CN104136254A - 混合驱动机构的启动控制装置 - Google Patents

混合驱动机构的启动控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104136254A
CN104136254A CN201380011308.XA CN201380011308A CN104136254A CN 104136254 A CN104136254 A CN 104136254A CN 201380011308 A CN201380011308 A CN 201380011308A CN 104136254 A CN104136254 A CN 104136254A
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China
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mentioned
cond
electrical generator
engine
electrical motor
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CN201380011308.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
小林康永
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Nabtesco Corp
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Nabtesco Corp
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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Abstract

与发动机(4)连结的电动机兼发电机(2)进行发电，并且具备发动机(4)的启动器功能。利用发动机(4)的输出来驱动泵(6)。利用由电动机兼发电机(2)发电得到的电力，经由间接矩阵变换器(8)驱动发电机兼电动机(14)。由发电机发电得到的电力经由间接矩阵变换器(8)的变换器(10)和斩波器(20)对电容器(22)进行蓄电。电池(26)经由斩波器(24)与电容器(22)连接。

Description

混合驱动机构的启动控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制混合驱动机构所具备的发动机的启动的启动控制装置。
背景技术
具备混合驱动机构的设备除了具备发动机以外，还具备发电机。通过该发电机驱动马达，通过该马达驱动被驱动部。使用启动器以驱动上述发动机，但启动器的使用会导致具备混合驱动机构的设备的成本提高。在专利文献1中，作为不使用启动器就启动发动机的技术，公开了在车辆只通过马达行驶的过程中存在发动机的启动请求时，通过动力分割功能将来自车辆的驱动轮的驱动力传递到发动机来启动发动机。
专利文献1：日本特开2007-55291号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
根据专利文献1的技术，为了使发动机启动，需要马达旋转。因而，在马达不旋转的状态、例如使混合驱动机构整体启动的情况下，无法使用专利文献1的技术。例如，也考虑在混合驱动机构中具备电池那样的充放电装置，利用该充放电装置放电得到的电力来驱动马达，通过马达的旋转使发动机启动。但是，如果在要使该混合驱动机构整体启动时充放电装置进行放电，则无法使马达旋转，也无法进行发动机的启动。
本发明的目的在于提供一种混合驱动机构的启动控制装置，即使充放电装置进行放电，也能够进行发动机的启动。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明的一个方式的混合驱动机构的启动控制装置具备发电机。该发电机与发动机连结，进行发电，并且具备启动上述发动机的启动器功能。例如，发电机也能够作为电动机来进行使用。另外，作为发电机，能够使用交流发电机。利用上述发动机的输出驱动被驱动部。作为被驱动部，能够使用各种部件，但例如能够在混合建筑机械的情况下使用成为履带车辆的驱动源的油压泵作为被驱动部，也能够在混合车辆的情况下使用车辆的驱动轮作为被驱动部。利用上述发电机发电得到的电力驱动电动机。作为电动机，能够利用还可用作发电机的设备。电动机也能够使用交流电动机。例如在混合建筑机械的情况下，电动机能够用于使动臂回转或伸缩。