WO2013114665A1 - 集光光学系および投写型画像表示装置 - Google Patents
集光光学系および投写型画像表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013114665A1 WO2013114665A1 PCT/JP2012/074046 JP2012074046W WO2013114665A1 WO 2013114665 A1 WO2013114665 A1 WO 2013114665A1 JP 2012074046 W JP2012074046 W JP 2012074046W WO 2013114665 A1 WO2013114665 A1 WO 2013114665A1
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- light
- condensing
- optical system
- emitting
- incident
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/208—Homogenising, shaping of the illumination light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only
- G02B19/0014—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only at least one surface having optical power
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
- G02B19/0061—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a LED
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/0994—Fibers, light pipes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/005—Projectors using an electronic spatial light modulator but not peculiar thereto
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/06—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with cylindrical or toric faces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a condensing optical system and a projection image display apparatus using the same.
- a lamp light source has been mainly used as a light source of a projection type image display apparatus.
- the lamp light source has drawbacks such as a small amount of red light emission and a short life, in recent years, instead of the lamp light source, a surface light source such as a light emitting diode (LED) having a longer life is used. It is used. Since light emitted from a single color LED has a narrow wavelength band, a wide color reproduction range can be realized by using a combination of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) LEDs.
- RGB red
- G green
- B blue
- Patent Document 1 in order to improve light utilization efficiency, R, G, and B LEDs having a rectangular light emitting surface are used, and light emitted from an arbitrary point on each light emitting surface is collimated by a collimating optical system.
- an illumination optical system has been proposed in which the synthesized light is synthesized by a dichroic mirror and the synthesized light is condensed on the entrance surface of the integrator rod by a condenser lens.
- an LED light source image (light emitting surface image) is formed at a predetermined magnification on the incident surface of the integrator rod.
- the aspect ratio of the light emitting surface may be different from the aspect ratio of the screen shape of the display.
- the light source illuminates a region of the image display element having an aspect ratio different from the aspect ratio of the light emitting surface, and a light amount loss occurs.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a configuration in which the aspect ratio of the light emitting surface of the light source is converted by providing a toric lens having a toroidal surface in the optical path in the illumination optical system of the projection type image display apparatus.
- JP 2009-300772 A (paragraphs 0043-0050)
- JP 2004-61848 (paragraphs 0046 to 0052)
- the first condition is that the incident angle of light is an allowable incident angle (a predetermined angle at which light can be effectively used in the apparatus).
- the second condition is to collect light within a predetermined illumination area.
- the light source image of the LED is blurred in the peripheral portion due to the aberration of the condenser lens, so that it is formed substantially larger. As a result, if the light source image of the LED becomes larger than the incident surface of the integrator rod, a light amount loss occurs.
- the aspect ratio of the light emitting surface of the light source can be converted and condensed in a desired illumination area having a different aspect ratio, but the aspect ratio is converted.
- the light collection angle on the illumination surface changes according to Etendue's conservation law.
- Etendue's conservation law is a natural law that the product of the available light source area and the solid angle is constant.
- the aspect ratio is converted to 16: 9, and is projected onto a screen.
- a toric lens having a toroidal surface is used to change the imaging magnification in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis and the imaging magnification in the direction horizontal to the optical axis.
- the aspect ratio of 4: 3 can be converted to the aspect ratio of 16: 9.
- the short side direction of the screen is in the direction of compressing the aspect ratio.
- the light beam in the short side direction of the screen has a larger light collection angle than the light beam in the long side direction of the screen. Therefore, the incident angle of the light beam in the short side direction of the screen becomes larger than a predetermined angle (allowable incident angle) that can be effectively used in the apparatus, and there is a problem that the loss of light amount is not reduced as a whole.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and a condensing optical system that can reduce light loss when condensing light emitted from a light source and can obtain high light utilization efficiency. It is another object of the present invention to provide a projection type image display apparatus using the condensing optical system.
- the present invention also provides a condensing optical system capable of reducing light loss even when the aspect ratio of the surface emitting light source and the aspect ratio of the light intensity distribution uniformizing element or the image display element are different, and the projection image An object is to provide a display device.
- a condensing optical system has a light-emitting surface, a surface-emitting light source that emits light from the light-emitting surface, and collimating optics having positive power that converts light emitted from the light-emitting surface into substantially parallel light System, a condensing element having a positive power for condensing light converted into substantially parallel light, and an incident surface on which the light condensed by the condensing element is incident, and the light intensity of the incident light
- a light intensity distribution uniformizing element that makes the distribution uniform and emits the light from the output surface, out of the light collected on the incident surface of the light intensity distribution uniformizing element, The condensing angle is smaller than the condensing angle of the light collected at the corner of the incident surface.
- the condensing optical system according to the present invention also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and a positive power that converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- a collimating optical system a condensing element having a positive power for condensing the light converted into substantially parallel light, and an incident surface on which the light condensed by the condensing element is incident;
- a light intensity distribution uniformizing element that uniformizes the light intensity distribution and exits from the exit surface, and is the center of the entrance surface among the light spots formed by the light condensed on the incident surface of the light intensity distribution uniformization element The light spot formed in the part is larger than the light spot formed in the corner of the incident surface.
- the condensing optical system also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and a positive power that converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- a light intensity distribution uniformizing element that equalizes the light intensity distribution and emits from the light emitting surface, and the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface is emitted from the light emitting surface of the surface light source. Compared with the light radiated from the corners, the light is condensed at a position farther from the light condensing element.
- the condensing optical system according to the present invention also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and a positive power that converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- a light intensity distribution uniformizing element that equalizes the light intensity distribution and emits from the exit surface, and the image forming magnification at which the light emitting surface of the surface light source is imaged on the incident surface of the light intensity distribution uniformizing element is surface emitting It is characterized in that it is larger at the center than at the corner of the light emitting surface of the light source.
- the condensing optical system according to the present invention also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and a positive power that converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- a collimating optical system and a condensing element having a positive power for condensing the light converted into substantially parallel light on the display surface of the image display element, and the light collected on the display surface of the image display element Among these, the light collection angle of the light condensed on the central portion of the display surface is smaller than the light collection angle of the light condensed on the corner portion.
- the condensing optical system according to the present invention also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and a positive power that converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- the condensing optical system according to the present invention also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and a positive power that converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- a collimating optical system, and a condensing element having a positive power for condensing the light converted into substantially parallel light onto the display surface of the image display element, and the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the surface light source The light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface is condensed at a position farther from the light collecting element than the light emitted from the corner of the light emitting surface.
- the condensing optical system according to the present invention also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and a positive power that converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- a collimating optical system and a condensing element having a positive power for condensing the light converted into substantially parallel light on the display surface of the image display element, and the light emitting surface of the surface emitting light source is the display surface of the image display element
- the imaging magnification that is imaged on the center is larger at the center than at the corner of the light emitting surface of the surface emitting light source.
- the condensing optical system according to the present invention also has a light emitting surface, a surface emitting light source that emits light from the light emitting surface, and has positive power, and converts light emitted from the light emitting surface into substantially parallel light.
- a collimating optical system that has positive power, has two or more toroidal surfaces, condenses light that has been converted into substantially parallel light, and light collected by the condensing element It has an incident surface, and has a light intensity distribution uniformizing element that uniformizes the light intensity distribution of the incident light and emits it from the output surface.
- the aspect ratio of the light emitting surface is different from the aspect ratio of the incident surface.
- the light that is condensed at the center of the incident surface in the compression direction of the aspect ratio is condensed at the edge in the compression direction of the aspect ratio It is characterized by being smaller than the condensing angle.
- light loss can be reduced and light utilization efficiency can be improved. Further, even when the aspect ratio of the surface emitting light source and the aspect ratio of the light intensity distribution uniformizing element are different, it is possible to reduce the light amount loss in the light intensity distribution uniformizing element and improve the light utilization efficiency.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a condensing optical system according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a light collection state on an incident surface of an integrator rod in the light collection optical system according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing the size of image formation on the entrance surface of the integrator rod in the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the shape of the condenser lens of the condensing optical system in Embodiment 1, and its condensing state. It is a figure which shows an example of the shape of the condenser lens of the condensing optical system of a modification, and its condensing state.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a specific configuration of a condensing optical system corresponding to Numerical Example 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the shape of a condenser lens corresponding to Numerical Example 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a light spot on an incident surface of an integrator rod of a condensing optical system corresponding to Numerical Example 1 of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the relative image height of the condensing optical system corresponding to Numerical Example 1 of Embodiment 1, and the incident position to an integrator rod.
- (A) And (B) is a figure which shows the illumination intensity distribution on an incident surface in the condensing optical system in Embodiment 1, when there is no restriction
- (A) and (B) are on the incident surface when the condensing angle to the incident surface of the integrator rod is limited to an allowable incident angle of 30 degrees (half angle) in the condensing optical system in the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows illuminance distribution.
- (A) And (B) is a graph which compares and shows the illumination distribution corresponding to FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, respectively. It is a figure which shows the light distribution of a surface emitting light source.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a light collection region on an incident surface of an integrator rod of Reference Example 2.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a light collection state in a light collection optical system according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an imaging state of light emitted from a minute light emission region of a condensing optical system according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an imaging state of light emitted from a minute light emission region of a condensing optical system according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. (A) And (B) is a schematic diagram which shows the condensing state of the condensing F value control lens of the condensing optical system in Embodiment 3.
- FIG. (A) And (B) is a figure which shows the structure of the condensing optical system corresponding to Numerical Example 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the radiation position of the light radiated
- 10 is a configuration diagram illustrating a configuration of a condensing optical system corresponding to Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 4 It is a figure which shows the condensing spot on the entrance plane of the integrator rod of the condensing optical system corresponding to the comparative example 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure of the condensing optical system and projection type image display apparatus in Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- (A) And (B) is explanatory drawing which shows the shape of the taper-shaped integrator rod in Embodiment 4 in contrast with a general integrator rod.
- A) And (B) is a figure for demonstrating the condensing area
- FIG. 1 A) And (B) is a perspective view which shows the structure of the integrator rod in Embodiment 4 in contrast with a general integrator rod.
- FIG. 2 A) And (B) is a block diagram which shows the structure of the condensing optical system in Numerical Example 2.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the condensing spot on the entrance plane of the integrator rod of the condensing optical system in Numerical Example 3.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the angle dependence of the light ray in the entrance plane of the integrator rod of the condensing optical system in Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic configuration of a projection type image display apparatus 2A having a condensing optical system 1A according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the condensing optical system 1A according to the first embodiment includes a surface emitting light source 11r for red that emits light in a red (R) wavelength band (hereinafter, red light), and light in a green (G) wavelength band (hereinafter, referred to as red light).
- Green surface light source 11g for emitting blue light
- blue surface light source 11b for emitting light in the blue (B) wavelength band (hereinafter referred to as blue light).
- red (R) light is indicated by a one-dot chain line
- green (G) light is indicated by a long broken line
- blue (B) light is indicated by a short broken line.
- the surface emitting light source 11r has a light emitting surface 12r that emits red light.
- the surface light source 11g has a light emitting surface 12g that emits green light, and the surface light source 11b has a light emitting surface 12b that emits blue light.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are flat surfaces having the same rectangular shape and the same size.
- the surface-emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b can be configured by an LED (light emitting diode), an EL (electroluminescence) element, a semiconductor laser, and a combination thereof.
- LED light emitting diode
- EL electroluminescence
- semiconductor laser and a combination thereof.
- the condensing optical system 1A also has collimating lenses (collimating optical systems) 13r, 13g, and 13b having positive powers on the emission sides of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b, respectively. is doing.
- the collimating lens 13r converts the red light emitted from the red light emitting surface 12r into substantially parallel light (parallel light conversion).
- the collimating lens 13g converts green light emitted from the green light emitting surface 12g into substantially parallel light.
- the collimating lens 13b converts the blue light emitted from the blue light emitting surface 12b into substantially parallel light.
- the condensing optical system 1A also combines the red light that has passed through the red collimating lens 13r, the green light that has passed through the green collimating lens 13g, and the blue light that has passed through the blue collimating lens 13b.
- Photosynthesis means are provided.
- the light combining means is constituted by, for example, a cross dichroic mirror having two dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 orthogonal to each other.
- the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 have a characteristic of transmitting or reflecting light in a specific wavelength band. In FIG. 1, the synthesized light is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
- the light combining means includes a dichroic mirror 6 that transmits green light and blue light and reflects red light, and a dichroic mirror 7 that transmits red light and green light and reflects blue light. . Since the cross dichroic mirror can reduce the mirror arrangement space compared to the case where the two dichroic mirrors are arranged apart from each other, a more compact condensing optical system can be realized.
