WO2013123683A1 - 一种碾丝机和一种人造木材的生产系统 - Google Patents

一种碾丝机和一种人造木材的生产系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013123683A1
WO2013123683A1 PCT/CN2012/072334 CN2012072334W WO2013123683A1 WO 2013123683 A1 WO2013123683 A1 WO 2013123683A1 CN 2012072334 W CN2012072334 W CN 2012072334W WO 2013123683 A1 WO2013123683 A1 WO 2013123683A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
milling machine
wood
friction belt
roller
production system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/072334
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴武兵
Original Assignee
Dai Wubing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dai Wubing filed Critical Dai Wubing
Priority to JP2014557963A priority Critical patent/JP2015508030A/ja
Priority to US14/380,651 priority patent/US20150165643A1/en
Publication of WO2013123683A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013123683A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/007—Combined with manufacturing a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/005—Tools therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L11/00—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor
    • B27L11/08—Manufacture of wood shavings, chips, powder, or the like; Tools therefor of wood fibres, e.g. produced by tearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
    • B27L5/00—Manufacture of veneer ; Preparatory processing therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/24—Moulding or pressing characterised by using continuously acting presses having endless belts or chains moved within the compression zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B3/00—Presses characterised by the use of rotary pressing members, e.g. rollers, rings, discs
    • B30B3/04—Presses characterised by the use of rotary pressing members, e.g. rollers, rings, discs co-operating with one another, e.g. with co-operating cones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
    • B30B5/04—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band
    • B30B5/06—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band co-operating with another endless band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B7/00—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members
    • B30B7/02—Presses characterised by a particular arrangement of the pressing members having several platens arranged one above the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/06—Making particle boards or fibreboards, with preformed covering layers, the particles or fibres being compressed with the layers to a board in one single pressing operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/20—Moulding or pressing characterised by using platen-presses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wood processing, and in particular to a wire milling machine and a production system for artificial wood comprising the same. Background technique
  • the decorative board commonly known as the panel, is a decorative board with a single-sided or double-sided decorative effect, which is made by cutting the solid wood board into a thin veneer with a thickness of 0.1 mm or more and using a splint as a base material.
  • Formaldehyde has strong adhesiveness, and also has the function of strengthening the hardness and anti-insect and anti-corrosion of the board. Therefore, the adhesives of the existing sheets are mostly resin-based adhesives mainly composed of formaldehyde, under the combined action of ultraviolet rays, temperature and sunlight. These binders are decomposed in large amounts, and free formaldehyde is also swam around indoors. The residual formaldehyde in the plate that is not involved in the chemical reaction will gradually radiate to the surrounding environment, which is the main body of formaldehyde in the indoor air.
  • Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent gas with a strong odor, and its 35%-40% aqueous solution is known as formalin.
  • Formaldehyde is a pure syrup that binds to proteins. After inhaling high concentrations of formaldehyde, it can cause severe irritation and edema of the respiratory tract, eye irritation, headache, and bronchial asthma. Direct contact with formaldehyde can cause dermatitis, pigmentation, and necrosis. Frequent inhalation of small amounts of formaldehyde can cause chronic poisoning, mucosal congestion, skin irritation, atopic dermatitis, nail keratosis and fragility, and pain in the nails of the nail bed.
  • the authorization publication No. CN 101554741 B discloses a formaldehyde-free decorative board which is formed by pressing a multi-layer solid wood veneer (middle plate) with an adhesive, wherein the adhesive is a formaldehyde-free plastic film. . Since formaldehyde is not added in the process of producing the decorative sheet, the formaldehyde-free decorative board hardly causes any poison or pollution to the human body and the surrounding environment, and is truly environmentally friendly.
  • the multi-layer solid wood veneer (middle plate) is processed by trees in the rapid forest, and is still required for mass production. To use a lot of trees, the cost is higher.
  • Salix is an excellent native shrub with wind-proof and sand-fixing functions in the desert.
  • the growth period is generally 20 years. It needs to be flattened every 3-4 years. If it does not stimulate the growth in time, the willow will Gradually shrinking and even dying. Therefore, in recent years, a technique for producing a fiberboard using the sand willow fiber has appeared.
  • the invention patent of the publication No. CN 101148058 discloses a sand willow composite artificial wood and a preparation method thereof, which is obtained by mixing a binder with sand willow fibers and fly ash and then hot pressing.
  • the sand willow fiber in the artificial wood is obtained by heat grinding or hammering, and the obtained fiber is short, and therefore, the man-made wood has poor processing property.
  • the man-made wood has a complicated manufacturing process and a high production cost.
  • a wood wire milling machine wherein the wire milling machine includes a pressing device including an upper roller and a lower roller that rotate in opposite directions, the upper roller There is a gap between the lower roller and the lower roller.
  • the gap between the upper roller and the lower roller is adjustable.
  • the pressing means comprises a plurality of upper rolls arranged side by side and a plurality of lower rolls arranged side by side.
  • the pressing device comprises an upper friction belt surrounding the plurality of upper rollers and a lower friction belt surrounding the plurality of lower rollers, the upper friction belt being movable under the driving of the upper roller,
  • the friction belt is described as being movable by the lower roller, and a gap exists between the upper friction belt and the opposite surface of the lower friction belt.
  • the gap between the faces of the upper friction belt and the lower friction belt gradually decreases from upstream to downstream.
  • the outer surface of the upper friction belt and/or the lower friction belt is provided with a pattern to increase the friction between the upper friction belt and/or the lower friction belt and the wood.
  • the speed of movement of the upper friction belt is not equal to the speed of movement of the lower friction belt.
  • the rice milling machine includes a first shifting device for adjusting the rotational speed of the upper roller; and/or the milling machine includes a second shifting device for adjusting the rotational speed of the lower roller.
  • the rice milling machine includes a first electric motor that drives rotation of the upper roller, the first shifting device is a first frequency converter electrically connected to the first motor; and/or the wire milling machine includes A second motor that drives the lower roller to rotate, the second shifting device being a second frequency converter electrically coupled to the second motor.
  • a tensioning pulley is disposed on the upper friction belt and/or the lower friction belt.
  • the rice milling machine comprises a feeding device having a wood passage, the feeding device being disposed upstream of the pressing device, the surface of the wood passage opposite to the upper friction belt and the lower friction belt The gap between them is connected.
  • the rice milling machine includes a die disposed at an outlet of the extrusion device, the die being in communication with a gap between faces of the upper friction band and the lower friction band.
  • the width of the die is the same as the width of the gap between the faces of the upper friction band and the lower friction band.
