WO2013135126A1 - Rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, and method of applying liquid reagent during rice planting using same - Google Patents

Rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, and method of applying liquid reagent during rice planting using same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013135126A1
WO2013135126A1 PCT/CN2013/071638 CN2013071638W WO2013135126A1 WO 2013135126 A1 WO2013135126 A1 WO 2013135126A1 CN 2013071638 W CN2013071638 W CN 2013071638W WO 2013135126 A1 WO2013135126 A1 WO 2013135126A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid reagent
pipeline
methyl
rice
hollow member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/071638
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013135126A8 (en
Inventor
Atsumi Kamochi
Akihisa Oshima
Zhenguo YOU
Bo Sun
Masahiro Yamada
Masahisa Nemoto
Original Assignee
Yamato Nohji Co., Ltd.
Bayer Cropscience Ag
Bayer Cropscience China Co., Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yamato Nohji Co., Ltd., Bayer Cropscience Ag, Bayer Cropscience China Co., Ltd filed Critical Yamato Nohji Co., Ltd.
Priority to CN201380024783.0A priority Critical patent/CN104363748B/en
Priority to KR1020147028204A priority patent/KR102092106B1/en
Priority to MYPI2014702544A priority patent/MY184609A/en
Priority to JP2014561270A priority patent/JP6509563B2/en
Priority to TW102108572A priority patent/TWI610615B/en
Publication of WO2013135126A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013135126A1/en
Publication of WO2013135126A8 publication Critical patent/WO2013135126A8/en
Priority to PH12014502025A priority patent/PH12014502025A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a device for distributing and discharging a liquid reagent. More specifically, the present invention relates to a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, and a method of applying a liquid reagent during rice planting using the device.
  • a rice transplanter-mounted chemical reagent application device is a machine that distributes granules, a liquid such as a suspension (flowable reagent or emulsion) or an aqueous solution or the like at the same time that the rice transplanter plants the seedlings.
  • Rice transplanter-mounted chemical reagent application devices include devices designed for use with granules and devices designed for use with liquid reagents, depending on the properties of the chemical reagent to be applied, and not only enable the operation of applying control agents, which traditionally required a separate operation to rice planting, to be performed at the same time as rice planting, but also enable application of a fixed amount of the chemical reagent and the measuring of very small amounts.
  • Rice transplanter-mounted granule application devices are able to perform uniform application of the granules by measuring an amount of granules using a metering device that operates in synchronization with the speed of rice planting, and then dropping the measured amount of granules onto a circular disk that is rotating at high speed, so that contact plates formed on the circular disk flick the granules off the disk, as disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open publication Nos. JPH11-308959 and JP2008-048659, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Liquid reagent application devices that operate at the same time as rice planting employ a system wherein a tube that connects a tank with a nozzle is squeezed by using the action of a roller, as disclosed in "Common Technologies for Agrochemical Application - Soil Application”, “Agrochemical Application Technology”, (1998), edited by the “Agrochemical Application Technology” editorial committee, published by the Japan Plant Protection Association, page 122, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • a liquid reagent application device for use during rice planting which is used by installation on the rear portion of a rice transplanter, is currently in use under the trade name "Tekika-man” (registered trademark No. 2,419,217), the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the "Tekika-man” application device has only one nozzle i.e. is a one-drip device. This frequently results in uneven dispersion of the liquid reagent, especially for low water-soluble active ingredients such as the herbicide oxadiargyl. Such uneven dispersion results in uneven control of weeds, pests and/or fungi and/or causes crop damage.
  • Rice planting operations have traditionally been conducted in a shallow water state (with a submerged depth of 0 to 3 cm) in order to maintain the accuracy of the planting process.
  • a conventional granule application device depending on the strength and angle at which the granules are scattered, some granules may become buried in the soil of the rice field, meaning the effect of the chemical reagent is not realized, and this can result in areas in which satisfactory weed eradication is not achieved.
  • granules located closely to seedlings of the rice planted may cause phytotoxic effect against the seedlings.
  • the granule application device may also be easily affected by wheather conditions such as rain fall and wind.
  • the liquid reagent is unable to diffuse across the hillings of all 6 to 8 rows, meaning a uniform control effect is unattainable.
  • the active ingredient of the chemical reagent tends not to diffuse satisfactorily, and the anticipated effect, such as weed eradication, pest control or control of fungal disease, may be unattainable.
  • uneven distribution of the chemical reagent may also promote chemical damage of the rice plant.
  • the embodiments of the present invention aim to at least partially improve at least a part of the points mentioned above, and provide a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device which can apply agrochemicals onto medium scale fields (rice fields with a surface area of 1,000 to 3,000 m 2 (0.1 to 0.3 ha) per field) and large scale fields (rice fields with a surface area exceeding 3,000 m 2 (0.3 ha) per field), as well as a method of applying a liquid reagent during rice planting that uses the device.
  • medium scale fields rice fields with a surface area of 1,000 to 3,000 m 2 (0.1 to 0.3 ha) per field
  • large scale fields rice fields with a surface area exceeding 3,000 m 2 (0.3 ha) per field
  • the embodiments of the present invention enable a liquid reagent to be dripped uniformly (the error of dripping amount from each nozzle is less than 50%, 30%, 20% or 10% compared to the average dripping amount) to between a plurality of planted hillings following passage of a rice transplanter. Because the applied liquid reagent can diffuse across all of a plurality of hillings, a uniform control effect and superior safety of the paddy field rice plants (superior selectivity) can be achieved.
  • the method according to the embodiments of the present invention can prevent the liquid reagent from making direct contact with the paddy field rice plants during application of the liquid reagent, and can therefore prevent chemical damage caused by contact of the liquid reagent with the leaves of the rice plants and further enhance growth of the rice plants effectively (more than 10% or 30% compared to untreated rice plant).
  • a further advantage of the present invention over the prior art is an even dispersion of the liquid reagent, even if the liquid reagent has a very low or medium water solubility.
  • an active reagent with a very low water solubility is oxadiargyl (0.37 mg/L at pH 5.6 and 20°C)
  • an example for an active reagent with a medium water solubility is triafamone (33 mg/L at pH 7, 36 mg/L at pH 4, 34 mg/L at pH 9, each value measured at 20°C).
  • a device for distribution and discharging a liquid reagent may comprise: a tank that stores the liquid reagent; a pump that draws the liquid reagent from the tank; a pipeline connected to the pump to carry the liquid reagent drawn by the pump; a distribution unit connected to the pipeline to distribute and discharge the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline; and a mechanism that receives the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline and captures air contained in the received liquid reagent.
  • the mechanism may comprise an additional pipeline connected between the distribution unit and the tank to receive the liquid reagent provided to the distribution unit and carry the received liquid reagent to the tank.
  • the distribution unit may include: a hollow member extending substantially in a horizontal direction; and two or more pipelines connected to the hollow member and extending downwardly, the two or more pipelines discharging the liquid reagent carried by the hollow member, each of the two or more pipelines being positioned at a distance from its adjacent pipeline.
  • the additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to the hollow member of the distribution unit.
  • the additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to both ends of the hollow member.
  • the additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to a top surface of the hollow member.
  • Each pipeline of the two or more pipelines includes a valve that applies resistance to the liquid reagent passing through the pipeline.
  • the mechanism comprises a chamber extending substantially in a vertical direction and incorporated into the pipeline, wherein the pipeline includes a first pipeline that carries the liquid reagent drawn by the pump, one end of the first pipeline being connected to the pump, an opposite end of the first pipeline being connected to the chamber; and a second pipeline that carries the liquid reagent stored by the chamber, one end of the second pipeline being connected to the chamber, an opposite end of the second pipeline being connected to the distribution unit, wherein the opposite end of the first pipeline is positioned at higher than the one end of the second pipeline.
  • An exhaust unit connected to the chamber at a higher position than the opposite end of the first pipeline to carry air out of the chamber.
  • a drainage unit connected to the chamber at a lower position than the one end of the second pipeline to discharge the liquid reagent out of the chamber.
  • the distribution unit includes: a hollow member extending substantially in a horizontal direction; and two or more pipelines communicating with the hollow member and extending downwardly, the two or more pipelines discharging the liquid reagent carried by the hollow member, each of the two or more pipelines being positioned at a distance from its adjacent pipeline, wherein the opposite end of the second pipeline is connected to the hollow member.
  • Each pipeline of the two or more pipelines includes a valve that applies resistance to the liquid reagent passing through the pipeline.
  • a valve may be provided.
  • the valve may comprise a first valve member configured to have a tube-shape and having a top surface at one end and an opening at an opposite end, the top surface including a slot; and a case receiving the first valve member and having an inlet facing the opening of the valve member and an outlet facing the top surface of the first valve member.
  • the valve may comprise a second valve member configured to have a tube-shape and having a top surface at one end and an opening at an opposite end, the top surface including a slot, the second valve member being engaged with the first valve member in the case, wherein the top surface of the second valve member is positioned at a distance from the top surface of the first valve member.
  • Each of the first and second valve members may include a first hollow member with the top surface having a first internal diameter and a first outer diameter greater than the first internal diameter; and a second hollow member connected to the first hollow member, the second hollow member having a second internal diameter greater than both of the first internal and outer diameters and having a second outer diameter greater than the first outer diameter, wherein the first and second valve members are configured to be engaged with one another so that the first hollow member of the second valve member is received and supported in the second hollow member of the first valve member.
  • Each of the first and second valve members further includes a third hollow member connected to the second hollow member, the third hollow member having a third internal diameter greater than both of the second internal and outer diameters and having a second outer diameter greater than the first outer diameter, wherein the first and second valve members are configured to be engaged with one another so that the second hollow member of the second valve member is received and supported in the third hollow member of the first valve member.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a rice transplanter comprising the device described above which discharges a liquid reagent in synchronization with the rice planting action of the rice transplanter.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of applying a liquid reagent to control pests, fungi, and/or weeds during rice planting using the device or a rice planter described above, the method comprising: applying the liquid reagent through the distribution unit and into one or more spaces between a plurality of hillings in which seedlings are planted.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent wherein the liquid reagent is applied into at least half of the spaces between a plurality of hillings.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent using the device or a rice planter described above to enhance growth of a rice plant more than 10 % or 30 % compared to an untreated rice plant.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, which can be mounted on a rice transplanter, and applies a liquid reagent in synchronization with the rice planting action of the rice transplanter.
  • This first aspect of the rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device includes a tank that stores the liquid reagent, a pump that transports the liquid reagent stored in the tank, a first pipeline which is connected at one end to the pump, and carries the liquid reagent discharged from the tank by operation of the pump, an air-catch chamber which is connected to the other end of the first pipeline, a second pipeline which is connected at one end to the air-catch chamber, and carries the liquid reagent discharged from the tank via the first pipeline and the air- catch chamber, and a distribution unit which is connected to the other end of the second pipeline, and distributes and discharges the liquid reagent supplied from the tank via the first pipeline, the air-catch chamber and the second pipeline.
  • the other end of the first pipeline is connected to the air-catch chamber at a higher position than the end of the second pipeline.
  • a second aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, further containing an exhaust unit for exhausting the air from inside the air-catch chamber, wherein the exhaust unit is connected to the air-catch chamber at a higher position than the other end of the first pipeline.
  • a third aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, further containing a drainage unit for discharging residual liquid reagent from inside the air-catch chamber, wherein the drainage unit is connected to the air-catch chamber at a lower position than the end of the second pipeline.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, wherein the distribution unit includes a cylindrical distribution chamber that is connected to the other end of the second pipeline, and a plurality of third pipelines which are connected at one end to the air-catch chamber, and discharge the liquid reagent supplied to the distribution chamber from the tank via the first pipeline, the air-catch chamber and the second pipeline, and a plurality of third pipelines are connected to the distribution chamber with spaces provided therebetween.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, wherein each of a plurality of third pipelines is provided with a valve that adds resistance to the liquid reagent passing through the pipeline.
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to a method of applying a liquid reagent, the method involving using the above liquid reagent application device for use during rice planting, which is mounted on a rice transplanter, to apply the liquid reagent through the distribution unit and into one or more of the spaces between a plurality of hillings in which the seedlings are planted.
  • a seventh aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent is applied into at least half of the spaces between a plurality of hillings.
  • An eighth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of herbicides.
  • a ninth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the herbicide is a herbicide for use in rice fields.
  • a tenth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of pyrimisulfan, tefuryltrione, ketospiradox, mesotrione, benzobicyclon, sulcotrione, tembotrione, bromobutide, triafamone, propyrisulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron, imazosulfuron, penoxsulam, pyraclonil, pentoxazone, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, butachlor, pretilachlor, fentrazamide, mefenacet, oxaziclomefone, ipfencarbazone and fenoxasulfone.
  • the liquid reagent contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of pyrimisulfan, tefuryltrione, ketospir
  • An eleventh aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of herbicides, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, microbials, molluscicides, fertilizers safeners and phytotonic compounds, and combinations thereof.
  • a twelfth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the water solubility of the liquid reagent is lower than 100 mg/L, preferably lower than 50 mg/L, and most preferred lower than 10 mg/L.
  • the water solubility is the value that would be measured at pH 7 and 20°C.
  • the embodiments of the present invention enable a liquid reagent to be dripped uniformly between a plurality of planted hillings following passage of a rice transplanter. Because the applied liquid reagent can diffuse across all of a plurality of hillings, a uniform control effect and superior safety of the paddy field rice plants (superior selectivity) can be achieved. Further, compared with conventional liquid reagent application methods, the method according to the embodiments of the present invention can prevent the liquid reagent from making direct contact with the paddy field rice plants during application of the liquid reagent, and can therefore prevent chemical damage caused by contact of the liquid reagent with the leaves of the rice plants and further enhance growth of the rice plants effectively.
  • a further advantage of the present invention over the prior art is an even dispersion of the liquid reagent, even if the liquid reagent has a very low or medium water solubility.
  • An example for an active reagent with very low water solubility is oxadiargyl (0.37 mg/L)
  • an example for an active reagent with medium water solubility is triafamone (39 mg/L).
  • the even dispersion of the liquid reagent, even in case of very low water solubility of the reagent results in an even control of weeds, pests and/or fungi and prevention of crop damage.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device 1 according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of the application unit 2 according to one embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a valve.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a state wherein an application device of the present invention mounted on a rice transplanter.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the strucuture of the application unit 2' according to a further embodiment.
  • a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device 1 includes an application unit 2, an application operation control device 3 which controls application of the liquid reagent from the application unit 2 in synchronization with the seedling planting action of the rice transplanter, and a battery 4 that functions as the power source for each unit.
  • the battery 4 may utilize the existing battery of the rice transplanter.
  • the application unit 2 contains a tank 10, a pump 12, a first pipeline 14, a second pipeline 16, an air-catch chamber 18, and a distribution unit 20.
  • the tank 10 stores a liquid reagent such as a suspension (flowable reagent).
  • the pump 12 draws the liquid reagent from the tank 10, and carries the liquid reagent through the first and second pipelines 14, 16 to the distribution unit 20.
  • a so-called tube pump is employed as the pump 12.
  • a tube pump has a structure in which a roller is pressed against a tube, and the liquid reagent contained inside the tube is forced out of the tube by rotating this roller.
  • the first pipeline 14 is a soft tube formed from a silicon resin or the like, wherein one end 14a of the tube is inserted inside the tank 10, and the other end 14b is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 extending substantially in a vertical direction, with the pump 12 disposed between the two ends.
  • the second pipeline 16 is a soft resin tube, wherein one end 16a of the tube is connected to the air-catch chamber 18, and the other end 16b is connected to the distribution unit 20.
  • the chamber 18 can be expressed as a chamber incorporated into a pipeline comprising the first and second pipelines 14, 16.
  • the air-catch chamber 18 captures the air contained within the liquid reagent supplied from the tank 10 via the first pipeline 14.
  • the chamber 18 can be expressed as a mechanism that receives the liquid reagent carried by the first pipeline 14 and captures air contained in the received liquid reagent.
  • the distribution unit 20 distributes and discharges the liquid reagent supplied from the tank 10 via the first pipeline 14, the air-catch chamber 18 and the second pipeline 16.
  • the other end 14b of the first pipeline 14 is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 at a higher position than the end 16a of the second pipeline 16. An adequate spatial margin is left inside the air-catch chamber 18 above the position where the other end of the first pipeline 14 is connected.
  • the air-catch chamber 18 is provided with an exhaust unit 22 for exhausting air from inside the chamber, and a drainage unit 25 for discharging residual liquid reagent from inside the chamber.
  • the exhaust unit 22 includes an exhaust pipe 23, one end 23a of which is connected to the air- catch chamber 18 and the other end 23b of which is open, and an exhaust valve 24 which is provided partway along the exhaust pipe 23 and can seal the exhaust pipe.
  • the exhaust pipe 23 is formed from a soft resin tube, and the end 23a of the tube is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 at a higher position in the vertical direction than the other end 14b of the first pipeline 14.
  • the drainage unit 25 includes a drainage pipeline 26, one end 26a of which is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 and the other end 26b of which is open, and a drainage valve 27 which is provided partway along the drainage pipeline 26 and can seal the drainage pipeline.
  • the drainage pipeline 26 is formed from a soft resin tube, and the end 26a of the tube is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 at a lower position in the vertical direction than all of the other pipelines connected to the air-catch chamber 18.
  • the drainage valve 27 is used, following completion of operations using the application device 1, for extracting the liquid reagent inside the air-catch chamber 18.
  • the distribution unit 20 includes a cylindrical distribution chamber 30 formed from a hard material, a plurality of (two or more) third pipelines 32, one end 32a of which is connected to the distribution chamber 30 and the other end 32b of which is open to the atmosphere, and a valve 40 provided within each of a plurality of third pipelines 32.
  • the other end 16b of the second pipeline 16 connected to the distribution chamber 30 is located at a higher position than the ends 32a of the third pipelines 32 connected to the distribution chamber 30.
  • the chamber 30 may have any hollow shape as long as it can carry the liquid reagent along the direction the chamber 30 extends.
  • the chamber 30 may have any cross-sectional shape including, but not limited to a circle, ellipse, rectangle, triangle, and polygon, etc.
  • the distribution chamber 30, which is extending substantially in a horizontal direction, is attached substantially horizontally to the rice transplanter, at a position lower than the air-catch chamber 18.
  • the end 16a of the second pipeline 16 is located at a higher position than the other end 16b of the second pipeline 16.
  • the third pipelines 32 are formed from soft resin tubes, wherein one end 32a of each pipeline is connected to the distribution chamber 30 at a lower position in the vertical direction than the other end 16b of the second pipeline 16. Further, the end 32a of each of the third pipelines 32 is located at a higher position than the other end 32b of the pipeline.
  • the third pipelines 32 are positioned at equal intervals across the lengthwise direction of the distribution chamber 30.
  • the number of third pipelines 32 is set to 5 in the case of a 6-row rice transplanter, and set to 7 in the case of an 8-row rice transplanter.
  • the structure of the distribution unit 20 is determined appropriately in accordance with the specifications of the rice transplanter, so that the other ends of the third pipelines 32 correspond with the spaces between each of the planted hillings.
  • Each pipeline of the third pipelines 32 may include a cock 32c capable of selectively opening or closing.
  • the cock can allow the liquid reagent to flow through the pipeline when it opens. Also, it can prevent the liquid reagent from flowing through the pipeline when it closes.
  • the application unit 2 can prevent the liquid reagent from unintentionally flowing through each pipeline 32. For example, when the application unit 2 is not working, each cock 32c can close to prevent the liquid reagent from going through its corresponding pipeline 32.
  • each valve 40 add resistance to the liquid reagent traveling through the inside of the third pipelines 32.
  • each valve 40 includes a two-piece separable case 41, at least one valve member, for example, two rubber valve members 42, 43 that are disposed inside the case 41 in an embodiment, and a rubber O-ring 48.
  • the case 41 includes a female case 44 and a male case 45, each of which generally has a cylindrical shape to receive the valve members 42, 43.
  • a female thread section 44a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the female case 44, and a male thread section 45a that mates with the female thread section 44a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the male case 45.
  • the female thread section 44a and the male thread section 45a may engage the femal case 44 with the male case 45.
  • a liquid reagent inlet port 44b is formed in the female case 44, and a liquid reagent discharge port 45b is formed in the male case.
  • the inlet port 44b is connected to the upstream section of the third pipeline 32, and the discharge port 45b is connected to the downstream section of the third pipeline 32.
  • the valve members 42 and 43 may be, for example, of exactly the same shape, and be formed with a conical shape in which the diameter decreases in a stepwise manner.
  • a slot 46 that runs in a radial direction is formed in the surface at the tip of the valve member 42 (or 43). The slot penetrates through the valve member 42 (or 43) from inside to out, but remains closed unless a pressure larger than a predetermined value acts upon the liquid reagent supplied from the inlet port 44b. When the pressure acting on the liquid reagent exceeds this predetermined value, the slot opens, allowing the liquid reagent to flow from the inlet port 44b toward the discharge port 45b.
  • valve members 42, 43 are described in detail.
  • each of the valve members 42, 43 may be configured to have a tube-shape.
  • each valve member may include a first cylindrical member 42a (43a), a second cylindrical member 42b (43b) connected to the first cylindrical member 42a (43a), a third cylindrical member 42c (43c) connected to the second cylindrical member 42b (43b), and a fourth cylindrical member 42d (43d) connected to the third cylindrical member 42c (43c), for example. All of the first, second, third, and fourth members communicate with one another.
  • the first cylindrical member 42a (43a) has a top surface (for example, top planar surface) on which the slot 46 is formed.
  • the top surface faces the discharge port 45b of the male case 45.
  • the fourth cylindrical member 42d (43d) has an opening (which is not shown in Fig.3) which communicates with the first, second, and third members. The opening faces the inlet port 44b of the femal case 44.
  • Each of the first, second, third, and fourth cylindrical members has an internal diameter and an outer diameter.
  • the outer diameter of each member is greater than the internal diameter of the member.
  • the internal diameter of the second member 42b (43b) is greater than both of the internal and outer diameters of the first member 42a (43b).
  • the internal diameter of the third member 42c (43c) is greater than both of the internal and outer diameters of the second member 42b (43b).
  • the internal diameter of the fourth member 42d (43d) is greater than both of the internal and outer diameter of the third member 42c (43c).
  • the first cylindrical member 43a of the valve member 43 can enter the fourth, third, and second cylindrical members 42d, 42c, 42b of the valve member 42.
  • the first member 43a cannot be inserted into the first cylindrical member 42a of the valve member 42 since the outer diameter of the first member 43a of the valve member 43 is greater than the internal diameter of the first member 42a.
  • the top surface of the first member 43a is positioned at a distance from the top surface of the first member 42a when the valve member 43 is engaged with the valve member 42.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an example where the valve 40 may be configured to receive two valve members. However, in an embodiment, the valve 40 may be configured to receive three or more valve members. A person skilled in the art may understand that the more valve members (the slots 46) are there in the valve 40, the less the difference in the amount of the liquid reagent which flows through valves 40 becomes.
  • each valve member comprises one or more cylindrical member.
  • each valve member may comprise one or more member having any hollow shape as long as the one or more member can carry the liquid reagent.
  • the one or more member may have any cross-sectional shape including, but not limited to a circle, ellipse, rectangle, triangle, and polygon, etc.
  • the O-ring 48 is interposed between the female case 44 and the male case 45 that constitute the case 41, and seals the space between the two engaged cases.
  • the application operation control device 3 includes a conversion mechanism that converts the back and forth motion of the seedling tray S of the rice transplanter into a rotational action, a proximity switch, and a control unit and the like. Details relating to the construction of the application operation control device 3 are described in Japanese Patent Application, First Publication No. 2008-48659, and therefore further description of this device is omitted here.
  • the tank 10, the pump 12 and the air-catch chamber 18 of the application unit 2 are housed inside a first casing 13a together with the control unit 3a of the application operation control device 3, whereas the other sections of the application operation control device 3 excluding the control unit are housed inside a second casing 13b.
  • the first casing 13a and the distribution chamber 30 are secured to a portal-shaped frame F that is fitted to the rear of the seedling tray S.
  • the distribution chamber 30 is secured to the portal-shaped frame F so that the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32 correspond with the spaces between the hillings in which the seedlings are planted, namely so that the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32 are positioned in spaces between the scraper blades C of the rice transplanter (see Fig. 1).
  • the first casing 13a should at least be positioned above the distribution chamber 30.
  • the second casing 13b is secured to the underside of the seedling tray S. Details relating to the method used for securing the second casing 13b are also described in Japanese Patent Application, First Publication No. 2008-48659, and therefore further description is omitted here.
  • Pest control using the application device 1 and ⁇ (employing the application unit 2' instead of the application unit 2) constructed in the above manner is described below.
  • Examples of the chemical reagent that is applied in order to achieve the desired control include herbicides, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, microbials, molluscicides, fertilizers, safeners and phytotonic compounds, and combinations thereof, and specific examples of each of these are presented below.
  • a rice transplanter having bundles of rice seedlings mounted thereon is driven into the field, and the main switch of the application device 1 and ⁇ is switched on.
  • the seedling tray S starts a back and forth motion that is synchronized with the seedling scraping action performed by the scraper blades C.
  • a proximity switch contained within the application operation control device 3 then outputs a signal synchronized with the back and forth motion of the seedling tray S.
  • the control unit 3a operates the pump 12 in an intermittent manner.
  • the pump 12 rotates the roller by a preset amount of rotation upon each intermittent operation, thereby discharging an amount of the liquid reagent proportional to the amount of rotation of the roller.
  • the amount of rotation of the roller can be adjusted as desired, enabling the amount of the liquid reagent discharged (namely, the amount of application) per intermittent operation of the pump to be altered depending on the type of liquid reagent being applied.
  • the pump 12 may also be operated alone, in a continuous manner.
  • the liquid reagent is discharged from the other ends 32b of each of the third pipelines 32.
  • These other ends 32b of the third pipelines are positioned in the spaces between the scraper blades C of the rice transplanter, and as a result, the liquid reagent discharged from other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32 is dripped into all of the spaces between the hillings in the field in which the seedlings are planted.
