WO2013179942A1 - 還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013179942A1 WO2013179942A1 PCT/JP2013/064033 JP2013064033W WO2013179942A1 WO 2013179942 A1 WO2013179942 A1 WO 2013179942A1 JP 2013064033 W JP2013064033 W JP 2013064033W WO 2013179942 A1 WO2013179942 A1 WO 2013179942A1
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- agglomerate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/08—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in hearth-type furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
- C21B13/105—Rotary hearth-type furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a mixture of reduced iron and slag by heating an agglomerate containing a substance containing iron oxide and titanium oxide and a carbonaceous material.
- the following methods (1) to (3) are known as iron production methods for producing reduced iron from iron oxide-containing substances such as iron ore.
- the agglomerate obtained by mixing and agglomerating iron ore and carbonaceous material (solid reducing material) is supplied to a moving hearth furnace (rotary hearth) and heated at about 1300 ° C.
- the agglomerate obtained by mixing and agglomerating iron ore and carbonaceous material is supplied to a moving hearth furnace and heated to about 1450 ° C. to melt the reduced iron.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 As such a method for producing reduced iron, for example, the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 4 are known.
- Patent Document 1 describes that iron ore is directly reduced and pulverized, iron and gangue are separated, and then both are further pulverized to recover iron from each.
- CO gas or H 2 gas can be used as the reducing gas
- the heating temperature should be 700-1200 ° C
- the crushing can use a roll crusher or the like that can extend metallic iron into pieces
- separation of iron and gangue Describes the combination of separation with a 20 mesh sieve (aperture 0.83 mm) and magnetic separation.
- Patent Document 2 a mixture containing an iron raw material and coal is heated and reduced in a high-temperature atmosphere, the obtained reduced iron is pulverized, and then the particle size is selected with a predetermined particle size as a boundary. .
- the particle size sorter separates and sorts the particles into particles having an average particle size exceeding 100 ⁇ m and particles having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- Reduced iron particles having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less are separated into strong magnetic particles containing a large amount of iron and weak magnetic particles having a small amount of iron by magnetic force, and reduced iron particles exceeding the predetermined particle size subjected to particle size selection,
- the ferromagnetic deposit particles are used as reduced iron.
- weakly magnetized particles are low in iron content and high in slag content, so they are reused as cement or asphalt. Therefore, in the said patent document 2, it does not consider at all about isolate
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 are known.
- Patent Document 3 a carbon-containing pellet composed of a plurality of types of dust and carbon material is produced, and this is subjected to reduction treatment at a temperature of 1250 to 1350 ° C. in a rotary hearth-type firing furnace, The dust inside the pellets is reduced by the carbonaceous material, and the metallic iron particles aggregated by the intra-granular mass transfer are metallically separated from the low melting point slag containing FeO generated from the dust gangue using the action of metallic separation.
- a method for producing high-grade reduced iron from iron-making dust that extracts iron particles to produce high-grade granular reduced iron is described.
- Patent Document 4 a carbon-containing pellet composed of iron ore and a carbonaceous material is manufactured, reduced in a rotary hearth-type firing furnace at a temperature of 1250 to 1350 ° C., and then the furnace temperature is set to 1400 to A method is described in which high temperature granular metallic iron is obtained by raising the temperature to 1500 ° C. to melt and agglomerating metallic iron.
- some of the iron ores contain useful non-ferrous metal oxides such as titanium oxide in addition to iron oxide.
- a raw material mixture containing titanium oxide, iron oxide, and carbonaceous reducing agent is heated in a rotary hearth furnace to reduce iron oxide in the mixture, and then reduced iron is obtained.
- a method for producing a titanium oxide-containing slag in which the reduced iron is further melted and separated from the titanium oxide-containing slag, and the resulting titanium oxide-containing slag is discharged out of the furnace and recovered.
- the present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-described circumstances, and the object thereof is to provide a mixture of reduced iron and slag obtained in a semi-molten state in which the agglomerates are not completely melted.
