WO2013115451A1 - 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 및 그의 제조방법 - Google Patents
리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 및 그의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013115451A1 WO2013115451A1 PCT/KR2012/007598 KR2012007598W WO2013115451A1 WO 2013115451 A1 WO2013115451 A1 WO 2013115451A1 KR 2012007598 W KR2012007598 W KR 2012007598W WO 2013115451 A1 WO2013115451 A1 WO 2013115451A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
- C01G51/42—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/50—Cobaltates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2, Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
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- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type [MnO2]n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2, Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2006/14—Pore volume
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- ⁇ > For a lithium secondary battery. It relates to a positive electrode active material and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the lithium secondary battery is a battery that uses carbon such as an abyss as a negative electrode active material, uses an oxide containing lithium as a positive electrode active material, and uses a nonaqueous solvent as an electrolyte. Since lithium is a metal with a high tendency to ionize, development of a battery with high energy density is possible due to high voltage expression.
- a lithium transition metal oxide containing lithium is mainly used as a positive electrode active material, and layered lithium transition metal oxides such as cobalt-based, nickel-based, and tri-component coexisting cobalt, nickel, and manganese are present. More than% are used.
- the layered lithium transition metal oxide which is widely used as a positive electrode active material, has a limit in energy density of a battery adopting it because the reversible capacity that can be used is OmAhg 1 or less.
- the conventional layered lithium metal oxides researches on lithium-rich lithium metal oxide cathode active materials containing more than one lithium have been conducted to overcome them.
- lithium-rich lithium metal oxide (0L0) positive electrode active material As a means of solving the problem of the lithium secondary battery due to the limitation of the reversible capacity of the positive electrode, it is preferred to use a lithium-rich lithium metal oxide (0L0) positive electrode active material as a positive electrode material instead of a general layered lithium transition metal oxide. Proposed.
- the lithium-rich lithium metal oxide positive electrode active material has a Li 2 Mn phase complexed with a conventional layered cathode material. When initially charged at 4.6 V or higher, the Li 2 Mn0 3 phase is reacted with oxygen desorption and lithium extraction. It is electrochemically activated with a phase-based lithium transition metal oxide, which can express a high capacity of OmAhg 1 or more.
- lithium-rich lithium metal oxide cathode active material is difficult to uniformly prepare during the precursor manufacturing step, so that the density of the particles is low or the composition is not uniform according to the depth, thereby limiting the electrochemical activation through high voltage charging. And the discharge capacity becomes lower and the problem of elution of manganese (Mn) at high temperature and high voltage becomes more severe. There are drawbacks such as poor performance and poor life characteristics.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a cathode active material having a uniform composition and particle size, and having a high surface porosity and a discharge capacity.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery having excellent life characteristics and rate characteristics.
- One embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of (a) preparing a metal salt aqueous solution comprising a lithium raw material, manganese raw material, nickel raw material and cobalt raw material; (b) preparing a slurry by wet grinding the aqueous metal salt solution for 2 to 12 hours at 2000 to 6000 rpm using beads having a particle diameter of 0.05 to 0,30 mm 3; (c) adding a carbon source to the slurry; (d) spray drying the sludge of step (c) to prepare a mixed powder; And (e) is prepared by a method comprising the step of heat-treating the mixed powder, and provides a method for producing a cathode active material for a litop secondary battery represented by the formula (1).
- M is Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ag, Ca, Na, K, In, Ga, Ge, V, Mo, Nb, Si, Ti and Zr, at least one member selected from the group Metal.
- the manganese raw material may be selected from manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese hydrochloride, manganese acetate and combinations thereof.
- the nickel raw material may be selected from nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate salt, nickel hydrochloride salt, nickel acetate salt, and combinations thereof.
- the cobalt raw material may be selected from cobalt sulfate salt, cobalt nitrate salt, cobalt hydrochloride salt, cobalt acetate salt, and combinations thereof.
- the carbon source may be, it is selected in the cross (sucrose), urea (urea), acetic acid (acetic acid), ethylene glycol (ethylene glycol), and combinations thereof.