  • the production system includes a wire milling machine, a first plate press, and a second plate press arranged in order from upstream to downstream, the wire milling machine
  • the first platen machine is provided with a heating device for heating the template of the first plate pressing machine.
  • the production system includes a conveyor belt between the wire milling machine and the first platen machine, and a glue dispensing device is disposed above the conveyor belt.
  • the glue dispensing device is a glue line extruder.
  • the production system includes a drying device disposed downstream of the glue dispensing device and adjacent to the glue dispensing device, the conveyor belt being movable through the drying device.
  • the drying device is an infrared drying device.
  • the production system includes a shut-off device that is disposed immediately upstream of the first plate press.
  • the rice milling machine of the present invention comprises an upper roll and a lower roll, and pressing the wood between the upper roll and the lower roll can obtain the fiber of the wood without destroying the original structure of the wood fiber, and processing the wood fiber.
  • the artificial wood obtained has almost the same properties as solid wood.
  • the process of producing artificial wood by using the artificial wood production system of the present invention does not add formaldehyde, and reduces the cost of the artificial wood, thereby realizing the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the wire milling machine of the present invention
  • FIG 2 is a schematic view showing the production process of the artificial wood production system having the rice milling machine described in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the wood fiber before it is hot pressed.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the wood fiber after cold pressing. detailed description
  • a wood wire milling machine wherein the rice milling machine comprises a pressing device 10 comprising an upper roll 11 and a lower roll rotating in opposite directions 12. There is a gap between the upper roller 11 and the lower roller 12.
  • the gap between the upper roller 11 and the lower roller 12 is set smaller than the diameter (or thickness) of the wood 80a to be processed, and the wood 80a to be processed is fed into the gap between the upper roller 11 and the lower roller 12.
  • the rotating upper roller 11 and lower roller 12 flatten the wood 80a to be processed to obtain the wood 80b in the grinding.
  • the wood 80b in the milling receives a downward pressure and a direction of friction towards the downstream of the extrusion device 10, thereby facilitating the acquisition of relatively complete wood fibers, which are obtained by processing the wood fibers.
  • the artificial wood has high toughness and nail holding power, and its performance is almost the same as that of solid wood.
  • Another advantage of using the wire mill of the present invention for milling wood 80a is that the wood fibers coming out of the extrusion device are glued together, thereby reducing the amount of glue used in subsequent processing. .
  • the rice milling machine of the present invention is suitable for milling sand ash, thereby reducing the cost of artificial wood.
  • the wood fiber of the sand willow has a high toughness, but in the prior art, in order to obtain the sand fiber, it is usually carried out by means of heat grinding or hammering (see the disclosure of CN 101148058 A). Hot sand or hammer can only obtain shorter sand willow fiber, and artificial wood obtained with shorter sand willow fiber has poor nail holding power and toughness, and can not fully exert the original advantages of sand willow fiber.
  • wire milling machine of the present invention for the sanding of Salix psammophila enables the obtaining of long-length sand willow fibers, and the longer length of the willow fiber can produce man-made wood with toughness and nail holding power comparable to solid wood. In this regard, it will be described in detail below.
  • the gap between the upper roller 11 and the lower roller 12 is adjustable.
  • the wire mill of the present invention can be applied to wood of various diameters.
  • a gap adjusting device connected to the upper roller 11 and/or the lower roller 12 may be provided in the pressing device 10.
  • the gap adjusting device may be a hydraulic adjusting device or a mechanical screw adjusting device as long as the gap between the upper roller 11 and the lower roller 12 can be adjusted.
  • the squeezing device 10 may include only one upper roller 11 and one lower roller 12, or may include a plurality of upper rollers 11 and a plurality of lower rollers 12.
  • the pressing device 10 includes a plurality of upper rolls 11 arranged side by side and a plurality of lower rolls 12 arranged side by side.
  • the "side by side" means that a plurality of upper rolls 11 and a plurality of lower rolls 12 are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream of the pressing means.
  • the central axes of the plurality of upper rollers 11 and the plurality of lower rollers 12 are parallel to each other.
  • the rice milling machine shown in Figures 1 and 2 includes three upper rolls 11 and three lower rolls 12, it should be understood that the wire milling machine may further include two upper rolls 11 and two lower rolls 12 , or more of the upper roller 11 and the lower roller 12.
  • the pressing device 10 may further include an upper friction belt 13 surrounding the plurality of upper rolls 11 and surrounding the plurality of a lower friction belt 14 of the lower roller 12, the upper friction belt 13 being movable by the upper roller 11, and the lower friction belt 14 being movable by the lower roller 12, the upper friction belt 13 and the lower friction There is a gap between the opposing faces of the belt 14.
  • Another advantage of providing the upper friction belt 13 and the lower friction belt 14 is that it is possible to increase the frictional force of the wood 80b in the milling toward the downstream of the pressing device 10, which is more advantageous for the wood 80b in the grinding. Milled into longer fibers without breaking the integrity of the fiber.
  • the upper friction belt 13 and the lower friction belt 14 may be made of a metal material or a rubber material as long as it has sufficient strength to crush the wood into a filament and can generate a frictional force with the wood.
  • the gap between the faces of the upper friction belt 13 and the lower friction belt 14 gradually decreases from upstream to downstream.
  • the pressing device 10 having the above structure also contributes to compacting the fiber which is milled into a filament, so that the fiber output from the pressing device 10 has formed a relatively dense plate, which prevents the wood fiber 80C from being in the subsequent process.
  • the outer surface of the upper friction belt 13 and/or the lower friction belt 14 may be provided with a pattern to increase the friction between the upper friction belt 13 and/or the lower friction belt 14 and the wood.
  • the pattern may be a protrusion formed on the upper friction belt 13 and/or the lower friction belt 14.
  • the pattern may have a belt-like structure, and the direction in which the strip-like pattern extends is inclined to the moving direction of the upper friction belt 13 and/or the lower friction belt 14.
  • the speed of movement of the upper friction belt 13 may be equal to the speed of movement of the lower friction belt 14, or may not be equal to the speed of movement of the lower friction belt 14. In order to secure the fiber integrity of the wood, a longer fiber is obtained. Preferably, the speed of movement of the upper friction belt 13 may not be equal to the speed of movement of the lower friction belt 14.
  • the rice milling machine may further include a first shifting device for adjusting the rotational speed of the upper roller 11; and/or the milling machine includes a second shifting device for adjusting the rotational speed of the lower roller 12.
  • the rotational speeds of the upper roller 11 and/or the lower roller 12 can be adjusted as needed.
  • the rice milling machine may include a first motor that drives the rotation of the upper roller 11, and the first shifting device may be a gear transmission.
