WO2013129223A1 - ハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置 - Google Patents

ハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013129223A1
WO2013129223A1 PCT/JP2013/054300 JP2013054300W WO2013129223A1 WO 2013129223 A1 WO2013129223 A1 WO 2013129223A1 JP 2013054300 W JP2013054300 W JP 2013054300W WO 2013129223 A1 WO2013129223 A1 WO 2013129223A1
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Prior art keywords
generator
capacitor
motor
engine
voltage
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PCT/JP2013/054300
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康永 小林
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ナブテスコ株式会社
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Priority to US14/381,631 priority Critical patent/US20150061383A1/en
Priority to CN201380011308.XA priority patent/CN104136254A/zh
Priority to KR1020147026813A priority patent/KR20140130511A/ko
Publication of WO2013129223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013129223A1/ja

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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/907—Electricity storage, e.g. battery, capacitor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a start control device that controls start of an engine provided in a hybrid drive mechanism.
  • Equipment equipped with a hybrid drive mechanism has a generator in addition to the engine.
  • a motor is driven by this generator, and a driven part is driven by this motor.
  • a starter is used to drive the engine.
  • the use of the starter causes an increase in the cost of a device having a hybrid drive mechanism.
  • Patent Document 1 as a technology for starting an engine without using a starter, when there is a request for starting the engine while the vehicle is driven only by a motor, the driving force from the driving wheels of the vehicle is applied to the engine by the power split function. Communicating and starting the engine is disclosed.
  • the technique of Patent Document 1 it is necessary that the motor is rotating in order to start the engine. Therefore, the technique of Patent Document 1 cannot be used when the motor is not rotating, for example, when the entire hybrid drive mechanism is activated.
  • a charge / discharge device such as a battery is provided in the hybrid drive mechanism, the motor is started by the electric power discharged by the charge / discharge device, and the engine is started by the rotation of the motor.
  • the charging / discharging device is discharged when trying to start up the entire hybrid drive mechanism, the motor cannot be rotated and the engine cannot be started.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a start control device for a hybrid drive mechanism that can start an engine even when the charge / discharge device is discharged.
  • the start control device for a hybrid drive mechanism includes a generator.
  • This generator is connected to an engine to generate electric power and has a starter function for starting the engine.
  • the generator can be used as an electric motor.
  • An AC generator can be used as the generator.
  • the driven part is driven by the output of the engine.
  • Various types of driven parts can be used.
  • a hydraulic pump serving as a drive source for the crawler vehicle can be used as the driven part.
  • a drive wheel of a vehicle can also be used as the driven part.
  • the electric motor is driven by the electric power generated by the generator.
  • an electric motor what can be used also as a generator can be utilized.
  • An AC motor can also be used as the motor.
  • the electric motor can be used to turn and extend and retract the boom.
  • the electric motor can be used to drive the drive wheels.
  • the electric power generated by the generator is stored in a capacitor.
  • the capacitor can be charged.
  • a converter is disposed between the capacitor and the generator.
  • the converter is for charging the power generated by the generator into a capacitor, and for example, a converter that converts AC power into DC power can be used.
  • the converter can supply electric power for operating the generator as an electric motor from the capacitor to the generator.
  • This converter can be used together with another converter used for supplying driving power to the electric motor, and this converter and the other converter constitute an electric motor driving means, for example, a matrix converter. Can also be used.
  • a low voltage storage means is provided so as to be connectable to the capacitor.
  • the low voltage storage means for example, a battery can be used.
  • the rated voltage of the low voltage storage means is lower than the rated voltage of the capacitor.
  • a booster is disposed between the low voltage storage means and the capacitor. The booster is preferably capable of charging the low-voltage storage means via the converter, and can boost the voltage of the low-voltage storage means and supply power to the generator via the converter.
  • the hybrid drive mechanism start control apparatus configured as described above, when the engine is to be started, if the motor is not started and the capacitor is discharged, the voltage of the low-voltage storage means is passed through the booster. As a result, the electric motor is rotated and the engine is started by the rotation of the electric motor.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a start control device for a hybrid drive mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a start control device for a hybrid drive mechanism is obtained by implementing the present invention on a hybrid construction machine.
  • This hybrid construction machine has a generator, for example, a motor / generator 2.
  • the electric motor / generator 2 is driven as a generator by the engine 4 when the engine 4 is operating.
  • the electric motor / generator 2 is coupled to the engine 4.
  • the engine 4 is also coupled to a driven part, for example a pump 6.
