WO2013170560A1 - 一种机器人驱动结构 - Google Patents
一种机器人驱动结构 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013170560A1 WO2013170560A1 PCT/CN2012/081572 CN2012081572W WO2013170560A1 WO 2013170560 A1 WO2013170560 A1 WO 2013170560A1 CN 2012081572 W CN2012081572 W CN 2012081572W WO 2013170560 A1 WO2013170560 A1 WO 2013170560A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- arm
- robot
- base
- driving
- flexible rigging
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
- B25J9/046—Revolute coordinate type
- B25J9/047—Revolute coordinate type the pivoting axis of the first arm being offset to the vertical axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0008—Balancing devices
- B25J19/002—Balancing devices using counterweights
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/104—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements with cables, chains or ribbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drive structure in the field of mechanical technology, and more particularly to an articulated robot drive structure.
- the articulated robot driving structure is widely used due to the flexibility of its motion, and becomes the main form of the robot-driven mechanical structure.
- the articulated robot drive structure has the advantages of small motion inertia, low resistance, and many posture changes. It is widely used in palletizing, handling, welding and spraying.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a prior art robot.
- the articulated robot driving structure mainly comprises: a rotatable base 1, a first section arm 2 whose one end is hinged to the base, and a second section arm 3 whose one end is hinged with the first section arm, and the other end of the second section arm 3 can
- the other movable arms or actuators are mounted, and the coordinated swing of the first section arm 2 and the second section arm 3 constitutes the extension and retraction of the robot and various posture changes.
- the above motion allows the end of the second arm 3 of the robot and the movable arm or actuator mounted thereon to reach the target position for the purpose of the work.
- the first section arm 2, the second section arm 3 and the other movable arms are collectively referred to as the robot arm of the robot drive structure.
- the distance from the farthest position that the robot arm of the robot drive structure can reach is the working radius of the robot; the maximum lifting weight of the robot arm span is called the load capacity.
- the above-mentioned existing articulated robot driving structure has the advantages of high flexibility, its structural form, especially the driving mode of the first arm 2 and the second arm 3, largely limits the load capacity of the robot and Working radius.
- the above-mentioned existing articulated robot is a typical drive
- the moving mode is:
- the swinging power of the first arm 2 is derived from the motor and the speed reducer of the hinge shaft portion of the base
- the driving power of the second arm 3 is derived from the motor and the deceleration of the hinge portion of the first arm 2 machine.
- the driving force of the existing articulated robot arm comes from its hinged pivot (ie, the root of the swing arm), and the point of action of the force is at the end of the swing arm, according to the principle of leverage.
- This type of drive requires a large amount of torque from the power unit.
- the gear unit has to withstand a large load, which also places high demands on the gear unit.
- this kind of structural arrangement causes the slight error of the power unit at the center to be amplified at the end of the swing arm, reducing the accuracy of the operation. That is to say, the structure and driving form of the existing articulated robot driving structure not only limits the load capacity and working radius of the robot driving structure, but also affects the positioning accuracy of the robot driving structure.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a robot driving structure which can expand the working ability (load capacity and working radius) and accuracy of the robot, and the structure can also be configured with non-energy-driven auxiliary driving power, saving driving power and energy consumption. .
- the present invention provides a robot driving structure including a base, a first pitch arm hinged to the base, a second pitch arm hinged to the first pitch arm, and at least two servo power devices, and further includes a driving wheel and a flexible rigging on the base, a servo power device between the base and the first arm or between the first arm and the second arm for driving the first arm to swing relative to the base Or the second arm swings relative to the first arm, the drive wheel is coupled to another servo power device, the flexible rigging is engaged with the drive wheel, and one end of the flexible rigging is coupled to the first or second arm or both The joints of the joint arms are connected, and the flexible rigging drives the first section arm and the second section arm to swing downward, and the two servo power devices jointly drive the first section arm and the second section arm to achieve coordinated movement. . It completes the combined movement of the robot arm by means of a power unit that combines the rigid connection drive of the robot arm and the flexible connection pull.
- the drive wheel is coupled to the base by a support arm that guides the flexible rigging to a point of attachment of the flexible rigging to the first or second knuckle.
- the support arm comprises a hollow column, the column is located on the base, and the column is provided with a weight connected to the flexible rigging.