  • the liquid reagent is dripped intermittently into the spaces between the 6 rows of seedlings planted following passage of the rice transplanter, namely into all 5 spaces between the hillings, with an interval between the intermittent applications that corresponds with the driving speed of the rice transplanter.
  • the liquid reagent is dripped intermittently into the spaces between the 8 rows of seedlings planted following passage of the rice transplanter, namely into all 7 spaces between the hillings, with an interval between the intermittent applications that corresponds with the driving speed of the rice transplanter. Because the dripped liquid reagent diffuses across all 6 or 8 rows of hillings, a uniform control effect can be obtained. Moreover, even if the depth of the water in the field during planting is shallow, the active ingredient of the chemical reagent can still be diffused satisfactorily.
  • the liquid reagent was dripped into all of the spaces between a plurality of hillings planted by the rice transplanter, depending on the properties of the liquid reagent, the liquid reagent may only need to be dripped into some of the spaces between a plurality of hillings.
  • some of the third pipelines 32 may be sealed using a separately prepared sealing mechanism (such as a clip), or the distribution unit may be exchanged with a unit having fewer third pipelines 32.
  • a prepared liquid reagent is fed into the tank 10.
  • the pump 12 is rotated continuously.
  • the liquid reagent stored in the tank 10 is aspirated, and the aspirated liquid reagent is discharged from the pump 12.
  • the liquid reagent discharged from the pump 12 forces any residual air inside the first pipeline 14 out from the other end 14b of the first pipeline 14 and into the air-catch chamber 18. As a result, the retention of dead air space in the first pipeline 14 almost never occurs.
  • the liquid reagent that flows into the air-catch chamber 18 accumulates in the bottom of the air- catch chamber 18, and then flows into the end 16a of the second pipeline 16.
  • the liquid reagent that flows into the second pipeline 16 flows into the distribution chamber 30, and then flows into the ends 32a of a plurality of third pipelines 32. Because the valves 40 impart flow resistance, the liquid reagent that flows into the third pipelines 32 is not immediately discharged from the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32, and the internal pressure within the sequential pathway composed of the first pipeline 14, the air-catch chamber 18, the second pipeline 16, the distribution chamber 30 and the third pipelines 32 gradually increases as additional liquid reagent is supplied by the pump 12. During this period, no flow of the liquid reagent occurs through the path from the air-catch chamber 18 to the third pipelines 32.
  • the ends 32a of the third pipelines 32 are located at higher positions than the other ends 32b of the same pipelines, and the end 16a of the second pipeline 16 is located at a higher position than the other end 16b of the same pipeline. Moreover, the other end 16b of the second pipeline 16 that is connected to the distribution chamber 30 is disposed at a higher position than the ends 32a of the third pipelines 32 connected to the distribution chamber 30.
  • any air remaining inside the third pipelines 32 floats up through the third pipelines 32 towards the distribution chamber 30, any air remaining inside the distribution chamber 30 flows up into the second pipeline 16, and any air remaining inside the second pipeline 16 floats up through the second pipeline 16 towards the air-catch chamber 18.
  • any air remaining inside the first pipeline 14 flows into the air-catch chamber 18 under the pressurizing action of the pump 12, whereas any air remaining inside the second pipeline 16, the distribution chamber 30 and the third pipelines 32 floats up into the air- catch chamber 18 as a result of the inherent height differences. In this manner, almost all of the air remaining within the pathway from the tank 10 through to the third pipelines 32 is collected within the air-catch chamber 18.
  • the internal pressure within the sequential pathway composed of the first pipeline 14, the air- catch chamber 18, the second pipeline 16, the distribution chamber 30 and the third pipelines 32 gradually increases as additional liquid reagent is supplied by the pump 12, and when that internal pressure eventually exceeds the flow resistance imparted by the valves 40, the liquid reagent is discharged from the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32.
  • the exhaust valve 24 is opened, and the air accumulated inside the air-catch chamber 18 is extracted.
  • the air inside the air-catch chamber 18 is also under pressure as a result of the increase in the internal pressure inside the sequential pathway, and is therefore discharged rapidly from the other end 23b of the exhaust pipe 23 that is open to the atmosphere.
  • the expression "dripped uniformly" means that the drip amount of the liquid reagent from each of the other ends 32b may diverge by a maximum of 50% from the average drip amount of the liquid reagent across all of the other ends 32b, although this divergence is preferably not more than 30%, and most preferably 20% or less.
  • the application unit 2 may be configured to include an optional tank 10' which stores a liquid reagent as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the tank 10' is connected to the tank 10 through a pipeline 11.
  • the one end of the pipeline 11 communicates with the tank 10' while the other end of the pipeline 11 communicates with the tank 10.
  • the pipeline 11 includes a pump 12' used to draw the liquid reagent from the tank 10' and carry the reagent into the tank 10.
  • a sensor 13 which detects whether or not the top surface of the liquid reagent contained in the tank 10 reaches a predetermined level and which sends a control signal to the pump 12' depending on the result of the detection.
  • the tank 10' may be housed inside the casing 13a along with the tank 10, etc.
  • the sensor 13 when the sensor 13 detects that the predetermined level is reached by the top surface of the liquid reagent, the sensor 13 sends a control signal to the pump 12' to deactivate the pump 12'. On the contrary, when the sensor 13 detects that the predetermined level is not reached by the top surface of the liquid reagent, the sensor 13 sends a control signal to the pump 12' to activate the pump 12'. Therefore, the top surface of the liquid reagent can be maintained at around the predetermined level.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the strucuture of the application unit 2' according to a further embodiment.
  • the structure of the application unit according to the further embodiment will be described in detail below. It should be noted that only the structure specific to the further embodiment will be described and that the description regarding the structure common to that described above with rereference to Figs. 1 to 4 will be therefore omitted.
  • Fig. 5 shows an application unit 2' according to a further embodiment.
  • the pump 12 is connected to the distribution chamber 30 through a pipeline 52.
  • One end of the pipeline 52 is connected to the pump 12 while an opposite end of the pipeline 52 is connected to the chamber 30.
  • the pipeline 52 carries the liquid reagent drawn by the pump 12 to the chamber 30.
  • an additional pipeline 54 Provided between the chamber 30 and the tank 10 is an additional pipeline 54.
  • One end 54a of the pipeline 54 is connected to the tank 10 while opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 are connected to the chamber 30.
  • two opposite ends 54b, 54c may be connected to both ends of the chamber 30 extending in a horizontal direction.
  • the pipeline 54 receives the liquid reagent provided to the chamber 30 from the pump 12 and carries the received liquid reagent to the tank 10.
  • the air may be forced to move toward either end of the chamber 30 because of the flow of the liquid reagent applied by the pumb 12.
  • the air which tends to float in the liquid reagent, may finally reach the opposite end 54b or the opposite end 54c and then move upwardly along the pipeline 54. Therefore, the air may be carried to the tank 10 along the pipeline 54.
  • the pipeline 54 may functions to receive the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline 52 and the chamber 30 and capture the air contained in the received liquid reagent.
  • the difference in the amount of the liquid reagents which flow through the pipelines 32 may also be minimized and discharging flow of the air contained liquid reagent from one end 54a into the tank 10 stirs the liquid reagent in the tank 10 so then prevents segregation of the liquid reagent.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the best embodiment where the opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 are connected to both ends of the chamber 30.
  • the opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 may be connected to any position distant from the both ends of the chamber 30 because these opposite ends 54b, 54c may capture the air present in the chamber 30 more or less.
  • the air carried by the pipeline 52 might arrive at the positions near the both ends of the chamber 30 and then move downwardly to the pipelines 32, which may unintentionally increase the difference in the amount of the liquid reagent discharged by the pipelines 32. Therefore, the opposite ends 54b, 54c may be advantageously connected to both ends of the chamber 30 as illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • the opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 may be advantageously connected to the top surface of the chamber 30 compared to the side surface or the bottom surface of the chamber 30.
  • the opposite ends of the pipeline 54 may be connected to the side surface or the bottom surface of the chamber 30 because these opposite ends may still capture the air contained in the chamber 30 more or less.
  • Fig. 5 may be implemented instead of or along with that described above with reference to Fig. 2.
  • the structure illustrated in Fig. 5 may operate in cooperation with that illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • the application units described above with reference to, for example, Figs. 2 and 5 may be advantageously mounted on a rice transplanter. However, the application units may also be mounted on any device which requires the structure where liquid reagents should be discharged from two or more pipelines (valves) so that the difference in the amount of the liquid reagents which flow through the pipelines (valves) may be minimized.
  • Each pipeline 32 may include a cock 32c capable of selectively opening or closing, as described above with reference to Fig. 2.
  • each cock 32c is also made closed.
  • air may be produced anywhere in the unit 2' (for example, chamber 30, pipelines 52, 54, etc.)
  • the pump 12 may be activated with each cock 32c closed.
  • the air produced in the unit 2' may be captured by the pipeline 54 and carried back to the tank 10. Therefore, the amount of the air contained in the chamber 30 may be minimized.
  • each cock 32 may be opened to allow each pipeline 32 to discharge the liquid reagent.
  • the pipeline 54 may include a valve which is the same as the valve 40 described above near the one end 54a of the pipeline 54, as shown in Fig. 5. With the valve 40, the pressure of the reagent flowing through the one end 54a of the pipeline 54 can be adjusted to balance with that of the reagent flowing through the end 32b of each pipeline 32.
  • Fig. 5 shows the valve 40 may be provided inside the tank 10, the valve 40 may also be provided outside the tank 10.
  • the optional tank 10' and the elements associated with the tank 10' may be used to maintain the top surface of the liquid reagent contained in the tank 10 at around the predetermined level in the embodiment described with reference to Fig. 5.
  • Examples of the herbicides and plant growth regulators that may be used in the control process include known active materials that act as inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, cellulose synthase, enolpyruvylshikimate-3 -phosphate synthase, glutamine synthase, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, phytoene desaturase, photo system I, photo system II or protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and specific examples of such active materials are disclosed, for example, in Weed Research 26 (1986), 441 to 445, "The Pesticide Manual” 15th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006, and references cited within these publications.
  • herbicides include the active materials listed below (wherein the compounds are described by "common name” in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), or by chemical name or code number). Further, the active materials listed include all of the applied forms such as the acid, base and ester, as well as variants such as isomers, stereoisomers, and optical isomers. At least one applied form and/or variant is disclosed for each example.
  • herbicides that can be used in the present invention are listed below in terms of their respective mechanisms of action.
  • Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid-based ACCase inhibitors clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-P-ethyl and metamifop.
  • Cyclohexanedione-based ACCase inhibitors alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim.
  • Phenylpyrazoline-based ACCase inhibitors pinoxaden.
  • Sulfonylurea-based ALS inhibitors amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-Na, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysul
  • Imidazolinone-based ALS inhibitors imazapic, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr.
  • Triazolopyrimidine-based ALS inhibitors cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam and penoxsulam.
  • Pyrimidinylsalicylic acid-based ALS inhibitors bispyribac-sodium, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyriminobac-methyl and pyrimisulfan.
  • Triazolinone-based ALS inhibitors flucarbazone-sodium, propoxycarbazone-sodium and thiencarbazone.
  • Triazine-based inhibitors ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmetryn, dimethamethryn, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazine.
  • Triazinone-based inhibitors hexazinone, metamitron and metribuzin.
  • Triazolinone-based inhibitors amicarbazone.
  • Uracil-based inhibitors bromacil, lenacil and terbacil.
  • Phenylcarbamate-based inhibitors desmedipham and phenmedipham.
  • Urea-based inhib iters chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron and tebuthiuron.
  • Amide-based inhibitors propanil and pentanochlor.
  • Nitrile-based inhibitors bromofenoxim, bromoxynil and ioxynil.
  • Benzothiadiazinone-based inhibitors bentazone.
  • Phenylpyridazine-based inhibitors pyridate and pyridafol.
  • Bipyridinium-based agents diquat and paraquat.
  • PPO Protoporphyrinogen oxidase
  • Diphenyl ether-based inhibitors acifluorfen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, fluoroglycofen, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen and chlomethoxynil.
  • Phenylpyrazole-based inhibitors fluazolate and pyraflufen-ethyl.
  • N-phenylphthalimide-based inhibitors cinidon-ethyl, flumioxazin and flumiclorac-pentyl.
  • Thiadiazole-based inhibitors fluthiacet-methyl and oxadiargyl.
  • Oxadiazole-based inhibitors oxadiazon and oxadiargyl.
  • Triazolinone-based inhibitors azafenidin, carfentrazone-ethyl and sulfentrazone.
  • Oxazolidinedione-based inhibitors pentoxazone.
  • Pyrimidinedione-based inhibitors benzfendizone and butafenacil.
  • Pyridinecarboxamide-based inhibitors diflufenican and picolinafen.
  • Triketone-based inhibitors mesotrione, sulcotrione, benzobicyclon and tefuryltrione.
  • Isoxazole-based inhibitors isoxachlortole and isoxaflutole.
  • Pyrazole-based inhibitors benzofenap, pyrazolynate and pyrazoxyfen.
  • Triazole-based reagents amitrole.
  • Iosoxazolidinone-based reagents clomazone.
  • Diphenyl ether-based reagents aclonifen.
  • Glycine-based inhibitors glyphosate and glyphosate-trimesium.
  • Phosphinic acid-based inhibitors glufosinate and bilanafos.
  • Carbamate-based inhibitors asulam.
  • Dinitroaniline-based inhibitors bethrodine, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin and trifluralin.
  • Phosphoramide-based inhibitors amiprofos-methyl and butamifos.
  • Pyridine-based inhibitors dithiopyr and thiazopyr.
  • Benzamide-based inhibitors propyzamide, tebutam and chlorthal-dimethyl.
  • Carbamate-based inhibitors chlorpropham, propham and carbetamide.
  • Chloroacetamide-based inhibitors acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, metazachlor, metolachlor, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor and thenylchlor.
  • Acetamide-based inhibitors diphenamid, napropamide and naproanilide.
  • Oxyacetamide-based inhibitors flufenacet and mefenacet.
  • Tetrazolinone-based inhibitors fentrazamide.
  • Nitrile-based inhibitors dichlobenil and chlorthiamid.
  • Benzamide-based inhibitors isoxaben.
  • Triazolocarboximide-based inhibitors flupoxam.
  • Quinolinecarboxylic acid-based inhibitors quinclorac.
  • Thiocarbamate-based inhibitors butylate, cycloate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, benthiocarb, piributicarb, thiocarbazil, triallate and vernolate.
  • Phosphate dithioate-based inhibitors bensulide.
  • Benzofuran-based inhibitors benfuresate and ethofumesate
  • Chlorocarbonic acid-based inhibitors TCA, dalapon and tetrapion.
  • Phenoxycarboxylic acid-based reagents clomeprop, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB and MCPP.
  • Benzoic acid-based reagents chloramben, dicamba and 2,3,6-TBA.
  • Pyridinecarboxylic acid-based reagents clopyralid, fluoroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr, quinclorac and quinmerac.
  • Naphthalamate-based inhibitors naptalam.
  • Semicarbazone-based inhibitors diflufenzopyr-sodium.
  • Arylaminopropionic acid-based reagents flamprop-M-methyl and flamprop-isopropyl.
  • Organic arsenic-based reagents DSMA and MSMA. Others: bromobutide, chlorflurenol, cumyluron, dazomet, daimuron, methyldaimuron, etobenzanid, fosamine, indanofan, metam, oxaziclomefone, oleic acid, pelargonic acid and piributicarb.
  • sulfonylurea-based compounds sulfonanilide-based compounds, benzoylcyclohexanedione-based compounds and salts thereof are preferred as the herbicide.
  • particularly preferred herbicides include the sulfonanilide-based compounds pyrimisulfan and triafamone.
  • specific examples of the benzoylcyclohexanedione- based compounds include tefuryltrione, ketospiradox, mesotrione, sulcotrione and tembotrione.
  • plant growth regulators are:
  • Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis for example (1.1) aldimorph, (1.2) azaconazole, (1.3) bitertanol, (1.4) bromuconazole, (1.5) cyproconazole, (1.6) diclobutrazole, (1.7) difenoconazole, (1.8) diniconazole, (1.9) diniconazole-M, (1.10) dodemorph, (1.11) dodemorph acetate, (1.12) epoxiconazole, (1.13) etaconazole, (1.14) fenarimol, (1.15) fenbuconazole, (1.16) fenhexamid, (1.17) fenpropidin, (1.18) fenpropimorph, (1.19) fluquinconazole, (1.20) flurprimidol, (1.21) flusilazole, (1.22) flutriafol, (1.23) furconazole, (1.24) furconazole-cis,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II for example (2.1) bixafen, (2.2) boscalid, (2.3) carboxin, (2.4) diflumetorim, (2.5) fenfuram, (2.6) fluopyram, (2.7) flutolanil, (2.8) fluxapyroxad, (2.9) furametpyr, (2.10) furmecyclox, (2.11) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.12) isopyrazam (anti- epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.13) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.14) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.15) isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS),
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.1) ametoctradin, (3.2) amisulbrom, (3.3) azoxystrobin, (3.4) cyazofamid, (3.5) coumethoxystrobin, (3.6) coumoxystrobin, (3.7) dimoxystrobin, (3.8) enoxastrobin, (3.9) famoxadone, (3.10) fenamidone, (3.11) flufenoxystrobin, (3.12) fluoxastrobin, (3.13) kresoxim-methyl, (3.14) metominostrobin, (3.15) orysastrobin, (3.16) picoxystrobin, (3.17) pyraclostrobin, (3.18) pyrametostrobin, (3.19) pyraoxystrobin, (3.20) pyribencarb, (3.21) triclopyricarb, (3.22) trifloxystrobin, (3.23) (2E)-2-(2- ⁇ [6-(3
  • Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division for example (4.1) benomyl, (4.2) carbendazim, (4.3) chlorfenazole, (4.4) diethofencarb, (4.5) ethaboxam, (4.6) fluopicolide, (4.7) fuberidazole, (4.8) pencycuron, (4.9) thiabendazole, (4.10) thiophanate-methyl, (4.11) thiophanate, (4.12) zoxamide, (4.13) 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-l-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5- a]pyrimidine, (4.14) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine .
  • Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.1) andoprim, (7.2) blasticidin-S, (7.3) cyprodinil, (7.4) kasugamycin, (7.5) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate,
  • Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.1) fentin acetate, (8.2) fentin chloride, (8.3) fentin hydroxide, (8.4) silthiofam.
  • Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis for example (9.1) benthiavalicarb, (9.2) dimethomorph, (9.3) flumorph, (9.4) iprovalicarb, (9.5) mandipropamid, (9.6) polyoxins, (9.7) polyoxorim, (9.8) validamycin A, (9.9) valifenalate, (9.10) polyoxin B.
  • Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis for example (10.1) biphenyl, (10.2) chloroneb, (10.3) dicloran, (10.4) edifenphos, (10.5) etridiazole, (10.6) iodocarb, (10.7) iprobenfos, (10.8) isoprothiolane, (10.9) propamocarb, (10.10) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.11) prothiocarb,
  • Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis for example (11.1) carpropamid, (11.2) diclocymet, (11 3) fenoxanil, (11.4) phthalide, (11.5) pyroquilon, (11.6) tricyclazole, (11.7) 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl ⁇ 3-methyl-l-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl ⁇ carbamate.
  • Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.1) benalaxyl, (12.2) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.3) bupirimate, (12.4) clozylacon, (12.5) dimethirimol, (12.6) ethirimol, (12.7) furalaxyl, (12.8) hymexazol, (12.9) metalaxyl, (12.10) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), (12.11) ofurace, (12.12) oxadixyl, (12.13) oxolinic acid, (12.14) octhilinone.
  • Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example (13.1) chlozolinate, (13.2) fenpiclonil, (13.3) fludioxonil, (13.4) iprodione, (13.5) procymidone, (13.6) quinoxyfen, (13.7) vinclozolin, (13.8) proquinazid.
  • Insecticides/acaricides/nematicides that may be used in the control process in mixed formulations or in tank mix specified herein by their "common name” are known and described, for example, in the Pesticide Manual ("The Pesticide Manual", 14th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2006) or can be searched in the internet (e.g. littp://ww 7 w.alanwood.net/pesticides).
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for example
  • carbamates e.g. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC, and Xylylcarb; or
  • organophosphates e.g. Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos-ethyl, Azinphos-methyl, Cadusafos, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Coumaphos, Cyanophos, Demeton-S-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Imicyafos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl 0-(methoxyaminothio- phosphoryl) salicylate, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Me
  • cyclodiene organochlorines e.g. Chlordane and Endosulfan
  • phenylpyrazoles e.g. Ethiprole and Fipronil.
  • Sodium channel modulators / voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers for example pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin, Allethrin, d-cis-trans Allethrin, d-trans Allethrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, Bioresmethrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, beta-Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, lambda-Cyhalothrin, gamma-Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, alpha- Cypermethrin, beta-Cypermethrin, theta-Cypermethrin, zeta-Cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin [(1R)- trans isomers], Deltamethrin, Empenthrin [(EZ)-(IR) isomers), Esfenvalerate, Ether
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists for example
  • neonicotinoids e.g. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Thiacloprid, and Thiamethoxam; or
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators for example
  • spinosyns e.g. Spinetoram and Spinosad.
  • Chloride channel activators for example
  • avermectins/milbemycins e.g. Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin, and Milbemectin.
  • juvenile hormon analogues e.g. Hydroprene, Kinoprene, and Methoprene; or
  • Fenoxycarb or Pyriproxyfen.
  • alkyl halides e.g. Methyl bromide and other alkyl halides
  • Chloropicrin or Sulfuryl fluoride; or Borax; or Tartar emetic.
  • Mite growth inhibitors e.g. Clofentezine, Hexythiazox, and Diflovidazin; or
  • Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B. t. crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, CrylA.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 Abl/35Abl; or
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase for example Diafenthiuron; or organotin miticides, e.g. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, and Fenbutatin oxide; or
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers for example Bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, Thiocyclam, and Thiosultap-sodium.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 0, for example Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Teflubenzuron, and Trifiumuron.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1, for example Buprofezin.
  • Moulting disrupters for example Cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists for example Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide, and Tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists for example Amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors for example Hydramethylnon; or Acequinocyl; or Fluacrypyrim.
  • METI acaricides e.g. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, and Tolfenpyrad; or
  • tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives e.g. Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, and Spirotetramat.
  • phosphines e.g. Aluminium phosphide, Calcium phosphide, Phosphine, and Zinc phosphide; or Cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors for example beta-ketonitrile derivatives, e.g. Cyenopyrafen and Cyflumetofen.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators for example
  • diamides e.g. Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, and Flubendiamide.
  • the microbials according to the invention in combination with good plant tolerance and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and being tolerated well by the environment, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector. They can be preferably employed as plant protection agents. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development.
  • the abovementioned microbials include: Microbials from the domain Bacteria, microbials from the domain Fungi, insecticidal microbials from the domain Protozoa, insecticidal microbials from the domain Viruses, and microbials from the domain of entomopathogenic nematodes.
  • S T compounds of the type of dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3 -carboxylic acid (S T), preferably compounds such as l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5 -methyl -2 -pyrazoline-3 -carboxylic acid, ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-1) ("mefenpyr(-diethyl)"), and related compounds, as described in WO-A-91/07874;
  • S l b derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid (S l b ), preferably compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S I -2), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S 1-3), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(l, l-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S I -4) and related compounds, as described in EP-A-333 131 and EP-A-269 806;
  • S l°) derivatives of 1, 5 -diphenylpyrazole-3 -carboxylic acid S l°
  • compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S l-5), methyl l-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S l-6) and related compounds, as described, for example, in EP-A-268554;
  • S l d compounds of the type of triazolecarboxylic acids (S l d ), preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole(-ethyl), i.e. ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-(lH)-l,2,4-triazole-3- carboxylate (S l-7), and related compounds, as described in EP-A-174 562 and EP-A-346 620;
  • S l e compounds of the type of 5-benzyl- or 5 -phenyl -2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylic acid or 5,5- diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid (S l e ), preferably compounds such as ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-8) or ethyl 5 -phenyl -2-isoxazoline-3- carboxylate (S l-9) and related compounds, as described in WO-A-91/08202, or 5,5-diphenyl-2- isoxazolinecarboxylic acid (S 1-10) or ethyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylate (S l-11) ("isoxadifen-ethyl”) or n-propyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylate (S 1
  • S2 a Compounds of the group of 8-quinolinoxy derivatives (S2): S2 a ) compounds of the type of 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid (S2 a ), preferably 1-methylhexyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (common name "cloquintocet-mexyl” (S2-1),
  • S2 b compounds of the type of (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonic acid (S2 b ), preferably compounds such as diethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, diallyl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)malonate, methyl ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate and related compounds, as described in EP-A-0 582 198.
  • S3 Active compounds of the type of dichloroacetamides (S3) which are frequently used as pre-emergence safeners (soil-acting safeners), such as, for example,
  • R-29148 (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-2),
  • R-28725" (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-3),
  • R A 1 is (Ci-C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, where the 2 last-mentioned radicals are substituted by v A substituents from the group consisting of halogen, (d-C 4 )-alkoxy, halo-(Ci-C 6 )-alkoxy and (Ci-C 4 )-alkylthio and, in the case of cyclic radicals, also (Ci-C 4 )-alkyl and (Ci-C 4 )-haloalkyl;
  • R A 2 is halogen, (Ci-C 4 )-alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, CF 3
  • n A 1 or 2;
  • v D 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • R B 1 , R B 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, (d-C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl,
  • R B 3 is halogen, (Ci-C 4 )-alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-haloalkyl or (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy,
  • n B is 1 or 2;
  • R B 1 cyclopropyl
  • R B 2 hydrogen
  • (R B 3 ) 2-OMe
  • R B 1 cyclopropyl
  • R B 2 hydrogen
  • (R B 3 ) 5-Cl-2-OMe (S4-2)
  • R B 1 ethyl
  • R B 2 hydrogen
  • (R B 3 ) 2-OMe (S4-3)
  • R B 1 isopropyl
  • R B 2 hydrogen
  • (R B 3 ) 5-Cl-2-OMe (S4-4) and
  • R B 1 isopropyl
  • R B 2 hydrogen
  • (R B 3 ) 2-OMe (S4-5);
  • Rc 1 , c 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, (d-C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl,
  • Rc 3 is halogen, (d-C 4 )-alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, CF 3 ,
  • m c 1 or 2;
  • S4 d compounds of the type of N-phenylsulphonylterephthalamides of the formula (S4 d ) and salts thereof, which are known, for example, from CN 101838227,
  • R D 4 is halogen, (Ci-C 4 )-alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, CF 3 ;
  • n D is 1 or 2;
  • R D 5 is hydrogen, (Ci-C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyl, (C 5 -C 6 )- cycloalkenyl.
