WO2013183287A1 - 遠心分離装置 - Google Patents
遠心分離装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013183287A1 WO2013183287A1 PCT/JP2013/003516 JP2013003516W WO2013183287A1 WO 2013183287 A1 WO2013183287 A1 WO 2013183287A1 JP 2013003516 W JP2013003516 W JP 2013003516W WO 2013183287 A1 WO2013183287 A1 WO 2013183287A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- torque
- centrifugal force
- differential speed
- bowl
- limit value
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
- B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
- B04B1/2016—Driving control or mechanisms; Arrangement of transmission gearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B13/00—Control arrangements specially designed for centrifuges; Programme control of centrifuges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04B—CENTRIFUGES
- B04B1/00—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles
- B04B1/20—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl
- B04B2001/2058—Centrifuges with rotary bowls provided with solid jackets for separating predominantly liquid mixtures with or without solid particles discharging solid particles from the bowl by a conveying screw coaxial with the bowl axis and rotating relatively to the bowl with ribbon-type screw conveyor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a centrifuge provided with a bowl and a screw conveyor, and more particularly, to a centrifuge provided with a function of controlling the centrifugal force of the bowl according to the conveying torque of the screw conveyor.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic structure of a horizontal decanter.
- the horizontal decanter 100 includes a bowl 101 that can rotate around a horizontal axis and a screw conveyor 102 that is disposed in the bowl 101 on the same rotation axis and is accommodated in a casing 103. It is a structure that has been.
- the bowl 101 for applying a centrifugal force to the liquid to be treated containing a solid is formed in a conical shape on one end side.
- This conical portion forms a beach portion where the solid material transferred by the screw conveyor 102 is detached from the liquid pool, and a solid material outlet 104 is formed at the tip side.
- the body portion of the bowl 101 forms a pool (pool portion) of the liquid to be processed supplied into the bowl 101, and a separation liquid outlet 105 is formed on the end surface on the other end side.
- the screw conveyor 102 is formed with a spiral screw blade 102a and a discharge port 102b for supplying the liquid to be processed into the bowl.
- the bowl 101 is rotated by the main drive motor 107.
- the main drive motor 107 controls the rotation speed (N) of the bowl 101 by inverter control.
- the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 102 is controlled by the gear box 106 and the back drive motor 108 so as to rotate at a differential speed ( ⁇ N) relative to the bowl 101.
- a method for forming the differential speed in the above configuration will be described.
- the screw conveyor 102 When the bowl 101 containing the liquid to be processed is rotated by the main drive motor 107, the screw conveyor 102 also tries to rotate at the same speed integrally with the bowl 101 by the action of friction, fluid resistance, and the like. Since the solid matter is not conveyed to the beach portion at the same speed, a brake is applied to the screw conveyor 102 by the back drive motor 108 so that the screw conveyor 102 rotates at a speed slower than that of the bowl 101. The regenerative electric power generated by the action of the brake is consumed by the main drive motor 107, realizing energy saving of the device.
- the operation is performed so that both the rotation speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) of the bowl 101 are constant, or the transfer load (torque) of the screw conveyor 102 is set as in Patent Document 2.
- a decanter 100 is disclosed that measures and controls the magnitude of a differential speed ( ⁇ N) according to a torque value. In other words, conventionally, an operation is performed in which the rotation speed (N) of the bowl 101 is constant.
- the properties (particularly the solid content concentration) of the liquid to be treated to be supplied are not always constant and may vary.
- the liquid to be treated is sludge generated by sewage treatment or the like
- the solid content concentration (sludge concentration) varies depending on various factors such as rainfall.
- the rotational speed of the bowl 101 is intentionally set to be constant, or has a structure that must be constant as in Patent Document 2, so that the properties of the liquid to be treated (particularly solids)
- the centrifugal force (G) is not suitable for the concentration.
- the moisture content of the solid matter discharged from the bowl 101 deviates from the target value, or the running cost increases due to unnecessary power consumption.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems cited as an example, and the purpose thereof is a stable operation even when the properties of the liquid to be treated (particularly, the solid content concentration) change, And it is providing the centrifuge which can implement
- the centrifugal separator includes a bowl for applying centrifugal force to a liquid to be treated to centrifuge into a solid and a liquid, a screw conveyor for conveying the solid in the bowl toward a discharge port, and the bowl
- a centrifuge having a drive motor for rotating the screw conveyor and a differential speed generator for allowing the screw conveyor to rotate at a differential speed relative to the bowl. Accordingly, a control device for automatically controlling the magnitude of the centrifugal force of the bowl is provided.
- the control device has information on a range of the target set value of the transport torque, and gradually changes the magnitude of the centrifugal force of the bowl so that the transport torque at the time of centrifugation is within the range of the target set value. It is preferable. Further, the range of the target set value is set such that the difference between the upper limit value and the lower limit value is set to 0.5 kgf ⁇ m, and the centrifugal force of the bowl is set so that the transport torque falls within this range. It is preferable to change in stages. Moreover, it is preferable that the centrifugal force of the bowl is changed stepwise, for example, at intervals of 100G.