- the object is to provide a technique capable of improving the separability.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method in which titanium oxide-containing slag having a high titanium oxide concentration can be used as a metal titanium raw material by recovering titanium oxide as slag.
- the method for producing a mixture of reduced iron and slag according to the present invention that can solve the above-mentioned problems is a mass of a material containing iron oxide and titanium oxide, and a raw material mixture in which a carbon material is further blended with a melting point regulator. It has a gist in that it includes a step of forming, and a step of heating so that a part of the obtained agglomerate melts and reducing iron oxide contained in the agglomerate in this order. .
- the said subject is the process of agglomerating the raw material mixture which mix
- the melting point adjusting agent contains at least a CaO supply substance, and the amount of the CaO supply substance to be blended in the agglomerate is determined from the basicity of slag determined from the CaO amount and the SiO 2 amount in the agglomerate ( It is preferable to control CaO / SiO 2 ) in the range of 0.2 to 0.9.
- the CaO feed material for example, CaO, Ca (OH) 2, and it is preferable to blend at least one selected from the group consisting of CaCO 3.
- the melting amount of the gangue contained in the agglomerate at a temperature subtracted by 100 ° C. from the maximum temperature when the agglomerate is heated by adjusting the blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent is 55% by mass or more. It is preferable that The melting amount of the gangue may be determined based on the amounts of the five components CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and TiO 2 contained in the agglomerate.
- the heating of the agglomerate is such that the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is 55% by mass or more of the quinary oxide amount. It is preferable to carry out at the temperature which added 100 degreeC to the temperature used as above.
- iron ore containing 40 to 60% by mass of Fe is preferably used, and iron ore containing 7 to 20% by mass of TiO 2 is preferably used.
- the carbon material is preferably blended so that the amount of fixed carbon contained in the carbon material is ⁇ 5% by mass with respect to the amount of fixed carbon capable of reducing the iron oxide contained in the agglomerate.
- the agglomerate is preferably heated at 1200 to 1500 ° C., for example.
- a method for separating reduced iron and slag is also included.
- the present invention also includes non-magnetized substances and magnetized substances selected by the separation method described above, and the non-magnetized substances contain, for example, 40% by mass or more of TiO 2. , SiO 2 is suppressed to 8% by mass or less (not including 0% by mass).
- an agglomerate in which a substance containing iron oxide and titanium oxide and a carbonaceous material is further blended with a melting point adjusting agent (excluding those affecting the melting point of iron) is prepared, and this agglomerate is prepared.
- a mixture in which reduced iron and slag are mixed in a separated state (hereinafter sometimes referred to as reduced pellets) can be produced by heating so that a part of the molten iron is melted and not completely melted.
- the obtained mixture can be easily separated into reduced iron and slag by, for example, pulverization and magnetic separation, and each can be used for a desired application.
- reduced iron is mainly separated on the magnetized material side, and titanium oxide is separated on the non-magnetized material side as slag. Therefore, according to the present invention, reduced iron and titanium oxide can be easily separated. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to separate and recover titanium oxide as a useful non-ferrous metal oxide in addition to reduced iron.
- the blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent is adjusted so that the melting amount of the gangue contained in the agglomerate is not less than a predetermined amount, or (b )
- the heating temperature of the agglomerate is selected. It has also been clarified that reduced iron can be produced using iron ore containing iron oxide and titanium oxide that has not been used.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the heating temperature T and the non-magnetization rate.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide at a temperature lower than the heating temperature T by 100 ° C. (T-100 ° C.) and the non-magnetization rate. It is a graph which shows.
- the present inventors have used as a raw material a substance containing iron oxide and titanium oxide that has been rarely used in the past (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an iron oxide-containing substance). Separation when a mixture of reduced iron and slag obtained by heating the agglomerate containing the material to melt partly and not completely melt into separated iron and slag We have been intensively studying to improve the performance. As a result, if a melting point adjusting agent is further added to the mixture of the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous material, the separation pellets obtained by heating the agglomerate can be separated into reduced iron and slag. As a result, the present invention was completed.
