WO2013133164A1 - プレス成形品の製造方法およびプレス成形品 - Google Patents
プレス成形品の製造方法およびプレス成形品 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/28—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies
- B21D22/286—Deep-drawing of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies with lubricating or cooling means
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
- B62D29/007—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of special steel or specially treated steel, e.g. stainless steel or locally surface hardened steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a press-formed product used when manufacturing a structural part of an automobile and a method for manufacturing such a press-formed product, and particularly when a preheated steel plate (blank) is formed into a predetermined shape.
- the present invention relates to a press-molded product manufactured by applying to a press-molding method in which heat treatment is performed simultaneously with shape formation to obtain a predetermined strength, and a useful method for manufacturing such a press-molded product.
- the steel sheet is heated to a predetermined temperature (for example, the temperature at which it becomes an austenite phase) to lower the strength, and then formed with a mold having a temperature lower than that of the steel sheet (for example, room temperature).
- a hot press molding method is employed in the production of parts that performs quenching heat treatment (quenching) using the temperature difference between the two to ensure the strength after molding.
- a hot press forming method is called by various names such as a hot forming method, a hot stamping method, a hot stamp method, and a die quench method in addition to the hot press method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view showing a mold configuration for carrying out hot press molding as described above, in which 1 is a punch, 2 is a die, 3 is a blank holder, 4 is a steel plate (blank), BHF is a crease pressing force, rp is a punch shoulder radius, rd is a die shoulder radius, and CL is a punch / die clearance.
- the punch 1 and the die 2 have passages 1a and 2a through which a cooling medium (for example, water) can pass, and the cooling medium is allowed to pass through the passages.
- a cooling medium for example, water
- the steel plate (blank) 4 is formed in a softened state by heating to a single-phase region temperature equal to or higher than the Ac3 transformation point.
- the steel plate 4 in a high temperature state is sandwiched between the die 2 and the blank holder 3, and the steel plate 4 is pushed into the hole of the die 2 by the punch 1 to correspond to the outer shape of the punch 1 while reducing the outer diameter of the steel plate 4. Mold into shape. Further, by cooling the punch 1 and the die 2 in parallel with the forming, heat is removed from the steel plate 4 to the mold (punch 1 and die 2), and the bottom dead center of the forming (the punch tip is located at the deepest part).
- the material is quenched by further holding and cooling in the state shown in FIG.
- a steel sheet for hot pressing that is widely used at present, a steel sheet made of 22MnB5 steel is known.
- This steel sheet has a tensile strength of 1500 MPa and an elongation of about 6 to 8%, and is applied to an impact resistant member (a member that is not deformed as much as possible and does not break).
- an impact resistant member a member that is not deformed as much as possible and does not break.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 As hot-press steel sheets exhibiting good elongation, techniques such as Patent Documents 1 to 4 have been proposed. In these technologies, the basic strength class of each steel sheet is adjusted by setting the carbon content in the steel sheet to various ranges, and ferrite with high deformability is introduced, and the average of ferrite and martensite Elongation is improved by reducing the particle size. These techniques are effective for improving the elongation, but are still insufficient from the viewpoint of improving the elongation according to the strength of the steel sheet. For example, the tensile strength TS is 1470 MPa or more and the elongation EL is about 10.2% at the maximum, and further improvement is required.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to exhibit a method useful for obtaining a press-formed product that can achieve a high balance between high strength and elongation, and to exhibit the above characteristics. It is to provide a press-formed product.
- the manufacturing method of the hot press-formed product of the present invention that has achieved the above object C: 0.15 to 0.5% (meaning mass%, hereinafter the same for chemical composition) Si: 0.2-3%, Mn: 0.5 to 3%, P: 0.05% or less (excluding 0%), S: 0.05% or less (excluding 0%), Al: 0.01 to 1%, B: 0.0002 to 0.01%, Ti: 3.4 [N] + 0.01% or more, 3.4 [N] + 0.1% or less [where [N] indicates the content (% by mass) of N], and N: 0.001 ⁇ 0.01%, Each of which contains iron and inevitable impurities, Among the Ti-containing precipitates contained in the steel sheet, the average equivalent circle diameter of those having an equivalent circle diameter of 30 nm or less is 3 nm or more, and the relationship between the precipitated Ti amount in the steel and the total Ti amount is expressed by the following formula (1): The steel sheet for hot pressing that satisfies the above conditions is heated to a temperature not lower than the Ac
- the “equivalent circle diameter” means the diameter when converted to a circle of the same area when focusing on the size (area) of the Ti-containing precipitate (eg, TiC) (the “average equivalent circle diameter” is its average Value).
- the steel sheet for hot pressing used in the production method of the present invention further includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of (a) V, Nb, and Zr as a further element, if necessary. (0% not included), (b) 1 or more selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo in total of 1% or less (not including 0%), (c) Mg, Ca and REM It is also useful to contain at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.01% or less (not including 0%), etc., depending on the type of element contained, The properties are further improved.