- the control device further includes information on a differential speed movable upper limit value and information on a differential speed movable lower limit value associated with each of the centrifugal forces that are changed in stages, and the magnitude of the centrifugal force of the bowl in stages. It is preferable to set the differential speed movable upper limit value and the differential speed movable lower limit value corresponding to the changed centrifugal force of the bowl. Further, the control device may execute control for stopping the supply of the liquid to be processed to the bowl from the start of the operation of increasing the centrifugal force of the bowl until the changed centrifugal force is reached. preferable.
- the control device has information on a range of a torque target set value of the transport torque and information on a differential speed movable range of the differential speed, and the transport torque at the time of performing centrifugation is outside the range of the torque target set value. If the state where the differential speed is at the differential speed movable upper limit value or the differential speed movable lower limit value, which is the limit value of the differential speed movable range, continues for a certain period of time, the conveyance torque is set within the range of the torque target set value. It is preferable to change the magnitude of the centrifugal force of the bowl in a stepwise manner in the storing direction.
- the control device has information on a range of a torque limit value wider than the range of the torque target set value, and the conveyance torque at the time of performing the centrifugal separation is an upper limit set value of the torque target set value and the torque limit value.
- a first centrifugal force lowering process for lowering the centrifugal force when the state is between the upper limit torque value and the torque upper limit value and the differential speed is at the differential speed movable lower limit value for a certain period of time.
- a second centrifugal force lowering process that lowers the centrifugal force more than the centrifugal force lowering process, and the conveyance torque at the time of performing the centrifugal separation is a lower limit set value of the torque target set value and a lower limit value of the torque limit value Between the lower limit and
- a first centrifugal force increasing process for increasing centrifugal force is performed, and the conveyance torque when performing the centrifugal separation is
- a bowl for applying centrifugal force to the liquid to be treated and centrifuging the solid into the liquid
- a screw conveyor for conveying the solid in the bowl toward the discharge port
- rotating the bowl
- a centrifugal motor comprising: a drive motor for rotating the screw conveyor; and a differential speed generating device for rotating the screw conveyor with a differential speed relative to the bowl.
- centrifuge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described by taking a horizontal decanter for treating sludge as an example.
- the technical scope of the present invention is not limited and interpreted by the embodiments described below.
- the decanter 1 forms a casing 2 in which a solid substance outlet 21 and a separation liquid outlet 22 are respectively formed below, and a rotating cylindrical body disposed in the casing 2.
- a bowl 3 and a screw conveyor 4 that is a means for transporting solid matter to which centrifugal force is applied in the bowl 3 are provided.
- the bowl 3 is supported by a bearing mechanism 23 such as a bearing attached to the casing 2, and the screw conveyor 4 is supported by a conveyor bearing (not shown), and each of the bowl 3 and the screw conveyor 4 is independently horizontal. It can rotate around the axis.
- the power of the drive motor 24, which is a drive mechanism, is transmitted to the pulley 24b on the bowl 3 side via the rotating belt 24a, whereby the bowl 3 rotates at a predetermined rotational speed, and further, the differential speed generating mechanism 25 and the spline are rotated.
- Power is transmitted to the screw conveyor 4 through the shaft 26, and the bowl 3 and the screw conveyor 4 are configured to rotate with a relative differential speed.
- a planetary gear can be used for the differential speed generating mechanism.
- a drive motor called a back drive motor 27 is connected to the rotary shaft 25a of the differential speed generating mechanism 25 via a rotary belt 27a and a pulley 27b.
- the back drive motor 27 is for applying a brake so that the screw conveyor 4 rotates slower than the bowl 3 by using torque when the rotating belt 27a rotates on the rotating shaft of the motor.
- the regenerative electric power generated in the motor 27 by applying the brake is supplied to the drive motor 24, thereby suppressing the power consumption of the entire apparatus.
- the back drive motor 27 may not be provided.
- the decanter 1 further includes a supply nozzle 5 for supplying the sludge as the liquid to be treated and the flocculant into the bowl 3.
- the supply nozzle 5 has, for example, a double-pipe structure, and sludge is assigned on the inner side and a flocculant channel is assigned on the outer side.
- Sludge is sludge generated in water treatment processes such as water and sewage, industrial wastewater, and human waste, and has a moisture content of about 95 to 99.5%.
- the flocculant for example, a polymer flocculant is used.
- the body portion of the bowl 3 is formed with a conical portion 31 on one end side and a cylindrical portion 32 on the other end side.
- the opening on the other end side is closed with a circular member called a front hub 33.
- the front hub 33 and the cylindrical portion 32 form a pool portion (liquid reservoir) in which sludge supplied into the bowl 3 stays.
- a separation liquid discharge port 34 is formed in the front hub 33, and the separation liquid overflows from the discharge port 34 by continuously supplying sludge into the bowl 3.
- the conical portion 31 of the bowl 3 forms a beach portion from which the concentrated sludge transferred by the screw conveyor 4 (that is, sludge in the middle of dehydration) separates from the pool portion, and the concentrated sludge ( Or a dewatered sludge) discharge port 35 is formed.
