WO2013107005A1 - 人稀有血型的多重pcr检测方法和试剂盒 - Google Patents

人稀有血型的多重pcr检测方法和试剂盒 Download PDF

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WO2013107005A1
WO2013107005A1 PCT/CN2012/070522 CN2012070522W WO2013107005A1 WO 2013107005 A1 WO2013107005 A1 WO 2013107005A1 CN 2012070522 W CN2012070522 W CN 2012070522W WO 2013107005 A1 WO2013107005 A1 WO 2013107005A1
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multiplex pcr
seq
blood
sample
rare blood
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PCT/CN2012/070522
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶璐夷
朱自严
郭忠慧
贺云蕾
高欢欢
王攀
谢莉
朱傲雪
张威
高文杰
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上海市血液中心
杨启修
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Application filed by 上海市血液中心, 杨启修 filed Critical 上海市血液中心
Priority to PCT/CN2012/070522 priority Critical patent/WO2013107005A1/zh
Priority to ES12865995T priority patent/ES2759782T3/es
Priority to US14/343,046 priority patent/US10266882B2/en
Priority to EP12865995.0A priority patent/EP2778235B1/en
Publication of WO2013107005A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013107005A1/zh

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    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/686Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
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    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6881Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for tissue or cell typing, e.g. human leukocyte antigen [HLA] probes
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    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/156Polymorphic or mutational markers
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    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/16Primer sets for multiplex assays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of molecular biology, and in particular to a method for detecting a human blood type, a kit, a rapid screening method, and an application.
  • Rare blood type antigen refers to the frequency of an antigen of a certain blood type in a population of less than one thousandth. Due to its scarcity, a patient with a rare blood type is difficult to find a matching blood source during blood transfusion, thereby causing treatment. Delay. Therefore, the detection of rare blood types, rapid screening, and the establishment of a rare blood type library are extremely important.
  • the existing rare blood type detection methods mainly include:
  • Jk(a-b-) phenotype red blood cells can maintain cell membrane integrity in 2M urea solution for 30 minutes, and whether the red blood cells in the 2M urea solution are hemolyzed after 10 minutes to determine whether it is Jk(a-b-) phenotype;
  • the price of the reagent is too high, the screening cost is expensive, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale high-throughput screening.
  • the invention discloses a multiplex PCR detection method, a kit, a rapid screening method and an application for a human rare blood type, and the PCR detection result of a human blood type is positive by a multiplex PCR method through a special design of the primer, and Efficient screening of rare blood types.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a multiplex PCR detection method for human rare blood type, using a DNA template extracted from a blood sample as a sample to be tested, using multiple pairs of specific primers for multiplex PCR amplification, and electrophoresis detection for amplification results;
  • the specific primer is a specific primer for a rare blood group antigen SNP site on the blood cell surface antigen gene; the electrophoresis result of the multiplex PCR detection method is positive and detectable.
  • the multiplex PCR detection method of the present invention comprises a plurality of pairs of specific primers, each pair of specific primers for a rare blood type surface antigen, and a blood cell surface antigen gene fragment containing the rare blood group antigen SNP site.
  • sequence of the plurality of pairs of specific primers is SEQ ID NO: 1 to 6, SEQ ID NO: 7-12 or SEQ ID NO: 13-16.
  • the positive detectable method means: a DNA template of a rare blood type blood sample, or a DNA template containing a heterozygous non-rare blood type blood sample containing a rare blood group antigen SNP site can be specifically recognized by the primer designed by the present invention. And by a large number of amplification methods by PCR, the electrophoresis results show that a band appears at the corresponding position of the rare blood type, which is a positive result; and the DNA template of the homozygous non-rare blood type blood sample cannot be recognized and amplified by the primer. Electrophoresis results showed no rare blood-type bands. That is, a positive result has a band appearing.
  • negative detectable means homozygous or heterozygous non-rare blood type (common blood type)
  • the DNA template of the blood sample can be specifically identified by the corresponding designed primer, and amplified by PCR, and the electrophoresis result is displayed.
  • non-rare blood A band appears at the corresponding position, which is a negative result; and the DNA template of the rare blood type blood sample cannot be recognized and amplified by the primer (the genotype of the rare blood type is homozygous), and the electrophoresis results show that no rare blood type band appears. Positive result. That is, a negative result has a band appearing.
  • the specific steps of the multiplex PCR detection method for the human rare blood type include:
  • the multiplex PCR reaction system comprises a plurality of pairs of specific primers, a PCR buffer solution, a dNTP, a Taq enzyme, and a dd3 ⁇ 40, and the plurality of pairs of specific primer sequences are SEQ ID NO: NO: 7 ⁇ 12 or SEQ ID NO: 13-16;
  • step 4) performing the amplification reaction on the PCR reaction solution of step 3) according to the multiplex PCR amplification program;
  • amplification product obtained in the step 4) amplification reaction is electrophoresed on an agarose gel, and the result is observed by a gel imager;
  • the multiplex PCR reaction system with the primer sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 to 6 is a Yt-K-Kpc system for Yt(b+), K and Kp (c+). Detection of three rare blood types; the multiplex PCR reaction system with primer sequences of SEQ ID NO: 7-12 is Dia-OK-Cob system, for Di(a+;), Ok(a-) and Co(b+) Detection of rare blood types;
  • the multiplex PCR reaction system with primer sequences of SEQ ID NO: 13-16 is the Fyb-S system for the detection of two rare blood types of Fy(b+) and S.
  • the multiplex PCR detection method for human rare blood type the specific steps include:
  • the multiplex PCR reaction system comprises a plurality of pairs of specific primers, a PCR buffer solution, a dNTP, a Taq enzyme, and a dd3 ⁇ 40, and the plurality of pairs of specific primer sequences are SEQ ID NO: NO: 7 ⁇ 12 or SEQ ID NO: 13-16;
  • step 4) performing the amplification reaction on the PCR reaction solution of step 3) according to the multiplex PCR amplification program;
  • the amplification product obtained in the amplification reaction of step 4) is electrophoresed on an agarose gel, and the result is observed by a gel imager; 6) Judgment of test results:
  • the electrophoresis results show that the stripe appears at the position corresponding to the strip amplified by the positive control, and the test result of the rare blood type is positive; there is no position corresponding to the strip amplified by the positive control. When the band appears, the test result of the rare blood type is negative.
  • the positive control is a plasmid containing a rare blood type SP site gene fragment, and the positive control is capable of being sequenced as a pair of specificity in the plurality of pairs of specific primers of SEQ ID NOS: 1-16 Primer amplification.
  • the multiplex PCR reaction system of the step 2) further comprises an internal reference primer; the step 6) the determination result is: the electrophoresis result shows that the rare blood type is present in the strips of the rare blood type and the inner reference strip. The detection result was positive; the electrophoresis results showed that only the internal reference strip appeared, and the rare blood type test result was negative; the electrophoresis result showed that no stripe appeared and the detection failed.
