WO2013150957A1 - 押出性と耐粒界腐食性に優れた微細孔中空形材用アルミニウム合金およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
押出性と耐粒界腐食性に優れた微細孔中空形材用アルミニウム合金およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013150957A1 WO2013150957A1 PCT/JP2013/059284 JP2013059284W WO2013150957A1 WO 2013150957 A1 WO2013150957 A1 WO 2013150957A1 JP 2013059284 W JP2013059284 W JP 2013059284W WO 2013150957 A1 WO2013150957 A1 WO 2013150957A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
- F28F1/022—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
- F28F2255/16—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes extruded
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum alloy excellent in extrudability and intergranular corrosion resistance, and a production method used for an extruded microporous hollow flat tube constituting an aluminum heat exchanger, for example, a condenser, an evaporator, an intercooler and the like.
- an aluminum heat exchanger is, for example, a car air conditioner condenser as shown in FIG. 1, a flat tube 1 (FIG. 2A) that constitutes a refrigerant flow path, a corrugated fin 2 that exchanges heat with air, It is composed of a header pipe 3 and an entrance / exit member 4 that are tank parts, and has brazing means (brazing material) in any member that is in contact with each other, and is brazed and joined using a non-corrosive flux (FIG. 2 ( b)).
- brazing means brazing material
- the flat tube 1 needs to be thin with a complicated fine hole hollow structure as shown in FIG. 2 from the viewpoint of weight reduction and economic efficiency of the heat exchanger, and therefore, an aluminum alloy having excellent extrudability is required. Has been.
- a sacrificial anticorrosion method there is a method in which Zn metal is applied to the surface of the flat tube 1 and a Zn diffusion layer 1Z is formed in the surface layer portion after heating, as shown in FIG.
- the formed Zn diffusion layer 1Z is used as sacrificial corrosion protection.
- the flat tube 1 and the fin 2 are joined by the brazing joint 5 on the Zn diffusion layer 1Z.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose aluminum alloys with improved extrudability and corrosion resistance. These are based on pure aluminum, and Cu and Fe are positively added to improve the corrosion resistance and extrudability of the aluminum matrix while maintaining the material strength.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 have certainly improved extrudability and improved corrosion resistance, they have a high extrusion ratio and further extrudability and corrosion resistance of thin hollow materials with irregularities on the pipe inner surface. In particular, it is insufficient from the viewpoint of intergranular corrosion resistance.
- a sacrificial anticorrosion method is employed as a means for preventing corrosion of the flat tube of the heat exchanger.
- the aluminum alloy proposed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is a noble alloy with a natural potential of about ⁇ 0.7% VvsSCE in terms of potential, so there is no problem in using it in a site where the sacrificial anticorrosion method is adopted.
- the present invention has been devised in order to solve such a problem, and as an aluminum alloy for a microporous hollow material, suppresses the content of Cu having a problem of intergranular corrosion resistance, and provides a natural potential.
- an aluminum alloy with a reduced gas content in order to add a transition metal such as Zr and Cr, which peritectic solidifies, and to improve the extrudability of a hollow material which is a thin material with a high extrusion ratio.
- the aluminum alloy for microporous hollow materials having excellent extrudability and intergranular corrosion resistance has an Fe: 0.05 to 0.20 mass%, Si: 0.10 mass% or less, Cu: 0.15 to 0.32% by mass, Mn: 0.08 to 0.15% by mass, Zr: 0.05% by mass or less, Ti: 0.06 to 0.15% by mass, Cr: 0.03% by mass or less, balance: Al and inevitable impurities, Furthermore, in order to prevent the generation of bubbles, which are material defects during extrusion, the gas content of the material (billet) after alloy casting is 0.25 cc / 100 g or less, preferably 0.20 cc / 100 g or less. This prevents the occurrence of noticeable streak-like defects that impair the surface swell and smoothness.
- the aluminum alloy of the present invention may contain V: 0.05% by mass or less in order to refine the structure of the cast billet and the extruded material.
- the aluminum alloy for a microporous hollow member is a DC cast billet of an aluminum alloy having the above chemical composition, heated to 550 to 590 ° C. at a rate of 80 ° C./hour or less and held for 0.5 to 6 hours. It can be obtained by carrying out a soaking treatment in which the temperature is maintained at 450 to 350 ° C. for 0.5 to 1 hour or cooled to 200 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 50 ° C./hour.