  • the motor / generator 2 When the engine 4 is operating, the motor / generator 2 generates power and the pump 6 is also driven.
  • the pump 6 functions as a drive source for hydraulic actuators such as arm cylinders, boom cylinders, bucket cylinders, and traveling hydraulic motors of hybrid construction machines.
  • the electric motor / generator 2 can also operate as an electric motor. When the electric motor / generator 2 is operating as an electric motor, the engine 4 can be started when the engine 4 is stopped.
  • AC power is generated when the motor / generator 2 is driven by the engine 4.
  • This AC power is converted into AC power of a desired voltage value at a desired frequency by a motor driving means, for example, a converter provided in the indirect matrix converter 8, for example, a converter 10 and an inverter 12 provided in the indirect matrix converter 8.
  • a motor driving means for example, a converter provided in the indirect matrix converter 8, for example, a converter 10 and an inverter 12 provided in the indirect matrix converter 8.
  • an electric motor for example, a generator / motor 14.
  • the generator / motor 14 is rotated by the AC power from the indirect matrix converter 8.
  • the generator / motor 14 is coupled to the upper turning body via a turning mechanism (HRS) 16 in order to turn the upper turning body included in the hybrid construction machine.
  • HRS turning mechanism
  • the converter 10 and the inverter 12 are controlled by a control means, for example, a control device 18.
  • the control device 18 also controls the engine 4.
  • the converter 10 and the inverter 12 of the indirect matrix converter 10 each include a plurality of semiconductor switching elements such as IGBTs or FETs. These IGBTs or FETs are ON / OFF controlled by the control device 18, and the converter 10 converts the supplied AC voltage into an intermediate DC voltage.
  • the inverter 12 converts the intermediate DC voltage into an AC voltage having a desired frequency and a desired voltage, and supplies the AC voltage to the generator / motor 14.
  • an intermediate DC voltage that is the output of the converter 10 of the indirect matrix converter 10 is converted into an EDLC (electric double layer capacitor) via a converter, for example, a chopper 20.
  • the capacitor 22 is supplied and charged.
  • the chopper 20 is controlled by the control device 18 so that this charging is performed.
  • the chopper 18 includes at least one semiconductor switching element, for example, an IGBT or an FET, which is ON / OFF controlled by the controller 18.
  • the charging voltage of the capacitor 22 is supplied to the control device 18. When this charging voltage is lower than a predetermined capacitor charging start voltage for the capacitor 22, and as a result, the capacitor 22 is considerably discharged, the chopper 20 is controlled by the control device 18 to charge the capacitor 22. Is done. When the voltage of the capacitor 22 becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined capacitor charging stop voltage with respect to the capacitor 22, the charging voltage indicates that the capacitor 22 is fully charged. 18.
  • the capacitor charging stop voltage can be the same voltage as the capacitor charging start voltage, or can be higher than the capacitor charging start voltage.
  • the regenerative power of the generator / motor 14 is also used for charging the capacitor 22 via the inverter 12 and the chopper 20. In the case of a hybrid construction machine, a large regenerative electric power is generated in the generator / motor 14 in a short time, so that the capacitor 22 is preferably an EDLC with a short charging time.
  • the charging power of the capacitor 22 can also drive the motor / generator 2 as a motor through the chopper 20 and the converter 10.
  • the chopper 20 and the converter 10 not only charge the capacitor 22 with the electric power generated by the electric motor / generator 2 but also discharge the electric power of the capacitor 22 to the electric motor / generator 2, Or it operates as charge / discharge means.
  • the converter 10 and the chopper 20 are controlled by the control device 18 so that electric power is supplied from the capacitor 22 to the motor / generator 2, and the selected one of the IGBTs or FETs of the converter 10 and the chopper 20 is turned on. Then, the electric power of the capacitor 22 is supplied to the electric motor / generator 2.
  • the electric power of the capacitor 22 is supplied to the motor / generator 2 via the chopper 20 and the converter 10. Then, the motor / generator 2 can be rotated as an electric motor, and the engine 4 can be started by this rotation. That is, the electric motor / generator 2 also operates as a starter for the engine 4.
  • a low voltage storage means such as a battery 26 is connected between the chopper 20 and the capacitor 22 via a booster such as a chopper 24.
  • the chopper 24 also includes at least one semiconductor switching element such as an IGBT or FET, and has a boosting inductor or transformer, and is controlled to be turned on and off by the control device 18.
