WO2014007023A1 - 欠陥検出装置、欠陥検出方法、プログラム及び記憶媒体 - Google Patents
欠陥検出装置、欠陥検出方法、プログラム及び記憶媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014007023A1 WO2014007023A1 PCT/JP2013/065753 JP2013065753W WO2014007023A1 WO 2014007023 A1 WO2014007023 A1 WO 2014007023A1 JP 2013065753 W JP2013065753 W JP 2013065753W WO 2014007023 A1 WO2014007023 A1 WO 2014007023A1
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- flaw detection
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- steel pipe
- ultrasonic beam
- welded steel
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
- G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/267—Welds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a defect detection device and a defect detection method for detecting a defect present on a weld surface formed along a pipe axis direction of a welded steel pipe, a program for causing a computer to execute the defect detection method, and the program to be stored.
- the present invention relates to a computer-readable storage medium.
- a case where defect detection is performed on a small diameter electric resistance steel pipe having a pipe diameter of 5 inches or less and a pipe thickness of 7.5 mm or less will be described as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- another welded steel pipe such as an arc welded steel pipe may be the target of defect detection.
- FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B are schematic views showing an example of a general method for manufacturing an electric resistance welded steel pipe.
- a number of roll groups (not shown) are conveyed while continuously transporting a strip-shaped steel plate (strip steel) 201 in a direction 202.
- the butt end surface 203 is melted by induction heating by a high frequency coil 204 or direct current heating by a contact tip (not shown) and pressed by a squeeze roll 205 to weld the butt end surface 203.
- a squeeze roll 205 to weld the butt end surface 203.
- the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200 in which the welded portion 210 (welded surface) is formed along the pipe axis direction 220 is manufactured is manufactured.
- the welded surface is the end surface of the hot-rolled steel sheet formed into an open tubular shape, heated and melted, and the molten surface is discharged by applying pressure to complete the bonding.
- the welding surface may be referred to as a welding contact surface.
- the quality of the welded portion 210 is very important, and in the manufacturing process of the electric resistance welded pipe 200, on-line flaw detection is generally performed to determine whether or not there is a defect in the welded portion 210 by ultrasonic oblique angle flaw detection. It has been broken.
- the inner surface 200N of the steel pipe 200 is reflected once and irradiated to the welded portion 210 (welded surface), the reflected ultrasonic beam is received by the array probe 250, the received ultrasonic beam is analyzed, and the welded portion 210 ( It is detected whether or not there is a defect on the welding surface.
- Japanese Patent No. 4544240 discloses a so-called tandem flaw detection technique in which separate array probes are provided for ultrasonic beam transmission and reception.
- the ultrasonic beam is once reflected by the inner surface 200N of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200 and irradiated to the welded portion 210 (welded surface), the welded portion 210 is irradiated.
- the ultrasonic beam cannot be irradiated substantially perpendicularly to the (welded surface) and, as a result, a defect exists in the welded portion 210 (welded surface), the normality from the defect reaching the array probe 250 can be reduced.
- the reflected ultrasonic beam is weakened. Therefore, for example, there is a problem that it is difficult to detect a minute defect (about 0.2 mm) such as a penetrator.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and can detect minute defects, and improve the detection accuracy of defects even in a small-diameter welded steel pipe with a relatively small thickness.
- the purpose is to provide a mechanism to do this.
- a defect detection device for detecting a defect existing on a weld surface formed along a pipe axis direction of a welded steel pipe, which is installed outside the outer surface of the welded steel pipe. From a phased array probe in which a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are arranged, and a group of ultrasonic transducers for flaws including a part or all of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers, from the outer surface of the welded steel pipe The ultrasonic inspection beam incident on the welded steel pipe is directly incident on the welded surface substantially perpendicularly to the welded surface without being reflected by the inner surface of the welded steel pipe and converges on the welded surface.
- the reception means for receiving the reflected ultrasonic beam for flaw detection via the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection, and the flaw detection ultrasonic beam received by the reception means , Defects on the weld surface Defect detecting apparatus including a defect determining means for determining whether or not to, is provided.
- the defect detection apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the welded steel pipe is a small diameter electric resistance steel pipe having a pipe diameter of 5 inches or less and a pipe thickness of 7.5 mm or less. .
- water is present as a medium through which the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection propagates between the phased array probe and the outer surface of the welded steel pipe, and the transmission
- the means further transmits a water determination ultrasonic beam substantially perpendicular to the outer surface of the welded steel pipe from a water determination ultrasonic transducer group including a part or all of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers.
- the receiving means further receives the reflected ultrasonic beam for water determination via the ultrasonic transducer group for water determination, and based on the ultrasonic beam for water determination received by the receiving means,
- a defect detection apparatus according to the first or second aspect, further comprising water determining means for determining whether or not a space between the phased array probe and the outer surface of the welded steel pipe is filled with water.
- a defect detection apparatus according to a third aspect of transmitting the flaw detection ultrasonic beam from the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group is provided.
- the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection is provided between the phased array probe and the outer surface of the welded steel pipe so as to correspond to the phased array probe.
- a defect detection apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth aspects further including a focusing lens for focusing in the axial direction is provided.
- the region of the pipe thickness direction on the weld surface Setting means for setting the number N of divisions, and dividing means for dividing the plurality of ultrasonic transducers included in the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group into N groups according to the number N of divisions set by the setting means
- the transmitting means sequentially transmits the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection from each group divided by the dividing means so that the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection is sequentially incident on each divided area of the welding surface.
- the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection is provided between the phased array probe and the outer surface of the welded steel pipe so as to correspond to the phased array probe.
- a focusing lens for focusing in the axial direction wherein the focusing lens has a curvature radius of a curved surface along the tube axis direction that varies along an arrangement direction of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers;
- a defect detection apparatus is provided according to a sixth aspect in which the radius of curvature is increased in a direction in which a propagation distance of the flaw detection ultrasonic beam from a phased array probe to the weld surface increases.
- the number of sections in the tube thickness direction on the weld surface Setting means for setting N, and the transmitting means applies a part of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers so that the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection is sequentially incident on each divided area of the welding surface.
- the transmission means includes all of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers so that the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection sequentially enters each of the divided areas of the welding surface.
- the ultrasonic wave for flaw detection is transmitted by sequentially switching the transmission direction from the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection, and the welded steel pipe is transmitted from the ultrasonic transducer group for water determination including a part of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers.
- a defect detection apparatus according to the third or fourth aspect is provided that transmits the water-determining ultrasonic beam to the outer surface.
- the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection is provided between the phased array probe and the outer surface of the welded steel pipe so as to correspond to the phased array probe.
- a defect detection apparatus according to a ninth aspect, further comprising a focusing lens for focusing in the axial direction is provided.