- the metal structure is martensite: 80 to 97 area%, retained austenite: 3 to 20 area%, remaining structure: 5 area% or less, and in the retained austenite
- the carbon amount is 0.50% or more, and the balance between high strength and elongation can be achieved as a high level and uniform characteristic in the press-formed product.
- the chemical component composition is strictly defined, the size of Ti-containing precipitates is controlled, and for Ti that does not form TiN, a steel plate with a controlled precipitation rate is used.
- a steel plate with a controlled precipitation rate is used.
- the inventors of the present invention when heating a steel plate to a predetermined temperature and then producing a press-formed product by hot press forming, show good ductility (elongation) while ensuring high strength after press forming. In order to realize a simple press-formed product, we examined it from various angles.
- the present inventors have found that a press-molded product having a predetermined amount of retained austenite after molding and having a high inherent ductility (residual ductility) can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.
- C is an important element in securing retained austenite. At the time of heating at a single phase region temperature equal to or higher than the Ac3 transformation point, the austenite is concentrated to form retained austenite after quenching. Further, it is an important element in increasing the amount of martensite and controlling the strength of martensite. If the C content is less than 0.15%, a predetermined retained austenite amount cannot be secured, and good ductility cannot be obtained. Further, the strength of martensite is insufficient, and the strength of the molded product is lowered. On the other hand, when the C content becomes excessive and exceeds 0.5%, the strength becomes too high, and the ductility is lowered. A more preferable lower limit of the C content is 0.18% or more (more preferably 0.20% or more), and a more preferable upper limit is 0.45% or less (more preferably 0.40% or less).
- Si suppresses the formation of cementite by tempering martensite during cooling of mold quenching, thereby increasing the amount of solid solution carbon to form residual austenite. If the Si content is less than 0.2%, a predetermined retained austenite amount cannot be ensured, and good ductility cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Si content is excessive and exceeds 3%, the solid solution strengthening amount becomes too large, and the ductility is greatly deteriorated.
- the more preferable lower limit of the Si content is 1.15% or more (more preferably 1.20% or more), and the more preferable upper limit is 2.7% or less (more preferably 2.5% or less).
- Mn is an element that stabilizes austenite and contributes to an increase in retained austenite. Moreover, it is an element effective in improving hardenability, suppressing the formation of ferrite, pearlite, and bainite during cooling after heating, and ensuring retained austenite. In order to exhibit such an effect, it is necessary to contain 0.5% or more of Mn. Considering only the characteristics, it is preferable that the Mn content is large, but the alloy addition cost increases, so the content was made 3% or less. A more preferable lower limit of the Mn content is 0.7% or more (more preferably 1.0% or more), and a more preferable upper limit is 2.5% or less (more preferably 2.0% or less).
- P 0.05% or less (excluding 0%)
- P is an element inevitably contained in the steel, but it deteriorates ductility, so it is preferable to reduce P as much as possible.
- extreme reduction leads to an increase in steelmaking cost, and it is difficult to produce 0%, so 0.05% or less (excluding 0%) was set.
- the upper limit with preferable P content is 0.045% or less (more preferably 0.040% or less).
- S 0.05% or less (excluding 0%)
- S is an element inevitably contained in steel, and deteriorates ductility. Therefore, S is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- extreme reduction leads to an increase in steelmaking cost, and it is difficult to produce 0%, so 0.05% or less (excluding 0%) was set.
- the upper limit with preferable S content is 0.045% or less (more preferably 0.040% or less).
- Al 0.01 to 1%
- Al is useful as a deoxidizing element, and also fixes solid solution N present in steel as AlN, which is useful for improving ductility.
- the Al content needs to be 0.01% or more.
- the minimum with preferable Al content is 0.02% or more (more preferably 0.03% or more), and a preferable upper limit is 0.8% or less (more preferably 0.6% or less).
- B is an element effective in suppressing ferrite transformation, pearlite transformation, and bainite transformation, suppressing formation of ferrite, pearlite, and bainite during cooling after heating, and ensuring retained austenite.
- B needs to be contained in an amount of 0.0002% or more, but the effect is saturated even if it is contained in excess of 0.01%.
- a more preferable lower limit of the B content is 0.0003% or more (more preferably 0.0005% or more), and a more preferable upper limit is 0.008% or less (more preferably 0.005% or less).
- Ti 3.4 [N] + 0.01% or more, 3.4 [N] + 0.1% or less: [N] is N content (mass%)] Ti fixes N and allows B to be maintained in a solid solution state, thereby exhibiting an effect of improving hardenability. In order to exert such an effect, it is important to contain 0.01% or more than the stoichiometric ratio of Ti and N [3.4 times the N content].
- the Ti-containing precipitates eg, TiN
- the Ti-containing precipitates are finely dispersed and during cooling after heating in the austenite region
- the growth in the longitudinal direction of martensite formed in a lath shape is inhibited, and a lath structure having a small aspect ratio is obtained.