  • the rare blood type strip is: after the rare blood type sample is amplified by the corresponding specific primer, the size of the rare blood type amplification product fragment corresponds to the strip at the position.
  • the internal reference strip is: after the blood sample to be tested is amplified by the corresponding internal reference primer, the size of the internal product amplification product fragment corresponds to the strip at the position.
  • the specific primer sequence is a multiplex PCR reaction system of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 6, the sequence of the internal reference primer is SEQ ID NO: 17 to 18; and the specific primer sequence is SEQ ID NO: 7
  • the multiplex PCR reaction system of ⁇ 12, the sequence of the internal reference primer is SEQ ID NO: 19-20; the specific primer sequence is the multiplex PCR reaction system of SEQ ID NO: 13-16, and the internal reference primer sequence is SEQ ID NO : 21 ⁇ 22.
  • the primer sequences of the Yt-K-Kpc system, the Dia-OK-Cob system and the Fyb-S system are as follows:
  • Beta-actinF CGGCATCGTCACCAACTG (SEQ ID NO: 19) 508 Beta-actin
  • Beta-actinR TGCAAAGAACACGGCTAAG (SEQ ID NO: 20) in (internal reference)
  • Bactin - S2 CTCTGCCTGACATGAGGGTTA (SEQ ID NO: 21) 675 Beta-act Bactin - AS TCACCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 22) in (internal reference)
  • Underlined indicates the specific SNP site to be detected, and the box indicates the introduction of primers. Mismatched base.
  • the amount of each component of the Yt-K-Kpc system, the Dia-OK-Cob system and the Fyb-S system can be referred to a conventional multiplex PCR system. More preferably, use TaKaRaTaqTM Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Supplied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg2+ plus) and dNTP Mixture) as follows:
  • the multiplex PCR amplification procedures of the Yt-K-Kpc system, the Dia-OK-Cob system, and the Fyb-S system are as follows: (1) Yt-K-Kpc system
  • Second stage 1 94 30s
  • the agarose used in electrophoresis is a 2% by weight agarose gel.
  • Analysis of test results According to the presence or absence of the PCR product and the size judgment result, if the gel imaging result of the sample is displayed at the position corresponding to the size of the PCR product of a rare blood type, or the corresponding position of the amplification product of the positive control product If the band appears, the rare blood type test result of the sample is positive, indicating that the blood sample may be a rare blood type or a heterozygote with a rare blood type SNP site, and further verified by molecular biological methods or serological methods; The result of the gel imaging is that there is no band at the position corresponding to the size of the PCR product of a rare blood type, or the corresponding position of the amplification product of the positive control product, indicating that the rare blood type test result of the sample is negative, that is, the blood sample is not It belongs to any of Yt(b+), K, Kp(c+), Di(
  • the second aspect of the invention discloses a multiplex PCR detection kit for human rare blood type, the kit comprising a plurality of pairs of specific primer sequences, wherein the plurality of pairs of specific primer sequences are SEQ ID NO: ⁇ 6 and/or SEQ ID NO : 7 ⁇ 12 and/or SEQ ID NO: 13 ⁇ 16.
  • the multiplex PCR detection kit for human rare blood type of the present invention is directed to the detection of the Yt-K-Kpc system and/or the Dia-OK-Cob system and/or the Fyb-S system.
  • the kit further comprises a PCR buffer, dNTP, Taq enzyme and one or more of ddH 2 0 in.
  • the kit further comprises an internal reference primer, the sequence of the plurality of pairs of specific primers is SEQ ID NO: 1 -6, and the sequence corresponding to the internal reference primer is SEQ ID NO: 17 to 18;
  • the specific primer sequences are SEQ ID NOs: 7-12, the corresponding internal reference primers are SEQ ID NOs: 19-20;
  • the plurality of pairs of specific primer sequences are SEQ ID NOs: 13-16, corresponding internal reference
  • the sequences of the primers are SEQ ID NOS: 21-22.
  • the kit further comprises a positive control.
  • the positive control is a plasmid containing a rare blood type SP site gene fragment, and the positive control can be sequenced as a plurality of pairs of specific primers of SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 16.
  • a pair of specific primers were amplified.
  • a rapid screening method for human rare blood type is provided, and based on the multiplex PCR detection method of the present invention, a plurality of blood samples are simultaneously detected. Efficient screening of rare blood types is achieved by combining multiplex PCR with a pool detection protocol.
  • the rare blood type screening method of the present invention combines the multiplex PCR method with the pool detection scheme.
  • the design principle is that the multiplex PCR method can amplify the specific sequence of the rare blood group antigen through its specific primer, and observe whether or not a band appears in the gel imaging. To determine whether a rare blood group SNP site is included; the Pool detection program can mix a certain number of blood samples for detection.
  • the pool is split. Perform multiplex PCR detection separately, and then continue to split the pool with positive detection until the original positive sample is determined; finally, the detected samples containing rare blood type SP sites are detected by PCR-SSP or sequencing, serological detection Wait for the method to verify.
  • the specific steps of the rapid screening method for human rare blood type of the present invention are:
  • A. Preparation of a sample to be tested a pool is constructed from a plurality of blood samples, and a DNA template of each blood sample constituting the pool is separately extracted, and the DNA template is mixed to obtain a sample to be tested of the pool;
  • Step 6) performing a multiplex PCR test to screen out a blood sample positive for the test result;
  • step B If the number of blood samples in the pool with positive test results is greater than 5, the blood sample of the pool that is positive in step B is split, and two new pools are formed, respectively.
  • the DNA template of the blood sample is mixed, and two test samples of the Pool are obtained, and multiplex PCR detection is performed by using the multiplex PCR detection method steps 2) to 6) of the present invention, and the Pool which is positive for the detection result is screened;
  • the plurality of blood samples according to the present invention means that the number of blood samples is 2 to 12 parts. More preferably, the plurality of blood samples means that the number of blood samples is 5 to 12 parts. Most preferably, the plurality of blood samples means that the number of blood samples is five.
  • the screening method combines a plurality of blood samples together to form a pool, and if the multiplex PCR results are not positive, each blood sample constituting the pool is not a rare blood type; if the multiplex PCR result is positive, the composition is At least one blood sample in the Pool sample contains a rare blood type SP site.
  • the pool that is positive for the test continues to perform the rare blood type test:
  • the pool is split and tested separately until the number of blood samples in the pool that is positive is less than or equal to At 5 o'clock, the DNA template of the blood sample constituting the pool is used as a sample to be tested for multiplex PCR reaction, and a blood sample positive for the hemorrhagic test is screened; when the number of blood samples in the positive pool is small (less than or equal to 5)
  • the DNA template of the blood sample in the Pool can be used as a sample to be tested for multiplex PCR reaction, and a blood sample positive for the hemorrhagic test can be screened.