- the setting means rounds up the value obtained by dividing the pipe thickness of the welded steel pipe by the effective beam diameter of the flaw detection ultrasonic beam on the weld surface to the first decimal place.
- a defect detection apparatus according to any one of the sixth to tenth aspects in which a value is set as the division number N is provided.
- the effective beam diameter is 0.5 or more when the maximum value of the displacement inside the welded steel pipe due to vibration of the flaw detection ultrasonic beam is 1.
- a phased array probe installed outside the outer surface of a welded steel pipe and arranged with a plurality of ultrasonic transducers, along the pipe axis direction of the welded steel pipe.
- a flaw detection ultrasonic beam incident on the welded steel pipe from the outer surface of the welded steel pipe is directly incident on the welded surface substantially perpendicularly without being reflected by the inner surface of the welded steel pipe and is focused on the welded surface.
- a defect detection method comprising: a defect determination step of determining whether a defect is present in the weld surface is provided.
- the defect detection method according to the thirteenth aspect wherein the welded steel pipe is a small diameter electric resistance steel pipe having a pipe diameter of 5 inches or less and a pipe thickness of 7.5 mm or less. .
- water is present as a medium through which the flaw detection ultrasonic beam propagates between the phased array probe and the outer surface of the welded steel pipe.
- a defect determination method according to the thirteenth or fourteenth aspect, further comprising: a water determination step of determining whether or not a space between the phased array probe and the outer surface of the welded steel pipe is filled with water. Provided.
- a sixteenth aspect of the present invention using a phased array probe that is installed outside the outer surface of a welded steel pipe and in which a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are arranged, along the pipe axis direction of the welded steel pipe.
- a computer-readable storage medium storing the program according to the sixteenth or seventeenth aspect.
- the present invention it is possible to detect a minute defect, and it is possible to improve the detection accuracy of a defect even with a small-diameter welded steel pipe having a relatively small thickness.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an analysis result by a simulation model in each flaw detection method of the flaw detection method of the present invention shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D and a flaw detection method of a comparative example.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a radius of curvature of the acoustic lens illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3 and an array length (array position) of a phased array probe according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process sequence of the defect detection method by the defect detection apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the 1st Embodiment of this invention and shows an example of the received waveform of the reflected ultrasonic beam for flaw detection.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a defect detection apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- This defect detection apparatus 100 is an apparatus for detecting defects included in a welded portion 210 (welded surface) formed along the pipe axis direction (220 in FIG. 18B) of an electric resistance welded steel pipe 200 which is a kind of welded steel pipe. It is. Further, FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the electric resistance welded pipe 200 shown in FIG. 18B (more specifically, the vicinity of the welded portion 210 in the cross section of the electric resistance welded pipe 200).
- the defect detection apparatus 100 includes an acoustic lens 110, a phased array probe 120, and a control processing apparatus 140, as shown in FIG.
- the control processing device 140 also includes an object condition input unit 141, a transmission / reception condition setting unit 142, a transmission / reception control unit 143, a transmission unit 144, a reception unit 145, a reception signal processing unit 146, and a defect determination unit 147. And a water determination unit 148 and a recording / display unit 149.
- the acoustic lens 110 is provided corresponding to the phased array probe 120 between the phased array probe 120 and the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- the acoustic lens 110 is a focusing lens for focusing the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 output from the phased array probe 120 in the tube axis direction.
- the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 is transmitted in order to detect a defect when a defect exists in the welded portion 210 of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- the phased array probe 120 is installed outside the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200, and is formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 121.
- the phased array probe 120 according to the present embodiment outputs a flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group that outputs a flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 and a coupling check ultrasonic beam (water determination ultrasonic beam) 132.
- the coupling check ultrasonic transducer group (water determination ultrasonic transducer group) is composed of mutually different ultrasonic transducers.
- the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group is configured by a part of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers among the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 121 arranged in the phased array probe 120,
- the ultrasonic transducer group for coupling check is a part of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 121 of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 121 arranged on the phased array probe 120, and the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection. It is comprised from the ultrasonic transducer
- the subject condition input unit 141 performs a process of inputting conditions (subject conditions) of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200 that is the subject.
- the subject condition input unit 141 performs a process of inputting the subject condition input by the user into the control processing device 140.
- the subject condition include the outer diameter and thickness of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200, the length in the pipe axis direction 220, and the pipe making speed.
- the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 performs processing for setting transmission / reception conditions based on the subject condition input by the subject condition input unit 141.
- the transmission / reception conditions for example, the transmission / reception timing of the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 and the coupling check ultrasonic beam 132, the transmission frequency of these ultrasonic beams, and the ultrasonic wave used for transmission / reception of these ultrasonic beams are used.
- Each channel of the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection so that the ultrasonic transducer 121 hereinafter referred to as “channel (ch)” as necessary
- channel (ch) as necessary
- the transmission / reception control unit 143 controls the transmission unit 144 and the reception unit 145 based on the transmission / reception conditions set by the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142.
- the transmission unit 144 transmits the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 from the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group of the phased array probe 120, and performs a coupling check of the phased array probe 120.
- a process for transmitting the coupling check ultrasonic beam 132 from the ultrasonic transducer group is performed.
- the transmitter 144 outputs the ultrasonic testing beam 131 at an oblique angle from the ultrasonic transducer group for testing of the phased array probe 120 toward the outer surface 200G of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200.
- the receiving unit 145 receives the reflected ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection through the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group based on the control by the transmission / reception control unit 143, and receives the reflected ultrasonic beam 132 for coupling check. A process of receiving via the coupling check ultrasonic transducer group is performed.
- the reception signal processing unit 146 processes the ultrasonic beam (reception signal) received by the reception unit 145.
- the defect determination unit 147 performs a process of determining whether or not there is a defect in the welded portion 210 of the ERW steel pipe 200 based on the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 received by the reception unit 145. Furthermore, the defect determination part 147 also performs the process which determines the position and magnitude
- the water determination unit 148 determines whether the phased array probe 120 (strictly speaking, the acoustic lens 110) and the outer surface 200 ⁇ / b> G of the ERW steel pipe 200. A process for determining whether the space is filled with water without air or the like is performed.
- the recording / display unit 149 performs processing for recording and displaying the result of processing by the reception signal processing unit 146 and the result of determination by the defect determination unit 147 and the water determination unit 148. Further, the recording / display unit 149 performs processing for recording and displaying various data and various information as necessary.
- the water determination unit 148 causes the phased array probe 120 (strictly speaking, the acoustic lens 110) and the ERW steel pipe 200 to When it is determined that the space between the outer surface 200 ⁇ / b> G and the outer surface 200 ⁇ / b> G is filled with water, processing for transmitting the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 from the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group of the phased array probe 120 is performed.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of transmission / reception of the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 shown in FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 only the ERW steel pipe 200 and the phased array probe 120 shown in FIG. 1 are illustrated.