- the carbon source may be included in an amount of 1 to 10 wt% based on the total amount of the cathode active material.
- step (C) a binder, an additive, and a combination thereof may be added.
- the primary particle average particle diameter of the cathode active material may be 200 nm or more and less than 600 nm.
- Heat treatment of the mixed powder may be performed for 2 to 24 hours at a temperature of 800 to 120CTC.
- the heat treatment of the mixed powder may include a primary firing process carried out for 2 to 12 hours at a temperature of 500 to 750 ° C and a secondary firing process carried out for 4 to 8 hours at a temperature of 800 to loocrc. .
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery manufactured by the above manufacturing method.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a cathode active material represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and has a mean particle size of 200 nm or more and less than 600 nm, and has a surface porosity of 15 to 30%.
- M is Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ag, Ca, Na, K, In, Ga, Ge, V, Mo, Nb, Si, Ti and Zr, at least one member selected from the group Metal.
- the surface porosity may be 20 to 25%.
- a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material;
- a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of insertion / desorption of lithium ions;
- a separator existing between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; And it provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the discharge capacity of the lithium secondary battery may be 200 mAhg _1 or more.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention it is possible to easily adjust the particle size and shape of the positive electrode active material, and to mass produce the positive electrode active material having a uniform composition and particle size and high surface porosity. Cost and time required during the active material manufacturing process can be significantly reduced.
- the present invention implements a lithium secondary battery excellent in life characteristics and rate characteristics.
- FIG. 1 shows an SEM image of the positive electrode active material prepared according to Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows an SEM image of the positive electrode active material prepared according to Comparative Example 1.
- Example 3 is an XRD analysis result of the cathode active material of Example 1;
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing charge and discharge characteristics of a lithium secondary battery manufactured according to Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing layer discharge characteristics of a lithium secondary battery manufactured according to Comparative Example 1.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery represented by Chemical Formula 1, wherein the manufacturing method includes (a) a metal salt including a lithium raw material, manganese raw material, nickel raw material, and cobalt raw material. Preparing an aqueous solution; (b) wet grinding the aqueous metal salt solution for 2 to 12 hours at 2000 to 6000 rpm using beads having a particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.30 mm 3 to prepare a slurry; (c) adding a carbon source to the slurry; (d) spray drying the slurry of step (c) to produce a mixed powder; And (e) heat treating the mixed powder.
- M is Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ag, Ca, Na, K, In, Ga, Ge, V, Mo, Nb, Si, Ti and Zr, at least one member selected from the group Metal.
- M is Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ag, Ca, Na, K, In, Ga, Ge, V, Mo, Nb, Si, Ti and Zr, at least one member selected from the group Metal.
- the lithium raw material may be lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium oxide, a combination thereof, or the like.
- manganese raw material manganese sulfate, manganese nitrate, manganese hydrochloride, manganese acetate and combinations thereof may be used.
- the nickel raw material may be used nickel sulfate salt, nickel nitrate salt, nickel hydrochloride salt, nickel acetate salt and combinations thereof.
- the cobalt raw material may be cobalt sulfate salt, cobalt nitrate salt, cobalt hydrochloride salt, cobalt acetate salt, or a combination thereof.
- the cathode active material represented by Chemical Formula 1 is L.3Nio.2Coo too.7O2,
- an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent may be used, for example, water may be used.
- lithium carbonate, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide and manganese oxide are mixed at a ratio of 1.50: 0.20: 0.10: 0.70 to prepare a mixture, and then ultrapure water is added to the mixture. It can be added to prepare a metal salt aqueous solution.
- the prepared aqueous metal salt solution is pulverized for 2 to 12 hours at 2000 to 6000 rpm in a wet grinding classifier using beads having a particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.30 mm 3, thereby obtaining a slurry containing a solid (coprecipitation precursor).
- a wet grinding classifier a device generally used may be used as the wet grinding classifier.
- the grinding media beads containing alumina, zirconia, yttria, and the like may be used.
- alumina beads may be used.
