WO2013187325A1 - アジド化合物の製造方法及び1h-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法 - Google Patents
アジド化合物の製造方法及び1h-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013187325A1 WO2013187325A1 PCT/JP2013/065833 JP2013065833W WO2013187325A1 WO 2013187325 A1 WO2013187325 A1 WO 2013187325A1 JP 2013065833 W JP2013065833 W JP 2013065833W WO 2013187325 A1 WO2013187325 A1 WO 2013187325A1
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- general formula
- azide
- producing
- solution containing
- Prior art date
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- -1 azide compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 341
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-tetrazole Chemical class C=1N=NNN=1 KJUGUADJHNHALS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 47
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000005353 silylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 89
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 48
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical group N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 102
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 68
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 44
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- PBTHJVDBCFJQGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl azide Chemical compound CN=[N+]=[N-] PBTHJVDBCFJQGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 11
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tributyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VJGNLOIQCWLBJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 4
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen azide Chemical compound N=[N+]=[N-] JUINSXZKUKVTMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZRKSVHFXTRFQFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanomethane Chemical compound C[N+]#[C-] ZRKSVHFXTRFQFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000005493 welding type Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C(F)(F)F NRKYWOKHZRQRJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004201 2,4-dichlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(Cl)C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 2
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001255 4-fluorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1F 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004644 alkyl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005135 aryl sulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GJQBHOAJJGIPRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl cyanide Chemical compound N#CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJQBHOAJJGIPRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000006125 ethylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000232 haloalkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000717 hydrazino group Chemical group [H]N([*])N([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000006606 n-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003506 n-propoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 2
- SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001359 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl group Chemical group [H]N1N=NC([*])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001305 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]N1N=C([*])N=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004521 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl group Chemical group S1C(=NN=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004317 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=NC(*)=NC([H])=N1 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical group CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004973 1-butenyl group Chemical group C(=CCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004972 1-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006039 1-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006028 1-methyl-2-butenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006021 1-methyl-2-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006023 1-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000530 1-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000069 2-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002941 2-furyl group Chemical group O1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006040 2-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006029 2-methyl-2-butenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006022 2-methyl-2-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001494 2-propynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004105 2-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006479 2-pyridyl methyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(=N1)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004485 2-pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000389 2-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [H]N1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000175 2-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003762 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C(OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004975 3-butenyl group Chemical group C(CC=C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000474 3-butynyl group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003682 3-furyl group Chemical group O1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006041 3-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000242 4-chlorobenzoyl group Chemical group ClC1=CC=C(C(=O)*)C=C1 0.000 description 1
- 125000006042 4-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004172 4-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC([H])([H])[H])=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000590 4-methylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004863 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(OC(F)(F)F)=C([H])C([H])=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004199 4-trifluoromethylphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000006043 5-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000738 acetamido group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)N([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005136 alkenylsulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005137 alkenylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005108 alkenylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004466 alkoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004656 alkyl sulfonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006350 alkyl thio alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004691 alkyl thio carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005133 alkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005134 alkynylsulfinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005139 alkynylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005109 alkynylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005336 allyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005140 aralkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001691 aryl alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004659 aryl alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002102 aryl alkyloxo group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001769 aryl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004657 aryl sulfonyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005164 aryl thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azide group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003828 azulenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000043 benzamido group Chemical group [H]N([*])C(=O)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PASDCCFISLVPSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- UDYGXWPMSJPFDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(tributyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UDYGXWPMSJPFDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UUZYBYIOAZTMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 UUZYBYIOAZTMGC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000440 benzylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000051 benzyloxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005997 bromomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002668 chloroacetyl group Chemical group ClCC(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002603 chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])Cl 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001651 cyanato group Chemical group [*]OC#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004976 cyclobutylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006639 cyclohexyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004956 cyclohexylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004979 cyclopentylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004980 cyclopropylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004772 dichloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001664 diethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006627 ethoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005448 ethoxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005745 ethoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004705 ethylthio group Chemical group C(C)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005290 ethynyloxy group Chemical group C(#C)O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000005291 haloalkenyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004441 haloalkylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005292 haloalkynyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003106 haloaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004996 haloaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004970 halomethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005114 heteroarylalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005367 heteroarylalkylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005143 heteroarylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005419 heteroarylsulfonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005368 heteroarylthio group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002140 imidazol-4-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=NC([*])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000336 imidazol-5-yl group Chemical group [H]N1C([H])=NC([H])=C1[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003392 indanyl group Chemical group C1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001793 isothiazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=NS1 0.000 description 1
- 125000004500 isothiazol-4-yl group Chemical group S1N=CC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004501 isothiazol-5-yl group Chemical group S1N=CC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001810 isothiocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=S 0.000 description 1
- 125000004498 isoxazol-4-yl group Chemical group O1N=CC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004499 isoxazol-5-yl group Chemical group O1N=CC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007721 medicinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000006626 methoxycarbonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 VUQUOGPMUUJORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound COS(C)(=O)=O MBABOKRGFJTBAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000250 methylamino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012022 methylating agents Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001035 methylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006216 methylsulfinyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004092 methylthiomethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])SC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003541 multi-stage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004708 n-butylthio group Chemical group C(CCC)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001298 n-hexoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006124 n-propyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004706 n-propylthio group Chemical group C(CC)S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005184 naphthylamino group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)N* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005029 naphthylthio group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)S* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004287 oxazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])N=C(*)O1 0.000 description 1
- 125000003145 oxazol-4-yl group Chemical group O1C=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004304 oxazol-5-yl group Chemical group O1C=NC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004483 piperidin-3-yl group Chemical group N1CC(CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000177 propargylthio group Chemical group [H]C#CC([H])([H])S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004307 pyrazin-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])N=C(*)C([H])=N1 0.000 description 1
- 125000004289 pyrazol-3-yl group Chemical group [H]N1N=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004497 pyrazol-5-yl group Chemical group N1N=CC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002206 pyridazin-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)N=N1 0.000 description 1
- 125000004940 pyridazin-4-yl group Chemical group N1=NC=C(C=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004528 pyrimidin-5-yl group Chemical group N1=CN=CC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004192 tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])OC([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005329 tetralinyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C[N+](C)(C)C DDFYFBUWEBINLX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC BGQMOFGZRJUORO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FBEVECUEMUUFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrapropylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC FBEVECUEMUUFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000437 thiazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])N=C(*)S1 0.000 description 1
- 125000004495 thiazol-4-yl group Chemical group S1C=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004496 thiazol-5-yl group Chemical group S1C=NC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000858 thiocyanato group Chemical group *SC#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 244000045561 useful plants Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C247/00—Compounds containing azido groups
- C07C247/02—Compounds containing azido groups with azido groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton
- C07C247/04—Compounds containing azido groups with azido groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being saturated
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an azide compound and a method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for synthesizing an azide compound by using an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal azide having a low risk of explosiveness or the like as a raw material and reacting in a flow reactor. The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative from an azide compound.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a tetrazoyl oxime derivative having an excellent medicinal effect on useful plants, and it has been proposed to use it as a plant disease control agent.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a 1-alkyl-5-benzoyl-1H-tetrazole derivative represented by the following general formula (P) is converted to hydroxylamine.
- P general formula
- a ′ represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a methanesulfonyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, an aryl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group; n is any one of 0 to 5 Y ′ is an alkyl group which may have a substituent.
- the alkyl azide that is the raw material for the reaction is generally synthesized by alkylating sodium azide with an alkylating agent.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that methyl azide was synthesized by methylating sodium azide with a methylating agent.
- many alkyl azides are highly explosive and dangerous compounds such as methyl azide. Therefore, there is a demand for a method for producing alkyl azide more safely and efficiently using relatively safe sodium azide as a raw material.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a general formula (P ′) (general formula) is obtained by reacting an alkyl isocyanide such as methyl isocyanide with an acid halide such as benzoyl chloride and reacting the reactant with sodium azide.
- P ′ an alkyl isocyanide
- an acid halide such as benzoyl chloride
- a ′ and n are the same as those in the general formula (P)).
- it is necessary to isolate methyl isocyanide which is concerned about explosiveness and toxicity.
- methyl isocyanide is a very bad odor substance, it is very difficult to industrialize the method.