  • the first shifting device may be a first frequency converter connected to the first motor point. The first frequency converter can adjust the output speed of the first motor to adjust the upper roller
  • the rice milling machine can include a second motor that drives rotation of the lower roller 12, and the second shifting device is a second frequency converter that is electrically coupled to the second motor.
  • the output speed of the second motor is adjusted by the second frequency converter, thereby adjusting the rotation speed of the lower roller 12, and finally adjusting the moving speed of the lower friction belt 14.
  • the upper friction belt 13 and/or the lower friction belt 14 are provided with tensioning pulleys 15. It should be understood that although only the tensioning pulley on the upper friction belt 13 is shown in Fig. 1, the tensioning pulley 15 may be provided on the lower friction belt 14.
  • the rice milling machine package A feeding device 20 having a wood passage 21 is provided, which is disposed upstream of the pressing device 10, and the wood passage 21 communicates with a gap between the faces of the upper friction belt 13 and the lower friction belt 14.
  • the wood 80a to be processed can be placed in the feeding device 20, and the wood passage 21 in the feeding device 20 guides the wood 80 to be processed to the gap between the upper roller 11 and the lower roller 12 (or the upper friction belt 13).
  • a gap between the faces opposite the lower friction belts 14 to thereby compact the wood to obtain wood fibers.
  • the rice milling machine may comprise a die 30 disposed at the outlet of the extrusion device 10, the die 30 and the upper friction band 13 and the lower friction band
  • the gap between the 14 opposing faces is communicated.
  • the wood fibers are output from the outlet of the squeezing device 10 and then enter the die 30, which further compacts the wood fibers.
  • the cross-section of the wood fiber output from the die 30 is the same as the shape of the exit of the die 30, thereby making it more advantageous to process the wood fiber in a subsequent process (e.g., cutting process) and further reduce the use of the binder.
  • the width of the die 30 is the same as the width of the gap between the faces of the upper friction belt 13 and the lower friction belt 14. Thereby, the wood fiber is easily discharged from the gap and directly into the die 30 for compression.
  • FIG. 2 there is also provided a production system of artificial wood, wherein the production system includes a wire milling machine, a first plate press 40, and a second platen arranged in order from upstream to downstream.
  • the machine 50 is the above-mentioned rolling machine provided by the present invention, and the first plate pressing machine 40 is provided with a heating device for heating the template of the first plate pressing machine 40.
  • the wood 80a to be processed (such as sand willow) is first fed into the rice milling machine, and after being extruded by the pressing device 10, the wood fiber 80c is obtained, and then The plurality of wood fibers are stacked together, and a formaldehyde-free plastic film 82 is disposed between the adjacent two layers of wood fibers 80c, and the stacked wood fibers and plastic film 82 are disposed on the two templates of the first plate press 40. Between the two templates, the wood fiber and the plastic film 82 are hot pressed (as shown in FIG. 3), since the first plate press 40 includes a heating device for heating the template thereof, Therefore, the plastic film 82 is melted during the pressurization.
  • the wood fiber and the molten plastic film are cold-pressed by the second platen machine 50, whereby the molten plastic film is re-solidified, and the wood fibers are bonded together. Obtained artificial wood 80.
  • the obtained artificial wood 80 is obtained by cold pressing according to the present invention, the obtained artificial wood can be subjected to various processing as needed.
  • the wood fiber and plastic film 82 can be obtained by the hot pressing of the first plate press 40 and the cold pressing of the second platen machine 50, and the artificial wood 80 having a higher density and a better grip can be obtained. force.
  • the wood to be processed 80a may be subjected to a kneading treatment to obtain wood fibers having less impurities before the wood to be processed 80a is ground. Further, after the kneading treatment of the processed wood 80a, the processed wood 80a may be subjected to a retort treatment to facilitate the grinding of the wood 80a to be processed.
  • the conditions of the conditions of hot pressing and cold pressing are wider, and can be adjusted according to specific needs.
  • the conditions of the hot pressing include: a temperature of hot pressing of 120 ° C or higher, preferably 150-240 ° C; and a pressure of 16 tons or more, preferably 32-340 per square meter of wood fiber. Ton.
  • the conditions of the cold pressing include: the temperature of the cold pressing is 90 ° C or less, preferably 0 to 75 ° C ; and the pressure per square meter of the wood fiber is 16 tons or more, preferably 25 to 405 tons.
  • the temperature of the hot pressing and the temperature of the cold pressing are the surface temperatures of the parts which are subjected to hot pressing and cold pressing, such as a platen machine, which is in contact with the wood fibers.
  • the optional range of hot pressing and cold pressing time in the present invention is wider, and may be selected according to the total thickness of all the wood fiber layers to be pressed, preferably, relative to the wood fiber having a thickness of 1 mm.
  • the hot pressing time is 1-5 minutes, preferably 1.5-3 minutes; the cold pressing time is 1-5 minutes, preferably 1.5-3 minutes.
  • the amount of the plastic film 82 can be selected in a wide range.
  • the plastic film 82 is used in an amount of 50 g/m 2 or more, preferably 70 to 200 g/m 2 .
  • the above amount refers to the relative to each square meter
  • the amount of the plastic film to be used is 50 g or more, preferably 70 to 200 g.
  • the cemented surface refers to the surface of a layer of wood fibers having a smaller surface.
  • the plastic film 82 may be various plastic films of the prior art.
  • the composition of the plastic film contains one of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, and ethylene propylene copolymer.
  • the plastic film contains one or more of polyethylene, polypropylene and ethylene propylene copolymer.
  • the use of the above plastic film can solve the problem of formaldehyde contamination caused by the use of an existing adhesive such as urea resin as a binder.
  • the thickness of the plastic film may be selected from a wide range.
  • the thickness of the plastic film 82 is 0.05-1.2 mm, preferably 0.07-0.12 mm.
  • the present invention has no particular requirement for the meltability of the plastic film 82, but it is preferred that the plastic film has a melting temperature of 120 to 240 °C.
  • the wood fiber 80c and the plastic film 82 can be directly stacked at intervals, and the wood fiber 80c and the plastic film 82 are hot-pressed and cold-pressed to obtain the artificial wood 80.
  • a layer of formaldehyde-free binder may be sprayed on the surface of the wood fibers 80c after the wood fibers 80c have emerged from the outlet of the rice milling machine.
  • the amount of the binder need not be too large as long as the wood fiber 80c can be maintained not to be scattered during the subsequent process.
  • the production system may include a conveyor belt between the wire mill and the first plate press 40.