- the beach portion has a function of causing the sludge to slip on the inclined surface and causing the squeezing force of the screw blade 41 to act on the sludge, and a function of increasing the effective volume of the pool portion to increase the sludge residence time.
- the beach portion has a two-stage structure in which the inclination angle changes near the center.
- Steepening the tip side inclination angle as in the beach portion of FIG. 1 has the effect of further increasing the squeezing force of the screw blades 41 and the sludge retention time.
- the inclination angle on the tip side can be made gentler and does not necessarily have a two-stage structure.
- the present embodiment is applicable to the bowl 3 that does not have the conical portion 31 and is configured only by the cylindrical portion 32.
- the screw blade 41 that conveys and squeezes sludge in the bowl 3 is formed in a spiral shape on the outer peripheral surface of the body portion 42 of the screw conveyor 4.
- the body portion 42 of the screw conveyor 4 has a cavity (buffer portion) inside, and the tip of the supply nozzle 5 extends to the inside of the buffer portion.
- the sludge from the supply nozzle 5 is supplied to the buffer portion, the sludge is supplied into the bowl 3 by the action of centrifugal force through the short cone 43 formed in the vicinity of the center portion of the body portion 42. It has become.
- the flocculant is also supplied into the short cone 43 through a different path from the sludge, mixed with the sludge in the short cone 43 and supplied into the bowl 3. Since sludge and the flocculant can be efficiently reacted in the inner region of the short cone 43 and can be promptly supplied to the centrifugal force field, a low chemical injection rate of the flocculant can be achieved. Furthermore, since sludge is supplied to the centrifugal force field along the short cone 43, the separation performance can be improved without stirring the sludge layer in the bowl 3. In addition, the chemical injection of the flocculant does not necessarily have to be performed, and the equipment for chemical injection can be omitted.
- the screw conveyor 4 is preferably an axial conveyor in which an opening for allowing the separated liquid to flow along the axial direction of the screw conveyor 4 is provided in the screw blades 41.
- the separation liquid does not flow spirally along the groove between the screw blades 41 but flows linearly along the axial direction of the screw conveyor 4 through the opening and separated. Head toward the liquid outlet 34.
- the linear velocity of the separated liquid in the bowl 3 is lowered, and a low chemical injection rate can be achieved by flowing without disturbing the sludge layer.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of an axial conveyor.
- the axial conveyor opens the spiral blade member 41 a away from the body of the screw conveyor 4 with respect to the screw blade 41 on the separation liquid discharge port 34 side from the short cone 43.
- the screw blades 41 are formed by fixing the spiral belt-like members with the support members 41b arranged radially.
- the decanter 1 has a bowl speed meter that measures the rotational speed of the bowl 3.
- the bowl speedometer can employ a non-contact rotation sensor as an example.
- a procedure for determining the set value of the centrifugal force (G) when executing the centrifugation and determining the rotational speed (N) corresponding to the centrifugal force (G) is executed. Then, the drive motor 24 is inverter-controlled with reference to the measured value of the bowl speedometer so that the bowl 3 rotates at the determined set value. Information on the correspondence relationship between the centrifugal force (G) and the rotational speed (N) can be stored in a memory or the like of the control device 6 described later. The rotation speed of the bowl 3 can also be detected from inverter information (frequency, etc.) of the drive motor 24 controlled by the inverter.
- the decanter 1 has a torque meter that measures the conveyance torque of the screw conveyor 4.
- the torque meter can employ an inverter torque monitor output.
- the conveying torque of the screw conveyor 4 varies depending on the concentrated state of the sludge in the bowl 3. More specifically, when the concentration proceeds excessively, the conveyance torque increases because the moisture content of the sludge in the bowl 3 is low. On the other hand, when the concentration is insufficient, the conveyance torque is small because the moisture content of the sludge in the bowl 3 is high.
- the decanter 1 stabilizes the concentrated state in the bowl 3 by applying an appropriate centrifugal force (G).
- a control device 6 for changing the size of (G) is provided.
- the control device 6 can be constituted by a computer device including a CPU and a memory, for example.
- the control device 6 stores a sequence program for automatically controlling centrifugal force (G) described later in a memory.
- the control device 6 can further store a sequence program for controlling the overall operation of the decanter 1 in a memory.
- the control device 6 includes information indicating a correspondence relationship between the centrifugal force (G) and the rotational speed (N), and a differential speed ( ⁇ N) associated with the centrifugal force (G).
- the differential speed movable upper limit information and the differential speed movable lower limit information are stored in the memory. Since the centrifugal force (G) is preferably changed stepwise, for example, a set value of centrifugal force (G) obtained by dividing a range of 800G to 1700G into 10 steps at 100G intervals, and a set value of each centrifugal force (G).
- the information on the differential speed movable upper limit value and the information on the differential speed movable lower limit value of the rotational speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) associated with each other is stored. *
- the control device 6 stores information on the range of the target set value of the conveyance torque in the memory.
- the range of the target set value can be set to an appropriate value associated with the target moisture content of the sludge to be processed.
- the range of the target set value may be further associated with the type of sludge to be processed.