- the other end of the flexible rigging is connected with a weight that provides an auxiliary driving force for the first and second pitch arms.
- the other end of the flexible rigging is connected to a cylinder or spring that provides an auxiliary driving force for the first arm and the second arm.
- the connecting portion of the flexible rigging and the robot arm can be at the distal end of the arm, away from the hinge rotation center, and close to the workpiece or the working mechanism, the force required is much smaller than the force required for driving near the axis.
- the driving force can be more directly applied to the working part, the flexible deformation of the robot arm and the flexible deformation have little influence on the position of the workpiece, and the accuracy of the work is improved; the flexibility of the robot arm is reduced due to the presence of the flexible rigging Deformation, the structural strength of the robot arm can be smaller, thereby reducing the self-weight of the robot and the energy consumed by the two booms in overcoming the self-weight during the movement, which is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly; the flexibility of the robot arm is reduced due to the presence of the flexible rigging And the weight of the arm, the arm length can be larger, thus expanding the working radius of the robot.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a prior art robot
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of a robot driving structure provided by the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view showing another embodiment of the robot driving structure provided by the present invention.
- the core of the invention is to provide a robot driving structure capable of Significantly increase the working radius and working accuracy when the energy consumption is small.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific embodiment of a robot driving structure provided by the present invention.
- Existing robotic drive structures typically include a base 101 and a mechanical arm pivotally mounted to the base 101.
- the mechanical arm includes a first section arm 102, a second section arm 103 and a third section arm 104 which are sequentially connected to each other.
- the self-rotating shaft of the base is referred to as a first shaft (not shown)
- the first arm 102 is pivotally mounted on the base 101
- the first arm 102 and the second arm 103 are hinged to each other.
- the fourth shaft 204 is provided with a motor and a speed reducer at the second shaft 202, the third shaft 203, and the fourth shaft 204, respectively, to provide motion and control forces for the robot drive structure.
- the swing of the first section arm 102 changes its angle with respect to the horizontal plane
- the swing of the second section arm 103 changes its angle with respect to the first section arm 102
- the angle between the first section arm 102 and the second section arm 103 of the robot produces a change in the attitude of the entire robot, which causes the robot's mechanical arm to expand and contract, thereby completing the transformation of the robot's working radius and height.
- the robot drive structure of the present invention includes a base 101, a first pitch arm 102 hinged to the base 101, a second pitch arm 103 hinged to the first pitch arm 102, a support arm on the base, and a flexible rigging 304.
- a first servo power device 105 is disposed between the base 101 and the first segment arm 102 or between the first segment arm 102 and the second segment arm 103.
- the support arm is provided with a driving wheel 302, and the driving wheel 302 is connected with a second
- the servo power device 307, the flexible rigging 304 meshes with the driving wheel 302.
- One end of the flexible rigging 304 is connected to the joint of the first section arm 102, the second section arm 103 or the two-section arm, and the flexible rigging 304 is at the driving wheel 302.
- Pulling the first section arm 102 and the second section arm 103 to swing, the first servo power unit 105 and the second servo power unit 307 receive an instruction action from a controller (not shown) to drive the first section.
- the arm 102 and the second pitch arm 103 achieve a coordinated motion, changing the angle between the first pitch arm 102 and the base 101, the first pitch arm 102, and the second pitch arm 103 to achieve various posture changes of the robot.
- the flexible rigging 304 and the driving wheel 302 may be arranged in the form of a sprocket and a chain, or may be in other forms of engagement, which ensures that the driving wheel 302 can smoothly drive and control the flexible rigging 304.
- the cooperative driving of the first servo power device 105 of the robot drive structure and the second servo power device 307 is accomplished as follows:
- the first servo power device 105 can swing or lift the second pitch arm 103 indirectly or directly by driving the first pitch arm 102 to swing.
- the second servo power device 307 can pull the second section through the drive wheel 302 and the flexible rigging 304.
