WO2013134973A1 - 一种化油器节气门开度控制系统和方法 - Google Patents

一种化油器节气门开度控制系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013134973A1
WO2013134973A1 PCT/CN2012/073357 CN2012073357W WO2013134973A1 WO 2013134973 A1 WO2013134973 A1 WO 2013134973A1 CN 2012073357 W CN2012073357 W CN 2012073357W WO 2013134973 A1 WO2013134973 A1 WO 2013134973A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carburetor
stepping motor
throttle
control system
linear hall
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/073357
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶青
李晓峰
王超
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南京金城机械有限公司
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Application filed by 南京金城机械有限公司 filed Critical 南京金城机械有限公司
Publication of WO2013134973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013134973A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M9/00Carburettors having air or fuel-air mixture passage throttling valves other than of butterfly type; Carburettors having fuel-air mixing chambers of variable shape or position
    • F02M9/02Carburettors having air or fuel-air mixture passage throttling valves other than of butterfly type; Carburettors having fuel-air mixing chambers of variable shape or position having throttling valves, e.g. of piston shape, slidably arranged transversely to the passage
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D11/00Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
    • F02D11/06Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
    • F02D11/10Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
    • F02D11/105Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the function converting demand to actuation, e.g. a map indicating relations between an accelerator pedal position and throttle valve opening or target engine torque
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D11/00Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated
    • F02D11/06Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance
    • F02D11/10Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type
    • F02D2011/101Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the means for actuating the throttles
    • F02D2011/104Arrangements for, or adaptations to, non-automatic engine control initiation means, e.g. operator initiated characterised by non-mechanical control linkages, e.g. fluid control linkages or by control linkages with power drive or assistance of the electric type characterised by the means for actuating the throttles using electric step motors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D29/00Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
    • F02D29/06Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of machinery and automation, and more particularly to a throttle opening control system and method for a general purpose and small gasoline engine carburetor.
  • the control of the throttle valve is realized by adding a sensor and a controller to the throttle valve, which is called an electronic throttle valve.
  • the current control of the throttle valve is relatively simple, and it is impossible to accurately control the throttle opening according to the operating condition of the engine.
  • a carburetor throttle opening control system of the present invention includes a carburetor body, a stepping motor, a transmission mechanism connected to the stepping motor and controlling the throttle opening degree, an ECU control device, a linear Hall adjusting device, and a load sensor for collecting load changes; the linear Hall adjusting device and the load sensor are communicatively coupled to the ECU control device.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a rocker arm and a drawbar, and the rocker arm is connected to a stepping motor, the one end of the pull rod is mounted on the rocker arm, and the other end is connected with a vacuum film type carburetor
  • the main damper is connected.
  • the two ends of the tie rod are provided with joint bearings, which are respectively connected to the rocker arm and the damper through the ball stud.
  • the rocker arm is provided with a plurality of positioning holes for adjusting the position of the pull rod, so as to conveniently adjust the position of the ball stud on the positioning hole.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a motor turntable and a pull wire, and the motor turntable is connected to the stepping motor, and one end of the pull wire is fixed on the motor turntable, and the other end is connected with the plunger type carburetor
  • the needle valve is connected.
  • the motor turntable drives the cable to adjust the needle valve.
  • the adaptability of the plunger spring on one side of the plunger is improved, and the elasticity of the plunger spring is relatively reduced.
  • the linear Hall adjustment device of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a linear Hall adjustment handle, a linear Hall adjustment pedal.
  • the ECU control device of the present invention refers to an engine electronic control device, also referred to as an engine controller, which mainly performs closed-loop control of the fuel and ignition system in the engine, thereby improving fuel economy and reducing gas pollution generated by the engine.
  • the present invention achieves a precise opening of the throttle controllable type by performing corresponding improvements on the ECU control device.
  • the ECU control system includes: a storage unit for storing a stepping motor rotation angle in an optimal idle state, and a control unit for controlling the rotation of the stepping motor after signal processing.
  • the present invention reduces the frictional resistance of the system on the components, and ensures the accuracy of the system through linear control in the control, specifically, a set of linear Huo output by the linear Hall adjusting device.
  • the voltage is achieved.
  • the control system of the present invention is further provided with a throttle initial position adjusting device communicably connected with the ECU control device.
  • the throttle initial position adjusting device is provided with two adjustment buttons, and the control unit of the ECU control device controls the stepping motor to rotate in the positive or negative direction to adjust the opening degree of the throttle valve.