  • the fourth aspect of the invention provides a multiplex PCR detection method for human rare blood type, a kit for detecting by using the multiplex PCR detection method, and a rapid screening method based on the multiplex PCR detection method in human rare blood type detection and rapid screening application.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
  • the rare blood type is caused by the polymorphism of the SP site of the blood cell surface antigen, so the rare blood type detection of the prior art, since the primer used is the SP position for the high frequency antigen (common blood type antigen) Point design, so the prior art is negatively detectable (non-rare blood samples pass PCR amplification and gel imaging experiments, strips appear in the corresponding position of the gel; and rare blood types have no bands appear);
  • the present invention designs a primer for an allele that can amplify a SNP site containing a low frequency antigen (rare blood group antigen) or an allele containing a high frequency antigen deletion phenotype SNP site by a special design of the primer to make a rare blood type
  • the detection is positive and can be detected, so that the multiplex PCR method can be combined with the pool detection scheme:
  • multiplex PCR can simultaneously target multiple antigens in the same PCR reaction by multiple pairs of primers for different rare blood type SP sites.
  • the gene is typed, and more information is obtained in a single reaction, and the PCR method has good repeatability, high sensitivity, and high specificity.
  • the formation of commercial detection reagents is more economical and efficient; on the other hand, by combining multiple blood samples to form a detection scheme for the Pool detection pool, overcoming the existing detection method to detect only one blood sample with low efficiency and long time, one time Sexual detection of multiple blood samples to improve detection efficiency.
  • the invention overcomes the problem that the sample to be detected in the blood sample is excessive and interferes with the multiplex PCR by designing the mismatched primer and the optimization of the combination of the different primer pairs, and the rare blood type can be screened with high sensitivity and specificity.
  • the detection method of the present invention combines the advantages of the multiplex PCR method and the pool detection scheme to multiply the effect, greatly improves the detection efficiency of the rare blood type, improves the sensitivity and specificity of the detection, and shortens the The time it takes to detect and reduce the cost of testing is of great practical significance.
  • Figure 1 Gel imaging results of amplification products of Yt-K-Kpc system
  • Figure 2 Gel imaging results of amplification products of Dia-OK-Cob system
  • Figure 3 Gel imaging results of amplification products of Fyb-S system
  • Figure 4 Yt plasmid dilution experimental gel imaging results
  • Figure 5 K plasmid dilution experimental gel imaging results
  • Figure 6 Kpc plasmid dilution experimental gel imaging results
  • Figure 7 Dia plasmid dilution experimental gel imaging results
  • Figure 8 0K Plasmid Dilution Experimental Gel Imaging Results
  • Figure 9 Cob Plasmid Dilution Experimental Gel Imaging Results
  • Figure 10 Fyb Plasmid Dilution Experimental Gel Imaging Results
  • Figure 11 S Plasmid Dilution Experimental Gel Imaging Results
  • Primer design principle The 3'-end of the PCR-SSP primer was designed to be a rare blood group antigen allele-specific site (the amplification site in the literature is a normal antigen allele-specific site), and the specific primer introduces a small amount of error. Match.
  • sequence of primer design reference is as follows: Yt- K- Kpc system:
  • ACHE Homo sapiens acetylchol inesterase
  • RefSeqGene on chromosome 7 NCBI Reference Sequence : NG—007474. 1
  • Homo sapiens solute carrier family 4 anion exchanger, member 1 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3, Diego blood group) (SLC4A1), RefSeqGene on chromosome 17 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_007498.1)
  • BSG basigin (Ok blood group)
  • RfSeqGene on chromosome 19 NCBI Reference Sequence: NG—007468.1
  • YPB Homo sapiens glycophorin B
  • RefSeqGene on chromosome 4. NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_007483.2
  • Primers were synthesized by a conventional method. 2.
  • the Yt-K-Kpc multiplex PCR reaction system is as follows:
  • Dia-OK-Cob multiplex PCR reaction system is as follows:
  • Dia_sm4h GTGGGTGGTGAAGTCCA ⁇ TCT (SEQ ID NO: 7) 645 Df dia-as AGAGGGTCTGGCTGTCTTGAA (SEQ ID NO: 8)
  • Beta-actinF CGGCATCGTCACCAACTG (SEQ ID NO: 19) 508 Beta-actin (
  • Beta-actinR TGCAAAGAACACGGCTAAG SEQ ID NO: 20
  • the multiplex PCR system of the present invention uses TaKaRa TaqTM Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Supplied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg2+ plus) and dNTP Mixture), and the total volume of the system is 25 ⁇ L.
  • the system composition is as follows:
  • the Fyb-S multiplex PCR reaction system is as follows: (1) PCR primer sequence
  • the multiplex PCR system of the present invention uses TaKaRa TaqTM Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Suppl ied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg2+ plus) and dNTP Mixture), and the total volume of the system is 25 ⁇ L.
  • the system composition is as follows:
  • Example 2 Construction of Positive Control Method 1 Obtain the DNA of the rare blood sample to be constructed, design primers to amplify the fragment containing the SP site to be detected, connect to the pGM-T vector, transform the DH5a competent cells, and pick the monoclonal Post-sequencing validation confirmed the construction of Ytb, K, Dia and Cob positive controls.
  • Dia-R CATCCCGACCTTCCTCCTCAT SEQ ID NO: 28
  • Fyb-R ACCTCACCAGGAAATCCAGTC SEQ ID NO: 32
  • GCACAGGTGGAACAGTAAGG SEQ ID NO: 33
  • Second stage 2 55 lmin 38
  • KEL encoding Kell blood group system kp e antigen, Gene bank serial number NG007492
  • the primer sequences are as follows:
  • the H 2 0 33.75 ⁇ 1 amplification procedure is as follows:
  • the ligation product was transformed into E. coli DH5 a competent cells, coated with LB solid plate containing ampicillin, cultured overnight at 37 ° C, and then the positive clones were picked in LB liquid medium containing ampicillin at 250 r / min, 37 ° C was cultured overnight, plasmids were extracted, and the inserts were sequenced using T7 universal sequencing primers.
  • the primer sequences are as follows:
  • the amplification system is as follows:
  • Deionized water is added to the amplification procedure as follows:
  • Second stage 2 60 30s 35
  • the PCR product was subjected to taper recovery and subjected to 5' phosphorylation.
  • the ligation product was transformed into DH5 (x competent cells, and the plasmid was extracted at 37 ° C overnight, and the mutation results were sequenced using T7 sequencing primers.