- the photosynthesis means is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the condensing optical system 1 ⁇ / b> A is also condensed by a condenser lens (condenser element) 4 having a positive power for condensing the light synthesized by the light synthesizing means (dichroic mirrors 6 and 7), and the condenser lens 4.
- a condenser lens (condenser element) 4 having a positive power for condensing the light synthesized by the light synthesizing means (dichroic mirrors 6 and 7), and the condenser lens 4.
- an integrator rod 8 as a light intensity distribution uniformizing element for making the light intensity distribution uniform.
- the integrator rod 8 has an incident surface 81 on which the light condensed by the condenser lens 4 is incident, and an output surface 82 that emits light having a uniform light intensity distribution.
- the condenser lens 4 receives the light synthesized by the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 and condenses the synthesized light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 at a desired angle.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b for R, G, and B and the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 have a conjugate relationship, and the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 emits light. Secondary light source images of the surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are formed.
- the integrator rod 8 is formed of a rectangular column-shaped transparent member (here, glass) having a rectangular cross section, and the incident surface 81 has a rectangular shape similar to that of the image display element (indicated by reference numeral 22 in FIG. 1). Have.
- the light incident on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 propagates through the integrator rod while repeating total reflection at the glass / air interface, so that the light of each color is made uniform and emitted from the output surface 82.
- the light intensity distribution uniformizing element is not limited to the integrator rod 8, and may be a hollow light pipe using total reflection on the inner surface or other elements.
- the projection-type image display device 2A is configured such that the condensing optical system 1A configured as described above and the light that is emitted from the condensing optical system 1A (light whose light intensity distribution is made uniform by the integrator rod 8) is incident.
- An optical system 21, an image display element 22 that generates light by modulating light incident from the illumination optical system 21, and a projection optical system 24 that magnifies and projects the image light generated by the image display element 22 are provided. Yes.
- a rear projection type image display apparatus provided with a screen, it further includes a screen 25 on which image light is enlarged and projected.
- the illumination optical system (also referred to as illumination optical element) 21 irradiates the light emitted from the integrator rod 8 onto the display surface (display area) 23 of the image display element 22, and is composed of, for example, a lens.
- the output surface 82 of the integrator rod 8 and the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 are conjugated with each other, and an image of the output surface 82 of the rectangular integrator rod 8 having uniform luminance is displayed on the image display element 22. An image is formed on the surface 23.
- the image display element 22 is, for example, a transmissive or reflective liquid crystal panel, or a reflective DMD (Digital Micro-Mirror Device).
- the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 has a configuration in which a large number of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged.
- the image display element 22 generates image light by intensity-modulating the light emitted from the illumination optical system 21 for each pixel according to the video signal.
- the projection optical system 24 enlarges and projects the light (image light) modulated by the image display element 22 onto the screen 25.
- the screen 25 uses a reflective screen, and an observer observes an image by reflected light.
- a transmissive screen is used, and an observer views an image by transmitted light.
- the surface of the screen 25 and the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 are disposed at conjugate positions.
- the projection type image display apparatus 2A configured as described above displays an image as follows. That is, red light, green light, and blue light emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are transmitted through the corresponding collimating lenses (collimating optical systems) 13r, 13g, and 13b. It becomes substantially parallel light and is incident on the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 and synthesized. The light synthesized by the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 is condensed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 by the condenser lens 4.
- the light whose light intensity distribution is made uniform by the integrator rod 8 passes through the illumination optical system 21 and is irradiated to the image display element 22, and the image light modulated by the image display element 22 is screened by the projection optical system 24. And an image is displayed on the screen 25.
- the condensing optical system 1A illuminates the image display element 22 (illuminated body), it may be referred to as an illumination device.
- the relationship between the sizes of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b, the size of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8, and the size of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 will be described in more detail.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 are in a conjugate relationship with each other, and the light emitting surfaces 82 of the integrator rod 8 and The display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is in a conjugate relationship with each other.
- Etendue an amount called “Etendue” is considered.
- the concept of etendue is applied to the condensing optical system 1A and the projection type image display apparatus 2A in the first embodiment, the light distribution of the light beams emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b
- the following formulas (1) to (3) are expressed by the product of the area of the light receiving surface and the solid angle of light emitted from the light emitting surface or received by the light receiving surface.
- Es As ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ sin 2 ( ⁇ s) (1)
- Ei Ai ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ sin 2 ( ⁇ i) (2)
- El Al ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ sin 2 ( ⁇ l) (3)
- Es is an etendue of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b.
- ⁇ s is emitted from the light-emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface-emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b, and the light emitted from the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b is emitted with the largest divergence angle. It is an angle (take-in angle) with respect to the normal line of the surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- ⁇ is the circumference ratio.
- Ei is the etendue of the integrator rod 8.
- Ai is the area of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- ⁇ i is emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b at the above-described capture angles, and is incident on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 and is incident on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8. This is the angle to the normal (condensing angle).
- El is the etendue of the image display element 22.
- Al is the area of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22.
- ⁇ l is an angle (illumination angle) with respect to a normal line of the display surface 23 of a light beam incident on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 after entering the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 at the above-described condensing angle.
- the condensing optical system and the illumination optical system are designed so that the values of Es, Ei, and El are the same.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b have a size (horizontal direction ⁇ vertical direction) of 3 mm ⁇ 4 mm (diagonal dimension is 5 mm), and hemispheres from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b
- the size of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is set to 12 mm ⁇ 16 mm (diagonal dimension 20 mm), and the F value of light illuminating the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is set to 2.0 ( ⁇ l ⁇ 14). .5 °), the etendue (El) of the image display element 22 is calculated as follows from the equation (3) to be about 37.7, and the etendue (Es) of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b: Can be the same.
- the etendue (Ei) of the integrator rod 8 is calculated as follows from the formula (2), and is about 37.7, and the etendue (Es) of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and the etendue ( El) can be the same.
- the optical system comprising the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, 13b and the condenser lens 4 doubles the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, 12b (size: 3 mm ⁇ 4 mm) of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, 11b.
- the image is enlarged and imaged on the incident surface 81 (size: 6 mm ⁇ 8 mm) of the integrator rod 8.
- the light source image of the LED is blurred and formed substantially large in the peripheral portion due to the aberration of the optical system including the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, 13b and the condenser lens 4, or the optical system is connected.
- the incident of the integrator rod 8 is performed.
- Light is also irradiated to the outside of the surface 81 (that is, there is light that is not incident on the incident surface 81), and a light amount loss occurs.
- the magnification of the optical system including the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b and the condenser lens 4 is made smaller than a desired value, the secondary light source images of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are obtained.
- the light is irradiated to the outside of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 becomes smaller.
- the condensing angle of the light incident on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is increased, the illumination angle of the light incident on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is also increased. Loss or enlargement of the projection optical system is caused.
- the condensing optical system 1A forms an image of light emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b with a predetermined capture angle into a predetermined size at a predetermined condensing angle. If this predetermined condensing angle and size are exceeded, a light loss or the like occurs.
- the display of the image display element 22 is considered in consideration of manufacturing errors and uniformity.
- the illumination angle is slightly larger than the display surface 23 (illumination margin), etc., so that in practice, the take-in angle and the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 are adjusted according to the specifications of the optical system. The size and the like are optimized as appropriate.
- the etendue of the integrator rod 8 and the etendue of the image display element 22 are the same or have a certain relationship, as described above, the etendue of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and the etendue of the integrator rod 8 are the same. It is most desirable in terms of light utilization efficiency. However, in practice, the size and specifications of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and the image display element 22 are limited, and the etendue of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and the etendue of the integrator rod 8 are not necessarily limited. Cannot always be matched.
- the etendue of the surface emitting light source is set smaller than the etendue of the integrator rod, the maximum brightness that can be achieved by the image display element 22 cannot be obtained. Is often set larger. Even if the etendue of the surface emitting light source is set to be smaller than the etendue of the integrator rod, a light amount loss occurs if the aberration of the condensing system is large.
- FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show, as Reference Example 1, a configuration in the case where all of the light emitted from the surface emitting light source cannot be taken into the integrator rod at a converging angle equal to or less than a desired angle, and a light amount loss occurs.
- the components of the reference example 1 will be described using the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment for convenience of explanation.
- the size of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is determined by the specifications (area and F value) of the image display element 22.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b have the same magnification as that of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8, and the image forming magnification of the integrator rod 8 is set.
- An image is formed on the incident surface 81.
- light emitted from each point of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is condensed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 at an angle ⁇ that is larger than the allowable incident angle.
- This light loss is referred to as light loss due to angle.
- the allowable incident angle means that when the incident angle of light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 becomes larger than this, a part of the light emitted from the integrator rod 8 is a subsequent optical element (in this case, the illumination optical system 21). And the limit of the incident angle at which the light does not enter the projection optical system 24).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an optical path in the condensing optical system 1A according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Note that the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 are omitted here because the influence of the light emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b on the light converging (converging) state can be ignored.
- the etendue of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is larger than the etendue of the integrator rod 8 in common with the reference example 1 (FIGS. 2 and 3).
- the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are collectively referred to as “surface emitting light source 11” as necessary.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are collectively referred to as “light emitting surface 12”, and the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b are collectively referred to as “collimating lens 13”.
- the first embodiment particularly reduces the light amount loss due to the angle (FIG. 2).
- the imaging magnification when the image of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 is formed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is larger at the center than at the corner of the incident surface 81.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a state in which light emitted from the light emitting surface 12 (12r, 12g, 12b) of the surface light source 11 (11r, 11g, 11b) is condensed on the integrator rod 8.
- FIG. Here, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the normal direction of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is horizontal.
- the light emitted downward from the horizontal direction from one point of the corner of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is collected at the angle u1 upward from the horizontal direction at the corner of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8. .
- Light emitted upward from the horizontal direction from one corner of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 is collected at an angle u2 downward from the horizontal direction at the corner of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8. .
- the light emitted downward from the horizontal direction from one point in the central portion of the surface emitting light source 11 is collected on the central portion of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 at an angle v1 upward from the horizontal direction.
- Light emitted upward from the horizontal direction from one point in the central portion of the surface emitting light source 11 is collected at an angle v2 downward from the horizontal direction at the central portion of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the converging angles u1 and u2 are larger than ⁇ at the corner of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8, and accordingly depends on the angle. Light loss has occurred.
- the condensing angles v1 and v2 are smaller than ⁇ , and therefore no light loss due to the angle occurs.
- emitted from the center part of the light emission surface 12 of the surface light source 11 can be reduced.
- the light loss can be reduced as the condensing angle of the light emitted from the central portion of the surface light source 11 is smaller than the allowable incident angle and closer to the allowable incident angle.
- the size of the secondary light source image and the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 are made equal.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and modifications such as slightly increasing the imaging magnification are possible. is there.
- FIG. 6 shows a light spot on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 formed by light emitted from the four corners and the center of the surface emitting light source.
- 6A shows a light spot on the incident surface 81 in the condensing optical system of Reference Example 1 shown in FIG. 2, and
- FIG. 6B shows the condensing of the first embodiment shown in FIG. The light spot on the incident surface 81 in an optical system is shown.
- the light spots formed at the four corners and the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 are all small (however, the condensing system). Because of this aberration, the spot at the peripheral portion does not strictly converge to one point and is somewhat blurred, so there is also light that does not enter the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8).
- the condensing optical system in the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 6B, the light spots formed at the four corners of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 are small but formed at the center. The light spot is large.
- the imaging magnification of the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 is made larger than the light emitted from the four corners of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 as described above.
- the light emitted from the corner is condensed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8, whereas the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 is on the exit surface 82 side (condenser lens) with respect to the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8. This is because the light is condensed on the side away from 4 (FIG. 5).
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which an image of a minute region at the center and corners of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is formed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the minute lengths ⁇ a at the center and corners of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 are applied to the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 by the collimating lens 13 and the condenser lens 4, respectively, ⁇ c (center) and ⁇ p (corner). It is imaged to the length of.
- ⁇ c center
- ⁇ p corner
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a specific shape of the condenser lens 4.
- the condenser lens 4 has a first surface 41 on which light from the surface emitting light source 11 is incident and a second surface 42 on which light incident from the first surface 41 is emitted.
- the condenser lens 4 has a positive power as a whole, and converges the light incident on the first surface 41 to be emitted from the second surface 42.
- the first surface 41 has a convex shape.
- the second surface 42 In the cross section including the optical axis (center) of the condenser lens 4, the second surface 42 has a concave portion at the center 42 a, and a convex shape and an aspheric shape at the peripheral portion 42 b.