- the target set value is set to 7.5 kgf-m
- the torque upper limit set value is set to 7.7 kgf-m
- the torque lower limit set value is set to 7.2 kgf-m. That is, it is preferable that the difference between the torque upper limit setting value and the torque lower limit setting value be 0.5 kgfm.
- the concentration of the supplied sludge is analyzed in advance, a target value (initial setting value) of centrifugal force (G) is determined based on the analysis result, and the operator inputs the control device 6. It is preferable that the initial set value is set to a low value and is increased stepwise to an appropriate centrifugal force (G) by automatic control.
- the control device 6 to which the initial set value has been input has information on the set value of the rotational speed (N) corresponding to the centrifugal force (G) of the initial set value, the differential speed movable upper limit value of the differential speed ( ⁇ N), and the differential speed ( [Delta] N) information on the differential speed movable lower limit value is read from the memory, the set value of the rotational speed (N), the differential speed movable upper limit value of the differential speed ( ⁇ N), and the differential speed movable lower limit value of the differential speed ( ⁇ N) Is determined as a setting value for control.
- the set value of the rotational speed (N) is 1792 min-1
- the differential speed movable upper limit value of the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is 3.5 min-1
- the differential speed ( The lower limit of the differential speed movement of ⁇ N) is 4.5 min ⁇ 1.
- the drive motor 24 is inverter-controlled so that the rotation speed measured by the bowl speedometer is equal to the set value.
- the differential speed is controlled based on the torque output.
- the amount of sludge supplied can be set to 2 to 50 m 3 / h.
- the amount of the flocculant added can be adjusted based on the type of flocculant to be added, the properties and reactivity of the sludge.
- Sludge and flocculant are mixed in the short cone 43 as described above.
- the sludge mixed with the flocculant is given a centrifugal force by the rotating bowl 3 and is stored in the pool part of the bowl 3 over the entire circumference. It will be in the state which settled to the surface side.
- the sludge solid matter settled on the inner peripheral surface side of the bowl 3 is transferred toward the discharge port 35 by the screw blades 41 of the rotating screw conveyor 4 and separated from the liquid by landing on the beach portion.
- the concentrated sludge separated from the liquid is discharged out of the bowl 3 through the discharge port 35.
- the separation liquid overflows from the separation liquid discharge port 34 by continuously supplying the sludge.
- the torque meter continuously measures the conveyance torque of the screw conveyor 4.
- the control device 6 samples the torque value measured by the torque meter at a predetermined interval (for example, every 30 minutes), and determines whether it falls within the target set value range. If the result of determination is within the range of the target set value, it is determined that the current centrifugal force (1600 G) is appropriate, and this set value is maintained. As shown in the results of the examples described later, since the conveyance torque changes from moment to moment, it is preferable to sample a plurality of samples and use the average value as an index.
- the control device 6 determines that the current centrifugal force (G) is high.
- the centrifugal force (1500 G) lower by 100 G than the current centrifugal force (G) is changed to a new set value.
- the control device 6 determines the difference between the set value of the rotational speed (N) corresponding to the new set value of the centrifugal force (G), the information on the differential speed movable upper limit value of the differential speed ( ⁇ N), and the differential speed ( ⁇ N).
- the information on the speed movable lower limit value is read from the memory, and each is changed to a new set value.
- the setting change is completed while the operation is continued. Further, when the centrifugal force (G) is decreased, the supply of sludge may be continued.
- “continue the supply of sludge” means to eliminate the state in which the supply of sludge is completely stopped, and the time when the supply of sludge is instantaneously stopped when the centrifugal force (G) is lowered. Even an aspect including a belt is included in “continuing supply of sludge”.
- the control device 6 determines that the current centrifugal force (G) is low, The centrifugal force (1700G) which is 100G higher than the current centrifugal force (G) is changed to a new set value. Further, the control device 6 determines the difference between the set value of the rotational speed (N) corresponding to the new set value of the centrifugal force (G), the information on the differential speed movable upper limit value of the differential speed ( ⁇ N), and the differential speed ( ⁇ N). The information on the speed movable lower limit value is read from the memory, and each is changed to a new set value for control.
- the torque lower limit setting value for example, when the torque value is 6.5 kgf-m
- the change in centrifugal force (G) is not limited to one step.
- the centrifugal force (G) may be changed in two steps or more.
- the concentration of the supplied sludge may be added in addition to the conveyance torque.
- the above-described control based on the conveyance torque is defined as “auto mode control”
- the control of the centrifugal force (G) based on the conveyance torque and the concentration of the supplied sludge is defined as “full auto mode control”.
- a control is added to lower the centrifugal force (G) when the supplied sludge concentration is high and to increase the centrifugal force (G) when the concentration is low.
- the sludge concentration is preferably measured continuously by installing a densitometer.
- the control device 6 that automatically controls the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) of the bowl 3 in accordance with the change in the conveying torque of the screw conveyor 4, the property (solid content) of the supplied sludge is provided. Centrifugation can be performed with an appropriate centrifugal force corresponding to the change in concentration. As a result, the concentrated state in the bowl 3 can be stabilized, and the moisture content of the concentrated sludge discharged from the bowl 3 can be prevented from deviating from (specified target value). Moreover, the energy saving operation which reduced unnecessary electric power is realizable by setting to an appropriate centrifugal force (G).