- the precipitates are made sufficiently large, a martensitic structure with a large aspect ratio is obtained, and stable retained austenite can be obtained even if the amount of C in the retained austenite is equal, and the characteristics (elongation) are improved.
- the preferable lower limit of the Ti content is 3.4 [N] + 0.02% or more (more preferably 3.4 [N] + 0.05% or more), and the preferable upper limit is 3.4 [N] + 0.09%. Or less (more preferably 3.4 [N] + 0.08% or less).
- N is preferably reduced as much as possible in order to reduce the hardenability improvement effect by fixing B as BN.
- 0.001% is set as the lower limit. did.
- the upper limit was made 0.01%.
- the upper limit with preferable N content is 0.008% or less (more preferably 0.006% or less).
- the basic chemical components in the steel sheet for hot pressing used in the present invention are as described above, and the balance is iron and inevitable impurities other than P and S (for example, O, H, etc.). Further, in the steel sheet for hot pressing of the present invention, if necessary, (a) one or more selected from the group consisting of V, Nb and Zr is 0.1% or less in total (not including 0%), (B) 1 or more selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Cr and Mo in total 1% or less (not including 0%), (c) 1 selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and REM It is also useful to contain a total of 0.01% or less (excluding 0%), etc. of the seeds or more, and the characteristics of the steel sheet for hot pressing are further improved depending on the type of element contained. . The preferable range when these elements are contained and the reason for limiting the range are as follows.
- V, Nb, and Zr have the effect of forming fine carbides and making the structure fine by the pinning effect. In order to exhibit such an effect, it is preferable to contain 0.001% or more in total. However, when the content of these elements is excessive, coarse carbides are formed, and the ductility is deteriorated by becoming the starting point of fracture. For these reasons, the total content of these elements is preferably 0.1% or less. The more preferable lower limit of the content of these elements is 0.005% or more (more preferably 0.008% or more) in total, and the more preferable upper limit is 0.08% or less (more preferably 0.06%) in total. The following).
- the more preferable lower limit of the content of these elements is 0.05% or more (more preferably 0.06% or more) in total, and the more preferable upper limit is 0.5% or less (more preferably 0.3% or less) in total. ).
- a total of at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca and REM is 0.01% or less (excluding 0%)] Since these elements refine the inclusions, they effectively work to improve ductility. In order to exhibit these effects, it is preferable to contain 0.0001% or more in total. Considering only the characteristics, it is preferable that the content is large, but since the effect is saturated, the total content is preferably 0.01% or less. The more preferable lower limit of the content of these elements is 0.0002% or more (more preferably 0.0005% or more) in total, and the more preferable upper limit is 0.005% or less (more preferably 0.003% or less) in total. ).
- the average equivalent circle diameter of the equivalent circle diameter of 30 nm or less is 3 nm or more
- (B) precipitated Ti It is also important to satisfy the relationship [the relationship of the above formula (1)] of amount (mass%) ⁇ 3.4 [N] ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ [total Ti amount (mass%) ⁇ 3.4 [N]]. It is a necessary requirement.
- the Ti-containing precipitates and the control of the formula (1) are intended to improve the elongation in the molded product, and are essentially necessary controls in the molded product, but these values before and after hot press molding. Therefore, it is necessary to control the change before forming (steel for hot pressing).
- Excess Ti with respect to N in the steel plate before forming is finely dispersed in the steel plate before hot pressing, or most of it exists in a solid solution state. Will do. Then, in the martensitic transformation that occurs during the rapid cooling in the mold after the heating, the growth in the longitudinal direction of the martensite lath is inhibited, the growth in the width direction is promoted, and the aspect ratio becomes small.
- the average equivalent circle diameter of the one with an equivalent circle diameter of 30 nm is 3 nm or more.
- the equivalent circle diameter of the target Ti-containing precipitate is defined as 30 nm or less, except for TiN, which is coarsely formed in the melting stage and does not affect the structure change or properties thereafter. This is because it is necessary to control the Ti-containing precipitates.
- the size of the Ti-containing precipitate (the average equivalent-circle diameter of the Ti-containing precipitate having an equivalent circle diameter of 30 nm or less) is preferably 5 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more.
- the Ti-containing precipitates that are the subject of the present invention include TiC and TiN as well as precipitates containing Ti such as TiVC, TiNbC, TiVCN, and TiNbCN.
- the amount of Ti existing as a precipitate other than TiN is the remaining 0.5 subtracting Ti forming TiN out of the total Ti. It is necessary to make it at least twice (that is, 0.5 ⁇ [total Ti amount (mass%) ⁇ 3.4 [N]] or more) [Requirement (B) above].
- Precipitated Ti amount (mass%)-3.4 [N] is preferably 0.6 ⁇ [total Ti amount (mass%)-3.4 [N]] or more, more preferably 0.7 ⁇ [ The total Ti amount (% by mass) is ⁇ 3.4 [N]] or more.