  • a glue dispensing device 70 is disposed above the conveyor belt 60.
  • the conveyor belt 60 is used to transport the wood fibers to the next process, and the glue application unit 70 is used to bond the wood fibers 80c obtained from the wire mill together to prevent them from spreading in subsequent processes.
  • the glue dispensing device 70 can be a glue line extruder.
  • the glue for bonding the wood fiber 80C extruded from the glue spraying device 70 is linear, so that the amount of the glue can be reduced.
  • the glue line extruder can extrude the glue with better viscosity, so that the wood fiber 80c can be better prevented. Open.
  • the production system may further include a drying device 90 disposed downstream of the glue spraying device 70 and adjacent to the glue spraying device 70, the conveyor belt 60 being movable through the drying device 90 .
  • the wood fiber coated with the glue is dried by the drying device 90, which can be better bonded together, and can also ensure the quality of the artificial wood 80 in the subsequent hot pressing process and cold pressing process.
  • the drying device 90 can be a tunnel drying oven.
  • the drying device 90 may be an infrared drying device.
  • the wood fibers 80c outputted from the rice mill may be cut to have a predetermined length and width.
  • the wood fiber 80c can be artificially cut to have a predetermined length and width.
  • the production system may further include a cutting device that is disposed immediately upstream of the first plate press 40. Before the wood fiber is conveyed to the first platen machine 40, the wood fiber is cut into a wood fiber sheet 81 having a predetermined length and width by a cutting device, and the wood fiber sheet 81 and the plastic film 82 are spaced apart from each other at the first pressure plate. Between the two templates of the machine 40.
  • the cutting device may be any device capable of interrupting wood fibers, and may be, for example, a shearing machine.
  • the use of cutting devices also contributes to the production of artificial wood of different specifications.
  • the wood 80a to be processed (Salva chinensis) is fed into the squeezing device 10 through the feeding device 20 of the roller compactor.
  • the upper roller 11 of the pressing device 10 drives the upper friction belt 13 to move
  • the lower roller 12 drives the lower friction belt 14 to move
  • the gap between the upper friction belt 13 and the opposite surface of the lower friction belt 14 gradually decreases from the upstream to the downstream.
  • the wood 80a to be processed After the wood 80a to be processed enters the gap, it becomes the wood 80b in the grinding, and the wood 80b in the rolling gradually moves downstream along with the upper friction belt 13 and the lower friction belt 14, and is completely ground into wood fiber, the wood The fibers are output from the wire mill through a die 30, and a wood fiber 80c is formed, the cross-sectional shape of the wood fiber 80c and the shape of the outlet of the die 30. The same shape.
  • the wood fibers 80c emerging from the die 30 are conveyed under the conveyor belt 60 to the underside of the glue dispensing unit 70, and the glue line extruded in the glue dispensing unit 70 bonds the wood fibers 80c together.
  • the bonded wood fibers are conveyed by a conveyor belt to a drying device 90, which solidifies the glue on the wood fibers and dries the wood fibers, and then the conveyor belt 60 will dry and bond the wood together.