- the light emitted from the corner of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is converged on the first surface 41, further converged on the peripheral portion 42 b (convex surface) of the second surface 42, and focused on the focal point fp. It is focused on.
- This condensing point fp is generally located on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is converged on the first surface 41, but is almost diverged and converged near the center 42 a (concave surface) of the second surface 42. Without being condensed at the condensing point fc.
- This condensing point fc is located on the exit surface 82 side (that is, the side away from the condenser lens 4) from the entrance surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the light collection angle at the center of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 can be made smaller than the light collection angle at the corner.
- the central vicinity 42a of the second surface 42 of the condenser lens 4 is a spherical surface centered on the above-described condensing point fc (the condensing point of light from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11).
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- FIG. 9 shows a modification of the shape of the condenser lens 4.
- the concave shape of the central portion 43a of the second surface 43 of the condenser lens 4 not a substantially spherical surface, and has a larger curvature than the central portion 42a of the second surface 42 of the condenser lens 4 of FIG. Or, the center has a discontinuous shape.
- the light condensing points (f1, f2) of the light from each annular zone are greatly different in the central vicinity 43a of the condenser lens 4, and the light from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is clearly collected. Has no light spot. Also in this case, if the light is incident on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 at an angle equal to or smaller than the allowable incident angle, it is possible to prevent a reduction in light amount loss.
- the surface shape of the second surface 43 of the condenser lens 4 exhibits the function of varying the light collection angle between the corner and the center of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- it is not limited to such a configuration.
- the surface shape of both the first surface 41 and the second surface 42 of the condenser lens 4 is shared with the function of making the light converging angle different between the corner and the center of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8. Also good.
- the condenser lens 4 may be composed of a plurality of lenses, and the plurality of lenses may have the function.
- the function of making the light condensing angle different between the corner portion and the central portion of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is sufficient if it can be exhibited by the entire condensing optical system including the collimating lens 13 and the condenser lens 4. May be exhibited only by the collimating lens 13, or both the collimating lens 13 and the condenser lens 4 may be exhibited.
- the surface that exhibits the function of varying the light collection angle at the corner and the center of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 has an aspheric surface, and the cost for forming the aspheric surface is spherical. Is higher than the cost of forming the condenser lens 4 that acts in common on the light emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11 (11r, 11g, 11b) of each color (that is, the number used is small). It is desirable to demonstrate.
- the size of the light emitting surface 12 (12r, 12g, 12b) of the surface light source 11 is 4.16 mm ⁇ 2.6 mm.
- the size of the entrance surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is 6.08 mm ⁇ 3.8 mm.
- the angle of light taken from the surface emitting light source 11 is 80 degrees (half angle).
- the allowable incident angle to the integrator rod 8 is a half angle of 30 degrees (that is, F value 1.0). This corresponds to illuminating an area of 15.2 mm ⁇ 9.5 mm on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 with an F value of 2.5 (about 11.5 degrees (half angle)).
- the emission wavelengths of the surface light source 11 are 623 nm for red (11b), 526 nm for green (11g), and 462 nm for blue (11r).
- the number of the i-th surface is shown in correspondence with the symbol Si shown in FIG.
- the number i is a natural number of 1 or more.
- the surface of the component closest to the object side is the first, and the number i increases toward the image side.
- the object side is the surface emitting light source 11r, 11g, 11b side.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light source are OBJ, and the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is IMA.
- CG is a cover glass of a surface emitting light source.
- the column of the radius of curvature Ri in Table 1 shows the value of the radius of curvature of the i-th surface from the object side.
- the column of the surface interval Di indicates the interval on the optical axis between the i-th surface Si and the i + 1-th surface Si + 1 from the object side.
- the unit of the value of the curvature radius Ri and the surface interval Di is millimeter (mm).
- the Nd and ⁇ d columns show the refractive index and Abbe number values for the d-line (587.6 nm), respectively.
- (r), (g), and (b) correspond to the surface spacing in the case of red, green, and blue surface emitting light sources, respectively.
- the distance between the surfaces S2 and S3 is set to a different value for each color.
- Table 1 the symbol “*” attached to the upper right of the surface number indicates that the lens surface has an aspherical shape.
- S8, S9, S10, S11, and S12 are aspherical.
- Table 2 shows the aspheric data.
- Z is an aspheric sag amount (depth: mm) at a position away from the optical axis by a radius r (mm).
- the coefficient k indicates a conic coefficient.
- the coefficient C indicates the curvature at the surface vertex.
- the coefficient Ai represents an i-th order aspheric coefficient.
- the optical data shown in Tables 1 and 2 is merely an example for explaining the function of the condensing optical system 1A in the first embodiment.
- aspherical lenses are frequently used here, it is possible to replace them with a plurality of spherical lenses.
- various glass materials having different refractive indexes and Abbe numbers can be used.
- CG is a cover glass (parallel plate) of the surface-emitting light source 11.
- the collimating lenses 13 (13r, 13g, 13b) are, in order from the surface emitting light source 11 side to the integrator rod 8 side, a first collimating lens 113 (113r, 113g, 113b) and a second collimating lens 213 (213r, 213g, 213b). And the third collimator lens 313 (313r, 313g, 313b).
- the condenser lens 4 (FIG. 1) is composed of a first condenser lens 114 and a second condenser lens 115 in order from the surface emitting light source 12 side to the integrator rod 8 side.
- FIG. 11 shows details of the shape of the condenser lens 115 and the light collecting state on the integrator rod 8.
- the second surface S12 of the condenser lens 115 has a concave shape in the vicinity of the center thereof, and hardly converges or diverges the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11, while the peripheral portion thereof is It has a convex shape, and the light emitted from the corner of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is converged by its positive power.
- the condensing angle of the integrator rod 8 on the incident surface 81 is smaller at the center than at the corner.
- FIG. 12 shows the light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 formed by the light emitted from the four corners and the center of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 and the midpoints of the four sides of the light emitting surface 12. Indicates a spot. It can be seen that the eight light spots other than the central part are condensed relatively small, but the central light spot is greatly spread.
- Table 3 shows the relationship between the relative image height and the F value of the light condensed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the relative image height is an image height normalized by the distance from the center of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 to the corner, where the relative image height is 0 at the center and the relative image height is 1 at the corner.
- the F value when the relative image height is 0 (that is, the center) is the maximum, and the relative image height is larger (that is, It can be seen that the F value tends to decrease as the corner is approached.
- the average F value in the tangential and sagittal directions is 1.016 when the relative image height is 0 (center), but 0.710 when the relative image height is 1 (corner). is there.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the relative image height and the incident position on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the incident position of the integrator rod 8 on the incident surface 81 is indicated by a distance from the center of the incident surface 81.
- a curve m shown in FIG. 13 is a curve showing the relationship between the relative image height and the incident position shown in Table 3.
- a straight line n shown in FIG. 13 is a straight line indicating that the relative image height and the incident position are proportional (that is, the magnification does not change depending on the relative image height).
- FIG. 14A shows a condensing optical system according to the first embodiment, in which the condensing angle on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is not limited (that is, all the light condensed on the incident surface 81 is included). It is a figure which shows the illumination intensity distribution in the entrance plane 81 in the case of.
- FIG. 14B is a diagram showing variation in illuminance (unit: W / mm 2 ) corresponding to FIG.
- FIG. 15A shows a condensing optical system according to the first embodiment in which the converging angle on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is limited to 30 degrees (half angle) that is an allowable incident angle (that is, the incident surface 81). It is a figure which shows the illuminance distribution in the incident surface 81 in the case of the light which condenses to (except the light which injects with a condensing angle of 30 degree
- FIG. 15B is a diagram showing variations in illuminance (unit: W / mm 2 ) corresponding to FIG.
- FIGS. 16A and 16B are graphs showing the illuminance distributions corresponding to FIGS. 14 and 15, respectively.
- the illuminance distribution in the X direction (horizontal direction) is indicated by a solid line
- the illuminance distribution in the Y direction (vertical direction) is indicated by a broken line.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the light distribution of the surface-emitting light source 11 used here. In FIG. 17, the horizontal axis indicates the angle, and the vertical axis indicates the radiation intensity.
- FIG. 14A since the imaging magnification is large in the central portion, the density of the light collected at the central portion is small, and the illuminance is low compared to the corner portion.
- FIG. 15A since light incident at an angle larger than the allowable incident angle is limited at the corner, the illuminance at the corner is lower than that in FIG. 14A.
- the central portion of FIG. 15A since the light is collected within the allowable incident angle, the illuminance hardly changes even compared to FIG. 14A where the incident angle is not limited. as a result.
- the illuminance distribution on the incident surface 81 is a substantially uniform illuminance distribution as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16B.
- FIG. 14A the central portion of the incident surface 81 appears bright. This is due to the fact that the drawing is displayed in gray scale, and the central portion of the incident surface 81 is actually the darkest. Yes. Further, FIG. 14B shows that the illuminance at the incident surface 81 is in a relatively wide range of 0.02 to 0.05 W / mm 2 and the illuminance variation is large.
- Comparative Example 1 for comparison with the condensing optical system 1A of Embodiment 1 will be described.
- This comparative example 1 is a general condensing optical system configured to condense light from a surface emitting light source at an allowable incident angle of an integrator rod.
- the optical data of Comparative Example 1 is shown in Table 4, and the corresponding configuration is shown in FIG.
- the size of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is 4.16 mm ⁇ 2.6 mm, and the size of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is 6.08 mm ⁇ 3.8 mm.
- the angle of light taken from the surface light source 11 is 80 degrees (half angle), and the allowable incident angle to the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is 30 degrees (half angle). This corresponds to illuminating an area of 15.2 mm ⁇ 9.5 mm on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 with an F value of 2.5 (about 11.5 degrees (half angle)).
- the emission wavelength of the surface-emitting light source 11 is 623 nm for red (11r), 526 nm for green (11g), and 462 nm for blue (11b).
- the above specifications are the same as in Numerical Example 1 of the first embodiment described above.
- Table 4 The notation in Table 4 is the same as in Table 1.
- the OBJ to the S8 plane are the same as the numerical example 1 (Table 1) of the first embodiment described above, and the steps after S9 are different.
- Table 5 shows aspheric data.
- Table 6 shows the relationship between the relative image height (image height normalized by the distance from the center to the corner of the surface emitting light source) and the F value of the light condensed on the integrator rod 8 as in Table 3. .
- the F value is approximately 1 regardless of the relative image height. ing.
- the light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 formed by light emitted from the four corners and the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 and the midpoints of the four sides of the light emitting surface 12. Indicates a spot.
- this comparative example 1 since the etendue of the surface emitting light source 11 is larger than the etendue of the integrator rod 8, if the condensing angle on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is set to an allowable incident angle, a light amount loss due to the angle occurs.
- the imaging magnification is increased, the light emitted from the corner of the light emitting surface of the surface light source 11 is condensed outside the corner of the light emitting surface 8 of the integrator rod 8, and the light amount loss due to the area is reduced. Has occurred.
- Table 7 compares the light collection efficiency (when the allowable incident angle is 30 degrees (half angle)) onto the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 when the surface emitting light source 11 having the light distribution shown in FIG. 17 is used. A comparison is made between Example 1 and Numerical Example 1 of the first embodiment described above.
- the light collection efficiency of Comparative Example 1 is 55.19%, while the light collection efficiency of Numerical Example 1 of Embodiment 1 is 58.68%, and the light utilization efficiency is 6.32. % Increase. Since the size of the integrator rod 8 is appropriately determined from the size of the image display element 22 and the illumination F value, the light incident on the integrator rod 8 is transmitted through an illumination margin, a lens or the like, and the image display element 22. In principle, it is considered that the screen 25 can be reached without light loss.
- the condensing optical system 1A and the projection-type image display apparatus 2A according to Embodiment 1 are incident on the light collected on the incident surface 81 of the light intensity distribution uniformizing element (integrator rod 8).
- the condensing angle of the light condensed on the central portion of the surface 81 is smaller than the condensing angle of the light condensed on the corner portion of the incident surface 81.
- the light spot formed at the center of the incident surface 81 is the light formed at the corner of the incident surface 81. Bigger than the spot.
- the light emitted from the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 is more compared to the light emitted from the corner of the light emitting surface 12.
- the light is condensed at a position away from the condenser lens 4 (light condensing element).
- the imaging magnification when the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 forms an image on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 (light intensity distribution uniformizing element) is more central than the corner of the incident surface 81. It ’s big.