  • the method for controlling the throttle opening of the control system of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the ECU control device processes the collected linear Hall voltage and load signal and pre-stores it in the storage unit
  • the control unit adjusts the opening degree of the throttle valve by the stepping motor to maintain the corresponding relationship between the linear Hall voltage and the load signal in the step (2).
  • the load sensor of the present invention includes a current sensor and/or a voltage sensor.
  • the load includes a battery pack and a power device for use in the vehicle equipment.
  • the load further includes a generator connected to the engine shaft. Since the working state of the generator cannot be measured under normal conditions, the synchronous control with the engine is realized by measuring the current and voltage of the generator corresponding to the input linear Hall voltage.
  • the present invention realizes an optimized configuration of the engine by setting a throttle initial position, and the method for adjusting the initial position of the throttle as described in the step (1) is:
  • the ECU controls the engine output power Description
  • the collection uses an interconnected "watchdog" timer.
  • the ECU control device is provided with a timer TO and a timer T1
  • a timer TO is used to monitor the timer T1
  • a timer T1 is used to monitor the main program
  • the main program monitors the timer ⁇ .
  • This ring structure can accurately monitor the engine. Instant status, protection from random interference.
  • the ECU control device of the present invention is provided with an ISP (In-System Programmable) interface for burning system software into the single-chip microcomputer of the control device without disassembling the entire device.
  • ISP In-System Programmable
  • the ECU control device uses the interconnected output of the engine output power. "Watchdog" timer, if the MCU/CPU does not access the watchdog as required within the specified time, the MCU/CPU is considered to be in an abnormal state, and the watchdog will force the MCU/CPU to reset, causing the system to restart from the beginning. Regularly execute the user program.
  • the ECU control device is further provided with a digital filtering system and a RAM data protection anti-interference system.
  • the present invention adopts a linear Hall adjusting device combined with a stepping motor and a transmission mechanism to realize automatic control of throttle opening of different types of carburetor, and increases control precision of the system through setting of multiple hardware and software.
  • the engine is optimally idling, and the engine and load are effectively controlled by correlating the linear Hall voltage with the load signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a throttle opening degree control system of a vacuum film type carburetor according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a throttle type opening control system of a plunger type carburetor according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a block diagram showing the structure of the control system of the present invention based on the ECU control device;
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the structure of the ECU control device of the present invention, and the signal processing of the ECU control device;
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of the method for controlling the throttle opening of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a flow chart showing the system initialization of S100 of Fig. 6.
  • the carburetor in this example is a vacuum film type carburetor, generally used in small and medium-sized engines, including a carburetor body 1, and a main chamber of a vacuum film type carburetor is installed through The main damper 14 of the throttle shaft 13 controls the amount of air entering.
  • a motor base 15 is mounted on the carburetor body 1, and a 12V DC stepping motor 2 is mounted on the motor base 15.
  • the output shaft of the stepping motor 2 is provided with a rocker arm 7, and the rocker arm 7 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes. 10.
  • the rocker arm 7 is connected to the main damper of the throttle valve through the tie rod 8, and the two ends of the pull rod 8 are provided with joint bearings, which are respectively fixed to the positioning hole 10 of the rocker arm 7 and the main damper 14 by two ball studs 9.
  • the rod 8 acts on the main damper 14 of the carburetor such that the main damper 14 is rotated by a certain angle according to the throttle shaft 13.
  • the carburetor in this example is a plunger type carburetor, also used for small and medium-sized engines, including a carburetor body 1, and a plunger type carburetor is controlled by a plunger 16 to drive the needle valve 17
  • the air is mixed in, and the plunger 16 is provided with a return spring 18.
  • the present invention replaces the original manual cable by using the motor 2, and the motor shaft 2 is mounted on the output shaft of the motor 2, and the rotation of the motor disk 11 controls the opening and closing of the needle valve 17 through the wire 12.
  • the return spring 18 has been redesigned to have a lower elasticity than the original manual cable.
  • the carburetor throttle opening control system of the present invention includes a carburetor (throttle) 1, a transmission mechanism 3, a stepping motor 2, an ECU control device 4, a rotational speed sensor 19, and a linear Hall adjusting device. 5.
  • a carburetor (throttle) 1 a transmission mechanism 3
  • a stepping motor 2 a transmission mechanism 3
  • an ECU control device 4 a rotational speed sensor 19
  • a linear Hall adjusting device a linear Hall adjusting device. 5.
