2014-01-23

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US (1) US9462214B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2876483B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN104145207B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014013702A1 (zh)

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EP2876483A1 (en) 2015-05-27
CN104145207A (zh) 2014-11-12
CN104145207B (zh) 2016-03-23
EP2876483B1 (en) 2017-10-18
US9462214B2 (en) 2016-10-04
US20140368544A1 (en) 2014-12-18

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