WO2013124962A1 - 鉄道車両 - Google Patents
鉄道車両 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013124962A1 WO2013124962A1 PCT/JP2012/054038 JP2012054038W WO2013124962A1 WO 2013124962 A1 WO2013124962 A1 WO 2013124962A1 JP 2012054038 W JP2012054038 W JP 2012054038W WO 2013124962 A1 WO2013124962 A1 WO 2013124962A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pair
- joined
- corner
- vehicle
- reinforcing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/02—Construction details of vehicle bodies reducing air resistance by modifying contour ; Constructional features for fast vehicles sustaining sudden variations of atmospheric pressure, e.g. when crossing in tunnels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/06—End walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D15/00—Other railway vehicles, e.g. scaffold cars; Adaptations of vehicles for use on railways
- B61D15/06—Buffer cars; Arrangements or construction of railway vehicles for protecting them in case of collisions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/08—Sides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F1/00—Underframes
- B61F1/02—Underframes with a single central sill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F1/00—Underframes
- B61F1/08—Details
- B61F1/10—End constructions
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a railway vehicle, and more particularly to a structure of a leading structure in a railway vehicle having a streamlined leading shape.
- the railway car body has a side structure and a wife structure joined to the four sides of the underframe, a roof structure is joined to the top of the side structure and the wife structure, and an outer panel, floor board, interior material, door, It is formed with a window.
- the frame body is covered with a large part of the strength of the vehicle body, so when lifting the vehicle body with a crane, a special suspension is engaged with the frame or the vehicle to lift it. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
- reinforcement of the head structure and the wife structure is also performed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the reinforcement of the head structure, the wife structure, and the underframe is mainly for the external force at the time of a collision applied from the front of the vehicle body, and the reinforcement for the external force from the upper side and the reinforcement for the roof structure are hardly performed. It was.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a railway vehicle having a leading structure having a structure in which a body of a railway vehicle having a streamline shape at the leading portion can be easily lifted by a crane.
- the railway vehicle of the present invention is a railway vehicle in which a car body is formed by joining a head structure and a wife structure having a streamline shape to both ends of a base frame, a side structure, and a roof structure, respectively.
- the top structure includes a pair of corner pillars whose lower half portions are joined to a pair of corner pillar reinforcing members respectively erected on both ends of the end beams of the underframe, and whose upper half portions are inclined toward the rear of the vehicle body.
- An upper reinforcing beam in the vehicle body width direction that is joined and spanned between the upper ends of the pair of corner pillars, and a pair of end pillar reinforcing members that are erected on the inner sides of both corner pillars of the end beams.
- a pair of end posts that are joined to each other, the upper half is inclined toward the rear of the vehicle body, extends horizontally from the upper end of the inclination toward the rear of the vehicle body, and the rear end is joined to the upper reinforcing beam.
- the adjacent corner column reinforcing member and the end column reinforcing portion A front reinforcing member to be connected to each other and between the pillar post reinforcing members in the vehicle body width direction, and a pair of connecting members to respectively connect the upper portions of the pair of pillar posts and the front end portion of the roof structure.
- the upper reinforcing beam has a strength capable of lifting the vehicle body from above.
- the railway vehicle of the present invention is characterized in that the upper reinforcing beam is provided with a lifting portion for lifting with a crane, and the lower end portion of the end post reinforcing member is joined to the front surface of the end beam. Yes.
- the upper reinforcing beam joined to the pair of corner pillars and the pair of post pillars is arranged at the upper rear of the head structure. Can be lifted easily. Further, not only the front part of the top structure but also the vicinity of the joint part with the roof structure can be reinforced. Further, by providing a lifting portion, for example, an eye bolt or a screwing portion of the eye bolt, on the upper reinforcing beam, it is possible to easily wire the vehicle when lifting the vehicle body with a crane. In addition, by joining the lower ends of the corner column reinforcement member and the end column reinforcement member to the front surface of the end beam, the external force applied to the corner column and the end column can be transmitted to the frame, and the deformation of the top structure can be performed. Can be suppressed.