- the group of ultrasonic transducers for flaw detection of the phased array probe 120 that outputs the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection is composed of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 121.
- the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 is transmitted from the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group, and the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 is about 70 with respect to the incident direction on the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200. It is refracted and directly irradiated to the welded portion 210 (welded surface) substantially perpendicularly without being reflected by the inner surface 200N of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- a flaw detection method using the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 will be referred to as a “70 ° flaw detection method”.
- a focused beam is incident on the welded portion 210 (welded surface) substantially perpendicularly for the purpose of improving the detection sensitivity of the defect 211 existing in the welded portion 210 (welded surface). .
- the focused beam is incident substantially perpendicularly to the welded portion 210 (welded surface), so that the reflected ultrasonic beam directly from the defect 211 is directly reflected in the regular reflection direction without causing loss of ultrasonic energy due to multiple reflection. This is because it can be received.
- the beam is favorably placed at a target position in the ERW steel tube 200 due to the influence of the curvature of the ERW steel tube 200.
- the phased array probe 120 is employed to favorably focus the beam on the targeted position in the ERW steel pipe 200 without being affected by the curvature of the ERW steel pipe 200. If the phased array probe 120 is adopted, a focused beam can be formed in consideration of the curvature of the ERW steel pipe 200 by selecting the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection and controlling the delay time of ultrasonic transmission by each ultrasonic transducer. Therefore, it is possible to realize higher defect detection performance than a single focusing probe.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the acoustic lens 110 shown in FIG. 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the acoustic lens 110 is provided corresponding to the phased array probe 120 between the phased array probe 120 and the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- the acoustic lens 110 focuses the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 output from the phased array probe 120 in the tube axis direction 220 of the ERW steel tube 200.
- the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 can be focused in the tube thickness direction of the ERW steel pipe 200 by the phased array probe 120. It is also possible to focus in the tube axis direction 220.
- the optimal phased array probe 120 was analyzed.
- the thickness of the ERW steel pipe 200 was 3.4 mm
- the outer diameter was 101.6 mm
- the defect size set at the center in the depth direction of the weld was 0.2 mm in height and 0.1 mm in width. .
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the phased array probe 120 shown in FIG. 1, showing the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the first embodiment of the present invention and is a diagram showing an example of the correlation between the aperture diameter of the phased array probe 120 shown in FIG. 4 and the SN ratio related to defect detection.
- the frequencies of ultrasonic waves to be transmitted are 5 MHz and 10 MHz, the width of each ultrasonic transducer 121 (element width e in FIG. 4), and the interval between adjacent ultrasonic transducers 121 (pitch p in FIG. 4).
- the ratio of signal to noise (SN ratio) in a 0.2 mm micro defect in the tube thickness direction was compared. The result is shown in FIG. At this time, the signal-to-noise ratio was defined as the ratio of the maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic wave from the defect and the noise as the amplitude of the ultrasonic wave immediately before the ultrasonic wave from the defect.
- the S / N ratio is 200 and the maximum. It became.
- the number of elements (number of channels) of the ultrasonic transducer 121 when the SN ratio is maximized is 16 elements (16 ch) since it can be expressed as opening diameter ⁇ pitch ⁇ number of elements as shown in FIG.
- the specification that maximizes the S / N ratio is adopted for the phased array probe 120.
- the flaw detection method of the present invention was compared with other flaw detection methods by simulation analysis.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200 used in the simulation, showing the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the pipe thickness is set to 3.4 mm, and three defects 211G, 211C, and 211N are provided in the welded portion 210.
- the outer surface vicinity defect 211G having a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm from the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200 and a thickness of about 0.
- a defect near the center 211 of 2 mm and an inner surface defect 211N having a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm from the inner surface 200N of the ERW steel pipe 200 were provided.
- FIG. 7A to 7D are schematic diagrams of simulation models in each flaw detection technique of the flaw detection technique of the present invention and the flaw detection technique of the comparative example.
- FIG. 7A shows a schematic diagram of a model of Comparative Example 1 using a single focus probe and a 70 ° flaw detection method
- FIG. 7B shows a 70 ° flaw detection using an array probe as an ultrasonic probe
- FIG. 7C shows a model schematic diagram of Comparative Example 2 according to the conventional oblique flaw detection method shown in FIG. 19, and
- FIG. 7D shows the model schematic diagram of the present invention according to the method.
- the model outline figure of the comparative example 3 by the tandem flaw detection method which the ultrasonic probe is an array probe and is shown in patent 4544240 gazette is shown.
- the specifications of the ultrasonic probes shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D are as follows.
- the single focusing probe shown in FIG. 7A has a frequency of 5 MHz, a transducer diameter of 13 mm, and a focal length of 51 mm.
- the array probe shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C was used with a frequency of 5 MHz, a pitch p of 0.5 mm, an element width e of 0.4 mm, and 16 elements (16 channels). That is, the correlation diagram shown in FIG. 5 was used under conditions where the SN ratio was maximum (200).
- each flaw detection method shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D is as follows.
- the water distance, the incident point of the ultrasonic wave, and the position of the welded portion 210 are fixed, and three defects (211G, 211C, 211N), the ultrasonic beam hits vertically.
- the ultrasonic beam does not hit the outer surface vicinity defect 211G and the inner surface vicinity defect 211N perpendicularly, since the pipe thickness of the ERW steel pipe 200 is as thin as 3.4 mm, it was approximated as substantially vertical.
- the focal point of the ultrasonic beam was set so as to be focused on the welded portion 210 in the calculation.
- the water distance, the ultrasonic incident point, and the position of the welded portion 210 are fixed to the same settings as in the 70 ° flaw detection method, and the defect near the outer surface 211G and the vicinity of the central portion are fixed.
- a single reflection method is adopted in which an ultrasonic beam is reflected once by the inner surface 200N and incident on the defect 211C. Further, the inner surface vicinity defect 211N is omitted because it has the same aim as the 70 ° flaw detection method.
- a model was created following the method described in Japanese Patent No. 4544240. Specifically, as shown in FIG.
- the refraction angle of the ultrasonic beam is 45 °
- the water distance is 22.6 mm (array probe central axis)
- the number of transmitting elements is 20 ch
- the number of receiving elements is 24 ch. Only analysis for defect 211C was performed.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an analysis result by a simulation model in each flaw detection method of the flaw detection method of the present invention shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D and a flaw detection method of a comparative example.
- FIG. 8 shows, from the left, the analysis result of the model of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 7A, the analysis result of the model of the present invention shown in FIG. 7B, the analysis result of the model of Comparative Example 2 shown in FIG.
- the analysis result of the model of the comparative example 3 shown to is shown. Further, in FIG.