  • the motor 2 is controlled by the transmission mechanism to control the opening of the carburetor throttle.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a rocker arm and a pull rod.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a motor turntable and a pull wire.
  • the ECU control device 4 is communicably connected to the rotational speed sensor 19, the linear Hall adjusting device 5, the load sensor 6, the throttle initial position adjusting device 20, and the stepping motor 2, respectively.
  • the rotational speed sensor 19 includes a sensor mounted on an engine shaft or a crankshaft, or an ignition pulse sensor, and the rotational speed sensor 19 transmits a rotational speed signal S1 to the ECU control device 4.
  • the linear Hall adjusting device 5 includes a linear Hall adjusting handle or a linear Hall adjusting pedal, and by rotating the linear Hall adjusting device 5, a set of linear Hall voltage S2 can be outputted to the ECU control device 4.
  • the load includes a battery or a generator coupled to the engine, and the load transmits a load signal S3 to the ECU control device 4.
  • the load transmits the current operating voltage and/or output current to the ECU control device 4; for the generator as a load, the load transmits the current voltage and/or current to the ECU control via the load sensor 6 In device 4.
  • the throttle initial position adjusting device 20 is provided with two buttons which, when pressed, can transmit a signal S4 which is forward or reversed at a certain step angle to the ECU control device 4.
  • the ECU control device 4 of the present invention includes a storage unit 41 for storing the rotation angle of the stepping motor 2 in an optimum idle state, and a control unit 42 for controlling the rotation of the stepping motor 2 after signal processing.
  • the speed signal S1, the linear Hall voltage signal S2, and the load signal S3 are processed by the control unit 42 to be stored in the storage unit 41 as pre-stored operating state data S'.
  • the control unit 42 continuously collects the speed signal S1, the linear Hall voltage signal S2 and the load signal S3, and compares it with the pre-stored working state data S', and sends the corner signal S5 to the current engine 2 to the current engine.
  • the working state is adjusted, and the current working state data is consistent with the pre-stored working state data S'.
  • the control unit 42 when the system is initially operated, by adjusting the throttle initial position adjusting device 20, the control unit 42 sends a stepping angle signal S6 to the stepping motor, and the stepping motor 2 rotates in the forward or reverse direction.
  • the opening degree of the throttle valve 1 is controlled to adjust the operating state of the engine.
  • the stepping angle signal S6 of the stepping motor 2 is stored in the storage unit 41 at this time.
  • the control unit 42 calls the pre-stored corner of the storage unit 41 to send the swaying angle signal S6 to the squeezing motor 2, which makes the system easier to drive and more effective.
  • the method for controlling the throttle opening of the present invention includes the following steps: S100: automatically adjusting the initial position of the throttle when the system is initially operated;
  • S200 The ECU control device processes the collected linear Hall voltage and the load signal and pre-stores it in the storage unit;
  • S300 The control unit adjusts the opening degree of the throttle valve by the stepping motor to make the linear Hall voltage and the load The signal maintains the correspondence in step (2).
  • the optimal configuration of the engine is realized by setting the initial position of the throttle valve.
  • the method for adjusting the initial position of the throttle valve by S100 is specifically as follows:
  • the ECU control device uses an interconnected "watchdog" timer for the collection of engine output power. Specifically, the ECU control device is provided with a timer TO and a timer T1, a timer TO is used to monitor the timer T1, a timer T1 is used to monitor the main program, and the main program monitors the timer ⁇ .
  • This ring structure can accurately monitor the engine. Instant status, protection from random interference.
  • the ECU control device of the present invention is provided with an ISP (In-System Programmable) interface for burning system software into the single-chip microcomputer of the control device without disassembling the entire device.
  • ISP In-System Programmable
  • the ECU control device uses the interconnected output of the engine output power. "Watchdog" timer, if the MCU/CPU does not access the watchdog as required within the specified time, the MCU/CPU is considered to be in an abnormal state, and the watchdog will force the MCU/CPU to reset, causing the system to restart from the beginning. Regularly execute the user program.