  • S5 Active compounds from the class of hydroxyaromatics and aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (S5), for example ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxysalicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicyclic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4- dichlorocinnamic acid, as described in WO-A-2004/084631, WO-A-2005/015994, WO-A- 2005/016001.
  • Active compounds from the class of l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones for example 1 -methyl-3 -(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, 1 -methyl-3 -(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2- dihydroquinoxaline-2-thione, 1 -(2 -aminoethyl)-3 -(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one hydrochloride, 1 -(2-methylsulphonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, as described in WO-A-2005/112630.
  • R D 1 is halogen, (d-C 4 )-alkyl, (d-C 4 )-haloalkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, (Ci-C 4 )-haloalkoxy,
  • R D 2 is hydrogen or (Ci-C 4 )-alkyl
  • R D 3 is hydrogen, (Ci-C 8 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 4 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 4 )-alkynyl or aryl, where each of the carbon-containing radicals mentioned above is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, preferably by up to three, identical or different radicals from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy; or salts thereof,
  • n D is an integer from 0 to 2.
  • RE 1 is halogen, (d-C 4 )-alkyl, methoxy, nitro, cyano, CF 3 , OCF 3
  • YE, Z e independently of one another are O or S,
  • n E is an integer from 0 to 4,
  • R E 2 is (Ci-Ci 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkenyl, (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, aryl; benzyl, halobenzyl,
  • R E 3 is hydrogen or (Ci-C 6 )-alkyl.
  • S l l Active compounds of the type of oxyimino compounds (S l l), which are known as seed dressings, such as, for example,
  • luxofenim 1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro- 1 -ethanone 0-( 1 ,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)oxime
  • S I 1-2 seed dressing safener for millet against metolachlor damage
  • CGA-43089 (Z)-cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (S I 1-3), which is known as seed dressing safener for millet against metolachlor damage.
  • S 12 Active compounds from the class of isothiochromanones (S 12), such as, for example, methyl [(3-oxo-lH-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate (CAS Reg. No. : 205121- 04-6) (S 12-1) and related compounds from WO-A-1998/13361.
  • S 12 isothiochromanones
  • naphthalic anhydrid (1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride) (S 13-1), which is known as seed dressing safener for corn against thiocarbamate herbicide damage,
  • MG 191 (CAS Reg. No.: 96420-72-3) (2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-l,3-dioxolane) (S 13-5) from Nitrokemia, which is known as safener for corn,
  • Active compounds which, besides a herbicidal effect against harmful plants, also have a safener effect on crop plants such as rice, such as, for example, "dimepiperate” or "MY 93" (S- 1 -methyl- 1-phenylethyl piperidine-l-carbothioate), which is known as safener for rice against molinate herbicide damage,
  • R H 1 is (Ci-C 6 )-haloalkyl
  • R H 2 is hydrogen or halogen
  • R H 3 , R H 4 independently of one another are hydrogen, (Ci-Ci 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -Ci 6 )-alkenyl or
  • each of the 3 last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, (Ci-C 4 )- haloalkoxy, (Ci-C 4 )-alkylthio, (Ci-C 4 )-alkylamino, di-[(Ci-C 4 )-alkyl]-amino, [(Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy]- carbonyl, [(Ci-C 4 )-haloalkoxy]-carbonyl, unsubstituted or substituted (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl;
  • each of the 4 last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, (Ci-C 4 )-alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-haloalkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, (Ci-C 4 )-haloalkoxy, (Ci-C 4 )-alkylthio, (Ci-C 4 )-alkylamino, di-(Ci-C 4 )-alkyl]- amino, [(Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy]-carbonyl, [(Ci-C 4 )-haloalkoxy]-carbonyl, unsubstituted or substituted (C 3 -C 6 )-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl; or
  • R H 3 is (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, (C 2 -C 4 )-alkenyloxy, (C 2 -C 6 )-alkynyloxy or (C 2 -C 4 )-haloalkoxy, and R H 4 is hydrogen or (Ci-C 4 )-alkyl, or
  • R H 3 and R H 4 together with the directly bound N-atom are a 4 to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, which can contain further hetero ring atoms besides the N-atom, preferably up to two further hetero ring atoms from the group consisting of N, O and S, and which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, (Ci-C 4 )- alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-haloalkyl, (Ci-C 4 )-alkoxy, (Ci-C 4 )-haloalkoxy, and (Ci-C 4 )-alkylthio.
  • Preferred safeners are: cloquintocet-mexyl, cyprosulfamid, fenchlorazole-ethyl, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, fenclorim, cumyluron, S4-1, and S4-5, particular preference is given to: cloquintocet-mexyl, cyprosulfamid, isoxadifen-ethyl, and mefenpyr-diethyl.
  • Herbicides e.g. triafamone, tefuryltrione, oxadiargyl, ethoxysulfuron, dymron
  • Insecticides e.g. imidacloprid
  • Fungicides e.g. isotianil
  • Fertilizers e.g. ZnS0 4
  • Safeners e.g. isoxadifen-ethyl
  • Molluscicides e.g. niclosamide (Bayluscide ® )
  • Biologicals e.g. microbes or signaling molecules; including Bacillus subtilis (QST 713) (Serenade ® ), Bacillus pumilis (QST 2818) (Sonata ® ), Blend of three terpenes (Requiem ® )
  • liquid reagent of the present invention a single compound (reagent) may be used as the agrochemical active ingredient, or a combination of a plurality of compounds may be used.
  • the liquid reagent applied in the method according to the invention comprises a combination of at least two different compounds selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides, and fertilizers.
  • the herbicides are selected from the group consisting of oxadiargyl, triafamone, tefuryltrione, fentrazamide, mefenacet, bensulfuron-methyl, and pretilachlor; the fungicide is isotianil; the insecticide is imidacloprid; the molluscicide is niclosamid; and the fertilizer is zinc.
  • Preferred examples of such combinations of at least two different compounds are selected from the group consisting of oxadiargyl and triafamone; oxadiargyl and tefuryltrione; oxadiargyl and tefuryltrione and fentrazamide; triafamone and tefuryltrione; fentrazamide and tefuryltrione; triafamone and fentrazamide and tefuryltrione; mefenacet and bensulfuron-methyl; pretilachlor and bensulfuron-methyl; triafamone and mefenacet and bensulfuron-methyl; and triafamone and pretilachlor and bensulfuron-methyl.
  • Further preferred are the ternary combinations triafamone, tefuryltrione, and oxadiargyl; and triafamone, oxadiargyl, and bens
  • liquid reagents comprising a combination of at least two different compounds are selected from the group consisting of triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil; triafamone and tefuryltrione and imidacloprid; triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil and imidacloprid; triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil and niclosamid; triafamone and tefuryltrione isotianil and imidacloprid and niclosamid, and triafamone and tefuryltrione isotianil and imidacloprid and niclosamid and zinc.
  • the liquid reagent comprises a combination of at least two different herbicides selected from the group of binary combinations consisting of oxadiargyl and triafamone; and triafamone and tefuryltrione; and the group of ternary combinations consisting of triafamone, tefuryltrione, and oxadiargyl; and triafamone, oxadiargyl, and bensulfuron-methyl.
  • the liquid reagent comprises a combination of triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil.
  • the liquid reagent comprises a combination of triafamone, tefuryltrione, isotianil, imidacloprid, and niclosamid.
  • the liquid reagent may exist in a variety of formulations, and specific examples include liquid reagents (aqueous suspensions (wherein a flowable reagent, emulsion or water-dispersible powder is suspended in water) and aqueous solutions), AL reagents and microcapsulated reagents.
  • liquid reagents aqueous suspensions (wherein a flowable reagent, emulsion or water-dispersible powder is suspended in water) and aqueous solutions
  • AL reagents aqueous solutions
  • microcapsulated reagents aqueous suspensions (wherein a flowable reagent, emulsion or water-dispersible powder is suspended in water) and aqueous solutions
  • These formulations may be prepared by known methods, for example by mixing the agrochemical active ingredient with a developer, namely a liquid diluent or carrier, and in some cases a surfactant, namely an emulsifier and/or a dispersant.
  • the flowable formulation is preferably an aqueous suspension composition which, in addition to the agrochemical active ingredient, includes water, a surfactant, a liquid diluent (organic solvent), and a polymer resin and particularly an acrylic resin (a (co)polymer resin containing an alkyl acrylate ester and/or alkyl methacrylate ester as a structural unit). If necessary, appropriate amounts of antifoaming agents, preservatives, thickeners, dispersants and antifreeze reagents and the like may also be added to the aqueous suspension composition.
  • the amount of the agrochemical active ingredient within the flowable formulation is typically within a range from 1 to 50 parts by weight and preferably from 5 to 40 parts by weight.
  • the amount of the surfactant is typically within a range from 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight.
  • the amount of the diluent is typically within a range from 1 to 50 parts by weight, and preferably from 5 to 30 parts by weight.
  • the amount of the acrylic resin is typically within a range from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, and preferably from 1 to 10 parts by weight.
  • the total amount of these other added components is typically within a range from 0 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably from 0 to 5 parts by weight.
  • the polymer resin within the aqueous suspension composition is preferably a granular polymer resin, and more preferably a finely ground polymer resin that has been subjected to a grinding treatment or the like.
  • the diluent or carrier for the liquid reagent examples include aromatic hydrocarbons (such as xylene, toluene and alkylnaphthalene), chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as chlorobenzenes, ethylene chlorides and methylene chloride), aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as cyclohexanes and paraffins (for example, mineral oil fractions)), alcohols (including C2 to CIO alcohols such as butanol, glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and ethers and esters thereof), ketones (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone), strongly polar solvents (such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide), and water.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene, toluene and alkylnaphthalene
  • surfactant examples include nonionic and anionic surfactants [such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alcohol ethers (for example, alkyl-aryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and aryl sulfonates), and tristyrylphenol and ethoxylates thereof], and albumin hydrolysis products.
  • nonionic and anionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alcohol ethers (for example, alkyl-aryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and aryl sulfonates), and tristyrylphenol and ethoxylates thereof
  • albumin hydrolysis products examples include albumin hydrolysis products.
  • the dispersant may include lignin sulfite liquor or methyl cellulose or the like.
  • a binder may also be used in the formulation (powder, granules or emulsion), and examples of the binder include carboxymethyl cellulose, and natural and synthetic polymers (such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate).
  • a colorant may also be used, and examples of the colorant include inorganic pigments (such as iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue), organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace elements such as salts of metals such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • inorganic pigments such as iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue
  • organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes
  • trace elements such as salts of metals such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • the liquid reagent used in the method and the rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device of the present invention can be prepared by diluting the above-mentioned flowable formulation, emulsion or water-dispersible powder with a diluent such as water until the required concentration is reached.
  • the amount of the chemical agent applied using the rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device of the present invention may be altered as appropriate, but is preferably within a range from 3 to 100 L/ha, and more preferably from 5 to 30 L/ha.
  • An agrochemical formulation according to an embodiment of the present invention is able to achieve selective weed eradication effect for paddy field-rice field weeds.
  • Examples of the rice field weeds that can be controlled include the weeds listed below.
  • the present invention can be used in relation to the following representative rice field weeds:
  • Dicotyledonous plants such as Marisilea quadrifloia, Fimbristylis miliacea, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Ammannia sp., Rotala indica Koehne, Lindernia procumbens Philcox, Lindernia dubia L. Penn., Lindernia dubia subsp. Dubia, Eclipta prostata, Linderia angustifolia, Ludwigia prostata Roxburgh, Polygonum sp., Sesbania Exaltata, Potamogeton distinctus A.
  • Monocotyledonous plants such as Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing, Echinochloa colonum, E. crus-galli, Aneilema keisak, Paspalum distichum, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus, Eleocharis acicularis L., Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, Cyperus difformis L., Cyperus serotinus Rottboel, Scirpus mucronatus, S. planiculmis, Scirpus juncoides Roxb, Scirpus Wallichii Nees Scirpus Lineolatus, Scirpus etuberculatus,
  • Latin names such as Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing, Echinochloa colonum, E. crus-galli, Aneilema keisak, Paspalum distichum, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus, Ele
  • the agrochemical formulation of the present invention is not limited to use with the various weeds listed above, and may also be applied in a similar manner to other varieties of weeds.
  • the liquid reagent can be used against, for example, Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
  • diseases derived from plant pathogens such as bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium moniliforme), rice blast, leaf blast, panicle blast and neck-rot ⁇ Pyriculaia oryzae, Pyricularia grisea), false smut ⁇ Ustilaginoidea virens), brown spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), bacterial seedling blight ⁇ Burkholderia plantarii), bacterial grain rot ⁇ Burkholderia glumae), bacterial palea browning ⁇ Erwinia herbicold), bacterial leaf blight (Pseudomonas oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae), bacterial brown stripe ⁇ Pseudomonas avenae, P.
  • bakanae disease Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium moniliforme
  • rice blast leaf blast
  • alboprecipitans sheath blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris, Rizoctonia solani), necrosis mosaic ⁇ Rice necrosis mosaic virus), grassy stunt ⁇ Rice grassy stunt virus), waika ⁇ Rice tungro spherical virus), dwarf ⁇ Rice dwarf virus), ragged stunt ⁇ Rice ragged stunt virus), transitory yellow dwarf ⁇ Rice transitory yellowing virus), stripe ⁇ Rice stripe virus), black-streaked dwarf (Rice black streaked dwarf virus), yellow dwarf (Phytoplasma), seedling blight ⁇ Fusarium sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp., Mucor sp., Phoma sp., Pythium sp.), bacterial foot rot ⁇ Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae), stem rot ⁇ Magnaporthe salvinii), stem rot ⁇ Helminthosporium sigmoide
  • the liquid reagent can be used against, for example, rice water weevil ⁇ Lissohoptrus oryzophilus), rice leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae), rice skipper ⁇ Parnara guttata), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), pink borer (Sesamia inferens), green rice caterpillar (Naranga aenescens), rice leaffolder ⁇ Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatella), white-backed rice planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), green rice leafhopper ⁇ Nephotettix cincticeps), rice stink bug (Lagynotomus elongatus), rice thrips (Stenchaeto), rice water weevil ⁇ Lissohoptrus oryzophilus),
  • a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device was mounted on a 6-row rice transplanter, and under the conditions listed below in Table 1, application tests were performed using the procedures described below. The types of effects achieved in the fields that had undergone the application tests were observed over the following days.
  • the liquid reagent was dripped into the central intra-row space, and the two outermost intra-row spaces, skipping over one intra-row space from the central intra- row space in each direction (so that dripping was performed into a total of 3 intra-row spaces) (3 intra-row space dripping or 3 -Drip).
  • the liquid reagent was dripped into all five of the intra-row spaces (5 intra-row space dripping or Full-Drip).
  • a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device was mounted on a 6-row rice transplanter, and under the conditions listed below in Table 14 and 15, application tests were performed using the procedures described below. The types of effects achieved in the fields that had undergone the applications tests were observed over the following days.
  • Leaching loss About 1 cm / day through the testing periods
  • Paddy weeds moderately infested naturally in the tested paddy field, including ECHSS (Echinochloa spp.), LEFCH (Leptochloa chinesis), R-MOOVA (reisistant Monochoria vaginalis), R- AMMAU (resistant Ammannia auriculata WILLD., A. arenaria H. B. K.), ELOKU (Eleocharis kuroguwai OHWI, E. tuberosa)
  • Thrips STENBI control % was assessed at 7 & lODAA, white back plant hopper NEPHCI control at 20 & 28 DAA by counting the insects on 0.1 sqm in 10-20 sites within each plot.
  • Leaf blast control efficacy was evaluated by counting number of lesions / 50 plants on upper 4 leaves including flag leaf at 45 days after the transplanting.
  • Paddy weeds moderately infested naturally in the tested paddy field, including ECHSS (Echinochloa spp.), LEFCH (Leptochloa chinesis), R-MOOVA (reisistant Monochoria vaginalis), R-AMMAU (resistant Ammannia auriculata WILLD., A. arenaria H. B. K.)
  • Leaf blast PYRIOR Pulricularia grisea
  • Leaf blast control was evaluated by counting number of lesions / 50 (diseases) plantsplants on upper 4 leaves including flag leaf at 45 days after the transplanting.
  • Test results of the Test 13 to 22 following prosedures described in Table 14 and 15 were listed in bellow.
  • Test results noted in Table 17 to 26 are average value of results from both prosedures described in Table 14 and 15 excluding test results of ELOKU which was conducted by following the prosedure of only Table 14 and POMACA which was conducted by following the prosedure of only Table 15.
  • 1-Drip, 3-Drip and Full-Drip have same definition of prosedure (A), (B) and (C) mentioned above.
  • IMD imidacloprid
  • NCS Niclosamide: bayluscide
  • TRF&TEF+IMD imidacloprid
  • TRF&TEF+IST isotianyl + IMD (imidacloprid) was applied in the manner of 1- Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application.
  • IMD imidacloprid
  • Test 20 A mixture of TRF&TEF+IST (isotianyl) + NCS (Niclosamide: bayluscide) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 20 on the various targets are shown below in Table 24.
  • NCS Niclosamide: bayluscide
  • NCS Niclosamide: bayluscide
  • Dripping amount of the liquid reagent consisting of water and detergent from each nozzle was metered by using the liquid reagent application device mounted on the rice transplanter.
  • One trial consisted of 40 signals from the application operation control device generated automatically coresponding to the application rate of 15 L / ha.
  • the dripping amout of the liquid reagent from each nozzle and the average of them, total dripping amount, Error and RSD (defintions of Error and RSD are mentioned below) was listed in the each lines of the table 27.
  • One set of trials consisted of 3 trials and the average of each data of trials as one set were listed in the bottom line of the table 27.
  • Test result listed in Table 27 and 28 reveal that the rice trasplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device according to hte invention can apply the reagent uniformlly and the dripping erro is 10 % or less.
  • the present invention relates to a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, which can be mounted on a rice transplanter, and applies a liquid reagent in synchronization with the rice planting action of the rice transplanter.
  • the present invention provides labor-saving for pest control operations, and enables the application of agrochemicals onto medium scale fields and large scale fields.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)

Abstract

A device for distributing and discharging a liquid reagent provided. The device comprise a tank (10) storing the liquid reagent; a pump (12) draws the liquid reagent from the tank (10); a pipeline connected to the pump (12) to carry the liquid reagent drawn by the pump (12); a distribution unit (20) connected to the pipeline (16) to distribute and discharge the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline (16); and a mechanism that receives the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline (14) and captures air contained in the received liquid reagent. A method of applying a liquid reagent to control pests, fungi, and/or weeds during rice planting using the device for distributing and discharging a liquid reagent. The method comprising: applying the liquid reagent though the distribution unit (20) and into one or more spaces between a plurality of hilling in which seeding are planted.

Description

RICE TRANSPLANTER-MOUNTED LIQUID REAGENT APPLICATION DEVICE, AND METHOD OF APPLYING LIQUID REAGENT DURING RICE PLANTING
USING SAME
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001]
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from prior Chinese patent application No. CN201210064117.7, filed March 12, 2012 titled "RICE TRANSPLANTER- MOUNTED LIQUID REAGENT APPLICATION DEVICE," the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002]
The present invention generally relates to a device for distributing and discharging a liquid reagent. More specifically, the present invention relates to a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, and a method of applying a liquid reagent during rice planting using the device.
BACKGROUND
[0003]
The operation of applying a chemical reagent at the same time as a rice planting operation for the purpose of weed eradication or the like, so-called pest control, involves application of an agrochemical at the same time as the rice planting with the aim of saving on labor. A rice transplanter-mounted chemical reagent application device is a machine that distributes granules, a liquid such as a suspension (flowable reagent or emulsion) or an aqueous solution or the like at the same time that the rice transplanter plants the seedlings.
[0004]
Rice transplanter-mounted chemical reagent application devices include devices designed for use with granules and devices designed for use with liquid reagents, depending on the properties of the chemical reagent to be applied, and not only enable the operation of applying control agents, which traditionally required a separate operation to rice planting, to be performed at the same time as rice planting, but also enable application of a fixed amount of the chemical reagent and the measuring of very small amounts. Rice transplanter-mounted granule application devices are able to perform uniform application of the granules by measuring an amount of granules using a metering device that operates in synchronization with the speed of rice planting, and then dropping the measured amount of granules onto a circular disk that is rotating at high speed, so that contact plates formed on the circular disk flick the granules off the disk, as disclosed in Japanese patent application laid-open publication Nos. JPH11-308959 and JP2008-048659, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Liquid reagent application devices that operate at the same time as rice planting employ a system wherein a tube that connects a tank with a nozzle is squeezed by using the action of a roller, as disclosed in "Common Technologies for Agrochemical Application - Soil Application", "Agrochemical Application Technology", (1998), edited by the "Agrochemical Application Technology" editorial committee, published by the Japan Plant Protection Association, page 122, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
A liquid reagent application device for use during rice planting, which is used by installation on the rear portion of a rice transplanter, is currently in use under the trade name "Tekika-man" (registered trademark No. 2,419,217), the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The "Tekika-man" application device has only one nozzle i.e. is a one-drip device. This frequently results in uneven dispersion of the liquid reagent, especially for low water-soluble active ingredients such as the herbicide oxadiargyl. Such uneven dispersion results in uneven control of weeds, pests and/or fungi and/or causes crop damage.
[0005]
Rice planting operations (manual and machine transplantation) have traditionally been conducted in a shallow water state (with a submerged depth of 0 to 3 cm) in order to maintain the accuracy of the planting process. In a conventional granule application device, depending on the strength and angle at which the granules are scattered, some granules may become buried in the soil of the rice field, meaning the effect of the chemical reagent is not realized, and this can result in areas in which satisfactory weed eradication is not achieved. On the other hand, granules located closely to seedlings of the rice planted may cause phytotoxic effect against the seedlings. The granule application device may also be easily affected by wheather conditions such as rain fall and wind. Rain fall is critical because it cause sticking of the granules to the machine. Further, it is difficult to apply mixtures of several granules to the large scale field without supply of the granules on the way of rice planting due to heavy weight and bulkiness of the granules. Mixing of the granules which have different relative density is also undesired as it does not permit a uniform application of the granules. Furthermore, conventional liquid reagent application devices are typically mounted on 6-row to 8-row rice transplanters, but because the liquid reagent is only dripped between the central hillings (i.e. one intra-row space dripping), the liquid reagent is unable to diffuse across the hillings of all 6 to 8 rows, meaning a uniform control effect is unattainable. Particularly in those cases where the field for rice planting is in a shallow water state, cases where a uniform submerged depth cannot be achieved, or cases where the field cannot be immediately returned to a submerged state following treatment at the time of rice planting, the active ingredient of the chemical reagent tends not to diffuse satisfactorily, and the anticipated effect, such as weed eradication, pest control or control of fungal disease, may be unattainable. Further, uneven distribution of the chemical reagent may also promote chemical damage of the rice plant.
[0006]
The embodiments of the present invention aim to at least partially improve at least a part of the points mentioned above, and provide a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device which can apply agrochemicals onto medium scale fields (rice fields with a surface area of 1,000 to 3,000 m2 (0.1 to 0.3 ha) per field) and large scale fields (rice fields with a surface area exceeding 3,000 m2 (0.3 ha) per field), as well as a method of applying a liquid reagent during rice planting that uses the device.
The embodiments of the present invention enable a liquid reagent to be dripped uniformly (the error of dripping amount from each nozzle is less than 50%, 30%, 20% or 10% compared to the average dripping amount) to between a plurality of planted hillings following passage of a rice transplanter. Because the applied liquid reagent can diffuse across all of a plurality of hillings, a uniform control effect and superior safety of the paddy field rice plants (superior selectivity) can be achieved. Further, compared with conventional liquid reagent application methods, the method according to the embodiments of the present invention can prevent the liquid reagent from making direct contact with the paddy field rice plants during application of the liquid reagent, and can therefore prevent chemical damage caused by contact of the liquid reagent with the leaves of the rice plants and further enhance growth of the rice plants effectively (more than 10% or 30% compared to untreated rice plant). A further advantage of the present invention over the prior art is an even dispersion of the liquid reagent, even if the liquid reagent has a very low or medium water solubility. An example for an active reagent with a very low water solubility is oxadiargyl (0.37 mg/L at pH 5.6 and 20°C), an example for an active reagent with a medium water solubility is triafamone (33 mg/L at pH 7, 36 mg/L at pH 4, 34 mg/L at pH 9, each value measured at 20°C). The even dispersion of the liquid reagent, even in case of very low water solubility of the reagent, prevents uneven dispersion results, resulting in an even control of weeds, pests and/or fungi and prevention of crop damage. According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
SUMMARY
[0007]
In one aspect of the present invention, a device for distribution and discharging a liquid reagent is provided. The device may comprise: a tank that stores the liquid reagent; a pump that draws the liquid reagent from the tank; a pipeline connected to the pump to carry the liquid reagent drawn by the pump; a distribution unit connected to the pipeline to distribute and discharge the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline; and a mechanism that receives the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline and captures air contained in the received liquid reagent.