  • the battery 26 has a rated voltage lower than the rated voltage of the capacitor 22, and when the motor / generator 2 is operating as a generator, the motor / generator 2 via the choppers 22, 24 and the converter 10. Or by the regenerative electric power of the motor / generator 14 through the inverter 12 and the choppers 20 and 24.
  • the chopper 24 is also controlled by the control device 18.
  • the charging voltage of the battery 26 is supplied to the control device 18, and charging is performed when the voltage is lower than the battery charging start voltage determined for the battery 26.
  • the converter 10 or the inverter 12 and the choppers 22 and 24 are controlled in such a way that the converter 10 or the inverter 12
  • the choppers 22 and 24 are controlled.
  • the battery charging start voltage is set lower than the capacitor charging start voltage of the capacitor 22.
  • the battery charge stop voltage can be the same voltage as the battery charge start voltage, or can be a voltage higher than the battery charge start voltage. However, the battery charge stop voltage is set lower than the capacitor charge start voltage and the capacitor charge stop voltage.
  • the chopper 24 can also boost the voltage of the battery 26 to the same voltage as the voltage of the capacitor 22 and supply it to the motor / generator 2 via the chopper 20 and the converter 10.
  • the capacitor 22 may be discharged when the engine 4 is started.
  • EDLC EDLC is used as the capacitor 22
  • the use of the hybrid construction machine is stopped in the evening at the site where the hybrid construction machine is used, and the use of the hybrid construction machine is started in the morning of the next day, that is, only one night has passed.
  • the capacitor 22 may be discharged to such an extent that the engine 4 cannot be started.
  • power cannot be supplied from the capacitor 22 to the motor / generator 2 via the chopper 20 and the converter 10. Therefore, the control device 18 controls the chopper 24 to boost the voltage of the battery 26 to the voltage of the capacitor 22.
  • the boosted voltage is supplied to the motor / generator 2 via the chopper 20 and the converter 10.
  • the electric motor / generator 2 rotates as an electric motor, and the engine 4 also rotates.
  • the motor / generator 2 can be operated as a generator to charge the capacitor 22, or the generator / motor 14 can be operated as an electric motor via the indirect matrix converter 8. You can also. Since the battery 26 only needs to be able to drive the motor / generator 2 as a starter of the engine 4, a battery having a small capacity can be used. Charging the battery 26 is an obstacle to charging the capacitor 22. It will never be.