- a slab obtained by melting a steel material having the chemical composition as described above is heated at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher (preferably 1150 ° C. or higher).
- Hot rolling is performed at 1300 ° C. or lower (preferably 1250 ° C. or lower), the finish rolling temperature is 850 ° C. or higher (preferably 900 ° C. or higher), 1000 ° C. or lower (preferably 950 ° C. or lower), and then 700 to 650 ° C.
- winding may be performed at an intermediate air cooling temperature or lower and 600 ° C. or higher (preferably 650 ° C. or higher).
- the ferrite transformation is performed at a high temperature to coarsen the Ti-containing precipitate such as TiC formed during the ferrite transformation. Further, by increasing the winding temperature, the formed Ti-containing precipitate such as TiC is grown and coarsened.
- a slab obtained by melting a steel material having the chemical composition as described above is heated at a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher (preferably 1150 ° C. or higher).
- Hot rolling is performed at 1300 ° C. or lower (preferably 1250 ° C. or lower), the finish rolling temperature is 750 ° C. or higher (preferably 770 ° C. or higher), 850 ° C. or lower (preferably 830 ° C. or lower), and then 750 to 700 ° C.
- This method ends rolling in a temperature range where dislocations introduced by hot rolling remain in austenite, and immediately after that, gradually cools to form Ti-containing precipitates such as TiC on the dislocations. Is.
- the manufacturing method of the steel sheet for hot pressing is not limited to the above-described methods.
- a method of coarsening precipitates in a temperature range below the reverse transformation point of a steel sheet in which fine precipitates exist is also included. Can be adopted.
- the steel sheet for hot pressing having the above chemical composition and Ti precipitation state may be used for the production of hot pressing as it is, and the reduction ratio after pickling: 10 to 80% (preferably 20 to 70%) ) May be used for manufacturing a hot press after cold rolling. Moreover, you may heat-process in the temperature range (for example, 1000 degrees C or less) in which the Ti containing precipitates do not completely dissolve in the hot-pressed steel sheet or its cold rolled material. Moreover, the steel plate for hot pressing according to the present invention may be plated on the surface (base steel plate surface) containing one or more of Al, Zn, Mg, and Si.
- press molding is started and held at the bottom dead center and not lower than 20 ° C./second in the mold.
- a temperature lower than the martensite transformation start temperature Ms By cooling to a temperature lower than the martensite transformation start temperature Ms while ensuring an average cooling rate of the above, it is a press-molded product having a single characteristic and has an optimum structure (martensite having a predetermined strength and high ductility). (Organized organization)
- the reasons for defining the requirements in this molding method are as follows.
- the heating temperature of the steel sheet is lower than the Ac3 transformation point, sufficient austenite cannot be obtained during heating, and a predetermined amount of martensite cannot be secured in the final structure (structure of the molded product).
- the heating temperature is preferably A c3 transformation point + 20 ° C. or higher (more preferably, Ac 3 transformation point + 30 ° C. or higher), and 930 ° C. or lower.
- the average cooling rate at this time is set to 20 ° C./second or more, and the cooling end temperature (rapid cooling end temperature) needs to be lower than the martensite transformation start temperature Ms.
- the average cooling rate is preferably 30 ° C./second or more (more preferably 40 ° C./second or more).
- the quenching end temperature By setting the quenching end temperature to a temperature lower than the martensite transformation start temperature Ms or less, the formation of ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and other structures is prevented, and the austenite existing during heating is martensitic transformed to reduce the amount of martensite. While securing the fine austenite between the martensite laths, a predetermined amount of retained austenite is secured.
- the quenching end temperature is equal to or higher than the martensite transformation start temperature Ms or the average cooling rate is less than 20 ° C./second, a structure such as ferrite, pearlite, and bainite is formed, and a predetermined amount of retained austenite cannot be secured.
- the elongation (ductility) in the molded product is deteriorated.
- control of the average cooling rate is basically unnecessary, but for example, cooling to room temperature at an average cooling rate of 1 ° C / second or more and 100 ° C / second or less. May be.
- Control of the average cooling rate during molding and after molding is completed by controlling (a) the temperature of the molding die (cooling medium shown in FIG. 1) and (b) controlling the thermal conductivity of the die. It can be achieved by such means.
- the metal structure is martensite: 80 to 97 area%, retained austenite: 3 to 20 area%, remaining structure: 5 area% or less, and the amount of carbon in the retained austenite is It becomes 0.50% or more, and the balance between high strength and elongation can be achieved as a uniform characteristic at a high level in the molded product.
- the reasons for setting the ranges of the requirements (basic structure and carbon content in retained austenite) in such a press-formed product are as follows.
- the area fraction of martensite needs to be 80 area% or more. However, when this fraction exceeds 97 area%, the fraction of retained austenite becomes insufficient and ductility (residual ductility) decreases.