The mechanism may comprise an additional pipeline connected between the distribution unit and the tank to receive the liquid reagent provided to the distribution unit and carry the received liquid reagent to the tank. The distribution unit may include: a hollow member extending substantially in a horizontal direction; and two or more pipelines connected to the hollow member and extending downwardly, the two or more pipelines discharging the liquid reagent carried by the hollow member, each of the two or more pipelines being positioned at a distance from its adjacent pipeline. The additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to the hollow member of the distribution unit. The additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to both ends of the hollow member. The additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to a top surface of the hollow member. Each pipeline of the two or more pipelines includes a valve that applies resistance to the liquid reagent passing through the pipeline.
Alternatively, the mechanism comprises a chamber extending substantially in a vertical direction and incorporated into the pipeline, wherein the pipeline includes a first pipeline that carries the liquid reagent drawn by the pump, one end of the first pipeline being connected to the pump, an opposite end of the first pipeline being connected to the chamber; and a second pipeline that carries the liquid reagent stored by the chamber, one end of the second pipeline being connected to the chamber, an opposite end of the second pipeline being connected to the distribution unit, wherein the opposite end of the first pipeline is positioned at higher than the one end of the second pipeline. An exhaust unit connected to the chamber at a higher position than the opposite end of the first pipeline to carry air out of the chamber. A drainage unit connected to the chamber at a lower position than the one end of the second pipeline to discharge the liquid reagent out of the chamber. The distribution unit includes: a hollow member extending substantially in a horizontal direction; and two or more pipelines communicating with the hollow member and extending downwardly, the two or more pipelines discharging the liquid reagent carried by the hollow member, each of the two or more pipelines being positioned at a distance from its adjacent pipeline, wherein the opposite end of the second pipeline is connected to the hollow member.
Each pipeline of the two or more pipelines includes a valve that applies resistance to the liquid reagent passing through the pipeline.
[0008]
In one aspect of the present invention, a valve may be provided. The valve may comprise a first valve member configured to have a tube-shape and having a top surface at one end and an opening at an opposite end, the top surface including a slot; and a case receiving the first valve member and having an inlet facing the opening of the valve member and an outlet facing the top surface of the first valve member.
The valve may comprise a second valve member configured to have a tube-shape and having a top surface at one end and an opening at an opposite end, the top surface including a slot, the second valve member being engaged with the first valve member in the case, wherein the top surface of the second valve member is positioned at a distance from the top surface of the first valve member.
Each of the first and second valve members may include a first hollow member with the top surface having a first internal diameter and a first outer diameter greater than the first internal diameter; and a second hollow member connected to the first hollow member, the second hollow member having a second internal diameter greater than both of the first internal and outer diameters and having a second outer diameter greater than the first outer diameter, wherein the first and second valve members are configured to be engaged with one another so that the first hollow member of the second valve member is received and supported in the second hollow member of the first valve member.
Each of the first and second valve members further includes a third hollow member connected to the second hollow member, the third hollow member having a third internal diameter greater than both of the second internal and outer diameters and having a second outer diameter greater than the first outer diameter, wherein the first and second valve members are configured to be engaged with one another so that the second hollow member of the second valve member is received and supported in the third hollow member of the first valve member.
[0009] One aspect of the present invention relates to a rice transplanter comprising the device described above which discharges a liquid reagent in synchronization with the rice planting action of the rice transplanter.
[0010]
One aspect of the present invention relates to a method of applying a liquid reagent to control pests, fungi, and/or weeds during rice planting using the device or a rice planter described above, the method comprising: applying the liquid reagent through the distribution unit and into one or more spaces between a plurality of hillings in which seedlings are planted.
[0011]
One aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent wherein the liquid reagent is applied into at least half of the spaces between a plurality of hillings.
[0012]
One aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent using the device or a rice planter described above to enhance growth of a rice plant more than 10 % or 30 % compared to an untreated rice plant.
[0013]
A first aspect of the present invention relates to a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, which can be mounted on a rice transplanter, and applies a liquid reagent in synchronization with the rice planting action of the rice transplanter.
This first aspect of the rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device includes a tank that stores the liquid reagent, a pump that transports the liquid reagent stored in the tank, a first pipeline which is connected at one end to the pump, and carries the liquid reagent discharged from the tank by operation of the pump, an air-catch chamber which is connected to the other end of the first pipeline, a second pipeline which is connected at one end to the air-catch chamber, and carries the liquid reagent discharged from the tank via the first pipeline and the air- catch chamber, and a distribution unit which is connected to the other end of the second pipeline, and distributes and discharges the liquid reagent supplied from the tank via the first pipeline, the air-catch chamber and the second pipeline.
The other end of the first pipeline is connected to the air-catch chamber at a higher position than the end of the second pipeline.
[0014] A second aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, further containing an exhaust unit for exhausting the air from inside the air-catch chamber, wherein the exhaust unit is connected to the air-catch chamber at a higher position than the other end of the first pipeline.
[0015]
A third aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, further containing a drainage unit for discharging residual liquid reagent from inside the air-catch chamber, wherein the drainage unit is connected to the air-catch chamber at a lower position than the end of the second pipeline.
[0016]
A fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, wherein the distribution unit includes a cylindrical distribution chamber that is connected to the other end of the second pipeline, and a plurality of third pipelines which are connected at one end to the air-catch chamber, and discharge the liquid reagent supplied to the distribution chamber from the tank via the first pipeline, the air-catch chamber and the second pipeline, and a plurality of third pipelines are connected to the distribution chamber with spaces provided therebetween.
[0017]
A fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the liquid reagent application device described above, wherein each of a plurality of third pipelines is provided with a valve that adds resistance to the liquid reagent passing through the pipeline.
[0018]
A sixth aspect of the present invention relates to a method of applying a liquid reagent, the method involving using the above liquid reagent application device for use during rice planting, which is mounted on a rice transplanter, to apply the liquid reagent through the distribution unit and into one or more of the spaces between a plurality of hillings in which the seedlings are planted.
[0019]
A seventh aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent is applied into at least half of the spaces between a plurality of hillings.
[0020] An eighth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of herbicides.
[0021]
A ninth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the herbicide is a herbicide for use in rice fields.
[0022]
A tenth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of pyrimisulfan, tefuryltrione, ketospiradox, mesotrione, benzobicyclon, sulcotrione, tembotrione, bromobutide, triafamone, propyrisulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron, imazosulfuron, penoxsulam, pyraclonil, pentoxazone, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, butachlor, pretilachlor, fentrazamide, mefenacet, oxaziclomefone, ipfencarbazone and fenoxasulfone.
[0023]
An eleventh aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the liquid reagent contains at least one substance selected from the group consisting of herbicides, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, microbials, molluscicides, fertilizers safeners and phytotonic compounds, and combinations thereof.
[0024]
A twelfth aspect of the present invention relates to the method of applying a liquid reagent described above, wherein the water solubility of the liquid reagent is lower than 100 mg/L, preferably lower than 50 mg/L, and most preferred lower than 10 mg/L. Within the meaning of the present invention, the water solubility is the value that would be measured at pH 7 and 20°C.
[0025]
The embodiments of the present invention enable a liquid reagent to be dripped uniformly between a plurality of planted hillings following passage of a rice transplanter. Because the applied liquid reagent can diffuse across all of a plurality of hillings, a uniform control effect and superior safety of the paddy field rice plants (superior selectivity) can be achieved. Further, compared with conventional liquid reagent application methods, the method according to the embodiments of the present invention can prevent the liquid reagent from making direct contact with the paddy field rice plants during application of the liquid reagent, and can therefore prevent chemical damage caused by contact of the liquid reagent with the leaves of the rice plants and further enhance growth of the rice plants effectively. A further advantage of the present invention over the prior art is an even dispersion of the liquid reagent, even if the liquid reagent has a very low or medium water solubility. An example for an active reagent with very low water solubility is oxadiargyl (0.37 mg/L), an example for an active reagent with medium water solubility is triafamone (39 mg/L). The even dispersion of the liquid reagent, even in case of very low water solubility of the reagent, results in an even control of weeds, pests and/or fungi and prevention of crop damage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026]
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the structure of a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device 1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of the application unit 2 according to one embodiment.
Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a valve.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a state wherein an application device of the present invention mounted on a rice transplanter.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the strucuture of the application unit 2' according to a further embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0027]
The embodiments of the present invention will be described below in further detail with reference to the attached drawings. The entire contents of all documents referenced in this description are deemed to be incorporated within the content of the present description.
It should be noted that an element common to the drawings is identified by a same reference number in the drawings.
As illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device 1 according to an embodiment includes an application unit 2, an application operation control device 3 which controls application of the liquid reagent from the application unit 2 in synchronization with the seedling planting action of the rice transplanter, and a battery 4 that functions as the power source for each unit. The battery 4 may utilize the existing battery of the rice transplanter.
[0028]
The application unit 2 contains a tank 10, a pump 12, a first pipeline 14, a second pipeline 16, an air-catch chamber 18, and a distribution unit 20.
The tank 10 stores a liquid reagent such as a suspension (flowable reagent). The pump 12 draws the liquid reagent from the tank 10, and carries the liquid reagent through the first and second pipelines 14, 16 to the distribution unit 20. A so-called tube pump is employed as the pump 12. A tube pump has a structure in which a roller is pressed against a tube, and the liquid reagent contained inside the tube is forced out of the tube by rotating this roller.
[0029]
The first pipeline 14 is a soft tube formed from a silicon resin or the like, wherein one end 14a of the tube is inserted inside the tank 10, and the other end 14b is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 extending substantially in a vertical direction, with the pump 12 disposed between the two ends. The second pipeline 16 is a soft resin tube, wherein one end 16a of the tube is connected to the air-catch chamber 18, and the other end 16b is connected to the distribution unit 20. In other words, the chamber 18 can be expressed as a chamber incorporated into a pipeline comprising the first and second pipelines 14, 16. The air-catch chamber 18 captures the air contained within the liquid reagent supplied from the tank 10 via the first pipeline 14. In other words, the chamber 18 can be expressed as a mechanism that receives the liquid reagent carried by the first pipeline 14 and captures air contained in the received liquid reagent. The distribution unit 20 distributes and discharges the liquid reagent supplied from the tank 10 via the first pipeline 14, the air-catch chamber 18 and the second pipeline 16.
[0030]
The other end 14b of the first pipeline 14 is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 at a higher position than the end 16a of the second pipeline 16. An adequate spatial margin is left inside the air-catch chamber 18 above the position where the other end of the first pipeline 14 is connected. The air-catch chamber 18 is provided with an exhaust unit 22 for exhausting air from inside the chamber, and a drainage unit 25 for discharging residual liquid reagent from inside the chamber.
[0031] The exhaust unit 22 includes an exhaust pipe 23, one end 23a of which is connected to the air- catch chamber 18 and the other end 23b of which is open, and an exhaust valve 24 which is provided partway along the exhaust pipe 23 and can seal the exhaust pipe. In this embodiment, the exhaust pipe 23 is formed from a soft resin tube, and the end 23a of the tube is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 at a higher position in the vertical direction than the other end 14b of the first pipeline 14.
The drainage unit 25 includes a drainage pipeline 26, one end 26a of which is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 and the other end 26b of which is open, and a drainage valve 27 which is provided partway along the drainage pipeline 26 and can seal the drainage pipeline. In this embodiment, the drainage pipeline 26 is formed from a soft resin tube, and the end 26a of the tube is connected to the air-catch chamber 18 at a lower position in the vertical direction than all of the other pipelines connected to the air-catch chamber 18. The drainage valve 27 is used, following completion of operations using the application device 1, for extracting the liquid reagent inside the air-catch chamber 18.
[0032]
The distribution unit 20 includes a cylindrical distribution chamber 30 formed from a hard material, a plurality of (two or more) third pipelines 32, one end 32a of which is connected to the distribution chamber 30 and the other end 32b of which is open to the atmosphere, and a valve 40 provided within each of a plurality of third pipelines 32. The other end 16b of the second pipeline 16 connected to the distribution chamber 30 is located at a higher position than the ends 32a of the third pipelines 32 connected to the distribution chamber 30. The chamber 30 may have any hollow shape as long as it can carry the liquid reagent along the direction the chamber 30 extends. For example, the chamber 30 may have any cross-sectional shape including, but not limited to a circle, ellipse, rectangle, triangle, and polygon, etc.
The distribution chamber 30, which is extending substantially in a horizontal direction, is attached substantially horizontally to the rice transplanter, at a position lower than the air-catch chamber 18. In other words, the end 16a of the second pipeline 16 is located at a higher position than the other end 16b of the second pipeline 16.
The third pipelines 32 are formed from soft resin tubes, wherein one end 32a of each pipeline is connected to the distribution chamber 30 at a lower position in the vertical direction than the other end 16b of the second pipeline 16. Further, the end 32a of each of the third pipelines 32 is located at a higher position than the other end 32b of the pipeline. The third pipelines 32 are positioned at equal intervals across the lengthwise direction of the distribution chamber 30. The number of third pipelines 32 is set to 5 in the case of a 6-row rice transplanter, and set to 7 in the case of an 8-row rice transplanter. In other words, the structure of the distribution unit 20 is determined appropriately in accordance with the specifications of the rice transplanter, so that the other ends of the third pipelines 32 correspond with the spaces between each of the planted hillings.
Each pipeline of the third pipelines 32 may include a cock 32c capable of selectively opening or closing. The cock can allow the liquid reagent to flow through the pipeline when it opens. Also, it can prevent the liquid reagent from flowing through the pipeline when it closes. With the cocks 32c, the application unit 2 can prevent the liquid reagent from unintentionally flowing through each pipeline 32. For example, when the application unit 2 is not working, each cock 32c can close to prevent the liquid reagent from going through its corresponding pipeline 32.
[0033]
The valves 40 add resistance to the liquid reagent traveling through the inside of the third pipelines 32. As illustrated in Fig. 3, each valve 40 includes a two-piece separable case 41, at least one valve member, for example, two rubber valve members 42, 43 that are disposed inside the case 41 in an embodiment, and a rubber O-ring 48.
The case 41 includes a female case 44 and a male case 45, each of which generally has a cylindrical shape to receive the valve members 42, 43.
[0034]
A female thread section 44a is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the female case 44, and a male thread section 45a that mates with the female thread section 44a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the male case 45. Thus, the female thread section 44a and the male thread section 45a may engage the femal case 44 with the male case 45. Further, a liquid reagent inlet port 44b is formed in the female case 44, and a liquid reagent discharge port 45b is formed in the male case. The inlet port 44b is connected to the upstream section of the third pipeline 32, and the discharge port 45b is connected to the downstream section of the third pipeline 32.
The valve members 42 and 43 may be, for example, of exactly the same shape, and be formed with a conical shape in which the diameter decreases in a stepwise manner. A slot 46 that runs in a radial direction is formed in the surface at the tip of the valve member 42 (or 43). The slot penetrates through the valve member 42 (or 43) from inside to out, but remains closed unless a pressure larger than a predetermined value acts upon the liquid reagent supplied from the inlet port 44b. When the pressure acting on the liquid reagent exceeds this predetermined value, the slot opens, allowing the liquid reagent to flow from the inlet port 44b toward the discharge port 45b. [0035]
The structures of the valve members 42, 43 are described in detail.
As illustrated in Fig. 3, each of the valve members 42, 43 may be configured to have a tube-shape. Specifically, each valve member may include a first cylindrical member 42a (43a), a second cylindrical member 42b (43b) connected to the first cylindrical member 42a (43a), a third cylindrical member 42c (43c) connected to the second cylindrical member 42b (43b), and a fourth cylindrical member 42d (43d) connected to the third cylindrical member 42c (43c), for example. All of the first, second, third, and fourth members communicate with one another.
[0036]
The first cylindrical member 42a (43a) has a top surface (for example, top planar surface) on which the slot 46 is formed. The top surface faces the discharge port 45b of the male case 45. The fourth cylindrical member 42d (43d) has an opening (which is not shown in Fig.3) which communicates with the first, second, and third members. The opening faces the inlet port 44b of the femal case 44.
[0037]
Each of the first, second, third, and fourth cylindrical members has an internal diameter and an outer diameter. The outer diameter of each member is greater than the internal diameter of the member. The internal diameter of the second member 42b (43b) is greater than both of the internal and outer diameters of the first member 42a (43b). The internal diameter of the third member 42c (43c) is greater than both of the internal and outer diameters of the second member 42b (43b). The internal diameter of the fourth member 42d (43d) is greater than both of the internal and outer diameter of the third member 42c (43c).
[0038]
When the valve member 42 is engaged with the valve member 43, the first cylindrical member 43a of the valve member 43 can enter the fourth, third, and second cylindrical members 42d, 42c, 42b of the valve member 42. However, the first member 43a cannot be inserted into the first cylindrical member 42a of the valve member 42 since the outer diameter of the first member 43a of the valve member 43 is greater than the internal diameter of the first member 42a. Thus, the top surface of the first member 43a is positioned at a distance from the top surface of the first member 42a when the valve member 43 is engaged with the valve member 42.
[0039] Benefits described below can be obtained according to the structures of the valve members 42, 43. Specifically, on the one hand, there could be a case where a small substance contained in the liquid reagent such as dirt is caught and left in the slot 46 of the valve member 43. In this case, the substance might cause the slot 46 to be opened and unintentionally increase the amount of the liquid reagent. However, there is another slot 46, that is, the slot 46 of the valve member 42 under the slot 46 of the valve member 43. Also, there is a layer filled with the liquid reagent in the region between the top surface of the valve member 43 and that of the valve member 42. Thus, the amount of the liquid reagent which flows through the valve 40 may be kept as intended due to the slot 46 of the valve member 42 and the layer filled with the liquid reagent.
On the other hand, there could be another case where the small substance contained in the liquid reagent is caught and left in the slot 46 of the valve member 42. In this case, there is another slot, that is, the slot 46 of the valve member 43 above the slot 46 of the valve member 42. Thus, the amount of the liquid reagent which flows through the valve 40 may be maintained as intended due to the slot 46 of the valve member 43.
[0040]
Fig. 3 illustrates an example where the valve 40 may be configured to receive two valve members. However, in an embodiment, the valve 40 may be configured to receive three or more valve members. A person skilled in the art may understand that the more valve members (the slots 46) are there in the valve 40, the less the difference in the amount of the liquid reagent which flows through valves 40 becomes.
[0041]
Fig. 3 illustrates an example where each valve member comprises one or more cylindrical member. However, each valve member may comprise one or more member having any hollow shape as long as the one or more member can carry the liquid reagent. For example, the one or more member may have any cross-sectional shape including, but not limited to a circle, ellipse, rectangle, triangle, and polygon, etc.
[0042]
The O-ring 48 is interposed between the female case 44 and the male case 45 that constitute the case 41, and seals the space between the two engaged cases.
[0043]
The application operation control device 3 includes a conversion mechanism that converts the back and forth motion of the seedling tray S of the rice transplanter into a rotational action, a proximity switch, and a control unit and the like. Details relating to the construction of the application operation control device 3 are described in Japanese Patent Application, First Publication No. 2008-48659, and therefore further description of this device is omitted here.
[0044]
The tank 10, the pump 12 and the air-catch chamber 18 of the application unit 2 are housed inside a first casing 13a together with the control unit 3a of the application operation control device 3, whereas the other sections of the application operation control device 3 excluding the control unit are housed inside a second casing 13b.
As illustrated in Fig. 4, the first casing 13a and the distribution chamber 30 are secured to a portal-shaped frame F that is fitted to the rear of the seedling tray S. In particular, the distribution chamber 30 is secured to the portal-shaped frame F so that the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32 correspond with the spaces between the hillings in which the seedlings are planted, namely so that the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32 are positioned in spaces between the scraper blades C of the rice transplanter (see Fig. 1). There are no particular limitations on the attachment position for the first casing 13a, but the first casing 13a should at least be positioned above the distribution chamber 30.
The second casing 13b is secured to the underside of the seedling tray S. Details relating to the method used for securing the second casing 13b are also described in Japanese Patent Application, First Publication No. 2008-48659, and therefore further description is omitted here.
[0045]
Pest control using the application device 1 and Γ (employing the application unit 2' instead of the application unit 2) constructed in the above manner is described below. Examples of the chemical reagent that is applied in order to achieve the desired control include herbicides, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, microbials, molluscicides, fertilizers, safeners and phytotonic compounds, and combinations thereof, and specific examples of each of these are presented below.
First, a rice transplanter having bundles of rice seedlings mounted thereon is driven into the field, and the main switch of the application device 1 and Γ is switched on. When the rice transplanter is then operated and the seedling planting operation is started, the seedling tray S starts a back and forth motion that is synchronized with the seedling scraping action performed by the scraper blades C. A proximity switch contained within the application operation control device 3 then outputs a signal synchronized with the back and forth motion of the seedling tray S. Upon each receipt of the signal output from the proximity switch, the control unit 3a operates the pump 12 in an intermittent manner. The pump 12 rotates the roller by a preset amount of rotation upon each intermittent operation, thereby discharging an amount of the liquid reagent proportional to the amount of rotation of the roller. The amount of rotation of the roller can be adjusted as desired, enabling the amount of the liquid reagent discharged (namely, the amount of application) per intermittent operation of the pump to be altered depending on the type of liquid reagent being applied. Further, as described below, in addition to operation of the pump 12 in synchronization with the planting action of the rice transplanter, in consideration of preliminary operation or the like of the application device 1, the pump 12 may also be operated alone, in a continuous manner.
[0046]
During each operation of the pump 12, the liquid reagent is discharged from the other ends 32b of each of the third pipelines 32. These other ends 32b of the third pipelines are positioned in the spaces between the scraper blades C of the rice transplanter, and as a result, the liquid reagent discharged from other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32 is dripped into all of the spaces between the hillings in the field in which the seedlings are planted. In other words, in the case of a 6-row rice transplanter, the liquid reagent is dripped intermittently into the spaces between the 6 rows of seedlings planted following passage of the rice transplanter, namely into all 5 spaces between the hillings, with an interval between the intermittent applications that corresponds with the driving speed of the rice transplanter. Further, in the case of an 8-row rice transplanter, the liquid reagent is dripped intermittently into the spaces between the 8 rows of seedlings planted following passage of the rice transplanter, namely into all 7 spaces between the hillings, with an interval between the intermittent applications that corresponds with the driving speed of the rice transplanter. Because the dripped liquid reagent diffuses across all 6 or 8 rows of hillings, a uniform control effect can be obtained. Moreover, even if the depth of the water in the field during planting is shallow, the active ingredient of the chemical reagent can still be diffused satisfactorily.
[0047]
Although, in the above description, the liquid reagent was dripped into all of the spaces between a plurality of hillings planted by the rice transplanter, depending on the properties of the liquid reagent, the liquid reagent may only need to be dripped into some of the spaces between a plurality of hillings. In such a case, some of the third pipelines 32 may be sealed using a separately prepared sealing mechanism (such as a clip), or the distribution unit may be exchanged with a unit having fewer third pipelines 32.
[0048] The most significant problem associated with transporting a liquid reagent through a long narrow pipeline is the retention of dead air space within the pipeline. This type of dead air space hinders the smooth flow of the liquid reagent. Particularly in the aforementioned application device 1 which has a plurality of liquid reagent discharge ports (32b), the existence of dead air spaces can be a considerable impediment to ensuring application of a substantially equal amount of the liquid reagent from each of the discharge ports.
Almost all dead air spaces are generated inside the pipelines during initial passage of the liquid reagent through the application device 1. In other words, provided air can be removed from inside the pipelines during the initial passage of the liquid reagent, dead air spaces tend not to occur during subsequent application operations.
Accordingly, a description is presented below of a preliminary operation of the aforementioned application device 1, from the point of filling the empty tank 10 with the liquid reagent, through until the liquid reagent has passed through the entire device.
[0049]
First, a prepared liquid reagent is fed into the tank 10. Next, with the exhaust valve 24 and the drainage valve 27 closed, the pump 12 is rotated continuously. As a result, the liquid reagent stored in the tank 10 is aspirated, and the aspirated liquid reagent is discharged from the pump 12.
The liquid reagent discharged from the pump 12 forces any residual air inside the first pipeline 14 out from the other end 14b of the first pipeline 14 and into the air-catch chamber 18. As a result, the retention of dead air space in the first pipeline 14 almost never occurs.
[0050]
The liquid reagent that flows into the air-catch chamber 18 accumulates in the bottom of the air- catch chamber 18, and then flows into the end 16a of the second pipeline 16. The liquid reagent that flows into the second pipeline 16 flows into the distribution chamber 30, and then flows into the ends 32a of a plurality of third pipelines 32. Because the valves 40 impart flow resistance, the liquid reagent that flows into the third pipelines 32 is not immediately discharged from the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32, and the internal pressure within the sequential pathway composed of the first pipeline 14, the air-catch chamber 18, the second pipeline 16, the distribution chamber 30 and the third pipelines 32 gradually increases as additional liquid reagent is supplied by the pump 12. During this period, no flow of the liquid reagent occurs through the path from the air-catch chamber 18 to the third pipelines 32.
On the other hand, the ends 32a of the third pipelines 32 are located at higher positions than the other ends 32b of the same pipelines, and the end 16a of the second pipeline 16 is located at a higher position than the other end 16b of the same pipeline. Moreover, the other end 16b of the second pipeline 16 that is connected to the distribution chamber 30 is disposed at a higher position than the ends 32a of the third pipelines 32 connected to the distribution chamber 30. Accordingly, in a state where there is almost no flow of the liquid reagent in the downstream direction, any air remaining inside the third pipelines 32 floats up through the third pipelines 32 towards the distribution chamber 30, any air remaining inside the distribution chamber 30 flows up into the second pipeline 16, and any air remaining inside the second pipeline 16 floats up through the second pipeline 16 towards the air-catch chamber 18.