- automatic control by the control device 6 is adopted, but manual control by an operator may be executed.
- the use of the control method for changing the centrifugal force (G) in stages enables unattended operation by full automation. There is an advantage.
- Fig. 5 shows the trend data when the automatic operation is actually performed with the setting values shown in Fig. 4.
- the rotation speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) are automatically controlled according to the conveyance torque so as to follow the target control setting value, and stable operation can be realized.
- the moisture content of the concentrated sludge was within the target range during the operation period.
- size of the centrifugal force (G) of the bowl 3 was controlled according to the change of the conveyance torque of the screw conveyor 4.
- the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) of the bowl 3 is controlled in accordance with the change in the differential speed ( ⁇ N) between the screw conveyor 4 and the bowl 3 in addition to the change in the conveyance torque, thereby further increasing the coverage.
- the operation is stable and energy-saving according to the properties of the treatment liquid.
- since the structure of the decanter 1 is the same as that of 1st Embodiment, description is not repeated.
- the transfer torque when the differential speed ( ⁇ N) remains at the limit value of the differential speed movable range for a certain period of time, the transfer torque does not converge to the target set value range. Considering that it is impossible to control the transfer torque by speed control, the process of converging the transfer torque to the target set value range is performed by changing the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G). This point will be described in detail below.
- the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is N1, when the rotational speed of the bowl 3 is N1, the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 25a of the differential speed generating mechanism 25 is N2, and the reduction ratio in the differential speed generating mechanism 25 is X.
- the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is reduced by increasing the output of the back drive motor 27, and the differential speed is decreased by reducing the output of the back drive motor 27. ( ⁇ N) expands.
- the differential speed ( ⁇ N) changes, the conveyance torque also changes, and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) has an appropriate range for keeping the conveyance torque within the target set value range. Corresponds to the range.
- FIG. 6 is a graph for explaining a method of controlling the centrifugal force (G) of the bowl 3.
- 6A shows changes in the conveyance torque of the screw conveyor 4 (representative example)
- FIG. 6B shows changes in the differential speed ( ⁇ N) between the bowl 3 and the screw conveyor 4 ( Representative example).
- FIG. 7 is a data table showing various setting values stored in the memory.
- the memory of the control device 6 stores various set values used for controlling the centrifugal force (G) of the bowl 3 as shown in FIG.
- the various set values are stored in association with each stage by dividing the centrifugal force (G) of the bowl 3 into 10 stages at intervals of 100 G in the range of 600 G to 1500 G. That is, the rotational speed (N) is associated with each centrifugal force (G). For example, for a centrifugal force (G) of 1000 G, the rotational speed (N) is 1417 min-1, the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is a differential speed movable upper limit of 2.8 min-1, and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is a differential speed. 4.0 min ⁇ 1 is associated with each of the movable lower limit values.
- the numerical values shown in FIG. 7 are examples. Therefore, in FIG. 7, the numerical values of the differential speed movable lower limit value of the differential speed ( ⁇ N) are all the same, but may be set to different values. This also applies to the first embodiment.
- the differential speed movable upper limit value and the differential speed movable lower limit value correspond to the lower limit value and the upper limit value of the output of the backtribe motor 27, respectively. That is, as shown in the above equation (1), the differential speed ( ⁇ N) decreases when the output of the back drive motor 27 increases, and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) increases when the output of the back drive motor 27 decreases. . Therefore, in the vertical axis notation in FIG. 6B, the numerical value of the differential speed ( ⁇ ) gradually decreases from the differential speed movable lower limit value toward the differential speed movable upper limit value.
- the memory of the control device 6 stores information on the range of the torque target set value and information on the range of the torque limit value.
- the torque target set value for the conveyance torque is 7.5 kg-m.
- a torque upper limit value that is an upper limit value of this range and a torque lower limit value that is a lower limit value of this range are stored in the memory.
- the torque upper limit value can be set as appropriate from the viewpoint of suppressing an excessive load applied to the differential speed generation mechanism 25 due to an excessively large conveyance torque. Accordingly, the torque upper limit value (9.0 kg-m) shown in FIG. 7 is merely an example, and can be appropriately changed according to the type of the differential speed generating mechanism 25.
- the torque lower limit value can be set as appropriate from the viewpoint of suppressing the transfer torque from becoming too small and causing the moisture content of the sludge to deviate significantly from the target moisture content. Accordingly, the torque lower limit value (5.5 kg-m) shown in FIG. 7 is merely an example, and can be appropriately changed according to the type of sludge.
- the control device 6 receives an input by the operator of the initial setting value of the centrifugal force (G) (Act 1). In this embodiment, it is assumed that the initial setting value of the centrifugal force (G) is set to 1000G.
- the control device 6 reads the initial setting value (target value) of the rotational speed (N) corresponding to the initial setting value of the centrifugal force (G) and various setting values of the differential speed ( ⁇ N) from the memory (Act 2).
- the rotational speed (N) corresponding to the initial setting value 1000G of the centrifugal force (G) is 1417 min-1, and the differential speed movable range is 2.8 to 4.0 min-1.