- the present inventors have clarified that the following means (a) and (b) are effective for better separating reduced iron and slag.
- (A) When the heating temperature T when heating the agglomerate is determined, melting of the gangue contained in the agglomerate at a temperature subtracted 100 ° C. from the maximum temperature when heating the agglomerate The blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent (for example, CaO supply substance) is adjusted so that the amount becomes 55% by mass or more.
- the heating temperature T for heating the agglomerate is not determined, the agglomerate is added to the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary contained in the agglomerate. It heats at the temperature which added 100 degreeC to the temperature from which the fusion
- reduced iron and slag are mixed by heating and reducing the agglomerate containing the iron oxide-containing substance, the carbonaceous material, and the melting point modifier to a partially molten state.
- reduced pellets are reduced pellets in a state that can be easily separated into reduced iron and slag, and it has been found that the reduced pellets can be separated into reduced iron and slag by processing such as pulverization and magnetic separation.
- processing such as pulverization and magnetic separation.
- a step of agglomerating a raw material mixture in which a melting point modifier is further blended with a substance containing iron oxide or the like and a carbonaceous material (hereinafter referred to as an agglomeration step); It is important to include, in this order, a step of heating so that a part of the obtained agglomerate melts and reducing iron oxide contained in the agglomerate (hereinafter referred to as a heating step).
- the iron oxide contained in the agglomerate is heated by heating the agglomerate at a temperature equal to or higher than a temperature at which a part of the obtained agglomerate melts and less than a temperature at which it completely melts. It can be reduced.
- a material containing iron oxide and titanium oxide (containing material such as iron oxide) and a carbon material further blended with a melting point adjusting agent are used as a raw material mixture.
- the above melting point modifier means a substance that affects the melting point of components other than iron oxide (especially gangue) contained in the agglomerate, excluding substances that affect the melting point of iron (for example, carbon). To do. That is, by blending a melting point modifier as the raw material mixture, the melting point of components (particularly gangue) other than iron oxide contained in the agglomerate is affected, and for example, the melting point can be lowered.
- the melting point adjusting agent it is preferable to use one containing at least a CaO supply substance.
- the CaO supply substance include at least one selected from the group consisting of CaO (quick lime), Ca (OH) 2 (slaked lime), CaCO 3 (limestone), and CaMg (CO 3 ) 2 (dolomite). It is preferable to do.
- the melting point adjusting agent only the CaO supply substance may be used, or in addition to the CaO supply substance, for example, an MgO supply substance, an Al 2 O 3 supply substance, a SiO 2 supply substance, or the like can be used. .
- MgO, Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 are also substances that affect the melting point of components (particularly gangue) other than iron oxide contained in the agglomerate, similar to CaO.
- MgO supply substance it is preferable to blend at least one selected from the group consisting of MgO powder, Mg-containing substance extracted from natural ore or seawater, and MgCO 3 , for example.
- Al 2 O 3 supply substance for example, Al 2 O 3 powder, bauxite, boehmite, gibbsite, diaspore and the like are preferably blended.
- SiO 2 supply substance for example, SiO 2 powder or silica sand can be used.
- the amount of CaO supply substance to be blended in the agglomerate is adjusted, and the basicity of slag (CaO / C) obtained from the CaO amount (% by mass) and the SiO 2 amount (% by mass) in the agglomerate. It is preferable to adjust so that SiO 2 ) is in the range of 0.2 to 0.9.
- the basicity of the slag within this range, the melting point of the gangue (especially CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide) contained in the agglomerate is lowered. Can be made.
- the basicity of the slag is more preferably 0.3 or more, and still more preferably 0.35 or more.
- the basicity of the slag is more preferably 0.8 or less, and still more preferably 0.7 or less.
- the substance containing iron oxide or the like is a substance containing iron oxide and titanium oxide.