另外，在混合车辆的情况下，电动机能够用于对驱动轮进行驱动。由上述发电机发电得到的电力被蓄积到电容器。电容器能够进行充电。将变换器配置在上述电容器与上述发电机之间。变换器用于将由发电机发电得到的电力充入电容器，例如能够使用将交流电变换为直流电的变换器。另外，该变换器能够将用于使发电机作为电动机进行动作的电力从电容器供给到发电机。该变换器能够与用于向电动机供给驱动电力的其它变换器一起使用，还能够使用由该变换器和上述其它变换器构成电动机驱动单元、例如矩阵变换器的部件。作为电动机驱动单元，例如还能够使用交流-直流变换单元和直流-交流变换单元的组合。能够与上述电容器连接地设置有低压蓄电单元。作为低压蓄电单元，例如能够使用电池。低压蓄电单元的额定电压比电容器的额定电压低。在上述低压蓄电单元与上述电容器之间配置有升压器。优选升压器能够经由变换器对低压蓄电单元进行充电，能够使低压蓄电单元的电压升压并经由变换器向发电机供给电力。
如果在要以这样构成的混合驱动机构的启动控制装置启动发动机时，既不启动电动机，并且电容器还放电，则经由升压器使低压蓄电单元的电压升压并向电动机供给，其结果，使电动机旋转，通过电动机的旋转使发动机启动。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式的混合驱动机构的启动控制装置的框图。
具体实施方式
本发明的一个实施方式的混合驱动机构的启动控制装置对混合建筑机械实施本发明。该混合建筑机械具有发电机、例如电动机兼发电机2。该电动机兼发电机2在发动机4进行动作时，作为发电机而被发动机4驱动。电动机兼发电机2与发动机4结合。发动机4还与被驱动部、例如泵6结合。在发动机4进行动作时，电动机兼发电机2发电，并且还驱动泵6。泵6例如作为混合建筑机械的斗杆缸、动臂缸、铲斗缸、行进液压马达等油压致动器的驱动源而发挥功能。另外，电动机兼发电机2还能够作为电动机进行动作，如果在作为电动机进行动作时发动机4停止，则也能够启动发动机4。
通过由发动机4驱动电动机兼发电机2，来产生交流电。通过电动机驱动单元、例如间接矩阵变换器8所具备的变换器、例如变换器10和间接矩阵变换器8所具备的逆变器12，将该交流电变换为期望频率的期望电压值的交流电，并供给到电动机、例如发电机兼电动机14。发电机兼电动机14由于来自该间接矩阵变换器8的交流电而旋转。在混合建筑机械的情况下，为了使混合建筑机械所具备的上部回转体进行回转，发电机兼电动机14经由回转机构(HRS)16与上部回转体结合。
变换器10和逆变器12被控制单元、例如控制装置18所控制。控制装置18还控制发动机4。
间接矩阵变换器10的变换器10和逆变器12分别包括多个半导体开关元件、例如IGBT或FET。这些IGBT或FET被控制装置18控制导通/截止，变换器10将所供给的交流电压变换为中间直流电压。逆变器12将该中间直流电压变换为期望频率的期望电压的交流电压，并供给到发电机兼电动机14。
在电动机兼发电机2作为发电机而旋转时，经由变换器、例如斩波器20向EDLC(双电层电容器)那样的电容器22供给间接矩阵变换器10的变换器10的输出、即中间直流电压，来对该电容器22进行充电。斩波器20被控制装置18控制使得进行该充电。该斩波器18包括至少一个半导体开关元件、例如IGBT或FET，其被控制装置18控制导通/截止。
该电容器22的充电电压被供给到控制装置18。该充电电压比针对电容器22预先确定的电容器充电开始电压低，其结果，在电容器22进行相当的放电的情况下，斩波器20被控制装置18所控制，来进行电容器22的充电。在电容器22的电压成为针对电容器22预先确定的电容器充电停止电压以上时，充电电压表示充分进行了充电，因此斩波器20被控制装置18控制使得不进行充电。此外，电容器充电停止电压既可以是与电容器充电开始电压相同的电压，也可以是比电容器充电开始电压大的电压。此外，发电机兼电动机14的再生电力也经由逆变器12和斩波器20被用于电容器22的充电。在混合建筑机械的情况下，在发电机兼电动机14中短时间地产生大的再生电力，因此优选充电时间短的EDLC作为电容器22。
电容器22的充电电力也能够经由斩波器20和变换器10来将电动机兼发电机2作为电动机进行驱动。即，斩波器20和变换器10作为双向通电单元或充放电单元而进行动作，该双向通电单元能够不只向电容器22充入由电动机兼发电机2产生的电力，还向电动机兼发电机2放出电容器22的电力。变换器10和斩波器20被控制装置18控制使得从电容器22向电动机兼发电机2供给电力，变换器10以及斩波器20的IGBT或FET中的被选择的IGBT或FET成为导通状态，从而电容器22的电力被供给到电动机兼发电机2。