- Non-Patent Document 2 reports that tetrazole cyclization reaction was performed by reacting benzyl cyanide and sodium azide in a flow reactor to generate hydrogen azide little by little and reacting with immediate nitrile. Has been. However, the literature does not disclose a reaction using benzoyl cyanide or methyl azide as a raw material.
- the present invention relates to a method for efficiently and safely producing an azide compound in a flow reactor using a relatively safe alkali metal or alkaline earth metal azide as a raw material, and a 1H-tetrazole derivative from the obtained azide compound.
- the object is to provide a method of manufacturing.
- the present inventor obtained an azide compound using an azide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal as a raw material in an industrially safe and efficient manner by using a flow reactor as a reaction vessel.
- the inventors have found that it can be manufactured and have completed the present invention.
- the method for producing an azide compound and the method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative of the present invention are the following [1] to [19].
- An alkylating agent or a silylating agent and the following general formula (II) (in the general formula (II), M represents an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom, and m represents 1 or 2).
- the azide represented is reacted in a flow reactor, and the following general formula (I) (in general formula (I), Y represents an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a silyl group having a substituent, or a substituent.
- a method for producing an azide compound which comprises producing an azide compound represented by the following formula:
- the alkylating agent or silylating agent is represented by the following general formulas (III-A) to (III-E) (general formulas (III-A) to (III-E)): The method for producing an azide compound according to the above [1], which is the same as I), wherein X represents a halogen atom.
- the azide represented is reacted in a solution in the first reactor section in the flow reactor, and the following general formula (I) (in general formula (I), Y is an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, A silyl group having a group, or a silylalkyl group having a substituent.),
- An azide compound represented by the following formula (IV) (in the general formula (IV): Z is —CO—, —SO 2 —, or —CR a R b — (wherein R a and R b each independently have a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted group. Represents an aryl group.
- the alkylating agent or silylating agent is The method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative according to the above [8], which is the same as I), wherein X represents a halogen atom.
- a solution containing the alkylating agent or silylating agent and a solution containing the azide represented by (II) are separately introduced into the flow reactor, and both solutions are introduced into the first mixer.
- the solvent of the solution containing the azide represented by the general formula (II) contains water, and the solvent of the solution containing the alkylating agent or silylating agent is represented by the general formula (I).
- the solution containing the azide compound represented by the general formula (I) discharged from the first reactor section is separated into an aqueous layer and an organic solvent layer, and the organic solvent layer is recovered, The method for producing the 1H-tetrazole derivative of [11] or [12], wherein the solution containing the cyanide compound represented by the general formula (IV) is mixed in the second mixer section.
- the R 2 is represented by the following general formula (s1) (in the general formula (s1), A represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted group.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- A may be the same or different from each other.
- p when p is 1, it binds to R 1 , p is 0, and when r is 1, it binds to Z, and p and r are 0
- the 1H-tetrazole derivative according to any one of the above [8] to [15] is a group represented by the following formula:
- the method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative of the present invention comprises reacting the azide compound produced by the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention with a cyanide compound as it is without taking it out of the flow reactor. -Preparation of tetrazole derivatives. That is, in the method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative of the present invention, an azide of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal having a low risk of explosiveness or the like is used as a raw material to cause a stepwise reaction.
- the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention comprises reacting an alkylating agent or silylating agent with an azide represented by the following general formula (II) in a flow reactor, and represented by the following general formula (I).
- the azide compound is produced in a solution state. That is, the produced azide compound can be recovered as a solution by the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention.
- M represents an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom, and m represents 1 or 2.
- Y represents an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a silyl group having a substituent, or a silylalkyl group having a substituent.
- Some azide compounds such as methyl azide, have a boiling point lower than the reaction temperature between an azide and an alkylating agent. Therefore, usually, the gaseous azide compound is recovered from the reaction system by an operation such as distillation. As a result, since the azide compound is recovered as a liquid state having a very high concentration, the risk of explosion or the like increases.
- the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention since a flow reactor is used as a reaction vessel, the reaction can be performed under an appropriate pressure, and the synthesized azide compound is dissolved in a solvent. Can be recovered.
- Alkylating agent or silylating agent In the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention, the sodium ion of the azide represented by the general formula (II) is converted to an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a silyl group having a substituent by an alkylating agent or a silylating agent, or Substitution is performed on a silylalkyl group having a substituent. Thereby, the azide compound represented by the general formula (I) can be efficiently synthesized.
- the alkylating agent or silylating agent used in the present invention is an alkyl group, an arylalkyl group, a silyl group having a substituent, or a silyl group having a substituent.
- the compound is not particularly limited as long as it can be substituted with an alkyl group, and can be appropriately selected from known alkylating agents and silylating agents.
- alkylating agent or silylating agent used in the present invention is any one of the following general formulas (III-A) to (III-E):
- the compounds represented are preferred. These compounds can be synthesized from known compounds using known chemical reactions.
- Y represents an alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl group, a substituted silyl group, or a substituted silylalkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group.
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
- An unsubstituted or substituted arylalkyl group means a group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group is substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group.
- the alkyl group substituted with the aryl group may be a straight chain alkyl group, a branched chain alkyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group.
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and has 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the linear alkyl group is more preferable.
- the aryl group that serves as a substituent for the alkyl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the polycyclic aryl group as long as at least one ring is an aromatic ring, the remaining ring may be a saturated ring, an unsaturated ring, or an aromatic ring.
- the substituent is not particularly limited as long as it is chemically acceptable, and specifically, exemplified in the following (1) to (85) A substituent can be mentioned.
- Y in the general formulas (III-A) to (III-E) one hydrogen atom of the linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is unsubstituted or has 6 to 10 carbon atoms having a substituent.
- It is preferably a group substituted with an aryl group, more preferably a group in which one hydrogen atom of a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group. More preferably, the hydrogen atom is a group in which one hydrogen atom of a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is substituted with an unsubstituted phenyl group, and a benzyl group is even more preferable.
- a silyl group having a substituent is a group in which at least one hydrogen atom of the silyl group is substituted.
- the substituent is not particularly limited as long as it is chemically acceptable. Specific examples include the substituents exemplified in the following (1) to (85). When 2 or 3 hydrogen atoms are substituted, the substituents may be the same or different from each other.
- Y in general formulas (III-A) to (III-E) is preferably a silyl group in which 1 to 3 hydrogen atoms are substituted with the same or different alkyl groups, and the three hydrogen atoms are the same.
- a silyl group substituted by a different alkyl group more preferably a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, an ethyldimethylsilyl group, or a t-butyldimethylsilyl group, and a trimethylsilyl group. Even more preferred.
- a silylalkyl group having a substituent is a group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group is substituted with a silyl group having a substituent.
- the alkyl group substituted with the silyl group may be a linear alkyl group, a branched alkyl group, or a cyclic alkyl group.
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and has 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the linear alkyl group is more preferable.
- Examples of the silyl group that serves as a substituent for the alkyl group include the same silyl groups having the above substituent.
- Y in general formulas (III-A) to (III-E) is a group in which one hydrogen atom of a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is substituted with a silyl group having a substituent. It is more preferable that one hydrogen atom of a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is a group in which 1 to 3 hydrogen atoms are substituted with a silyl group substituted with the same or different alkyl groups.
- one hydrogen atom of the linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is a group substituted with a trimethylsilyl group, a triethylsilyl group, an ethyldimethylsilyl group, or a t-butyldimethylsilyl group. More preferably, it is a methyl group.
- Y represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a carbon number of 3 Is preferably a cyclic alkyl group having ⁇ 8 or an unsubstituted or substituted benzyl group, and Y is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, More preferred are cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and Y is more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the compounds represented by the general formulas (III-A) to (III-E) include those in which Y is a methyl group, that is, halomethyl, dimethyl sulfate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl mesylate, or methyl tosylate. Particularly preferred.
- the synthesis product is a lower alkyl azide having 6 or less carbon atoms, which is generally said to be explosive or toxic because of its low boiling point.
- the azide compound can be produced in a solution state safely and efficiently.