- the arm 103 swings or lifts with the third shaft 203 as a fulcrum; the driving of the first servo power device 105 and the driving of the second servo power device 307 can be connected to the controller of the robot, and the robot controller calculates a corresponding command, the command Passed to the first servo power device 105 and the second servo power device 307, under the control of the command, the first servo power device 105 and the second servo power device 307 cooperate to complete the driving of the second pitch arm 103, thereby
- the end of the third section arm 104 connected to the second section of the arm 103 reaches the designated position, or moves according to the specified route, and finally realizes the lifting or lowering function of the workpiece by the
- the robot arm of the robot driving structure is oscillated or lifted under the precise control of the first servo power device 105 and the second servo power device 307, due to the flexible rigging 304 and the second pitch arm 103
- the connecting driving portion can be close to the workpiece, the driving force can be more directly applied to the working portion, and the probability of the flexible deformation of the first arm 102 or the second arm 103 of the robot driving structure is reduced; even if the first arm 102 or the first The two-section arm 103 is flexibly deformed, and the influence of such deformation on the position determination of the workpiece is also small, so that the working accuracy of the robot drive structure can be improved.
- the power unit in the above specific embodiment can be modified.
- the support arm may be a unitary body consisting of a post 301 and a side arm 306, which may be curved or straight.
- the post 301 is mounted on a base 101 for supporting and controlling the flexible rigging 304.
- the side arms 306 are oriented toward the point of attachment of the flexible sling 304 to the first section arm 102 or the second section arm 103.
- the first servo power unit 105 can be mounted between the base 101 and the first pitch arm 102, or at the hinge of the first pitch arm 102 and the second pitch arm 103.
- the side arm 306 may further be provided with one or more guiding wheels 303 for supporting the guiding flexible rigging 304, the power source of the wheel 302.
- the energy is transmitted to the robot arm through the flexible rigging 304.
- the flexible rigging 304 controls the second arm 103 to swing up and down under the guidance of the driving wheel 302 and the guiding wheel 303 to complete the working process of the robot driving structure.
- the support arm of the present invention includes the uprights 301 and the side arms 306, the positions of the drive wheels 302 and the guide wheels 303 on the support arms are interchangeable.
- the first servo power device 105 is mounted at the hinge of the first pitch arm 102 and the second pitch arm 103.
- the base 101 is provided with a support arm, and the support arm is provided with a drive wheel 302.
- the second servo power unit 307 is mounted on the drive wheel 302, and the flexible rigging 304 is specifically coupled to the first section arm 102 of the robot drive structure, as shown in FIG.
- the weight 305 which can be raised and lowered can be provided in cooperation.
- the weight 305 is disposed on the support arm, the weight 305 is a free body, the weight 305 is coupled to the other end of the flexible rigging 304, and the weight 305 and the robot arm are respectively on both sides of the drive wheel 302.
- One end of the flexible rigging 304 is connected to the weight 305, and the other end sequentially bypasses the driving wheel 302 and the guiding wheel 303, and finally connects with the robot arm of the robot.
- the weight 305 provides an auxiliary driving force to the first arm 102 and the second arm 103 with its gravity.
- the support arm may be a hollow arm, and the upright 301 in the support arm may be a hollow upright, the upright post 301 is located on the upper side of the base 101, and may rotate or rest with the base 101, and the upright post 301 may be disposed at the center of rotation of the base 101, It can be set off from the center of rotation.
- the weight 305 may be built inside the column 301 or may be disposed outside the support arm, i.e., the weight body 305 may be disposed outside the column 301.
- the other end of the flexible rigging 304 may be coupled to a cylinder or spring that provides an auxiliary driving force for the first pitch arm 102 and the second pitch arm 103.
- Cylinders and hydraulic cylinders are well-known power units. Please refer to the related art for description.
- the first arm More robot arms can be extended on the second arm.
- the power device between the base 101 and the first pitch arm 102 or the power device between the first pitch arm 102 and the second pitch arm 103 only needs one of them, and may be the former or the latter;
- the position of the drive wheel 302 and the guide wheel 303 that drive the flexible rigging 304 can be interchanged;
- the support arm can also be curved or non-vertical;
- the upper portion of the upright 301 can have no laterally extending arm side arms 306, and the flexible rigging 304
- the mating wheel may also be one.
- the flexible rigging 304 directly protrudes from the column 301 to connect the robot arm. In some cases, the number of wheels may exceed two; the base 101 may have no column 301, and the driving wheel 302 may be pivoted. On the base 101, the flexible rigging 304 extends directly from the drive wheel 302 to connect the robot arm.