- the billet that has been subjected to the above homogenization treatment is reheated to 450 to 550 ° C and then extruded into a desired shape with a processing ratio of 30 to 1000 in an extrusion ratio, thereby producing an aluminum alloy having excellent intergranular corrosion resistance.
- a microporous hollow material is obtained.
- the homogenized billet can be extruded after chamfering about 0.1 to 1 mm in outer diameter.
- the aluminum alloy for microporous hollow shape material excellent in extrudability and intergranular corrosion resistance of the present invention is basically based on pure aluminum, and the content of Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr is the material (billet). Extrudability is good because it is kept low considering the high temperature deformation resistance. Although it is suppressed to a low level, it contains the required amounts of Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, and the like, and therefore has strength and corrosion resistance for the microporous hollow material constituting the heat exchanger.
- the Cu content of the alloy of the present invention is limited to the range of 0.15 to 0.32% by mass, the formation of Al—Cu intermetallic compounds is suppressed, and the possibility of intergranular corrosion is extremely reduced.
- Ti is contained in an appropriate amount, Ti is dispersed in the grain boundaries or matrix (matrix), thereby suppressing the progress of intergranular corrosion and improving the corrosion resistance.
- condenser for common car air conditioners The figure explaining the schematic structure of a flat tube and the heat exchanger incorporating it. The figure explaining the sacrificial anticorrosive action of a Zn diffused layer.
- the aluminum alloy for extrusion proposed in Patent Document 2 is excellent in extrusion moldability, but the contained Cu forms an Al—Cu-based intermetallic compound at the grain boundary. It is an alloy that easily causes intergranular corrosion.
- the Cu content is suppressed within the range of 0.15 to 0.32% by mass, the content of other elements such as Fe, Si, Mn, Zr, and Cr is appropriately adjusted, and an appropriate amount of Ti is added, the above-described problem will occur.
- the present inventors have found that the occurrence of accidental extrusion defects due to swelling, entrainment, etc. can be suppressed. Details will be described below.
- the aluminum alloy for a fine hole hollow shape material excellent in extrudability, pitting corrosion resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance of the present invention is Fe: 0.05 to 0.20 mass%, Si: 0.10 mass% or less, Cu: 0.15 to 0.32 mass% , Mn: 0.08 to 0.15% by mass, Zr: 0.05% by mass or less, Ti: 0.06 to 0.15% by mass, Cr: 0.03% by mass or less, and if necessary, V: 0.05% by mass or less. It has a chemical composition consisting of Al and inevitable impurities, and the gas content in the extruded material is 0.25 cc / 100 g or less. The purpose, the action of each component, the reason for limitation, the gas regulation, and the effect of removing the outer skin of the billet will be described. All of the following “%” indications are mass%.
- Fe 0.05-0.20% Fe has the effect of improving the strength of a pure aluminum alloy, and also has the effect of preventing cracking during casting and refining the cast structure. This effect is exerted when the content is 0.05% or more. However, if the content exceeds 0.20%, an Al—Fe compound is produced at the grain boundary during casting, which adversely affects pitting corrosion resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance.
- the upper limit value of Fe is set to 0.20% because there is a risk of deteriorating the extrudability due to stuffiness or cracking during extrusion.
- Si 0.10% or less Si is an unavoidable impurity mixed in from the Al base material, but it suppresses the formation of Al-Fe-Si compounds that adversely affect workability, and excess Si particles are the starting point of pit-like corrosion.
- the upper limit was made 0.10%.
- Cu 0.15-0.32%
- Cu is an element effective for suppressing deep pitting corrosion of Al ground. The effect is recognized at a content of 0.15% or more.
- the Al—Cu compound CuAl 2 is formed at the grain boundary, and the grain boundary segregation cannot be completely eliminated by the homogenization treatment, and the grain boundary corrosion is promoted.
- the Cu content was set to 0.15 to 0.32%.
- Mn 0.08 to 0.15%
- Mn has the effect of improving corrosion resistance and strength, particularly high temperature strength. These effects are manifested by the inclusion of 0.030% or more, but in order to improve the potential of the Al matrix and stably suppress corrosion propagation, 0.08% or more of Mn addition is preferable, and further, the strength at high temperature Therefore, there is a significant role in maintaining the rigidity of the structure without significant softening during brazing. On the other hand, since the high temperature strength is high, the processing pressure at the time of extrusion becomes large and the extrudability is lowered. Further, an Al—Mn-based intermetallic compound Al 6 Mn is formed along the crystal grain boundaries, which may adversely affect the intergranular corrosion resistance. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mn content is 0.15%.