- Examples of the substituent Y-introducing agent used in the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention include a compound represented by the general formula (III-A) (halide) and a compound represented by the general formula (III-B) (sulfuric acid). Ester), compound represented by general formula (III-C) (carbonate ester), compound represented by general formula (III-D) (mesylate) or compound represented by general formula (III-E) (tosylate) The compound represented by the general formula (III-A) or the compound represented by the general formula (III-B) is preferable.
- M represents an alkali metal atom or an alkaline earth metal atom.
- the alkali metal atom include sodium, potassium, and lithium
- examples of the alkaline earth metal atom include magnesium and calcium.
- M sodium or potassium is preferable, and sodium is more preferable.
- m represents an integer of 1 or 2.
- M is an alkali metal atom
- m is 1, and when M is an alkaline earth metal atom, m is 2.
- a flow reactor In the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention, a flow reactor is used as a reaction vessel for the azide represented by the general formula (II) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “azide”) and a substituent Y introducing agent. Use. For this reason, even in a reaction in which a highly decomposable compound such as an azide compound is obtained, the reaction can be performed relatively safely in a low temperature environment. Furthermore, the synthesized azide compound can be recovered in a solution state by carrying out the reaction at a pressure of atmospheric pressure to 10 MPa.
- the flow reactor used in the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention includes a raw material introduction port, a product discharge port, and a flow path communicating these.
- the raw material is supplied from the raw material introduction port, and the product obtained by the reaction in the flow path is taken out from the product discharge port.
- the flow path may include an introduction path, and at least one of a mixer section and a reactor section (retention section) as necessary.
- the introduction path the part of the flow path that connects the raw material inlet and the mixer part
- the introduction path when there is no mixer part, the flow part that connects the raw material inlet and the reactor part is introduced. It is called a road.
- the raw material inlet is usually connected to a container filled with the raw material. You may connect the container for storing a product to a product discharge port as needed.
- the mixer part is a part having a function of mixing a plurality of liquids by diffusion, and the solutions supplied from the plurality of raw material inlets are joined at the mixer part.
- the reactor section is formed from a plurality of raw material compounds (in the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention, an azide and a substituent Y introducing agent). This is the site where the reaction to synthesize the azide compound represented by
- the mixer section is provided on the raw material inlet side.
- the mixer section may not be provided.
- the mixer section also serves as a reactor section, and it is not necessary to provide a separate reactor section. .
- the upstream side of the flow reactor has a structure branched according to the number of introduction paths, and further includes at least one mixer section.
- the structure may be such that the liquids supplied from all the introduction paths are merged in one mixer section, and are merged in stages by two or more mixer sections. Also good. For example, after the liquid supplied from the two introduction paths is merged in the first mixer section, the mixed liquid discharged from the mixer section and the liquid introduced from the remaining introduction path are merged in the second mixer section. be able to.
- a part of the raw material may be charged in advance in the flow reactor channel (for example, a mixer unit), and the remaining raw material may be supplied from one or a plurality of raw material introduction ports.
- a material of the said flow reactor According to requirements, such as heat resistance, pressure resistance, solvent resistance, and processability, it can select suitably.
- the material include stainless steel, titanium, copper, nickel, aluminum, silicon, fluororesin such as Teflon (registered trademark), PFA (perfluoroalkoxy resin), TFAA (trifluoroacetamide), PEEK (polyether). Ether ketone resin).
- the material may be substantially the same in all the flow paths, and may be different in each of the introduction path, the mixer section, and the reactor section.
- the cross-sectional shape of the flow path is not particularly limited, and may be a square, a rectangle including a rectangle, a polygon including a triangle, a pentagon, etc., a star shape, a semicircle, or a circle including an ellipse.
- the cross-sectional shape of the channel need not be constant.
- the “cross section of the flow path” means a cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the reaction solution or the like in the flow path, and the “cross sectional area” means the area of the cross section.
- the cross-sectional area and the channel length of the channel are not particularly limited, and are appropriately adjusted in consideration of the viscosity and flow rate of the reaction solution, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, and the like. If the cross-sectional area of the flow path is too small, the pressure loss increases, and it becomes difficult to supply the raw material and flow the reaction solution. On the other hand, if it is too large, the heat exchange efficiency is lowered, temperature distribution and the like occur, and the features of the flow reactor are reduced.
- the cross-sectional areas of the flow paths may be substantially the same in all the flow paths, and the cross-sectional areas may be different in each of the introduction path, the mixer section, and the reactor section. When the flow reactor has a plurality of introduction paths, the cross-sectional areas of the introduction paths may be different from each other or the same.
- the mixer section has a function of mixing a plurality of liquids by diffusion and a function of removing reaction heat.
- a liquid mixing system in a mixer part According to the objective, it can select suitably. For example, mixing by laminar flow and mixing by turbulent flow can be mentioned.
- the mixer section is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure capable of mixing a plurality of liquids, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- a cheese tube, a micro mixer, a branched tube, etc. are mentioned.
- As the shape of the mixer section when the number of introduction paths is two, for example, a T-shape or a Y-shape can be used. When the number of introduction paths is three, for example, a cross shape is used. Can be used.
- the cross-sectional area of the mixer section is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the mixing method and the like. Since both the function of mixing a plurality of liquids by diffusion and the function of removing reaction heat can be satisfactorily performed, the mixer section has an inner diameter of about 10 ⁇ m to about 5 cm when the cross-sectional shape is circular. It is preferable that Moreover, although the cross-sectional area of a mixer part may be the same as other parts, such as an introduction path, the one larger than an introduction path is preferable from the point of mixing efficiency.
- the flow path length of the mixer section is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the mixing method, the type and amount of liquid supplied from each introduction path, the presence or absence of a reactor section, and the like.
- the cross-sectional shape is circular
- the inner diameter is about 10 ⁇ m to about 5 cm
- the flow path length can be 10 cm to 50 m.
- the flow path length of the mixer section is preferably long enough for the liquids introduced from the plurality of introduction paths to be mixed by diffusion, but when a separate reactor section is provided, the flow path length is more It may be short.
- the flow path length of the mixer section is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the optimum reaction time. It is preferable to do.
- the reactor part is a part for adjusting the length of the flow path and precisely controlling the time required for performing the reaction (residence time control).
- the reaction time corresponds to the residence time in the flow path of the reaction solution in which all raw materials are mixed. Since the residence time is proportional to the channel length, the reaction time is adjusted by adjusting the channel length.
- the configuration of the cross-sectional area, inner diameter, outer diameter, flow path length, material, and the like of the flow path of the reactor section can be appropriately selected according to the desired reaction.
- the material of the reactor part is not particularly limited, and those exemplified as the material of the flow reactor can be suitably used.
- the mixer section, the introduction path, and the reactor section are each provided with connecting means for connecting to each other as necessary.
- the connection method in the connection means is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected from known tube connection methods according to the purpose.
- a screw type a union type, a butt welding type, a plug welding type
- Examples include a socket welding type, a flange type, a biting type, a flare type, and a mechanical type.
- the configuration other than the introduction path, the mixer unit, and the reactor unit is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- Examples of the configuration include a pump used for liquid feeding, a temperature adjusting means, a reaction promoting means, a sensor, a pressure adjusting valve, and a tank for storing the produced compound.
- the pump is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from those that can be used industrially. Especially, what does not produce a pulsation at the time of liquid feeding is preferable, for example, a plunger pump, a gear pump, a rotary pump, a diaphragm pump etc. are mentioned.
- the temperature adjusting means is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the reaction temperature.
- a thermostatic bath, a circulation circulator, a heat exchanger, etc. are mentioned.
- reaction conditions for sodium azide and substituent Y-introducing agent In the flow reactor, the reaction solvent of the reaction solution containing at least both the azide and the substituent Y introducing agent and in which the synthesis reaction of the azide compound occurs, both the azide and the substituent Y introducing agent are dissolved, and the reaction If it is inactive, it will not specifically limit.
- the solvent examples include water; hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and propiononitrile; ether solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; N Amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide; and mixed solvents thereof.
- hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene
- nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and propiononitrile
- ether solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran
- water or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent is preferable because the solubility of the azide is good, and water is represented by the general formula (I). More preferably, the azide compound is a mixed solvent with an organic solvent in which the azide compound can be dissolved.
- the azide compound represented by the general formula (I) is separated from the unreacted azide represented by the general formula (II) and recovered, the azide compound represented by the general formula (I) can be dissolved. It is preferable to use as the reaction solvent a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent capable of phase separation with water.