- the flexible rigging 304 can be coupled to the first boom 102.
- the servo power unit can also be a motor, especially a servo motor or a hydraulic power that can be precisely controlled.
- a motor especially a servo motor or a hydraulic power that can be precisely controlled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
一种机器人驱动结构,包括基座(101)、与基座(101)铰接的第一节臂(102)、与第一节臂(102)铰接的第二节臂(103)、至少两个伺服动力装置(105、307)、和位于基座(101)上的驱动轮(302)和柔性索具(304);所述驱动轮(302)通过支撑臂连接在基座(101)上,所述基座(101)与第一节臂(102)之间设有一伺服动力装置(105),驱动轮(302)连接有另一伺服动力装置(307),柔性索具(304)与驱动轮(302)啮合,并且柔性索具(304)的一端与第二节臂(103)连接,柔性索具(304)在驱动轮(302)的带动下拉动第二节臂(103)摆动,所述两个伺服动力装置(105、307)共同驱动第一节臂(102)和第二节臂(103)实现协同运动。柔性索具(304)与第二节臂(103)的连接部位于第二节臂(103)的远端,因此驱动力可更直接地作用于工作部位,提高了驱动结构的工作精度和负载能力。
Description
一种机器人驱动结构 本申请要求于 2012 年 5 月 18 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210156620.5、 发明名称为"一种机器人驱动结构"的中国专利申请的优 先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及机械技术领域一种驱动结构, 特别是涉及一种关节型机器 人的驱动结构。
背景技术
现有技术中机器人驱动结构的种类很多, 关节型机器人驱动结构因其 动作的灵活性受到广泛运用, 成为机器人驱动机械结构的主要形式。 关节 型机器人驱动结构具有运动惯性小、 阻力小、 姿态变化多等优点, 大量应 用于码垛、 搬运、 焊接和喷涂等方面。
请参考图 1 , 图 1为现有技术的机器人一种设置方式的结构示意图。 关节型机器人驱动结构主要包括: 可旋转的基座 1、 一端与基座铰接 的第一节臂 2和一端与第一节臂铰接的第二节臂 3 , 第二节臂 3的另外一 端可以安装其他活动臂或者执行机构, 第一节臂 2和第二节臂 3的协调摆 动构成机器人的伸展和回缩以及各种姿态变换。 上述运动可以使机器人第 二节臂 3的末端和安装在其上的活动臂或执行机构到达目标位置完成工作 目的。
上述第一节臂 2、 第二节臂 3和其他活动臂统称为机器人驱动结构的 机械臂。
其中, 机器人驱动结构的机械臂能够到达的最远位置距离基座旋转中 心的距离称为机器人的工作半径; 机器人机械臂展末端的最大提升重量称 为负载能力。
上述现有的关节型机器人驱动结构虽然具有灵活性高等优点, 但其结 构形式, 尤其是第一节臂 2和第二节臂 3的驱动方式, 在很大程度上限制 了机器人的负载能力和工作半径。 上述现有的关节型机器人比较典型的驱
动方式是: 第一节臂 2的摆动动力来自于其与基座铰接轴部的电动机和减 速机, 第二节臂 3的驱动动力来自于其与第一节臂 2铰接部的电动机和减 速机。
结合上述结构设置, 我们可以得出, 现有的关节型机器人臂的驱动动 力均来自于其铰接枢部(即摆动臂的根部 ), 而该力的作用点位于摆动臂的 末端, 根据杠杆原理, 这种驱动方式需要动力装置提供很大的扭矩。 尤其 是减速机需要承受很大的负载, 这也对减速机提出了很高的强度要求。 同 时, 该种结构设置会使得中心部位的动力装置的微小误差在摆动臂末端得 到放大, 降低了操作的精确程度。 也就是说, 现有的关节型机器人驱动结 构的结构和驱动形式不但限制了机器人驱动结构的负载能力和工作半径, 而且影响了机器人驱动结构的定位精度。