- Zr 0.05% or less Zr increases the high-temperature strength of the material by a combined effect with Mn or the like even when added in a small amount.
- addition of Zr exceeding 0.05% affects the formation of compounds with other elements, reducing the effect and increasing the extrusion pressure when extruding thin materials.
- the addition of 0.05% or less of Zr makes the matrix noble and has the effect of reducing intergranular corrosion as well as pitting corrosion. Furthermore, if the effect by itself is intended, addition of 0.02 to 0.05% Zr is preferable.
- Ti 0.06-0.15%
- a coarse intermetallic compound TiAl 3 is generated to deteriorate the extrudability and increase the non-uniformity of Ti distribution, so the upper limit was made 0.15%.
- V 0.05% or less
- V compounds crystallized at the time of casting have a function of preventing the progress of intergranular corrosion by dispersing in a layer form by extrusion, and are contained as necessary.
- the upper limit was made 0.05%.
- the effect of suppressing intergranular corrosion is increased by the combined addition of Ti and V, since the extrudability is deteriorated when the content thereof is excessive, the upper limit of the total amount is set to 0.20%.
- Cr 0.03% or less Cr has an action of suppressing the coarsening of the extruded structure. This action is effectively manifested when the content is 0.01% or more. However, since the extrudability deteriorates if contained in a large amount, the upper limit was made 0.03%.
- Gas content 0.25 cc / 100 g or less
- the gas is oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen mixed from the atmosphere at the time of casting and casting, which is the production stage of the alloy.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) gas is 99% or more, and hydrogen gas is mainly contained in the Al alloy.
- degassing treatment is generally carried out. By controlling the casting temperature after melting and degassing treatment, the gas is stably reduced to 0.25 cc / 100 g or less. Reduces contamination of oxide film and inclusions, which is a material defect when the amount is large.
- the aluminum alloy for microporous hollow shape material having excellent extrudability and intergranular corrosion resistance is melted by ordinary means, but the molten metal processing conditions including degassing and casting conditions are set appropriately after melting. It is provided as a billet of a desired shape by a semi-continuous casting method which is a general casting method.
- the billet after casting is heated at a high temperature and the elements constituting the intermetallic compound crystallized during casting are re-solidified in the matrix. It is necessary to perform a homogenization treatment in order to eliminate the concentration distribution of the additive element and to refine the compound present as a crystallized product during casting. As the homogenization treatment, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment at 550 to 590 ° C. for 0.5 to 6 hours.
- the aluminum alloy of the present invention is an alloy in which Fe and Si are regulated in a pure Al base and Cu, Mn, Cr, Zr, and Ti are added to regulate the gas amount.
- the Al—Fe—Si compound or Al— (Fe, Mn) —Si compound cannot be finely dispersed, and high processing is achieved. Defects occur when extruding at degrees. Further, in order to dissolve other elements such as Cu, Cr, Mn, and Zr into the Al ground or to make them exist as fine compounds, it is necessary to hold them at 550 ° C. or more for 0.5 hours or more.
- the proper temperature for homogenization is 570 ° C ⁇ 10 ° C. Economically, it is better to raise the temperature quickly and cool it down faster, but alloys containing Mn, Cr and Zr are When the temperature rise to 80 ° C / h exceeds 80 ° C / h, a large amount of Mn and Cr is dissolved, and the state of casting as it is at an appropriate temperature rise rate (the presence of coarse compounds and a large amount of penetration) is homogenized. The coarse compound Al—Fe, Al—Fe—Si, etc.
- the solid solution of Cr, Mn, Zr is precipitated as an Al—Fe (Mn, Cr, Zr) —Si compound, Al—Zr, Al—Mn compound to improve the billet structure, and the extrusion pressure is reduced. To reduce the structure of the extruded tube.
- Mn, Cr and Zr compounds are dissolved by holding at a high temperature, and it is necessary to ensure that they are precipitated as appropriate compounds. For this purpose, it takes 0.5 to 1 hour at 450 to 350 ° C. It is necessary to hold it or cool it to 200 ° C. or less at a moderate cooling rate of 50 ° C./hour. If this condition is not met, Mn, Cr and Zr remain in solid solution in the matrix (matrix), and only a small amount precipitates during heating prior to extrusion in the subsequent process, resulting in high extrusion pressure and reduced workability. Become.
- the material obtained by extruding the billet obtained by such a homogenization process has a uniform surface and internal structure of the extruded material, and can suppress the coarsening of crystal grains due to hot working.