- the substance containing iron oxide include iron ore (for example, titanomagnetite ore), sand iron, iron making dust, non-ferrous refining residue, iron making waste, and the like.
- iron oxide-containing material for example, iron ore containing 40 to 60% by mass of Fe can be used.
- iron oxide-containing material for example, iron ore containing 7 to 20% by mass of TiO 2 can be used.
- an agglomerate is produced by agglomerating a raw material mixture containing a substance containing iron oxide or the like, a carbon material, and a melting point modifier. Then, this agglomerate is heated to a semi-molten state in which a part of the agglomerate is melted, so that the ash content in the carbonaceous material and the melting point modifier are used as a flux and melted in the agglomerate. Partial production of slag, aggregation of reduced iron can be achieved, and reduced iron can be produced in a short time.
- the FeO when heating an agglomerate containing a substance containing iron oxide or the like, a carbonaceous material, and a melting point modifier as in the present invention, the FeO remains even if FeO—SiO 2 -based molten slag is generated in the agglomerate. It reacts with the carbon contained in the nearby carbonaceous material, and reduced iron is quickly produced. Therefore, in the agglomerate, reduced iron and gangue such as SiO 2 are generated separately, so even if reduced iron and slag are mixed, the gangue is easily crushed by crushing them. It can be separated into reduced iron and slag. At this time, since titanium oxide is recovered as slag, it can be easily separated from reduced iron.
- reduced iron can also be produced by a method of reducing calcined pellets containing iron ore with a reducing gas in a shaft furnace at about 1000 ° C. as in the method (1) described above, but this method exceeds 1200 ° C.
- the heating temperature needs to be 1200 ° C. or less.
- the heating is performed at 1200 ° C. or less, the reduced iron and the gangue are difficult to be pulverized and separated because the agglomeration of the reduced iron becomes insufficient even if the heating time is increased.
- the carbon material used in the present invention for example, coal or coke can be used.
- the carbonaceous material should just contain the fixed carbon of the quantity which can reduce the iron oxide contained in the said agglomerate.
- the amount of fixed carbon contained in the carbon material may be within a range of ⁇ 5% by mass with respect to the amount of fixed carbon that can reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate.
- the agglomerate may contain a binder or the like as a component other than the iron oxide-containing material, the carbonaceous material, and the melting point modifier.
- a binder for example, a polysaccharide (for example, starch such as corn starch or wheat flour) can be used.
- the above-mentioned substances such as iron oxide, carbonaceous material, and melting point adjusting agent are pulverized in advance before mixing.
- the iron oxide-containing substance has, for example, an average particle size of 10 to 60 ⁇ m
- the carbonaceous material has, for example, an average particle size of 10-60 ⁇ m
- the melting point adjuster has, for example, an average particle size of It is recommended to grind to 5 to 90 ⁇ m.
- the method for pulverizing the above-described substances such as iron oxide is not particularly limited, and a known method can be employed, for example, a vibration mill, a roll crusher, a ball mill, or the like may be used.
- a rotating container mixer or a fixed container mixer can be used.
- a rotary container type mixer for example, a rotary cylinder type, double cone type, V type mixer or the like can be used.
- a fixed container mixer for example, a mixer provided with rotating blades (for example, a bowl) in a mixing tank can be used.
- Examples of the agglomerating machine for agglomerating the raw material mixture include a plate granulator (disk granulator), a drum granulator (cylindrical granulator), and a twin roll briquette molding machine. Can be used.
- the shape of the agglomerate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a lump shape, a granular shape, a briquette shape, a pellet shape, a rod shape, or the like, preferably a pellet shape or a briquette shape.
- Heating process it is important to heat so that a part of the agglomerate obtained in the agglomeration step is melted to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate. That is, it is important to heat the agglomerate at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which a part of the agglomerate melts and less than the temperature at which it completely melts. Specifically, if the agglomerate is supplied to a heating furnace and heated in a temperature range of, for example, 1200 to 1500 ° C., iron oxide contained in the agglomerate is reduced with a carbon material to produce reduced iron. Good.