- a lifting portion for example, an eye bolt or a screwing portion of the eye bolt
- FIG. 5 is a VV arrow view of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line VII-VII in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line XI-XI in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. It is XIV-XIV sectional drawing of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XV-XV in FIG. 13. It is XVI-XVI sectional drawing of FIG.
- This embodiment shows a leading vehicle 10 having a streamline at the front end of the vehicle body as shown in FIG.
- the vehicle structure 11 forming the leading vehicle 10 includes a frame 20, a pair of left and right side structures 30 provided on both sides of the frame 20, and a leading structure 40 provided on both ends of the frame 20 and the side structure 30, respectively.
- the roof structure 60 provided so as to cover the upper side of the side structure 30, the head structure 40, and the wife structure 50.
- the top structure 40 has an upper half inclined rearward and both sides. The part is formed in a streamline shape inclined backward.
- the frame 20 includes a pair of left and right side beams 21 arranged in the rail direction (vehicle body longitudinal direction), a pair of front and rear pillow beams 22 arranged in the sleeper direction (vehicle body width direction) near both front and rear ends, A middle beam 23 provided in parallel to the side beam 21 at the center of the frame 20, a plurality of cross beams 24 connecting the side beam 21 and the middle beam 23 in the sleeper direction, and a middle beam on both ends of the pillow beam 22 on the vehicle body side 23, and end beams 25 provided at the respective tips.
- the end beam 25 has a main end beam 25a corresponding to the vehicle body width continuous in the direction of the sleepers, and reinforcing end beams 25b respectively provided on both sides of the front surface of the main end beam 25a. Further, a connector support frame 26 is provided at the vehicle end side lower portion of the intermediate beam 23. Further, the end beam 25 at the end of the undercarriage 20 on the side of the top structure is provided with a pair of left and right corner column reinforcing members 27 and 28 each having a height about half the height of the vehicle body. In the center of the front surface of the main end beam 25a between the reinforcing end beams 25b and 25b, a concave portion 29 having an open front surface for mounting the shock absorbing member is provided.
- the side structure 30 includes a plurality of side pillars 31 in the vertical direction, a plurality of bone members 32 in the front-rear direction of the vehicle body, a door frame portion 33 that forms an opening for entrance and exit, and a window that forms an opening for side windows. And a frame portion 34.
- the side column 31 is bent into a shape in which a lower part is inclined from the middle in the vertical direction toward the inside of the vehicle body in order to correspond to the shape of the bottom diaphragm of the leading vehicle 10. Further, the lower end portion of the side column 31 is joined to the outer surface of the side beam 21 on the lower projecting piece 21 a projecting laterally from the lower end of the side beam 21 via the joining member 35.
- the head structure 40 is provided with a driver's cab at the center in the vehicle body width direction, and the full width in the sleeper direction is provided at the junction between the rear upper end of the front structure 40 and the upper end of the side structure 30.
- An upper reinforcing beam 41 is provided.
- a pair of corner pillars 42, 42 at both ends in the width direction in which lower half portions are joined to the corner pillar reinforcing member 27 of the end beam 25, and the corner pillars 42, 42 has a pair of end pillars 43 and 43 in the middle part in the width direction in which the lower half part is joined to the end post reinforcing member 28 of the end beam 25.
- the corner column 42 has an upper half portion inclined toward the rear of the vehicle body, and the upper reinforcing beam 41 is stretched over the upper ends of the corner columns 42 and 42.
- the upper half part inclines toward the vehicle body back, it is extended in the horizontal direction toward the vehicle body back from the inclination upper end, and the rear-end part is joined to the front surface of the said upper reinforcement beam 41 .
- a front reinforcing panel 44 that covers the lower half of the leading structure 40 is provided between the corner post 42 and the end post 43 and between the end posts 43.
- the front reinforcing panel 44 is formed by vertical bones 44 a, horizontal bones 44 b and a front panel 44 c, and a front window opening 45 is provided on the upper side of the front reinforcing panel 44.