即使有些关节型机器人的第一节臂 2的动力装置不直接设置在铰接轴 部位, 但是其也是通过动力装置的枢部驱动摆臂或者连杆等带动第一节臂 2运动, 由于驱动方式实质上相同, 上述驱动产生的缺陷也就依然存在。
因此, 现有机器人驱动结构的工作半径和负载能力均难有较大突破; 要想提高机器人驱动结构的工作性能必须另辟途径。 如何在耗能较小的情 况下有效提高机器人驱动结构的负载能力、工作半径以及工作精度等性能, 是本领域技术人员目前需要解决的技术问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种机器人驱动结构, 可以扩展机器人的工作能 力 (负载能力和工作半径)和精度, 而这种结构还可以配置非耗能驱动的 辅助驱动动力, 节约驱动动力和能耗。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明提供一种机器人驱动结构, 包括基座、 与基座铰接的第一节臂、 与第一节臂铰接的第二节臂和至少两个伺服动力 装置, 还包括位于基座上的驱动轮和柔性索具, 基座与第一节臂之间或者 第一节臂与第二节臂之间设有一伺服动力装置, 用来驱动第一节臂相对基 座摆动或者第二节臂相对第一节臂摆动,驱动轮连接有另一伺服动力装置, 柔性索具与驱动轮啮合, 并且柔性索具的一端与第一节臂或第二节臂或两
节臂的关节处连接, 柔性索具在所述驱动轮带动下拉动第一节臂和第二节 臂摆动, 所述两个伺服动力装置共同驱动第一节臂和第二节臂实现协同运 动。 它是通过动力装置对机器人机械臂的刚性连接驱动和柔性连接拉动结 合的方式完成机械臂的组合运动。
优选地, 所述驱动轮通过支撑臂连接在所述基座上, 支撑臂支撑引导 所述柔性索具伸向柔性索具与第一节臂或第二节臂的连接点。 优选地, 所 述支撑臂含有空心立柱, 立柱位于所述基座上, 立柱内设有与柔性索具相 连的重物。
优选地, 所述柔性索具的另外一端连接有为所述第一节臂和第二节臂 提供辅助驱动力的重物。 优选地, 所述柔性索具的另外一端连接为所述第 一节臂和第二节臂提供辅助驱动力的气缸或弹簧。
本发明的机器人驱动结构, 柔性索具与机器人臂的连接部位可以在臂 的远端, 远离铰接旋转中心, 而接近工件或工作机构, 所需要的力量远远 小于靠近轴心驱动所需要的力量, 驱动力可更直接地作用于工作部位, 机 器人臂发生挠性变形以及挠性变形对工件的位置度影响很小, 提高了工作 的精度; 由于柔性索具的存在减少了机器人臂的挠性变形, 机器人臂的结 构强度可以更小, 从而减少机器人的自重和两个节臂在运动中因克服自重 所消耗的能量, 更加节能环保; 由于柔性索具的存在减少了机器人臂的挠 性变形及机械臂的自重,臂展长度可以更大,从而扩大机器人的工作半径。
附图说明
图 1为现有技术的机器人一种设置方式的结构示意图;
图 2为本发明所提供的机器人驱动结构一种具体实施方式的结构示意 图;
图 3为本发明所提供的机器人驱动结构另一种具体实施方式的结构示 意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心是提供一种机器人驱动结构, 该机器人驱动结构能够在
耗能较小的情况下显著提高其工作半径和工作精度。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明的方案, 下面结合附图和 具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图 2, 图 2为本发明所提供机器人驱动结构一种具体实施方式 的结构示意图。
现有的机器人驱动结构一般包括基座 101和枢装在基座 101上的机械 臂。
其中, 机械臂包括依次相互连接的第一节臂 102、 第二节臂 103和第 三节臂 104。 通常, 基座的自旋转轴被称为第一轴(图中未示出), 第一节 臂 102枢装在基座 101上, 第一节臂 102和第二节臂 103之间相互铰接, 机械臂与基座 101之间、第一节臂 102与第二节臂 103之间、第二节臂 103 与第三节臂 104之间分别设有第二轴 202、第三轴 203和第四轴 204,在第 二轴 202、 第三轴 203和第四轴 204处分别配备有电动机和减速机, 以便 为机器人驱动结构提供运动和控制力。