- the outer peripheral surface of the billet is uneven, and an oxide film is generated. Therefore, depending on the extrusion die structure, extrusion conditions, etc., the outer periphery of the billet may flow into the extruded material, especially the hollow shape, during the extrusion. As a result, mussels and bubbles are generated, resulting in an extrusion defect, and the smoothness of the shape surface is lowered, resulting in a deep streak-like defect. In order to prevent these defects, it is necessary to remove the oxide film and dirt on the outer periphery of the billet, and it is most effective to carry out chamfering.
- the chamfering is preferably about 0.1 to 1 mm in the billet outer diameter.
- the billet obtained by casting the alloy component of the present invention is subjected to a predetermined homogenization treatment, and the billet is heated at 450 ° C. or more and 550 ° C. or less to obtain an extrusion ratio in order to obtain a desired fine hollow extruded shape. It is necessary to extrude at a processing degree of 30 or more and 1000 or less.
- the extrusion ratio of the fine hollow shape material is high, so that the limit of the extrusion pressure of the extruder (usually 210 kg / cm 2 ) is exceeded, and extrusion becomes impossible. Even if extrusion is possible, defects such as peeling occur on the inner surface of the fine hollow material, and the shape and dimensions are out of tolerance.
- the extrusion ratio is so small that it is less than 30, the Ti effect (a state in which Ti exists in a layered manner in the extrusion direction inside the shape member) is difficult to be obtained.
- the die design is such that the extrusion ratio exceeds 1000, it is difficult to manufacture the mold and select the extrusion conditions, and the extrusion process itself becomes impossible.
- Fluorocarbon refrigerant is used as the heat exchange fluid.
- the materials used for heat exchangers are excellent in corrosion resistance, strength, brazing, and extrusion of micro-hole hollow materials (flat tubes) of about 0.5 to 2 mm, which are the main components of heat exchanger assemblies.
- An alloy that can be used is required.
- various aluminum alloys having the chemical compositions shown in Table 1 were melted to produce cast bodies (billets) having a diameter of 6 to 10 inches and a length of 2 to 6 m.
- the billet is homogenized at 550 to 590 ° C for 0.5 to 6 hours, then heated to 460 to 550 ° C, and a thin shape die with an extrusion ratio of 30 to 1000 is used.
- the strength was judged from the room temperature strength of the annealed material, and based on 65 MPa of pure Al, the material exceeding 90 MPa was marked with ⁇ , the range of 60-90 MPa was marked with ⁇ , and the material less than 60 MPa was marked with ⁇ .
- Corrosion resistance is evaluated by the salt spray test (JIS Z2371) for 5000 hours, and the presence and progress of intergranular corrosion is evaluated by microstructural observation after the corrosion test. The following were marked with ⁇ , and those with a layer corrosion of 300 ⁇ m or more were marked with ⁇ .
- Extrudability was judged by the load condition of the extrusion pressure during extrusion and the surface defects of the flat tube (smoothness, rough skin, irregularities on the outer and inner surfaces of the product, messy), and those that had no surface defects were slightly However, the case where there was no problem in use was evaluated as “Good”, and the case where there were many surface defects was evaluated as “Poor”.
- FIG. 5 shows an enlarged photograph of a mushy defect (pickup) that occurs when the gas content is high, and if this micro-peeling occurs frequently, there is a possibility of becoming a corrosion starting point.
- FIG. 6 shows fine irregularities called streak-like defects which are surface defects, but the irregularities are accompanied by minute peeling and may promote corrosion.
- the casting billet was heated at a homogenization temperature of 590 ° C. (heating process) at a heating rate of 80 ° C./hour or less, and further cooled at a homogenization temperature for 4 hours.
- the temperature range of ⁇ 350 ° C. was cooled at a cooling rate of 50 ° C./hour, and then cooled outside the furnace (outside furnace cooling).
- This billet will be referred to as a billet according to the present invention.
- the presently treated billet shows no significant compounds other than the crystallized material of the billet before the treatment, whereas the structure of the billet of the present invention method In addition to the crystallized product, it was confirmed that precipitates (Al—Mn system) were finely dispersed.
- the billet of the present invention used for verification of the homogenization conditions was heated to 480 ° C., and a flat tube having an extrusion ratio of 150 and a flat bar material having an extrusion ratio of 20 were extruded at a speed of 20 m / min. The microstructure of these two types of extruded materials was observed, and the dispersion state of the Ti compound was compared. The results are shown in Table 5.