  • the primer sequences are as follows:
  • the amplification system is as follows:
  • the H 2 0 50 ⁇ 1 amplification procedure is as follows:
  • the third stage 72 5min 1 The third stage 72 5min 1
  • the ligation product was transformed into E. coli DH5 a competent cells, and LB solid plate containing ampicillin was applied and cultured at 37 ° C overnight, after which positive clones were picked in LB liquid medium containing ampicillin at 250 r/min, 37°. C was cultured overnight, plasmids were extracted, and the inserts were sequenced using T7 universal sequencing primers.
  • the primer sequences are as follows:
  • Second stage 2 60 30s 35
  • the PCR product was subjected to taper recovery and subjected to 5' phosphorylation.
  • the ligation product was transformed into DH5 (x competent cells, and the plasmid was extracted at 37 ° C overnight, and the mutation results were sequenced using T7 sequencing primers.
  • Example 3 Screening of rare blood types
  • Non-rare blood type blood samples, rare blood type blood samples, and control plasmids in the following experiments were verified by sequencing.
  • I. Detection of blood pool without rare blood type-specific SP site Randomly take 12 blood samples and extract genomic DNA separately. The sequencing confirmed that there is no rare blood group-specific SNP site.
  • the rare blood type is detected by the rare blood type screening method of the present invention: the obtained DNA templates are mixed to form a sample to be tested containing 12 blood samples; and the samples to be tested are respectively added to the corresponding multiples described in Embodiment 1.
  • the PCR reaction solution of the Yt-K-Kpc system, the Dia-OK-Cob system and the Fyb-S system is obtained, and the PCR reaction solution of the positive control substance is simultaneously prepared; the PCR reaction liquid obtained in the previous step is respectively subjected to The corresponding PCR amplification program performs an amplification reaction; the obtained amplification product is electrophoresed on an agarose gel, and the result is observed by a gel imager.
  • the results of the gel imager showed that there was an internal reference band, but no band appeared at the position corresponding to the size of the amplified fragment of the positive control, so the detection result of the rare blood type screening method was that there was no rare in the 12 blood samples. Blood type blood samples, the test results are consistent with DNA sequencing results. 2. Detection of pools containing blood samples with rare blood type-specific SP sites
  • Yt-K-Kpc system selects 4 blood samples containing no rare blood type-specific SP sites, extracts DNA templates separately, mixes them, and mixes them with a blood sample genomic DNA containing no rare blood group-specific SP sites.
  • Yt(b+) blood sample genomic DNA, K blood sample genomic DNA, Kpc control plasmid are composed of four Pools containing 5 DNA samples, amplified according to the Yt-K-Kpc system described in Example 1 and corresponding reaction conditions, and amplified.
  • the product gel electrophoresis was detected by a gel imager. The electrophoresis results are shown in Figure 1 of the specification.
  • Lane 1 Marker, each fragment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp; Lane 2, 3, 4: 3.2 ⁇ 1 of 4 copies of blood samples without rare blood type-specific SNP locus genomic DNA (concentration 50-100 Ng/ ⁇ ) mixture + 0.8 ⁇ 1 rare blood group genomic DNA (concentration 50-100 ng/ ⁇ ) or control plasmid (concentration 0.01 ng/ ⁇ ); Lanes 5: 4 ⁇ 1 of 5 parts without rare blood group-specific SP site blood sample Genomic DNA (concentration of 50-100 ng/ ⁇ gel imager showed that line 2, 3, 4 had bands appearing at the position corresponding to the size of the corresponding rare blood-type amplified fragment, and then composed of groups 2, 3, and 4.
  • the pool test results were positive; since the number of pool DNA samples in groups 2, 4, and 5 was equal to 5, the DNA of each blood sample in the pools of groups 2, 3, and 4 was used as a template for multiplex PCR reaction.
  • the detection results of the rare blood type of the multiplex PCR method are consistent with the results of DNA sequencing.
  • the Dia-0K-Cob system selects 4 genomic DNAs containing no blood type-specific SP site blood samples, and mixes them with two genomic DNAs containing no rare blood group-specific SP sites, Di(a+b+).
  • Blood sample genomic DNA, OK control plasmid, Co(b+) blood sample genomic DNA consists of five Pools containing 5 DNA samples, amplified according to the Dia_0K-Cob system described in Example 1 and corresponding reaction conditions, and amplified product gel electrophoresis. Post gel imager detection. The electrophoresis results are shown in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
  • Lanes 1, 5 4 parts of 4 ⁇ 1 blood samples without rare blood type-specific SNPs (concentration 50-100 ng/ ⁇ ); Lanes 2, 3, 4: 3.2 parts of 3.2 ⁇ 1 do not contain rare blood group-specific SNPs Site blood sample genomic DNA (concentration 50-100 ng/ ⁇ ) mixture + 0.8 ⁇ 1 rare blood group genomic DNA (concentration 50-100 ng/ ⁇ ) or control plasmid (concentration 0.01 ng/ ⁇ ); Lane 6: Marker, each fragment They are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • the results of the gel imager showed that lines 2, 3, and 4 had bands appearing at positions corresponding to the size of the corresponding rare blood type amplified fragments, and the results of the pools of the groups 2, 3, and 4 were positive;
  • the number of DNA samples of the 3 and 4 groups is equal to 5, and the DNA of each blood sample in the 2, 3, and 4 groups of blood samples is used as a template for multiplex PCR reaction.
  • the detection results of the rare blood type of the obtained multiplex PCR method are consistent with the results of DNA sequencing. 3.
  • the electrophoresis results are shown in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
  • the results of the gel imager showed that lines 2 and 3 showed bands at positions corresponding to the size of the corresponding rare blood type amplified fragments, and the results of the formation of Pool 2 and 3 were positive; line 4 corresponds to Fyb and S.
  • the detection results of the four groups of Pool containing both Fyb and S rare blood types are positive; the DNA of each blood sample in the 2, 3, and 4 groups of blood samples is used as a template for multiplex PCR.
  • the results of the reaction and the obtained multiplex PCR method for the rare blood type were consistent with those of the DNA sequencing.
  • Example 4 Screening of rare blood type kits
  • non-rare blood type blood samples, rare blood type blood samples, and control plasmids were all verified by sequencing.
  • the Pool is split into two new pools each containing 6 blood samples, and multiplex PCR is performed according to the conditions of the Fyb-S system.
  • a pool with a positive test result The pool with positive test results continued to be split until the number of blood samples in the pool with positive test results was 3, and multiplex PCR was performed on the three DNA samples, and finally the blood samples with positive results were detected.
  • DNA sequencing of blood samples positive for PCR results showed that the sequencing results were consistent with the results of multiplex PCR screening methods for human rare blood types.