  • the ECU control device is further provided with a digital filtering system and a RAM data protection anti-interference system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

一种化油器节气门开度控制系统,包括化油器本体(1)、步进电机(2)、与步进电机(2)相连并控制节气门开度的传动机构(3)、ECU控制装置(4)、线性霍尔调节装置(5)以及用于采集负载变化的负载传感器(6)。线性霍尔调节装置(5)和负载传感器(6)与ECU控制装置(4)通信连接。还公开了一种化油器节气门开度控制方法。该系统和方法采用线性霍尔调节装置结合步进电机和传动机构实现对不同类型化油器节气门开度的自动控制;通过多处软硬件的设置增加了系统的控制精度,使发动机达到最佳怠速状态;通过将线性霍尔电压与负载信号形成对应关系,实现对发动机和负载的有效控制。

Description

说 明 书
一种化油器节气门开度控制系统和方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及机械及自动化领域, 具体地说涉及通用型及小型汽油发动机化油器的节气 门开度控制系统和方法。
背景技术
[0002] 传统的通用型或小型汽油发动机, 一般都是通过钢丝油门线控制转速和输出功率大 小, 而油门线的运动, 则由油门把手控制; 所以加大油门的动作, 实际上就是通过拧动油门 把手来改变化油器节气门 (柱塞) 位置实现的。 通过油门线改变柱塞与主油针的高度, 可以 同步控制可燃混合气的流量与浓度, 从而控制发动机输出的力矩与转速。 手动拉线来控制发 动机油门大小, 这种方法简单实用。 但当发动机带载的对象发生变化后, 比如当其带动发电 机工作时, 因无法测定发电机的状态, 就无法完成特定的要求。
[0003] 为了实现对节气门开度的自动控制, 现有技术中通过对节气门增加传感器和控制器, 实现对节气门的控制, 被称为电子节气门。 但目前对节气门的控制比较单一, 无法根据发动 机的运行状况实现对节气门开度的精确控制。
发明内容
[0004] 发明目的: 本发明的目的是提供一种可根据发动机的运行状况实现对节气门开度进行 精确、 有效控制的化油器节气门开度控制系统; 本发明的另一个目的是提供该系统中对节气 门开度的控制方法。
[0005] 技术方案: 本发明的一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 包括化油器本体、 步进电机、 与步进电机相连并控制节气门开度的传动机构、 ECU控制装置、 线性霍尔调节装置、 以及用 于采集负载变化的负载传感器;所述线性霍尔调节装置和负载传感器与 ECU控制装置通信连 接。
[0006] 对于真空薄膜式化油器, 所述传动机构包括摇臂、 拉杆, 所述摇臂与步进电机相连, 所述拉杆一端安装在摇臂上, 另一端与真空薄膜式化油器的主风门相连。为了减少系统摩擦, 防止因摩擦引起的精度降低, 所述拉杆两端设有关节轴承, 所述关节轴承通过球头销分别与 摇臂和风门连接。 作为本发明的进一步优化, 所述摇臂上设有若干用于调节拉杆位置的定位 孔, 方便调节球头销在定位孔上的位置。
[0007] 对于柱塞式化油器, 所述传动机构包括电机转盘和拉线, 所述电机转盘与步进电机相 连, 所述拉线一端固定在电机转盘上, 另一端与柱塞式化油器的针阀相连。 当步进电机转动 时, 电机转盘带动拉线可实现对针阀的调节。 由于采用步进电机控制取代人工手拉拉线, 发 说 明 书
明对位于柱塞一侧的柱塞弹簧进行了适应性改进, 相对减小了柱塞弹簧的弹性。
[0008] 本发明所述的线性霍尔调节装置包括但不限于线性霍尔调节手柄、 线性霍尔调节脚 踏。
[0009] 本发明所述的 ECU控制装置指发动机电子控制装置, 也称发动机控制器, 主要是对 发动机中的燃油和点火系统进行闭环控制, 从而提高燃油经济性并减少发动机产生的气体污 染。 本发明通过在 ECU控制装置上进行相应改进, 实现对节气门可控式的精确开度。
[0010] 所述 ECU控制系统包括: 用于保存最佳怠速状态下步进电机转角的存储单元, 和用 于信号处理后控制步进电机转动的控制单元。
[0011] 为了增加系统控制的精度, 本发明在零部件上减少系统的摩擦阻力, 在控制上通过线 性控制保证系统的精度, 具体的说, 是采用线性霍尔调节装置输出的一组线性霍尔电压实现 的。