- the die and billet contact surfaces are used as effectively as possible in the die design, and in order to improve productivity, a small product is designed to extrude a plurality of products with one die. Further, in a large product, the product portion is also arranged in a portion near the outer periphery of the die.
- the billet outer circumference forms a product from a portion close to the die outer circumference, when the oxidized surface of the billet outer circumference and the unstable billet outer circumference of about 1 mm flow into the product, extrusion is performed. It will be caught on the surface of the product, causing defects such as peeling or streaks.
- the billet skin needs to be removed about 0.1 to 1 mm in consideration of the unevenness and also to remove the component segregation site on the outer periphery of the billet.
- the invention alloy billet of No. 2 in Table 1 (gas amount is 0.21 cc / 100 g) was produced under appropriate homogenization conditions, and a billet having a relatively poor billet skin state was selected and tested.
- the surface condition of the extruded material obtained with the extrusion conditions kept constant was compared and evaluated from the irregular state of FIG. 5 and the streak-like state of FIG. The results are shown in Table 6.
- an aluminum alloy for a microporous hollow material as an aluminum alloy for a microporous hollow material, the content of Cu having a problem in intergranular corrosion resistance can be suppressed, and a natural potential can be maintained preciously, and extrudability is not hindered.
- an aluminum alloy having excellent corrosion resistance and extrudability to which a transition metal is added and a method for producing the same.
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Abstract
Description
Zr,Cr等の包晶型凝固をする遷移金属を添加し、更に、高押出比で薄肉材料である中空材料の押出性を改良するために、ガス含有量を抑えたアルミニウム合金を提供することを目的とする。
以下にその詳細を説明する。
Feは、純アルミニウム合金の強度を向上させる作用と共に、鋳造時の割れ防止、鋳造組織の微細化効果を有している。この作用は0.05%以上の含有により発揮されるが、0.20%を越えるほどに多く含有させるとAl-Fe化合物を鋳造時に結晶粒界に生じさせ、耐孔食腐食、耐粒界腐食に悪影響を及ぼす虞があるとともに、押出時にムシレ、割れなどのために押出性を悪くする虞があるため、Feの上限値は0.20%とした。
SiはAl母材から混入する不可避的不純物であるが、加工性に悪影響を及ぼすAl-Fe-Si化合物の生成を抑えるため、そして、過剰Si粒子はピット状の腐食の起点となるとともに、添加元素のMn、Zrなどと化合物を生成し、それらの効果を減少させるため、その上限値は0.10%とした。
CuはAl地の深い孔食を抑制するために有効な元素である。0.15%以上の含有で効果が認められる。しかし、その含有量が多くなると粒界にAl-Cu化合物CuAl2を形成して均質化処理では粒界偏析を完全に消失できず、粒界腐食を促進する。また押出圧力増加のため、Cu含有量は、0.15~0.32%とした。