  • Yt plasmid is shown in Figure 4: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2 ⁇ 1 mixed non-rare blood group genomic DNA + 0. 8 ⁇ 1 Yt plasmid, plasmid concentration is 0.1 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.001 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.0001 Ng/ ⁇ 0.00001 ng/ ⁇ ; Lane 7: Marker, each segment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • K plasmid is shown in Figure 5: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2 ⁇ 1 mixed non-rare blood group genomic DNA + 0. 8 ⁇ 1 ⁇ plasmid, plasmid concentration is lng / ⁇ 0.1 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.001 ng / ⁇ 0.0001 ng/ ⁇ 0.00001 ng/ ⁇ ; Lane 6: Marker, each fragment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • Kpc plasmid as shown in Figure 6: Lanes 1-7: 3. 2 ⁇ 1 mixed non-rare blood group genomic DNA + 0. 8 ⁇ 1 Kpc plasmid, plasmid concentration 0.1 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.001 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.0001 ng/ ⁇ 0.000001 ng/ ⁇ ; Lane 8: Marker, each fragment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • Dia plasmid is shown in Figure 7: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2 ⁇ 1 mixed non-rare blood group genomic DNA + 0. 8 ⁇ 1 Dia plasmid, plasmid concentration is lng / ⁇ 0.1 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.001 ng / ⁇ 0.0001 ng/ ⁇ 0.00001 ng/ ⁇ ; Lane 7: Marker, each fragment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • Cob plasmid is shown in Figure 9: Lanes 1-5: 3. 2 ⁇ 1 mixed non-rare blood group genomic DNA + 0. 8 ⁇ 1 Cob plasmid, plasmid concentration is lng / ⁇ 0.1 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.001 ng / ⁇ 0.0001 ng/ ⁇ ; Lane 6: Marker, each fragment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • Fyb plasmid is shown in Figure 10: Lanes 1-7: 3. 2 ⁇ 1 mixed non-rare blood group genomic DNA + 0. 8 ⁇ 1 Fyb plasmid, plasmid concentration is lng / l, 0.1 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.001 Ng/ ⁇ 0.0001 ng/ ⁇ 0.00001 ng/ ⁇ 0.000001 ng/ ⁇ ; Lane 8: Marker, each fragment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • ( 8 ) S plasmid As shown in Figure 11: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2 ⁇ 1 mixed non-rare blood group genomic DNA + 0. 8 ⁇ 1 S plasmid, plasmid concentration is lng / ⁇ 0.1 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.01 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.001 ng / ⁇ ⁇ 0.0001 ng / ⁇ 0.00001 ng/ ⁇ ; Lane 7: Marker, each fragment is 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 bp.
  • the pool detection method of the rare blood type of the invention has high sensitivity, and the plasmid concentration can be detected as low as 0.0001 ng/ ⁇ or even 0.000001 ng/ ⁇ .

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种人稀有血型的检测方法、试剂盒、快速筛选方法以及应用。利用针对多种稀有血型SNP位点的多对PCR特异性引物,在同一个PCR反应体系中同时对多个稀有血型的SNP位点进行检测;并将多重PCR方法与Pool检测方法结合,对人稀有血型进行快速筛选。

Description

人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法和试剂盒
技术领域 本发明涉及分子生物领域, 具体涉及一种人稀有血型的检测方法、 试剂盒、 快速筛选方 法以及应用。
背景技术 稀有血型抗原是指某种血型的抗原在人群中的频率低于千分之一, 由于它的稀缺性, 稀 有血型的病人在输血时, 很难找到相配的血液来源, 从而导致救治的延误。 因此, 稀有血型 的检测、 快速筛选和稀有血型库的建立极为重要。 现有的稀有血型检测方法主要包括:
1. 血清学方法:
( 1 ) 利用人源多克隆血清, 使用试管法、 U型 96孔微量板方法或者凝胶法, 通过盐水 凝集试验或者间接抗人球蛋白试验进行稀有血型检测;
(2) 利用动物源性 (主要为鼠源性) 单克隆或多克隆的 IgM型或者 IgG型抗体试剂, 使用试管法、 U型 96孔微量板方法或凝胶法, 通过盐水凝集试验或者间接抗人球蛋 白试验进行稀有血型检测;
(3 ) 对于特殊的 Jk(a-b-)表型, 可采用尿素法。 Jk(a-b-)表型红细胞可在 2M尿素溶液中 保持细胞膜完整性 30分钟,通过受检者红细胞在 2M尿素溶液中 10分钟后是否溶血, 判断是否为 Jk(a-b-)表型;
2. 分子生物学方法: 基于红细胞抗原 S P位点设计。
( 1 ) 中低通量基因分型: 包括 PCR-RFLP、 PCR-SSP、 实时定量 PCR、 焦磷酸测序技 术等。
(2) 高通量基因分型:包括商业化或非商业化的 Beadchip、: BloodChip、 GenomeLab SNP stream Luminex xMAP 固相杂交技术等。
3. 复查: 对通过以上两种方法筛选得到的稀有血型样本, 一般需通过盐水凝集试验或者间接 抗球蛋白试验等血清学方法进行复查。 现有的稀有血型检测方法存在的问题:
1 ) 血清学方法:大多数红细胞稀有血型抗原难以获得人源性抗体或商业化
或者试剂价格过高, 筛选成本昂贵, 难以实现大规模高通量的筛选。
2) 分子生物学方法: 中低通量分型方法往往耗时长,难以实现大规模高通
已有的高通量分型方法则价格昂贵。且现有的基因分型方法均对单个标本进行