- the control device 6 starts the drive motor 24 and starts the supply of sludge and flocculant into the bowl 3 when the rotational speed (N) of the bowl 3 reaches the initial set value 1417 min ⁇ 1 (Act 3).
- the sludge and the flocculant supplied into the bowl 3 are mixed in the bowl 3 and a centrifugal force is applied by the rotating bowl 3.
- the sludge solid content settles on the inner peripheral surface side of the bowl 3 and is separated from the liquid, and is discharged out of the bowl 3 by the screw conveyor 4 that rotates following the bowl 3. Overflows from the bowl 3 and is discharged from the bowl 3 to the outside.
- the control device 6 constantly monitors the conveyance torque of the screw conveyor 4 output from the torque meter. Further, the control device 6 detects the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 4 from the inverter information (frequency, etc.) of the back drive motor 27 controlled by the inverter. However, the control device 6 may acquire the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 4 from a speedometer (not shown) that detects the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 25a of the differential speed generating mechanism 25. The detection method for detecting the rotation speed of the bowl 3 will not be described repeatedly.
- the control device 6 determines whether or not the torque value is within the range of the torque target set value (7.0 to 7.8 kg-m).
- the torque value can be an average value of the torque of the screw conveyor 4 within a torque sampling time which is a predetermined interval (for example, an interval of 30 minutes). If the torque value is not within the range of the torque target set value, the process proceeds to Act5.
- the control device 6 determines whether or not the torque value is higher than the torque upper limit set value. If the torque value is higher than the torque upper limit set value as indicated by 1-1 and 1-2 in FIG. 6A (Act5, YES), the process proceeds to Act6. When the torque value is lower than the torque lower limit setting value (Act 5, No), the process proceeds to Act 10.
- Act 7 the control device 6 determines whether or not the torque value is equal to or greater than the torque upper limit value. If the torque value is equal to or greater than the torque upper limit value (Act 7, YES), the process proceeds to Act 9. If the torque value is not equal to or greater than the torque upper limit value (Act 7, NO), the process proceeds to Act 8.
- the control device 6 performs a process of reducing the centrifugal force (G) by two stages. That is, when the torque value is equal to or greater than the torque upper limit value, the sludge squeezing process proceeds excessively, and the target moisture content may not be maintained, and the load applied to the differential speed generating mechanism 25 becomes excessive.
- the centrifugal force (G) is lowered by two steps, and the solid matter is quickly discharged out of the decanter 1.
- the control device 6 determines that 1 ⁇ of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, when the torque value is equal to or greater than the torque upper limit value (9.0 kg-m) (Act 7: YES), the centrifugal force (G) that is two steps lower than the current centrifugal force (G) is read from the memory. Then, a process of lowering the set value of the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) from 1000G to 800G in two steps is performed.
- control device 6 reads various values of the rotational speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) corresponding to the new set value of the centrifugal force (G) from the memory.
- the control device 6 drives the decanter 1 based on these various new set values that have been read out, such as the set value of the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G).
- the control device 6 performs a process of reducing the centrifugal force (G) by one step. That is, when the torque value exceeds the torque upper limit set value and is less than the torque upper limit limit value, the squeezing process of the sludge progresses too much and the target moisture content may not be maintained. The level is lowered and the solid matter is immediately discharged out of the decanter 1. Note that the time condition of the differential speed movable lower limit continuation state of the differential speed ( ⁇ N) when the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) is decreased may be changed between when the speed is lowered by one stage and when the speed is lowered by two stages.
- the control device 6 determines that when the state where the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is at the differential speed movable lower limit continues for 30 minutes (exemplary) (Act 6: YES), As shown in FIG. 1, when the torque value exceeds the torque upper limit set value and is less than the torque upper limit value (Act 7: NO), the centrifugal force (G) that is one step lower than the current centrifugal force (G) is stored from the memory. A process of reading and lowering the set value of the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) by one step from 1000G to 900G is performed.
- control device 6 reads various values of the rotational speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) corresponding to the new set value of the centrifugal force (G) from the memory.
- the control device 6 drives the decanter 1 based on these various new set values that have been read out, such as the set value of the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G).
- the control device 6 changes various set values related to the rotational speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) to new set values, and changes the centrifugal force (G) for about 5 minutes. It is preferable to operate with the supply of sludge stopped. This is because an overload may be generated in the drive motor 24 to cause an abnormal stop.
- the control device 6 determines that the differential speed ( ⁇ N) deviates from the differential speed movable lower limit value within a predetermined time (see FIG. 6B). By controlling ⁇ N), the torque value can be converged to the range of the torque target set value lower than the torque upper limit set value, as indicated by 1-3 in FIG. 6A. Therefore, the centrifugal force (G) Continue driving without changing the size of.
- the torque value exceeds the torque upper limit set value and the state where the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is at the differential speed movable lower limit value continues for a certain period of time, according to the torque value. Since the change level of the centrifugal force (G) can be changed, the sludge can be stably treated and the overload of the differential speed generating mechanism 25 can be prevented.