- the azide compound obtained by synthesis is mainly contained in the organic solvent layer, and byproducts such as unreacted azide and salt represented by the general formula (II) are mainly contained in the aqueous layer. It is. For this reason, the azide compound represented by the general formula (I) can be efficiently recovered by separating and recovering the organic solvent layer from the aqueous layer from the reaction solution after completion of the reaction.
- a hydrocarbon solvent is preferable, an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent is more preferable, toluene, benzene, or xylene is more preferable, Toluene is particularly preferred.
- the base include inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate; triethylamine, 4- (dimethylamino) pyridine, pyridine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0].
- An organic base such as undecene-7,1,5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] nonene-5; These bases can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are preferably used.
- the reaction solution may further contain a phase transfer catalyst.
- the phase transfer catalyst refers to a small amount of reagent used for reacting an organic compound insoluble in water and a reagent insoluble in an organic solvent.
- the phase transfer catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it is inert to the reaction between the azide and the substituent Y-introducing agent. From among known substances, the types and combinations of organic solvents used in the reaction solution can be selected. It can be appropriately selected and used in consideration.
- phase transfer catalyst examples include tetraalkylammonium chlorides such as tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC); tetramethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, Tetraalkylammonium bromides such as tetrabutylammonium bromide; benzyltrialkylammonium halides such as benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium bromide, benzyl-tri-n-butylammonium chloride (BTBAC), benzyl-tri-n-butylammonium bromide And quaternary ammonium salts such as In the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention, BTBAC is preferably
- the content ratio of the azide and the substituent Y introducing agent in the reaction solution containing at least both the azide and the substituent Y introducing agent in the flow reactor and in which the synthesis reaction of the azide compound takes place is such that the target reaction proceeds.
- the ratio is not particularly limited as long as the ratio is obtained, but the reaction solution preferably contains a sufficient amount of substituent Y-introducing agent relative to the azide.
- a reaction solution in which all raw materials including an azide and a substituent Y introduction agent are mixed in advance is prepared, and this is supplied to a flow reactor, and the reaction is performed in the reactor section of the flow reactor.
- the azide compound may be synthesized, and a solution containing an azide and a solution containing a substituent Y introduction agent are supplied from different raw material introduction ports, and combined in a mixer section to prepare a reaction solution. Also good. From the viewpoint of safety, a method in which the solution containing the azide and the solution containing the substituent Y introducing agent are separately introduced into the flow reactor is preferable.
- the solution containing the azide and the solution containing the substituent Y introducing agent supplied to the flow reactor independently may be a solution prepared with the same type of solvent, and prepared with different types of solvents. Also good.
- the solvent of the solution containing the azide is preferably water or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent that does not react with the azide, and more preferably water.
- the solvent of the solution containing the substituent Y introducing agent may be any of water, an organic solvent, and a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent, but an organic solvent that is inert to the reaction is preferable.
- the phase transfer solvent may be added to either an aqueous solution containing an azide or a solution containing a substituent Y introducing agent.
- a solution containing a base is previously stored in the mixer section, and an aqueous solution of azide and a solution obtained by diluting the substituent Y introducing agent with an organic solvent are supplied from separate raw material inlets, and combined in the mixer section A reaction solution may be prepared.
- the reaction temperature of the reaction solution in the flow reactor is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature that can sufficiently suppress the risk of the synthesized azide compound being decomposed. From the viewpoint of safety, a relatively low temperature is preferable. Therefore, in the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention, the reaction temperature is preferably 20 to 200 ° C, more preferably 35 to 80 ° C.
- an azide compound represented by the general formula (I) is obtained in a flow reactor.
- the azide compound obtained after the reaction may be washed with neutral to alkaline water.
- an azide compound represented by the general formula (I) is obtained in a flow reactor.
- the reaction can be carried out continuously without being recovered from the flow reactor. That is, the method for producing an azide compound according to the present invention and the subsequent reaction using the azide compound as a raw material have one flow reactor (as a whole, having at least one raw material inlet and a product outlet, A device coupled by a communicating flow path). Since the pressure can be easily adjusted in the flow reactor, even if the synthesized azide compound is a low-boiling compound, it can be used in the next reaction step in a solution state. By performing the reaction continuously in one flow reactor without taking out the synthesized azide compound, the reaction using the azide compound can be carried out more safely.
- the method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative of the present invention is a method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative by synthesizing an azide compound from an azide and a substituent Y-introducing agent in one flow reactor and further reacting with a cyanide compound. It is. Without taking out the azide compound, which is an intermediate product, the reaction is continuously carried out in one flow reactor in which the flow path communicates, so that the target 1H-tetrazole derivative is produced safely industrially. be able to.
- the substituent Y-introducing agent and the azide represented by the general formula (II) are mixed in a solution in the first reactor section in the flow reactor.
- the solution containing the azide compound and the solution containing the cyanide compound represented by the following general formula (IV) It is characterized by producing a compound represented by the following general formula (V) by mixing and reacting in the second mixer section.
- Z is —CO—, —SO 2 —, or —CR a R b — (wherein R a and R b are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or Represents an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group.), P represents 0 or 1, q represents 0 or 1, r represents 0 or 1, and R 1 represents a case where q is 0. Represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom, represents an alkylene group when q is 1, and R 2 represents an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, provided that when p is 0, q is 1. , R is 0, q is 1.)
- the steps until the synthesis of the azide compound are carried out in the same manner as in the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention.
- the following reaction is performed by joining the cyanide compound to the obtained azide compound.
- the azide group of the azide compound represented by the general formula (I) is added to the cyanide group of the cyanide compound represented by the general formula (IV) and cyclized.
- the target 1H-tetrazole derivative can be produced efficiently and in a short time.
- Z represents —CO—, —SO 2 —, or —CR a R b —
- p represents 0 or 1
- q represents 0 or 1
- r represents 0 or 1
- R 1 represents an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom when q is 0, an alkylene group when q is 1
- R 2 represents an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group.
- R a and R b each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group.
- Z is —CO— (carbonyl group), —SO 2 — (sulfonyl group), or —CR a R b —
- R a and R b are each independently Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group having an unsubstituted or substituted group, and r represents 0 or 1. However, when r is 0, q is always 1.
- R a or R b in Z is an alkyl group
- examples of the alkyl group include the same alkyl groups as those described above for Y in the general formula (I).
- the aryl group may be an unsubstituted or substituted group exemplified for Y in the general formula (I). The thing similar to the aryl group which has is mentioned.
- Z in the general formula (IV) is —CR a R b —, specifically, a methylene group (—CH 2 —) in which both R a and R b are hydrogen atoms, R a and R b A group in which either one is a hydrogen atom and the other is an alkyl group, one of R a and R b is a hydrogen atom, and the other is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, R a And R b are independently of each other an alkyl group or a group which is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group.
- Specific examples of Z in the general formula (IV) include the following divalent groups.
- Z in the general formula (IV) is preferably —CO— or —SO 2 — rather than —CR a R b —.
- cyanide derivatives in which the group adjacent to the cyano group is a carbonyl group tend to be less reactive than the cyanide derivatives in which the group adjacent to the cyano group is a sulfonyl group.
- the reaction since the reaction is carried out in a flow reactor, even when a cyanide derivative in which the group adjacent to the cyano group is a carbonyl group is used as a raw material, the reaction efficiency is sufficiently high.
- the 1H-tetrazole derivative can be produced in a shorter time.
- R 1 is an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.
- R 1 in the general formula (IV) is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms. .
- R 1 is an alkylene group.
- the alkylene group may be a linear alkylene group, a branched chain alkylene group, or a cyclic alkylene group.
- the alkylene group is preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a branched alkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkylene group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 in the general formula (IV) when q is 1 is preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms. It is more preferably a linear alkylene group of ⁇ 3, and a methylene group is more preferable.
- [— (R 1 ) p- (R 2 ) q] is a group having a high electron-withdrawing property from the viewpoint of increasing the reaction yield.
- p is 1 more than the compound in which p is 1 and q is 0.
- a compound in which q is 0 or 1 and q is 1 is preferable, and a compound in which p is 0 and q is 1 is more preferable.