增加了检测成本。 因此, 找到一种快速、 经济、 有效的稀有血型检测和筛选方法极具现实意义。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法、 试剂盒、 快速筛选方法以及应用, 通过引物的特殊设计, 通过多重 PCR的方法使人稀有血型的 PCR检测结果为阳性可检出, 并 实现人稀有血型的高效筛选。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法, 以血液样本提取的 DNA 模板作为待测样品, 利用多对特异性引物进行多重 PCR扩增, 电泳法检测扩增结果; 所述特 异性引物是针对血细胞表面抗原基因上的稀有血型抗原 SNP位点的特异性引物;所述多重 PCR 检测方法的电泳结果为阳性可检出。
本发明的多重 PCR检测方法包括多对特异性引物, 每对特异性引物分别针对一种稀有血 型表面抗原, 扩增含该稀有血型抗原 SNP位点的血细胞表面抗原基因片段。
较优的,所述多对特异性引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1 ~6、 SEQ ID NO: 7-12或 SEQ ID NO: 13~16。
本发明所述的阳性可检出是指: 稀有血型血液样本的 DNA模板, 或者含有稀有血型抗原 SNP位点的杂合的非稀有血型血液样本的 DNA模板能够被本发明设计的引物特异性识别,并通 过 PCR的方法大量扩增, 电泳结果显示在稀有血型对应位置处有条带出现, 为阳性结果; 而 纯合的非稀有血型血液样本的 DNA模板则不能够被引物识别并扩增, 电泳结果显示无稀有血 型条带出现。 即阳性结果有条带出现。
相对的, 阴性可检出是指: 纯合或杂合的非稀有血型 (常见血型) 血液样本的 DNA模板 能够被对应设计的引物特异性识别, 并通过 PCR的方法大量扩增, 电泳结果显示在非稀有血 型对应位置处有条带出现, 为阴性结果; 而稀有血型血液样本的 DNA模板不能够被引物识别 并扩增 (稀有血型的基因型为纯合子) , 电泳结果显示无稀有血型条带出现, 为阳性结果。 即阴性结果有条带出现。
较优的, 所述人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法具体步骤包括:
1) 待测样品的制备: 采集血液样本, 提取 DNA模板作为待测样品;
2) 制备多重 PCR反应体系:所述多重 PCR反应体系包括多对特异性引物、 PCR缓冲溶液、 dNTP、 Taq酶以及 dd¾0,所述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO:卜 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7~12或 SEQ ID NO: 13-16;
3) 将步骤 1 ) 制备的待测样品加入到步骤 2 ) 制备的多重 PCR反应体系中, 得到 PCR反 应液;
4) 对步骤 3 ) 的 PCR反应液按多重 PCR扩增程序进行扩增反应;
5) 将步骤 4)扩增反应获得的扩增产物于琼脂糖凝胶中电泳,通过凝胶成像仪观察结果;
6) 检测结果的判断: 电泳结果显示有条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阳性; 电泳结果 显示无条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阴性。
较佳的, 步骤 2) 所述的多重 PCR反应体系中, 引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1 ~6的多重 PCR反应体系为 Yt-K-Kpc体系, 针对 Yt(b+)、 K和 Kp(c+)三种稀有血型的检测; 引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 7-12的多重 PCR反应体系为 Dia-OK-Cob体系, 针对 Di(a+;)、 Ok(a-)和 Co(b+) 三种稀有血型的检测; 引物序列为 SEQ ID NO : 13-16的多重 PCR反应体系为 Fyb-S体系, 针对 Fy(b+)和 S两种稀有血型的检测。
较佳的, 人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法, 具体步骤包括:
1 ) 待测样品的制备: 采集血液样本, 提取 DNA模板作为待测样品;
2 ) 制备多重 PCR反应体系:所述多重 PCR反应体系包括多对特异性引物、 PCR缓冲溶液、 dNTP、 Taq酶以及 dd¾0,所述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO:卜 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7~12或 SEQ ID NO: 13-16;
3 ) 将步骤 1 )制备的待测样品以及构建的阳性对照品分别加入到步骤 2 )制备的多重 PCR 反应体系中, 得到 PCR反应液;
4) 对步骤 3 ) 的 PCR反应液按多重 PCR扩增程序进行扩增反应;
5 ) 将步骤 4)扩增反应获得的扩增产物于琼脂糖凝胶中电泳,通过凝胶成像仪观察结果; 6) 检测结果的判断:电泳结果显示在与阳性对照品扩增的条带对应的位置有条带出现则 稀有血型的检测结果为阳性;在与阳性对照品扩增的条带对应的位置无条带出现则稀 有血型的检测结果为阴性。
更佳的, 所述阳性对照品为含有稀有血型 S P位点基因片段的质粒, 并且所述阳性对照 品能够被序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1-16的多对特异性引物中的一对特异性引物扩增。 较佳的, 所述步骤 2)的多重 PCR反应体系还包括内参引物; 所述步骤 6)检测结果的判 断为: 电泳结果显示有稀有血型条带和内参条带两个条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阳性; 电泳结果显示仅有内参条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阴性; 电泳结果显示无条带出现则 检测失败。 所述稀有血型条带为: 稀有血型样品被其对应的特异性引物扩增后, 稀有血型扩增产物 片段大小对应位置处的条带。 所述内参条带为: 待测血液样品被相应的内参引物扩增后, 内 参扩增产物片段大小对应位置处的条带。 最佳的, 所述特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1~6的多重 PCR反应体系, 其内参引物的 序列为 SEQ ID NO: 17〜18; 所述特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 7~12的多重 PCR反应 体系,其内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 19〜20;所述特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 13-16 的多重 PCR反应体系, 其内参引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 21〜22。 更佳的, 所述 Yt-K-Kpc体系、 Dia-OK-Cob体系以及 Fyb-S体系引物序列如下:
稀有血 引物名称 序列 扩增产 SNP位点 型体系 物 (bp)
Yt-sm4 TCATCAACGCGGGAGACTT (SEQ ID NO: 1) 636 Yf
Yt-K-Kp Yt-as CACGGGGCACACGACATT (SEQ ID NO: 2)
c体系 K—sm5 CTTCCTTAAACTTTAACCG§AT (SEQ ID NO: 3) 204 K
K—as CCCAACCTGCAACCTTCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 4)
Kpc-sm2 TGTCAATCTCCATCACTTCA (SEQ ID NO: 5) 462 Kp
Kpc-as TCCTCCACCAGTTGTGACAT (SEQ ID NO: 6)
Bactin-s TTCCCTCCTCAGATCATTGCT (SEQ ID NO: 17) 320 Beta-act
Bactin-as TCACCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 18) in (内参) dia—sm4h GTGGGTGGTGAAGTCCA^CT (SEQ ID NO: 7) 645 Df
Dia-OK- dia—as AGAGGGTCTGGCTGTCTTGAA (SEQ ID NO: 8)
Cob 体 OK-sm8h TACTCCTGCGTCTTCCTC CA (SEQ ID 292 OK 274A
NO :9)
OK— as CTCCCCCTCGTTGATGTGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 10) Co - smh GGTGGGGAACAACCAGAgGT (SEQ ID N0:11) 395 Co
Co— ash CCTCCAGCAACCTCTTGTCCTCTC (SEQ ID
NO: 12)
Beta-actinF CGGCATCGTCACCAACTG (SEQ ID NO: 19) 508 Beta-act
Beta-actinR TGCAAAGAACACGGCTAAG (SEQ ID NO :20) in (内参)