- the particle diameter of the bead is 0.05 to 0.30 ⁇ , for example, may be 0.05 to 0.1Onm.
- the average particle diameter of the solids present in the slurry can be adjusted so as not to be too large or too small.
- the mixed powder (precursor of the positive electrode active material) formed after the spray drying of step (d) The average particle diameter of the particles may range from 50 to 200 nm.
- the wet grinding speed of the aqueous metal salt solution may be 2000 to 6000 rpm, for example, 3000 to 5000 rpm.
- Slur The solids in the lith may be sufficiently pulverized, but may be prevented from being too finely pulverized. Therefore, the size of solid content becomes so small that the density of the positive electrode active material becomes too high and the capacity
- the wet grinding time of the aqueous metal salt solution is 2 to 12 hours, for example
- the metal salt aqueous solution is pulverized for the time in the numerical range, the discharge capacity generated by the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material ultimately produced may be exceeded 600 nm, and the average particle diameter of the solid is too small. It can prevent you from losing.
- step (b) To the slurry obtained in step (b) is added a carbon source.
- the carbon source controls the particle size by inhibiting the growth of crystals of the positive electrode active material.
- the carbon source is oxidized in the heat treatment step (e) below to discharge carbon dioxide, and at this time, it is possible to prevent the crystals of the positive electrode active material from continuously agglomerated and grown. Therefore, by adding a carbon source to the slurry, the cathode active material having an average particle diameter of the primary particles of the cathode active material of 200 nm or more and less than 600 nm, preferably 400 nm or more and 500 nm or less and having a surface porosity of 15 to 30% can be obtained. have.
- the particle size of the primary particles of the positive electrode active material is not uniform and the average particle diameter exceeds 600 nm to easily obtain a uniform and dense positive electrode active material.
- the carbon source of step (c) is added, the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the positive electrode active material can be easily adjusted to 200 nm or more and less than 600 nm, for example, 400 nm or more and 500 nm or less, thereby realizing a high capacity positive electrode active material. have.
- Sucrose, urea, acetic acid, ethylene glycol, and the like may be used as the carbon source to be added to the sulfery, for example, sucrose may be used. Can be.
- the carbon source may be included in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight, for example, 2 to 5% by weight based on the total amount of the positive electrode active material. When the carbon source is included to satisfy the numerical range, high capacity may be realized by easily adjusting the size and surface porosity of the cathode active material.
- a binder, an additive, or the like may be added to the slurry in addition to the carbon source, and the binder and the additive may be ones commonly used.
- the binder is a binder which helps the primary particles of the positive electrode active material to agglomerate with each other, and a water-insoluble bar may be a water-soluble binder or a combination thereof.
- the non-aqueous binder include polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polymers including polyvinyl fluoride ethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyvinyl. Leaden fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamideimide, polyimide or combinations thereof may be used.
- the water-soluble binder may include styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, propylene and olefin resins having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, (meth) acrylic acid and (meth Copolymers of alkyl acrylates or combinations thereof.
- the mixed powder is prepared by spray drying the slurry obtained in the step (C).
- Air, nitrogen, and the like can be used as the gas supplied during spray drying of the slurry, but air is usually used.
- Spray drying may be carried out in a pressurized atmosphere, for example, the air pressure during spray drying may be 1.3 to 2.0 bar.
- the temperature conditions during spray drying may be 105 to 250 ° C.
- the means for spraying is not particularly important and is not limited to pressurizing a nozzle having a specified pore size; Any known spray-drying apparatus can be used.
- Atomizers are generally classified into rotary disk type and nozzle type.
- the nozzle type is pressure nozzle type.
- the feed rate, feed viscosity, desired particle size of the spray-dried product, the droplet size of the dispersion, the oil-in-water emulsion or the water-in-oil microemulsion are factors that are typically considered in the selection of the spraying means.
- the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material precursor contained in the spray dried mixture is 50 to 200 nm.