第一节臂 102的摆动改变其相对水平面的角度, 第二节臂 103的摆动 改变其相对于第一节臂 102的角度,机器人的第一节臂 102和第二节臂 103 之间夹角的变化产生整个机器人姿态的变化, 从而使得机器人的机械臂伸 缩, 进而完成机器人工作半径和高度的变换。
本发明的机器人驱动结构包括基座 101、 与基座 101铰接的第一节臂 102、 与第一节臂 102铰接的第二节臂 103、 位于基座上的支撑臂和柔性索 具 304, 基座 101与第一节臂 102之间或者第一节臂 102与第二节臂 103 之间设有第一伺服动力装置 105 , 支撑臂上设置有驱动轮 302, 驱动轮 302 连接有第二伺服动力装置 307, 柔性索具 304与驱动轮 302啮合, 柔性索 具 304的一端与第一节臂 102、 第二节臂 103或两节臂的关节处连接, 柔 性索具 304在驱动轮 302带动下拉动第一节臂 102和第二节臂 103摆动, 第一伺服动力装置 105和第二伺服动力装置 307接收来自控制器(图中未 示出)的指令动作,驱动所述第一节臂 102和第二节臂 103实现协同运动, 改变第一节臂 102与基座 101、 第一节臂 102和第二节臂 103之间的夹角, 实现机器人的各种姿态变化。
柔性索具 304与驱动轮 302可以采用链轮和链条形式的设置, 也可以 采用其他形式的啮合方式, 这样能够保证驱动轮 302顺利实现对柔性索具 304的驱动和控制。
具体地, 机器人驱动结构的第一伺服动力装置 105与第二伺服动力装 置 307的协同驱动是这样完成的:
第一伺服动力装置 105可以通过驱动第一节臂 102摆动来间接或直接 驱动第二节臂 103进行摆动或升降, 第二伺服动力装置 307可以通过驱动 轮 302和柔性索具 304拉动第二节臂 103以第三轴 203为支点摆动或升降; 第一伺服动力装置 105的驱动和第二伺服动力装置 307的驱动可以连接到 机器人的控制器, 机器人控制器经过计算得到相应的指令, 该指令传递到 第一伺服动力装置 105与第二伺服动力装置 307, 在该指令的控制下, 第 一伺服动力装置 105与第二伺服动力装置 307协同完成对第二节臂 103的 驱动,从而使得与第二节臂 103相连的第三节臂 104的末端到达指定位置, 或者按照指定的路线运动, 最终实现机器人驱动结构对工件的提升或下放 功能。
通过上述机器人驱动结构的驱动方法, 机器人驱动结构的机械臂在第 一伺服动力装置 105与第二伺服动力装置 307的精密控制下完成摆动或升 降, 由于柔性索具 304与第二节臂 103的连接驱动部位可以接近工件, 驱 动力可更直接地作用于工作部位, 机器人驱动结构第一节臂 102或第二节 臂 103发生挠性变形的几率减小了; 即使第一节臂 102或第二节臂 103发 生挠性变形, 这种变形对工件的位置确定的影响也很小, 可以使机器人驱 动结构的工作精度得到提高。
可以对上述具体实施方式中的动力装置进行改进。
支撑臂可以是由立柱 301和侧臂 306组成的一个整体, 这个整体可以 是弯曲的, 也可以是直的。 立柱 301安装在基座 101上, 侧臂 306用于支 撑和控制柔性索具 304。 侧臂 306倾向于柔性索具 304与第一节臂 102或 第二节臂 103的连接点设置。
第一伺服动力装置 105可以安装在基座 101与第一节臂 102之间, 也 可以在第一节臂 102和第二节臂 103的铰接处。
为更好的实现侧臂 306对柔性索具 304的支撑和控制, 侧臂 306上还 可以设置一个或多个导向轮 303 , 导向轮 303用于支撑引导柔性索具 304, 轮 302的动力源将能量通过柔性索具 304传递给机械臂, 柔性索具 304在 驱动轮 302和导向轮 303的导向下控制第二节臂 103上下摆动, 完成机器 人驱动结构的工作过程。
在本发明的支撑臂包括立柱 301和侧臂 306的情况下, 支撑臂上的驱 动轮 302和导向轮 303位置可以互换。
在另一种优选的具体实施方式中, 第一伺服动力装置 105安装在第一 节臂 102和第二节臂 103的铰接处, 基座 101上设置支撑臂, 支撑臂上设 置有驱动轮 302, 第二伺服动力装置 307安装设置在驱动轮 302上, 柔性 索具 304具体地与所述机器人驱动结构的第一节臂 102相连, 如图 3中所 示。