- the reception waveform of the ultrasonic beam targeting the defect 211G near the outer surface is shown in the column “near the outer surface”, and the reception waveform of the ultrasonic beam targeting the defect 211C near the center is expressed as “near the center”.
- the received waveform of the ultrasonic beam targeting the inner surface vicinity defect 211N is shown in the" inner surface vicinity "column.
- S 1 represents the reflected ultrasonic waves from the outer surface 200G of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200
- F 1 represents the reflected ultrasound from respective defect. That is, if there is no defect in the welded portion 210 (welded surface), F 1 is not detected.
- the S / N (S / N ratio) is the magnitude of the maximum amplitude of the ultrasonic wave (F 1 ) from the defect and the noise is the magnitude of the ultrasonic amplitude immediately before the ultrasonic wave from the defect. As defined by these ratios.
- an effective beam diameter at the focal point of the ultrasonic beam was analyzed in order to determine the number of ultrasonic scans in the thickness direction of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing an analysis model of an effective beam diameter at the focal point of the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection and an analysis result thereof according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- no defect 211 is provided in the welded part 210 (welded surface) having a thickness of 3.4 mm, and a waveform acquisition point is set in the thickness direction of the welded part 210 (welded surface) as shown in FIG.
- the displacement distribution inside the ERW steel pipe 200 due to the vibration of the ultrasonic beam 131 was read, and the -6 dB width was obtained.
- FIG. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing an analysis model of an effective beam diameter at the focal point of the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection and an analysis result thereof according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- no defect 211 is provided in the welded part 210 (welded surface) having a thickness of 3.4 mm
- a waveform acquisition point is set in the thickness direction of the welded part 210 (welded surface) as
- the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection is aimed at the center in the thickness direction of the welded portion 210 (welded surface), and the specification of the phased array probe 120 has a frequency of 5 MHz and a pitch.
- p was 0.5 mm, and the number of elements was 16 elements (16 ch).
- the analysis result in this case is shown in FIG. 9B.
- the maximum value of the displacement inside the ERW steel pipe 200 due to the vibration of the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 is set to 1, and the displacement becomes -6 dB width (that is, the displacement is 0.5).
- an effective beam diameter defined as a range of 1.6 mm was obtained. From this result, for example, when the thickness of the ERW steel pipe 200 is 3.4 mm, it is necessary to scan the ultrasonic beam at least three times in the pipe thickness direction in order to perform accurate ultrasonic flaw detection. I understood.
- the pipe thickness of the welded steel pipe 200 (the thickness of the welded part 210) and the effective beam diameter of the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection in the welded part 210 (welded surface)
- N is an integer of 1 or more
- the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 rounds up the first and second decimal places for 2.125, which is a value obtained by dividing the pipe thickness of the welded steel pipe 200 by 3.4 mm by the effective beam diameter of 1.6 mm. , “3” is set as the division number N.
- the first to Nth regions in this example, the first to third regions
- the region in the pipe thickness direction in the welded portion 210 (welded surface) is equally divided into N and first to Nth regions (in this example, first to third regions) are defined.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of the phased array probe 120 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the phased array probe 120 in the first embodiment includes a coupling check ultrasonic transducer group 122 for transmitting a coupling check ultrasonic beam 132, and a welded portion 210 (welded surface) of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- a coupling check ultrasonic transducer group 122 for transmitting a coupling check ultrasonic beam 132, and a welded portion 210 (welded surface) of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- the (divided) flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group inner surface vicinity flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group 123, central portion flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group 124 and outer surface flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group 125. Composed.
- the number of elements of the ultrasonic transducer 121 in the coupling check ultrasonic transducer group 122 is four (4ch), and the ultrasonic transducers 121 in the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer groups 123 to 125 are used.
- the number of elements is 16 elements (16 ch), and the phased array probe 120 is composed of at least 52 elements (52 ch).
- the scanning order of the ultrasonic beam is as follows: coupling check ultrasonic beam 132, inner surface near-surface flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131N, central portion near-surface flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131C, and outer surface near-surface flaw detection.
- the order of the ultrasonic beam 131G for use is in this order, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the scanning order of the ultrasonic beam is the order of the ultrasonic beam 132 for coupling check, the ultrasonic beam 131G near the outer surface, the ultrasonic beam 131C near the center, and the ultrasonic beam 131N near the inner surface. It may be.
- each of the ultrasonic transducer groups for flaw detection divided (divided) into N (three in this example) groups in the phased array probe 120 is selected one by one and each ultrasonic wave is selected.
- the ultrasonic beam is scanned in the tube thickness direction of the welded portion 210 (welded surface), and the welded portion 210 (welded surface) is flawlessly detected.
- the coupling check superstructure is substantially perpendicular to the outer surface 200G of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200. The coupling check is performed by transmitting the acoustic beam 132 and detecting the reflected ultrasonic beam.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the coupling check according to the first embodiment of this invention.
- the medium for efficiently propagating the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 between the phased array probe 120 (strictly speaking, the acoustic lens 110) and the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200 As water is present.
- the space between the phased array probe 120 (acoustic lens 110) and the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200 is filled with water without air or the like, so that the ultrasonic wave 131 for flaw detection is normally transmitted and received. This is a process for confirming whether the environment can be used.
- an ultrasonic beam 132 for coupling check is transmitted / received via the ultrasonic transducer group 122 for coupling check.
- the four elements (4ch) at the right end of the phased array probe 120 are used as the coupling check ultrasonic transducer group 122.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a reception waveform of the reflected coupling check ultrasonic beam 132 according to the first embodiment of this invention.
- the inner surface echo ( Multiple echoes (B 2 , B 3 ,...) Between the outer surface 200G and the inner surface 200N are detected after B 1 ).
- the phased array probe 120 (strictly speaking, the acoustic lens 110) and the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200 Therefore, it is determined that the environment is not capable of normally transmitting / receiving the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection.
- the phased array probe 120 (strictly speaking, the acoustic lens 110) and the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200. Therefore, it is determined that the environment is such that the ultrasonic wave 131 for flaw detection can be normally transmitted and received.
- the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection in 70 ° flaw detection performed after the coupling check is performed.
- the transmission of 131 requires a certain amount of time after the transmission of the coupling check ultrasonic beam 132.
- the phased array probe 120 focuses the ultrasonic beam only in the thickness direction of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- the acoustic lens 110 is further attached to the phased array probe 120 in order to focus the ultrasonic beam also in the tube axis direction 220 of the electric resistance welded steel tube 200.
- FIG. 13 is a view for explaining the acoustic lens 110 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the relational expression of the acoustic lens 110 is as shown in the following expressions (1) to (2).