- R 2 represents an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, and q represents 0 or 1. However, when p is 0, q is 1.
- the aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In the polycyclic aryl group, as long as at least one ring is an aromatic ring, the remaining ring may be a saturated ring, an unsaturated ring, or an aromatic ring.
- R 2 in the general formula (IV) is an aryl group having a substituent, the substituent is not particularly limited as long as it is chemically acceptable, and specifically, the following (1) to (1) to The substituent illustrated in (85) can be mentioned.
- R 2 in the general formula (IV) is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably a phenyl group. Specifically, R 2 is particularly preferably a group represented by the following general formula (s1).
- A represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- N represents an integer of 0 to 5.
- A's may be the same or different from each other, * is p in general formula (IV) When R is 1, it is bonded to R 1 , p is 0 and r is 1, it is bonded to Z, and when p and r are 0, it is bonded to the carbon atom of the cyanide group.
- n is an integer of 0 to 5, preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably 0.
- A's may be the same or different from each other.
- A represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, an alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aryl group, a cyano group, or a nitro group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- alkyl group examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, i-propyl group, n-butyl group, i-butyl group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, and n-hexyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the alkyl group is preferably 1-8.
- haloalkyl group examples include a fluoromethyl group, a chloromethyl group, a bromomethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a dichloromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a trichloromethyl group, a trifluoroethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, 3, 3, 3, 2 , 2-pentafluoropropyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-trifluoromethylethyl group and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the haloalkyl group is preferably 1-8.
- alkoxy group examples include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an i-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an i-butoxy group, an s-butoxy group, a t-butoxy group, and an n-hexyloxy group. .
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the alkoxy group is preferably 1-8.
- the haloalkoxy group include a 2-chloro-n-propoxy group, a 2,3-dichlorobutoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the haloalkoxy group is preferably 1-8.
- alkylsulfonyl group examples include a methylsulfonyl group, an ethylsulfonyl group, an n-propylsulfonyl group, an i-propylsulfonyl group, and a t-butylsulfonyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the alkylsulfonyl group is preferably 1-8.
- An aryl group means a monocyclic or polycyclic aryl group.
- the polycyclic aryl group as long as at least one ring is an aromatic ring, the remaining ring may be a saturated ring, an unsaturated ring, or an aromatic ring.
- aryl groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred.
- Specific examples of the unsubstituted aryl group include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indanyl group, and a tetralinyl group.
- the “substituent” in the aryl group having a substituent is not particularly limited as long as it is chemically acceptable. Specific examples include the substituents exemplified below.
- Halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- Cycloalkenyl groups such as 2-cyclopropenyl group, 2-cyclopentenyl group, 3-cyclohexenyl group, 4-cyclooctenyl group; (7) vinyloxy group, allyloxy group, 1-propenyloxy group, 2-butenyloxy group (8) ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group, 2-propynyl group, 1-butynyl group, 2-butynyl group, 3-butynyl group, 1-methyl-2-propynyl group, 2-methyl- 3-butynyl group, 1-pentynyl group, 2-pentynyl group, 3-pentynyl group, 4-pentynyl group, 1-methyl-2-butynyl group, 2-methyl-3-pentynyl group, 1-hexynyl group, 1, Alkynyl groups such as 1-dimethyl-2-butynyl group; (9) alkynyloxy groups such as ethynyl
- Aryloxy groups such as phenoxy group and 1-naphthoxy group
- Aralkyl groups such as benzyl group and phenethyl group
- Aralkyloxy groups such as benzyloxy group and phenethyloxy group
- Formyl group Acyl groups such as acetyl group, propionyl group, benzoyl group, cyclohexylcarbonyl group, phthaloyl group
- (22) haloalkenyloxy groups such as 2-chloro-1-propenyloxy group and 3-bromo-2-butenyloxy group; (23) haloalkynyl groups such as 3-chloro-propargyl group and 3-iodo-propargyl group; (24) haloalkynyloxy groups such as 3-chloro-propargyloxy group and 3-iodo-propargyloxy group; (25) haloaryl groups such as 4-chlorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group and 2,4-dichlorophenyl group; (26) Haloaryloxy groups such as 4-fluorophenoxy group and 4-chloro-1-naphthoxy group; (27) Halogen-substituted acyls such as chloroacetyl group, trifluoroacetyl group, trichloroacetyl group and 4-chlorobenzoyl group Group: (28) methoxymethyl group, ethoxy
- arylamino groups such as anilino group, naphthylamino group and anthranylamino group; (38) aralkylamino groups such as benzylamino group and phenethylamino group; (39) methylsulfonylamino group, ethylsulfonylamino An alkylsulfonylamino group such as a group, n-propylsulfonylamino group, i-propylsulfonylamino group, n-butylsulfonylamino group; (40) an arylsulfonylamino group such as a phenylsulfonylamino group;
- Heteroarylsulfonylamino groups such as pyrazinylsulfonylamino group
- Acylamino groups such as formylamino group, acetylamino group, propanoylamino group, butyrylamino group, i-propylcarbonylamino group, benzoylamino group, etc.
- alkoxycarbonylamino groups such as methoxycarbonylamino group and ethoxycarbonylamino group; (44) fluoromethylsulfonylamino group, chloromethylsulfonylamino group, bromomethylsulfonylamino group, difluoromethylsulfonylamino group, dichloromethylsulfonyl; Amino group, 1,1-difluoroethylsulfonylamino group, trifluoromethylsulfonylamino group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonylamino group, pentafluoroethylsulfonylamino group (45) bis (methylsulfonyl) amino group, bis (ethylsulfonyl) amino group, (ethylsulfonyl) (methylsulfonyl) amino group, bis (n-propylsulfonyl)
- Bis (fluoromethylsulfonyl) amino group bis (chloromethylsulfonyl) amino group, bis (bromomethylsulfonyl) amino group, bis (dichloromethylsulfonyl) amino group, bis (1,1-difluoroethylsulfonyl) amino
- a bis (haloalkylsulfonyl) amino group such as a group, bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amino group, bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethylsulfonyl) amino group, bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) amino group;
- An unsubstituted or substituted hydrazino group such as a hydrazino group, an N′-phenylhydrazino group, an N′-methoxycarbonylhydrazino group, an N′-acetylhydrazino group, an N′-methylhydrazino
- alkylthioalkyl groups such as methylthiomethyl group and 1-methylthioethyl group
- arylthioalkyl groups such as phenylthiomethyl group and 1-phenylthioethyl group
- Alkylthioalkoxy groups such as groups; (65) arylthioalkoxy groups such as phenylthiomethoxy groups and 1-phenylthioethoxy groups; (66) alkylsulfinyl groups such as methylsulfinyl groups, ethylsulfinyl groups and t-butylsulfinyl groups; (67) alkenylsulfinyl group such as allylsulfinyl group; (68) alkynylsulfinyl group such as propargylsulfinyl group; (69) arylsulfinyl group such as phenylsulfinyl group; (70) 2-pyridylsulfinyl group, 3-pyridyls group Heteroaryl arylsulfinyl group such Finiru group; (71) benzyl-sulfinyl group, phenethyl Rusuru Fin
- alkylsulfonyl groups such as methylsulfonyl group, ethylsulfonyl group, t-butylsulfonyl group; (74) alkenylsulfonyl groups such as allylsulfonyl group; (75) alkynylsulfonyl groups such as propargylsulfonyl group; (76) phenyl Arylsulfonyl groups such as sulfonyl groups; (77) heteroarylsulfonyl groups such as 2-pyridylsulfonyl groups and 3-pyridylsulfonyl groups; (78) aralkylsulfonyl groups such as benzylsulfonyl groups and phenethylsulfonyl groups; Heteroarylalkylsulfonyl groups such as a pyridylmethylsulfonyl group and a
- aryl group having a substituent examples include 4-fluorophenyl group, 4-chlorophenyl group, 2,4-dichlorophenyl group, 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, 3,5-dichlorophenyl group, and 2,6-difluorophenyl.
- n is any integer of 0 to 3
- A is preferably a halogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group
- n is any of 0 to 3
- a compound in which A is a halogen atom and n is 0 is more preferable.
- cyanide compound represented by the general formula (IV) r is 0 or 1
- p is 0 or 1
- R 1 is a linear alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a branched chain having 3 carbon atoms.