- a preferred lower limit of the martensite fraction is 83 area% or more (more preferably 85 area% or more), and a preferred upper limit is 95 area% or less (more preferably 93 area% or less).
- Residual austenite has the effect of increasing the work hardening rate (transformation-induced plasticity) and improving the ductility of the molded product by transforming into martensite during plastic deformation.
- the retained austenite fraction needs to be 3 area% or more.
- the higher the retained austenite fraction the better.
- the retained austenite that can be secured is limited, and the upper limit is about 20 area%.
- the preferable lower limit of retained austenite is 5 area% or more (more preferably 7 area% or more).
- ferrite, pearlite, bainite, and the like can be included as the remaining structure.
- these structures have a lower contribution to strength and contribution to ductility than other structures, and it is preferable that the structure is basically not contained ( It may be 0 area%). However, up to 5 area% is acceptable.
- the remaining structure is more preferably 4 area% or less, and still more preferably 3 area% or less.
- the amount of carbon in retained austenite affects the timing at which retained austenite undergoes work-induced transformation to martensite during deformation in tensile tests, etc., and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) is caused by processing-induced transformation in the higher strain region as the carbon content increases. Increase the effect.
- TRIP transformation-induced plasticity
- carbon is expelled from the formed bainitic ferrite to the surrounding austenite.
- the Ti carbide or carbonitride dispersed in the steel is coarsely dispersed, the growth in the longitudinal direction of the bainitic ferrite proceeds without being inhibited, so the width is narrow and long. Bainitic ferrite with a large aspect ratio.
- the carbon content in the retained austenite in the steel is specified to be 0.50% or more.
- the carbon content in the retained austenite can be concentrated to about 0.70%, but the limit is about 1.0%.
- the press molding conditions heat treating temperature and cooling rate
- properties such as strength and elongation of the molded product
- high ductility residual ductility
- a press-molded product can be obtained, it can be applied to parts that have been difficult to apply with conventional press-molded products (for example, energy absorbing members), which is extremely useful for expanding the application range of hot-pressed products. .
- a c3 transformation point (°C) 910-203 ⁇ [C ] 1/2 + 44.7 ⁇ [Si] -30 ⁇ [Mn] + 700 ⁇ [P] + 400 ⁇ [Al] + 400 ⁇ [Ti] + 104 ⁇ [V ] -11 ⁇ [Cr] + 31.5 ⁇ [Mo] ⁇ 20 ⁇ [Cu] ⁇ 15.2 ⁇ [Ni] (2)
- Ms point (° C.) 550 ⁇ 361 ⁇ [C] ⁇ 39 ⁇ [Mn] ⁇ 10 ⁇ [Cu] ⁇ 17 ⁇ [Ni] ⁇ 20 ⁇ [Cr] ⁇ 5 ⁇ [Mo] + 30 ⁇ [Al] ( 3)
- [C], [Si], [Mn], [P], [Al], [Ti], [V], [Cr], [Mo], [Cu] and [Ni] are C, The contents (mass%) of Si, Mn, P, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Cu and Ni
- Treatment (1) After cold-rolling a hot-rolled steel sheet (sheet thickness: 1.6 mm), simulating continuous annealing with a heat treatment simulator, heating to 800 ° C., holding for 90 seconds, and average cooling at 20 ° C./second Cooled to 500 ° C. at a rate and held for 300 seconds.
- the obtained steel sheet was analyzed for the precipitation state of Ti (the amount of precipitated Ti (mass%)-3.4 [N], the average equivalent circle diameter of the Ti-containing precipitate) in the following manner.
- the results are shown in Table 3 below together with a calculated value of 0.5 ⁇ [total Ti amount-3.4 [N]] [displayed as 0.5 ⁇ (total Ti amount-3.4 [N])].
- the amount of precipitated Ti (mass%)-3.4 [N] was subjected to extraction residue analysis using a mesh having a mesh diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m (in the extraction process, The amount of precipitated Ti aggregated (mass%)-3.4 [N] (denoted as amount of precipitated Ti-3.4 [N] in Table 3) was determined. When the Ti-containing precipitate partially contains V or Nb, the content of these precipitates was also measured.
- the obtained molded product was measured for tensile strength (TS), elongation (total elongation EL), observation of metal structure (fraction of each structure), and carbon content in retained austenite by the following methods.
- Steel No. The samples 3, 6, 7, 11 to 13, 16, and 20 are comparative examples that do not satisfy any of the requirements defined in the present invention, and any of the characteristics is deteriorated. That is, Steel No. No. 3 uses a steel sheet having a low Si content, and the retained austenite fraction in the molded product is not ensured and elongation is not achieved. Steel No. No. 6 has a shorter cooling time at 750 to 700 ° C. at the time of manufacturing the steel plate, the steel plate does not satisfy the relationship of the formula (1), and carbon in the retained austenite in the formed product. The content is decreased, and the elongation of the molded product is deteriorated (the strength-elongation balance (TS ⁇ EL) is also decreased). Steel No.