- R represents the radius of curvature of the acoustic lens 110
- f focal length in water
- C 1 is a longitudinal wave sonic speed of the acoustic lens 110
- f w is the water path length
- F S is the path in the steel pipe. Specific numerical values of each parameter are as shown in FIG.
- a longitudinal wave ultrasonic beam is transmitted from the phased array probe 120.
- the longitudinal ultrasonic beam transmitted from the phased array probe 120 is refracted by about 70 ° with respect to the incident direction on the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200 and propagates through the ERW steel pipe 200.
- a substantially transverse ultrasonic beam propagates.
- FIG. 14 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows the relationship between the radius of curvature of the acoustic lens 110 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 and the array length (array position) of the phased array probe 120. is there.
- FIG. 14 shows the conversion of the radius of curvature of the acoustic lens 110 at the point where the ultrasonic beam central axis corresponding to each depth of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) and the phased array probe 120 intersect with each ultrasonic beam path length. It is what I asked for.
- the pitch p of the phased array probe 120 is set to 0.5 mm so that the ultrasonic beam incident on the center of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) becomes the array center of the phased array probe 120.
- the phased array probe 120 of the present embodiment includes a coupling check ultrasonic transducer group 122 and an inner surface vicinity ultrasonic transducer group (third flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group).
- Ultrasonic transducer group (Nth ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection))
- ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection near the center (second ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection)
- An ultrasonic transducer group first flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group
- an array length (array position) of 18.5 mm to 10.0 mm is an ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection near the outer surface shown in FIG. 10 (first ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection). ) And an array length (array position) of 10.0 mm to 1.5 mm is included in the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection near the center (second ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection) 124 shown in FIG. Correspondingly, an array length (array position) of 1.5 mm to -7.0 mm is near the inner surface of the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection (third ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection (Nth flaw detection) shown in FIG.
- the acoustic lens 110 has a radius of curvature from an area corresponding to the outer surface flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group (first flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group) 125 to the inner surface flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group. (Third flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group (Nth flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group)) 123 increases in size.
- the curvature radius of the curved surface along the tube axis direction 220 changes along the arrangement direction of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers, and the welded portion 210 ( The radius of curvature increases in the direction in which the propagation distance of the flaw detection ultrasonic beam up to the weld surface increases.
- the acoustic lens 110 is designed in this way, so that a suitable ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection can be transmitted and received through each flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group.
- the defect detection apparatus 100 it is considered whether or not the defect inspection of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) can be performed without leakage in the tube axis direction 220 of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200.
- the beam focusing diameter in the tube axis direction is generally 1 mm due to focusing of the ultrasonic beam in the tube axis direction 220 by the acoustic lens 110.
- the flaw detection is performed by switching the flaw detection depth of the welded portion 210 (welded surface), as shown in FIG. 10, the ultrasonic wave 131 for the flaw detection is transmitted three times and the ultrasonic beam for the coupling check is used. It is assumed that the ultrasonic beam is transmitted and received a total of four times, that is, the number of times of transmission / reception 132 is one.
- a defect inspection apparatus using the phased array probe 120 in recent years has a maximum repetition frequency of several tens of kHz, the above-described inspection repetition frequency (about 2.7 kHz) can be sufficiently realized.
- Is employed in the defect detection apparatus 100 in the present embodiment it is possible to perform defect inspection without leakage in the tube axis direction 220 of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure of the defect detection method by the defect detection apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The description of the flowchart shown in FIG. 15 will be made using the configuration of the defect detection apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
- the subject condition input unit 141 performs a process of inputting conditions (subject conditions) of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200 that is the subject.
- the subject condition input unit 141 controls a subject condition (for example, the outer diameter and thickness of the electric resistance welded pipe 200, the length in the pipe axis direction 220, the pipe making speed, etc.) input by the user.
- the process of inputting into 140 is performed.
- the outer diameter of the ERW steel pipe 200 is 101.6 mm (FIG. 13)
- the pipe thickness of the ERW steel pipe 200 is 3.4 mm (FIGS. 9 and 13)
- the pipe making speed of the ERW steel pipe 200 is 40 m / min. Is entered.
- the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 performs processing for setting the transmission / reception conditions based on the subject condition input in step S1.
- the transmission / reception conditions for example, the transmission / reception timing of the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection and the ultrasonic beam 132 for coupling check, the transmission frequency of these ultrasonic beams, and the ultrasonic waves used for transmission / reception of these ultrasonic beams
- the delay time of the transmission timing of each channel of the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection is set so that the transducer 121 and the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 are converged at the welded portion 210 (welded surface).
- the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 is used for flaw detection on the pipe thickness of the welded steel pipe 200 (the thickness of the welded part 210 (welded surface)) and the welded part 210 (welded surface). Based on the effective beam diameter of the ultrasonic beam 131, the number N of divisions for dividing the tube thickness direction region of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) into N pieces (N is an integer of 1 or more) is set.
- the number N of divisions corresponds to the number of scans related to ultrasonic flaw detection in the direction of the tube thickness in the welded portion 210 (welded surface).
- the pipe thickness of the welded steel pipe 200 is 3.4 mm
- the effective beam diameter of the ultrasonic beam for flaw detection with respect to the welded portion 210 (welded surface) is 1.6 mm (FIG. 9B).
- “3” is set as the division number N.
- the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 sets the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection in the phased array probe 120 to the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection near the inner surface, as shown in FIG.
- the ultrasonic vibration group constituting the flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group is divided (divided) into three groups of the outer surface vicinity flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group (first flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group).
- a coupling check ultrasonic transducer group 122 configured by a plurality of ultrasonic transducers different from the child is set.
- step S3 the transmission unit 144 controls the ultrasonic transducer for coupling check of the phased array probe 120 based on the transmission / reception conditions set by the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 under the control of the transmission / reception control unit 143.
- the ultrasonic beam 132 for coupling check is transmitted from the group 122 substantially perpendicularly to the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200.
- step S ⁇ b> 4 the receiving unit 145 controls the reflected coupling check ultrasonic beam 132 for coupling check based on the transmission / reception conditions set by the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 under the control of the transmission / reception control unit 143. Received via the ultrasonic transducer group 122. Thereafter, the coupling check ultrasonic beam 132 received by the reception unit 145 is processed by the reception signal processing unit 146.
- step S5 the water determination unit 148 determines whether or not there is a problem with the coupling based on the coupling check ultrasonic beam 132 received in step S4. Specifically, the water determination unit 148 determines whether or not the space between the phased array probe 120 (strictly speaking, the acoustic lens 110) and the outer surface 200G of the ERW steel pipe 200 is filled with water without air or the like. By determining, it is determined whether or not the coupling is problematic.
- step S5 If it is determined in step S5 that there is a coupling problem in the coupling check (S5 / NO), the process proceeds to step S6.