- the end structure 50 on the connecting surface side is formed in a flat plate shape, and a through-hole opening (not shown) is provided at the center in the width direction.
- the roof structure 60 is joined to a pair of long girders 61 arranged in the rail direction on both sides, a plurality of rafters 62 in the direction of sleepers joined perpendicularly to the long girders 61, and the outer surface side of the rafters 62.
- the long girder 61 is joined to the upper end of the side structure 30, and the rafters 62 at both front and rear ends are joined to the upper end of the leading structure 40 and the upper end of the end structure 50, respectively.
- the both sides of the front end of the roof structure 60 and the upper part of the front end of the side structure 30 are integrally joined to both ends of the upper reinforcing beam 41.
- the front end of the roof structure 60 and the upper part of the end post 43 are connected by a connecting member 64.
- the corner column reinforcing member 27 is formed in an L-shaped cross section.
- the corner column reinforcing member 27 protrudes toward the rear and inward of the vehicle body at the lower part of the corner column reinforcing member 27.
- the upper surface of the main end beam 25a and the upper surface of the reinforcing end beam 25b Reinforcing protrusions 27a and 27b to be joined to each other are provided.
- the corner column 42 includes a front member 42a disposed on the front surface of the corner column reinforcing member 27, a side member 42b disposed on the outer surface of the corner column reinforcing member 27, an outer edge of the front member 42a, and a front edge of the side member 42b.
- the upper half portion of the corner post 42 is inclined to the rear of the vehicle body in accordance with the inclination of the streamline shape, and the upper end portion is joined to both end portions of the upper reinforcing beam 41 via the joining member 47. Has been.
- the post column reinforcement member 28 has a long rectangular cross section in the front-rear direction in order to withstand impacts from the front.
- the lower part of the post column reinforcing member 28 is joined from the front surface of the main end beam 25a to the front surface of the coupler support frame 26 through a slit 25c provided in the reinforcing end beam 25b protruding forward.
- a reinforcing projection 28a joined to the upper surface of the main end beam 25a is provided at the rear part of the end post reinforcing member 28.
- the post 43 is made of a solid material made of steel.
- the lower post 43a is connected to the post reinforcing member 28 in the vertical direction, and the upper part is located on the inner side of the front window 15 and the upper part is rearward.
- the window opening column part 43b inclined toward the upper side and the horizontal upper column part 43c whose rear end is joined to the upper reinforcing beam 41 are provided.
- the lower column portion 43 a has a rectangular cross section that is long in the same front-rear direction as the wife column reinforcement member 28 in preparation for an impact from the front, similarly to the wife column reinforcement member 28.
- the lower column part 43a is joined with two attachment members 46 having an L-shaped cross section arranged around the side of the upper half of the end of the end post reinforcement member 28. 43 a is joined to the end beam 25 via a post column reinforcement member 28.
- the window opening column part 43b is provided in a state where the upper part is inclined rearward of the vehicle body in accordance with the streamlined inclination from the upper end of the lower column part 43a.
- the window opening pillar portion 43b is formed so that the width dimension in the rail direction (front-rear direction) is smaller than the width dimension in the rail direction of the lower pillar portion 43a.
- two window members having the same thickness as the end pillar reinforcing member 28 are bonded together to form one window opening pillar portion 43b.
- the upper column portion 43 c extends in the horizontal direction from the rear upper end portion of the window opening column portion 43 b toward the upper reinforcement beam 41, and the rear end portion is joined to the upper reinforcement beam 41 via the joining member 48. .
- the upper column part 43c has the same cross-sectional shape as the window opening column part 43b.
- an outer plate 12 having a shape corresponding to each structure is attached to the outside of each structure, and the interior and exterior of each structure includes various equipment and seats including interiors and interiors.
- the door frame portion 33 is provided with a passenger door 13, and the window frame portion 34 is provided with a side window 14.
- a front window 15 is provided in the front vertical direction middle portion of the front structure 40, and a crew member window 16 is provided on a side surface of the front structure 40.