[0012] 为了提高系统的发动成功率, 实现对发动机及负载进行有效的控制, 本发明所述的控 制系统还设有节气门初始位置调节装置, 与 ECU控制装置通信连接。具体地说, 所述节气门 初始位置调节装置设有两个调节按钮,通过 ECU控制装置的控制单元,控制步进电机向正方 向或反方向转动, 调节节气门的开度大小。
[0013] 对于本发明所述控制系统控制节气门开度的方法, 包括如下步骤:
( 1 ) 系统初次运行时自动调整节气门的初始位置;
(2) ECU控制装置将采集到的线性霍尔电压和负载信号处理后, 预存入存储单元中;
(3 )控制单元通过步进电机调节节气门的开度大小,使所述线性霍尔电压与负载信号保持步 骤 (2) 中的对应关系。
[0014] 本发明所述的负载传感器包括电流传感器和 /或电压传感器。
[0015] 所述的负载包括蓄电池组及用于整车设备上的用电装置, 在本发明中, 所述负载还包 括与发动机轴相连的发电机。 由于发电机的工作状态正常情况下无法测定, 因此通过测定发 电机的电流和电压与输入的线性霍尔电压相对应, 实现与发动机的同步控制。
[0016] 为了使发动机达到最佳怠速状态, 本发明通过设置节气门初试位置实现对发动机的优 化配置, 明步骤 (1 ) 所述调整节气门初试位置的方法是:
( 11 ) 调节节气门初始位置调节装置, 在系统达到最佳怠速状态时, 将此时步进电机的步进 转角存入 ECU控制装置的存储单元中;
( 12)系统再次启动时 ECU控制装置的控制单元载入预存的转角信号, 向歩进电机发送控制 信号。
[0017] 为了进一步提高系统的可靠性和抗干扰性能, 所述 ECU控制装置对发动机输出功率 说 明 书
的采集使用相互连接的 "看门狗"计时器。 具体的说, ECU控制装置设有定时器 TO和定时 器 Tl, 用定时器 TO监视定时器 Tl, 用定时器 T1监视主程序, 主程序监视定时器 το, 这种 环形结构可以精确监控发动机的即时状态, 保护免遭随机干扰的影响。
[0018] 本发明的 ECU控制装置设有 ISP (In-System Programmable)接口,用于将系统软件烧 录进控制装置的单片机内, 无需将整个装置拆卸。
[0019] 为了进一步实现对节气门的精确控制, 降低外界因素的干扰, 防止系统在异常情况下 受到干扰, 导致系统长时间异常工作,所述 ECU控制装置对发动机输出功率的采集使用相互 连接的 "看门狗"计时器, 如果 MCU/CPU 不在规定的时间内按要求访问看门狗, 就认为 MCU/CPU处于异常状态, 看门狗就会强迫 MCU/CPU复位, 使系统重新从头开始按规律执 行用户程序。 所述 ECU控制装置还设有数字滤波系统、 RAM数据保护抗干扰系统。
[0020] 有益效果: 本发明采用线性霍尔调节装置结合步进电机和传动机构实现对不同类型化 油器节气门开度的自动控制, 通过多处软硬件的设置增加了系统的控制精度, 使发动机达到 最佳怠速状态, 通过将线性霍尔电压与负载信号形成对应关系, 实现对发动机和负载进行有 效的控制。
附图说明
[0021] 图 1是本发明真空薄膜式化油器节气门开度控制系统的结构示意图;
图 2是图 1的俯视图;
图 3是本发明柱塞式化油器节气门开度控制系统的结构示意图;
图 4是本发明控制系统基于 ECU控制装置的结构框图;
图 5是本发明 ECU控制装置的结构框图, 同时说明 ECU控制装置的信号处理;
图 6是本发明控制节气门开度方法的流程图;
图 7是图 6的 S100歩骤进一歩的系统初始化流程图。
具体实施方式
[0022] 实施例 1
结合图 1、 图 2所示, 本事实例中的化油器是真空薄膜式化油器, 一般用于中小型发动机, 包括化油器本体 1, 真空薄膜式化油器的主腔通过安装在节气门轴 13的主风门 14控制空气 的进入量。 在化油器本体 1上安装有电机机座 15、 电机机座 15上安装有 12V直流步进电机 2, 步进电机 2输出轴设有一个摇臂 7, 摇臂 7上开有若干定位孔 10。摇臂 7通过拉杆 8连接 到节气门的主风门 14, 拉杆 8两端设有关节轴承, 通过两个球头销 9分别固定在摇臂 7定位 孔 10和主风门 14上。
[0023] 当步进电机 2旋转一定角度时, 摇臂 7如图 1所示进行顺时针或逆时针转动, 带动拉 说 明 书
杆 8作用到化油器的主风门 14, 使主风门 14根据节气门轴 13旋转一定角度。