In other words, any air remaining inside the first pipeline 14 flows into the air-catch chamber 18 under the pressurizing action of the pump 12, whereas any air remaining inside the second pipeline 16, the distribution chamber 30 and the third pipelines 32 floats up into the air- catch chamber 18 as a result of the inherent height differences. In this manner, almost all of the air remaining within the pathway from the tank 10 through to the third pipelines 32 is collected within the air-catch chamber 18.
[0051]
The internal pressure within the sequential pathway composed of the first pipeline 14, the air- catch chamber 18, the second pipeline 16, the distribution chamber 30 and the third pipelines 32 gradually increases as additional liquid reagent is supplied by the pump 12, and when that internal pressure eventually exceeds the flow resistance imparted by the valves 40, the liquid reagent is discharged from the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32.
[0052]
Once discharge of the liquid reagent from the other ends 32b of the third pipelines 32 has been confirmed, the exhaust valve 24 is opened, and the air accumulated inside the air-catch chamber 18 is extracted. The air inside the air-catch chamber 18 is also under pressure as a result of the increase in the internal pressure inside the sequential pathway, and is therefore discharged rapidly from the other end 23b of the exhaust pipe 23 that is open to the atmosphere.
Once the air has been discharged from the air-catch chamber 18, the exhaust valve 24 is closed and the pump 12 is stopped, thus completing the preliminary operation.
[0053]
In the rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device 1, by performing the above preliminary operation during the initial supply of liquid to the device, almost all air inside the pipelines can be removed. Accordingly, when the subsequent application operation is conducted, no dead air spaces are generated within the pipelines. As a result, the liquid reagent can be discharged and dripped substantially uniformly from the other ends 32b of all of the third pipelines 32. In this description, the expression "dripped uniformly" means that the drip amount of the liquid reagent from each of the other ends 32b may diverge by a maximum of 50% from the average drip amount of the liquid reagent across all of the other ends 32b, although this divergence is preferably not more than 30%, and most preferably 20% or less.
[0054]
Further, in one embodiment, the application unit 2 may be configured to include an optional tank 10' which stores a liquid reagent as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The tank 10' is connected to the tank 10 through a pipeline 11. The one end of the pipeline 11 communicates with the tank 10' while the other end of the pipeline 11 communicates with the tank 10. The pipeline 11 includes a pump 12' used to draw the liquid reagent from the tank 10' and carry the reagent into the tank 10. Inside the tank 10 is provided a sensor 13 which detects whether or not the top surface of the liquid reagent contained in the tank 10 reaches a predetermined level and which sends a control signal to the pump 12' depending on the result of the detection. The tank 10' may be housed inside the casing 13a along with the tank 10, etc.
According to the configuration, when the sensor 13 detects that the predetermined level is reached by the top surface of the liquid reagent, the sensor 13 sends a control signal to the pump 12' to deactivate the pump 12'. On the contrary, when the sensor 13 detects that the predetermined level is not reached by the top surface of the liquid reagent, the sensor 13 sends a control signal to the pump 12' to activate the pump 12'. Therefore, the top surface of the liquid reagent can be maintained at around the predetermined level.
[0055]
Fig. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the strucuture of the application unit 2' according to a further embodiment. The structure of the application unit according to the further embodiment will be described in detail below. It should be noted that only the structure specific to the further embodiment will be described and that the description regarding the structure common to that described above with rereference to Figs. 1 to 4 will be therefore omitted.
[0056]
Fig. 5 shows an application unit 2' according to a further embodiment. The pump 12 is connected to the distribution chamber 30 through a pipeline 52. One end of the pipeline 52 is connected to the pump 12 while an opposite end of the pipeline 52 is connected to the chamber 30. The pipeline 52 carries the liquid reagent drawn by the pump 12 to the chamber 30.
[0057] Provided between the chamber 30 and the tank 10 is an additional pipeline 54. One end 54a of the pipeline 54 is connected to the tank 10 while opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 are connected to the chamber 30. Specifically, for example, two opposite ends 54b, 54c may be connected to both ends of the chamber 30 extending in a horizontal direction. The pipeline 54 receives the liquid reagent provided to the chamber 30 from the pump 12 and carries the received liquid reagent to the tank 10.
[0058]
According to the structure described above, even if air lies in the chamber 30, then the air may be forced to move toward either end of the chamber 30 because of the flow of the liquid reagent applied by the pumb 12. Thus, the air, which tends to float in the liquid reagent, may finally reach the opposite end 54b or the opposite end 54c and then move upwardly along the pipeline 54. Therefore, the air may be carried to the tank 10 along the pipeline 54. As described above, the pipeline 54 may functions to receive the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline 52 and the chamber 30 and capture the air contained in the received liquid reagent. As a result, since the amount of the air which can reach the pipelines 32 may be minimized, the difference in the amount of the liquid reagents which flow through the pipelines 32 may also be minimized and discharging flow of the air contained liquid reagent from one end 54a into the tank 10 stirs the liquid reagent in the tank 10 so then prevents segregation of the liquid reagent.
[0059]
Fig. 5 illustrates the best embodiment where the opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 are connected to both ends of the chamber 30. In one embodiment, the opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 may be connected to any position distant from the both ends of the chamber 30 because these opposite ends 54b, 54c may capture the air present in the chamber 30 more or less. However, in this case, the air carried by the pipeline 52 might arrive at the positions near the both ends of the chamber 30 and then move downwardly to the pipelines 32, which may unintentionally increase the difference in the amount of the liquid reagent discharged by the pipelines 32. Therefore, the opposite ends 54b, 54c may be advantageously connected to both ends of the chamber 30 as illustrated in Fig. 5.
[0060]
Also, since the air contained in the liquid reagent tends to float, the opposite ends 54b, 54c of the pipeline 54 may be advantageously connected to the top surface of the chamber 30 compared to the side surface or the bottom surface of the chamber 30. However, in one embodiment, the opposite ends of the pipeline 54 may be connected to the side surface or the bottom surface of the chamber 30 because these opposite ends may still capture the air contained in the chamber 30 more or less.
[0061]
The approach described above with reference to Fig. 5 may be implemented instead of or along with that described above with reference to Fig. 2. In other words, the structure illustrated in Fig. 5 may operate in cooperation with that illustrated in Fig. 2.
[0062]
The application units described above with reference to, for example, Figs. 2 and 5 may be advantageously mounted on a rice transplanter. However, the application units may also be mounted on any device which requires the structure where liquid reagents should be discharged from two or more pipelines (valves) so that the difference in the amount of the liquid reagents which flow through the pipelines (valves) may be minimized.
[0063]
Each pipeline 32 may include a cock 32c capable of selectively opening or closing, as described above with reference to Fig. 2. In one embodiment, when the application unit 2' is deactivated, each cock 32c is also made closed. Then, when several hours have passed since the unit 2' was deactivated, air may be produced anywhere in the unit 2' (for example, chamber 30, pipelines 52, 54, etc.) Thus, prior to discharging the liquid reagent through each pipeline 32 when the unit 2' is activated, the pump 12 may be activated with each cock 32c closed. By making the pump 12 operate for 1 to 3 minutes, the air produced in the unit 2' may be captured by the pipeline 54 and carried back to the tank 10. Therefore, the amount of the air contained in the chamber 30 may be minimized. Then, each cock 32 may be opened to allow each pipeline 32 to discharge the liquid reagent.
Additionally, in one embodiment, the pipeline 54 may include a valve which is the same as the valve 40 described above near the one end 54a of the pipeline 54, as shown in Fig. 5. With the valve 40, the pressure of the reagent flowing through the one end 54a of the pipeline 54 can be adjusted to balance with that of the reagent flowing through the end 32b of each pipeline 32. Although Fig. 5 shows the valve 40 may be provided inside the tank 10, the valve 40 may also be provided outside the tank 10.
[0064]
Like in the embodiment described with reference to Fig. 2, the optional tank 10' and the elements associated with the tank 10' (including the pipeline 1 1, the pump 12', and the sensor 13) may be used to maintain the top surface of the liquid reagent contained in the tank 10 at around the predetermined level in the embodiment described with reference to Fig. 5.
[0065]
Examples of the herbicides and plant growth regulators that may be used in the control process include known active materials that act as inhibitors of acetolactate synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, cellulose synthase, enolpyruvylshikimate-3 -phosphate synthase, glutamine synthase, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, phytoene desaturase, photo system I, photo system II or protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and specific examples of such active materials are disclosed, for example, in Weed Research 26 (1986), 441 to 445, "The Pesticide Manual" 15th edition, The British Crop Protection Council and the Royal Society of Chemistry, 2006, and references cited within these publications.
[0066]
More specific examples of the herbicides include the active materials listed below (wherein the compounds are described by "common name" in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), or by chemical name or code number). Further, the active materials listed include all of the applied forms such as the acid, base and ester, as well as variants such as isomers, stereoisomers, and optical isomers. At least one applied form and/or variant is disclosed for each example.
Acetochlor, acibenzolar, acribenzolar-S-methyl, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminopyralid, amitrole, ammonium sulfamate, ancymidol, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, aziprotryn, beflubutamid, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulide, bensulfuron, bensulfuron- methyl, bentazone, benzfendizone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzofluor, benzoylprop, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil-butyrate, -potassium, -heptanoate, and - octanoate, bromuron, buminafos, busoxinone, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butenachlor, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlomethoxyfen, chloramben, chlorazifop, chlorazifop-butyl, chlorbromuron, chlorbufam, chlorfenac, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenprop, chlorflurenol, chlorfiurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlormequat-chloride, chlornitrofen, chlorphthalim, chlorthal- dimethyl, chlorotoluron, chlorsulfuron, cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, clofencet, clomazone, clomeprop, cloprop, clopyralid, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanamide, cyanazine, cyclanilide, cycloate, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cycluron, cyhalofop, cyhalofop -butyl, cyperquat, cyprazine, cyprazole, 2,4-D, 2,4-D- , -butyl, -dimethylammonium, -diolamin, -ethyl, - 2-ethylhexyl, -isobutyl, -isooctyl, -isopropylammonium, -potassium and triisopropanolammonium, , 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, -dimethylammonium, -isooctyl, -potassium, and -sodium, diamuron (dymron), dalapon, daminozide, dazomet, n-decanol, desmedipham, desmetryn, detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP), diallate, dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlo rop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclofop-P -methyl, diclosulam, diethatyl, diethatyl-ethyl, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dikegulac-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, dimethipin, dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoseb, dinoterb, diphenamid, dipropetryn, diquat, diquat- dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC, eglinazine-ethyl, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethephon, ethidimuron, ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, F-5231 (namely N-[2-chloro-4-fluoro- 5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-lH-tetrazol-l-yl]phenyl]-ethanesulfonamide), F-7967 (namely 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-benzimidazol-4-yl]-l-methyl-6- (trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-(lH,3H)-dione), fenoprop, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, fenuron, flamprop, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop -butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet (thiafluamide), flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetralin, flumetsulam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, flumipropyn, fluometuron, fluorodifen, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropacil, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, -dimethylammonium and -methyl, fluridone, fluorochloridone, fluoroxypyr, fluoroxypyr-meptyl, flurprimidol, flurtamone, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fluthiamide, fomesafen, fomesafen-sodium, foramsulfuron, forchlorfenuron, fosamine, furyloxyfen, gibberillic acid, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate-isopropylammonium, - ammonium, -diammonium, -dimethylammonium, -potassium, -sodium, and -trimesium, H-9201 (namely, 0-(2,4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)-0-ethyl-isopropylphosphoramidothioate), halauxifen, halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, HW-02 (namely, 1 -(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-ethyl-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetate), imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapyr, imazapyr- isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-ammonium, imazosulfuron, inabenfide, indanofan, indaziflam, indol-3-ylacetic acid (IAA), 4-indol-3- ylbutyric acid (IBA), iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron- sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-octanoate, -potassium and -sodium, ipfencarbazone, isocarbamid, isopropalin, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, isoxapyrifop, karbutilate, KUH-043 (namely, 3-({[5-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-4- yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazole, karbutilate, ketospiradox, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, MCPA, MCPA-butotyl, -dimethylammonium, -2- ethylhexyl, -isopropylammonium, -potassium, and -sodium, MCPB, MCPB-methyl, -ethyl and - sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-butotyl, mecoprop-P-butotyl, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P-potassium, mefenacet, mefluidide, mepiquat-chloride, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, methabenzthiazuron, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazasulfuron, methabenz- thiazuron, methazole, methiopyrsulfuron, methiozolin, methoxyphenone, methyldymron, 1- methylcyclopropene, methyl isothiocyanate, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metolachlor, S- metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monalide, monocarbamide, monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron ester, monuron, MT-128 (namely, 6-chloro-N-[(2E)-3-chloroprop-2-en-l-yl]-5- methyl-N-phenylpyridazin-3-amine), MT-5950 (namely, N-[3-chloro-4-(l-methylethyl)-phenyl]- 2-methylpentanamide, NGGC-011, naproanilide, napropamide, naptalam, NC-310 (namely, 4- (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-l-methyl-5-benzyloxypyrazole), neburon, nicosulfuron, nipyraclofen, nitralin, nitrofen, nitrophenolate-sodium (isomeric mixture), nitrofluorfen, nonanoic acid, norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids), orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paclobutrazol, paraquat, paraquat-dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), pendimethalin, pendralin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentachlorphenol,pentoxazone, perfluidone, pethoxamid, petroleum oils, phenisopham, phenmedipham, phenmedipham-ethyl, picloram, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, piributicarb, pirifenop, pirifenop -butyl, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, probenazole, profluazol, procyazine, prodiamine, prifluraline, profoxydim, prohexadione, prohexadione- calcium, prohydrojasmone, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfalin, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, prynachlor, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate (pyrazolate), pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribambenz, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalof op -ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P- tefuryl, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, secbumeton, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, SN- 106279 (namely, methyl-(2R)-2-({7-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2- naphtyl}oxy)propanoate, sulcotrione, sulfallate (CDEC), sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosate (glyphosate-trimesium), sulfosulfuron, SW-065, SYN-523, SYP- 249 (namely, l-ethoxy-3 -methyl- l -oxobut-3-en-2-yl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2- nitrobenzoate), SYP-300 (namely, l-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-yn-l-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-l,4- benzoxazin-6-yl]-3-propyl-2-thioxoimidazolidine-4,5-dione, 2,3,6-TBA, tebutam, tebuthiuron, tecnazene, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbuchlor, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, thenylchlor, thiafluamide, thiazafluoron, thiazopyr, thidiazimin, thidiazuron, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron- methyl, thiobencarb, tiocarbazil, topramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, triallate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, triazofenamide, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), TCA- sodium, triclopyr, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, trimeturon, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, tritosulfuron, tsitodef, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, urea sulfate, vernolate, ZJ-0862 (namely, 3,4-dichloro-N- {2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline, and the compounds shown below:
[Chemical Formula 1]
Figure imgf000027_0001
[0067]
Examples of herbicides that can be used in the present invention are listed below in terms of their respective mechanisms of action.
(1) Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors
Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid-based ACCase inhibitors: clodinafop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl, propaquizafop, quizalofop-P-ethyl and metamifop.
Cyclohexanedione-based ACCase inhibitors: alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim and tralkoxydim.
Phenylpyrazoline-based ACCase inhibitors: pinoxaden.
(2) Acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors
Sulfonylurea-based ALS inhibitors: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-Na, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, TH547 and NC620.
Imidazolinone-based ALS inhibitors: imazapic, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapyr, imazaquin and imazethapyr.
Triazolopyrimidine-based ALS inhibitors: cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flumetsulam, metosulam and penoxsulam.
Pyrimidinylsalicylic acid-based ALS inhibitors: bispyribac-sodium, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyriminobac-methyl and pyrimisulfan.
Triazolinone-based ALS inhibitors: flucarbazone-sodium, propoxycarbazone-sodium and thiencarbazone.
(3) Photosynthesis inhibitors (photo system II)
Triazine-based inhibitors: ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, desmetryn, dimethamethryn, prometon, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn and trietazine.
Triazinone-based inhibitors: hexazinone, metamitron and metribuzin.
Triazolinone-based inhibitors: amicarbazone.
Uracil-based inhibitors: bromacil, lenacil and terbacil.
Pyridazinone-based inhibitors: chloridazon.
Phenylcarbamate-based inhibitors: desmedipham and phenmedipham. Urea-based inhib iters: chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, dimefuron, diuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, isouron, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, neburon, siduron and tebuthiuron.
Amide-based inhibitors: propanil and pentanochlor.
Nitrile-based inhibitors: bromofenoxim, bromoxynil and ioxynil.
Benzothiadiazinone-based inhibitors: bentazone.
Phenylpyridazine-based inhibitors: pyridate and pyridafol.
(4) Photoactivated toxic agents (photo system II)
Bipyridinium-based agents: diquat and paraquat.
(5) Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors
Diphenyl ether-based inhibitors: acifluorfen, bifenox, chlomethoxyfen, fluoroglycofen, fomesafen, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen and chlomethoxynil.
Phenylpyrazole-based inhibitors: fluazolate and pyraflufen-ethyl.
N-phenylphthalimide-based inhibitors: cinidon-ethyl, flumioxazin and flumiclorac-pentyl. Thiadiazole-based inhibitors: fluthiacet-methyl and oxadiargyl.
Oxadiazole-based inhibitors: oxadiazon and oxadiargyl.
Triazolinone-based inhibitors: azafenidin, carfentrazone-ethyl and sulfentrazone.
Oxazolidinedione-based inhibitors: pentoxazone.
Pyrimidinedione-based inhibitors: benzfendizone and butafenacil.
Others: pyraclonil, profluazol and flufenpyr-ethyl.
(6) Carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitors
(a) PDS inhibitors
Pyridazinone-based inhibitors: norflurazon
Pyridinecarboxamide-based inhibitors: diflufenican and picolinafen.
Others: beflubutamid, fluridone, fluorochloridone and flurtamone.
(b) 4-HPPD inhibitors
Triketone-based inhibitors: mesotrione, sulcotrione, benzobicyclon and tefuryltrione. Isoxazole-based inhibitors: isoxachlortole and isoxaflutole. Pyrazole-based inhibitors: benzofenap, pyrazolynate and pyrazoxyfen.
Others: benzobicyclon
(c) Unknown target reagents
Triazole-based reagents: amitrole.
Iosoxazolidinone-based reagents: clomazone.
Diphenyl ether-based reagents: aclonifen.
(7) EPSP synthase inhibitors
Glycine-based inhibitors: glyphosate and glyphosate-trimesium.
(8) Glutamine synthase inhibitors
Phosphinic acid-based inhibitors: glufosinate and bilanafos.
(9) DHP synthase inhibitors
Carbamate-based inhibitors: asulam.
(10) Microtubule polymerization inhibitors
Dinitroaniline-based inhibitors: bethrodine, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin and trifluralin.
Phosphoramide-based inhibitors: amiprofos-methyl and butamifos.
Pyridine-based inhibitors: dithiopyr and thiazopyr.
Benzamide-based inhibitors: propyzamide, tebutam and chlorthal-dimethyl.
(11) Mitosis -microtubule formation inhibitors
Carbamate-based inhibitors: chlorpropham, propham and carbetamide.
(12) Very long chain fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors
Chloroacetamide-based inhibitors: acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, metazachlor, metolachlor, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, propisochlor and thenylchlor.
Acetamide-based inhibitors: diphenamid, napropamide and naproanilide.
Oxyacetamide-based inhibitors: flufenacet and mefenacet.
Tetrazolinone-based inhibitors: fentrazamide.
Others: anilofos, cafenstrole and piperophos. (13) Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors
Nitrile-based inhibitors: dichlobenil and chlorthiamid.
Benzamide-based inhibitors: isoxaben.
Triazolocarboximide-based inhibitors: flupoxam.
Quinolinecarboxylic acid-based inhibitors: quinclorac.
(14) Uncouplers
Dintropehnol -based uncouplers: DNOC, dinoseb and dinoterb.
(15) Fatty acid elongation inhibitors (Non-ACCase inhibitors)
Thiocarbamate-based inhibitors: butylate, cycloate, dimepiperate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, pebulate, prosulfocarb, benthiocarb, piributicarb, thiocarbazil, triallate and vernolate.
Phosphate dithioate-based inhibitors: bensulide.
Benzofuran-based inhibitors: benfuresate and ethofumesate
Chlorocarbonic acid-based inhibitors: TCA, dalapon and tetrapion.
(16) Auxin-like herbicides
Phenoxycarboxylic acid-based reagents: clomeprop, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPB and MCPP.
Benzoic acid-based reagents: chloramben, dicamba and 2,3,6-TBA.
Pyridinecarboxylic acid-based reagents: clopyralid, fluoroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr, quinclorac and quinmerac.
Others: benazolin-ethyl.
(17) Auxin transport inhibitors
Naphthalamate-based inhibitors: naptalam.
Semicarbazone-based inhibitors: diflufenzopyr-sodium.
(18) Others: (unknown mechanism of action)
Arylaminopropionic acid-based reagents: flamprop-M-methyl and flamprop-isopropyl.
Pyrazolium-based reagents: difenzoquat.
Organic arsenic-based reagents: DSMA and MSMA. Others: bromobutide, chlorflurenol, cumyluron, dazomet, daimuron, methyldaimuron, etobenzanid, fosamine, indanofan, metam, oxaziclomefone, oleic acid, pelargonic acid and piributicarb.
[0068]
Further, sulfonylurea-based compounds, sulfonanilide-based compounds, benzoylcyclohexanedione-based compounds and salts thereof are preferred as the herbicide. Examples of particularly preferred herbicides include the sulfonanilide-based compounds pyrimisulfan and triafamone. Furthermore, specific examples of the benzoylcyclohexanedione- based compounds include tefuryltrione, ketospiradox, mesotrione, sulcotrione and tembotrione.
[0069]
Examples for plant growth regulators are:
Acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, 5 -aminolevulinic acid, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, Brassinolid, catechine, chlormequat chloride, cloprop, cyclanilide, 3-(cycloprop-l-enyl) propionic acid, daminozide, dazomet, n-decanol, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, endothal, endothal-dipotassium, -disodium, and -mono(N,N-dimethylalkylammonium), ethephon, flumetralin, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurprimidol, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indol-3 -acetic acid (IAA), 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid, isoprothiolane, probenazole, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, 1-methylcyclopropene, methyl jasmonate, 2-(l- naphthyl)acetamide, 1-naphthylacetic acid, 2- naphthyloxyacetic acid, nitrophenolate-mixture, paclobutrazol, N-(2-phenylethyl)-beta-alanine, N-phenylphthalamic acid, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmone, salicylic acid, strigolactone, tecnazene, thidiazuron, triacontanol, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, tsitodef, uniconazole, uniconazole-P.
[0070]
Examples for the fungicides that may be used in the control process in mixed formulations or in tank mix specified herein by their "common name" are known and described, for example, in the Pesticide Manual or can be searched in the internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides').
1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example (1.1) aldimorph, (1.2) azaconazole, (1.3) bitertanol, (1.4) bromuconazole, (1.5) cyproconazole, (1.6) diclobutrazole, (1.7) difenoconazole, (1.8) diniconazole, (1.9) diniconazole-M, (1.10) dodemorph, (1.11) dodemorph acetate, (1.12) epoxiconazole, (1.13) etaconazole, (1.14) fenarimol, (1.15) fenbuconazole, (1.16) fenhexamid, (1.17) fenpropidin, (1.18) fenpropimorph, (1.19) fluquinconazole, (1.20) flurprimidol, (1.21) flusilazole, (1.22) flutriafol, (1.23) furconazole, (1.24) furconazole-cis, (1.25) hexaconazole, (1.26) imazalil, (1.27) imazalil sulfate, (1.28) imibenconazole, (1.29) ipconazole, (1.30) metconazole, (1.31) myclobutanil, (1.32) naftifine, (1.33) nuarimol, (1.34) oxpoconazole, (1.35) paclobutrazol, (1.36) pefurazoate, (1.37) penconazole, (1.38) piperalin, (1.39) prochloraz, (1.40) propiconazole, (1.41) prothioconazole, (1.42) pyributicarb, (1.43) pyrifenox, (1.44) quinconazole, (1.45) simeconazole, (1.46) spiroxamine, (1.47) tebuconazole, (1.48) terbinafine, (1.49) tetraconazole, (1.50) triadimefon, (1.51) triadimenol, (1.52) tridemorph, (1.53) triflumizole, (1.54) triforine, (1.55) triticonazole, (1.56) uniconazole, (1.57) uniconazole-p, (1.58) viniconazole, (1.59) voriconazole, (1.60) l-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- yl)cycloheptanol, (1.61) methyl l-(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)-lH-imidazole-5- carboxylate, (1.62) N'-{5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4-[3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.63) N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'-{2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4- [3-(trimethylsilyl)propoxy]phenyl}imidoformamide, (1.64) 0-[l-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,3- dimethylbutan-2-yl] lH-imidazole-l-carbothioate, (1.65) Pyrisoxazole.
2) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, for example (2.1) bixafen, (2.2) boscalid, (2.3) carboxin, (2.4) diflumetorim, (2.5) fenfuram, (2.6) fluopyram, (2.7) flutolanil, (2.8) fluxapyroxad, (2.9) furametpyr, (2.10) furmecyclox, (2.11) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.12) isopyrazam (anti- epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.13) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.14) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.15) isopyrazam (syn epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.16) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.17) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.18) mepronil, (2.19) oxycarboxin, (2.20) penflufen, (2.21) penthiopyrad, (2.22) sedaxane, (2.23) thifluzamide, (2.24) l-methyl-N-[2- (l, l,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.25) 3- (difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl-N-[2-( 1 , 1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.26) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4-fluoro-2-( 1 , 1 ,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)phenyl] - 1 -methyl- 1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.27) N-[ 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -methoxypropan-2-yl] -3 - (difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.28) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4- { [4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.29) benzovindiflupyr, (2.30) N-[( 1 S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5 -yl] -3 - (difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.31) N-[(lR,4S)-9-
(dichloromethylene)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5 -yl] -3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 - methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.32) 3 -(difluoromethyl) -l-methyl-N-(l, l,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.33) l,3,5-trimethyl-N-(l, 1,3-trimethyl- 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.34) l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N- (1, l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.35) l-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)- 1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl] - lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.36) l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-l, l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden- 4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.37) 3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-N-[(3S)-l, 1,3-trimethyl- 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.38) 3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-N- [(3R)-1, l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.39) 1,3,5- trimethyl-N-[(3R)- 1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl] - lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.40) l,3,5-trimethyl-N-[(3S)-l, l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.41) benodanil, (2.42) 2-chloro-N-(l, l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4- yl)pyridine-3 -carboxamide, (2.43) N-[l-(4-isopropoxy-2-methylphenyl)-2 -methyl- 1-oxopropan- 2-yl]-3-methylthiophene-2 -carboxamide.
3) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example (3.1) ametoctradin, (3.2) amisulbrom, (3.3) azoxystrobin, (3.4) cyazofamid, (3.5) coumethoxystrobin, (3.6) coumoxystrobin, (3.7) dimoxystrobin, (3.8) enoxastrobin, (3.9) famoxadone, (3.10) fenamidone, (3.11) flufenoxystrobin, (3.12) fluoxastrobin, (3.13) kresoxim-methyl, (3.14) metominostrobin, (3.15) orysastrobin, (3.16) picoxystrobin, (3.17) pyraclostrobin, (3.18) pyrametostrobin, (3.19) pyraoxystrobin, (3.20) pyribencarb, (3.21) triclopyricarb, (3.22) trifloxystrobin, (3.23) (2E)-2-(2- {[6-(3-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}phenyl)-2-(methoxyimino)-N- methylacetamide, (3.24) (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2-{[({(lE)-l-[3-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)acetamide, (3.25) (2E)-2- (methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2- {2- [(E)-( { 1 - [3 -
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethoxy}imino)methyl]phenyl}acetamide, (3.26) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(lE)-l-(3- { [(E)- 1 -fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino} oxy)methyl]phenyl} -2- (methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.27) Fenaminostrobin, (3.28) 5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2- {[({(lE)-l-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene}amino)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-
1.2.4- triazol-3-one, (3.29) methyl (2E)-2-{2-[({cyclopropyl[(4- methoxyphenyl)imino] methyl } sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl } -3 -methoxyacrylate, (3.30) N-(3 -ethyl-
3.5.5- trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamido-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.31) 2-{2-[(2,5- dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.32) 2-{2-[(2,5- dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl} -2 -methoxy-N -methylacetamide.
4) Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division, for example (4.1) benomyl, (4.2) carbendazim, (4.3) chlorfenazole, (4.4) diethofencarb, (4.5) ethaboxam, (4.6) fluopicolide, (4.7) fuberidazole, (4.8) pencycuron, (4.9) thiabendazole, (4.10) thiophanate-methyl, (4.11) thiophanate, (4.12) zoxamide, (4.13) 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-l-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5- a]pyrimidine, (4.14) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine .
5) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, for example (5.1) bordeaux mixture, (5.2) captafol, (5.3) captan, (5.4) chlorothalonil, (5.5) copper hydroxide, (5.6) copper naphthenate, (5.7) copper oxide, (5.8) copper oxy chloride, (5.9) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.10) dichlofluanid, (5.11) dithianon, (5.12) dodine, (5.13) dodine free base, (5.14) ferbam, (5.15) fluorofolpet, (5.16) folpet, (5.17) guazatine, (5.18) guazatine acetate, (5.19) iminoctadine, (5.20) iminoctadine albesilate, (5.21) iminoctadine triacetate, (5.22) mancopper, (5.23) mancozeb, (5.24) maneb, (5.25) metiram, (5.26) metiram zinc, (5.27) oxine-copper, (5.28) propamidine, (5.29) propineb, (5.30) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, (5.31) thiram, (5.32) tolylfluanid, (5.33) zineb, (5.34) ziram, (5.35) anilazine.
6) Compounds capable to induce a host defence, for example (6.1) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.2) isotianil, (6.3) probenazole, (6.4) tiadinil, (6.5) laminarin.
7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example (7.1) andoprim, (7.2) blasticidin-S, (7.3) cyprodinil, (7.4) kasugamycin, (7.5) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate,
(7.6) mepanipyrim, (7.7) pyrimethanil, (7.8) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline, (7.9) oxytetracycline, (7.10) streptomycin.
8) Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example (8.1) fentin acetate, (8.2) fentin chloride, (8.3) fentin hydroxide, (8.4) silthiofam.
9) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example (9.1) benthiavalicarb, (9.2) dimethomorph, (9.3) flumorph, (9.4) iprovalicarb, (9.5) mandipropamid, (9.6) polyoxins, (9.7) polyoxorim, (9.8) validamycin A, (9.9) valifenalate, (9.10) polyoxin B.
10) Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis, for example (10.1) biphenyl, (10.2) chloroneb, (10.3) dicloran, (10.4) edifenphos, (10.5) etridiazole, (10.6) iodocarb, (10.7) iprobenfos, (10.8) isoprothiolane, (10.9) propamocarb, (10.10) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.11) prothiocarb,
(10.12) pyrazophos, (10.13) quintozene, (10.14) tecnazene, (10.15) tolclofos-methyl.
11) Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis, for example (11.1) carpropamid, (11.2) diclocymet, (11 3) fenoxanil, (11.4) phthalide, (11.5) pyroquilon, (11.6) tricyclazole, (11.7) 2,2,2- trifluoroethyl {3-methyl-l-[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl}carbamate.
12) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example (12.1) benalaxyl, (12.2) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.3) bupirimate, (12.4) clozylacon, (12.5) dimethirimol, (12.6) ethirimol, (12.7) furalaxyl, (12.8) hymexazol, (12.9) metalaxyl, (12.10) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), (12.11) ofurace, (12.12) oxadixyl, (12.13) oxolinic acid, (12.14) octhilinone.
13) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, for example (13.1) chlozolinate, (13.2) fenpiclonil, (13.3) fludioxonil, (13.4) iprodione, (13.5) procymidone, (13.6) quinoxyfen, (13.7) vinclozolin, (13.8) proquinazid.
14) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, for example (14.1) binapacryl, (14.2) dinocap,
(14.3) ferimzone, (14.4) fluazinam, (14.5) meptyldinocap.
15) Further compounds, for example (15.1) benthiazole, (15.2) bethoxazin, (15.3) capsimycin,
(15.4) carvone, (15.5) chinomethionat, (15.6) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (15.7) cufraneb, (15.8) cyflufenamid, (15.9) cymoxanil, (15.10) cyprosulfamide, (15.11) dazomet, (15.12) debacarb,
(15.13) dichlorophen, (15.14) diclomezine, (15.15) difenzoquat, (15.16) difenzoquat metilsulfate, (15.17) diphenylamine, (15.18) ecomate, (15.19) fenpyrazamine, (15.20) flumetover, (15.21) fluoroimide, (15.22) flusulfamide, (15.23) flutianil, (15.24) fosetyl-aluminium, (15.25) fosetyl- calcium, (15.26) fosetyl-sodium, (15.27) hexachlorobenzene, (15.28) irumamycin, (15.29) methasulfocarb, (15.30) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.31) metrafenone, (15.32) mildiomycin, (15.33) natamycin, (15.34) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.35) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.37) oxamocarb, (15.38) oxyfenthiin, (15.39) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.40) phenothrin, (15.41) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.42) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.43) propanosine-sodium, (15.44) pyrimorph, (15.45) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(mo holin-4- yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one, (15.46) (2Z)-3 -(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3 -(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)- 1 -(morpholin-4- yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (15.47) pyrrolnitrine, (15.48) tebufloquin, (15.49) tecloftalam, (15.50) tolnifanide, (15.51) triazoxide, (15.52) trichlamide, (15.53) zarilamid, (15.54) (3S,6S,7R,8R)-8- benzyl-3-[({3-[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy]-4-methoxypyridin-2-yl}carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9- dioxo-l,5-dioxonan-7-yl 2-methylpropanoate, (15.55) l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5- dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl] - 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-yl}piperidin- 1 -yl)-2- [5 -methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1H- pyrazol- 1 -yl] ethanone, (15.56) 1 -(4- {4-[(5 S)-5 -(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 - yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (15.57) l-(4-{4-[5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin- 1 -yl)-2-[5 -methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- IH-pyrazol- 1 -yl] ethanone, (15.58) 1 -(4-methoxyphenoxy)- 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl lH-imidazole-l-carboxylate, (15.59) 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4- (methylsulfonyl)pyridine, (15.60) 2,3-dibutyl-6-chlorothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, (15.61) 2,6-dimethyl-lH,5H-[l,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-l,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetrone, (15.62) 2-[5- methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3- yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)ethanone, (15.63) 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH- pyrazol-l-yl]-l-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l- yl)ethanone, (15.64) 2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-{4-[4-(5-phenyl-4,5- dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl)- 1 ,3 -thiazol-2-yl]piperidin- 1 -yl} ethanone, (15.65) 2-butoxy-6-iodo-3 - propyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (15.66) 2-chloro-5-[2-chloro-l-(2,6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-4- methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine, (15.67) 2-phenylphenol and salts, (15.68) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro- 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline, (15.69) 3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6- dicarbonitrile, (15.70) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (15.71) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (15.72) 5-amino- 1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazole-2 -thiol, (15.73) 5 -chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn- 1 -yl)thiophene-2- sulfonohydrazide, (15.74) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.75) 5-fluoro- 2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.76) 5-methyl-6-octyl[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5- a]pyrimidin-7-amine, (15.77) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.78) N'-(4-{[3-(4- chlorobenzyl)-l,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl]oxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (15.79) N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3 -[3 -methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn- 1 - yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, (15.80) N-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-3-[3-methoxy-4-(prop- 2-yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, (15.81) N-[(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,4- dichloronicotinamide, (15.82) N-[ 1 -(5 -bromo-3 -chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl] -2,4- dichloronicotinamide, (15.83) N-[l -(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl]-2-fluoro-4- iodonicotinamide, (15.84) N-{(E)-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino][6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3- difluorophenyl] methyl } -2-phenylacetamide, (15.85) N-{ (Z)- [(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino] [6- (difluoromethoxy)-2,3-difluorophenyl]methyl}-2-phenylacetamide, (15.86) N'-{4-[(3-tert-butyl- 4-cyano- 1 ,2-thiazol-5 -yl)oxy] -2-chloro-5 -methylphenyl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15.87) N-methyl-2-( 1 - { [5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N- ( 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)- 1 ,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, (15.88) N-methyl-2-( 1 -{ [5- methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-[( 1R)- 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl] - 1 ,3 -thiazole-4-carboxamide, (15.89) N-methyl-2-( 1 - { [5 -methyl-3 - (trifluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-N-[( 1 S)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen- l-yl]-l,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide, (15.90) pentyl {6-[({[(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino} oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl} carbamate, (15.91) phenazine- 1 - carboxylic acid, (15.92) quinolin-8-ol, (15.93) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2: 1), (15.94) tert-butyl {6- [({[(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.95) 1 -methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl] - lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (15.96) N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (15.97) N-(2',4'-dichlorobiphenyl-2-yl)-3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, (15.98) 3 -(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl -N-[4'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2 -yl]- 1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.99) N-(2',5 '-difluorobiphenyl-2-yl)- 1 -methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.100) 3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-N-[4'-(prop-l-yn-l- yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.101) 5-fluoro-l,3-dimethyl-N-[4'-(prop-l-yn- l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.102) 2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop-l-yn-l- yl)biphenyl-2-yl]nicotinamide, (15.103) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-l-yn-l- yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.104) N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-l-yn-l- yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-5-fluoro-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.105) 3-
(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-l -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.106) N- (4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)-5-fluoro-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.107) 2-chloro- N-(4'-ethynylbiphenyl-2-yl)nicotinamide, (15.108) 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3,3-dimethylbut-l-yn-l- yl)biphenyl-2-yl]nicotinamide, (15.109) 4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N-[4'- (trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide, (15.110) 5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-
3- methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.111) 2- chloro-N-[4'-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]nicotinamide, (15.112) 3- (difluoromethyl)-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut- 1 -yn- 1 -yl)biphenyl-2-yl]- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-
4- carboxamide, (15.113) 5-fluoro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl]-l,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.114) 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-l-yn-l- yl)biphenyl-2-yl]nicotinamide, (15.115) (5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)(2,3,4- trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone, (15.116) N-[2-(4-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-l- yl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N2-(methylsulfonyl)valinamide, (15.117) 4-oxo-4-[(2- phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (15.118) but-3-yn-l-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino} oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl} carbamate, (15.119) 4-amino-5 - fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (mesomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(lH)-one), (15.120) propyl 3.4.5- trihydroxybenzoate, (15.121) l,3-dimethyl-N-(l, l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.122) l,3-dimethyl-N-[(3R)-l, l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.123) l,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-l, l,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (15.124) [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5- (2,4-difluorophenyl)-l,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (15.125) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2- fluorophenyl)-5 -(2,4-difluorophenyl)- 1 ,2-oxazol-4-yl] (pyridin-3 -yl)methanol, (15.126) (R)-[3 -(4- chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-l,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (15.127) 2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4- triazole-3 -thione, (15.128) l-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}- lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (15.129) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-l-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazole, (15.130) 2-[l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15.131) 2- {[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H- l,2,4-triazole-3 -thione, (15.132) 2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15.133) 1- { [rel(2R,3 S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl} - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-5 -yl thiocyanate, (15.134) l-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2- yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (15.135) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-l-{ [rel(2R,3S)-3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazole, (15.136) 5- (allylsulfanyl)-l-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}- lH-l,2,4-triazole, (15.137) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15.138) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-l-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3 -thione, (15.139) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)- 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5 -hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4- dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3 -thione, (15.140) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-
2.6.6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15.141) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-l- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3- thione, (15.142) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]- 2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3 -thione, (15.143) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (15.144) 2- [(2S,4R,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3 -thione, (15.145) 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-( 1 , 1 ,3 -trimethyl-2,3 -dihydro- 1H- inden-4-yl)benzamide, (15.146) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2-yl)quinazoline, (15.147) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.148) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinoline, (15.149) Abscisic acid. All named mixing partners of the classes (1) to (15) can, if their functional groups enable this, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids.
[0071]
Examples for the Insecticides/acaricides/nematicides that may be used in the control process in mixed formulations or in tank mix specified herein by their "common name" are known and described, for example, in the Pesticide Manual ("The Pesticide Manual", 14th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2006) or can be searched in the internet (e.g. littp://ww7w.alanwood.net/pesticides).
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example
carbamates, e.g. Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC, and Xylylcarb; or
organophosphates, e.g. Acephate, Azamethiphos, Azinphos-ethyl, Azinphos-methyl, Cadusafos, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Coumaphos, Cyanophos, Demeton-S-methyl, Diazinon, Dichlorvos/DDVP, Dicrotophos, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Disulfoton, EPN, Ethion, Ethoprophos, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenitrothion, Fenthion, Fosthiazate, Heptenophos, Imicyafos, Isofenphos, Isopropyl 0-(methoxyaminothio- phosphoryl) salicylate, Isoxathion, Malathion, Mecarbam, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Mevinphos, Monocrotophos, Naled, Omethoate, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion, Parathion- methyl, Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Pirimiphos-methyl, Profenofos, Propetamphos, Prothiofos, Pyraclofos, Pyridaphenthion, Quinalphos, Sulfotep, Tebupirimfos, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Thiometon, Triazophos, Trichlorfon, and Vamidothion.
(2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example
cyclodiene organochlorines, e.g. Chlordane and Endosulfan; or
phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), e.g. Ethiprole and Fipronil.
(3) Sodium channel modulators / voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin, Allethrin, d-cis-trans Allethrin, d-trans Allethrin, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, Bioresmethrin, Cycloprothrin, Cyfluthrin, beta-Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, lambda-Cyhalothrin, gamma-Cyhalothrin, Cypermethrin, alpha- Cypermethrin, beta-Cypermethrin, theta-Cypermethrin, zeta-Cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin [(1R)- trans isomers], Deltamethrin, Empenthrin [(EZ)-(IR) isomers), Esfenvalerate, Etofenprox, Fenpropathrin, Fenvalerate, Flucythrinate, Flumethrin, tau-Fluvalinate, Halfenprox, Imiprothrin, Kadethrin, Permethrin, Phenothrin [(lR)-trans isomer), Prallethrin, Pyrethrine (pyrethrum), Resmethrin, Silafluofen, Tefluthrin, Tetramethrin, Tetramethrin [(1R) isomers)], Tralomethrin, and Transfluthrin; or
DDT; or Methoxychlor.
(4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, for example
neonicotinoids, e.g. Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Nitenpyram, Thiacloprid, and Thiamethoxam; or
Nicotine; or
Sulfoxaflor.
(5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators, for example
spinosyns, e.g. Spinetoram and Spinosad.
(6) Chloride channel activators, for example
avermectins/milbemycins, e.g. Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin, and Milbemectin.
(7) Juvenile hormone mimics, for example
juvenile hormon analogues, e.g. Hydroprene, Kinoprene, and Methoprene; or
Fenoxycarb; or Pyriproxyfen.
(8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for example
alkyl halides, e.g. Methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or
Chloropicrin; or Sulfuryl fluoride; or Borax; or Tartar emetic.
(9) Selective homopteran feeding blockers, e.g. Pymetrozine; or Flonicamid.
(10) Mite growth inhibitors, e.g. Clofentezine, Hexythiazox, and Diflovidazin; or
Etoxazole.
(11) Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B. t. crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, CrylA.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34 Abl/35Abl; or
Bacillus sphaericus. (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, for example Diafenthiuron; or organotin miticides, e.g. Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, and Fenbutatin oxide; or
Propargite; or Tetradifon.
(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phoshorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, for example Chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and Sulfluramid.
(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, for example Bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, Thiocyclam, and Thiosultap-sodium.
(15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, for example Bistrifluron, Chlorfluazuron, Diflubenzuron, Flucycloxuron, Flufenoxuron, Hexaflumuron, Lufenuron, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Teflubenzuron, and Trifiumuron.
(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, for example Buprofezin.
(17) Moulting disrupters, for example Cyromazine.
(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, for example Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide, and Tebufenozide.
(19) Octopamine receptor agonists, for example Amitraz.
(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, for example Hydramethylnon; or Acequinocyl; or Fluacrypyrim.
(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example
METI acaricides, e.g. Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, and Tolfenpyrad; or
Rotenone (Derris).
(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. Indoxacarb; or Metaflumizone.
(23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, for example
tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, and Spirotetramat.
(24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example
phosphines, e.g. Aluminium phosphide, Calcium phosphide, Phosphine, and Zinc phosphide; or Cyanide.
(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, for example beta-ketonitrile derivatives, e.g. Cyenopyrafen and Cyflumetofen. (28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, for example
diamides, e.g. Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, and Flubendiamide.
Further active ingredients with unknown or uncertain mode of action, for example Amidoflumet, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Cryolite, Dicofol, Diflovidazin, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufiprole, Fluopyram, Fufenozide, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Meperfluthrin, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Tetramethylfluthrin, and iodomethane; furthermore products based on Bacillus firmus (including but not limited to strain CNCM 1-1582, such as, for example, VOTiVO™, BioNem) or one of the following known active compounds : 3-bromo-N-{2-bromo-4-chloro-6-[( 1 -cyclopropylethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl} - 1 -(3- chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2005/077934), 4-{[(6- bromopyridin-3 -yl)methyl] (2-fluoroethyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-one (known from
WO2007/ 115644), 4- { [(6-fluoropyridin-3 -yl)methyl] (2,2-difluoroethyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115644), 4-{[(2-chloro-l,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2- fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chlorpyridin-3- yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115644), Flupyradifurone, 4- { [(6-chlor-5 -fluoropyridin-3 -yl)methyl] (methyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115643), 4-{[(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2- fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115646), 4-{[(6-chloro-5- fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO2007/115643), 4-{[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A- 0 539 588), 4-{[(6-chlo yridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP- A-0 539 588), {[l-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido^4-sulfanylidene}cyanamide (known from WO2007/149134) and its diastereomers {[(lR)-l-(6-chloropyridin-3- yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido^4-sulfanylidene}cyanamide (A) and {[(lS)-l-(6-chloropyridin-3- yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido^4-sulfanylidene}cyanamide (B) (also known from WO2007/149134) as well as diastereomers [(R)-methyl(oxido){(lR)-l-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-λ4- sulfanylidene]cyanamide (Al) and [(S)-methyl(oxido){(lS)-l-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl] ethyl }-λ4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (A2), referred to as group of diastereomers A (known from WO2010/074747, WO2010/074751), [(R)-methyl(oxido){(lS)-l-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3- yl] ethyl }^4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (Bl) and [(S)-methyl(oxido){(lR)-l-[6-
(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl] ethyl }^4-sulfanylidene]cyanamide (B2), referred to as group of diastereomers B (also known from WO2010/074747, WO2010/074751), and 1 l-(4-chloro-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-12-hydroxy-l,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradec-l 1-en-lO-one (known from WO2006/089633), 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbiphenyl-3-yl)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-l-azaspiro[4.5]dec- 3-en-2-one (known from WO2008/067911), l-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2- trifluorethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-amine (known from WO2006/043635), Afidopyropen (known from WO2008/066153), 2-cyano-3-(difluoromethoxy)- Ν,Ν-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide (known from WO2006/056433), 2-cyano-3- (difluoromethoxy)-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide (known from WO2006/100288), 2-cyano-3- (difluoromethoxy)-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide (known from WO2005/035486), 4- (difluoromethoxy)-N-ethyl-N-methyl-l,2-benzothiazol-3 -amine 1, 1 -dioxide (known from WO2007/057407), N-[l-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-l,3- thiazol-2-amine (known from WO2008/104503), { l'-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-l-yi]-5- fluorospiro[indole-3,4'-piperidin]-l(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (known from WO2003/106457), 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2- one (known from WO2009/049851), 3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-l,8- diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (known from WO2009/049851), 4-(but-2-yn-l- yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (known from WO2004/099160), (2,2,3, 3,4,4,5, 5-octafluoropentyl)(3, 3, 3-trifluoropropyl)malononitrile (known from WO2005/063094), (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)malononitrile (known from WO2005/063094), 8-[2-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-3-[6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-yl]-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from WO2007/040280), Flometoquin, PF1364 (CAS-Reg.No. 1204776-60-2) (known from JP2010/018586), 5-[5-(3,5- dichlorophenyl)-5 -(trifluoromethyl)-4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl] -2-( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 - yl)benzonitrile (known from WO2007/075459), 5-[5-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)- 4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3 -yl] -2-( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)benzonitrile (known from
WO2007/075459), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-2- methyl-N-{2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide (known from
WO2005/085216), 4-{[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}-l,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}-l,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one, 4-{[(6- chloropyridin-3 -yl)methyl] (ethyl)amino} - 1 ,3 -oxazol-2(5H)-one, 4- { [(6-chloropyridin-3 - yl)methyl](methyl)amino}-l,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one (all known from WO2010/005692), Pyflubumide (known from WO2002/096882), methyl 2-[2-({[3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)- 1 H-pyrazol-5 -yl] carbonyl } amino)-5 -chloro-3 -methylbenzoyl] -2 -methylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[2-({[3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazol-5- yl]carbonyl}amino)-5-cyano-3-methylbenzoyl]-2-ethylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[2-({[3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazol-5- yl]carbonyl}amino)-5-cyano-3-methylbenzoyl]-2 -methylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-l-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazol-5- yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-l,2-diethylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), methyl 2-[3 ,5 -dibromo-2-( { [3 -bromo- 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-yl)- lH-pyrazol-5 - yl]carbonyl}amino)benzoyl]-2-ethylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2005/085216), (5RS,7RS;5RS,7SR)-l-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-l,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-7-methyl-8-nitro-5- propoxyimidazo[l,2-a]pyridine (known from WO2007/101369), 2-{6-[2-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)- l,3-thiazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}pyrimidine (known from WO2010/006713), 2-{6-[2-(pyridin-3-yl)- l,3-thiazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}pyrimidine (known from WO2010/006713), l-(3-chloropyridin-2- yl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-tetrazol-l- yl]methyl}-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502), l-(3-chloropyridin-2- yl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2- yl]methyl}-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502), N-[2-(tert- butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyano-6-methylphenyl] - 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-yl)-3 - { [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1H- tetrazol-l-yl]methyl}-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502), N-[2-(tert- butylcarbamoyl)-4-cyano-6-methylphenyl] - 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-yl)-3 - { [5 -(trifluoromethyl)-2H- tetrazol-2-yl]methyl}-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/069502), (1Ε)-Ν-[(6- chloropyridin-3 -yl)methyl] -N'-cyano-N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)ethanimidamide (known from WO2008/009360), N-[2-(5-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-l- (3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN102057925), methyl 2-[3,5- dibromo-2-( { [3 -bromo- 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-yl)- lH-pyrazol-5 -yljcarbonyl} amino)benzoyl] -2- ethyl-l-methylhydrazinecarboxylate (known from WO2011/049233), Heptafluthrin, Pyriminostrobin, Flufenoxystrobin, and 3-chloro-N2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-N1-[4-(l, 1, 1,2,3, 3,3- heptafluoropropan-2-yl)-2-methylphenyl]phthalamide (known from WO2012/034472).
[0072]
Examples for the microbials that may be used in the control process in mixed formulations or in tank mix.
The microbials according to the invention, in combination with good plant tolerance and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and being tolerated well by the environment, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs, for increasing harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, in particular insects, arachnids, helminths, nematodes and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector. They can be preferably employed as plant protection agents. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development. The abovementioned microbials include: Microbials from the domain Bacteria, microbials from the domain Fungi, insecticidal microbials from the domain Protozoa, insecticidal microbials from the domain Viruses, and microbials from the domain of entomopathogenic nematodes.