- This temperature range is a temperature at which a part of the components melts in the agglomerate, but the melt does not leak out so that the shape of the agglomerate is maintained and the entire agglomerate is not melted.
- the heating of the agglomerate causes the melting amount (melt amount) of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerate to It is preferable to carry out at the temperature which added 100 degreeC to the temperature used as 55 mass% or more of the amount of original system oxides. That is, when the component composition of the agglomerate is determined, the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is the quinary system.
- the melting amount of the above ternary oxide can be calculated using thermodynamic database software.
- FactSage 6.2 manufactured by Thermfacts and GTT-Technologies
- thermodynamic databases FAST53 and FToxide were used.
- the heating furnace a known furnace may be used, for example, a moving hearth type heating furnace may be used.
- the moving hearth type heating furnace is a heating furnace in which the hearth moves in the furnace like a belt conveyor, and specifically, a rotary hearth furnace can be exemplified.
- the rotary hearth furnace is designed in a circular shape (donut shape) so that the start point and end point of the hearth are in the same position, and the agglomerate supplied on the hearth is Is reduced by heating to make reduced iron.
- the rotary hearth furnace is provided with charging means for supplying the agglomerate into the furnace on the most upstream side in the rotation direction, and the most downstream side in the rotation direction (since it is a rotating structure, Discharging means is provided immediately upstream of the means).
- reduced pellets obtained by heating the agglomerates in a semi-molten state in a furnace contain reduced iron particles having an average particle diameter of about 1 ⁇ m to 3 mm.
- the average particle diameter of the granular metallic iron obtained by completely melting the agglomerate in the furnace as in the methods (2) and (3) is about 8 mm or more.
- the reduced pellets (mixture of reduced iron and slag) obtained in the heating step may be pulverized to a diameter of 8 mm or less (excluding 0 mm), and the obtained pulverized product may be magnetically separated.
- said titanium oxide can be collect
- the size when the reduced pellets are pulverized exceeds 8 mm in diameter, when magnetically separated, slag is mixed on the magnetized material side, or reduced iron is mixed on the non-magnetized material side, and reduced iron and slag are mixed. Separation is poor. Accordingly, the size when the reduced pellets are pulverized is preferably 8 mm or less in diameter.
- a known method can be adopted, and for example, a vibration mill, a roll crusher, a ball mill, a roller mill, etc. may be used.
- a method for magnetically separating the pulverized product a known method can be employed.
- the amount of SiO 2 contained in the magnetized product is 8% by mass or less, and the amount of TiO 2 contained in the non-magnetized product is 40% by mass or more.
- the gangue contained in the agglomerate at a temperature obtained by subtracting 100 ° C. from the heating temperature T is used. It is preferable to adjust the blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent so that the melting amount is 55% by mass or more of the gangue amount. That is, when the heating temperature T of the agglomerate is determined, the melting point of the components contained in the agglomerate should be adjusted in advance using a melting point adjusting agent so that the amount of melting during heating increases. Is preferred. And, when the agglomerate is heated, the mass of the gangue at a temperature subtracted 100 ° C.
- the melting amount of the gangue may be determined based on the amount of five components of CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and TiO 2 among the gangue included in the agglomerate. .
- Example 1 The raw material mixture containing the iron ore, the carbonaceous material, and the melting point adjusting agent having the composition shown in Table 1 below is agglomerated, and the obtained agglomerate is heated in an electric furnace to produce a mixture of reduced iron and slag (reduced pellets). Manufactured.
- T.W. Fe means the total amount of iron.
- the carbon material a carbon material having a fixed carbon of ⁇ 2 mol% with respect to the number of moles of oxygen bound as iron oxide contained in the iron ore (that is, included in the agglomerate).
- the amount of fixed carbon contained in the carbonaceous material was ⁇ 2% by mass) with respect to the amount of fixed carbon capable of reducing iron oxide.
- limestone (CaCO 3 ) and silica stone were blended.