- the control device 6 determines whether or not the torque value is equal to or lower than the torque lower limit value. If the torque value is less than or equal to the torque lower limit value (Act 11, YES), the process proceeds to Act 12. If the torque value is not less than or equal to the torque lower limit value (Act 11, NO), the process proceeds to Act 13.
- the control device 6 performs a process of increasing the centrifugal force (G) by two stages. That is, when the torque value is equal to or less than the torque lower limit value, the moisture content of the sludge may be significantly deviated from the target moisture content, so the centrifugal force (G) is increased by two stages to promote the squeezing process.
- the control device 6 determines that the state in which the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is at the differential speed movable upper limit value continues for 15 minutes (illustrated) (Act 10: YES), as shown in 2- of FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, when the torque value is smaller than the torque lower limit value (5.5 kg-m) (Act 11: YES), the centrifugal force (G) that is two steps higher is read from the memory, and the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) To increase the set value of 2 from 1000G to 1200G. Further, the control device 6 reads various set values of the rotational speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) corresponding to the new set value of the centrifugal force (G) from the memory. The control device 6 drives the decanter 1 based on these various new set values that have been read out, such as the set value of the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G).
- the control device 6 performs a process of increasing the centrifugal force (G) by one step. That is, when the torque value exceeds the torque lower limit limit value and is less than the torque lower limit set value, since the sludge pressing process is insufficient, the centrifugal force (G) is increased by one stage to promote the pressing process. .
- the time condition of the differential speed movable upper limit continuing state of the differential speed ( ⁇ N) when the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) is increased may be changed depending on whether the speed is increased by one stage or two stages.
- the control device 6 determines that the state in which the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is at the differential speed movable upper limit value continues for 15 minutes (illustrated) (Act 10: YES), as shown in 2- of FIG.
- the torque value exceeds the torque lower limit limit and is less than the torque lower limit set value (Act 11: NO)
- the centrifugal force (G) that is one step higher than the current centrifugal force (G) is read from the memory
- a process of increasing the set value of the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G) from 1000G to 1100G by one step is performed.
- control device 6 reads various values of the rotational speed (N) and the differential speed ( ⁇ N) corresponding to the new set value of the centrifugal force (G) from the memory.
- the control device 6 drives the decanter 1 on the basis of these read new various set values such as the set value of the magnitude of the centrifugal force (G).
- the control device 6 determines that the differential speed ( ⁇ N) deviates from the differential speed movable upper limit value within a certain time. Since the torque value can be converged to a range of the torque target set value higher than the torque lower limit set value as indicated by 2-3 in FIG. 6A by the control of ⁇ N), the centrifugal force (G) Continue driving without changing the size of.
- the torque value when the torque value is below the torque lower limit set value and the state where the differential speed ( ⁇ N) is at the differential speed movable upper limit value continues for a certain period of time, the torque value is Since the change level of centrifugal force (G) can be changed, sludge can be treated stably.