- the etendue of the surface emitting light source 11 is larger than the etendue of the integrator rod 8
- the loss of light quantity at the integrator rod 8 can be reduced and the light utilization efficiency can be improved.
- the etendue of the surface emitting light source 11 is larger than the etendue of the integrator rod 8.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the etendue of the surface emitting light source 11 is smaller than the etendue of the integrator rod 8. Is also applicable.
- At least one lens (condenser lens 4) of the condensing optical system is stronger than the light emitted from the corner of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 than the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12. Since the optical surface (second surface 42) that condenses with power is provided, the condensing angle of the light condensed on the central portion of the incident surface 81 is set to the concentration of the light condensed on the corner portion of the incident surface 81. A configuration that is smaller than the corner can be realized.
- emitted from the center part of the light emission surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 among the 2nd surfaces 42 of the condenser lens 4 makes a concave shape, and the light radiated
- the dichroic mirror 6 includes a plurality of surface-emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b, and combines the light emitted from the plurality of surface-emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and guides the light to the condenser lens 4 (condensing optical system). 7 (light combining means), the light use efficiency can be improved in the color projection type image display apparatus.
- the green surface-emitting light source 11g faces the condenser lens 4, and the red and blue surface-emitting light sources 11r and 11b face the direction orthogonal to the green surface-emitting light source 11g.
- the present invention is not limited to such a configuration.
- the blue surface emitting light source 11b may be opposed to the condenser lens 4, and the red and green surface emitting light sources 11r and 11g may be disposed so as to face in a direction orthogonal to the blue surface emitting light source 11b. .
- the surface emitting light source 11r for red may be opposed to the condenser lens 4, and the surface emitting light sources 11g and 11b for green and blue may be arranged to face in a direction orthogonal to the surface emitting light source 11r for red. .
- each of the condenser lenses 13r, 13g, 13b and the collimating lens 4 is expressed as one convex lens.
- the present invention is not limited to such a form, and the collecting angle, magnification, and the like are collected.
- the condenser lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b and the collimating lens 4 are not limited to spherical lenses, and aspherical lenses, free-form curved lenses, and the like can also be used.
- the light intensity distribution uniformizing element is an integrator rod
- the present invention is not limited to the integrator rod, and other light intensity distribution uniformizing elements such as a hollow light tunnel may be used. .
- the light emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b for each color of R, G, and B is synthesized by the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7.
- the present invention is not limited to the dichroic mirrors. Other photosynthesis means may be used.
- the number of surface emitting light sources is not limited to three.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a projection type image display apparatus 2B having the condensing optical system 1B according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the condensing optical system 1B in the second embodiment is different from the condensing optical system 1A (FIG. 1) in the first embodiment in that it does not have the integrator rod 8 and the illumination optical system 21.
- Embodiment 1 described above a generally uniform illuminance distribution was obtained on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16B.
- the light transmitted through the condenser lens 4 is directly incident on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 without making the light intensity distribution uniform by the integrator rod.
- the illuminance distribution on the display surface 23 of the display element 22 is made to be a distribution close to the substantially uniform illuminance distribution shown in FIGS. 15 and 16B.
- the collimating lens 13 and the condenser lens 4 cause the light emitting surface 12 of the surface emitting light source 11 to form an image on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22. Since the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is larger than the incident surface 81 (FIG. 1) of the integrator rod 8, the imaging magnification is the size of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 and the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11. Determine the size and the appropriate lighting margin.
- the incident angle to the center part of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 was made smaller than the incident angle to the corner part of the incident surface 81, but in this Embodiment 2, The incident angle to the central portion of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is made smaller than the incident angle to the corner portion of the display surface 23, thereby reducing the light loss.
- the light converging angle to the center of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is set to be equal to or smaller than the allowable incident angle to the display surface 23 of the image display element 22.
- This allowable incident angle is determined when the image of the exit surface 82 of the integrator rod 8 is formed on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 based on the allowable incident angle on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 described in the first embodiment. Can be obtained in consideration of the imaging magnification.
- the condenser lens 4 makes light emitted from the corner of the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 more than light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12.
- An optical surface that collects light with strong power is provided.
- the manufacturing cost of the condensing optical system 1B and the projection type image display device 2B can be reduced. Further, since there is no reflection or transmission loss at the integrator rod 8, the light amount loss can be further reduced. Moreover, since the arrangement space for the integrator rod 8 is not required, the apparatus can be miniaturized. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the condensing angle with respect to the center of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is the corner of the display surface 23. It is comprised so that it may become smaller than the condensing angle to.
- the light spot formed at the center of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is larger than the light spot formed at the corner.
- the condensing position of the light emitted from the central portion of the light emitting surface 12 is a position farther from the condenser lens 4 (condensing element) than the condensing position of the light emitted from the corner portion. It is in.
- the imaging magnification when the light emitting surface 12 is imaged on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 is larger in the center than in the corners of the display surface 23.
- the apparatus when a substantially uniform illuminance distribution as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16B is allowed on the display surface 23 of the image display element 22, the apparatus is downsized and the manufacturing cost is reduced. This is an effect.
- the integrator rod as in the first embodiment. It is desirable to perform sufficient light intensity homogenization using.
- the second embodiment is more advantageous from the viewpoint of downsizing the apparatus and reducing the manufacturing cost, and the viewpoint of uniformity of illuminance on the display screen. Then, the first embodiment is more advantageous.
- the etendue of the surface emitting light source 11 is larger than the etendue of the display surface 23 of the image display element 22.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the etendue of the surface emitting light source 11 is not limited to this.
- the present invention can also be applied when the display surface 23 is smaller than the etendue.
- Embodiment 3 FIG. Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- three directions orthogonal to each other are defined as an x direction (lateral direction), a y direction (longitudinal direction), and a z direction (a direction parallel to the optical axis).
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration of a projection type image display apparatus 2C having the condensing optical system 1C according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the condensing optical system 1C according to Embodiment 3 includes surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b.
- the surface emitting light source 11r emits red (R) light from the light emitting surface 12r.
- the surface emitting light source 11g emits green (G) light from the light emitting surface 12g.
- the surface emitting light source 11b emits blue (B) light from the light emitting surface 12b.
- red (R) light is indicated by a one-dot chain line
- green (G) light is indicated by a long broken line
- blue (B) light is indicated by a short broken line.
- the surface-emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b can be configured by LEDs, EL elements, semiconductor lasers, or combinations thereof. In the following description, a case where the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are configured by LEDs will be described.
- the condensing optical system 1C also includes collimating lenses (collimating optical systems) 13r, 13g, and 13b.
- the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b all have positive power.
- the collimating lens 13r converts the red light emitted from the light emitting surface 12r of the surface light source 11r into substantially parallel light.
- the collimating lens 13g converts the green light emitted from the light emitting surface 12g of the surface emitting light source 11g into substantially parallel light.
- the collimating lens 13b converts the blue light emitted from the light emitting surface 12b of the surface emitting light source 11b into substantially parallel light.
- the condensing optical system 1C is also provided with photosynthesis means.
- the light combining unit combines the red light that has passed through the collimating lens 13r, the green light that has passed through the collimating lens 13g, and the blue light that has passed through the collimating lens 13b.
- the light synthesized by the photosynthesis means is indicated by a two-dot chain line.
- the light combining means is a cross dichroic mirror, and has two dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 orthogonal to each other.
- the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7 have characteristics of transmitting light in a specific wavelength band and reflecting light in a specific wavelength band.
- the dichroic mirror 6 transmits green light and blue light and reflects red light.
- the dichroic mirror 7 transmits red light and green light and reflects blue light. Since the cross dichroic mirror can reduce the mirror arrangement space as compared with the case where the two dichroic mirrors are arranged apart from each other, a compact condensing optical system can be realized.
- the configuration of the photosynthesis means is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG.
- the condensing optical system 1 ⁇ / b> C also includes a condenser lens 4, a condensing F value control lens 5, and an integrator rod 8.
- the condenser lens 4 has a positive power and collects the light combined by the light combining means.
- the condensing F value control lens (condensing element) 5 has a function of controlling the condensing F value, and has two or more toroidal surfaces.
- the toroidal surface includes a cylindrical surface.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 receives the light condensed by the condenser lens 4 and condenses the light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 at a desired angle.
- the integrator rod 8 has an entrance surface 81 and an exit surface 82, and functions as a light intensity distribution uniformizing element. Light from the condensing F value control lens 5 enters the incident surface 81. Light having a uniform light intensity distribution is emitted from the emission surface 82.
- the condenser lens 4 has a configuration common to each of red light, green light, and blue light. Further, the condensing F value control lens 5 has a configuration common to each of red light, green light, and blue light.
- the condenser lens 4 condenses the light synthesized by the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 condenses the light collected by the condenser lens 4 on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 at a desired angle.
- the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is in a conjugate relationship with the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b. That is, secondary light source images of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are formed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are rectangular planes having the same size.
- the integrator rod 8 has, for example, a rectangular column shape with a rectangular cross section.
- the integrator rod 8 is made of glass, for example.
- the incident surface 81 has a shape similar to the display surface 23 of the image display element 22. Here, since the image display element 22 has a rectangular shape, the incident surface 81 has a rectangular shape.
- the light incident on the incident surface 81 propagates through the integrator rod 8 while repeating total reflection at the glass / air interface. By propagating through the inside of the integrator rod 8, the light of each color is made uniform. The homogenized light is emitted from the emission surface 82.
- the light intensity distribution uniformizing element is not limited to the integrator rod 8.
- the light intensity distribution uniformizing element may be a hollow light pipe that uses total reflection on the inner surface, or may be another element.
- the projection type image display apparatus 2C includes a condensing optical system 1C, an illumination optical system 21, an image display element 22, and a projection optical system 24.
- a rear projection type image display apparatus provided with a screen, it further includes a screen 25 on which image light is enlarged and projected.
- the light emitted from the condensing optical system 1C is incident on the illumination optical system 21.
- the light emitted from the condensing optical system 1 ⁇ / b> C is light whose light intensity distribution is made uniform by the integrator rod 8.
- the illumination optical system 21 is composed of a lens, for example.
- the image display element 22 modulates the light that has passed through the illumination optical system 21 to generate image light.
- Image light is light having image information including still images and moving images.
- the projection optical system 24 enlarges and projects the image light generated by the image display element 22 onto the screen 25.
- the illumination optical system 21 irradiates the display surface 23 of the image display element 22 with the light emitted from the integrator rod 8.
- the exit surface 82 of the integrator rod 8 is in a conjugate relationship with the display surface 23 of the image display element 22. Therefore, an image of the emission surface 82 is formed on the display surface 23.
- the exit surface 82 is a rectangular surface having uniform brightness.
- the emission surface 82 has a shape similar to that of the display surface 23. Thereby, the display surface 23 can be illuminated efficiently and high light utilization efficiency can be obtained.
- the image display element 22 is, for example, a transmissive liquid crystal panel, a reflective liquid crystal panel, or a reflective DMD.
- the display surface 23 has a configuration in which a large number of pixels are two-dimensionally arranged.
- the image display element 22 converts the light irradiated by the illumination optical system 21 into image light.
- the image display element 22 generates image light by intensity-modulating the light emitted from the illumination optical system 21 for each pixel according to the video signal.
- Projection type image display device 2C displays an image as follows. Red light, green light, and blue light emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are transmitted through the corresponding collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b to become substantially parallel light.
- the substantially parallel light transmitted through the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b is synthesized by the dichroic mirrors 6 and 7.
- the synthesized light is collected by the condenser lens 4.
- the light condensed by the condenser lens 4 is condensed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 by the condensing F value control lens 5.
- the light whose light intensity distribution is made uniform by the integrator rod 8 enters the illumination optical system 21.
- the light emitted from the illumination optical system 21 is applied to the image display element 22.
- the image light modulated by the image display element 22 is enlarged and projected onto the screen 25 by the projection optical system 24. An image is displayed on the screen 25 by the enlarged projected image light.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are in a conjugate relationship with the incident surface 81.
- the surface shapes of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are not similar to the surface shape of the incident surface 81, and the aspect ratios are different.
- the emission surface 82 is in a conjugate relationship with the display surface 23.
- the surface shape of the emission surface 82 is similar to the surface shape of the display surface 23 and has the same aspect ratio. Accordingly, the light emitting surface 12r, 12g, 12b and the incident surface 81 have a light amount loss due to the different aspect ratios. In order to reduce this light loss, it is necessary to improve the condensing optical system 1C.
- the concept of etendue described in the first embodiment is applied to the condensing optical system 1C and the projection-type image display device 2C according to the third embodiment. It is assumed that the light distribution of the light beams emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is a Lambertian distribution.