- No. 7 has a high finish rolling temperature at the time of steel plate production, the steel plate does not satisfy the relationship of the formula (1), and the carbon content in the retained austenite in the molded product is reduced, so that the elongation of the molded product is increased. Deteriorated (strength-elongation balance (TS ⁇ EL) is also decreased).
- Steel No. No. 16 uses a steel sheet with excessive C content, and the strength of the molded product is increased, and only a low elongation EL is obtained.
- Steel No. No. 20 uses a steel sheet with an excessive Ti content, and the Ti-containing precipitates cannot be dissolved in the heating stage during hot rolling, and almost all of them are present as precipitates of 30 nm or more, and are dissolved as TiC. Since Ti is decreased and becomes a starting point of fracture at the time of deformation, the strength-elongation balance (TS ⁇ EL) has a low value.
- the present invention is suitable for manufacturing a press-formed product used when manufacturing a structural part of an automobile.
Abstract
Description
C :0.15~0.5%(質量%の意味。以下、化学成分組成について同じ。)、
Si:0.2~3%、
Mn:0.5~3%、
P :0.05%以下(0%を含まない)、
S :0.05%以下(0%を含まない)、
Al:0.01~1%、
B :0.0002~0.01%、
Ti:3.4[N]+0.01%以上、3.4[N]+0.1%以下[但し、[N]はNの含有量(質量%)を示す]、および
N :0.001~0.01%、
を夫々含有し、残部が鉄および不可避不純物からなり、
鋼板中に含まれるTi含有析出物のうち、円相当直径が30nm以下のものの平均円相当直径が3nm以上であると共に、鋼中の析出Ti量と全Ti量とが下記(1)式の関係を満足する熱間プレス用鋼板を、Ac3変態点以上、950℃以下の温度に加熱した後、プレス成形を開始し、下死点で保持して金型内で20℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度を確保しつつマルテンサイト変態開始温度Msよりも低い温度まで冷却することを特徴とする。尚、「円相当直径」とは、Ti含有析出物(例えばTiC)の大きさ(面積)に着目したときに、同一面積の円に換算したときの直径(「平均円相当直径」はその平均値)である。
析出Ti量(質量%)-3.4[N]≧0.5×[全Ti量(質量%)-3.4[N]] …(1)
((1)式中、[N]は鋼中のNの含有量(質量%)を示す)
Cは、残留オーステナイトを確保する上で重要な元素である。Ac3変態点以上の単相域温度の加熱時に、オーステナイトに濃化することで、焼入れ後に残留オーステナイトを形成させる。また、マルテンサイト量の増加や、マルテンサイトの強度を支配する上でも重要な元素である。C含有量が0.15%未満では、所定の残留オーステナイト量が確保できず、良好な延性が得られない。またマルテンサイトの強度が不足し、成形品の強度が低下する。一方、C含有量が過剰になって0.5%を超えると、強度が高くなり過ぎることになり、延性が低下する。C含有量のより好ましい下限は0.18%以上(更に好ましくは0.20%以上)であり、より好ましい上限は0.45%以下(更に好ましくは0.40%以下)である。
Siは、金型焼入れの冷却中にマルテンサイトが焼戻しされてセメンタイトが形成されるのを抑制することで、固溶状態の炭素を増大させて残留オーステナイトを形成させる効果を発揮する。Si含有量が0.2%未満では、所定の残留オーステナイト量が確保できず、良好な延性が得られない。またSi含有量が過剰になって3%を超えると、固溶強化量が大きくなり過ぎ、延性が大幅に劣化することになる。Si含有量のより好ましい下限は1.15%以上(更に好ましくは1.20%以上)であり、より好ましい上限は2.7%以下(更に好ましくは2.5%以下)である。