FYBS CTTCCCAGATGGAGACTAT§A (SEQ ID NO: 13) 558 Fy
Fyb-S体 FYBAS AACAAGACAAAGATGGCAAGA (SEQ ID NO: 14)
S-s TGATAGCCGCATGACCCTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 15) 442 S
S-asm ACGATGGACAAGTTGTCC§A_ (SEQ ID NO: 16)
Bactin - S2 CTCTGCCTGACATGAGGGTTA (SEQ ID NO :21) 675 Beta-act Bactin— AS TCACCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTT (SEQ ID NO :22) in (内参) 注: 下划线表示待检测的特异性 SNP位点, 方框表示设计引物时引入的错配碱基。 较佳的, 所述 Yt-K-Kpc体系、 Dia-OK-Cob体系以及 Fyb-S体系的各组分用量可参考常规 多重 PCR体系。更佳的, 使用 TaKaRaTaq™ Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Supplied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg2+ plus) and dNTP Mixture) , 具体如下:
( 1 ) Yt-K-Kpc体系
名称 用 i t (μί/25μί)
DNA模板 4
Buffer 2.5
dNTP 2
Yt-sm4 1.75
Yt-as 1.75
K-sm5 1
K~as 1
Kpc-sm2 1
Kpc-as 1
Bactin-s 0.2
Bactin-as 0.2
Taq-HS 0.125
H20 8.475
(2) Dia-OK-Cob体系:
名称 用量 (μ!725μί)
DNA模板 4
Buffer 2.5
dNTP 2
dia_sm4h 1.75
dia-as 1.75
OK-sm8h 1 OK - as 1
Co-smh 1
Co-ash 1
Beta-actinF 0.2
Beta-actinR 0.2
Taq-HS 0.125
H20 8.475
( 3 ) Fyb-S体系
名称 用量 (μΙ725μ )
DNA模板 4
Buffer 2.5
dNTP 2
FYB-s 0.75
FYB-as 0.75
S-asm 1
S-s 1
Bactin~S2 0.2
Bactin-as 0.2
Taq-HS 0.125
H20 12.475
较佳的,所述 Yt-K-Kpc体系、 Dia-OK-Cob体系以及 Fyb-S体系的多重 PCR扩增程序如下: ( 1 ) Yt-K-Kpc体系
阶段 步骤 温度 (°C ) 保温时间 循环次数
94 5min
94 30s
61 30s
72 45s
94 30s
58 30s
72 45s
72 7min
( 2 ) Dia-OK-Cob体系
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 1 94 5min 1
第二阶段 1 94 30s
2 60 30s 35
3 72 45s 第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
( 3 ) Fyb-S体系
阶段 步骤 温度 (°C ) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 ~ ~~ 94 5min i 第二阶段 1 94 30s
2 58 30s 35
3 72 45s
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
较佳的, 步骤 5 ) 中, 电泳使用的琼脂糖重量百分比为 2%的琼脂糖凝胶。 检测结果分析: 根据 PCR产物的有无及大小判断结果, 若样品的凝胶成像结果显示在某 一稀有血型 PCR扩增产物大小对应的位置处, 或者阳性对照品扩增产物对应位置处有条带出 现, 则该样本的稀有血型检测结果为阳性, 说明血液样本可能为稀有血型或为具有稀有血型 SNP位点的杂合子, 再通过分子生物学方法或者血清学方法进一步验证; 若样品的凝胶成像结 果在某一稀有血型 PCR扩增产物大小对应的位置处, 或者阳性对照品扩增产物对应位置处无 任何条带出现, 则说明该样本的稀有血型检测结果为阴性, 即血液样本不属于 Yt(b+)、 K、 Kp(c+)、 Di(a+)、 Ok(a -)、 Co(b+)、 Fy(b+)及 S血型中的任一种。 本发明第二方面公开了一种人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测试剂盒,该试剂盒包含多对特异 性引物,所述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 卜 6和 /或 SEQ ID NO: 7~12和 /或 SEQ ID NO: 13~16。 本发明所述人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测试剂盒针对的是 Yt-K-Kpc体系和 /或 Dia-OK-Cob 体系和 /或 Fyb-S体系的检测。 较佳的, 所述试剂盒还包括 PCR缓冲溶液、 dNTP、 Taq酶以及 ddH20中的一种或多种。 较佳的, 所述试剂盒还包括内参引物, 所述多对特异性引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1 -6, 其对应内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 17〜18; 所述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 7-12,其对应的内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 19〜20;所述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 13-16, 其对应的内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 21〜22。 较佳的, 所述试剂盒还包括阳性对照品。 所述阳性对照品为含有稀有血型 S P位点基因 片段的质粒, 并且所述阳性对照品能够被序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1 ~16的多对特异性引物中的 一对特异性引物扩增。 本发明的第三方面, 提供了一种人稀有血型的快速筛选方法, 在本发明所述的多重 PCR 检测方法的基础上, 同时检测多份血液样本。 通过将多重 PCR法与 Pool检测方案相结合, 实现对稀有血型的高效筛选。 本发明稀有血型筛选方法将多重 PCR法与 Pool检测方案结合的设计原理为:多重 PCR法 可以将稀有血型抗原的特异性序列通过其特异性引物扩增出来, 通过观察凝胶成像是否出现 条带来判断是否含有某稀有血型 SNP位点; Pool检测方案可将一定数量的血液样本混合起来 检测, 如果混合样本的多重 PCR检测结果显示稀有血型抗原 S P位点检测为阳性, 则拆分该 Pool, 分别进行多重 PCR检测, 然后再对检测结果为阳性的 Pool继续拆分, 直到确定原始的 阳性样品为止; 最后对检出的含有稀有血型 S P位点的样本通过 PCR-SSP或测序、血清学检 测等方法进行验证。 较优的, 本发明的人稀有血型快速筛选方法的具体步骤为:
A. 待测样品的制备: 以多份血液样本构建一个 Pool , 分别提取构成该 Pool的各血液样 本的 DNA模板, 并将 DNA模板混合, 获得所述 Pool的待测样品;
B. 筛选出阳性 Pool : 采用本发明所述的多重 PCR检测方法步骤 2) 〜步骤 6) , 对步骤 A获得的所述 Pool的待测样品进行多重 PCR检测, 筛选出检测结果呈阳性的 Pool ;
C. 阳性 Pool的检测和拆分, 选自以下任一:
a. 检测结果呈阳性的 Pool中的血液样本数小于等于 5个, 则将该 Pool中的各血液 样本的 DNA模板分别作为待测样品,采用本发明所述的多重 PCR检测方法步骤 2)〜 步骤 6) 进行多重 PCR检测, 筛选出检测结果呈阳性的血液样本;
b. 检测结果呈阳性的 Pool中的血液样本数大于 5个,则将步骤 B筛选出的检测结果 呈阳性的 Pool的血液样本拆分, 构成两个新的 Pool , 分别将两个 Pool的各血液 样本的 DNA模板混合, 获得两个 Pool的待测样品, 并分别采用本发明所述的多重 PCR检测方法步骤 2)〜步骤 6)进行多重 PCR检测,筛选出检测结果呈阳性的 Pool ;
D. 重复步骤(。