- a connecting hood 17 is provided around the opening for the through hole of the wife structure 50.
- a coupler 18 supported by the coupler support frame 26 is provided at both lower ends of the vehicle body, and an anti-climmer 19 is provided at the lower front portion.
- the upper portion joined to the corner post 42 and the end post 43 at the rear side upper end portion of the top structure 40.
- the strength of the leading structure 40 is increased. It can be greatly improved.
- the strength of the upper reinforcing beam 41, the joint strength between the corner post 42 and the end post 43, and the joint strength between the side structure 30 and the roof structure 60 are set to strengths at which the vehicle body can be lifted via the upper reinforcing beam 41.
- the leading portion of the railway vehicle 10 having a streamline shape can be easily lifted with a crane or the like.
- the connecting the roof structure 60 with the connecting member 64 the bonding strength of the roof structure 60 can be improved.
- eyebolts and hooks that protrude on the roof at both ends of the upper reinforcing beam 41, or by providing screwed portions of eyebolts, they can be easily used as lifting parts by cranes. It is possible to carry out the lifting work with a crane such as a wire hook in a short time. Therefore, it is possible to return or eliminate the derailed railcar on the track only by arranging a general crane vehicle, and it is possible to greatly shorten the restoration work time.
- the joint strength of the post column 43 with respect to external force due to a collision from the front surface is sufficient. It is possible to prevent the end pillar 25 connecting the end beam 25 and the upper reinforcing beam 41 from being deformed by an external force. Further, by providing a front reinforcing panel 44 on the lower half of the corner post 42 joined to the corner post reinforcement member 27 and the post post 43 joined to the end post reinforcement member 28, the strength of the front of the vehicle body is improved.
- the streamlined railway vehicle 10 provided with the cab at the center in the vehicle body width direction, it is provided at the front end portion of the front structure 40 and is positioned on both sides of the cab in front of the front window 15.
- the width dimension in the rail direction of the window opening column part 43b is reduced, the driver's field of view through the front window 15 is not greatly hindered by the window opening column part 43b, and the field of view of the driver during driving is reduced. Can be in a good state.
- sufficient strength can be obtained even if the cross-sectional dimension of the window opening column part 43b is small by forming the end pillar 43 including the window opening column part 43b with a solid steel material.
- the rail car can be easily lifted by a crane by providing the same upper reinforcing beam in the wife structure.
- SYMBOLS 10 Lead vehicle, 11 ... Vehicle structure, 12 ... Outer plate, 13 ... Entrance door, 14 ... Side window, 15 ... Front window, 16 ... Crew window, 17 ... Connecting top, 18 ... Coupler, 19 ... Anti-climate 20 ... Underframe, 21 ... Side beams, 21a ... Lower protruding pieces, 22 ... Pillow beams, 23 ... Middle beams, 24 ... Lateral beams, 25 ... End beams, 25a ... Main end beams, 25b ... Reinforced end beams, 25c ... Slit, 26 ... Connector support frame, 27 ... Corner column reinforcement member, 27a, 27b ... Reinforcement projection, 28 ...
- Tub column reinforcement member, 28a ... Reinforcement projection, 29 ... Recess, 30 ... Side structure, 31 ... Side column 32 ... Bone member, 33 ... Door frame portion, 34 ... Window frame portion, 35 ... Joining member, 40 ... Leading structure, 41 ... Upper reinforcing beam, 42 ... Corner pillar, 42a ... Front material, 42b ... Side material, 42c ... Outer surface material, 42d ... Inner surface material, 42e ... Internal reinforcement, 43 ... Tub pillar, 43a ... Lower pillar portion, 43b ... Opening column part, 43c ... Upper pillar part, 44 ... Front reinforcing panel, 44a ... Longitudinal bone, 44b ... Horizontal bone, 44c ...