Mnは、オーステナイトを安定化させる元素であり、残留オーステナイトの増加に寄与する。また、焼入れ性を高め、加熱後の冷却中にフェライト、パーライト、ベイナイトの形成を抑制し、残留オーステナイトを確保する上でも有効な元素である。こうした効果を発揮させるためには、Mnは0.5%以上含有させる必要がある。特性だけを考慮した場合は、Mn含有量は多い方が好ましいが、合金添加のコストが上昇することから、3%以下とした。Mn含有量のより好ましい下限は0.7%以上(更に好ましくは1.0%以上)であり、より好ましい上限は2.5%以下(更に好ましくは2.0%以下)である。
Pは、鋼中に不可避的に含まれる元素であるが延性を劣化させるので、Pは極力低減することが好ましい。しかしながら、極端な低減は製鋼コストの増大を招き、0%とすることは製造上困難であるので、0.05%以下(0%を含まない)とした。P含有量の好ましい上限は0.045%以下(より好ましくは0.040%以下)である。
SもPと同様に鋼中に不可避的に含まれる元素であり、延性を劣化させるので、Sは極力低減することが好ましい。しかしながら、極端な低減は製鋼コストの増大を招き、0%とすることは製造上困難であるので、0.05%以下(0%を含まない)とした。S含有量の好ましい上限は0.045%以下(より好ましくは0.040%以下)である。
Alは、脱酸元素として有用であると共に、鋼中に存在する固溶NをAlNとして固定し、延性の向上に有用である。こうした効果を有効に発揮させるためには、Al含有量は0.01%以上とする必要がある。しかしながら、Al含有量が過剰になって1%を超えると、Al2O3が過剰に生成し、延性を劣化させる。尚、Al含有量の好ましい下限は0.02%以上(より好ましくは0.03%以上)であり、好ましい上限は0.8%以下(より好ましくは0.6%以下)である。
Bは、フェライト変態、パーライト変態およびベイナイト変態を抑制し、加熱後の冷却中にフェライト、パーライト、ベイナイトの形成を抑制し、残留オーステナイトを確保する上でも有効な元素である。こうした効果を発揮させるためには、Bは0.0002%以上含有させる必要があるが、0.01%を超えて過剰に含有させても効果が飽和する。B含有量のより好ましい下限は0.0003%以上(更に好ましくは0.0005%以上)であり、より好ましい上限は0.008%以下(更に好ましくは0.005%以下)である。
Tiは、Nを固定し、Bを固溶状態で維持させることで焼入れ性の改善効果を発現させる。こうした効果を発揮させるためには、TiとNの化学量論比[Nの含有量の3.4倍]よりも0.01%以上多く含有させることが重要である。但し、Ti含有量が過剰になって3.4[N]+0.1%よりも多くなると、形成されるTi含有析出物(例えばTiN)は微細分散し、オーステナイト領域に加熱後の冷却中にラス状に形成されるマルテンサイトの長手方向への成長を阻害し、アスペクト比が小さなラス組織になる。逆に、析出物を十分に大きくすれば、アスペクト比の大きなマルテンサイト組織になり、残留オーステナイト中のC量が同等でも安定な残留オーステナイトが得られ、特性(伸び)が向上することになる。Ti含有量の好ましい下限は3.4[N]+0.02%以上(より好ましくは3.4[N]+0.05%以上)であり、好ましい上限は3.4[N]+0.09%以下(より好ましくは3.4[N]+0.08%以下)である。
Nは、BをBNとして固定することで、焼入れ性改善効果を低下させるため、できるだけ低減することが好ましいが、実プロセスの中で低減するには限界があるため、0.001%を下限とした。また、N含有量が過剰になると、歪み時効により延性が劣化したり、BNとして析出し、固溶Bによる焼入れ性改善効果を低下させるため、上限を0.01%とした。N含有量の好ましい上限は0.008%以下(より好ましくは0.006%以下)である。
V,NbおよびZrは、微細な炭化物を形成し、ピン止め効果により組織を微細にする効果がある。こうした効果を発揮させるためには、合計で0.001%以上含有させることが好ましい。しかしながら、これらの元素の含有量が過剰になると、粗大な炭化物が形成され、破壊の起点になることで逆に延性を劣化させる。こうしたことから、これらの元素は合計で0.1%以下とすることが好ましい。これらの元素の含有量のより好ましい下限は合計で0.005%以上(更に好ましくは0.008%以上)であり、より好ましい上限は合計で0.08%以下(更に好ましくは0.06%以下)である。
Cu,Ni,CrおよびMoは、フェライト変態およびパーライト変態を抑制するため、加熱後の冷却中に、フェライト、パーライトの形成を防止し、残留オーステナイトの確保に有効に作用する。こうした効果を発揮させるためには、合計で0.01%以上含有させることが好ましい。特性だけを考慮すると含有量は多いほうが好ましいが、合金添加のコストが上昇することから、合計で1%以下とすることが好ましい。また、オーステナイトの強度を大幅に高める作用を有するため、熱間圧延の負荷が大きくなり、鋼板の製造が困難になるため、製造性の観点からも1%以下とすることが好ましい。これらの元素含有量のより好ましい下限は合計で0.05%以上(更に好ましくは0.06%以上)であり、より好ましい上限は合計で0.5%以下(更に好ましくは0.3%以下)である。
これらの元素は、介在物を微細化するため、延性向上に有効に作用する。こうした効果を発揮させるためには、合計で0.0001%以上含有させることが好ましい。特性だけを考慮すると含有量は多いほうが好ましいが、効果が飽和することから、合計で0.01%以下とすることが好ましい。これらの元素含有量のより好ましい下限は合計で0.0002%以上(更に好ましくは0.0005%以上)であり、より好ましい上限は合計で0.005%以下(更に好ましくは0.003%以下)である。