- a raw material mixture containing iron ore having the composition shown in Table 1 below, a carbonaceous material, and a melting point modifier was further mixed with a binder, and agglomerated by rolling granulation to produce an agglomerate having a diameter of 19 mm.
- a binder wheat flour was blended.
- Table 2 below shows the component composition of the agglomerate after drying.
- the agglomerates a shown in Table 2 below have the highest melting point of slag produced as a by-product when iron oxide is reduced during heating by adjusting the basicity (CaO / SiO 2 ) of the agglomerates. This is an example in which the component composition is adjusted to be low.
- the agglomerates b shown in Table 2 below are components so that the melting point of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerates is lowest. This is an adjusted example.
- T.M. C represents the total carbon content
- CaO / SiO 2 represents the basicity
- CaO + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + MgO means the amount of gangue.
- [TiO 2 / (CaO + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + MgO + TiO 2 )] ⁇ 100 means the titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) concentration in the slag component.
- the obtained agglomerate was charged into an electric furnace and heated for 18 minutes to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate.
- the heating temperature T in the electric furnace was 1300 ° C., 1350 ° C., or 1400 ° C., and the atmosphere in the electric furnace was adjusted to an N 2 gas atmosphere.
- the reduction of iron oxide slag was by-produced, and a mixture of reduced iron and slag (reduced pellets) was obtained.
- the obtained reduced pellets were pulverized with a vibration mill so as to have a diameter of 3 mm or less, and then magnetized and separated into a magnetized product and a non-magnetized product using a magnet.
- a 2000 gauss magnet was used, the magnetic force at the sample position was adjusted from 200 gauss to 500 gauss, and the magnetic adhesion operation was repeated to perform magnetic separation.
- Table 3 shows the component compositions of the magnetically adsorbed material and the non-magnetically adsorbed material obtained by magnetic separation. Note that M.M. Fe indicates the amount of metallic iron.
- Table 3 shows the ratios of the magnetic and non-magnetic products obtained by magnetic separation, the metallization rate (MetFe), the total amount of CaO + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 + MgO, and the Ti recovery rate.
- Ti recovery rate as a magnetic deposit (Ti amount contained in magnetic deposit / Ti amount contained in agglomerate) ⁇ 100
- Ti recovery rate as non-magnetic product (Ti amount contained in non-magnetic product / Ti content contained in agglomerate) ⁇ 100
- the raw material mixture containing the iron ore, carbonaceous material, and melting point modifier used in Experimental Example 1 was further mixed with a binder, and CaO and SiO 2 were added. Agglomerates c and d having different gangue amounts of ⁇ 19 mm were produced.
- the carbon material a carbon material having a fixed carbon of ⁇ 2 mol% with respect to the number of moles of oxygen bound as iron oxide contained in the iron ore (that is, included in the agglomerate).
- the amount of fixed carbon contained in the carbonaceous material was ⁇ 2% by mass) with respect to the amount of fixed carbon capable of reducing iron oxide.
- limestone (CaCO 3 ) and silica stone were blended as in Experimental Example 1.
- As the binder as in Experimental Example 1, wheat flour was blended.
- the obtained agglomerate was charged into an electric furnace and heated for 18 minutes to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate, thereby producing a mixture of reduced iron and slag (reduced pellets).
- the heating temperature T in the electric furnace was 1300 ° C, 1350 ° C, or 1400 ° C.
- the atmosphere in the electric furnace was an N 2 gas atmosphere (N 2 gas 100% by volume).
- TLT A value obtained by subtracting T (TLT) was calculated and is also shown in Table 4 below.
- T is a negative value
- the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide at a temperature lower than the heating temperature T by 100 ° C. (T-100 ° C.) was calculated using the “FactSage”. The results are also shown in Table 4 below. In Table 4 below, as a reference value, the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 ternary oxide at a temperature lower than the heating temperature T by 50 ° C. (T-50 ° C.) is shown. The calculated results are also shown.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the heating temperature T and the non-magnetization rate.