- the primary particles of the precursor of the positive electrode active material is 50 nm or less, the solid content is too low to produce a positive electrode active material having a low density, resulting in deterioration of the lithium secondary battery, and when the primary particles of the precursor are larger than 200 nm, Uniform mixing between the raw materials is hindered, which in turn leads to deterioration.
- the precursor of the positive electrode active material obtained by spray drying of step (C) is heat-treated for 2 to 24 hours at a temperature of 800 to 1200 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature is 800 to 100 (TC is preferred, more preferably 850 to 950 ° C.).
- the heat treatment time is preferably 2 to 24 hours, more preferably 8 to 16 hours.
- the numerical range is satisfied, primary particles of the positive electrode active material are maintained in the range of 200 nm or more and less than 600 nm, thereby obtaining a positive electrode active material having high bulk density and high surface porosity.
- This firing temperature may vary depending on the raw materials constituting the cathode active material.
- the heat treatment may include a primary and secondary firing process.
- the mixed powder obtained by spray drying may be first calcined at a temperature of 500 to 750 ° C for 2 to 12 hours, and then secondly calcined at 4 to 8 hours at a temperature of 800 to 1000 ° C. have.
- the heat treatment time during the secondary firing can be reduced, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the positive electrode active material.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery manufactured by the above manufacturing method.
- the cathode active material represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 provides an anode active material for lithium secondary batteries having an average particle diameter of 200 nm or more and less than 600 nm and a surface porosity of 15 to 30% or more.
- M is Al, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ag, Ca, Na, K, In, Ga, Ge, V, Mo, Nb, Si, Ti and Zr, at least one member selected from the group Metal.
- the cathode active material represented by Chemical Formula 1 is a lithium-rich layered metal composite oxide containing lithium of about 1.2 moles or more and about 1.5 moles or less, and a lithium metal composite oxide and Li 2 Mn0 3 are present in solid solution. It has a structure When the lithium secondary battery manufactured by using the cathode active material is layered at about 4.6 to 5.0 V, Li 2 Mn0 3 may be electrochemically activated to implement a discharge capacity of 200 mAhg _1 or more. In this case, the lithium-rich layered metal composite oxide is charged at a high voltage of 4.6 V or more based on the anode potential. Oxygen is generated with a flat level section in the vicinity of about 4.6 to about 5V. At this time, the layer lamination method is not particularly limited, and may be a method known in the art.
- the cathode active material may include nickel, cobalt, and manganese, and the molar ratio of nickel, cobalt, and manganese may be appropriately adjusted according to the purpose.
- Manganese is contained in an amount of at least 0.5 moles for metals other than lithium.
- some of the manganese may be substituted with other elements to extend the life characteristics.
- the metal that may be substituted include transition metals and rare earth metals.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the cathode active material may be 200 nm or more and less than 600 nm, for example, 400 to 500 nm or less.
- the surface porosity of the cathode active material may be controlled to 15 to 30%.
- the surface porosity of the positive electrode active material is 15% to 3 (», preferably
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material represented by the formula (1); A negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of insertion / desorption of lithium ions; A separator present between the anode and the cathode; And it provides a lithium secondary battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the discharge capacity of the lithium secondary battery may be 200 mAhg _1 or more.
- the lithium secondary battery may be in the form of a coin, a button, a sheet, a cylinder, a square, or the like.
- the lithium secondary batteries may be manufactured by a known method, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- manufacture of a positive electrode plate and the structure of a lithium secondary battery are demonstrated easily, it is not limited to these.
- the positive electrode may include at least one positive electrode active material represented by Chemical Formula 1 as a conductive material, a binder and other additives such as a filler, a dispersant, an ion conductive material, and a pressure enhancer. After dissolving in a suitable organic solvent with an additive, it can be prepared by slurry or paste, which is applied, dried and pressed on a current collector.
- a positive electrode active material represented by Chemical Formula 1 as a conductive material, a binder and other additives such as a filler, a dispersant, an ion conductive material, and a pressure enhancer.
- the positive electrode may include a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer represented by Chemical Formula 1, and may also have a coating layer on the surface of the positive electrode active material, or may be used in combination with a compound having the positive electrode active material and the coating layer. It may be.