Ms点(℃)=550-361×[C]-39×[Mn]-10×[Cu]-17×[Ni]-20×[Cr]-5×[Mo]+30×[Al] …(3)
但し、[C],[Si],[Mn],[P],[Al],[Ti],[V],[Cr],[Mo],[Cu]および[Ni]は、夫々C,Si,Mn,P,Al,Ti,V,Cr,Mo,CuおよびNiの含有量(質量%)を示す。また、上記(2)式、(3)式の各項に示された元素が含まれない場合は、その項がないものとして計算する。
処理(2):熱間圧延鋼板を冷間圧延後(板厚:1.6mm)、熱処理シミュレータで連続溶融亜鉛めっきラインを模擬するため860℃に加熱した後、30℃/秒の平均冷却速度で400℃まで冷却し、保持後、めっき浴への浸漬-合金化処理を模擬するために更に500℃×10秒保持後、20℃/秒の平均冷却速度で室温まで冷却した。
抽出レプリカサンプルを作製し、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)にてTi含有析出物の透過型電子顕微鏡像(倍率:10万倍)を撮影した。このとき、エネルギー分散型X線分光器(EDX)により析出物の組成分析をすることによって、Ti含有析出物を特定した。少なくとも100個以上のTi含有析出物の面積を画像解析により測定し、円相当直径が30nm以下のものを抽出し、その平均値を析出物サイズとした。尚、表中には「Ti含有析出物の平均円相当直径」として示す。また、析出Ti量(質量%)-3.4[N](析出物として存在するTi量)は、メッシュ径:0.1μmのメッシュを用いて抽出残渣分析を行い(抽出処理の際に、析出物が凝集して微細な析出物も測定できる)、析出Ti量(質量%)-3.4[N](表3では析出Ti量-3.4[N]と表示)を求めた。尚、Ti含有析出物がVやNbを一部含有している場合は、これらの析出物の含有量についても
測定した。
JIS5号試験片を用いて引張試験を行い、引張強度(TS)、伸び(EL)を測定した。このとき、引張試験の歪速度:10mm/秒とした。本発明では、引張強度(TS)が1200MPa以上で伸び(EL)が13%以上、引張強度(TS)が1470MPa以上で伸び(EL)が11%以上、または引張強度(TS)が1800MPa以上で伸び(EL)が10%以上のいずれかを満足し、且つ強度-伸びバランス(TS×EL)が16000(MPa・%)以上のときに合格と評価した。
(1)成形品中の、ベイニティックフェライト、マルテンサイト、フェライトの組織については、鋼板をナイタールで腐食し、SEM(倍率:1000倍または2000倍)観察により、ベイニティックフェライト、マルテンサイト、フェライトを区別し、夫々の分率(面積率)を求めた。
(2)成形品中の残留オーステナイト分率、残留オーステナイト中の炭素量は、鋼板の1/4の厚さまで研削した後、化学研磨してからX線回折法によって測定した(例えば、ISJJ Int.Vol.33.(1933),No.7,P.776)。
本出願は、2012年3月9日出願の日本特許出願(特願2012-053849)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
2 ダイ
3 ブランクホルダー
4 鋼板(ブランク)
Claims (3)
- C :0.15~0.5%(質量%の意味。以下、化学成分組成について同じ。)、
Si:0.2~3%、
Mn:0.5~3%、
P :0.05%以下(0%を含まない)、
S :0.05%以下(0%を含まない)、
Al:0.01~1%、
B :0.0002~0.01%、
Ti:3.4[N]+0.01%以上、3.4[N]+0.1%以下[但し、[N]はNの含有量(質量%)を示す]、および
N :0.001~0.01%、
を夫々含有し、残部が鉄および不可避不純物からなり、
鋼板中に含まれるTi含有析出物のうち、円相当直径が30nm以下のものの平均円相当直径が3nm以上であると共に、鋼中の析出Ti量と全Ti量とが下記(1)式の関係を満足する熱間プレス用鋼板を、Ac3変態点以上、950℃以下の温度に加熱した後、プレス成形を開始し、下死点で保持して金型内で20℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度を確保しつつマルテンサイト変態開始温度Msよりも低い温度まで冷却することを特徴とするプレス成形品の製造方法。
析出Ti量(質量%)-3.4[N]≧0.5×[全Ti量(質量%)-3.4[N]] …(1)
((1)式中、[N]は鋼中のNの含有量(質量%)を示す) - 前記熱間プレス用鋼板は、更に他の元素として、下記(a)~(c)の少なくとも1つを含有するものである請求項1に記載のプレス成形品の製造方法。
(a)V,NbおよびZrよりなる群から選択される1種以上を合計で0.1%以下(0%を含まない)
(b)Cu,Ni,CrおよびMoよりなる群から選択される1種以上を合計で1%以下(0%を含まない)
(c)Mg,CaおよびREMよりなる群から選択される1種以上を合計で0.01%以下(0%を含まない) - 請求項1または2に記載の化学成分を有する鋼板のプレス成形品であって、前記成形品は、金属組織が、マルテンサイト:80~97面積%、残留オーステナイト:3~20面積%、残部組織:5面積%以下であり、且つ前記残留オーステナイト中の炭素量が0.50%以上であることを特徴とするプレス成形品。
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