  • the generator / motor 14 swivels the upper swing body, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the generator / motor 14 can also be configured to drive the hydraulic pump 6.
  • the battery 26 is used as the low-voltage power storage means, but a capacitor may be used instead.
  • the converter 20 of the indirect matrix converter 8 is used as the converter.
  • the converter is not limited to this, and the AC-DC that converts the AC voltage generated by the motor / generator 2 into a DC voltage is used.
  • a transducer can also be used.
  • a DC-AC converter that converts the DC voltage of the AC-DC converter into an AC voltage is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)

Abstract

　エンジン（４）に連結された電動機兼発電機（２）が、発電を行うと共に、エンジン（４）のスタータ機能を備えている。エンジン（４）の出力によってポンプ（６）が駆動される。電動機兼発電機（２）で発電された電力により、インダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ（８）を介して発電機兼電動機（１４）が駆動される。発電機で発電された電力がコンデンサ２２にインダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ（８）のコンバータ（１０）及びチョッパ（２０）を介して蓄電される。コンデンサ（２２）にチョッパ（２４）を介してバッテリー（２６）が接続されている。

Description

ハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置
　本発明は、ハイブリッド駆動機構が備えるエンジンの始動を制御する始動制御装置に関する。
　ハイブリッド駆動機構を備えた機器は、エンジンの他に発電機を備えている。この発電機によってモータを駆動して、このモータによって被駆動部を駆動している。前記エンジンを駆動させるためにスタータを使用するが、スタータの使用はハイブリッド駆動機構を備えた機器のコストアップを招く。特許文献１には、スタータを使用せずにエンジンを起動する技術として、モータのみによる車両の走行中にエンジンの始動要求があると、動力分割機能によって車両の駆動輪からの駆動力をエンジンに伝達して、エンジンを始動することが開示されている。
日本特開２００７－５５２９１号公報
　特許文献１の技術によれば、エンジンを始動させるためには、モータが回転していることが必要である。従って、モータが回転していない状態、例えばハイブリッド駆動機構全体を起動させる場合には特許文献１の技術は使用不能である。例えばバッテリーのような充放電装置をハイブリッド駆動機構に備えておき、この充放電装置が放電した電力によってモータを起動して、モータの回転によってエンジンを始動させることも考えられる。しかし、このハイブリッド駆動機構全体を起動しようとしたときに、充放電装置が放電していると、モータを回転させることができず、エンジンの始動も行えない。
　本発明は、充放電装置が放電していても、エンジンの始動を行えるハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置を提供することを目的とする。
　本発明の一態様のハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置は、発電機を有している。この発電機は、エンジンに連結され、発電を行うと共に、前記エンジンの始動のスタータ機能を備えている。例えば発電機は、電動機としても使用可能なものである。また、発電機としては、交流発電機を使用することができる。前記エンジンの出力によって被駆動部が駆動される。被駆動部としては、種々のものを使用することができるが、例えばハイブリッド建設機械の場合、被駆動部としてクローラ車両の駆動源となる油圧ポンプを使用することができるし、ハイブリッド車両の場合、被駆動部として車両の駆動輪を使用することもできる。前記発電機で発電された電力により電動機が駆動される。電動機としては、発電機としても使用可能なものを利用できる。電動機も交流電動機を使用することができる。電動機は、例えばハイブリッド建設機械の場合、ブームを旋回させたり、伸縮させたりするのに使用することができる。また、ハイブリッド車両の場合、電動機は、駆動輪を駆動するのに使用することができる。前記発電機で発電された電力がコンデンサに蓄電される。コンデンサは充電可能なものである。前記コンデンサと前記発電機との間に変換器が配置されている。変換器は、発電機が発電した電力をコンデンサに充電するためのもので、例えば交流電力を直流電力に変換するものを使用することができる。また、この変換器は、コンデンサから発電機に、発電機を電動機として動作させるための電力を供給可能である。この変換器は、電動機に駆動電力を供給するために使用する別の変換器と共に使用することができ、この変換器と前記別の変換器とによって、電動機駆動手段、例えばマトリクスコンバータを構成するものを使用することもできる。電動機駆動手段としては、例えば交流－直流変換手段と、直流－交流変換手段との組合せを使用することもできる。前記コンデンサに接続可能に低圧蓄電手段が設けられている。低圧蓄電手段としては、例えばバッテリーを使用することができる。低圧蓄電手段の定格電圧は、コンデンサの定格電圧よりも低い。前記低圧蓄電手段と前記コンデンサとの間に昇圧器が配置されている。昇圧器は、変換器を介して低圧蓄電手段を充電可能であり、低圧蓄電手段の電圧を昇圧させて、変換器を介して発電機に電力を供給することができることが望ましい。