- Front panel 45 ... Front window opening, 46 ... Attachment member, 47 ... Joining member, 48 ... joining member, 50 ... wife structure, 60 ... roof structure, 61 ... long girder, 62 ... rafter, 63 ... roof, 64 ... connecting member
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (3)
- 流線形状を有する先頭構体と妻構体とを、台枠、側構体及び屋根構体の両端にそれぞれ接合して車体を形成した鉄道車両において、前記先頭構体は、前記台枠の端梁の両端部にそれぞれ立設した一対の隅柱補強部材に下半部がそれぞれ接合され、上半部が車体後方に向かって傾斜した一対の隅柱と、該一対の隅柱の上端部同士に接合されて掛け渡された車体幅方向の上部補強梁と、前記端梁における両隅柱の内側にそれぞれ立設した一対の妻柱補強部材に下半部がそれぞれ接合され、上半部が車体後方に向かって傾斜するとともに傾斜上端から車体後方に向かって水平方向に延出して後端部が前記上部補強梁にそれぞれ接合された一対の妻柱と、隣接する前記隅柱補強部材と前記妻柱補強部材との間及び妻柱補強部材同士の間を車体幅方向に連結する連結する前面補強部材と、前記一対の妻柱の上部と前記屋根構体の前端部とをそれぞれ連結する一対の連結部材とを備え、前記上部補強梁は、上方から車体を吊り上げ可能な強度を有している鉄道車両。
- 前記上部補強梁は、クレーンで吊り上げるための吊り上げ部を備えている請求項1記載の鉄道車両。
- 前記妻柱補強部材は、下端部が前記端梁の前面に接合されている請求項1又は2記載の鉄道車両。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2012/054038 WO2013124962A1 (ja) | 2012-02-21 | 2012-02-21 | 鉄道車両 |
US14/379,969 US9242656B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 | 2012-02-21 | Rolling stock |
JP2014500776A JP5758044B2 (ja) | 2012-02-21 | 2012-02-21 | 鉄道車両 |
CA2864447A CA2864447C (en) | 2012-02-21 | 2012-02-21 | Rolling stock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/054038 WO2013124962A1 (ja) | 2012-02-21 | 2012-02-21 | 鉄道車両 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013124962A1 true WO2013124962A1 (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
Family
ID=49005185
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2012/054038 WO2013124962A1 (ja) | 2012-02-21 | 2012-02-21 | 鉄道車両 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US9242656B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5758044B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2864447C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013124962A1 (ja) |
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CN103770798A (zh) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-07 | 唐山轨道客车有限责任公司 | 列车前端结构及列车 |
CN107804330A (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-03-16 | 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 | 动车组卧铺包间间壁安装装置 |
CN109808719A (zh) * | 2017-11-21 | 2019-05-28 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | 一种车厢、头车厢、中间车厢和列车 |
JP2020066376A (ja) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | 日本車輌製造株式会社 | 鉄道車両 |
JP2021000937A (ja) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-01-07 | 東海旅客鉄道株式会社 | 台車回転治具及び台車の回転方法 |
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JP5808430B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-02 | 2015-11-10 | 日本車輌製造株式会社 | 鉄道車両 |
WO2013124962A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-29 | 日本車輌製造株式会社 | 鉄道車両 |
JP6243596B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-05 | 2017-12-06 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 鉄道車両 |
CA2999539A1 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2018-10-07 | Trinity Industries, Inc. | Railcar reinforcement device |
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CN109177994B (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2024-05-28 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | 车端骨架结构及具有其的轨道车辆 |
CN109177995B (zh) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-04-14 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | 车端骨架结构及具有其的轨道车辆 |
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JP7123742B2 (ja) | 2018-10-26 | 2022-08-23 | 日本車輌製造株式会社 | 鉄道車両 |
JP2021000937A (ja) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-01-07 | 東海旅客鉄道株式会社 | 台車回転治具及び台車の回転方法 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5758044B2 (ja) | 2015-08-05 |
JPWO2013124962A1 (ja) | 2015-05-21 |
US20150040793A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
CA2864447C (en) | 2016-07-26 |
CA2864447A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
US9242656B2 (en) | 2016-01-26 |
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