[0073]
Following groups of compounds are, for example, to be considered as safeners:
S I) compounds of the group of heterocyclic carboxylic acid derivatives:
S T) compounds of the type of dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3 -carboxylic acid (S T), preferably compounds such as l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5 -methyl -2 -pyrazoline-3 -carboxylic acid, ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-1) ("mefenpyr(-diethyl)"), and related compounds, as described in WO-A-91/07874;
S lb) derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid (S lb), preferably compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S I -2), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylpyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S 1-3), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(l, l-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S I -4) and related compounds, as described in EP-A-333 131 and EP-A-269 806;
S l°) derivatives of 1, 5 -diphenylpyrazole-3 -carboxylic acid (S l°), preferably compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3 -carboxylate (S l-5), methyl l-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S l-6) and related compounds, as described, for example, in EP-A-268554;
S ld) compounds of the type of triazolecarboxylic acids (S ld), preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole(-ethyl), i.e. ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-(lH)-l,2,4-triazole-3- carboxylate (S l-7), and related compounds, as described in EP-A-174 562 and EP-A-346 620;
S le) compounds of the type of 5-benzyl- or 5 -phenyl -2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylic acid or 5,5- diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylic acid (S le), preferably compounds such as ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-8) or ethyl 5 -phenyl -2-isoxazoline-3- carboxylate (S l-9) and related compounds, as described in WO-A-91/08202, or 5,5-diphenyl-2- isoxazolinecarboxylic acid (S 1-10) or ethyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylate (S l-11) ("isoxadifen-ethyl") or n-propyl 5,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazolinecarboxylate (S 1-12) or ethyl 5 -(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3 -carboxylate (S 1-13), as described in the patent application WO-A-95/07897.
S2) Compounds of the group of 8-quinolinoxy derivatives (S2): S2a) compounds of the type of 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid (S2a), preferably 1-methylhexyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (common name "cloquintocet-mexyl" (S2-1),
1,3-dimethyl-but-l-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-2),
4-allyloxybutyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-3), l-allyloxyprop-2-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-4), ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-5), methyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-6), allyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-7),
2-(2-propylideneiminoxy)- 1 -ethyl (5 -chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-8), 2-oxo-prop-l -yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-9) and related compounds, as described in EP-A-86 750, EP-A-94 349 and EP-A-191 736 or EP-A-0 492 366, and also (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)acetic acid (S2-10), its hydrates and salts, for example its lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, ammonium, quaternary ammonium, sulphonium or phosphonium salts, as described in WO-A-2002/34048;
S2b) compounds of the type of (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonic acid (S2b), preferably compounds such as diethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, diallyl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)malonate, methyl ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate and related compounds, as described in EP-A-0 582 198.
S3) Active compounds of the type of dichloroacetamides (S3) which are frequently used as pre-emergence safeners (soil-acting safeners), such as, for example,
"dichlormid" (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) (S3-1),
"R-29148" (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-2),
"R-28725" (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-3),
"benoxacor" (4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-l,4-benzoxazine) (S3-4), "PPG-1292" (N-allyl-N-[(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide) from PPG Industries (S3 5),
"DKA-24" (N-allyl-N-[(allylaminocarbonyl)methyl]dichloroacetamide) from Sagro-Chem (S3-6), "AD-67" or "MON 4660" (3-dichloroacetyl-l-oxa-3-aza-spiro[4,5]decane) from Nitrokemia or Monsanto (S3-7), "TI-35" (1-dichloroacetylazepane) from TRI-Chemical RT (S3-8) "diclonon" (dicyclonon) or "BAS 145138" or "LAB 145138" (S3-9) ((RS)-l-dichloroacetyl-3,3,8a-trimethylperhydropyrrolo[l,2-a]pyrimidin-6-one) from BASF, furilazole" or "MON 13900" ((RS)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furyl)-2,2-dimethyloxazolidine) (S3-10), and also its (R)-isomer (S3-1 1).
S4) Compounds of the class of acylsulphonamides (S4): S4a) N-acylsulphonamides of the formula (S4a) and salts thereof, as described in WO-A-97/45016
Figure imgf000048_0001
in which
RA 1 is (Ci-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, where the 2 last-mentioned radicals are substituted by vA substituents from the group consisting of halogen, (d-C4)-alkoxy, halo-(Ci-C6)-alkoxy and (Ci-C4)-alkylthio and, in the case of cyclic radicals, also (Ci-C4)-alkyl and (Ci-C4)-haloalkyl;
RA 2 is halogen, (Ci-C4)-alkyl, (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, CF3
mA is 1 or 2;
vD is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
S4b) compounds of the type of 4-(benzoylsulphamoyl)benzamides of the formula (S4b) and
Figure imgf000048_0002
in which
RB 1, RB 2 independently of one another are hydrogen, (d-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl,
(C3-C6)-alkenyl, (C3-C6)-alkynyl,
RB 3 is halogen, (Ci-C4)-alkyl, (Ci-C4)-haloalkyl or (Ci-C4)-alkoxy,
mB is 1 or 2;
for example those in which
RB 1 = cyclopropyl, RB 2 = hydrogen and (RB 3) = 2-OMe ("cyprosulfamide", S4-1),
RB 1 = cyclopropyl, RB 2 = hydrogen and (RB 3) = 5-Cl-2-OMe (S4-2),
RB 1 = ethyl, RB 2 = hydrogen and (RB 3) = 2-OMe (S4-3),
RB 1 = isopropyl, RB 2 = hydrogen and (RB 3) = 5-Cl-2-OMe (S4-4) and
RB 1 = isopropyl, RB 2 = hydrogen and (RB 3) = 2-OMe (S4-5); S4°) compounds of the class of benzoylsulphamoylphenylureas of the formula (S4°) as described in EP-A-365484,
Figure imgf000049_0001
in which
Rc1, c2 independently of one another are hydrogen, (d-C8)-alkyl, (C3-C8)-cycloalkyl,
(C3-C6)-alkenyl, (C3-C6)-alkynyl,
Rc3 is halogen, (d-C4)-alkyl, (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, CF3,
mc is 1 or 2;
for example
l-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulphamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea,
l-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulphamoyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethylurea,
l-[4-(N-4,5-dimethylbenzoylsulphamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea;
S4d) compounds of the type of N-phenylsulphonylterephthalamides of the formula (S4d) and salts thereof, which are known, for example, from CN 101838227,
Figure imgf000049_0002
in which
RD 4 is halogen, (Ci-C4)-alkyl, (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, CF3;
mD is 1 or 2;
RD 5 is hydrogen, (Ci-C6)-alkyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, (C2-C6)-alkenyl, (C2-C6)-alkynyl, (C5-C6)- cycloalkenyl.
S5) Active compounds from the class of hydroxyaromatics and aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (S5), for example ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxysalicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicyclic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4- dichlorocinnamic acid, as described in WO-A-2004/084631, WO-A-2005/015994, WO-A- 2005/016001.
56) Active compounds from the class of l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones (S6), for example 1 -methyl-3 -(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, 1 -methyl-3 -(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2- dihydroquinoxaline-2-thione, 1 -(2 -aminoethyl)-3 -(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one hydrochloride, 1 -(2-methylsulphonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)- 1 ,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, as described in WO-A-2005/112630.
57) Compounds from the class of diphenylmethoxyacetic acid derivatives (S7), for example methyl diphenylmethoxyacetate (CAS-Reg.Nr. 41858-19-9) (S7-1), ethyl diphenylmethoxyacetate, or diphenylmethoxyacetic acid, as described in WO-A-98/38856.
58) Compounds of the formula (S8), as described in WO-A-98/27049,
Figure imgf000050_0001
where the symbols and indices have the following meanings:
RD 1 is halogen, (d-C4)-alkyl, (d-C4)-haloalkyl, (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, (Ci-C4)-haloalkoxy,
RD 2 is hydrogen or (Ci-C4)-alkyl,
RD 3 is hydrogen, (Ci-C8)-alkyl, (C2-C4)-alkenyl, (C2-C4)-alkynyl or aryl, where each of the carbon-containing radicals mentioned above is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, preferably by up to three, identical or different radicals from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy; or salts thereof,
nD is an integer from 0 to 2.
S9) Active compounds from the class of 3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolones (S9), for example
l,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-l-ethyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone (CAS Reg. No.: 219479-18- 2), l,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-l-methyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone (CAS Reg. No.: 95855-00-8), as described in WO-A-1999/000020.
S 10) Compounds of the formula (S 10a) or (S 10b) as described in WO-A-2007/023719 and WO-A-2007/023764
Figure imgf000051_0001
(S10a) (S10b)
in which
RE1 is halogen, (d-C4)-alkyl, methoxy, nitro, cyano, CF3, OCF3
YE, Ze independently of one another are O or S,
nE is an integer from 0 to 4,
RE 2 is (Ci-Ci6)-alkyl, (C2-C6)-alkenyl, (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, aryl; benzyl, halobenzyl,
RE 3 is hydrogen or (Ci-C6)-alkyl.
S l l) Active compounds of the type of oxyimino compounds (S l l), which are known as seed dressings, such as, for example,
"oxabetrinil" ((Z)-l,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (S I 1-1), which is known as seed dressing safener for millet against metolachlor damage,
"fluxofenim" ( 1 -(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro- 1 -ethanone 0-( 1 ,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)oxime) (S I 1-2), which is known as seed dressing safener for millet against metolachlor damage, and
"cyometrinil" or "CGA-43089" ((Z)-cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (S I 1-3), which is known as seed dressing safener for millet against metolachlor damage.
S 12) Active compounds from the class of isothiochromanones (S 12), such as, for example, methyl [(3-oxo-lH-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate (CAS Reg. No. : 205121- 04-6) (S 12-1) and related compounds from WO-A-1998/13361.
S 13) One or more compounds from group (S 13):
"naphthalic anhydrid" (1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride) (S 13-1), which is known as seed dressing safener for corn against thiocarbamate herbicide damage,
"fenclorim" (4,6-dichloro-2-phenylpyrimidine) (S I 3 -2), which is known as safener for pretilachlor in sown rice,
"flurazole" (benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-l,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate) (S 13-3), which is known as seed dressing safener for millet against alachlor and metolachlor damage, "CL 304415" (CAS Reg. No.: 31541-57-8)
(4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-l-benzopyran-4-acetic acid) (S 13-4) from American Cyanamid, which is known as safener for corn against imidazolinone damage,
"MG 191" (CAS Reg. No.: 96420-72-3) (2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-l,3-dioxolane) (S 13-5) from Nitrokemia, which is known as safener for corn,
"MG 838" (CAS Reg. No.: 133993-74-5)
(2-propenyl l-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate) (S 13-6) from Nitrokemia,
"disulphoton" (0,0-diethyl S-2-ethylthioethyl phosphorodithioate) (S 13-7),
"dietholate" (Ο,Ο-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate) (S 13-8),
"mephenate" (4-chlorophenyl methylcarbamate) (S 13-9).
514) Active compounds which, besides a herbicidal effect against harmful plants, also have a safener effect on crop plants such as rice, such as, for example, "dimepiperate" or "MY 93" (S- 1 -methyl- 1-phenylethyl piperidine-l-carbothioate), which is known as safener for rice against molinate herbicide damage,
"daimuron" or "SK 23" (1-(1 -methyl- l-phenylethyl)-3-p-tolylurea), which is known as safener for rice against imazosulphuron herbicide damage,
"cumyluron" = "JC 940" (3 -(2-chlorophenylmethyl)-l-(l -methyl- l-phenylethyl)urea, see JP-A-60087254), which is known as safener for rice against some herbicide damage,
"methoxyphenone" or "NK 049" (3,3'-dimethyl-4-methoxybenzophenone), which is known as safener for rice against some herbicide damage,
"CSB" (l-bromo-4-(chloromethylsulphonyl)benzene) from Kumiai (CAS Reg. No. 54091-06-4), which is known as safener against some herbicide damage in rice.
515) Compounds of the formula (S 15) or its tautomers,
Figure imgf000052_0001
as described in WO-A-2008/131861 and WO-A-2008/131860,
in which
RH 1 is (Ci-C6)-haloalkyl, RH 2 is hydrogen or halogen,
RH 3, RH 4 independently of one another are hydrogen, (Ci-Ci6)-alkyl, (C2-Ci6)-alkenyl or
(C2-C16)-alkynyl,
where each of the 3 last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, (Ci-C4)- haloalkoxy, (Ci-C4)-alkylthio, (Ci-C4)-alkylamino, di-[(Ci-C4)-alkyl]-amino, [(Ci-C4)-alkoxy]- carbonyl, [(Ci-C4)-haloalkoxy]-carbonyl, unsubstituted or substituted (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl;
or (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, (C4-C6)-cycloalkenyl, (C3-C6)- cycloalkyl which is at one site of the ring condensed with a 4 to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic ring , or (C4-C6)- cycloalkenyl which is at one site of the ring condensed with a 4 to 6-membered saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic ring,
where each of the 4 last-mentioned radicals is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, cyano, (Ci-C4)-alkyl, (Ci-C4)-haloalkyl, (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, (Ci-C4)-haloalkoxy, (Ci-C4)-alkylthio, (Ci-C4)-alkylamino, di-(Ci-C4)-alkyl]- amino, [(Ci-C4)-alkoxy]-carbonyl, [(Ci-C4)-haloalkoxy]-carbonyl, unsubstituted or substituted (C3-C6)-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclyl; or
RH 3 is (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, (C2-C4)-alkenyloxy, (C2-C6)-alkynyloxy or (C2-C4)-haloalkoxy, and RH 4 is hydrogen or (Ci-C4)-alkyl, or
RH 3 and RH 4 together with the directly bound N-atom are a 4 to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, which can contain further hetero ring atoms besides the N-atom, preferably up to two further hetero ring atoms from the group consisting of N, O and S, and which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, (Ci-C4)- alkyl, (Ci-C4)-haloalkyl, (Ci-C4)-alkoxy, (Ci-C4)-haloalkoxy, and (Ci-C4)-alkylthio.
S 16) Active compounds which are primarily used as herbicides, but also have safener effect on crop plants, for example
(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D),
(4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid, (R,S)-2-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)propionic acid (mecoprop),
4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB),
(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)acetic acid (MCPA),
4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy)butyric acid, 4-(4-chlorophenoxy)butyric acid, 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), l-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoate (lactidichlor-ethyl).
[0074]
Preferred safeners are: cloquintocet-mexyl, cyprosulfamid, fenchlorazole-ethyl, isoxadifen-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, fenclorim, cumyluron, S4-1, and S4-5, particular preference is given to: cloquintocet-mexyl, cyprosulfamid, isoxadifen-ethyl, and mefenpyr-diethyl.
[0075]
Following is a non-exhaustive list of potential chemical reagents to be used by according to the invention.
Herbicides: e.g. triafamone, tefuryltrione, oxadiargyl, ethoxysulfuron, dymron
Insecticides: e.g. imidacloprid
Fungicides: e.g. isotianil
Fertilizers,e.g. ZnS04
Safeners: e.g. isoxadifen-ethyl
Molluscicides: e.g. niclosamide (Bayluscide®)
Biologicals: e.g. microbes or signaling molecules; including Bacillus subtilis (QST 713) (Serenade®), Bacillus pumilis (QST 2818) (Sonata®), Blend of three terpenes (Requiem®)
Phytotonic compounds
and combinations thereof
[0076]
In the liquid reagent of the present invention, a single compound (reagent) may be used as the agrochemical active ingredient, or a combination of a plurality of compounds may be used.
According to a preferred embodiment, the liquid reagent applied in the method according to the invention comprises a combination of at least two different compounds selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides, and fertilizers.
Preferably, the herbicides are selected from the group consisting of oxadiargyl, triafamone, tefuryltrione, fentrazamide, mefenacet, bensulfuron-methyl, and pretilachlor; the fungicide is isotianil; the insecticide is imidacloprid; the molluscicide is niclosamid; and the fertilizer is zinc. Preferred examples of such combinations of at least two different compounds are selected from the group consisting of oxadiargyl and triafamone; oxadiargyl and tefuryltrione; oxadiargyl and tefuryltrione and fentrazamide; triafamone and tefuryltrione; fentrazamide and tefuryltrione; triafamone and fentrazamide and tefuryltrione; mefenacet and bensulfuron-methyl; pretilachlor and bensulfuron-methyl; triafamone and mefenacet and bensulfuron-methyl; and triafamone and pretilachlor and bensulfuron-methyl. Further preferred are the ternary combinations triafamone, tefuryltrione, and oxadiargyl; and triafamone, oxadiargyl, and bensulfuron-methyl .
Further preferred examples of liquid reagents comprising a combination of at least two different compounds are selected from the group consisting of triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil; triafamone and tefuryltrione and imidacloprid; triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil and imidacloprid; triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil and niclosamid; triafamone and tefuryltrione isotianil and imidacloprid and niclosamid, and triafamone and tefuryltrione isotianil and imidacloprid and niclosamid and zinc.
Particularly preferred, the liquid reagent comprises a combination of at least two different herbicides selected from the group of binary combinations consisting of oxadiargyl and triafamone; and triafamone and tefuryltrione; and the group of ternary combinations consisting of triafamone, tefuryltrione, and oxadiargyl; and triafamone, oxadiargyl, and bensulfuron-methyl. Also particularly preferred, the liquid reagent comprises a combination of triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil. Also particularly preferred, the liquid reagent comprises a combination of triafamone, tefuryltrione, isotianil, imidacloprid, and niclosamid.
[0077]
In the method of the present invention, the liquid reagent may exist in a variety of formulations, and specific examples include liquid reagents (aqueous suspensions (wherein a flowable reagent, emulsion or water-dispersible powder is suspended in water) and aqueous solutions), AL reagents and microcapsulated reagents. These formulations may be prepared by known methods, for example by mixing the agrochemical active ingredient with a developer, namely a liquid diluent or carrier, and in some cases a surfactant, namely an emulsifier and/or a dispersant. In those cases where water is used as the developer, an organic solvent may be used as a co-solvent. In the present invention, from the viewpoint of workability, a flowable formulation is preferred. The flowable formulation is preferably an aqueous suspension composition which, in addition to the agrochemical active ingredient, includes water, a surfactant, a liquid diluent (organic solvent), and a polymer resin and particularly an acrylic resin (a (co)polymer resin containing an alkyl acrylate ester and/or alkyl methacrylate ester as a structural unit). If necessary, appropriate amounts of antifoaming agents, preservatives, thickeners, dispersants and antifreeze reagents and the like may also be added to the aqueous suspension composition. The amount of the agrochemical active ingredient within the flowable formulation is typically within a range from 1 to 50 parts by weight and preferably from 5 to 40 parts by weight. The amount of the surfactant is typically within a range from 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably from 0.1 to 5 parts by weight. Further, the amount of the diluent is typically within a range from 1 to 50 parts by weight, and preferably from 5 to 30 parts by weight. The amount of the acrylic resin is typically within a range from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, and preferably from 1 to 10 parts by weight. In terms of other added components such as antifoaming agents, preservatives and thickeners and the like, the total amount of these other added components is typically within a range from 0 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably from 0 to 5 parts by weight. The polymer resin within the aqueous suspension composition is preferably a granular polymer resin, and more preferably a finely ground polymer resin that has been subjected to a grinding treatment or the like.
[0078]
Examples of the diluent or carrier for the liquid reagent include aromatic hydrocarbons (such as xylene, toluene and alkylnaphthalene), chlorinated aromatic or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as chlorobenzenes, ethylene chlorides and methylene chloride), aliphatic hydrocarbons (such as cyclohexanes and paraffins (for example, mineral oil fractions)), alcohols (including C2 to CIO alcohols such as butanol, glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and ethers and esters thereof), ketones (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone), strongly polar solvents (such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide), and water.
[0079]
Examples of the surfactant include nonionic and anionic surfactants [such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid alcohol ethers (for example, alkyl-aryl polyglycol ethers, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and aryl sulfonates), and tristyrylphenol and ethoxylates thereof], and albumin hydrolysis products.
[0080]
The dispersant may include lignin sulfite liquor or methyl cellulose or the like.
[0081]
A binder may also be used in the formulation (powder, granules or emulsion), and examples of the binder include carboxymethyl cellulose, and natural and synthetic polymers (such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate). [0082]
A colorant may also be used, and examples of the colorant include inorganic pigments (such as iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian blue), organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal phthalocyanine dyes, and trace elements such as salts of metals such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
The liquid reagent used in the method and the rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device of the present invention can be prepared by diluting the above-mentioned flowable formulation, emulsion or water-dispersible powder with a diluent such as water until the required concentration is reached.
The amount of the chemical agent applied using the rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device of the present invention may be altered as appropriate, but is preferably within a range from 3 to 100 L/ha, and more preferably from 5 to 30 L/ha.
[0083]
An agrochemical formulation according to an embodiment of the present invention is able to achieve selective weed eradication effect for paddy field-rice field weeds. Examples of the rice field weeds that can be controlled include the weeds listed below.
[0084]
Dicotyledonous plants of the following genera: Polygonum, Rorippa, Rotala, Lindernia, Bidens, Dopatrium, Eclipta, Elatine, Gratiola, Lindernia, Ludwigia, Oenanthe, Ranunculus and Deinostema.
[0085]
Monocotyledonous plants of the following genera: Echinochloa, Panicum, Poa, Cyperus, Monochoria, Fimbristylis, Sagittaria, Eleocharis, Scirpus, Alisma, Aneilema, Blyxa, Eriocaulon, Potamogeton, Brachiaria, Leptochloa, Sphenoclea and Oryza.
[0086]
More specifically, the present invention can be used in relation to the following representative rice field weeds:
Dicotyledonous plants (Latin names) such as Marisilea quadrifloia, Fimbristylis miliacea, Sphenoclea zeylanica, Ammannia sp., Rotala indica Koehne, Lindernia procumbens Philcox, Lindernia dubia L. Penn., Lindernia dubia subsp. Dubia, Eclipta prostata, Linderia angustifolia, Ludwigia prostata Roxburgh, Polygonum sp., Sesbania Exaltata, Potamogeton distinctus A. Benn, Elatine triandra Schk, Oenanthe javanica, Aeschynomene indica, Bacopa rotundifolia, Bidens frondosa, Dopatrium junceum and Gratiola japonica.
Monocotyledonous plants (Latin names) such as Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing, Echinochloa colonum, E. crus-galli, Aneilema keisak, Paspalum distichum, Cyperus iria, C. rotundus, Eleocharis acicularis L., Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, Cyperus difformis L., Cyperus serotinus Rottboel, Scirpus mucronatus, S. planiculmis, Scirpus juncoides Roxb, Scirpus Wallichii Nees Scirpus Lineolatus, Scirpus etuberculatus,
Monochoria vaginalis Presl, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq, Alisma canaliculatum A. Br. et Bouche, Alisma plantago-aquatica var. Orientale Samuels, Sagittaria trifolia, Monochoria korsakowii, Leptochloa chinensis, Fimbristylis, Agrostis spec, and Heteranthera limosa (SW.) WILL.
[0087]
The agrochemical formulation of the present invention is not limited to use with the various weeds listed above, and may also be applied in a similar manner to other varieties of weeds.
[0088]
Although there are no restrictions in particular to the diseases intended by the method of the present invention, the liquid reagent can be used against, for example, Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes. In particular, diseases derived from plant pathogens such as bakanae disease (Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium moniliforme), rice blast, leaf blast, panicle blast and neck-rot {Pyriculaia oryzae, Pyricularia grisea), false smut {Ustilaginoidea virens), brown spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), bacterial seedling blight {Burkholderia plantarii), bacterial grain rot {Burkholderia glumae), bacterial palea browning {Erwinia herbicold), bacterial leaf blight (Pseudomonas oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae), bacterial brown stripe {Pseudomonas avenae, P. alboprecipitans), sheath blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris, Rizoctonia solani), necrosis mosaic {Rice necrosis mosaic virus), grassy stunt {Rice grassy stunt virus), waika {Rice tungro spherical virus), dwarf {Rice dwarf virus), ragged stunt {Rice ragged stunt virus), transitory yellow dwarf {Rice transitory yellowing virus), stripe {Rice stripe virus), black-streaked dwarf (Rice black streaked dwarf virus), yellow dwarf (Phytoplasma), seedling blight {Fusarium sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp., Mucor sp., Phoma sp., Pythium sp.), bacterial foot rot {Erwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae), stem rot {Magnaporthe salvinii), stem rot {Helminthosporium sigmoideum), brown leaf spot {Metasphaeria albescens), cercospora leaf spot {Sphaerulina oryzina), sheath blown rot {Pseudomonas fuscovaginae), false blast {Alternaria oryzae, Epicoccum nigrum, Cladosporium herbarum, Pseudocochiliobolus lunatus), brown sclerotium disease {Ceratobasidium setariae), black mold {Cladosporium herbarum), reddish-brown sheath rot {Helicoceras oryzae), glume blight (Phoma glumarum), sheath rot {sarocladium oryzae, Pyrenochaeta sp.), sheat net-blotch {Cylindrocladium scoparium), brown sheath blight {Thanatephorus cucumeris) and the like. In particular, diseases derived from filamentous fungi and/or microorganisms, for example, rice blast, brown spot and bacterial leaf blight can be effectively prevented.