- the Lambertian distribution is a light distribution when completely diffused.
- Etendue is defined as the product of the area of the light emitting surface and the solid angle of light emitted from the light emitting surface. Etendue is also defined by the product of the area of the light receiving surface and the solid angle of light received by the light receiving surface.
- El is an etendue of the image display element 22.
- Al is the area of the display surface 23.
- ⁇ l is an angle (illumination angle) of a light ray incident on the display surface 23 after entering the incident surface 81 at a condensing angle ⁇ i (described later) with respect to the normal line of the display surface 23.
- ⁇ is the circumference ratio.
- Equation (6) Ei is the etendue of the integrator rod 8.
- Ai is the area of the incident surface 81.
- ⁇ i is an angle (condensing angle) of a light beam emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b at a capture angle ⁇ s (described later) and incident on the incident surface 81 with respect to the normal line of the incident surface 81.
- Es is an etendue of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b.
- ⁇ s is the normal of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the light emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b and emitted from the collimator lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b at the largest spread angle among the light rays that are to be captured by the collimator lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b.
- the condensing optical system and the illumination optical system are designed so that the values of the etendue Es, Ei, and El are equal.
- the size of the display surface 23 is set to 16.0 mm ⁇ 7.0 mm.
- the aspect ratio of the display surface 23 is 16 to 7 (aspect ratio 16: 7).
- the F value of the light that illuminates the display surface 23 is set to 2.5.
- the illumination angle ⁇ l is 11.53 degrees ( ⁇ l ⁇ 11.53 °).
- the etendue El of the image display element 22 is calculated as follows using the equation (5) and becomes about 14.1.
- the F value of light incident on the incident surface 81 is set to 1.0.
- the size of the incident surface 81 is set to 6.4 mm ⁇ 2.8 mm.
- the aspect ratio of the incident surface 81 is 16 to 7 (aspect ratio 16: 7).
- the etendue Ei of the integrator rod 8 is calculated as follows using the equation (6), and is about 14.1.
- the etendue Ei of the integrator rod 8 can be made equal to the etendue El of the image display element 22.
- the size of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is 2.7 mm ⁇ 2.0 mm.
- the aspect ratio of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is 4 to 3 (aspect ratio 4: 3).
- the light distribution of the light beams emitted hemispherically from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is a Lambertian distribution.
- the etendue Es of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b in this case is calculated as follows using the equation (7), and is about 17.0.
- the etendue Es of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b have larger values than the etendue El of the image display element 22 and the etendue Ei of the integrator rod 8.
- Etendue is an optical invariant. That the etendue Ei of the integrator rod 8 is smaller than the etendue Es of the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b means that a light amount loss occurs.
- the conventional light collecting optical system causes a light loss when the aspect ratio of the light emitting surface and the aspect ratio of the light collecting surface (that is, the incident surface 81) are different.
- etendue is defined by the product of the area of the light emitting surface and the solid angle of light emitted from the light emitting surface, or the product of the area of the light receiving surface and the solid angle of light received by the light receiving surface, 2 It can be said that it represents a dimensional relationship.
- the light utilization efficiency will be examined using an equation that represents etendue in a one-dimensional manner.
- the relationship between the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and the integrator rod 8 will be described.
- the conditions under which no light loss occurs between the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b and the integrator rod 8 are the two conditions shown in equations (8) and (9). Satisfy both conditions.
- xs represents the length in the horizontal direction (x direction) of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- ys indicates the length in the vertical direction (y direction) of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- xi represents the length of the incident surface 81 in the horizontal direction (x direction).
- yi indicates the length of the incident surface 81 in the vertical direction (y direction).
- the loss of light amount is not sufficient with the formulas (5) to (7). It must be studied using both equations (8) and (9).
- the aspect ratio of the light-emitting surface is different from the aspect ratio of the light-collecting surface, the conventional light-collecting optical system that does not satisfy one or both of the formulas (8) and (9) avoids light loss. I can't.
- the display surface 23 is generally illuminated slightly larger than the display surface 23. This is called an illumination margin.
- the capture angle, the size of the incident surface 81, and the like may be optimized as appropriate in accordance with the specifications of the optical system.
- the light quantity loss due to the angle is a light quantity loss caused by the light emitted from the light emitting surface being incident on the light collecting surface at an angle larger than the allowable incident angle.
- the light amount loss due to the area is a light amount loss due to the light emitted from the light emitting surface protruding from the light collecting surface and being condensed.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the condensing optical system of Reference Example 2.
- 22A is a diagram of the condensing optical system viewed from the + y direction
- FIG. 22B is a diagram of the condensing optical system viewed from the + x direction.
- the condensing optical system of Reference Example 2 is a condensing optical system that is designed by a conventional design method and causes a light amount loss.
- the condensing optical system of Reference Example 2 converts the light emitted from the light emitting surface 12 into parallel light by the collimating lens 13 and condenses the parallel light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 via the condenser lens 4. To do.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram showing a condensing region of illumination light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 of Reference Example 2.
- the light condensing region is indicated by a symbol B.
- the size of the incident surface 81 is determined by the specifications of the image display element 22, that is, the area of the display surface 23, the F value, and the like.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i on the incident surface 81 is within the range of the allowable incident angle.
- the allowable incident angle is a predetermined angle at which light can be effectively used. Therefore, there is no loss of light quantity due to the incident light at an invalid incident angle (an angle at which the light is not effectively used). That is, there is no light loss due to the angle.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i is set to an angle at which no light loss due to the angle occurs as described above, the area of the condensable region is uniquely determined by etendue. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 22B and FIG. 23, the illumination light protrudes from the range of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 in the y direction. That is, the light quantity loss due to the area occurs.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the condensing optical system of Reference Example 3.
- FIG. 24A is a diagram of the condensing optical system viewed from the + y direction
- FIG. 24B is a diagram of the condensing optical system viewed from the + x direction.
- the condensing optical system of Reference Example 3 is a condensing optical system that is designed using a conventional design method and causes a light amount loss.
- the condensing optical system of Reference Example 3 has a toroidal lens 50. That is, the condensing optical system of Reference Example 3 converts the light radiated from the light emitting surface 12 into parallel light by the collimator lens 13, enters the parallel light into the condenser lens 4, collects it, and further passes through the toroidal lens 50. Then, the light is condensed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing a condensing region of illumination light on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 of Reference Example 3.
- the light condensing region is indicated by a symbol B.
- the toroidal lens 50 can have different refractive powers in the x direction and the y direction.
- the first surface 51 on the entrance side and the second surface 52 on the exit side of the toroidal lens 50 are given refractive power only in the y direction.
- the converging angle in the y direction on the incident surface 81 is larger than the allowable incident angle ( ⁇ ). That is, in Reference Example 3, a light amount loss due to an angle occurs.
- the light amount loss in this case is equivalent to the light amount loss in the case of Reference Example 2 (FIGS. 22 and 23).
- the third embodiment of the present invention reduces the light loss due to the angle in the y direction shown in FIG. 24B while using a toroidal lens.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the condensing optical system 1C according to the third embodiment.
- the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 11
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 12.
- the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 13.
- the optical axis direction is the z direction
- the horizontal direction is the x direction
- the vertical direction is the y direction.
- FIG. 26A is a diagram of the condensing optical system 1C according to Embodiment 3 as viewed from the + y direction.
- FIG. 26B is a diagram of the condensing optical system 1C according to Embodiment 3 viewed from the + x direction.
- the condensing optical system 1 ⁇ / b> C of the third embodiment converts light emitted from the light emitting surface 12 of the surface light source 11 into parallel light by the collimator lens 13.
- the parallel light enters the condenser lens 4 and is condensed.
- the light condensed by the condenser lens 4 enters the condensing F value control lens 5 and is condensed on the incident surface 81.
- the light collection angle ⁇ i in the y direction is viewed, the light collection angle ⁇ i at the center of the incident surface 81 is different from the light collection angle ⁇ i at the edge of the light incident surface 81. More specifically, the condensing angle ⁇ i at the center of the incident surface 81 is smaller than the condensing angle ⁇ i at the edge of the incident surface 81.
- the y direction is a direction in which the aspect ratio is compressed by the toroidal surface of the condensing F value control lens 5, that is, a direction in which a light amount loss occurs. The aspect ratio compression will be described later.
- FIG. 26B when the imaging state of light in a plane parallel to the yz plane is viewed, the light emitted from the edges in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is the incident surface.
- the image is formed at a predetermined magnification so as to reach the edge of 81.
- the light emitted from the central part in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b forms an image with an imaging magnification larger than the imaging magnification of the light emitted from the edge.
- the light emitted from the central portion in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b forms an image on the incident surface 81 with a smaller collection angle ⁇ i than the light emitted from the edge portion in the y direction.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing a state where light emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is collected on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 in the yz plane.
- FIG. 27 is a view of the vicinity of the incident surface 81 viewed from the + x direction.
- the light emitted in the + z direction from one point on the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is emitted with a certain spread angle.
- the largest angle taken into the collimator lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b is the take-in angle ⁇ s.
- the capture angle ⁇ s is defined as an angle with respect to the normal line of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b. Therefore, in the yz plane, there are light emitted at the capture angle ⁇ s1 in the + y direction and light emitted at the capture angle ⁇ s2 in the ⁇ y direction with respect to the z direction.
- the light incident on one point of the incident surface 81 is collected at a certain angle.
- the angle of light incident on one point of the incident surface 81 is the light collection angle ⁇ i.
- the collection angle ⁇ i is defined as an angle with respect to the normal line of the incident surface 81.
- the light incident at the condensing angle ⁇ i1 is indicated by reference numerals u1 and v1.
- the light which injects with condensing angle (theta) i2 is shown by code
- the light emitted from the edges of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b in the ⁇ y direction (see FIG. 26B) at the take-in angle ⁇ s2 is collected on the incident surface 81 at the condensing angle u2.
- the light emitted from the edges of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b in the ⁇ y direction at the take-in angle ⁇ s1 is condensed on the incident surface 81 at the condensing angle u1.
- the light radiated from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b at the center in the y direction (see FIG. 26B) at the take-in angle ⁇ s2 is collected on the incident surface 81 at the converging angle v2.
- the light emitted from the central portion in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b at the take-in angle ⁇ s1 is condensed on the incident surface 81 at the condensing angle v1.
- the allowable incident angle to the integrator rod 8 is ⁇ .
- the allowable incident angle ⁇ is defined as an angle with respect to the normal line of the incident surface 81.
- the condensing angles u1 and u2 are larger than the allowable incident angle ⁇ , and thus light amount loss due to the angle occurs.
- the condensing angles v1 and v2 are smaller than the condensing angles u1 and u2, so that the light loss due to the angle can be eliminated, or at least more than the edge of the incident surface 81. It can be kept low.
- the light amount loss due to the angle can be reduced from the central part to the edge part of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, 12b.
- the light amount loss becomes smaller as the light collection angles v1 and v2 in the y direction of the light emitted from the center of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are made closer to the allowable incident angle ⁇ .
- the size of the secondary light source image on the light emitting surface and the size of the incident surface 81 are the same.
- the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and the imaging magnification is slightly increased. Variations of are possible.
- FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which the images of the minute light emitting areas of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are formed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 in the yz plane.
- the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 11, and the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 12.
- the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 13.
- FIG. 28 shows light rays emitted perpendicularly to the light emitting surface from the region of the minute length ⁇ a at the center of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- the figure shows light rays emitted perpendicularly to the light emitting surface from the region of minute length ⁇ a at the edges of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, 12b.
- a minute light emission region having a minute length ⁇ a at the center of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is formed on the incident surface 81 as an image having a minute length ⁇ c.
- a minute light emission region having a minute length ⁇ a at the edge of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is formed on the incident surface 81 as an image having a minute length ⁇ p.
- the collection angles v1 and v2 (FIG. 27) at the center of the incident surface 81 are smaller than the collection angles u1 and u2 at the edge.
- the imaging magnification at the center is the edge. Is larger than the imaging magnification. Therefore, the minute length ⁇ c is larger than the minute length ⁇ p.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the condensing F-number control lens 5 and its condensing action.
- FIG. 29A is a view seen from the + x direction
- FIG. 29B is a view seen from the + y direction.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 has a first surface 51 and a second surface 52.
- the first surface 51 is a surface on which light from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is incident.
- the second surface 52 is a surface from which light incident on the first surface 51 exits from the condensing F-number control lens 5.
- the first surface 51 and the second surface 52 are both toroidal surfaces.
- the toroidal surface includes a cylindrical surface.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 has two functions.