- the results of 7 to 9 are shown.
- 10 to 12 results are shown.
- the temperature obtained by adding 100 ° C. to the temperature [LT 55 (° C.)] at which the melting amount (melt generation amount) is 55% by mass that is, for Nos. 7 to 9) It can be seen that by heating to 1400 ° C. and No. 10 to 12 for 1350 ° C. or more, reduced iron and slag begin to separate and the non-magnetization rate increases (No. 9, 11, 12).
- FIG. 2 shows the melting amount of the ternary oxide of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO—TiO 2 at a temperature lower than the heating temperature T by 100 ° C. (T-100 ° C.), and the non-magnetization rate. The relationship is shown.
- the results of Nos. 7-9 are ⁇ , No.
- the results of 10 to 12 are indicated by ⁇ .
- the present invention by heating so that a part of the agglomerate is melted, the separability of reduced iron and slag is improved, and the reduced iron and titanium oxide can be separated and recovered efficiently. Moreover, according to this invention, reduced iron can be collect
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Abstract
Description
(1)鉄鉱石を主原料として焼き固められた焼成ペレットをシャフト炉内で約1000℃に加熱して還元ガスによって焼成ペレットに含まれる酸化鉄を還元する方法。
(2)鉄鉱石と炭材(固体還元材)とを混合して塊成化した塊成物を移動炉床炉(ロータリーハース)に供給して約1300℃で加熱し、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元する方法。
(3)鉄鉱石と炭材とを混合して塊成化した塊成物を移動炉床炉に供給して約1450℃まで加熱して還元鉄を溶融させ、このとき金属鉄と副生するスラグとの表面張力の差などにより還元鉄とスラグに分離する方法。
(a)塊成物を加熱するときの加熱温度Tが決まっている場合は、該塊成物を加熱するときの最高温度より100℃引いた温度における該塊成物に含まれる脈石の溶融量が55質量%以上となるように、上記融点調整剤(例えば、CaO供給物質など)の配合量を調整する。
(b)塊成物を加熱するときの加熱温度Tが決まっていない場合は、上記塊成物を、該塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2五元系酸化物の溶融量が、該五元系酸化物量の55質量%以上となる温度に100℃を加えた温度で加熱する。
本発明の塊成化工程では、酸化鉄および酸化チタンを含有する物質(酸化鉄等含有物質)と、炭材に、更に融点調整剤を配合したものを原料混合物として用いている。上記融点調整剤とは、鉄の融点に影響する物質(例えば、炭素など)は除くこととし、塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄以外の成分(特に、脈石)の融点に影響する物質を意味する。即ち、上記原料混合物として融点調整剤を配合することによって、塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄以外の成分(特に、脈石)の融点に影響を与え、例えばその融点を降下させることができる。それにより脈石の溶融が促進され、溶融スラグを形成する。このとき酸化鉄の一部は溶融スラグに溶解し、溶融スラグ中で還元されて金属鉄となる。溶融スラグ中で生成した金属鉄は、固体のまま還元された金属鉄と接触することにより、固体の還元鉄として凝集する。このようにして本発明では、還元鉄とスラグの混合物が得られる。
本発明の加熱工程では、上記塊成化工程で得られた塊成物の一部が溶融するように加熱し、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元することが重要である。即ち、塊成物の一部が溶融する温度以上であって、完全に溶融する温度未満で上記塊成物を加熱することが重要である。具体的には、加熱炉に上記塊成物を供給し、例えば、1200~1500℃の温度域で加熱し、塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を炭材で還元して還元鉄を製造すればよい。この温度域は、塊成物内で成分の一部は溶融するが、融液の染み出しは少なく、塊成物の形状を保って塊成物全体は溶融しない温度である。この温度域で加熱することによって還元鉄と、脈石に起因するスラグ等が内部に混在した還元ペレットが得られる。