- step S6 the recording / display unit 149 displays a warning indicating that there is a problem with the coupling.
- the user performs maintenance of the equipment, and after the maintenance of the equipment, the processing is performed from the beginning of the flowchart of FIG. 15 by the user's operation.
- step S5 if it is determined in the coupling check that there is no problem in coupling (in the case of S5 / YES), the process proceeds to step S7. If there is no problem in the coupling, the defect inspection process of the welded part 210 is started.
- step S7 the transmission unit 144 is controlled by the transmission / reception control unit 143 based on the transmission / reception conditions set by the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 from the ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection of the phased array probe 120.
- the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 is incident on the outer surface 200G of the sewn steel pipe 200 at an oblique angle.
- the transmitting unit 144 directly enters the welded ultrasonic wave beam 131 incident on the welded part 210 (welded surface) substantially perpendicularly without being reflected by the inner surface 200N of the welded steel pipe 200. And the ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection is transmitted so that it may converge on the welding part 210 (welding surface).
- step S8 the receiving unit 145 controls the reflected ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection based on the transmission / reception conditions set by the transmission / reception condition setting unit 142 under the control of the transmission / reception control unit 143. Receive via the ultrasonic transducer group. Thereafter, the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 received by the receiving unit 145 is processed by the received signal processing unit 146.
- step S9 the transmission / reception control unit 143 determines whether or not all defect inspections have been performed in the depth direction (tube thickness direction) of the welded part 210.
- the vicinity of the inner surface 200N of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) of the ERW steel pipe 200 that is, the third region (the first region) N region)
- the inner surface ultrasonic transducer group third ultrasonic ultrasonic beam for flaw detection (Nth ultrasonic beam for flaw detection)
- 131N for transmitting near the inner surface ultrasonic transducer group
- the vicinity of the center portion of the pipe thickness of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) of the ERW steel pipe 200 that is, the first flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group.
- the transducer group 125 is composed of different ultrasonic transducers.
- step S9 if not all defect inspection has been performed for each region in the depth direction of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) (in the case of S9 / NO), the region where defect inspection has not yet been performed.
- the process returns to step S7 to perform the defect inspection.
- step S9 when all the flaw detection is performed in the depth direction of the welded portion 210 (in the case of S9 / YES), the process proceeds to step S10.
- the tube axis direction beam focusing diameter is assumed to be 1 mm in general due to the focusing of the ultrasonic beam in the tube axis direction 220 by the acoustic lens 110.
- the length in the tube axis direction 220 is input in step S1. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in step S10, it is determined whether or not defect inspection has been performed for the entire region in the tube axis direction 220 of the ERW steel tube 200 based on these pieces of information.
- step S10 when defect inspection is not performed for the entire region in the tube axis direction 220 of the ERW steel pipe 200 (S10 / NO), the tube axis direction of the ERW steel pipe 200 that has not yet been subjected to defect inspection.
- the process returns to step S7 to perform the defect inspection of the area 220.
- step S10 when defect inspection is performed on the entire region of the electric resistance welded pipe 200 in the tube axis direction 220 (in the case of S10 / YES), the process proceeds to step S11.
- step S11 the defect determination unit 147 determines whether or not there is a defect in the welded portion 210 (welded surface) of the ERW steel pipe 200 based on the flaw detection ultrasonic beam 131 received in step S8. Processing to determine is performed. Furthermore, when the defect determination unit 147 determines that a defect exists in the welded part 210 (welded surface), the defect determination unit 147 also performs processing for specifying the position and size.
- the received signal processing unit 146 sets the positive maximum amplitude to A and the negative maximum amplitude to B with respect to the waveform of the received ultrasonic beam 131 for flaw detection. Each is detected as (B is a negative value), and AB is processed as a signal C at the waveform detection position.
- step S12 the recording / display unit 149 performs a process of displaying the defect determination result in step S11.
- the recording / display unit 149 creates a two-dimensional map of the signal C as the defect determination result, for example, with the x-axis direction as the position in the tube axis direction 220 and the y-axis direction as the depth position of the welded part 210. Display.
- the reflected ultrasonic wave F 1 from the defect 211 shown in FIG. 16A has a maximum positive amplitude A of about 3.2 and a negative maximum amplitude B of about ⁇ 3.6.
- the center part of the pipe thickness direction of the ERW steel pipe 200 divided into five sections is 6 ⁇ C.
- the defect detection apparatus 100 since the 70 ° flaw detection method using the phased array probe 120 is performed, it is possible to detect a minute defect of about 0.2 mm, and the tube Even in the case of a small diameter ERW steel pipe 200 having a thickness of 7.5 mm or less and a pipe diameter of 5 inches or less, improvement in defect detection accuracy can be realized (FIG. 8). (Second Embodiment) In the first embodiment described above, as shown in FIG.
- the near-surface flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group (third flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group (Nth flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group)) 123 and the pipe thickness of the welded portion 210 (welded surface) of the ERW steel pipe 200 Near the center (ie, the second region) of the ultrasonic transducer group near the center for transmitting the ultrasonic beam for near-center flaw detection (second ultrasonic beam for flaw detection) 131C (second region) Of ultrasonic transducers for flaw detection) 124 and welded portion 210 of ERW steel pipe 200 Ultrasonic transducer for flaw detection near the outer surface for transmitting an ultrasonic wave for flaw detection near the outer surface (first flaw detection ultrasonic beam) 131G near the outer surface 200G of the welding surface) (that is, the first region).
- One flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group is set in the phased array probe 120, and the ultrasonic flaw detection ultrasonic transducer group is used to set ultrasonic waves.
- the third region (Nth region), the second region, and the first region in the tube thickness direction in the welded portion 210 are respectively third.
- An ultrasonic beam 131N near the inner surface which is an ultrasonic beam for flaw detection (Nth ultrasonic beam for flaw detection), an ultrasonic beam 131C for flaw detection near the center which is a second ultrasonic beam for flaw detection, and A mode in which the outer surface near-surface detection ultrasonic beam 131G, which is the first ultrasonic inspection beam, is sequentially transmitted is also applicable.
- Each ultrasonic beam 131G is received.
- 16 ultrasonic transducers 121 (16ch) are provided in the phased array probe 120, and all of the 16 ultrasonic transducers 121 are used as an ultrasonic transducer group for flaw detection. All or a part (for example, 4ch) of the 16 ultrasonic transducers 121 are set as a coupling check ultrasonic transducer group 122.
- the ultrasonic wave 132 for coupling check is transmitted from the phased array probe 120 to the outer surface 200G of the electric resistance welded steel pipe 200 by sequentially switching the transmission direction of the ultrasonic waves.