[0024] 实施例 2
如图 3所示, 本事实例中的化油器是柱塞式化油器, 同样用于中小型发动机, 包括化油器本 体 1,柱塞式化油器通过柱塞 16带动针阀 17控制空气混入量,柱塞 16—端设有复位弹簧 18。 本发明通过利用歩进电机 2取代了原先的手工拉线, 歩进电机 2输出轴安装有电机转盘 11, 电机转盘 11的转动通过拉线 12控制针阀 17的开合。 为了方便步进电机 2控制, 复位弹簧 18的经过重新设计, 弹性比原手工拉线的弹性低。
[0025] 实施例 3
请参考图 4, 本发明的化油器节气门开度控制系统包括化油器 (节气门) 1、 传动机构 3、 步 进电机 2、 ECU控制装置 4、 转速传感器 19、 线性霍尔调节装置 5、 负载、 节气门初始位置 调节装置 20
歩进电机 2通过传动机构控制化油器节气门的开度, 对于真空薄膜式化油器, 传动机构包括 摇臂和拉杆, 对于柱塞式化油器, 传动机构包括电机转盘和拉线。
[0026] ECU控制装置 4分别与转速传感器 19、 线性霍尔调节装置 5、 负载传感器 6、 节气门 初始位置调节装置 20、 步进电机 2通信连接。
[0027] 转速传感器 19包括安装于发动机轴或曲轴上的传感器, 或者点火脉冲传感器, 转速 传感器 19将转速信号 S1传递到 ECU控制装置 4中。
[0028] 线性霍尔调节装置 5包括线性霍尔调节手柄或线性霍尔调节脚踏, 通过旋转线性霍尔 调节装置 5, 可以输出一组线性霍尔电压 S2到 ECU控制装置 4中。
[0029] 负载包括蓄电池或与发动机轴联的发电机,负载向 ECU控制装置 4发送负载信号 S3。 对于蓄电池作为负载而言, 负载将当前工作电压和 /或输出电流传送到 ECU控制装置 4中; 对于发电机作为负载而言, 负载通过负载传感器 6将当前的电压和 /或电流传送到 ECU控制 装置 4中。
[0030] 节气门初始位置调节装置 20设有两个按钮, 按下后可向 ECU控制装置 4发送以一定 步进角正转或反转的信号 S4。
[0031] 请参考图 5,本发明的 ECU控制装置 4包括用于保存最佳怠速状态下步进电机 2转角 的存储单元 41, 和用于信号处理后控制步进电机 2转动的控制单元 42。 在正常运行状态下, 转速信号 S1、线性霍尔电压信号 S2、负载信号 S3经控制单元 42处理为预存工作状态数据 S' 保存在存储单元 41内。 在系统运行过程中, 控制单元 42不断釆集转速信号 Sl、 线性霍尔电 压信号 S2和负载信号 S3, 与预存工作状态数据 S' 进行对比, 通过向歩进电机 2发送转角 信号 S5对当前发动机工作状态进行调整,当前的工作状态数据与预存工作状态数据 S '相符。 说 明 书
[0032] 请参考图 5, 在系统初次运行时, 通过调节节气门初始位置调节装置 20, 经控制单元 42向步进电机发送步进转角信号 S6,通过步进电机 2正向或反向旋转,控制节气门 1的开度, 从而调节发动机工作状态, 当系统达到最佳怠速状态时, 将此时步进电机 2的步进转角信号 S6保存入存储单元 41内。 但下次系统重新开机时, 控制单元 42会调用存储单元 41预存的 歩进转角, 向歩进电机 2发送歩进转角信号 S6, 系统的发动更加容易、 控制更为有效。
[0033] 请参考图 6和图 7流程图所示, 本发明控制节气门开度的方法包括如下步骤: S100: 系统初次运行时自动调整节气门的初始位置;
S200: ECU控制装置将采集到的线性霍尔电压和负载信号处理后, 预存入存储单元中; S300: 控制单元通过步进电机调节节气门的开度大小, 使所述线性霍尔电压与负载信号保持 步骤 (2) 中的对应关系。
[0034] 为了使发动机达到最佳怠速状态, 通过设置节气门初试位置实现对发动机的优化配 置, 歩骤 S100调整节气门初试位置的方法具体是:
S101 : 调节节气门初始位置调节装置, 在系统达到最佳怠速状态时, 将此时步进电机的歩进 转角存入 ECU控制装置的存储单元中;
S102:系统再次启动时 ECU控制装置的控制单元载入预存的转角信号, 向步进电机发送控制 信号。
[0035] 为了进一步提高系统的可靠性和抗干扰性能, 所述 ECU控制装置对发动机输出功率 的采集使用相互连接的 "看门狗"计时器。 具体的说, ECU控制装置设有定时器 TO和定时 器 Tl, 用定时器 TO监视定时器 Tl, 用定时器 T1监视主程序, 主程序监视定时器 το, 这种 环形结构可以精确监控发动机的即时状态, 保护免遭随机干扰的影响。