本発明では、上記加熱工程において、上記塊成物を加熱するときの最高温度をT(℃)としたとき、この加熱温度Tより100℃引いた温度における該塊成物に含まれる脈石の溶融量が、該脈石量の55質量%以上となるように上記融点調整剤の配合量を調整することが好ましい。即ち、上記塊成物の加熱温度Tが決まっている場合には、加熱時に溶融量が多くなるように塊成物に含まれる成分の融点を、融点調整剤を用いて予め調整しておくことが好ましい。そして、塊成物を加熱したときに、該塊成物に含まれる脈石の55質量%以上が確実に溶融するように、加熱時の最高温度Tよりも100℃引いた温度における脈石の溶融量を基準として上記融点調整剤を配合して塊成物の成分調整を行えばよい。
下記表1に示す成分組成の鉄鉱石、炭材、および融点調整剤を含む原料混合物を塊成化し、得られた塊成物を電気炉で加熱し、還元鉄とスラグの混合物(還元ペレット)を製造した。下記表1において、T.Feは、全鉄量を意味している。
MetFe(%)=[金属鉄量(M.Fe)]/[全鉄量(T.Fe)]×100
磁着物としてのTi回収率(%)=(磁着物に含まれるTi量/塊成物に含まれるTi量)×100
非磁着物としてのTi回収率(%)=(非磁着物に含まれるTi量/塊成物に含まれるTi量)×100
実験例2では、塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2五元系酸化物の溶融量と、電気炉における加熱温度Tが、磁選分離の結果に及ぼす影響を調べた。
Claims (14)
- 酸化鉄および酸化チタンを含有する物質と、炭材に、更に融点調整剤を配合した原料混合物を塊成化する工程と、
得られた塊成物の一部が溶融するように加熱し、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元する工程と
をこの順で含むことを特徴とする還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法。 - 酸化鉄および酸化チタンを含有する物質と、炭材に、更に融点調整剤を配合した原料混合物を塊成化する工程と、
得られた塊成物の一部が溶融する温度以上であって、完全に溶融する温度未満で前記塊成物を加熱することにより、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元する工程と
をこの順で含むことを特徴とする還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法。 - 前記融点調整剤は少なくともCaO供給物質を含み、前記塊成物に配合するCaO供給物質の量を、該塊成物中のCaO量およびSiO2量から求められるスラグの塩基度(CaO/SiO2)が0.2~0.9となるように調整する請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記CaO供給物質として、CaO、Ca(OH)2、およびCaCO3よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つを配合する請求項3に記載の製造方法。
- 前記融点調整剤の配合量を調整し、前記塊成物を加熱するときの最高温度より100℃引いた温度における該塊成物に含まれる脈石の溶融量を55質量%以上とする請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記脈石の前記溶融量は、前記塊成物に含まれるCaO、SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、およびTiO2の五成分の量に基づいて決定される請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記塊成物の加熱は、該塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-TiO2五元系酸化物の溶融量が、該五元系酸化物量の55質量%以上となる温度に100℃を加えた温度で行う請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記酸化鉄および酸化チタンを含有する物質として、Feを40~60質量%含有する鉄鉱石を用いる請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記酸化鉄および酸化チタンを含有する物質として、TiO2を7~20質量%含有する鉄鉱石を用いる請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記炭材に含まれる固定炭素量が前記塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元できる固定炭素量に対して±5質量%となるように、前記炭材を配合する請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記塊成物の加熱は、1200~1500℃で行う請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の製造方法で得られた還元鉄とスラグの混合物を直径8mm以下(0mmを含まない)に粉砕する工程と、
得られた粉砕物を磁選分離する工程と
をこの順で含むことを特徴とする還元鉄とスラグの分離方法。 - 請求項12に記載の分離方法で選別された非磁着物であって、該非磁着物は、TiO2を40質量%以上含有することを特徴とする非磁着物。
- 請求項12に記載の分離方法で選別された磁着物であって、該磁着物は、SiO2を8質量%以下(0質量%を含まない)含有することを特徴とする磁着物。
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