- An ultrasonic beam 131N near the inner surface that is an ultrasonic beam (Nth ultrasonic beam for flaw detection), an ultrasonic beam 131C near the center that is a second ultrasonic beam for flaw detection, and the first A configuration is adopted in which the outer surface vicinity ultrasonic detecting beam 131G which is an ultrasonic detecting beam is sequentially transmitted.
- the present invention can also be realized by executing the following processing. That is, software (program) that realizes the function of the control processing apparatus 140 according to the embodiment of the present invention described above is supplied to a system or apparatus via a network or various storage media, and a computer (or CPU or CPU) of the system or apparatus is supplied. MPU or the like) reads out and executes a program. This program and a computer-readable recording medium storing the program are included in the present invention.
Abstract
Description
(第1の実施形態)
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る欠陥検出装置100の概略構成の一例を示す図である。この欠陥検出装置100は、溶接鋼管の一種である電縫鋼管200の管軸方向(図18Bの220)に沿って形成された溶接部210(溶接面)に含まれる欠陥を検出するための装置である。また、図1には、図18Bに示した電縫鋼管200の断面(より詳細には、電縫鋼管200の断面のうちの溶接部210付近)が示されている。
次に、2次元シミュレーション(有限要素法)による評価結果について説明する。以下の表1にシミュレーションの条件を示す。
次に、音響レンズ110の設計について説明する。
f=fW+(C3/C2)fS ・・・(2)
ここで、Rは音響レンズ110の曲率半径、fは水中焦点距離、C1は音響レンズ110の縦波音速、C2は水中縦波音速、C3は鋼管内横波音速、fwは水中路程、fSは鋼管内路程である。各パラメータの具体的な数値は、図13に示す通りである。
次に、本実施形態に係る欠陥検出装置100において、電縫鋼管200の管軸方向220について、洩れなく溶接部210(溶接面)の欠陥探傷が可能であるかの考察を行う。
次に、本実施形態に係る欠陥検出装置100による欠陥検出方法の処理手順について説明する。
(第2の実施形態)
上述した第1の実施形態では、図10に示すように、フェイズドアレイ探触子120の探傷用超音波振動子群として、電縫鋼管200の溶接部210(溶接面)の内表面200N付近(即ち、第3の領域(第Nの領域))に内表面付近探傷用超音波ビーム(第3の探傷用超音波ビーム(第Nの探傷用超音波ビーム))131Nを送信するための内表面付近探傷用超音波振動子群(第3の探傷用超音波振動子群(第Nの探傷用超音波振動子群))123と、電縫鋼管200の溶接部210(溶接面)の管厚みの中央部付近(即ち、第2の領域)に中央部付近探傷用超音波ビーム(第2の探傷用超音波ビーム)131Cを送信するための中央部付近探傷用超音波振動子群(第2の探傷用超音波振動子群)124と、電縫鋼管200の溶接部210(溶接面)の外表面200G付近(即ち、第1の領域)に外表面付近探傷用超音波ビーム(第1の探傷用超音波ビーム)131Gを送信するための外表面付近探傷用超音波振動子群(第1の探傷用超音波振動子群)125とが、互いに異なる超音波振動子によって構成される場合を例示した。本発明においては、この形態に限定されるものではなく、フェイズドアレイ探触子120に1つの探傷用超音波振動子群を設定して、当該1つの探傷用超音波振動子群において超音波の送信方向を順次切り換えることにより、溶接部210における管厚みの方向の前記第3の領域(第Nの領域)、前記第2の領域、及び、前記第1の領域に対して、それぞれ、第3の探傷用超音波ビーム(第Nの探傷用超音波ビーム)である内表面付近探傷用超音波ビーム131N、第2の探傷用超音波ビームである中央部付近探傷用超音波ビーム131C、及び、第1の探傷用超音波ビームである外表面付近探傷用超音波ビーム131Gを順次送信する形態も適用可能である。この場合、当該1つの探傷用超音波振動子群を介して、反射した内表面付近探傷用超音波ビーム131N、反射した中央部付近探傷用超音波ビーム131C、及び、反射した外表面付近探傷用超音波ビーム131Gをそれぞれ受信することになる。
(第3の実施形態)
上述した第1及び第2の実施形態では、探傷用超音波振動子群とカップリングチェック用超音波振動子群122とを互いに異なる超音波振動子で構成するものであった。本発明においては、この形態に限定されるものではなく、フェイズドアレイ探触子120に配列された複数の超音波振動子121のうちの全部の複数の超音波振動子によって探傷用超音波振動子群を構成し、当該探傷用超音波振動子群の中にカップリングチェック用超音波振動子群122を含む構成とした形態も適用可能である。
(その他の実施形態)
また、本発明は、以下の処理を実行することによっても実現される。即ち、上述した本発明の実施形態の制御処理装置140の機能を実現するソフトウェア(プログラム)を、ネットワーク又は各種記憶媒体を介してシステム或いは装置に供給し、そのシステム或いは装置のコンピュータ(またはCPUやMPU等)がプログラムを読み出して実行する処理である。このプログラム及び当該プログラムを記憶したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体は、本発明に含まれる。
Claims (18)
- 溶接鋼管の管軸方向に沿って形成された溶接面に存在する欠陥を検出する欠陥検出装置であって、
前記溶接鋼管の外表面の外側に設置され、複数の超音波振動子が配列されたフェイズドアレイ探触子と、
前記複数の超音波振動子のうちの一部または全部を含む探傷用超音波振動子群から、前記溶接鋼管の外表面から前記溶接鋼管内に入射した探傷用超音波ビームが前記溶接鋼管の内表面で反射することなく前記溶接面に対して略垂直に直接入射し且つ前記溶接面に収束するように、前記探傷用超音波ビームを送信する送信手段と、
反射した前記探傷用超音波ビームを前記探傷用超音波振動子群を介して受信する受信手段と、
前記受信手段で受信した前記探傷用超音波ビームに基づいて、前記溶接面に欠陥が存在するか否かを判定する欠陥判定手段と、
を含む欠陥検出装置。 - 前記溶接鋼管は、管径が5インチ以下、管厚みが7.5mm以下の小径の電縫鋼管である請求項1に記載の欠陥検出装置。
- 前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間には、前記探傷用超音波ビームが伝播する媒体として水が存在しており、
前記送信手段は、前記複数の超音波振動子のうちの一部または全部を含む水判定用超音波振動子群から前記溶接鋼管の外表面に対して略垂直に水判定用超音波ビームを更に送信し、
前記受信手段は、反射した前記水判定用超音波ビームを前記水判定用超音波振動子群を介して更に受信し、