　このように構成されたハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置で、エンジンを起動しようとするとき、電動機も起動されて無く、かつコンデンサも放電されているとすると、低圧蓄電手段の電圧を昇圧器を介して昇圧して電動機に供給し、その結果、電動機を回転させ、電動機の回転によってエンジンを始動させる。
図１は、本発明の１実施形態のハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置のブロック図である。
　本発明の１実施形態のハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置は、ハイブリッド建設機械に、本発明を実施したものである。このハイブリッド建設機械は、発電機、例えば電動機兼発電機２を有している。この電動機兼発電機２は、エンジン４が動作しているとき、エンジン４によって発電機として駆動される。電動機兼発電機２は、エンジン４に結合されている。エンジン４は、被駆動部、例えばポンプ６にも結合されている。エンジン４が動作しているとき、電動機兼発電機２が発電すると共に、ポンプ６も駆動される。ポンプ６は、例えばハイブリッド建設機械のアームシリンダ、ブームシリンダ、バケットシリンダ、走行油圧モータ等の油圧アクチュエータの駆動源として機能する。また、電動機兼発電機２は、電動機としても動作可能で、電動機として動作しているとき、エンジン４が停止していると、エンジン４を起動することもできる。
　電動機兼発電機２がエンジン４によって駆動されたことによって交流電力を発生する。この交流電力は、電動機駆動手段、例えばインダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ８が備える変換器、例えばコンバータ１０と、インダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ８が備えるインバータ１２とによって、所望の周波数の所望の電圧値の交流電力に変換されて、電動機、例えば発電機兼電動機１４に供給される。このインダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ８からの交流電力によって、発電機兼電動機１４が回転する。発電機兼電動機１４は、ハイブリッド建設機械の場合、ハイブリッド建設機械が備える上部旋回体を旋回させるために、上部旋回体に旋回機構（ＨＲＳ）１６を介して結合されている。
　コンバータ１０及びインバータ１２は、制御手段、例えば制御装置１８によって制御される。制御装置１８は、エンジン４も制御している。
　インダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ１０のコンバータ１０及びインバータ１２は、それぞれ複数の半導体スイッチング素子、例えばＩＧＢＴまたはＦＥＴを含んでいる。これらＩＧＢＴまたはＦＥＴが制御装置１８によってオン、オフ制御され、コンバータ１０は、供給された交流電圧を中間直流電圧に変換する。インバータ１２は、この中間直流電圧を所望の周波数の所望の電圧の交流電圧に変換して、発電機兼電動機１４に供給する。
　電動機兼発電機２が発電機として回転しているとき、インダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ１０のコンバータ１０の出力である中間直流電圧が、変換器、例えばチョッパ２０を介してＥＤＬＣ（電気二重層コンデンサ）のようなコンデンサ２２に供給され、このコンデンサ２２を充電する。この充電が行われるようにチョッパ２０は制御装置１８によって制御される。このチョッパ１８は、少なくとも１つの半導体スイッチング素子、例えばＩＧＢＴまたはＦＥＴを含み、これが制御装置１８によってオン、オフ制御される。
　このコンデンサ２２の充電電圧が制御装置１８に供給されている。この充電電圧がコンデンサ２２に対して予め定めたコンデンサ充電開始電圧よりも低く、その結果、コンデンサ２２がかなり放電している場合には、チョッパ２０が制御装置１８によって制御されて、コンデンサ２２の充電が行われる。コンデンサ２２の電圧がコンデンサ２２に対して予め定めたコンデンサ充電停止電圧以上となると、充分に充電されていることを充電電圧が表しているので、充電が行われないように、チョッパ２０が制御装置１８によって制御される。なお、コンデンサ充電停止電圧は、コンデンサ充電開始電圧と同じ電圧とすることもできるし、コンデンサ充電開始電圧よりも大きい電圧とすることもできる。なお、発電機兼用電動機１４の回生電力も、インバータ１２及びチョッパ２０を介してコンデンサ２２の充電に使用される。ハイブリッド建設機械の場合、短時間で大きな回生電力が発電機兼用電動機１４において発生するので、コンデンサ２２としては、充電時間の短いＥＤＬＣが望ましい。
　コンデンサ２２の充電電力は、チョッパ２０及びコンバータ１０を介して電動機兼発電機２を電動機として駆動することもできる。即ち、チョッパ２０及びコンバータ１０は、電動機兼発電機２が発生した電力をコンデンサ２２に充電するだけでなく、コンデンサ２２の電力を電動機兼発電機２に放電することができる双方向電力通過手段、または充放電手段として動作する。コンデンサ２２から電動機兼発電機２に電力を供給するように、コンバータ１０とチョッパ２０とは、制御装置１８によって制御され、コンバータ１０及びチョッパ２０のＩＧＢＴまたはＦＥＴのうち選択されたものがオン状態とされて、コンデンサ２２の電力が、電動機兼発電機２に供給される。
　例えば、このハイブリッド建設機械のエンジン４も電動機兼発電機２も停止している状態において、エンジン４を起動する場合、コンデンサ２２の電力をチョッパ２０及びコンバータ１０を介して電動機兼発電機２に供給し、電動機兼発電機２を電動機として回転させて、この回転によってエンジン４を起動させることができる。即ち、電動機兼発電機２は、エンジン４に対するスタータとしても動作する。