- the coating layer may be an oxide of Mg, Al, Co, K, Na, Ca, Si, Ti, V, Sn, Ge, Ga, B, As, Zr or a combination thereof as the coating element compound.
- the binder includes polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl salose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl salose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, ethylene oxide Polymer, polyvinylpyridone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon and the like can be used. However, it is not limited thereto.
- the figure is used to impart conductivity to the rust, and any battery can be used as long as it is an electronically conductive material without causing chemical changes in the battery, and examples thereof include natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, Acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon fiber, metal powders such as copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, metal fibers and the like can be used, and conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives or a mixture of one or more Can be used.
- foil such as copper, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, sheet black carbon fiber, or the like may be used.
- the negative electrode includes a current collector and a negative electrode active material layer formed on the current collector.
- the negative electrode active material one or two or more kinds of a graphite-like carbon material or a transition metal complex oxide capable of reversibly intercalating / deintercalating lithium ions may be used.
- silicon, tin, etc. can also be used as a cathode material.
- the negative electrode active material layer also includes a binder, and optionally may further include a conductive material.
- the binder adheres the anode active particles well to each other, and also adheres the anode active material to the current collector.
- the binder include polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cell rose, and hydroxypropyl cell rose.
- Polyvinylchloride, carboxylated polyvinylchloride, polyvinylfluoride, polymers containing ethylene oxide, polyvinylpyridone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, poly Propylene, Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Acrylated Styrene- Butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon and the like can be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the conductive material examples include carbon-based materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and carbon fiber; Metal materials such as metal powder or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum and silver; Conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives; Or an electroconductive material containing these mixture can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector copper foil, nickel foil, stainless steel foil, titanium foil, nickel foam, copper foam, a polymer substrate coated with a conductive metal, or a combination thereof may be used.
- the electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- a carbonate-based, ester-based ether, ketone-based, alcohol-based or aprotic solvent may be used.
- the carbonate solvent include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propylene carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), and ethylene Carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC)
- the ester solvent may be methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, dimethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethylprop Cypionate, Butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone
- ether solvent dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetra hydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, and the like may be used.
- ketone solvent cyclonucananone may be used.
- the alcohol solvent may be ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, etc.
- the aprotic solvent is R-CN (R is a C2 to C20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group, Nitriles such as a bond aromatic ring or ether bonds), amides such as dimethylformamide, dioxolanes such as 1,3—dioxolane, and sulfolanes.
- R-CN R is a C2 to C20 linear, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon group, Nitriles such as a bond aromatic ring or ether bonds
- amides such as dimethylformamide
- dioxolanes such as 1,3—dioxolane
- sulfolanes sulfolanes.
- the non-aqueous organic solvent may be used alone or in mixture of one or more.
- the mixing ratio in the case of using one or more of the mixtures may be appropriately adjusted according to the desired battery performance. Can be widely understood.
- Lithium salts dissolved in such a solvent include LiC104, LiBF4, LiPF 6) LiAlCl 4 ,
- imides such as LiN (C 2 F 5 S0 2 ) 2 and LiN (CF 3 S0 2 ) (C 4 F 9 S0 2 ). These may be used alone or in any combination within the range of the electrolyte solution to be used alone or in a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. Among them, it is particularly preferable to include LiPF 6 .
- carbon tetrachloride, ethylene trifluoride (ethylene), and phosphate containing black phosphorus may be included in the electrolyte.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylladen fluoride or two or more multilayer films thereof may be used, and polyethylene / polypropylene two-layer separator, polyethylene / polypropylene / polyethylene three-layer separator, polar propylene / A mixed multilayer film such as polyethylene / polypropylene three-layer separator can be used.
- Lithium carbonate, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and manganese oxide were weighed at a ratio of 1.50: 0.20: 0.10: 0.70 (metal molar ratio) to prepare 200 g of a mixture, so that the solid concentration of the mixture was 40%.