前記受信手段で受信した前記水判定用超音波ビームに基づいて、前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間が水で満たされているか否かを判定する水判定手段を更に含む請求項1または2に記載の欠陥検出装置。 - 前記送信手段は、前記水判定手段で前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間が水で満たされていると判定された場合に、前記探傷用超音波振動子群から前記探傷用超音波ビームを送信する請求項3に記載の欠陥検出装置。
- 前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間に前記フェイズドアレイ探触子に対応して設けられ、前記探傷用超音波ビームを前記管軸方向に集束させるための集束レンズを更に含む請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の欠陥検出装置。
- 前記溶接鋼管の管厚みと、前記溶接面における前記探傷用超音波ビームの有効ビーム径とに基づいて、前記溶接面における前記管厚みの方向の領域の区分数Nを設定する設定手段と、
前記設定手段により設定された区分数Nに応じて前記探傷用超音波振動子群に含まれる複数の超音波振動子をN個の群に分割する分割手段と、を更に含み、
前記送信手段は、前記溶接面の区分された各領域に順次探傷用超音波ビームが入射するように、前記分割手段によって分割された各群から順次探傷用超音波ビームを送信する請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の欠陥検出装置。 - 前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間に前記フェイズドアレイ探触子に対応して設けられ、前記探傷用超音波ビームを前記管軸方向に集束させるための集束レンズを更に含み、
前記集束レンズは、前記管軸方向に沿った曲面の曲率半径が、前記複数の超音波振動子の配列方向に沿って変化しており、前記フェイズドアレイ探触子から前記溶接面に至るまでの前記探傷用超音波ビームの伝播距離が大きくなる方向に向けて前記曲率半径が大きくなっている請求項6に記載の欠陥検出装置。 - 前記溶接鋼管の管厚みと、前記溶接面における前記探傷用超音波ビームの有効ビーム径とに基づいて、前記溶接面における前記管厚みの方向の区分数Nを設定する設定手段を更に有し、
前記送信手段は、前記溶接面の区分された各領域に前記探傷用超音波ビームが順次入射するように、前記複数の超音波振動子の一部を含む単一の探傷用超音波振動子群から送信方向を順次切り替えて前記探傷用超音波ビームを送信する
請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の欠陥検出装置。 - 前記溶接鋼管の管厚みと、前記溶接面における前記探傷用超音波ビームの有効ビーム径とに基づいて、前記溶接面における前記管厚みの方向の区分数Nを設定する設定手段を更に有し、
前記送信手段は、前記溶接面の区分された各領域に前記探傷用超音波ビームが順次入射するように、前記複数の超音波振動子の全部を含む探傷用超音波振動子群から送信方向を順次切り替えて前記探傷用超音波ビームを送信するとともに、前記複数の超音波振動子の一部を含む水判定用超音波振動子群から、前記溶接鋼管の外表面に対して前記水判定用超音波ビームを送信する
請求項3または4に記載の欠陥検出装置。 - 前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間に前記フェイズドアレイ探触子に対応して設けられ、前記探傷用超音波ビームを前記管軸方向に集束させるための集束レンズを更に含む請求項9に記載の欠陥検出装置。
- 前記設定手段は、前記溶接鋼管の管厚みを前記溶接面における前記探傷用超音波ビームの有効ビーム径で割った値について小数第1位以下を切り上げた値を、前記区分数Nとして設定する請求項6乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の欠陥検出装置。
- 前記有効ビーム径は、前記探傷用超音波ビームの振動による前記溶接鋼管の内部の変位の最大値を1とした場合に、当該変位が0.5以上となる範囲に対応している請求項6乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の欠陥検出装置。
- 溶接鋼管の外表面の外側に設置され、複数の超音波振動子が配列されたフェイズドアレイ探触子を用いて、前記溶接鋼管の管軸方向に沿って形成された溶接面に存在する欠陥を検出する欠陥検出装置による欠陥検出方法であって、
前記複数の超音波振動子のうちの一部または全部を含む探傷用超音波振動子群から、前記溶接鋼管の外表面から前記溶接鋼管内に入射した探傷用超音波ビームが前記溶接鋼管の内表面で反射することなく前記溶接面に対して略垂直に直接入射し且つ前記溶接面に集束するように、前記探傷用超音波ビームを送信する第1の送信ステップと、
反射した前記探傷用超音波ビームを前記探傷用超音波振動子群を介して受信する第1の受信ステップと、
前記第1の受信ステップで受信した前記探傷用超音波ビームに基づいて、前記溶接面に欠陥が存在するか否かを判定する欠陥判定ステップと、
を含む欠陥検出方法。 - 前記溶接鋼管は、管径が5インチ以下、管厚みが7.5mm以下の小径の電縫鋼管である請求項13に記載の欠陥検出方法。
- 前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間には、前記探傷用超音波ビームが伝播する媒体として水が存在しており、
前記複数の超音波振動子のうちの一部または全部を含む水判定用超音波振動子群から前記溶接鋼管の外表面に対して略垂直に水判定用超音波ビームを送信する第2の送信ステップと、
反射した前記水判定用超音波ビームを前記水判定用超音波振動子群を介して受信する第2の受信ステップと、
前記第2の受信ステップで受信した前記水判定用超音波ビームに基づいて、前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間が水で満たされているか否かを判定する水判定ステップと、
を更に含む請求項13または14に記載の欠陥検出方法。 - 溶接鋼管の外表面の外側に設置され、複数の超音波振動子が配列されたフェイズドアレイ探触子を用いて、前記溶接鋼管の管軸方向に沿って形成された溶接面に存在する欠陥を検出する欠陥検出装置による欠陥検出方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムであって、
前記複数の超音波振動子のうちの一部または全部を含む探傷用超音波振動子群から、前記溶接鋼管の外表面から前記溶接鋼管内に入射した探傷用超音波ビームが前記溶接鋼管の内表面で反射することなく前記溶接面に対して略垂直に直接入射し且つ前記溶接面に集束するように、前記探傷用超音波ビームを送信する第1の送信ステップと、
反射した前記探傷用超音波ビームを前記探傷用超音波振動子群を介して受信する第1の受信ステップと、
前記第1の受信ステップで受信した前記探傷用超音波ビームに基づいて、前記溶接面に欠陥が存在するか否かを判定する欠陥判定ステップと、
をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。 - 前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間には、前記探傷用超音波ビームが伝播する媒体として水が存在しており、
前記複数の超音波振動子のうちの一部または全部を含む水判定用超音波振動子群から前記溶接鋼管の外表面に対して略垂直に水判定用超音波ビームを送信する第2の送信ステップと、
反射した前記水判定用超音波ビームを前記水判定用超音波振動子群を介して受信する第2の受信ステップと、
前記第2の受信ステップで受信した前記水判定用超音波ビームに基づいて、前記フェイズドアレイ探触子と前記溶接鋼管の外表面との間が水で満たされているか否かを判定する水判定ステップと、
を更にコンピュータに実行させる請求項16に記載のプログラム。 - 請求項16または17に記載のプログラムを記憶したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記憶媒体。
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