  • the fibers are conveyed to a cutting device that cuts the dried and bonded wood fibers into a plurality of pieces of wood fiber 81 having a predetermined length and width.
  • the wood fiber sheet 81 and the plastic film 82 are intermittently disposed between the upper and lower templates of the first plate press 40, and the wood fiber sheet 81 and the plastic film 82 are heated and pressurized to melt the plastic film 82, and The layers of wood fiber sheets 81 are bonded together.
  • the spinning machine of the present invention comprises an upper roller and a lower roller, and is squeezed between the upper roller and the lower roller. Wood can obtain the fiber of the wood without destroying the original structure of the wood fiber.
  • the artificial wood obtained by processing the wood fiber has almost the same performance as the solid wood.
  • the process of producing artificial wood by using the artificial wood production system of the present invention does not add formaldehyde, and reduces the cost of the artificial wood, thereby realizing the purpose of energy saving and environmental protection.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种木材的碾丝机，该碾丝机包括挤压装置（10），该挤压装置（10）包括转动方向相反的上辊（11）和下辊（12），上辊（11）和下辊（12）之间存在间隙。上辊（11）和下辊（12）挤压木材能够得到木材纤维（80c），又不会破坏木材纤维的结构。用制成的纤维制造的人造木材性能几乎与实木相同。一种包括该碾丝机的人造木材的生产系统，利用该生产系统生产人造木材的过程中不添加甲醛，降低了人造木材的成本，节能环保。

Description

一种碾丝机和一种人造木材的生产系统
技术领域
本发明涉及木材加工领域， 具体地， 涉及一种碾丝机和一种包括该碾 丝机的人造木材的生产系统。 背景技术
装饰板， 俗称面板， 是将实木板精密刨切成厚度为 0.1mm以上的微薄 木皮， 以夹板为基材， 经过胶粘工艺制做而成的具有单面或双面装饰作用 的装饰板材。
甲醛具有较强黏合性， 还具有加强板材的硬度及防虫、 防腐的功能， 因此现有板材的黏合剂大都是以甲醛为主要成分的树脂类黏合剂， 在紫外 线、 温度、 阳光的共同作用下， 这些黏合剂大量分解， 游离甲醛也就在室 内四处游走， 板材中残留的未参与化学反应的甲醛会逐渐的向周围环境放 射， 这是形成室内空气中甲醛的主体。
甲醛是无色、 具有强烈气味的刺激性气体， 其 35%-40%的水溶液通称 福尔马林。 甲醛是原浆毒物， 能与蛋白质结合， 吸入高浓度甲醛后， 会出 现呼吸道的严重刺激和水肿、 眼刺痛、 头痛， 也可发生支气管哮喘。 皮肤 直接接触甲醛， 可引起皮炎、 色斑、 坏死。 经常吸入少量甲醛， 能引起慢 性中毒， 出现粘膜充血、 皮肤刺激症、 过敏性皮炎、 指甲角化和脆弱、 甲 床指端疼痛等。
授权公告号为 CN 101554741 B公开了一种无甲醛装饰板， 由多层实木 单板 （中板） 用粘合剂压贴而成， 其中， 所述的粘合剂是不含甲醛的塑料 膜。 由于在生产所述的装饰板材的过程中并未添加甲醛， 所以所述无甲醛 装饰板对人体和周围环境几乎不造成任何毒害或污染， 真正实现环境友好。 所述多层实木单板 （中板） 由速成林中的树木加工， 批量生产时， 仍然需 要用到大量的树木， 成本较高。
沙柳是一种沙漠地区具有防风固沙功能的优良乡土灌木， 生长期一般 可达 20年之久， 它需要每隔 3-4年平茬一次， 如不及时平茬刺激生长， 沙 柳就会逐渐萎缩， 以至死亡。 因此， 近年来出现了利用沙柳纤维制造纤维 板的技术。
公开号为 CN 101148058的发明专利中公开了一种沙柳复合人造木材和 制备方法， 所述人造木材通过将粘结剂与沙柳纤维和粉煤灰混合后热压获 得。 所述人造木材中的沙柳纤维通过热磨或锤砸沙柳获得， 获得的纤维较 短， 因此， 所述人造木材的加工性能较差。 并且， 所述人造木材的制造工 艺复杂， 生产成本较高。
因此， 如何降低生产人造木材的成本成为本领域亟待解决的技术问题。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种碾丝机和一种包括该碾丝机的人造木材的生 产系统， 利用所述碾丝机能够获得长度较长的木材纤维， 利用所述生产系 统能够以较低的成本生产无甲醛的人造木材。
为了实现上述目的， 作为本发明的一个方面， 提供一种木材的碾丝机， 其中， 该碾丝机包括挤压装置， 该挤压装置包括转动方向相反的上辊和下 辊， 该上辊和下辊之间存在间隙。
优选地， 所述上辊和下辊之间的间隙可调节。
优选地， 所述挤压装置包括多个并排设置的上辊和多个并排设置的下 辊。
优选地， 所述挤压装置包括环绕所述多个上辊的上摩擦带和环绕所述 多个下辊的下摩擦带， 所述上摩擦带能够在所述上辊的带动下运动， 所述 下摩擦带能够在所述下辊的带动下运动， 所述上摩擦带和所述下摩擦带相 对的面之间存在间隙。 优选地， 所述上摩擦带和所述下摩擦带相对的面之间的间隙从上游至 下游逐渐减小。
优选地， 所述上摩擦带和 /或下摩擦带的外表面上设置有花紋， 以增大 所述上摩擦带和 /或所述下摩擦带与所述木材之间的摩擦力。
优选地， 所述上摩擦带的运动速度不等于所述下摩擦带的运动速度。 优选地， 所述碾丝机包括用于调节所述上辊的转速的第一变速装置； 和 /或所述碾丝机包括用于调节所述下辊的转速的第二变速装置。
优选地， 所述碾丝机包括驱动所述上辊转动的第一电机， 所述第一变 速装置为与所述第一电机电连接的第一变频器； 和 /或所述碾丝机包括驱动 所述下辊转动的第二电机， 所述第二变速装置为与所述第二电机电连接的 第二变频器。
优选地， 所述上摩擦带和 /或所述下摩擦带上设置有张紧轮。
优选地， 所述碾丝机包括具有木材通道的喂料装置， 该喂料装置设置 在所述挤压装置的上游， 所述木材通道与所述上摩擦带和所述下摩擦带相 对的面之间的间隙相通。
优选地， 该碾丝机包括设置在所述挤压装置的出口处的口模， 该口模 与所述上摩擦带和所述下摩擦带相对的面之间的间隙相通。
优选地， 所述口模的宽度与所述上摩擦带和所述下摩擦带相对的面之 间的间隙的宽度相同。
作为本发明的另一个方面， 还提供一种人造木材的生产系统， 其中， 该生产系统包括从上游至下游依次排列的碾丝机、 第一压板机和第二压板 机， 所述碾丝机为本发明所提供的上述碾丝机， 所述第一压板机设置有加 热该第一压板机的模板的加热装置。
优选地， 所述生产系统包括位于所述碾丝机和所述第一压板机之间的 传送带， 该传送带的上方设置有喷胶装置。
优选地， 所述喷胶装置为胶线挤出机。 优选地， 该生产系统包括烘干装置， 该烘干装置设置在所述喷胶装置 下游， 且与该喷胶装置相邻， 所述传送带能够移动穿过所述烘干装置。