- the level at which the centrifugal force (G) is changed is changed according to the value of the torque value, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the differential speed (N) is the differential speed movable lower limit value. If the torque value exceeds the torque upper limit set value for a certain period of time, the centrifugal force (G) level may always be lowered by one step regardless of the torque value. Further, when the differential speed (N) is at the differential speed movable upper limit value for a certain period of time and the torque value is less than the torque lower limit set value, the centrifugal force (G) is always maintained regardless of the torque value. You may implement the process which raises a level only one step.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本実施形態に従うデカンタ1は、図1に示すように、固形物出口21と分離液出口22のそれぞれが下方に形成されているケーシング2と、ケーシング2内に配置された回転筒状体をなすボウル3と、ボウル3内で遠心力が付与された固形物の搬送手段であるスクリューコンベア4を備えている。ボウル3は、例えばケーシング2に取付けられたベアリング等の軸受機構23によって支持され、スクリューコンベア4はコンベアベアリング(不図示)によって支持されており、ボウル3とスクリューコンベア4のそれぞれが独立して水平軸周りに回転可能となっている。
続いて、本実施形態に従うデカンタ1を用いて汚泥を遠心分離する動作について説明する。まず、駆動モータ24を起動し、ボウル3とスクリューコンベア4をそれぞれ所定の回転速度で回転させながら、汚泥と凝集剤をボウル3内に供給する。ボウル3の回転速度(N)の設定値、ボウル3とスクリューコンベア4の差速(ΔN)の差速可動上限値及び差速可動下限値は、遠心力(G)の設定値に基づいてそれぞれ決定される。一例として、供給する汚泥の濃度を予め分析し、分析結果に基づいて遠心力(G)の目標値(初期設定値)を決定し、オペレータが制御装置6に入力する。初期設定値は低めに設定しておき、自動制御によって適正な遠心力(G)に段階的に上げていくのが好ましい。初期設定値が入力された制御装置6は、初期設定値の遠心力(G)に対応する回転速度(N)の設定値と差速(ΔN)の差速可動上限値の情報と差速(ΔN)の差速可動下限値の情報とをメモリから読み出し、その回転速度(N)の設定値と差速(ΔN)の差速可動上限値と差速(ΔN)の差速可動下限値とを制御用の設定値に決定する。一例として、1600Gを初期設定値とした場合、回転速度(N)の設定値は1792min-1であり、差速(ΔN)の差速可動上限値は3.5min-1であり、差速(△N)の差速可動下限値は4.5min-1である。ボウルの回転速度(N)は、ボウル速度計が計測する回転速度が設定値と同じになるように駆動モータ24をインバータ制御する。一方、差速については、トルク出力に基づいて制御する。汚泥の供給量は、一例として2~50m3/hとすることができる。凝集剤の添加量は、添加する凝集剤の種類、汚泥の性状や反応性などに基づいて調整することができる。
第1実施形態では、ボウル3の遠心力(G)の大きさをスクリューコンベア4の搬送トルクの変化に応じて制御した。本実施形態では、ボウル3の遠心力(G)の大きさを搬送トルクの変化に加えて、スクリューコンベア4とボウル3との差速(ΔN)の変化に応じて制御することで、より被処理液の性状に対応して安定操業可能な、かつ省エネルギー可能な運転となっている。本実施形態では、デカンタ1の構成は第1実施形態と同様であるため、説明を繰り返さない。
差速(△N)=(N1-N2)/X・・・・・・・・・(1)
なる算出式から導出することができる。
まず、デカンタ1の起動方法について説明する。オペレータは、ボウル3に供給する汚泥の濃度を予め分析し、分析結果に基づいて遠心力(G)の目標値(初期設定値)を決定する。制御装置6は、遠心力(G)の初期設定値のオペレータによる入力を受け付ける(Act1)。本実施形態では、遠心力(G)の初期設定値を1000Gに設定したものとする。
2 ケーシング
3 ボウル
4 スクリューコンベア
5 供給ノズル
6 制御装置
Claims (8)
- 被処理液に遠心力を付与して固形物と液とを遠心分離するボウルと、前記ボウル内の固形物を排出口に向けて搬送するスクリューコンベアと、前記ボウルを回転させる駆動モータと、前記スクリューコンベアが前記ボウルと相対的な差速をもって回転するようにする差速発生装置と、を備えた遠心分離装置であって、
前記スクリューコンベアの搬送トルクの変化に応じて前記ボウルの遠心力の大きさを自動制御する制御装置を備えたことを特徴とする遠心分離装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記搬送トルクの目標設定値の範囲の情報を有し、遠心分離実行時の搬送トルクが目標設定値の範囲に納まるように前記ボウルの遠心力の大きさを段階的に変えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の遠心分離装置。
- 前記目標設定値の範囲は、上限値と下限値との差が0.5kgf-mに設定されており、前記搬送トルクがこの範囲内に納まるように前記ボウルの遠心力の大きさを段階的に変えることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の遠心分離装置。
- 前記ボウルの遠心力は、100G間隔で段階的に変えることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の遠心分離装置。
- 前記制御装置は、段階的に変えられる遠心力の各々に対応付けた差速可動上限値の情報と差速可動下限値の情報とをさらに有し、前記ボウルの遠心力の大きさを段階的に変えるときに変更後の前記ボウルの遠心力に対応する差速可動上限値及び差速可動下限値に設定することを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載の遠心分離装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記ボウルの遠心力を上昇させる動作を開始してから変更後の遠心力となるまでの間、前記ボウルへの被処理液の供給を停止する制御を実行することを特徴とする請求項2~5のいずれか1項に記載の遠心分離装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記搬送トルクのトルク目標設定値の範囲の情報、前記差速の差速可動範囲の情報を有し、遠心分離実行時の前記搬送トルクが前記トルク目標設定値の範囲外にあり、かつ、差速が差速可動範囲の限界値である差速可動上限値又は差速可動下限値にある状態が一定時間継続する場合には、前記搬送トルクをトルク目標設定値の範囲に収める方向に、前記ボウルの遠心力の大きさを段階的に変えることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の遠心分離装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記トルク目標設定値の範囲よりも広いトルク限界値の範囲の情報を有し、
遠心分離実行時の前記搬送トルクが前記トルク目標設定値の上限設定値と前記トルク限界値の上限値であるトルク上限限界値との間であって、かつ、前記差速が前記差速可動下限値にある状態が一定時間継続した場合には、遠心力を下げる第1の遠心力低下処理を行い、
遠心分離実行時の前記搬送トルクが前記トルク上限限界値以上であって、かつ、前記差速が前記差速可動下限値にある状態が一定時間継続した場合には、前記第1の遠心力低下処理よりも大きく遠心力を下げる第2の遠心力低下処理を行い、
遠心分離実行時の前記搬送トルクが前記トルク目標設定値の下限設定値と前記トルク限界値の下限値であるトルク下限限界値との間であって、かつ、前記差速が前記差速可動上限値にある状態が一定時間継続した場合には、遠心力を上げる第1の遠心力増加処理を行い、
遠心分離実行時の前記搬送トルクが前記下限限界値以下であって、かつ、前記差速が前記差速可動上限値にある状態が一定時間継続した場合には、第1の遠心力増加処理よりも大きく遠心力を上げる第2の遠心力増加処理を行うことを、特徴とする請求項7に記載の遠心分離装置。
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JP5442099B2 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
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