- a compound which is a chain alkylene group, q is 1, and R 2 is a group represented by the general formula (s1) is preferable, and compounds represented by the following general formulas (IV-1) to (IV-48) More preferred are compounds represented by the following general formulas (IV-1) to (IV-32), and the following general formulas (IV-1), (IV-9), (IV The compound represented by -17) or (IV-25) is more preferred, and the compound represented by the following general formula (IV-1) or (IV-9) is more preferred.
- R 1 ′ represents a linear alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a branched alkylene group having 3 carbon atoms
- X represents a halogen atom
- the cyanide compound represented by the general formula (IV) can be synthesized from a known compound using a known chemical reaction.
- Z is a carbonyl group
- p is 0, q is 1, r is 0 or 1
- R 2 is the general formula (s1 )
- reaction conditions for azide compound and cyanide compound Among the reactions in the flow reactor, the azide compound represented by the general formula (I) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “azide compound”) and the cyanide compound represented by the general formula (IV) (hereinafter simply referred to as “azide compound”) and the cyanide compound represented by the general formula (IV) (hereinafter simply referred to as “ The solvent of the reaction solution used for the reaction with the cyanide compound is) insoluble in both the cyanide compound and the azide compound and inert to the cycloaddition reaction of the azide compound to the cyanide group of the cyanide compound. As long as the boiling point is sufficiently higher than the reaction temperature, there is no particular limitation.
- the solvent examples include hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene and xylene; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile and propiononitrile; ether solvents such as diethyl ether, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran; N, N Amide solvents such as dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); sulfoxide solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide; water; and mixed solvents thereof. Moreover, what added acids, such as an acetic acid, to these organic solvents may be used.
- a hydrocarbon solvent or an amide solvent is preferably used, and toluene or NMP is more preferably used.
- the content ratio of the cyanide compound and the azide compound in the reaction solution when reacting the cyanide compound and the azide compound is not particularly limited as long as the target reaction can proceed.
- the reaction solution preferably contains a sufficient amount of the azide compound relative to the cyanide compound.
- the content of the azide compound is preferably 1.4 times the molar amount or more, more preferably 1.8 times the molar amount or more, further preferably 2 times the molar amount or more, more preferably 3 times the molar amount or more. More preferably, a molar amount of 4 times or more is particularly preferable.
- the reaction temperature for reacting the cyanide compound and the azide compound is not particularly limited as long as the temperature at which the azide compound is sufficiently decomposed can be suppressed.
- it is preferably performed at 150 to 250 ° C., more preferably 150 to 220 ° C.
- the flow reactor used in the method for producing a 1H-tetrazole derivative of the present invention is a reactor part (reactor part omitted) in which the synthesis reaction of the azide compound is performed among the flow reactors used in the method for producing an azide compound of the present invention.
- a first mixer section an introduction path for communicating the first mixer section and at least two raw material introduction ports, respectively, a first reactor section downstream of the first mixer section, A flow path for communicating the first reactor section and a second mixer section downstream thereof, an introduction path for communicating the second mixer section and at least one raw material introduction port, and the second A flow reactor having a flow path for communicating the mixer portion with the product discharge port
- a flow reactor in which the first mixer section is omitted can be used.
- the reaction is performed as follows. First, a solution containing an azide and a solution containing a substituent Y introduction agent are respectively supplied from different raw material introduction ports and joined at the first mixer unit, and then the obtained mixed solution is a first reactor. Introduced to the department. Both compounds react in the first reactor section (and possibly also in the first mixer section) to synthesize an azide compound. When the synthesis reaction proceeds sufficiently only in the first mixer unit, the first mixer unit also serves as the first reactor unit, and the first reactor unit is separated from the first mixer unit. It does not have to be provided.
- the solution containing the azide compound discharged from the first reactor unit (or the first mixer unit also serving as the first reactor unit) was introduced into the second mixer unit and supplied from another raw material introduction port.
- a 1H-tetrazole derivative is synthesized by combining with a solution containing a cyanide compound.
- the solution containing the 1H-tetrazole derivative discharged from the second mixer section (or the reactor section directly below it) is collected from the product discharge port.
- a liquid separation part for separating the aqueous layer and the organic solvent layer is provided between the first reactor part (or the first mixer part also serving as the first reactor part) and the second mixer part. Also good.
- the reaction solvent for the synthesis reaction of the azide compound is a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent
- the solution containing the synthesized azide compound is added to the aqueous layer and the organic solvent layer before being introduced into the second mixer unit. Separated, the organic solvent layer can be recovered and introduced into the second mixer section, where it can be combined with the solution containing the cyanide compound.
- Example 1 Sodium azide and dimethyl sulfate were reacted in a flow reactor to synthesize methyl azide.
- ⁇ was immersed in a 40 ° C. water bath and used as a flow reactor.
- glass syringes (syringe A and syringe B) are connected to the remaining two openings not connected to the SUS pipe, and these glass syringes are respectively connected to the syringe pump. I set it.
- the recovered reaction solution was separated into an aqueous layer and an organic solvent layer (toluene layer), and the amounts of methyl azide and sodium azide contained in each were analyzed by HPLC.
- Table 1 shows the yield (mol%) of methyl azide and sodium azide in each layer relative to the amount of sodium azide charged.
- methyl azide was contained in both the organic solvent layer and the aqueous layer, and methyl azide could be safely synthesized under a low temperature condition of 40 ° C. without requiring a special explosion-proof device.
- the total amount of unreacted sodium azide was contained in the aqueous layer, nearly 90% of the synthesized product, methyl azide, was transferred to the organic solvent layer.
- Example 2 Sodium azide and dimethyl sulfate were reacted in a flow reactor to synthesize methyl azide.
- ⁇ Was immersed in an 80 ° C. oil bath and used as a flow reactor.
- HPLC pumps A and B were connected to the remaining two openings not connected to the reactor part by SUS piping, respectively.
- the recovered reaction solution was separated into an aqueous layer and an organic solvent layer (toluene layer), and the amounts of methyl azide and sodium azide contained in each were analyzed by HPLC.
- Table 2 shows the yield (mol%) of methyl azide and sodium azide in each layer with respect to the amount of sodium azide charged.
- methyl azide was contained in both the organic solvent layer and the aqueous layer.
- the yield was improved to 74.8 mol%, and methyl azide could be synthesized safely and in high yield without requiring a special explosion-proof device even at 80 ° C.
- the total amount of unreacted sodium azide was contained in the aqueous layer, nearly 80% of methyl azide, which is a synthetic product, was transferred to the organic solvent layer.