优选地， 所述烘干装置为红外线烘干装置。
优选地， 所述生产系统包括切断装置， 该切断装置紧邻设置在所述第 一压板机的上游。
本发明所述的碾丝机包括上辊和下辊， 在上辊和下辊之间挤压木材既 能够得到木材的纤维， 又不会破坏木材纤维的原有结构， 利用这种木材纤 维加工获得的人造木材性能几乎与实木相同。 并且， 利用本发明所述人造 木材生产系统生产人造木材的过程中并未添加甲醛， 并降低了人造木材的 成本， 真正实现了节能环保的目的。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解， 并且构成说明书的一部分， 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明， 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中：
图 1是本发明所述的碾丝机的示意图；
图 2是具有图 1中所述的碾丝机的人造木材生产系统的生产过程示意 图；
图 3是对木材纤维进行热压前的示意图； 和
图 4是木材纤维冷压后的示意图。 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是， 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明， 并不用于限制本发 明。
如图 1所示， 作为本发明的一个方面， 提供一种木材的碾丝机， 其中， 该碾丝机包括挤压装置 10， 该挤压装置 10包括转动方向相反的上辊 11和 下辊 12， 该上辊 11和下辊 12之间存在间隙。
如图 2所示，上辊 11和下辊 12之间的间隙设置为小于待加工木材 80a 的直径（或厚度），将待加工木材 80a送入上辊 11和下辊 12之间的间隙中， 转动的上辊 11和下辊 12将待加工木材 80a压扁， 获得碾丝中的木材 80b。 碾丝中的木材 80b与上辊 11和下辊 12之间存在摩擦力， 该摩擦力带动碾 丝中的木材 80b朝向挤压装置 10的下游移动。 在碾丝的过程中， 碾丝中的 木材 80b收到向下的压力和和方向为朝向挤压装置 10的下游的摩擦力， 从 而有利于获得较为完整的木材纤维， 利用该木材纤维加工获得的人造木材 具有较高的韧性和握钉力， 其性能几乎与实木相同。
利用本发明所述的碾丝机对待加工木材 80a进行碾丝的另一个优势在 于， 从挤压装置中出来的木材纤维是粘连在一起的， 从而可以减少在后续 的加工过程中的用胶量。
本发明所述的碾丝机适用于对沙柳进行碾丝， 从而降低了人造木材的 成本。 沙柳的木材纤维韧性较高， 但是， 在现有技术中， 为了获得沙柳纤 维， 通常采取热磨或锤砸等手段（见 CN 101148058A中所公开的内容）。热 磨或锤砸只能获得较短的沙柳纤维， 利用较短的沙柳纤维获得的人造木材 握钉力和韧性都较差， 不能充分发挥沙柳纤维原有的优势。 利用本发明所 述的碾丝机对沙柳进行碾丝能够获得长度较长的沙柳纤维， 利用该长度较 长的沙柳纤维能够制造出韧性和握钉力媲美实木的人造木材。 关于这点， 将在下文中详细描述。
优选地， 上辊 11和下辊 12之间的间隙可调节。 从而使本发明所述的 碾丝机能够适用于各种直径的木材。 为了调节上辊 11和下辊 12之间的间 隙，可以在挤压装置 10中设置与上辊 11和 /或下辊 12相连的间隙调节装置。 该间隙调节装置可以是液压调节装置， 也可以是机械的丝杠调节装置， 只 要能够实现调节上辊 11和下辊 12之间的间隙即可。
挤压装置 10既可以只包括一个上辊 11和一个下辊 12， 也可以包括多 个上辊 11和多个下辊 12。为了能够实现木材碾丝的连续作业， 并将木材更 充分地碾成纤维， 优选地， 挤压装置 10包括多个并排设置的上辊 11和多 个并排设置的下辊 12。 如图 1和图 2中所示， 所述 "并排"是指多个上辊 11 和多个下辊 12从挤压装置的上游到下游依次排列。 优选地， 多个上辊 11和多个下辊 12的中心轴线互相平行。虽然图 1和图 2中所示的碾丝机包 括三个上辊 11和三个下辊 12， 应当理解的是， 所述碾丝机还可以包括两个 上辊 11和两个下辊 12， 或者更多个上辊 11和下辊 12。
为了防止碾压木材得到的纤维从多个下辊 12之间的缝隙中漏出， 优选 地， 挤压装置 10还可以包括环绕所述多个上辊 11的上摩擦带 13和环绕所 述多个下辊 12的下摩擦带 14，所述上摩擦带 13能够在所述上辊 11的带动 下运动， 下摩擦带 14能够在所述下辊 12的带动下运动， 上摩擦带 13和下 摩擦带 14相对的面之间存在间隙。 设置上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14的另一 个优势还在于， 能够增大碾丝中的木材 80b收到的朝向挤压装置 10的下游 的摩擦力， 更加有利于碾丝中的木材 80b被碾压成较长的纤维， 并且不会 破坏纤维的完整性。
上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14可以由金属材料制成， 也可以由橡胶材料 制成， 只要具有足够的强度将木材碾压成丝， 并且能够与木材之间产生摩 擦力即可。
为了将碾丝中的木材 80b完全破碎获得更细的纤维， 优选地， 上摩擦 带 13和下摩擦带 14相对的面之间的间隙从上游至下游逐渐减小。 具有上 述结构的挤压装置 10还有助于将碾成丝状的纤维压实，使得从挤压装置 10 中输出的纤维已经形成相对较为密实的板， 能够防止木材纤维 80C在后续 的过程中散开， 并减少粘结剂的使用量。 优选地， 上摩擦带 13和 /或下摩擦带 14的外表面上可以设置有花紋， 以增大上摩擦带 13和 /或下摩擦带 14与所述木材之间的摩擦力。 所述花紋 可以是形成在上摩擦带 13和 /或下摩擦带 14上的凸起。 优选地， 所述花紋 可以具有带状结构，且该带状的花紋的延伸方向倾斜于上摩擦带 13和 /或下 摩擦带 14的移动方向。
上摩擦带 13的运动速度可以等于下摩擦带 14的运动速度， 也可以不 等于下摩擦带 14的运动速度。 为了确保木材的纤维的完整性， 获得较长的 纤维， 优选地， 上摩擦带 13的运动速度可以不等于下摩擦带 14的运动速 度。
优选地， 所述碾丝机还可以包括用于调节上辊 11的转速的第一变速装 置； 和 /或所述碾丝机包括用于调节下辊 12的转速的第二变速装置。从而可 以根据需要调节上辊 11和 /或下辊 12的转速。
通常， 所述碾丝机可以包括驱动上辊 11转动的第一电机， 第一变速装 置可以是齿轮变速器， 为了简化碾丝机的结构， 并精确地控制上摩擦带 13 的速度， 优选地， 所述第一变速装置可以为与所述第一电机点连接的第一 变频器。 通过该第一变频器能够调节第一电机的输出转速， 从而调节上辊
11的转速， 并最终调整上摩擦带 13的移动速度。 同理， 所述碾丝机可以包 括驱动下辊 12转动的第二电机， 所述第二变速装置为与所述第二电机电连 接的第二变频器。 通过第二变频器调节第二电机的输出转速， 从而调节下 辊 12的转速， 并最终调节下摩擦带 14的移动速度。
为了保证上摩擦带 13和 /或下摩擦带 14的张紧程度， 从而确保挤压装 置 10正常工作， 优选地， 上摩擦带 13和 /或下摩擦带 14上设置有张紧轮 15。 应当理解的是， 虽然图 1中仅示出了上摩擦带 13上的张紧轮， 但是下 摩擦带 14上也可以设置张紧轮 15。
为了便于将待加工木材 80a送入上辊 11和下辊 12之间的间隙 （或者 上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14相对的面之间的间隙）， 优选地， 所述碾丝机包 括具有木材通道 21的喂料装置 20，该喂料装置 20设置在挤压装置 10的上 游， 木材通道 21与上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14相对的面之间的间隙相通。 加工木材时， 可将待加工木材 80a放入喂料装置 20中， 喂料装置 20内的 木材通道 21将待加工木材 80a引导至上辊 11和下辊 12之间的间隙 （或者 上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14相对的面之间的间隙）， 从而对木材进行碾压获 得木材纤维。