Mnは耐食性および強度、特に高温強度を向上させる作用を有している。これらの作用は、0.030%以上の含有により発現するが、Alマトリックスの電位を改良し、腐食伝播を安定して抑制するためには0.08%以上のMn添加が好ましく、更には、高温での強度を高めるため、ろう付時の大幅な軟化は生じず構造体の剛性を維持できる大きな役割がある。一方、高温強度が高いために、押出時の加工圧力が大きくなって押出性を低下させる。また結晶粒界に沿ってAl-Mn系の金属間化合物Al6Mnが形成され、耐粒界腐食に悪影響を及ぼす虞がある。したがって、Mn含有量は0.15%を上限とした。
Zrは微量添加においても、材料の高温強度をMnなどとの複合効果で増大する。ただし、0.05%を超えるZr添加では他の元素との化合物形成に影響し、効果が減少するとともに、薄肉材の押出時に押出圧力を増大する。また、0.05%以下のZr添加はマトリックスを貴にし、孔食腐食とともに粒界腐食を減少する効果もある。更に、単独での効果を意図するならば、0.02~0.05%Zr添加が好ましい。
Tiは鋳造組織を微細化し、そのTi元素の分布状態は押出材の粒界腐食を抑制する作用を有している。この作用は0.06%以上の含有で効果的に発現する。しかし、その含有量が多くなると粗大な金属間化合物TiAl3を生成して押出性を悪化させると共に、Ti分布の不均一性を増加させるため、その上限は0.15%とした。
鋳造時に晶出したVおよびV化合物が押出により層状に分散して粒界腐食の進展を防止する作用を有しているので、必要に応じて含有させる。しかし、その含有量が多くなると押出性を悪化させるので、その上限は0.05%とした。TiとVの複合添加により粒界腐食を抑制する効果が大きくなるが、それらの含有量が多くなりすぎると押出性を悪化させるので、それらの合計量の上限は0.20%とした。
Crは押出組織の粗大化を抑制する作用を有している。この作用は0.01%以上の含有により効果的に発現する。しかし多量に含有すると押出性を悪化させるので、その上限は0.03%とした。
ガスは、合金の製造段階である溶解、鋳造時に大気中から混入した、酸素、水素、そして窒素であり、ガス分析(ランズレー法)による結果では、水素(H2)ガスが99%以上であり、Al合金に含有するのは水素ガスが主である。このガス(H2)を除くために、一般には脱ガス処理を実施するが、溶解後の鋳造温度を制御し、脱ガス処理を行うことにより、安定して、0.25cc/100g以下とし、ガス量の多い場合の材料不具合である、酸化皮膜、介在物の混入を低下させる。そして、混入ガスによる押出時の欠陥である材料表面の膨れ(気泡)発生を防止し、また、異物(酸化膜、介在物)起点の押出欠陥(ムシレ、割れ)と腐食起点を減少させ、成分のみでは解決しない、押出性低下、耐食性低下の虞をなくす効果を持たせた。
これらの欠陥防止には、ビレット外周の酸化皮膜、汚れを除去する必要があり、面削を実施するのが最も有効である。面削はビレット外周径で0.1~1mm程度とすることが望ましい。
総合評価として、熱交換器用中空扁平管として使用できる合格品を○、使用できない不合格品を×とした。
表1中でNo.2に示す化学組成を有する各種のアルミニウム合金を溶製し、脱ガス、微細化、ろ過などの所定の溶湯処理行った後、DC鋳造法によって、鋳造温度680℃以上の温度で直径210mmのビレットを鋳造した。
昇温条件:100℃/時間
冷却条件:250℃/時間
なお、図7に、押出時の圧力―時間曲線の比較を示す。
本発明法は現行法に比較して、最高圧力が小さく、圧力低下が早い。そして曲線内の面積が小さく、押出時に要するエネルギーが小さいことがわかる。
上記均質化処理条件の検証に用いた本発明法ビレットを、480℃に加熱後、押出比150の扁平管と押出比20のフラットバー材を20m/分の速度で押出した。
この2種類の押出材のミクロ組織観察を行い、Ti化合物の分散状態を比較した。その結果を表5に示す。
ビレット表皮はその凹凸を考慮し、またビレット外周部の成分偏析部位も除去するためにも0.1から1mm程度の除去を必要とする。
Claims (5)
- 質量%で、Fe:0.05~0.20%、Si:0.10%以下、Cu:0.15~0.32%、Mn:0.08~0.15%、Zr:0.05%以下、Ti:0.06~0.15%、Cr:0.03%以下、残部:Alおよび不可避不純物から成る化学組成を有し、合金ビレット中のガス量が0.25cc/100g以下であることを特徴とする、押出性と耐粒界腐食性に優れた微細孔中空形材用アルミニウム合金。
- 更に、V:0.05%%以下を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の押出性と耐粒界腐食性に優れた微細孔中空形材用アルミニウム合金。
- 請求項1または2に記載された化学組成を有するアルミニウム合金のDC鋳造ビレットに、80℃/時間以下の速度で550~590℃に加熱して0.5~6時間保持した後、450~350℃の範囲で0.5~1時間保持するか、もしくは50℃/時間の冷却速度で200℃以下まで冷却する均熱化処理を施すことを特徴とする押出性と耐粒界腐食性に優れた微細孔中空形材用アルミニウム合金の製造方法。
- 請求項3に記載された前記均熱化処理を施した後、450~550℃に再加熱後、押出比30以上1000以下の加工度で所望形状に押出すことを特徴とする耐粒界腐食性に優れたアルミニウム合金製微細孔中空形材の製造方法。
- 請求項4において、前記均質化処理を施した後、ビレットを外周径で0.1~1mm程度面削をした後に、前記押出をすることを特徴とする耐粒界腐食性にすぐれたアルミニウム製微細孔中空材の製造方法。
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CN111647774A (zh) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-09-11 | 海德鲁挤压解决方案股份有限公司 | 生产耐腐蚀和耐高温材料的方法 |
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