- the present invention can provide a method for efficiently and safely producing an azide compound in a flow reactor using an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal azide as a raw material.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年6月12日に、日本に出願された特願2012-132812号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
[1] アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤と、下記一般式(II)(一般式(II)中、Mはアルカリ金属原子又はアルカリ土類金属原子を表し、mは1又は2を表す。)で表されるアジ化物とを、フローリアクター内で反応させ、下記一般式(I)(一般式(I)中、Yは、アルキル基、アリールアルキル基、置換基を有するシリル基、又は置換基を有するシリルアルキル基を表す。)で表されるアジド化合物を、溶液の状態で製造することを特徴とする、アジド化合物の製造方法。
[4] 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液の溶媒が水を含み、前記アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤を含む溶液の溶媒が、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物が溶解可能であり、かつ水と相分離可能な有機溶媒である、前記[3]のアジド化合物の製造方法。
[5] 前記有機溶媒がトルエンである、前記[4]のアジド化合物の製造方法。
[6] 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液が、さらに塩基を含む、前記[3]~[5]のいずれかのアジド化合物の製造方法。
[7] 前記Yがアルキル基を表す、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかのアジド化合物の製造方法。
[8] アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤と、下記一般式(II)(一般式(II)中、Mはアルカリ金属原子又はアルカリ土類金属原子を表し、mは1又は2を表す。)で表されるアジ化物とを、フローリアクター内中の第1のリアクター部内の溶液中で反応させ、下記一般式(I)(一般式(I)中、Yは、アルキル基、アリールアルキル基、置換基を有するシリル基、又は置換基を有するシリルアルキル基を表す。)で表されるアジド化合物を製造した後、前記アジド化合物を含む溶液と下記一般式(IV)(一般式(IV)中、Zは、-CO-、-SO2-、又は-CRaRb-(式中、Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、又は無置換の若しくは置換基を有するアリール基を表す。
)を表し、pは0又は1を表し、qは0又は1を表し、rは0又は1を表し、R1は、qが0の場合にアルキル基又は水素原子を表し、qが1の場合にアルキレン基を表し、R2は、無置換の若しくは置換基を有するアリール基を表す。但し、pが0の場合、qは1であり、rが0の場合、qは1である。)で表されるシアニド化合物を含む溶液とを、前記フローリアクター中の第2のミキサー部内で混合して反応させ、下記一般式(V)(一般式(V)中、Y、Z、R1、R2、p、q、及びrは前記と同様である。)で表される化合物を製造することを特徴とする、1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
[11] 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液の溶媒が水を含み、前記アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤を含む溶液の溶媒が、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物が溶解可能であり、かつ水と相分離可能な有機溶媒である、前記[10]の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
[12] 前記有機溶媒がトルエンである、前記[11]の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
[13] 前記第1のリアクター部から排出された前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を含む溶液を、水層と有機溶媒層に分離し、前記有機溶媒層を回収して、前記一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物を含む溶液と前記第2のミキサー部内で混合する、前記[11]又は[12]の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
[14] 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液が、さらに塩基を含む、前記[10]~[13]のいずれかのアジド化合物の製造方法。
[15] 前記Yがアルキル基を表す、前記[8]~[14]のいずれかの1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
[16] 前記R2が、下記一般式(s1)(一般式(s1)中、Aは、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、ハロアルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロアルコキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、無置換の若しくは置換基を有するアリール基、シアノ基、又はニトロ基を表し、nは、0~5のいずれかの整数を表す。nが2以上のとき、A同士は互いに同一であっても、相異なっていてもよい。*は、一般式(IV)において、pが1の場合にはR1に結合し、pが0であり、かつrが1の場合にはZに結合し、p及びrが0の場合にはシアニド基の炭素原子に結合する。)で表される基である、前記[8]~[15]のいずれかの1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
[18] 前記一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物を含む溶液に混合する、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を含む溶液が、前記一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物に対し、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を1.4倍モル量以上含有する、前記[8]~[17]のいずれかの1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
[19] 前記第2のミキサー部内で混合された溶液の溶媒が、トルエン又はN-メチルピロリドンである、前記[8]~[18]のいずれかの1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
また、本発明の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法は、本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法により製造されたアジド化合物を、フローリアクターの系外へ持ち出すことなく、そのままシアニド化合物と反応させることにより、1H-テトラゾール誘導体を製造する。
すなわち、本発明の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法は、爆発性等の危険性の低いアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属のアジ化物を原料としてフローリアクター内で段階的に反応させる。これにより、農薬をはじめとする各種薬剤の有効成分の合成原料として有用な1位と5位に置換基を有する1H-テトラゾール誘導体を、工業上安全に、より短時間かつ高効率で製造することができる。
<アジド化合物の製造方法>
本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法は、アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤と、下記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物とを、フローリアクター内で反応させ、下記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を、溶液の状態で製造することを特徴とする。つまり、本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法により、製造されたアジド化合物を溶液として回収することができる。
本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法では、一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物のナトリウムイオンを、アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤によって、アルキル基、アリールアルキル基、置換基を有するシリル基、又は置換基を有するシリルアルキル基に置換する。これにより、一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を効率よく合成することができる。
一般式(II)中、Mは、アルカリ金属原子又はアルカリ土類金属原子を表す。アルカリ金属原子としては、ナトリウム、カリウム、リチウム等が、アルカリ土類金属原子としては、マグネシウム、カルシウム等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、Mとしては、ナトリウム又はカリウムが好ましく、ナトリウムがより好ましい。
本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法においては、一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物(以下、単に「アジ化物」ということがある。)と置換基Y導入剤の反応容器として、フローリアクターを用いる。このため、アジド化合物のような分解性の高い化合物が得られる反応においても、低温環境下で比較的安全に反応させることができる。さらに、大気圧~10MPaの圧力下で反応を行うことにより、合成されたアジド化合物を、溶液の状態で回収することができる。
また、材質は、全流路において実質的に同一であってもよく、導入路、ミキサー部、リアクター部のそれぞれで異なっていてもよい。
ミキサー部内における液体の混合方式としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。例えば、層流による混合、乱流による混合が挙げられる。
フローリアクター内における、少なくともアジ化物と置換基Y導入剤の両方を含み、アジド化合物の合成反応が起こる反応溶液の反応溶媒は、アジ化物と置換基Y導入剤の両方が溶解し、かつ前記反応に不活性であれば、特に限定されるものではない。前記溶媒としては、例えば、水;ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の炭化水素系溶媒;アセトニトリル、プロピオンニトリル等のニトリル系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶媒;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセタミド、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド系溶媒;及びこれらの混合溶媒;等が挙げられる。
本発明の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法は、1のフローリアクター内で、アジ化物と置換基Y導入剤からアジド化合物を合成した後、さらにシアニド化合物を反応させて1H-テトラゾール誘導体を製造する方法である。中間生成物であるアジド化合物を外部に取り出すことなく、流路が連通している1のフローリアクター内で連続して反応を行うため、工業的にも安全に目的の1H-テトラゾール誘導体を製造することができる。
一般式(IV)中、Zは、-CO-、-SO2-、又は-CRaRb-を表し、pは0又は1を表し、qは0又は1を表し、rは0又は1を表し、R1は、qが0の場合にアルキル基又は水素原子を表し、qが1の場合にアルキレン基を表し、R2は、無置換の若しくは置換基を有するアリール基を表す。但し、pが0の場合、qは1であり、rが0の場合、qは1である。Ra及びRbは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、アルキル基、又は無置換の若しくは置換基を有するアリール基を表す。
アルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、s-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基等が挙げられる。アルキル基を構成する炭素の数は1~8が好ましい。
ハロアルキル基としては、フルオロメチル基、クロロメチル基、ブロモメチル基、ジフルオロメチル基、ジクロロメチル基、トリフルオロメチル基、トリクロロメチル基、トリフルオロエチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、3,3,3,2,2-ペンタフルオロプロピル基、2,2,2-トリフルオロ-1-トリフルオロメチルエチル基等が挙げられる。
ハロアルキル基を構成する炭素の数は1~8が好ましい。
ハロアルコキシ基としては、2-クロロ-n-プロポキシ基、2,3-ジクロロブトキシ基、トリフルオロメトキシ基等が挙げられる。ハロアルコキシ基を構成する炭素の数は1~8が好ましい。
アルキルスルホニル基としては、メチルスルホニル基、エチルスルホニル基、n-プロピルスルホニル基、i-プロピルスルホニル基、t-ブチルスルホニル基等が挙げられる。アルキルスルホニル基を構成する炭素の数は1~8が好ましい。