在碾丝结束后， 为了进一步压实木材纤维， 优选地， 所述碾丝机可以 包括设置在挤压装置 10的出口处的口模 30，该口模 30与上摩擦带 13和下 摩擦带 14相对的面之间的间隙相通。 木材纤维从挤压装置 10的出口输出 后进入口模 30， 该口模 30进一步将木材纤维压实。 从口模 30中输出的木 材纤维的横截面与口模 30 的出口形状相同， 从而更加有利于在后续过程 (如， 切断工艺） 中对木材纤维进行加工， 并进一步减少了粘结剂的使用 优选地， 口模 30的宽度与上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14相对的面之间的 间隙的宽度相同。 从而便于木材纤维从该间隙中输出后直接进入口模 30中 进行压缩。
作为本发明的另一个方面， 如图 2所示， 还提供一种人造木材的生产 系统， 其中， 该生产系统包括从上游至下游依次排列的碾丝机、 第一压板 机 40和第二压板机 50， 所述碾丝机为本发明所提供的上述碾丝机， 第一压 板机 40设置有加热该第一压板机 40的模板的加热装置。
在利用本发明所述的人造木材生产系统生产人造木材时， 首先将待加 工木材 80a (如沙柳） 送入所述碾丝机， 经过挤压装置 10的挤压后获得木 材纤维 80c， 然后将多层木材纤维堆叠在一起， 且相邻两层木材纤维 80c之 间设置有不含甲醛的塑料膜 82，将堆叠好的木材纤维和塑料膜 82设置在第 一压板机 40的两个模板之间， 利用该两个模板对木材纤维和塑料膜 82进 行热压 （如图 3所示）， 由于第一压板机 40包括加热其模板的加热装置， 因此， 在加压的过程中， 塑料膜 82被融化。
塑料膜 82被融化后， 如图 4所示， 在利用第二压板机 50对木材纤维 以及熔融的塑料膜进行冷压， 从而使熔融的塑料膜重新固化， 并将木材纤 维粘结在一起， 获得人造木材 80。
利用本发明所述的冷压获得人造木材 80后， 可以根据需要对得到的人 造木材进行各种加工。
木材纤维和塑料膜 82经第一压板机 40的热压及第二压板机 50的冷压 之后能够获得密度较大的人造木材 80，该人造木材 80具有较高的韧性和较 好的握钉力。
本领域技术人员应当理解的是， 在对待加工木材 80a进行碾丝之前， 可以对该待加工木材 80a进行扒皮处理， 以获得杂质较少的木材纤维。 并 且，在对待加工木材 80a进行扒皮处理后，还可以对待加工木材 80a进行蒸 煮处理， 以便于对该待加工木材 80a进行碾丝。
本发明中， 所述热压和冷压的条件的可选范围较宽， 其可以根据具体 需要进行调整。优选情况下， 所述热压的条件包括： 热压的温度为 120°C以 上， 优选为 150-240°C ; 相对于每平方米的木材纤维， 压力为 16吨以上， 优选为 32-340吨。 所述冷压的条件包括： 冷压的温度为 90°C以下， 优选为 0-75 °C ;相对于每平方米的木材纤维，压力为 16吨以上，优选为 25-405吨。 本发明中， 所述热压的温度和冷压的温度是指实施热压和冷压的机器如压 板机与木材纤维接触的部件的表面温度。
本发明中所述热压和冷压的时间的可选范围较宽， 具体可以根据所要 压的所有木材纤维层的总厚度进行选择， 优选情况下， 相对于 1 毫米厚度 的木材纤维， 所述热压的时间为 1-5分钟， 优选为 1.5-3分钟； 所述冷压的 时间为 1-5分钟， 优选为 1.5-3分钟。
本发明中， 塑料膜 82的用量的可选范围较宽， 优选情况下， 塑料膜 82 的用量为 50g/m2以上，优选为 70-200g/m2。上述用量是指相对于每平方米的 胶合面， 塑料膜的用量为 50g以上， 优选为 70-200g。 对于相互胶合的相邻 两层木材纤维， 胶合面是指其中表面较小的一层木材纤维的表面。
本发明中，所述塑料膜 82可以为现有技术的各种塑料膜，优选情况下， 所述塑料膜的组成成分中含有聚乙烯、 聚氯乙烯、 聚丙烯和乙丙烯共聚物 中的一种或多种， 特别优选所述塑料膜含有聚乙烯、 聚丙烯和乙丙烯共聚 物中的一种或多种。 使用上述塑料膜可以解决使用现有胶粘剂如脲醛树脂 作为粘合剂带来的甲醛污染问题。
本发明中， 所述塑料膜的厚度的可选范围较宽， 优选情况下， 所述塑 料膜 82的厚度为 0.05-1.2mm， 优选为 0.07-0.12mm。
本发明对所述塑料膜 82的熔融性无特殊要求， 但优选所述塑料膜的熔 融温度为 120-240 °C。
利用碾丝机获得木材纤维 80c之后， 可以直接将木材纤维 80c与塑料 膜 82间隔地堆叠在一起， 对木材纤维 80c和塑料膜 82进行热压和冷压， 从而获得人造木材 80。
为了防止木材纤维 80c在后续的加工过程中散开， 优选地， 可以在木 材纤维 80c从碾丝机的出口中出来后，在木材纤维 80c的表面上喷上一层无 甲醛的粘合剂， 该粘合剂的量不必太多， 只要能够维持木材纤维 80c在后 续的过程中不散开即可。
为了便于对通过所述碾丝机获得的木材纤维 80c进行后续加工， 优选 地， 所述生产系统可以包括位于所述碾丝机和第一压板机 40之间的传送带
60， 该传送带 60的上方设置有喷胶装置 70。 传送带 60用于将木材纤维运 输至下一道工序， 喷胶装置 70用于将从碾丝机中获得的木材纤维 80c粘合 在一起， 防止其在后续的工序中散开。
优选地， 喷胶装置 70可以为胶线挤出机。 gp， 从喷胶装置 70中挤出 的用于粘结木材纤维 80C 的胶为线状， 从而能够减少胶的用量。 并且， 胶 线挤出机能够将粘性较好的胶挤出， 从而能够较好地防止木材纤维 80c散 开。
优选地，所述生产系统还可以包括烘干装置 90， 该烘干装置 90设置在 所述喷胶装置 70下游， 且与该喷胶装置 70相邻， 传送带 60能够移动穿过 烘干装置 90。喷涂有胶的木材纤维经过烘干装置 90烘干， 既能够更好地粘 结在一起， 也能够保证在后续的热压工序和冷压工序获得质量较好的人造 木材 80。 如上所述， 烘干装置 90可以是隧道式烘干箱。
为了便于控制， 优选地， 烘干装置 90可以为红外线烘干装置。
为了便于将木材纤维放置在第一压板机 40内， 可以将从所述碾丝机中 输出的木材纤维 80c切割为具有预定的长度和宽度。
在本发明中， 可以人工地将木材纤维 80c切割为具有预定长度和宽度。 为了提高工作效率， 节约人力， 优选地， 所述生产系统还可以包括切断装 置， 该切断装置紧邻设置在所述第一压板机 40的上游。 将木材纤维输送至 第一压板机 40前， 利用切断装置将木材纤维切割成具有预定的长度和宽度 的木材纤维片 81， 并将该木材纤维片 81和塑料膜 82间隔地设置在第一压 板机 40的两模板之间。 此处， 所述切断装置可以是任意能够将木材纤维间 断的设备， 例如， 可以是剪板机。 此外， 利用切断装置还有助于生产不同 规格的人造木材。
下面参照图 2，对本发明所述的人造木材的生产系统的工作过程进行详 细地描述。
首先将待加工木材 80a (沙柳枝） 通过所述碾压机的喂料装置 20送入 挤压装置 10。 挤压装置 10的上辊 11带动上摩擦带 13移动， 下辊 12带动 下摩擦带 14移动， 上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14的相对的表面之间的间隙从 上游至下游逐渐减小， 待加工木材 80a进入所述间隙内之后成为碾丝中的 木材 80b，该碾丝中的木材 80b随着上摩擦带 13和下摩擦带 14逐渐向下游 移动， 并完全碾成木材纤维， 该木材纤维经过口模 30从碾丝机中输出， 并 且形成木材纤维 80c， 该木材纤维 80c的横截面形状与口模 30的出口的形 状相同。 从口模 30中出来的木材纤维 80c经传送带 60运送至喷胶装置 70 下方， 喷胶装置 70中挤出的胶线将木材纤维 80c粘结成一个整体。
粘结成一个整体木材纤维被输送带输送至烘干装置 90， 该烘干装置 90 将木材纤维上的胶固化， 并将木材纤维烘干， 随后传送带 60将烘干且粘结 在一起的木材纤维输送至切断装置处， 该切断装置将烘干且粘结在一起的 木材纤维切割成多片具有预定的长度和宽度的木材纤维片 81。