- a metal salt aqueous solution was prepared. The aqueous metal salt solution was added to a storage tank of a wet milling separator, and then ground using a bead of 0.1 kPa for 8 hours at a speed of 4000 RPM to prepare a slurry.
- Sucrose was added in an amount of 0.5% by weight and 5% by weight, respectively, with respect to the total amount of the final positive electrode active material, and distilled water was added to the slurry so that the solid content in the slurry was 25%. Dried in a manner. At this time, the drying conditions were to maintain the internal temperature at about 120 ° C. Hot air inlet temperature of about 250 ° C, outlet temperature of about 105 ° C. In spraying conditions, air pressure is 1.5 bar, flow rate is 5.6 MPa Spray drying was performed so that it might become. The average particle diameter of the primary particles of the resulting spherical precursor was uniform at 100 nm, and the average particle diameter of the precursor was 12 mm 3 (FIG. 1).
- the precursor was heat-treated at about 1000 ° C for 6 hours in air to prepare a cathode active material, the average particle diameter of the primary particles of the cathode active material was 500nm, the average particle diameter of the cathode active material is 5 to 25 It was.
- the amount prepared above The electrode active material is shown in Figure 2 by taking a SEM picture using JSM-7000F (Je).
- the positive electrode active material is shown in FIG. 3 by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD).
- Example 1 a cathode active material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the wet grinding time was changed from 8 hours to 3 hours, and the average particle diameter of the cathode active material primary particles was 800 nm. .
- Example 1 a positive electrode active material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that sucrose was not added to the slurry, and the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material primary particles was 600 nm.
- Example 1 the positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.5 mm beads were used and the grinding time was changed to 3 hours instead of 0.1 mm beads.
- the average particle diameter of the cathode active material primary particles was 850 nm.
- the surface porosity of the positive electrode active material prepared according to Example 1 was as high as 20%, while Comparative Examples 1 to 3 had surface porosities of 13%, 10% and 5%. It was lower than in Example 1.
- the lithium secondary battery according to Example 1 has a life expectancy even after 50 times of layer discharge.
- the positive electrode active material of 1 had an initial discharge capacity as high as 202 mAhg ⁇ 1 , but Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were as low as 174mAhg _1 , 156mAhg ⁇ 1 and 120mAhg 1 , respectively.
- the present invention adjusts the pulverization time, speed, and size of the beads, and adds a carbon source to the slurry after pulverization, thereby uniformly controlling the size of the precursor and the positive electrode active material particles, thereby preventing the densities from dropping, and thus the positive electrode active material.
- a carbon source to the slurry after pulverization, thereby uniformly controlling the size of the precursor and the positive electrode active material particles, thereby preventing the densities from dropping, and thus the positive electrode active material.
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Abstract
Description
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US14/375,140 US9825291B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2012-09-21 | Positive active material for lithium secondary battery and method of preparing same |
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KR102380022B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-29 | 2022-03-29 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 양극 활물질 및 그 제조방법, 상기 양극 활물질을 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 |
KR102006207B1 (ko) | 2015-11-30 | 2019-08-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극활물질 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
KR101927295B1 (ko) * | 2015-11-30 | 2018-12-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이차전지용 양극활물질 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
KR102004665B1 (ko) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-07-26 | 히타치 긴조쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 리튬 이온 이차 전지용 정극 활물질 및 그것을 포함하는 정극, 그리고 그 정극을 구비하는 리튬 이온 이차 전지 |
CN110436530A (zh) * | 2019-07-18 | 2019-11-12 | 镇江博润新材料有限公司 | 一种蛋黄壳结构钴酸锰多孔微球及其制备方法 |
EP4129926A4 (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2023-12-20 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL MANUFACTURED BY SOLID PHASE SYNTHESIS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME |
US20230295007A1 (en) * | 2020-10-06 | 2023-09-21 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Method Of Preparing Positive Electrode Active Material For Lithium Secondary Battery And Positive Electrode Active Material Prepared By The Same |
CN115132998B (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2023-08-18 | 华南理工大学 | 一种表面结构重组的富锂锰基正极材料及其制备方法与应用 |
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