無置換のアリール基として具体的には、フェニル基、1-ナフチル基、2-ナフチル基、アズレニル基、インダニル基、テトラリニル基等が挙げられる。
(1)フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等のハロゲン原子;(2)メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、i-プロピル基、n-ブチル基、s-ブチル基、i-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基等のアルキル基;(3)シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基等のシクロアルキル基;(4)メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-プロポキシ基、i-プロポキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、i-ブトキシ基、s-ブトキシ基、t-ブトキシ基等のアルコキシ基;(5)ビニル基、1-プロペニル基、2-プロペニル基、1-ブテニル基、2-ブテニル基、3-ブテニル基、1-メチル-2-プロペニル基、2-メチル-2-プロペニル基、1-ペンテニル基、2-ペンテニル基、3-ペンテニル基、4-ペンテニル基、1-メチル-2-ブテニル基、2-メチル-2-ブテニル基、1-ヘキセニル基、2-ヘキセニル基、3-ヘキセニル基、4-ヘキセニル基、5-ヘキセニル基等のアルケニル基;
これら(1)~(85)に例示された置換基は、その中にさらに(1)~(85)に例示された置換基を化学的に許容される範囲で有することができる。
フローリアクター内における反応のうち、一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物(以下、単に「アジド化合物」ということがある。)と一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物(以下、単に「シアニド化合物」ということがある。)とを反応させる際の反応溶液の溶媒は、シアニド化合物とアジド化合物の両方が溶解し、かつシアニド化合物のシアニド基へのアジド化合物の付加環化反応に不活性であり、沸点が反応温度よりも充分に高いものであれば、特に限定されるものではない。前記溶媒としては、例えば、ペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の炭化水素系溶媒;アセトニトリル、プロピオンニトリル等のニトリル系溶媒;ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル系溶媒;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセタミド、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)等のアミド系溶媒;ジメチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド系溶媒;水;及びこれらの混合溶媒;等が挙げられる。また、これらの有機溶媒に、酢酸等の酸を添加したものであってもよい。本発明の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法においては、炭化水素系溶媒又はアミド系溶媒を用いることが好ましく、トルエン又はNMPを用いることがより好ましい。
本発明の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法において用いられるフローリアクターは、前記の本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法において用いられるフローリアクターのうち、アジド化合物の合成反応を行ったリアクター部(リアクター部が省略されている場合には、アジ化物を含む溶液と、置換基Y導入剤を含む溶液とを合流させるミキサー部)の下流に、シアニド化合物を含む溶液を合流させるミキサー部と、必要に応じてリアクター部を有する装置である。
アジ化ナトリウムと硫酸ジメチルを、フローリアクター内で反応させ、メチルアジドを合成した。
<フローリアクター>
一方の端がT字型ミキサー(PEEK材質)に連結し、他方の端はコンデンサーに連結させた、背圧弁を持つSUS配管{2mm(内径)×2.8m(流路長)、1mL/minのとき、滞留時間は約9分間である。}を40℃の水浴に浸し、これをフローリアクターとして用いた。前記T字型ミキサーのうち、SUS配管と連結していない残りの2つの開口部には、それぞれ50mL容のガラスシリンジ(シリンジA、シリンジB)を連結し、これらのガラスシリンジはそれぞれシリンジポンプにセットした。
アジ化ナトリウム19.56g(0.30mol)、28質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液25.77g(最終濃度:0.72mol/L)、及び50質量%のBTBAC水溶液9.42g(最終濃度:0.06mol/L)を、水214.4gで溶解し、アジ化ナトリウム溶液を調製した。得られたアジ化ナトリウム溶液のアジ化ナトリウム濃度は7.27質量%(1.2mol/L)であった。
これとは別に、硫酸ジメチル56.83gを、トルエン53.72gで希釈し、硫酸ジメチル溶液を調製した。得られた硫酸ジメチル溶液の硫酸ジメチル濃度は、53.17質量%(4.5mol/L)であった。
シリンジAにアジ化ナトリウム溶液を35.32g充填し、シリンジBに硫酸ジメチル溶液を24.35g充填した。次に、シリンジAからの送液量とシリンジBからの送液量との比率(容量比)が7:3となり、かつ合計流量が1mL/分となるように、各シリンジから送液した。最終的には、SUS配管内に、シリンジAから34.51gのアジ化ナトリウム溶液(アジ化ナトリウムの仕込量:38.46mmol)が導入され、シリンジBから14.2gの硫酸ジメチル溶液(硫酸ジメチルの仕込量:59.7mmol、アジ化ナトリウムに対して1.55倍モル量)が導入された。その後、コンデンサーにより冷却された反応溶液を回収した。
アジ化ナトリウムと硫酸ジメチルを、フローリアクター内で反応させ、メチルアジドを合成した。
<フローリアクター>
一方の端がT字型ミキサー(PEEK材質)に連結し、他方の端はコンデンサーに連結させた、背圧弁を持つSUS配管{1mm(内径)×19.2m(流路長)、1.6mL/minのとき、滞留時間は約9分間である。}を80℃のオイルバスに浸し、これをフローリアクターとして用いた。前記T字型ミキサーのうち、リアクター部と連結していない残りの2つの開口部には、それぞれHPLCポンプA及びBをSUS配管にて連結した。
50mLメスフラスコに、アジ化ナトリウム3.9g(0.06mol)、及び28質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液10.29g(アジ化ナトリウム基準で120mol%相当)を量り込み、水で50mLに調製し、アジ化ナトリウム溶液を調製した。得られたアジ化ナトリウム溶液のアジ化ナトリウム濃度は、1.2mol/Lであった。
これとは別に、100mLメスフラスコに、硫酸ジメチル30.27g(400mol%相当)を量り込み、トルエンで100mLに調製し、硫酸ジメチル溶液を調製した。得られた硫酸ジメチル溶液の硫酸ジメチル濃度は、2.4mol/Lであり、その半分を送液した。
HPLCポンプA吸引口にアジ化ナトリウム溶液をセットし、HPLCポンプB吸引口に硫酸ジメチル溶液をセットした。HPLCポンプAとBの送液量が各々0.8mL/min(合計流量1.6mL/min)となるように60分送液した。最終的には、SUS配管内に、HPLCポンプAから50mLのアジ化ナトリウム溶液(アジ化ナトリウムの仕込量:0.06mol)が導入され、HPLCポンプBから50mLの硫酸ジメチル溶液(硫酸ジメチルの仕込量:0.12mol、アジ化ナトリウムに対して2.0倍モル量)が導入された。その後、洗浄液としてポンプAは水、ポンプBはトルエンに切り替え、さらに60分送液し、コンデンサーにより冷却された反応溶液を回収した。
本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法及び1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法により、農薬、医薬等の有効成分として有用なテトラゾイルオキシム誘導体の合成原料として有用な、アジド化合物及び1位と5位に置換基を有する1H-テトラゾール誘導体を効率よく安全に製造できるため、本発明のアジド化合物の製造方法及び1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法は、農薬、医薬等の製造分野で利用可能である。
Claims (19)
- 前記フローリアクターに、前記アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤を含む溶液と、前記(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液とを、それぞれ別個に導入する、請求項1又は2に記載のアジド化合物の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液の溶媒が水を含み、前記アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤を含む溶液の溶媒が、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物が溶解可能であり、かつ水と相分離可能な有機溶媒である、請求項3に記載のアジド化合物の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒がトルエンである、請求項4に記載のアジド化合物の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液が、さらに塩基を含む、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載のアジド化合物の製造方法。
- 前記Yがアルキル基を表す、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のアジド化合物の製造方法。
- アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤と、下記一般式(II)
- 前記フローリアクターに、前記アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤を含む溶液と、前記(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液とを、それぞれ別個に導入し、両溶液を第1のミキサー部内で混合し、得られた混合液が前記第1のリアクター部へ導入される、請求項8又は9に記載のアジド化合物の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液の溶媒が水を含み、前記アルキル化剤又はシリル化剤を含む溶液の溶媒が、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物が溶解可能であり、かつ水と相分離可能な有機溶媒である、請求項10に記載の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶媒がトルエンである、請求項11に記載の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
- 前記第1のリアクター部から排出された前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を含む溶液を、水層と有機溶媒層に分離し、前記有機溶媒層を回収して、前記一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物を含む溶液と前記第2のミキサー部内で混合する、請求項11又は12に記載の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(II)で表されるアジ化物を含む溶液が、さらに塩基を含む、請求項10~13のいずれか一項に記載のアジド化合物の製造方法。
- 前記Yがアルキル基を表す、請求項8~14のいずれか一項に記載の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物と前記一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物との反応の反応温度が150~250℃である、請求項8~16のいずれか一項に記載の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
- 前記一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物を含む溶液に混合する、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を含む溶液が、前記一般式(IV)で表されるシアニド化合物に対し、前記一般式(I)で表されるアジド化合物を1.4倍モル量以上含有する、請求項8~17のいずれか一項に記載の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
- 前記第2のミキサー部内で混合された溶液の溶媒が、トルエン又はN-メチルピロリドンである、請求項8~18のいずれか一項に記載の1H-テトラゾール誘導体の製造方法。
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EP2860173B1 (en) | 2021-05-05 |
KR101691279B1 (ko) | 2016-12-29 |
JP5789049B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
EP2860173A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
EP2860173A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
CN104350038B (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
CN104350038A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
JPWO2013187325A1 (ja) | 2016-02-04 |
KR20150008896A (ko) | 2015-01-23 |
US20150158829A1 (en) | 2015-06-11 |
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