随后将木材纤维片 81和塑料膜 82间隔地设置在第一压板机 40的上下 两个模板之间， 并对木材纤维片 81和塑料膜 82加热、 加压， 使塑料膜 82 融化， 并将各层木材纤维片 81粘结在一起。
最后将通过融化的塑料膜粘结在一起的木材纤维片 81放入第二压板机
50的上下两个模板之间， 并将其压实， 保压一段时间后获得最终的人造木 本发明所述的碾丝机包括上辊和下辊， 在上辊和下辊之间挤压木材既 能够得到木材的纤维， 又不会破坏木材纤维的原有结构， 利用这种木材纤 维加工获得的人造木材性能几乎与实木相同。 并且， 利用本发明所述人造 木材生产系统生产人造木材的过程中没有添加甲醛， 并降低了人造木材的 成本， 真正实现了节能环保的目的。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式， 但是， 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节， 在本发明的技术构思范围内， 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型， 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。
另外需要说明的是， 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征， 在不矛盾的情况下， 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。 为了避免不 必要的重复， 本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外， 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合， 只要 其不违背本发明的思想， 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种木材的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 该碾丝机包括挤压装置 （10)， 该挤压装置（10)包括转动方向相反的上辊（11 )和下辊（12)， 该上辊（11 ) 和下辊 （12) 之间存在间隙。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 所述上辊 （11 ) 和下 辊 （12) 之间的间隙可调节。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的碾丝机，其特征在于，所述挤压装置（10) 包括多个并排设置的所述上辊 （11 ) 和多个并排设置的所述下辊 （12)。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 所述挤压装置包括环 绕所述多个上辊 （11 ) 的上摩擦带 （13 ) 和环绕所述多个下辊 （12) 的下 摩擦带 （14)， 所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 能够在所述上辊 （11 ) 的带动下运动， 所述下摩擦带 （14) 能够在所述下辊 （12) 的带动下运动， 所述上摩擦带 ( 13 ) 和所述下摩擦带 （14) 相对的面之间存在间隙。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述碾丝机， 其特征在于， 所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 和 所述下摩擦带 （14) 相对的面之间的间隙从上游至下游逐渐减小。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 和 /或所述下摩擦带（ 14 )的外表面上设置有花紋，以增大所述上摩擦带（ 13 ) 和 /或所述下摩擦带 （14) 与所述木材之间的摩擦力。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 的运动速度不等于所述下摩擦带 （14) 的运动速度。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 该碾丝机包括用于调 节所述上辊 （11 ) 的转速的第一变速装置； 和 /或所述碾丝机包括用于调节 所述下辊 （12) 的转速的第二变速装置。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 该碾丝机包括驱动所 述上辊 （11 ) 转动的第一电机， 所述第一变速装置为与所述第一电机电连 接的第一变频器； 和 /或所述碾丝机包括驱动所述下辊 （12) 转动的第二电 机， 所述第二变速装置为与所述第二电机电连接的第二变频器。
10、 根据权利要求 4所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 和 /或所述下摩擦带 （14) 上设置有张紧轮 （15 )。
11、 根据权利要求 4至 10中任意一项所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 该 碾丝机包括具有木材通道 （21 ) 的喂料装置 （20)， 该喂料装置设置在所述 挤压装置 （10) 的上游， 所述木材通道 （21 ) 与所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 和所 述下摩擦带 （14) 相对的面之间的间隙相通。
12、 根据权利要求 4至 10中任意一项所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 该 碾丝机包括设置在所述挤压装置（10) 的出口处的口模（30)， 该口模（30) 与所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 和所述下摩擦带 （14) 相对的面之间的间隙相通。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的碾丝机， 其特征在于， 所述口模 （30) 的 宽度与所述上摩擦带 （13 ) 和所述下摩擦带 （14) 相对的面之间的间隙的 宽度相同。
14、 一种人造木材的生产系统， 其特征在于， 该生产系统包括从上游 至下游依次排列的碾丝机、 第一压板机 （40) 和第二压板机 （50)， 所述碾 丝机为权利要求 1至 13中任意一项所述的碾丝机， 所述第一压板机 （40) 设置有加热该第一压板机 （40) 的模板的加热装置。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的生产系统， 其特征在于， 该生产系统包括 位于所述碾丝机和所述第一压板机（40)之间的传送带（60)，该传送带（60) 的上方设置有喷胶装置 （70)。
16、根据权利要求 15所述的生产系统，其特征在于，所述喷胶装置（70) 为胶线挤出机。
17、 根据权利要求 15或 16所述的生产系统， 其特征在于， 该生产系 统包括烘干装置（90)， 该烘干装置（90)设置在所述喷胶装置（70)下游， 且与该喷胶装置 （70) 相邻， 所述传送带 （60) 能够移动穿过所述烘干装 置 (90)。
18、根据权利要求 17所述的生产系统，其特征在于，所述烘干装置（90) 为红外线烘干装置。
19、 根据权利要求 14所述的生产系统， 其特征在于， 该生产系统包括 切断装置， 该切断装置紧邻设置在所述第一压板机 （40) 的上游。
PCT/CN2012/072334 2012-02-23 2012-03-14 一种碾丝机和一种人造木材的生产系统 WO2013123683A1 (zh)

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