　チョッパ２０とコンデンサ２２との間に昇圧器、例えばチョッパ２４を介して低圧蓄電手段、例えばバッテリー２６が接続されている。チョッパ２４も、少なくとも１つの半導体スイッチング素子、例えばＩＧＢＴまたはＦＥＴを含み、また、昇圧用のインダクタまたは変圧器を有し、制御装置１８によってオン、オフ制御される。
　バッテリー２６は、その定格電圧が、コンデンサ２２の定格電圧よりも低いもので、電動機兼発電機２が発電機として動作しているとき、チョッパ２２、２４及びコンバータ１０を介して電動機兼発電機２の電力によって、または電動機兼発電機１４の回生電力によってインバータ１２、チョッパ２０、２４を介して充電される。チョッパ２４も制御装置１８によって制御されており、例えばバッテリー２６の充電電圧を制御装置１８に供給し、その電圧がバッテリー２６に対して定めたバッテリー充電開始電圧よりも低い場合には充電が行われるようにコンバータ１０またはインバータ１２と、チョッパ２２、２４とが制御され、バッテリー２６に対して定めたバッテリー充電停止電圧よりも大きい場合には充電が停止されるように、コンバータ１０またはインバータ１２と、チョッパ２２、２４とが制御される。なお、バッテリー充電開始電圧は、コンデンサ２２のコンデンサ充電開始電圧よりも低く設定されている。バッテリー充電停止電圧は、バッテリー充電開始電圧と同じ電圧とすることもできるし、バッテリー充電開始電圧よりも大きい電圧とすることもできる。但し、バッテリー充電停止電圧は、コンデンサ充電開始電圧及びコンデンサ充電停止電圧よりも低く設定されている。
　また、チョッパ２４は、バッテリー２６の電圧を、例えばコンデンサ２２の電圧と同じ電圧に昇圧して、チョッパ２０及びコンバータ１０を介して電動機兼発電機２に供給することもできる。
　例えば、このハイブリッド建設機械がエンジン４も電動機兼発電機２も停止している状態において、エンジン４を起動しようとしたとき、コンデンサ２２が放電していることがある。コンデンサ２２としてＥＤＬＣを使用した場合、ハイブリッド建設機械の使用現場で夕方にハイブリッド建設機械の使用を中止し、翌日の午前中にハイブリッド建設機械の使用を開始しようとした場合、即ち一晩経過しただけで、エンジン４を起動することができない程にコンデンサ２２が放電することがある。この場合、コンデンサ２２から電動機兼発電機２にチョッパ２０及びコンバータ１０を介して電力を供給できない。そこで、制御装置１８がチョッパ２４を制御してバッテリー２６の電圧をコンデンサ２２の電圧まで昇圧する。この昇圧された電圧が、チョッパ２０及びコンバータ１０を介して電動機兼発電機２に供給される。その結果、電動機兼発電機２が電動機として回転し、エンジン４も回転する。エンジン４が動作したことにより、以後、電動機兼発電機２を発電機として動作させ、コンデンサ２２を充電することもできるし、発電機兼電動機１４をインダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ８を介して電動機として動作させることもできる。バッテリー２６は、エンジン４のスタータとして電動機兼発電機２を駆動することさえできればよいので、小容量のものを使用することができ、バッテリー２６への充電が、コンデンサ２２への充電に対して障害となることはない。
　上記の実施形態では、発電機兼電動機１４が上部旋回体を旋回させたが、これに限ったものではなく、発電機兼用電動機１４が油圧ポンプ６を駆動するように構成することもできる。上記の実施形態では、低圧蓄電手段としてバッテリー２６を使用したが、これに代えてコンデンサを使用することもできる。上記の実施形態では、変換器として、インダイレクトマトリクスコンバータ８のコンバータ２０を使用したが、これに限ったものではなく、電動機兼発電機２が発生する交流電圧を直流電圧に変換する交流－直流変換器を使用することもできる。この場合、発電機兼電動機１４を駆動するために、交流－直流変換器の直流電圧を交流電圧に変換する直流－交流変換器を使用する。

Claims (3)

  1. 　エンジンと、
    　前記エンジンに連結され、発電を行うと共に、前記エンジンの始動のスタータ機能を備えた発電機と、
    　前記エンジンの出力によって駆動される被駆動部と、
    　前記発電機で発電された電力により駆動される電動機と、
    　前記発電機で発電された電力が蓄電されるコンデンサと、
    　前記コンデンサと前記発電機との間に配置された変換器とを、
    備えたハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置において、
    　前記コンデンサに接続可能に設けられた低圧蓄電手段を備え、
    　前記低圧蓄電手段と前記コンデンサとの間に昇圧器を配置した
    ハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置。
  2. 　請求項１記載のハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置において、前記変換器は、前記発電機から前記コンデンサに電力を供給可能であり、かつ前記コンデンサから前記発電機に、前記発電機を電動機として動作させる電力を供給可能であるハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置。
  3. 　請求項２記載のハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置において、前記昇圧器によって電圧が昇圧された前記低圧蓄電手段の電力が、前記変換器を介して前記発電機に、前記発電機を電動機として動作させる電力として供給されるハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置。
PCT/JP2013/054300 2012-02-28 2013-02-21 ハイブリッド駆動機構の始動制御装置 WO2013129223A1 (ja)

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