[0089]
Although there are no restrictions in particular to the harmuful insects intended by the method of the present invention, the liquid reagent can be used against, for example, rice water weevil {Lissohoptrus oryzophilus), rice leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae), rice skipper {Parnara guttata), rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis), yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), pink borer (Sesamia inferens), green rice caterpillar (Naranga aenescens), rice leaffolder {Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatella), white-backed rice planthopper (Sogatella furcifera), brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), green rice leafhopper {Nephotettix cincticeps), rice stink bug (Lagynotomus elongatus), rice thrips (Stenchaetothrips biformis), apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), rice leafminer (Agromyza oryzae), rice leafminer {Hydrellia griseola), rice whorl maggot {Hydrellia sasakii), rice root maggot {Notiphila sekiyai), rice stem maggot {Chlorops oryzae), rice crane fly {Tipula aino), seed corn maggot {Delia platura), rice plant weevil {Echinocnemus squameus), rice rootworm {Donacia provosti), armyworm {Mythimna separata), rice false looper {Protodeltote distinguenda), Japanese rice leaf roller {Craphalocrocis exigua), oat bird-cherry aphid {Rhopalosiphum padi), rice root aphid {Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis), zig-zag rice leafhopper {Recilia dorsalis), Japanese black rice bug {Scotinophora lurida), rice stink bug {Cletus punctiger), rice bug {Leptocorisa chinensis), southern green stink bug {Nezara viridula), whitespotted spined bug {Eysarcoris aeneus), whitespotted bug {Eysarcoris ventralis), rice leaf bug {Trigonotylus caelestialium), rice stink bug {Stenodema sibiricum), sorghum plant bug {Stenotus rubrovittatus), northern rice katydid {Ruspolia jezoensis), rice grasshopper {Oxya yezoensis), lesser paddy grasshopper {Oxya japonica), rice root mealybug {Geococcus oryzae), mole cricket {Gryllotalpa orientalis), white- tip nematode {Aphelenchoides besseyi), upland rice cyst nematode {Heterodera elachista), rice root nematode {Hirschmanniella Oryzae), dark crayfish (Precambarus clarkii) and the like. In particular, rice thrips, white-backed rice planthopper and apple snail can be effectively prevented. EXAMPLES
[0090]
A rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device according to the present invention was mounted on a 6-row rice transplanter, and under the conditions listed below in Table 1, application tests were performed using the procedures described below. The types of effects achieved in the fields that had undergone the application tests were observed over the following days.
[Table 1]
Figure imgf000060_0001
[0091]
(Test 1)
72 grams per hectare of the single agent oxadiargyl was applied using the three procedures described below.
(A) Dripping into one of the five intra-row spaces When a 6-row rice transplanter is used to plant seedlings along 6 hillings, 5 intra-row spaces are formed. The liquid reagent was dripped into only the central intra-row space of these 5 intra-row spaces (1 intra-row space dripping or 1-Drip).
(B) Dripping into three of the five intra-row spaces
Of the 5 intra-row spaces, the liquid reagent was dripped into the central intra-row space, and the two outermost intra-row spaces, skipping over one intra-row space from the central intra- row space in each direction (so that dripping was performed into a total of 3 intra-row spaces) (3 intra-row space dripping or 3 -Drip).
(C) Dripping into all five intra-row spaces
The liquid reagent was dripped into all five of the intra-row spaces (5 intra-row space dripping or Full-Drip).
The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 2.
[Table 2]
Figure imgf000061_0001
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0092]
(Test 2) 36 grams per hectare of the single agent oxadiargyl was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 3.
[Table 3]
Figure imgf000062_0001
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0093]
(Test 3)
36 grams per hectare of oxadiargyl and 36 grams per hectare of triafamone were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 4.
[Table 4]
Oxadiargyl + triafamone
Amounts of active ingredients: 36+36 g/hectare
Weed name
1 intra-row space 3 intra-row space 5 intra-row space dripping dripping dripping
Echinocloa spp. +++ +++ +++
Leptochloa chinensis + ++ +++
Scirpus + ++ +++ Monochorea vaginalis Presl -
+ ++ +++
R
Rotala -R + ++ +++
Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi ++ +++ +++
Transplanted rice plant + ++ +++
Outstanding performance: +++, practically usable: ++, unusable: +
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0094]
(Test 4)
36 grams per hectare of oxadiargyl and 72 grams per hectare of teiuryltrione were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 5.
[Table 5]
Figure imgf000063_0001
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0095]
(Test 5) 36 grams per hectare of oxadiargyl, 72 grams per hectare of tefuryltrione and 100 grams/hectare of fentrazamide were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 6.
[Table 6]
Figure imgf000064_0001
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0096]
(Test 6)
36 grams per hectare of triafamone and 72 grams/hectare of tefuryltrione were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 7.
[Table 7]
Triafamone + tefuryltrione
Amounts of active ingredients: 36+72 g/hectare
Weed name
1 intra-row space 3 intra-row space 5 intra-row space dripping dripping dripping
Echinocloa spp. +++ +++ +++
Leptochloa chinensis + ++ +++ Scirpus ++ ++ +++
Monochorea vaginalis Presl -
++ ++ +++
R
Rotala -R + +++ +++
Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi ++ ++ +++
Transplanted rice plant + ++ +++
Outstanding performance: +++, practically usable: ++, unusable: +
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0097]
(Test 7)
150 grams per hectare of fentrazamide and 150 grams/hectare of tefuryltrione were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 8.
[Table 8]
Figure imgf000065_0001
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0098]
(Test 8) 36 grams per hectare of triafamone, 72 grams per hectare of fentrazamide and 72 grams/hectare of tefuryltrione were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 9.
[Table 9]
Figure imgf000066_0001
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0099]
(Test 9)
450 grams per hectare of mefenacet and 27 grams/hectare of bensulfuron-methyl were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 10.
[Table 10]
Mefenacet + bensulfuron-methyl
Amounts of active ingredients: 450+27 g/hectare
Weed name
1 intra-row space 3 intra-row space 5 intra-row space dripping dripping dripping
Echinocloa spp. + ++ +++
Leptochloa chinensis + ++ ++ Scirpus + + ++
Monochorea vaginalis Presl -
+ ++ +++
R
Rotala -R + ++ +++
Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi - + +
Transplanted rice plant ++ +++ +++
Outstanding performance: +++, practically usable: ++, unusable: +
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0100]
(Test 10)
450 grams per hectare of pretilachlor and 31.5 grams/hectare of bensulfuron-methyl were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 11.
[Table 11]
Figure imgf000067_0001
R: Sulfonylurearesistant weed
[0101]
(Test 11) 36 grams per hectare of triafamone, 450 grams per hectare of mefenacet and 27 grams/hectare of bensulfuron-methyl were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 12.
[Table 12]
Figure imgf000068_0001
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0102]
(Test 12)
36 grams per hectare of triafamone, 450 grams per hectare of pretilachlor and 31.5 grams/hectare of bensulfuron-methyl were mixed together, and the mixture was applied using the three procedures (A) to (C) described above. The results of observing the effects of the liquid reagent applications on the various types of weeds are shown below in Table 13.
[Table 13]
Triafamone + pretilachlor + bensulfuron-methyl
Amounts of active ingredients: 36+450+31.5 g/hectare
Weed name
1 intra-row space 3 intra-row space 5 intra-row space dripping dripping dripping
Echinocloa spp. +++ +++ +++
Leptochloa chinensis ++ +++ +++ Scirpus ++ +++ +++
Monochorea vaginalis Presl -
+++ +++ +++
R
Rotala -R +++ +++ +++
Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi ++ +++ +++
Transplanted rice plant + ++ +++
Outstanding performance: +++, practically usable: ++, unusable: +
R: Sulfonylurea resistant weed
[0103]
Based on the observation results in (test 1) to (test 12) described above, it is evident that although there is some variation depending on the liquid reagent applied, dripping of the liquid reagent into all 5 of the intra-row spaces was effective against all of the weeds observed.
[0104]
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that these are merely exemplary of the invention and are not to be considered as limiting. Additions, omissions, substitutions, and other modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the invention is in no way limited by the foregoing description, and is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
[0105]
A rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device according to the present invention was mounted on a 6-row rice transplanter, and under the conditions listed below in Table 14 and 15, application tests were performed using the procedures described below. The types of effects achieved in the fields that had undergone the applications tests were observed over the following days.
[Table 14]
Figure imgf000069_0001
Application Applied by the liquid reagent application device mounted on the rice transplanter (Dripping amount was 30 L / ha) First add related herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, molluscicide, microelement fertilizer into the device 30 L tank filled with 1/2 water, then fill the tank fully with water.
Leaching loss : About 1 cm / day through the testing periods
Water depth : About 3-5 cm after application
Weed infestation Paddy weeds moderately infested naturally in the tested paddy field, including ECHSS (Echinochloa spp.), LEFCH (Leptochloa chinesis), R-MOOVA (reisistant Monochoria vaginalis), R- AMMAU (resistant Ammannia auriculata WILLD., A. arenaria H. B. K.), ELOKU (Eleocharis kuroguwai OHWI, E. tuberosa)
Assessment (weeds) Visually assessed at 30 days after application (DAA) (= Rice transplanting) by weed coverage
and 0 - 100 % rating system vs untreated (UTD), 0% = no effect while 100% = fully controlled
Weed-control +++: 95-100%, ++: 90-94%, +: 60-89%, -: 0-59%
Insects Infestation Moderate infestation by thrips STENBI ( Stenchaetothrips biformis) and white back plant hopper NEPHCI (Nephotettix cincticeps) at 7- 12DAA and 18-30 DAA, respectively
Assessment (Insects) Thrips STENBI control % was assessed at 7 & lODAA, white back plant hopper NEPHCI control at 20 & 28 DAA by counting the insects on 0.1 sqm in 10-20 sites within each plot.
Insects -control +++: 90-100%, ++: 70-89%, +: 50-69%, -: 0-49%
Diseases Infestation The infection level of leaf blast PYRIOR (Pyricularia grisea) was increased gradually up to moderate level.
Assessment (diseases) Leaf blast control efficacy was evaluated by counting number of lesions / 50 plants on upper 4 leaves including flag leaf at 45 days after the transplanting.
Leaf blast PYRIOR- +++: 95-100%, ++: 90-94%, +: 50-89%, -: 0-49%
control
Crop growth vs UTD +++: > 30%, ++: 10-30%, +: 0-9%, -: < 0% in growth vs UTD
[Table 15]
Figure imgf000070_0001
Application Applied by the liquid reagent application device mounted on the rice transplanter (Dripping amount was 30 L / ha) First add related herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, molluscicide, microelement fertilizer into the device 30 L tank filled with 1/2 water, then fill the tank fully with water.
Leaching loss About 0.5-1 cm / day through the testing periods
Water depth About 3-5 cm after application
Weed infestation: Paddy weeds moderately infested naturally in the tested paddy field, including ECHSS (Echinochloa spp.), LEFCH (Leptochloa chinesis), R-MOOVA (reisistant Monochoria vaginalis), R-AMMAU (resistant Ammannia auriculata WILLD., A. arenaria H. B. K.)
Assessment (weeds) Visually assessed at 30 DAA (= Rice transplanting) by weed coverage and 0 - 100 % rating system vs UTD, 0% = no effect while 100% = fully controlled
Weed-control : +++: 95-100%, ++: 90-94%, +: 60-89%, -: 0-59%
Insects and Snail Moderate infestation by thrips STENBI ( Stenchaetothrips biformis), Infestation white back plant hopper NEPHCI (Nephotettix cincticeps), and golden apple snail POMACA (Pomacea canaliculata Spix) at 5-10DAA, 15-28 DAA, and 30-45 DAA, respectively
Assessment (Insects Thrips STENBI control % was assessed at 5 & 10DAA, white back and Snail) plant hopper NEPHCI control at 16 & 26DAA and golden apple snail
POMACA at 40DAA by counting the insects/snails on 0.1 sqm in 10- 20 sites within each plot.
Insect and Snail - +++: 90-100%, ++: 70-89%, +: 50-69%, -: 0-49%
control
Diseases Infestation The infection level of Leaf blast PYRIOR (Pyricularia grisea) increased gradually up to moderate level.
Assessment Leaf blast control was evaluated by counting number of lesions / 50 (diseases) plantsplants on upper 4 leaves including flag leaf at 45 days after the transplanting.
+++: 95-100%, ++: 90-94%, +: 50-89%, -: 0-49%
Leaf blast +++: 95-100%, ++: 90-94%, +: 50-89%, -: 0-49%
PYRIOR-control
Crop growth vs +++: > 30%, ++: 10-30%, +: 0-9%, -: < 0% in growth vs UTD
UTD
[0106]
Results of the Test 13 to 22 following prosedures described in Table 14 and 15 were listed in bellow. Test results noted in Table 17 to 26 are average value of results from both prosedures described in Table 14 and 15 excluding test results of ELOKU which was conducted by following the prosedure of only Table 14 and POMACA which was conducted by following the prosedure of only Table 15. 1-Drip, 3-Drip and Full-Drip have same definition of prosedure (A), (B) and (C) mentioned above.
[Table 16]
Abbreviation and terms used in Table 17 to 24 are explained in Table 16
Figure imgf000072_0001
[0107]
(Test 13)
A mixture of TRF&TEF was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 13 on the various targets are shown below in Table 17.
[Table 17]
TRF&TEF at 36 & 72
gai/ha
Target name 1-Drip 3-Drip Full-Drip
Weeds:
ECHSS +++ +++ +++
LEFCH + ++ +++
R-MOOVA ++ ++ +++
R-AMMAU + ++ +++
ELOKU ++ ++ +++
Diseases: PYRIOR - - -
Insects:
STENBI - - -
NEPHCI - - -
Snail:
POMACA - - -
Crop:
ORYSP + ++ +++
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[0108]
(Test 14)
1ST (isotianyl) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 14 on the various targets are shown below in Table 18.
[Table 18]
Figure imgf000073_0001
sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures [0109]
(Test 15)
IMD (imidacloprid) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 15 on the various targets are shown below in Table 19.
[Table 19]
Figure imgf000074_0001
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[0110]
(Test 16)
NCS (Niclosamide: bayluscide) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 16 on the various targets are shown below in Table 20. [Table 20]
Figure imgf000075_0001
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[01 1 1]
(Test 17)
A mixture of TRF&TEF+IST(isotianyl) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full- Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 17 on the varioustargets are shown below in Table 21.
[Table 21]
TRF&TEF + 1ST at
36&72 +300 gai/ha
Target name 1-Drip 3 -Drip Full-Drip
Weeds:
ECHSS +++ +++ +++
LEFCH + ++ +++ R-MOOVA ++ ++ +++
R-AMMAU + ++ +++
ELOKU ++ ++ +++
Diseases:
PYRIOR + + ++
Insects:
STENBI - - -
NEPHCI - - -
Snail:
POMACA - - -
Crop:
ORYSP + ++ +++
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[0112]
(Test 18)
A mixture of TRF&TEF+IMD (imidacloprid) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 18 on the various targets are shown below in Table 22.
[Table 22]
TRF&TEF + IMD at
36&72 + 300 gai/ha
Target name 1-Drip 3 -Drip Full-Drip
Weeds:
ECHSS +++ +++ +++
LEFCH + ++ +++
R-MOOVA ++ ++ +++
R-AMMAU + ++ +++
ELOKU ++ ++ +++
Diseases:
PYRIOR - - -
Insects:
STENBI - + ++
NEPHCI - + ++ Snail:
POMACA - - -
Crop:
ORYSP + ++ +++
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[01 13]
(Test 19)
A mixture of TRF&TEF+IST (isotianyl) + IMD (imidacloprid) was applied in the manner of 1- Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 19 on the various targets are shown below in Table 23.
[Table 23]
Figure imgf000077_0001
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[01 14]
(Test 20) A mixture of TRF&TEF+IST (isotianyl) + NCS (Niclosamide: bayluscide) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 20 on the various targets are shown below in Table 24.
[Table 24]
Figure imgf000078_0001
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[0115]
(Test 21)
A mixture of TRF&TEF+IST (isotianyl) +IMD (imidacloprid)+
NCS (Niclosamide: bayluscide) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 2 Ion the various targets are shown below in Table 25. [Table 25]
Figure imgf000079_0001
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[0116]
(Test 22)
A mixture of TRF&TEF+IST (isotianyl) +IMD (imidacloprid)+
NCS (Niclosamide: bayluscide) was applied in the manner of 1-Drip, 3 -Drip or Full-Drip application. The results of observing the effects of the Test 22 on the various targets are shown below in Table 26.
[Table 26]
TRF&TEF +IST +IMD +NCS +Zn at 36&72 +300 +300 +315 +230 gai/ha
Target name 1-Drip 3 -Drip Full-Drip
Weeds:
ECHSS +++ +++ +++
LEFCH + ++ +++ R-MOOVA ++ ++ +++
R-AMMAU + ++ +++
ELOKU ++ ++ +++
Diseases:
PYRIOR + + ++
Insects:
STENBI - + ++
NEPHCI - + ++
Snail:
POMACA ++ ++ +++
Crop:
ORYSP ++ +++ +++
R = sulfonylurea resistant; & = Ready mixtures; + = Tank-mixtures
[0117]
The test of the uniform dripping of the liquid reagent by the mechanism illustrated in Fig 5.
Conditions: Dripping amount of the liquid reagent consisting of water and detergent from each nozzle (total numbers of the nozzles is five in this case) was metered by using the liquid reagent application device mounted on the rice transplanter. One trial consisted of 40 signals from the application operation control device generated automatically coresponding to the application rate of 15 L / ha. The dripping amout of the liquid reagent from each nozzle and the average of them, total dripping amount, Error and RSD (defintions of Error and RSD are mentioned below) was listed in the each lines of the table 27. One set of trials consisted of 3 trials and the average of each data of trials as one set were listed in the bottom line of the table 27.
[Table 27]
Dripping amount from each nozzles (mL) Average
of
Total
Dripping
dripping Error RSD
Trial number amount
amount
No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 from each (% ) (%)
(mL)
nozzles
(mL)
lst-trial (Signal
40-times) 15.5 14 13 15 16 73.5 14.7 8.8 8.2
2nd-trial
(Signal 40- times) 15.5 14 14 15 16.5 75 15.0 10.0 7.1 3rd-trial
(Signal 40- times) 15 14 14.5 14.5 15.5 73.5 14.7 5.4 3.9
Average of one
set (total of 3
trials) 15.3 14.0 13.8 14.8 16.0 74.0 14.8 8.1 6.4
Error= (Maximam dripping amount - Average dripping amount) / Average dripping amount x
100
RSD: Relative Standard Deviation (= Standard Deviation / Average χ 100)
[01 18]
9 sets of trials (meaning 27 trials in total) were repliated in the same manner. The average error of dripping amount of each nozzles in each sets ("Dripping" in the table 28), the average error of RSD for each nozzles in each sets ("RSD" in the table 28) and the average error of total dripping amount of each trials in each sets ("Total amount" in the table 28) were listed in the line 1 to 9 and the average of them was listed in the bottom line.
[Table 28]
Figure imgf000081_0001
[01 19]
Test result listed in Table 27 and 28 reveal that the rice trasplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device according to hte invention can apply the reagent uniformlly and the dripping erro is 10 % or less. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0120]
The present invention relates to a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, which can be mounted on a rice transplanter, and applies a liquid reagent in synchronization with the rice planting action of the rice transplanter. The present invention provides labor-saving for pest control operations, and enables the application of agrochemicals onto medium scale fields and large scale fields.

Claims

A device for distributing and discharging a liquid regent comprising: a tank that stores the liquid reagent;
a pump that draws the liquid reagent from the tank;
a pipeline connected to the pump to carry the liquied reagent drawn by the pump;
a distribution unit connected to the pipeline to distribute and discharge the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline;
and a mechanism that receives the liquid reagent carried by the pipeline and captures air contained in the received liquid reagent.
The device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism comprises an additional pipeline connected between the distribution unit and the tank to receive the liquid reagent provided to the distribution unit and carry the received liquid reagent to the tank.
The device according to claim 2, wherein the distribution unit includes:
a hollow member extending substantially in a horizontal direction; and
two or more pipelines connected to the hollow member and extending downwardly, the two or more pipelines discharging the liquid reagent carried by the hollow member, each of the two or more pipelines being positioned at a distance from its adjacent pipeline, wherein the additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to the hollow member of the distribution unit.
The device according to claim 3, wherein the additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to both ends of the hollow member.
5. The device according to claim 4, wherein the additional pipeline of the mechanism is connected to a top surface of the hollow member.
The device according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism comprises a chamber extending substantially in a vertical direction and incorporated into the pipeline,
wherein the pipeline includes:
a first pipeline that carries the liquid reagent drawn by the pump, one end of the first pipeline being connected to the pump, an opposite end of the first pipeline being connected to the chamber; and
a second pipeline that carries the liquid reagent stored by the chamber, one end of the second pipeline being connected to the chamber, an opposite end of the second pipeline being connected to the distribution unit,
wherein the opposite end of the first pipeline is positioned at higher than the one end of the second pipeline.
The device according to claim 6, further comprising an exhaust pipe connected to the chamber at a higher position than the opposite end of the first pipeline to carry air out of the chamber.
The device according to claim 6, further comprising a drainage pipe connected to the chamber at a lower position than the one end of the second pipeline to discharge the liquid reagent out of the chamber.
The device according to claim 6, wherein the distribution unit includes:
a hollow member extending substantially in a horizontal direction; and
two or more pipelines communicating with the hollow member and extending downwardly, the two or more pipelines discharging the liquid reagent carried by the hollow member, each of the two or more pipelines being positioned at a distance from its adjacent pipeline,
wherein the opposite end of the second pipeline is connected to the hollow member.
The device according to claim 3 or 9, wherein each pipeline of the two or more pipelines includes a valve that applies resistance to the liquied reagent passing through the pipeline.
11. A rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device comprising the device according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the distribution unit of the device discharges the liquied reagent in synchronization with a rice planting operation of said rice transplanter.
12. A valve comprising:
a first valve member configured to have a tube-shape and having a top surface at one end and an opening at an opposite end, the top surface including a slot; and
a case receiving the first valve member and having an inlet facing the opening of the valve member and an outlet facing the top surface of the first valve member.
13. The valve according to claim 12, further comprising a second valve member configured to have a tube-shape and having a top surface at one end and an opening at an opposite end, the top surface including a slot, the second valve member being engaged with the first valve member in the case,
wherein the top surface of the second valve member is positioned at a distance from the top surface of the first valve member.
14. The valve according to claim 13, wherein each of the first and second valve members includes:
a first hollow member with the top surface having a first internal diameter and a first outer diameter greater than the first internal diameter; and
a second hollow member connected to the first hollow member, the second hollow member having a second internal diameter greater than both of the first internal and outer diameters and having a second outer diameter greater than the first outer diameter, wherein the first and second valve members are configured to be engaged with one another so that the first hollow member of the second valve member is received and supported in the second hollow member of the first valve member.
15. The valve according to claim 14, wherein each of the first and second valve members further includes a third hollow member connected to the second hollow member, the third hollow member having a third internal diameter greater than both of the second internal and outer diameters and having a second outer diameter greater than the first outer diameter,
wherein the first and second valve members are configured to be engaged with one another so that the second hollow member of the second valve member is received and supported in the third hollow member of the first valve member.
16. A method of applying a liquid reagent to control pests, fungi, and /or weeds during rice planting using the liquid reagent application device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or a rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device according to claim 11, the method comprising: applying the liquid reagent through the distribution unit and into one or more spaces between a plurality of hillings in which seedlings are planted.
17. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 16, wherein the liquid reagent is applied into at least half of the spaces between the plurality of hillings.
18. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 17, wherein the liquid reagent is applied into all of the spaces between the plurality of hillings.
19. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to any of claims 16 to 18, wherein the water solubility of the liquid reagent is lower than 100 mg/L.
20. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the liquid reagent comprises at least one substance selected from herbicides, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, microbials, molluscicides, fertilizers, safners and phytotonic compounds, and combinations thereof.
21. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to any of claims 16 to 20, wherein the liquid reagent comprises at least one substance selected from the group consisting of herbicides.
22. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 21, wherein the herbicide is a herbicide for use in rice fields.
23. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to any of claims 16 to 22, wherein the liquid reagent comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of pyrimisulfan, tefuryltrione, ketospiradox, mesotrione, benzobicyclon, sulcotrione, tembotrione bromobutide, triafamone, propyrisulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron, imazosulfuron, penoxsulam, pyraclonil, pentoxazone, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, butachlor, pretilachlor, fentrazamide, mefenacet, oxaziclomefone, ipfencarbazone and fenoxasulfone.
24. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to any of claims 16 to 23, wherein the liquid reagent comprises a combination of at least two different compounds selected from the group consisting of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides, and fertilizers.
25. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 24, wherein the herbicides are selected from the group consisting of oxadiargyl, triafamone, tefuryltrione, fentrazamide, mefenacet, bensulfuron-methyl, and pretilachlor; the fungicide is isotianil; the insecticide is imidacloprid; the molluscicide is niclosamid; and the fertilizer is zinc.
26. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 24, wherein the liquid reagent comprises a combination of at least two different herbicides selected from the group of binary combinations consisting of oxadiargyl and triafamone; and triafamone and tefuryltrione; and the group of ternary combinations consisting of triafamone, tefuryltrione, and oxadiargyl; and triafamone, oxadiargyl, and bensulfuron-methyl.
27. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 24, wherein the liquid reagent comprises a combination of triafamone and tefuryltrione and isotianil.
28. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 24, wherein the liquid reagent comprises a combination of triafamone, tefuryltrione, isotianil, imidacloprid, and niclosamid.
29. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to any one of claims 16 to 28, wherein growth of a rice plant is increased by more than 10 % compared to an untreated rice plant.
30. The method of applying a liquid reagent according to claim 29, wherein growth of a rice plant is increased by more than 30 % compared to an untreated rice plant.
PCT/CN2013/071638 2012-03-12 2013-02-18 Rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, and method of applying liquid reagent during rice planting using same WO2013135126A1 (en)

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JP2014561270A JP6509563B2 (en) 2012-03-12 2013-02-18 Apparatus for dispensing and discharging a liquid agent
TW102108572A TWI610615B (en) 2012-03-12 2013-03-12 Rice transplanter-mounted liquid reagent application device, and method of applying liquid reagent during rice planting using same
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JP6694454B2 (en) 2020-05-13
CN104363748A (en) 2015-02-18
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KR20140136981A (en) 2014-12-01
CN104363748B (en) 2018-05-01
WO2013135126A8 (en) 2013-11-14
PH12014502025A1 (en) 2014-11-24
TW201400002A (en) 2014-01-01
JP2018102301A (en) 2018-07-05

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