- the first function is a function for compressing the aspect ratio.
- the second function is a function for controlling the condensed F value.
- the first function is a function of compressing the aspect ratio in the x direction or a function of compressing the aspect ratio in the y direction.
- the second function is a function of controlling the condensing F value in the direction in which the aspect ratio is compressed on the incident surface 81.
- each of the first surface 51 and the second surface 52 has a shape that is convex in the + z direction on the yz plane.
- the first surface 51 and the second surface 52 both have an infinite curvature in the x direction. That is, it has a flat shape.
- the incident angle when the light beam enters the first surface 51 and the exit angle when the light beam exits from the second surface 52 are the same.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 condenses the light emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b on the incident surface 81 at a desired angle.
- the light beam in the y direction is a light beam in the compression direction of the aspect ratio.
- a light ray in the y direction is a light ray on a plane parallel to the yz plane. Therefore, it must enter the incident surface 81 at an angle larger than the light beam in the x direction.
- a light ray in the x direction is a light ray on a plane parallel to the xz plane.
- This toroidal surface has a refractive power in the compression direction of the aspect ratio.
- the compression direction of the aspect ratio is the y direction.
- the two toroidal surfaces are the first surface 51 and the second surface 52.
- the curvature in the yz plane of the condensing F-number control lens 5 is a curvature that makes the refractive power of the central portion smaller than the refractive power of the peripheral portion.
- the refractive power at the central portion of the condensing F value control lens 5 is a force that refracts the light beam emitted from the central portion in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- the refractive power at the periphery of the condensing F-number control lens 5 is a force that refracts light emitted from the edges in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 can make the condensing angles v1 and v2 at the incident surface 81 smaller than the condensing angles u1 and u2.
- the condensing angles v1 and v2 are the converging angles in the y direction of the light rays collected on the central portion of the incident surface 81.
- the condensing angles u1 and u2 are the converging angles in the y direction of the light rays collected on the edge in the y direction of the incident surface 81. That is, the condensing F value control lens 5 can control the condensing F value in the direction (here, the y direction) in which the aspect ratio of the incident surface 81 is compressed.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 changes the condensing angles u1 and u2 at the edge of the incident surface 81 in the compression direction of the aspect ratio to be different from the converging angles v1 and v2 at the central portion. It has a function to do. However, it is not limited to such a configuration.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 is composed of a plurality of lenses, and the plurality of lenses differ in the condensing angles u1 and u2 at the edges in the compression direction of the aspect ratio from the converging angles v1 and v2 at the center. You may have the function to make an angle.
- the function (function of setting the condensing angles u1 and u2 at the edge of the incident surface 81 in the compression direction of the aspect ratio to an angle different from the condensing angles v1 and v2 at the center) is the entire condensing optical system 1C. If it can be demonstrated in.
- the function may be given to any of the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b, the condenser lens 4 and the condensing F value control lens 5 constituting the condensing optical system 1C, or the condensing optical system. It is also possible to disperse and apply to a plurality of lenses constituting 1C.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a configuration of the condensing optical system 1C for optical data in Table 8.
- FIG. 30A is a view of the condensing optical system 1C as seen from the x direction.
- FIG. 30B is a view of the condensing optical system 1C as seen from the y direction.
- a condensing optical system 1C shown in FIG. 30 includes a surface emitting light source 11, collimating lenses 513 and 613, a condenser lens 114, a toroidal lens 115, and an integrator rod 8.
- the size of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b of the surface emitting light source 11 is 2.7 mm ⁇ 2.0 mm.
- the size of the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is 6.39 mm ⁇ 2.86 mm.
- the angle of light taken from the surface light source 11 is 80 degrees.
- the allowable incident angle to the integrator rod 8 is 30 degrees.
- the illumination angle ⁇ l is about 11.5 degrees.
- the refractive index of the glass material used for each lens is 1.52.
- the number of the i-th surface is shown in correspondence with the symbol Si shown in FIG. i is a natural number of 1 or more.
- the object side is the surface emitting light source 11r, 11g, 11b side.
- the number i sequentially increases toward the image side.
- OBJ represents an object surface, and in FIG. 30, are light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- IMA indicates an imaging plane, which is the incident plane 81 in FIG. CG is a cover glass (parallel plate) of a surface emitting light source.
- the aspherical data shown in Table 9 indicates the values of the coefficients k and Ai of the aspherical shape expression expressed by the following expression (10).
- the coefficient k indicates a conic coefficient.
- the coefficient C indicates the curvature at the surface vertex.
- the coefficient Ai represents an i-th order aspheric coefficient.
- Z is an aspheric sag amount (depth: mm) at a position away from the optical axis by a radius r (mm).
- the amount of sag refers to the distance from the optical axis to the shape of the lens surface with respect to the distance from the optical axis, using the plane perpendicular to the optical axis including the intersection (surface vertex) of each lens surface and the optical axis.
- the surfaces S9 and S10 have a toroidal surface shape that is an aspherical surface.
- Table 10 shows the aspheric data.
- the aspherical data shown in Table 10 indicates the values of the coefficients k and Ai of the aspherical shape expression expressed by the following expression (11).
- the coefficient k indicates a conic coefficient.
- the coefficient C indicates the curvature at the surface vertex.
- the coefficient Ai represents an i-th order aspheric coefficient.
- Z is an aspheric sag amount (depth: mm) at a position away from the optical axis in the y direction by a radius ry (mm).
- the optical data shown in Table 8, Table 9, and Table 10 is for explaining the function of the condensing optical system 1C in the third embodiment.
- aspherical lenses are frequently used in Numerical Example 2, it can be replaced with a plurality of spherical lenses.
- glass material used for the lens various glass materials having different refractive indexes can be used.
- the collimating lens 13 is composed of a first collimating lens 513 and a second collimating lens 613.
- the side of the surface emitting light source 11 is a first collimating lens 513.
- the side of the integrator rod 8 is a second collimating lens 613.
- the condenser lens 4 is composed of one condenser lens 114.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 is composed of one toroidal lens 115.
- the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 11.
- the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 13.
- the first collimating lenses 513r, 513g, and 513b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 513.
- the second collimating lenses 613r, 613g, and 613b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 613.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing a simulation result of the condensing spot on the incident surface 81.
- a square frame in FIG. 31 indicates the range of the incident surface 81.
- the horizontal axis is the x axis, and the right direction of the horizontal axis is the + x direction.
- the vertical axis is the y-axis, and the upward direction of the vertical axis is the + y direction.
- FIG. 31 shows a condensing spot of light having a wavelength of 550 nm, representative of the light of three wavelengths (red light, green light, and blue light) emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b. .
- the condensing spot is formed by the following nine lights. That is, the condensing spots are light emitted from the four corners of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b, light emitted from the centers of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b, and each side of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b. It is formed by light emitted from the midpoint.
- the light emitted from the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is condensed on the incident surface 81 by changing the aspect ratio of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b.
- Table 11 shows the F values in the x and y directions when the light rays emitted from the points P1 to P9 on the light emitting surface 12 defined in FIG. 32 are collected on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8.
- the radiation position P1 is an end point in the ⁇ x direction on a straight line in the x direction passing through the center of the light emitting surface 12.
- the radiation position P2 is the center point of the light emitting surface 12.
- the radiation position P3 is a point at the end in the + x direction on a straight line in the x direction passing through the center of the light emitting surface 12.
- the radiation position P7 is a point at the end in the ⁇ x direction on the edge of the light emitting surface 12 in the + y direction.
- the radiation position P8 is a center point on the edge of the light emitting surface 12 in the + y direction.
- the radiation position P9 is a point at the end in the + x direction on the edge of the light emitting surface 12 in the + y direction.
- the radiation position P4 is a midpoint between the radiation position P1 and the radiation position P7.
- the radiation position P5 is a midpoint between the radiation position P2 and the radiation position P8.
- the radiation position P6 is a midpoint between the radiation position P3 and the radiation position P9.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i in the y direction on the incident surface 81 is smaller toward the center of the incident surface 81. Therefore, in Table 11, the F value tends to increase toward the center of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b in the y direction, and the F value tends to decrease toward the edge of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b in the y direction. .
- Comparative Example 2 for comparison with the effect of the condensing optical system 1C of Embodiment 3 will be described.
- the condensing optical system of Comparative Example 2 is a general concentrator designed to condense light emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b onto the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 with an allowable incident angle ⁇ . It is an optical optical system.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a configuration of a condensing optical system for optical data in Table 12.
- the condensing optical system of Comparative Example 2 includes a surface emitting light source 11, collimating lenses 513 and 613, condenser lenses 114 and 214, and an integrator rod 8.
- the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are denoted by reference numeral 11.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are represented by reference numeral 12.
- the first collimating lenses 513r, 513g, and 513b are denoted by reference numeral 513.
- the second collimating lenses 613r, 613g, and 613b are denoted by reference numeral 613.
- the size of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is 2.7 mm ⁇ 2.0 mm.
- the size of the incident surface 81 is 6.39 mm ⁇ 2.86 mm.
- the capture angle ⁇ s of light emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is 80 degrees.
- the allowable incident angle ⁇ to the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is 30 degrees.
- the illumination angle ⁇ l at this time is about 11.5 degrees.
- the refractive index of the glass material used for each lens is 1.52.
- the size of the light emitting surface 12, the size of the incident surface 81, the capture angle ⁇ s, the allowable incident angle ⁇ , the illumination angle ⁇ l, the wavelength of light, and the refractive index of the glass material are the same as those in the numerical example 2.
- Table 12 The notation in Table 12 is the same as in Table 9.
- Table 13 shows the aspheric data.
- Table 14 shows the x direction when the light rays emitted from the points P1 to P9 on the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b defined in FIG. 32 are collected on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 as in Table 11. And the F value in the y direction.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i to the incident surface 81 is designed to be substantially the same at the center of the incident surface 81 and the edge of the incident surface 81. Therefore, the F value is almost 1 regardless of the radiation positions P1 to P9.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a simulation result of the condensing spot on the incident surface 81 as in FIG.
- a square frame in FIG. 34 indicates the range of the incident surface 81.
- the horizontal axis is the x axis, and the right direction of the horizontal axis is the + x direction.
- the vertical axis is the y-axis, and the upward direction of the vertical axis is the + y direction.
- FIG. 34 shows a condensing spot of light having a wavelength of 550 nm, representing light of three wavelengths (red light, green light, and blue light) emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b. .
- the aspect ratios of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are different from the aspect ratio of the incident surface 81, the light amount loss due to the angle does not occur when the condensing angle ⁇ i to the incident surface 81 is equal to the allowable incident angle ⁇ .
- the imaging magnification is increased, the light emitted from the edges in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is collected outside the edges in the y direction of the incident surface 81. That is, the light quantity loss due to the area occurs.
- Table 15 is a table showing the condensing efficiency on the incident surface 81 of Comparative Example 2 and Numerical Example 2 in comparison.
- the allowable incident angle ⁇ is 30 degrees.
- the light collection efficiency of Comparative Example 2 is 70.19%.
- the light collection efficiency of Numerical Example 2 is 80.01%.
- the relative efficiency is the light collection efficiency (light utilization efficiency) when Comparative Example 2 is 100%.
- the size of the integrator rod 8 is appropriately determined from the size of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b and the illumination F value. For this reason, it is considered that the light incident on the integrator rod 8 reaches the screen 25 in principle without light loss, except for the transmission loss of the illumination margin and the lens and the loss in the image display element 22.
- the condensing optical system 1C and the projection type image display apparatus 2C according to Embodiment 3 have the condensing angle ⁇ i at the center of the incident surface 81 smaller than the condensing angle ⁇ i at the edge. Yes.
- the condensing angle of the light condensed on the central portion of the incident surface 81 in the compression direction of the aspect ratio is larger than the condensing angle of the light condensed on the edge in the same direction. It is small.
- the aspect ratios of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are different from the aspect ratio of the incident surface 81, the light loss at the integrator rod 8 can be reduced, and the light utilization efficiency at the integrator rod 8 is improved. can do.
- FIG. 35 is a configuration diagram schematically showing configurations of the condensing optical system 1D and the projection type image display device 2D according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the third embodiment is different from the third embodiment in that the integrator rod 80 has a tapered shape.
- the integrator rod 80 is a light intensity distribution uniformizing element.
- the projection type image display apparatus 2D has the same surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, 11b, collimating lenses 13r, 13g, 13b, dichroic mirrors 6, 7, the condenser lens 4, as in the third embodiment. It has a condensing F value control lens 5, an illumination optical system 21, an image display element 22, a projection optical system 24, and a screen 25.