例如，在该混合建筑机械的发动机4和电动机兼发电机2都停止的状态下启动发动机4的情况下，经由斩波器20和变换器10向电动机兼发电机2供给电容器22的电力，使电动机兼发电机2作为电动机进行旋转，通过该旋转能够使发动机4启动。即，电动机兼发电机2也作为对发动机4的启动器而进行动作。
在斩波器20与电容器22之间，经由升压器、例如斩波器24连接有低压蓄电单元、例如电池26。斩波器24也包括至少一个半导体开关元件、例如IBGT或FET，另外具有升压用的电感或变压器，并且被控制装置18控制导通/截止。
电池26的额定电压比电容器22的额定电压低，在电动机兼发电机2作为发电机进行动作时，利用电动机兼发电机2的电力经由斩波器22、24和变换器10对电池26进行充电，或者利用电动机兼发电机14的再生电力经由逆变器12、斩波器20、24对电池26进行充电。斩波器24也被控制装置18控制，例如向控制装置18供给电池26的充电电压，在该电压比针对电池26而定的电池充电开始电压低的情况下，对变换器10和斩波器22、24、或者逆变器12和斩波器22、24进行控制使得进行充电，在该电压比针对电池26而定的电池充电停止电压大的情况下，对变换器10和斩波器22、24、或者逆变器12和斩波器22、24进行控制使得停止充电。此外，将电池充电开始电压设定得比电容器22的电容器充电开始电压低。电池充电停止电压既可以设为与电池充电开始电压相同的电压，也可以设为比电池充电开始电压大的电压。但是，将电池充电停止电压设定得比电容器充电开始电压和电容器充电停止电压低。
另外，斩波器24也能够将电池26的电压例如升压到与电容器22的电压相同的电压，并经由斩波器20和变换器10供给到电动机兼发电机2。
例如，在该混合建筑机械要在发动机4和电动机兼发电机2都停止的状态下启动发动机4时，有时电容器22正在放电。在使用EDLC作为电容器22的情况下，存在以下情况：在混合建筑机械的使用现场晚上中止使用混合建筑机械而要在翌日的上午开始使用混合建筑机械的情况下，即只经过一晚，电容器22就放电到无法启动发动机4的程度。在该情况下，无法从电容器22经由斩波器20和变换器10向电动机兼发电机2供给电力。因此，控制装置18控制斩波器24使电池26的电压升压至电容器22的电压。该升压后的电压经由斩波器20和变换器10被供给到电动机兼发电机2。其结果，电动机兼发电机2作为电动机进行旋转，发动机4也进行旋转。通过发动机4进行动作，以后既可以使电动机兼发电机2作为发电机进行动作，对电容器22进行充电，也可以使发电机兼电动机14经由间接矩阵变换器8作为电动机进行动作。电池26只要能够作为发动机4的启动器而驱动电动机兼发电机2即可，因此能够使用小容量的电池，对电池26的充电不会妨碍对电容器22的充电。
在上述实施方式中，发电机兼电动机14使上部回转体回转，但并不限于此，也能够构成为发电机兼电动机14驱动油压泵6。在上述实施方式中，使用电池26作为低压蓄电单元，但也能够使用电容器来代替它。在上述实施方式中，使用间接矩阵变换器8的变换器20作为变换器，但并不限于此，也能够使用将由电动机兼发电机2产生的交流电压变换为直流电压的交流-直流变换器。在该情况下，为了驱动发电机兼电动机14，使用将交流-直流变换器的直流电压变换为交流电压的直流-交流变换器。

Claims (3)

1.一种混合驱动机构的启动控制装置，其具备：
发动机；
发电机，其与上述发动机连结，进行发电，并且具备启动上述发动机的启动器功能；
被驱动部，其被上述发动机的输出所驱动；
电动机，其被由上述发电机发电得到的电力所驱动；
电容器，其蓄积由上述发电机发电得到的电力；以及
变换器，其配置在上述电容器与上述发电机之间，
该混合驱动机构的启动控制装置还具备低压蓄电单元，该低压蓄电单元设置成能够与上述电容器连接，
在上述低压蓄电单元与上述电容器之间配置有升压器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合驱动机构的启动控制装置，其特征在于，
上述变换器能够将电力从上述发电机供给到上述电容器，并且能够将用于使上述发电机作为电动机进行动作的电力从上述电容器供给到上述发电机。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合驱动机构的启动控制装置，其特征在于，
经由上述变换器向上述发电机供给通过上述升压器对电压进行升压后的上述低压蓄电单元的电力，来作为用于使上述发电机作为电动机进行动作的电力。
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