为进一步减轻驱动轮 302和机器人驱动装置的驱动动力, 可以配合设 置可升降的重物 305。 重物 305设置在支撑臂上, 重物 305为自由体, 重 物 305连接在柔性索具 304的另一端, 重物 305和机械臂分别处于驱动轮 302的两侧。 柔性索具 304的一端连接重物 305 , 另一端依次绕过驱动轮 302和导向轮 303 ,最后与机器人的机械臂连接。重物 305以其重力向第一 节臂 102和第二节臂 103提供辅助驱动力。
支撑臂可以为空心臂,支撑臂中的立柱 301可以为空心立柱,立柱 301 位于基座 101的上侧, 可以随基座 101旋转或者静止, 立柱 301可以设置 在基座 101的旋转中心, 也可以偏离旋转中心设置。 重物 305可以内置于 立柱 301内部, 也可以设置在支撑臂外部, 即配重体 305可以设置在立柱 301外侧。
此外, 所述柔性索具 304的另外一端可以连接为所述第一节臂 102和 第二节臂 103提供辅助驱动力的气缸或弹簧。
当然, 上述气缸还可以用液压缸代替。 气缸和液压缸属于公知的动力 装置, 本文不详之处请参考现有技术相关描述。
结构中, 即所述第一节臂
和第二节臂上可以扩展出更多的机械臂。
需要说明的是:基座 101和第一节臂 102间的动力装置或第一节臂 102 和第二节臂 103间的动力装置仅仅需要其中的一个, 可以是前者, 也可以 是后者; 驱动柔性索具 304的驱动轮 302和导向轮 303位置可以互换; 支 撑臂还可以是弯曲的或非垂直的; 立柱 301上部可以没有侧向延伸的臂侧 臂 306, 并且与柔性索具 304配合的轮也可能是一个, 柔性索具 304直接 从立柱 301伸出, 连接机器人臂, 在一些场合中, 轮的数量可能超过两个; 基座 101上可以没有立柱 301 , 驱动轮 302枢装在基座 101上, 柔性索具 304直接从驱动轮 302伸出, 连接机器人臂。
此外, 在本驱动方式的另外一种形式中, 柔性索具 304可以与第一节 臂 102连接。
当然, 伺服动力装置也可以是电机, 尤其是伺服电机或可以精确控制 的液压动力等。 了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述, 以上实施例的说明只 是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。 应当指出, 对于本技术领域 的普通技术人员来说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下, 还可以对本发明进 行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims
1、 一种机器人驱动结构, 包括基座、 与基座铰接的第一节臂、 与第一 节臂铰接的第二节臂和至少两个伺服动力装置, 其特征在于, 还包括位于 基座上的驱动轮和柔性索具, 所述基座与第一节臂之间或者所述第一节臂 与第二节臂之间设有一伺服动力装置, 驱动轮连接有另一伺服动力装置, 所述柔性索具与驱动轮啮合, 所述柔性索具的一端与所述第一节臂、 第二 节臂或两节臂的关节处连接, 所述柔性索具在所述驱动轮带动下拉动所述 第一节臂和第二节臂摆动, 所述两个伺服动力装置共同驱动所述第一节臂 和第二节臂实现协同运动。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的机器人驱动结构, 其特征在于, 所述驱动轮通 过支撑臂连接在所述基座上, 所述支撑臂支撑引导所述柔性索具伸向所述 柔性索具与第一节臂或第二节臂的连接点。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的机器人驱动结构, 其特征在于, 所述支撑臂含 有空心立柱, 所述立柱位于所述基座上, 所述立柱内设有与所述柔性索具 相连的重物。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的机器人驱动结构, 其特征在于, 所述柔性索具 的另外一端连接有为所述第一节臂和第二节臂提供辅助驱动力的重物。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的机器人驱动结构, 其特征在于, 所述柔性索具 的另外一端连接为所述第一节臂和第二节臂提供辅助驱动力的气缸或弹 簧。
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