- red (R) light is indicated by a short dashed line
- green (G) light is indicated by a long broken line
- blue (B) light is indicated by a short broken line.
- the light from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is condensed on the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 to be uniform. As described with reference to FIG. 31, almost all the condensed spots in the x direction are within the range of the incident surface 81. That is, there was almost no light loss due to the area in the x direction.
- the condensed spot of the light emitted from the edges in the y direction of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b deviated outside the y direction edge of the incident surface 81. That is, the light quantity loss due to the area occurred. This is because it is difficult to condense all the light beams emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b at the capture angle ⁇ s of 80 degrees in the range of the incident surface 81 in the y direction.
- the condensing optical system 1D according to Embodiment 4 further reduces the loss due to the area in the y direction.
- FIG. 36A shows a configuration of a general integrator rod 8 having a prismatic shape
- FIG. 36B shows a configuration of an integrator rod 80 having a tapered shape.
- FIG. 36A and FIG. 36B are views seen from the + y direction.
- the incident angle ⁇ in to the incident surface 81 when the incident angle ⁇ in to the incident surface 81 is ⁇ 1, the outgoing angle ⁇ out from the outgoing surface 82 is ⁇ 1. That is, in the general integrator rod 8, the incident angle ⁇ in of the light beam incident on the incident surface 81 is equal to the outgoing angle ⁇ out of the light beam emitted from the output surface 82.
- the incident angle ⁇ in is the condensing angle ⁇ i.
- the integrator rod 80 shown in FIG. 36B has a tapered shape such that the area of the entrance surface 810 is smaller than the area of the exit surface 820.
- the outgoing angle ⁇ out is ⁇ 2 ( ⁇ 1). That is, the light emission angle ⁇ out is smaller than the incident angle ⁇ in.
- the outgoing angle ⁇ out of the light beam is given by the following equation (12) from the incident angle ⁇ in of the light beam, the taper angle ⁇ , and the number of reflections m within the tapered integrator rod 80.
- ⁇ out ⁇ in ⁇ 2 ⁇ m ⁇ ⁇ (12)
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing light collection regions B1 and B2 with respect to the incident surfaces 81 and 810 of a general integrator rod 8 and an integrator rod 80 having a tapered shape.
- FIG. 37A shows the light condensing region B ⁇ b> 1 of the third embodiment with respect to the incident surface 81.
- FIG. 37B shows a condensing region B ⁇ b> 2 of Embodiment 4 with respect to the incident surface 810.
- the light condensing region B2 coincides with the incident surface 810.
- the broken line in FIG. 37B shows the incident surface 81 in FIG. 37A for comparison.
- the incident angle ⁇ in is the light collection angle ⁇ i
- the light collection angle of the light beam in the x direction according to the fourth embodiment is smaller than the angle ⁇ 2 that is the light collection angle ⁇ i of the light beam in the x direction according to the third embodiment.
- the angle ⁇ 1, which is ⁇ i, is larger.
- 38 (A) and 38 (B) are perspective views showing configurations of a general integrator rod 8 and a tapered integrator rod 80, respectively.
- the incident angle ⁇ in at the incident surface 81 of the integrator rod 8 is an angle ⁇ 2
- the outgoing angle ⁇ out at the outgoing surface 82 is also an angle ⁇ 2.
- the incident angle ⁇ in at the incident surface 810 of the integrator rod 80 is an angle ⁇ 1 (> ⁇ 2)
- the outgoing angle ⁇ out at the outgoing surface 820 is an angle ⁇ 2.
- the condensing angle of the light beam in the x direction according to the fourth embodiment is larger than the angle ⁇ 2 of the condensing angle ⁇ i of the light beam in the x direction according to the third embodiment.
- the angle ⁇ 1 of ⁇ i is larger.
- the integrator rod 80 is tapered to change the angle of the light beam in the x direction.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i in the x direction is an angle ⁇ 1.
- the light beam in the x direction repeats total reflection inside the tapered integrator rod 80.
- the exit angle ⁇ out in the x direction is an angle ⁇ 2.
- the emission angle ⁇ out of the fourth embodiment is equal to the condensing angle ⁇ i of the third embodiment (FIG. 38A).
- the integrator rod 80 converts light having a condensing angle ⁇ i of an angle ⁇ 1 into light having an emission angle ⁇ out of an angle ⁇ 2.
- the light amount loss due to the angle in the x direction can be recovered at the exit surface 820 of the tapered integrator rod 80.
- the light amount loss in the x direction is the same as that in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a configuration of the condensing optical system 1D for the optical data in Table 16.
- FIG. 39A is a diagram of the condensing optical system 1D viewed from the x direction
- FIG. 39B is a diagram of the condensing optical system 1D viewed from the y direction.
- the condensing optical system 1D shown in FIG. 39 includes a surface emitting light source 11, collimating lenses 713 and 813, a condenser lens 117, a condensing F value control lens 118, and an integrator rod 8.
- the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 11.
- the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 12.
- the first collimating lenses 713r, 713g, and 713b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 713.
- the second collimating lenses 813r, 813g, and 813b are collectively denoted by reference numeral 813.
- the size of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b is 2.7 mm ⁇ 2.0 mm.
- the size of the incident surface 810 of the tapered integrator rod 80 is 5.64 mm ⁇ 2.86 mm.
- the size of the emission surface 820 is 6.39 mm ⁇ 2.86 mm.
- the collection angle ⁇ i of the light beam in the x direction on the incident surface 810 is set to 33 degrees.
- the taper angle ⁇ was set to 1.5 degrees.
- the light take-in angle ⁇ s from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is 80 degrees.
- the allowable emission angle ⁇ is 30 degrees.
- the illumination angle ⁇ l at this time is about 11.5 degrees.
- the refractive index of the glass material used for the optical component is 1.52.
- the optical components are the collimating lenses 713 and 813, the condenser lens 117, the condensing F value control lens 118, and the integrator rod 80.
- the above specifications are the same as those of Numerical Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 shown in Embodiment 3 except for the size and taper of the incident surface 810 of the integrator rod 80.
- Table 16 The notation in Table 16 is the same as in Table 9.
- surface numbers S6, S7, and S8 are aspherical shapes.
- Table 17 shows the aspheric data.
- surface numbers S9 and S10 are toroidal surface shapes which are aspherical surfaces.
- Table 18 shows the aspheric data.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a simulation result of the condensing spot on the incident surface 810.
- a square frame in FIG. 40 indicates the range of the incident surface 81.
- the horizontal axis is the x axis, and the right direction of the horizontal axis is the + x direction.
- the vertical axis is the y-axis, and the upward direction of the vertical axis is the + y direction.
- a condensing spot of light having a wavelength of 550 nm is shown as a representative of light of three wavelengths (red light, green light, and blue light) emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b. .
- the condensed spots are the light emitted from the four corners of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b, the light emitted from the center of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b, and the midpoint of each side of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b. It is formed by the light emitted from.
- the condensing region of the condensing spot shown in FIG. 40 is narrower than the condensing region of the condensing spot shown in FIG.
- Table 19 shows the F value in the x direction and the F value in the y direction when the light is condensed on the incident surface 810 of the integrator rod 80.
- the radiation positions of the light rays are the positions P1 to P9 defined in FIG.
- the light collection angle ⁇ i is smaller toward the center of the incident surface 810. Therefore, in Table 19, the F value tends to increase toward the center of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b in the y direction, and the F value tends to decrease toward the edge of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b in the y direction.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i is larger than 30 degrees in the x direction, the F value is smaller than 1.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing the angle dependency of the light beam in the x direction on the incident surface 810 and the angle dependency of the light beam in the x direction on the exit surface 820.
- the horizontal axis represents the angle (degree) of the light beam.
- the vertical axis represents the light intensity (au).
- the broken line represents the distribution of the incident angle ⁇ in of light on the incident surface 810.
- the solid line represents the distribution of the light exit angle ⁇ out on the exit surface 820.
- the incident light includes light having an incident angle ⁇ in larger than 30 degrees. However, on the exit surface 820, most of the light has an angular distribution within 30 degrees. The effectiveness of the angle conversion of the light beam by the tapered integrator rod 80 was shown.
- Table 20 is a table showing the light collection efficiency on the incident surface 820 of Comparative Example 3 and Numerical Example 3.
- the allowable incident angle ⁇ is 30 degrees.
- the integrator rod of Comparative Example 3 has the same length as the tapered integrator rod 80 of Numerical Example 3, and has no taper.
- the light collection efficiency of Comparative Example 3 is 69.94%.
- the light collection efficiency of Numerical Example 3 is 80.20%.
- the light collection efficiency of Numerical Example 3 is improved by 14.67%.
- the relative efficiency is the light collection efficiency (light utilization efficiency) when the comparative example is 100%.
- the size of the integrator rod 80 is appropriately determined from the size of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b and the illumination F value. For this reason, it is considered that the light incident on the integrator rod 80 reaches the screen 25 in principle without light loss, except for the transmission loss such as illumination margin and lens and the loss in the image display element 22.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i at the center of the incident surface 810 is greater than the condensing angle ⁇ i at the edge of the incident surface 810 in the compression direction of the aspect ratio. Is also small.
- the condensing optical system 1D can reduce the light amount loss even when the aspect ratios of the light emitting surfaces 12r, 12g, and 12b are different from the aspect ratio of the image display element 22.
- the projection-type image display device 2D employing the condensing optical system 1D can reduce the light amount loss.
- the integrator rod 80 increases the light collection angle ⁇ i in the direction orthogonal to the compression direction of the aspect ratio. Thereby, the imaging magnification of the whole image can be reduced. Further, it is possible to further reduce the light amount loss due to the area of the aspect ratio in the compression direction.
- the condensing angle ⁇ i in the direction orthogonal to the compression direction of the aspect ratio is increased, the light amount loss due to the angle occurs in the direction orthogonal to the compression direction of the aspect ratio on the incident surface 810.
- the light quantity loss due to this angle is recovered by the light beam passing through the tapered integrator rod 80.
- the light exit loss 820 of the tapered integrator rod 80 can reduce the light amount loss as a whole.
- the condensing optical system 1D can implement
- the green surface-emitting light source 11g is opposed to the condenser lens 4. Further, the surface emitting light source 11r for red is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the surface emitting light source 11g for green. Further, the blue surface emitting light source 11b is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the green surface emitting light source 11g.
- the present invention is not limited to such a form.
- the surface emitting light source 11b for blue can be made to face the condenser lens 4.
- the surface emitting light source 11r for red can be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the surface emitting light source 11b for blue.
- the green surface-emitting light source 11g can be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the blue surface-emitting light source 11b.
- the surface emitting light source 11r for red can be opposed to the condenser lens 4.
- the green surface-emitting light source 11g can be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the red surface-emitting light source 11r.
- the blue surface-emitting light source 11b can be arranged in a direction orthogonal to the red surface-emitting light source 11r.
- each of the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b is represented as one lens.
- the condenser lens 4 is represented as a single lens.
- the collimating lenses 13r, 13g, and 13b are not limited to spherical lenses, and may be aspherical lenses, free-form curved lenses, or the like.
- the condenser lens 4 is not limited to a spherical lens, and an aspherical lens, a free-form surface lens, or the like can be used.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 has been described as a single lens, but the present invention is not limited to such a form. For example, it can be configured using two or more lenses in accordance with the specifications of the condensing optical system 1C, for example, the take-in angle ⁇ s, magnification, and the like.
- the condensing F value control lens 5 is not limited to a spherical lens, and an aspherical lens, a free-form surface lens, or the like can be used.
- the integrator rod 8 is used as the light intensity distribution uniformizing element.
- other light intensity distribution uniformizing elements such as a hollow light tunnel may be used.
- the means for synthesizing the light emitted from the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b is a dichroic mirror.
- the dichroic mirror it is not limited to the dichroic mirror, and other light combining means such as a dichroic prism may be used.
- the surface emitting light sources 11r, 11g, and 11b are three colors of red, green, and blue.
- a surface emitting light source having four or more colors may be used.
- a surface emitting light source having two colors such as cyan and red may be used.
- a white surface-emitting light source may be used.
- a monochromatic surface emitting light source may be used.