[0036] 本发明的 ECU控制装置设有 ISP (In-System Programmable)接口,用于将系统软件烧 录进控制装置的单片机内, 无需将整个装置拆卸。
[0037] 为了进一步实现对节气门的精确控制, 降低外界因素的干扰, 防止系统在异常情况下 受到干扰, 导致系统长时间异常工作,所述 ECU控制装置对发动机输出功率的采集使用相互 连接的 "看门狗"计时器, 如果 MCU/CPU 不在规定的时间内按要求访问看门狗, 就认为 MCU/CPU处于异常状态, 看门狗就会强迫 MCU/CPU复位, 使系统重新从头开始按规律执 行用户程序。 所述 ECU控制装置还设有数字滤波系统、 RAM数据保护抗干扰系统。
[0038] 以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式, 应当指出: 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来 说, 在不脱离本发明原理的前提下, 还可以做出若干改进和润饰, 这些改进和润饰也应视为 本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 包括化油器本体(1 ), 其特征在于: 所述控制系统还包 括步进电机 (2)、 与步进电机 (2) 相连并控制节气门开度的传动机构 (3 )、 ECU控制装置
(4)、 线性霍尔调节装置 (5)、 以及用于采集负载变化的负载传感器 (6); 所述线性霍尔调 节装置 (5) 和负载传感器 (6) 与 ECU控制装置 (4) 通信连接。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 其特征在于: 所述传动机构 (3) 包括摇臂 (7)、 拉杆(8), 所述摇臂 (7 )与步进电机(2)相连, 所述拉杆(8 )—端安装在 摇臂 (7 ) 上, 另一端与真空薄膜式化油器的主风门相连。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 其特征在于: 所述拉杆两端设有 关节轴承, 所述关节轴承通过球头销 (9) 分别与摇臂 (7 ) 和主风门连接。
4.根据权利要求 2或 3所述的一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 其特征在于: 所述摇臂 (7) 上设有若干用于调节拉杆 (8) 位置的定位孔 (10)。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 其特征在于: 所述传动机构 (3) 包括电机转盘(11 )和拉线(12), 所述电机转盘(11 )与步进电机(2)相连, 所述拉线(12) 一端固定在电机转盘 (11 ) 上, 另一端与柱塞式化油器的针阔相连。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 其特征在于: 所述控制系统还包 括节气门初始位置调节装置 (20), 与 ECU控制装置 (4) 通信连接。
7.根据权利要求 1所述的一种化油器节气门开度控制系统, 其特征在于: 所述 ECU控制装 置 (4) 包括: 用于保存最佳怠速状态下步进电机转角的存储单元 (41 ); 以及用于信号处理 后控制步进电机转动的控制单元 (42)。
8. 如权利要求 1所述控制系统控制控制节气门开度的方法, 其特征在于所述 ECU控制装置 包括存储单元和控制单元, 所述控制方法包括:
( 1 ) 系统初次运行时自动调整节气门的初始位置;
(2) ECU控制装置将釆集到的线性霍尔电压和负载信号处理后, 预存入存储单元中;
(3 )控制单元通过步进电机调节节气门的开度大小,使所述线性霍尔电压与负载信号保持步 骤 (2) 中的对应关系。
9.根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 步骤(1 )所述调整节气门初始位置的方法是:
( 11 ) 调节节气门初始位置调节装置, 在系统达到最佳怠速状态时, 将此时步进电机的转角 存入 ECU控制装置的存储单元中;
( 12)系统再次启动时 ECU控制装置的控制单元载入预存的转角信号, 向歩进电机发送控制 信号。
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