- the present invention can be applied to a condensing optical system using a surface emitting light source and a projection image display apparatus using the condensing optical system.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における集光光学系1Aを有する投写型画像表示装置2Aの基本構成を示す図である。実施の形態1における集光光学系1Aは、赤色(R)の波長帯域の光(以下、赤色光)を放射する赤色用の面発光光源11rと、緑色(G)の波長帯域の光(以下、緑色光)を放射する緑色用の面発光光源11gと、青色(B)の波長帯域の光(以下、青色光)を放射する青色用の面発光光源11bとを備えている。
Ei=Ai×π×sin2(θi) ・・・(2)
El=Al×π×sin2(θl) ・・・(3)
Es=As×π×sin2(θs)
=(3×4)×π×sin2(90°)
=12×π≒37.7
El=Ai×π×sin2(θl)
=(12×16)×π×sin2(14.5°)
≒192×π×0.0627≒37.7
Ei=Al×π×sin2(θi)
=(6×8)×π×sin2(30°)
=48×π×0.25≒37.7
以下、実施の形態1の集光光学系1Aの数値実施例1について説明する。表1には、集光光学系1Aの光学データを示す。図10には、表1の光学データの集光光学系の構成を示す。
Z1(r)=C・r2/{1+(1-(1+k)・C2・r2)1/2}+ΣAi・ri(i=1~n)・・・(4)
以下、実施の形態1の集光光学系1Aと対比するための比較例1について説明する。この比較例1では、面発光光源からの光をインテグレータロッドの許容入射角で集光するように構成した一般的な集光光学系である。比較例1の光学データを表4に示し、対応する構成を図18に示す。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2について説明する。図20は、本発明の実施の形態2における集光光学系1Bを有する投写型画像表示装置2Bの構成を概略的に示す図である。実施の形態2における集光光学系1Bは、インテグレータロッド8および照明光学系21を有さない点で、実施の形態1における集光光学系1A(図1)とは異なる。
次に、本発明の実施の形態3について説明する。以下では、互いに直交する3つの方向を、x方向(横方向)、y方向(縦方向)およびz方向(光軸と平行な方向)とする。
El=Al×π×sin2(θl) ・・・(5)
Ei=Ai×π×sin2(θi) ・・・(6)
Es=As×π×sin2(θs) ・・・(7)
El=Al×π×sin2(θl)
=(16.0×7.0)×π×sin2(11.53°)
≒14.1
Ei=Ai×π×sin2(θi)
=(6.4×2.8)×π×sin2(30°)
≒14.1
Es=As×π×sin2(θs)
=(2.7×2.0)×π×sin2(90°)
=17.0
xs×sin(θs)≦xi×sin(θi) ・・・(8)
ys×sin(θs)≦yi×sin(θi) ・・・(9)
xs×sin(θs)=2.7×sin(90°)=2.7
xi×sin(θi)=6.4×sin(30°)=3.2
従って、式(8)の条件を満たす。つまり、横方向(x方向)には光量損失が生じないことが分かる。
ys×sin(θs)=2.0×sin(90°)=2.0
yi×sin(θi)=2.8×sin(30°)=1.4
従って、ys×sin(θs)>yi×sin(θi)となり、式(9)の条件を満たさない。つまり、縦方向(y方向)で光量損失が生じることが分かる。
ここで、参考例2として、光量損失が生じる場合の構成について説明する。参考例2の構成要素は、説明の便宜上、実施の形態3の構成要素と同じ符号を用いて説明する。図22は、参考例2の集光光学系の構成を示す図である。図22(A)は、集光光学系を+y方向から見た図であり、図22(B)は、集光光学系を+x方向から見た図である。図22では、面発光光源11r,11g,11bは、まとめて符号11で表し、発光面12r,12g,12bは、まとめて符号12で表す。コリメートレンズ13r,13g,13bは、まとめて符号13で表す。参考例2の集光光学系は、従来の設計手法で設計され、光量損失が生じる集光光学系である。
図24は、参考例3の集光光学系の構成を示す図である。図24(A)は、集光光学系を+y方向から見た図であり、図24(B)は、集光光学系を+x方向から見た図である。参考例3の集光光学系は、従来の設計手法を用いて設計され、光量損失が生じる集光光学系である。
図26は、実施の形態3の集光光学系1Cの構成を示す図である。ここでは、面発光光源11r,11g,11bは、まとめて符号11で表し、発光面12r,12g,12bは、まとめて符号12で表す。コリメートレンズ13r,13g,13bは、まとめて符号13で表す。また、光軸方向をz方向とし、横方向をx方向、縦方向をy方向とする。図26(A)は、実施の形態3の集光光学系1Cを+y方向から見た図である。図26(B)は、実施の形態3の集光光学系1Cを+x方向から見た図である。
以下、実施の形態3の集光光学系1Cの数値実施例2について説明する。表8には、集光光学系1Cの光学データを示す。図30は、表8の光学データの集光光学系1Cの構成を示す図である。図30(A)は、集光光学系1Cをx方向から見た図である。図30(B)は、集光光学系1Cをy方向から見た図である。
Z1(r)=C・r2/{1+(1-(1+k)・C2・r2)1/2}+ΣAi・ri
(i=1~n)・・・(10)
Z1(y)=C・ry2/{1+(1-(1+k)・C2・ry2)1/2}+ΣAi・ryi2・i (i=1~n)・・・(11)
以下、実施の形態3の集光光学系1Cの効果と対比するための比較例2について説明する。この比較例2の集光光学系は、面発光光源11r,11g,11bから放射された光をインテグレータロッド8の入射面81に許容入射角αで集光するように設計された一般的な集光光学系である。
図35は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る集光光学系1Dおよび投写型画像表示装置2Dの構成を概略的に示す構成図である。図35に示すように、インテグレータロッド80がテーパ形状を有する点で実施の形態3と異なる。インテグレータロッド80は、光強度分布均一化素子である。
θout=θin-2×m×β・・・(12)
以下、実施の形態4の集光光学系1Dの数値実施例3について説明する。表16には、集光光学系1Dの光学データを示す。図39は、表16の光学データの集光光学系1Dの構成を示す図である。図39(A)は、集光光学系1Dをx方向から見た図であり、図39(B)は、集光光学系1Dをy方向から見た図である。
Claims (24)
- 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と、
前記集光素子により集光された光が入射する入射面を有し、入射した光の光強度分布を均一化して出射面より出射する光強度分布均一化素子と
を備え、
前記光強度分布均一化素子の前記入射面に集光される光のうち、前記入射面の中央部に集光される光の集光角が、前記入射面の隅部に集光される光の集光角よりも小さい
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と、
前記集光素子により集光された光が入射する入射面を有し、入射した光の光強度分布を均一化して出射面より出射する光強度分布均一化素子と
を備え、
前記光強度分布均一化素子の前記入射面に集光される光により形成される光スポットのうち、前記入射面の中央部に形成される光スポットが、前記入射面の隅部に形成される光スポットよりも大きい
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と、
前記集光素子により集光された光が入射する入射面を有し、入射した光の光強度分布を均一化して出射面より出射する光強度分布均一化素子と
を備え、
前記面発光光源の前記発光面から放射された光のうち、前記発光面の中央部から放射された光が、前記発光面の隅部から放射された光と比較して、より前記集光素子から離れた位置に集光すること
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と、
前記集光素子により集光された光が入射する入射面を有し、入射した光の光強度分布を均一化して出射面より出射する光強度分布均一化素子と
を備え、
前記面発光光源の前記発光面が前記光強度分布均一化素子の前記入射面に結像される結像倍率が、前記面発光光源の発光面の隅部よりも中央部において大きい
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 前記集光光学系を構成する少なくとも一つのレンズが、前記面発光光源の前記発光面の前記隅部から放射された光を、前記発光面の前記中央部から放射された光よりも強いパワーで集光する光学面を有することを特徴とする請求項1から4までのいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記光学面において、前記面発光光源の前記発光面の、主に中央部から放射された光に作用する部分のパワーは、主に隅部から放射された光に作用する部分のパワーよりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記光学面において、前記面発光光源の前記発光面の、主に中央部から放射された光に作用する部分が凹面形状をなし、主に隅部から放射された光に作用する部分が凸面形状をなすことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記光強度分布均一化素子が、インテグレータロッドであることを特徴とする請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記面発光源を複数備え、
複数の前記面発光光源から放射された光を合成して前記集光素子に導く光合成手段をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系。 - 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を画像表示素子の表示面に集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と
を備え、
前記画像表示素子の前記表示面に集光される光のうち、前記表示面の中央部に集光される光の集光角が、隅部に集光される光の集光角よりも小さい
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を画像表示素子の表示面に集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と
を備え、
前記画像表示素子の前記表示面に集光される光により形成される光スポットのうち、前記表示面の中央部に形成される光スポットが、前記表示面の隅部に形成される光スポットよりも大きい
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を画像表示素子の表示面に集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と
を備え、
前記面発光光源の前記発光面から放射された光のうち、前記発光面の中央部から放射された光が、前記発光面の隅部から放射された光と比較して、より前記集光素子から離れた位置に集光する
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 発光面を有し、発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換する、正のパワーを有するコリメート光学系と、
略平行光に変換された光を集光する、正のパワーを有する集光素子と、
前記集光素子で集光された光が入射する表示面を有する画像表示素子と
を備え、
前記面発光光源の前記発光面が前記画像表示素子の前記表示面に結像される結像倍率が、前記面発光光源の発光面の隅部よりも中央部において大きい
ことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 前記集光光学系を構成する少なくとも一つのレンズが、前記面発光光源の前記発光面の前記隅部から放射された光を、前記発光面に前記中央部から放射された光よりも強いパワーで集光する光学面を有することを特徴とする請求項10から13までのいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記光学面において、前記面発光光源の前記発光面の、主に中央部から放射された光に作用する部分のパワーは、主に隅部から放射された光に作用する部分のパワーよりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記光学面が、前記面発光光源の前記発光面の、主に中央部から放射された光に作用する部分が凹面形状をなし、主に隅部から放射された光に作用する部分が凸面形状をなすことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の集光光学系。
- 発光面を有し、前記発光面から光を放射する面発光光源と、
正のパワーを有し、前記発光面から放射された光を略平行光に変換するコリメート光学系と、
正のパワーを有し、2面以上のトロイダル面を有し、前記略平行光に変換された光を集光する集光素子と、
前記集光素子で集光された光が入射する入射面を有し、入射した光の光強度分布を均一化して出射面から出射する光強度分布均一化素子と
を備え、
前記発光面のアスペクト比は、前記入射面のアスペクト比と異なり、
前記入射面に集光するアスペクト比の圧縮方向の光のうち、前記入射面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の中央部に集光する光の集光角が、アスペクト比の圧縮方向の縁部に集光する光の集光角よりも小さいことを特徴とする集光光学系。 - 前記入射面に集光するアスペクト比の圧縮方向の光のうち、前記入射面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の中央部に集光する光のスポットが、アスペクト比の圧縮方向の縁部に集光する光のスポットよりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記発光面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の中央から放射した光の集光位置が、前記発光面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の縁部から放射した光の集光位置と比較して、より前記集光素子から離れていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記発光面が前記入射面に結像される際の結像倍率において、前記発光面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の縁部の結像倍率が、前記発光面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の中央部の結像倍率よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記表示素子の少なくとも2面以上の光学面が、トロイダル面を有し、前記発光面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の縁部から放射したアスペクト比の圧縮方向の光を、前記発光面のアスペクト比の圧縮方向の中央部から放射したアスペクト比の圧縮方向の光よりも、強いパワーで集光することを特徴とする請求項17から20のいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記光強度分布均一化素子は、前記入射面の面積が前記出射面の面積よりも小さいテーパ形状を有し、前記出射面から出射される光の出射角が前記入射面に集光する光の集光角より小さいことを特徴とする請求項17から21のいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系。
- 前記面発光光源を複数備え、
複数の前記面発光光源から放射された光を合成して前記集光素子に導く光合成手段をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項17から22までのいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系。 - 請求項1から23までのいずれか1項に記載の集光光学系と、
前記集光光学系から出射された光が入射し、入射した光を変調して画像光を生成する画像表示素子と、
前記画像表示素子で生成された画像光を拡大投写する投写光学系と
を備えたことを特徴とする投写型画像表示装置。
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US11829058B2 (en) | 2019-03-20 | 2023-11-28 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Light source device and image projection apparatus including a rod integrator and light guide |
JP7413740B2 (ja) | 2019-03-20 | 2024-01-16 | 株式会社リコー | 光源装置、画像投射装置及び光源光学系 |
US11703748B2 (en) | 2019-08-28 | 2023-07-18 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Light source lighting device and projection display apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US9261765B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
TW201333531A (zh) | 2013-08-16 |
DE112012005809T5 (de) | 2014-10-16 |
CN104094151A (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
JP5295468B1 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
US20140375958A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
CN104094151B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
DE112012005809B4 (de) | 2020-07-16 |
TWI506300B (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
JPWO2013114665A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
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