较佳的, 本发明所述的多份血液样本是指血液样本数目为 2〜12份。 更佳的, 所述多份 血液样本是指血液样本数目为 5〜12份。 最佳的, 所述多份血液样本是指血液样本数目为 5 份。 该筛选方法将多个血液样本组成一个 Pool后一同检测, 若多重 PCR结果无阳性显示, 则组成该的 Pool的每一个血液样本均不是稀有血型; 若多重 PCR结果显示为阳性, 则组成该 的 Pool的样本中至少有一个血液样本含有稀有血型 S P位点。因此对检测结果呈阳性的 Pool 继续进行稀有血型检测: 当阳性 Pool的血液样本数量较多时 (大于 5个), 拆分该 Pool并分 别进行检测, 直至检测呈阳性的 Pool中血液样本数小于等于 5个时, 则将组成该 Pool的血液 样本的 DNA模板分别作为待测样品进行多重 PCR反应, 筛选出血型检测呈阳性的血液样本; 当阳性 Pool中血液样本数量较少时(小于等于 5个),可以将该 Pool中血液样本的 DNA模板 分别作为待测样品进行多重 PCR反应, 筛选出血型检测呈阳性的血液样本。 最后, 将呈阳性 的血液样本通过生物学方法、 血清学方法或者测序进行确认。 本发明第四方面提供了一种人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法、 采用该多重 PCR检测方 法进行检测的试剂盒以及基于该多重 PCR检测方法的快速筛选方法在人稀有血型检测及快速 筛选中的应用。 本发明的有益效果为: 稀有血型是由于血细胞表面抗原 S P位点的多态性导致的, 因此 现有技术的稀有血型检测, 由于使用的引物是针对高频抗原 (常见血型抗原) 的 S P位点设 计的, 因此现有技术都为阴性可检出 (非稀有血型样本通过 PCR扩增和凝胶成像实验, 在凝 胶的相应位置有条带出现; 而稀有血型则没有条带出现); 本发明通过引物的特殊设计, 针对 可扩增出含有低频抗原(稀有血型抗原) SNP位点的等位基因或含有高频抗原缺失表型 SNP位 点的等位基因设计引物, 使稀有血型的检测为阳性可检出, 从而可以将多重 PCR法与 Pool检 测方案结合在一起: 一方面多重 PCR可以通过多对针对不同稀有血型 S P位点的引物, 在同 一 PCR反应中同时对多个目的抗原基因进行分型,在单次反应中获得了更多的信息,并且 PCR 法重复性好、 灵敏度高、 特异性强, 可以形成商业化的检测试剂, 更加经济高效; 另一方面, 通过将多份血样混合组成 Pool检测池的检测方案, 克服现有检测方法一次只检测一份血样效 率低、 耗时长的缺陷, 可一次性检测多个血液样本, 提高检测效率。 而且, 本发明通过设计 错配引物以及不同引物对组合的优化, 克服了血液样本中待检测片段过多, 对多重 PCR造成 干扰的问题, 可以对稀有血型进行灵敏度高、 特异性强的筛选。 因此, 本发明的检测方法将 多重 PCR法与 Pool检测方案的优点结合在一起, 起到相乘的效果, 极大的提高了稀有血型的 检测效率、 提高了检测的灵敏度和特异性, 缩短了检测所要耗费的时间, 降低了检测成本, 极具现实意义。 附图说明
图 1 : Yt-K-Kpc体系扩增产物的凝胶成像结果 图 2: Dia-OK-Cob体系扩增产物的凝胶成像结果 图 3: Fyb-S体系扩增产物的凝胶成像结果
图 4: Yt质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果 图 5: K质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果 图 6: Kpc质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果 图 7: Dia质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果 图 8: 0K质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果 图 9: Cob质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果 图 10: Fyb质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果 图 11 : S质粒稀释度实验凝胶成像结果
具体实施方式
以下为本发明的具体实施方式, 这些实施方式仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制明本发明 的范围。
实施例 1 引物的构建
引物设计原理: 设计 PCR-SSP引物 3'端碱基为稀有血型抗原等位基因特异性位点(文献 中扩增位点为正常抗原等位基因特异性位点), 特异性引物引入少量错配。 一、 引物设计参照的序列如下: Yt- K- Kpc体系:
Homo sapiens acetylchol inesterase (ACHE) , RefSeqGene on chromosome 7 ( NCBI Reference Sequence : NG—007474. 1 )
Homo sapiens Kell blood group, metallo-endopeptidase (KEL), RefSeqGene on chromosome 7 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_007492.1 ) Dia-OK-Cob体系:
Homo sapiens solute carrier family 4, anion exchanger, member 1 (erythrocyte membrane protein band 3, Diego blood group) (SLC4A1), RefSeqGene on chromosome 17 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_007498.1)
Homo sapiens basigin (Ok blood group) (BSG), RefSeqGene on chromosome 19 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NG—007468.1)
Homo sapiens aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group) (AQPl), RefSeqGene on chromosome 7 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_007475.1)
Fyb-S体系:
Homo sapiens Duffy blood group, chemokine receptor (DARC) , RefSeqGene on chromosome 1. (NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_011626.1)
Homo sapiens glycophorin B (MNS blood group) (GYPB), RefSeqGene on chromosome 4. (NCBI Reference Sequence: NG_007483.2) 引物通过常规方法合成。 二、 Yt-K-Kpc多重 PCR反应体系具体如下:
(1) PCR引物序列
引物名称 ~~ ~\ 扩增产物大 SNP位点 ~
小 (bp)
Yt-sm4 TCATCAACGCGGGAGACTT^A (SEQ ID N0:1) 636 V?
Yt-as CACGGGGCACACGACATT (SEQ ID NO: 2)
K-sm5 CTTCCTTAAACTTTAACCG§AT (SEQ ID NO: 3) 204 K
K-as CCCAACCTGCAACCTTCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 4)
Kpc-sm2 TGTCAATCTCCATCACTTCA (SEQ ID N0:5) 462 Kp
Kpc-as TCCTCCACCAGTTGTGACAT (SEQ ID N0:6)
Bactin-s TTCCCTCCTCAGATCATTGCT (SEQ ID NO: 17) 320 Beta-actin
Bactin-as TCACCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 18) (内参)
(2) 体系组成: 本发明多重 PCR体系使用 TaKaRa Taq™ Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Supplied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg2+ plus) and dNTP Mixture), 体系总体积为 25μL, 体系组成具体如 名称 体积 (μί)
DNA模板 4
Buffer 2.5
dNTP 2
Yt-sm4 1.75
Yt-as 1.75
K-sm5 1
K~as 1
Kpc-sm2 1
Kpc-as 1
Bactin-s 0.2
Bactin-as 0.2
Taq-HS 0.125
H20 8.475
(3) PCR扩增程序:
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 1 94 5min 1 第二阶段 1 94 30s
2 61 30s 5
3 72 45s
第三阶段 1 94 30s
2 58 30s 30
3 72 45s
第四阶段 1 72 7min 1
三、 Dia-OK-Cob多重 PCR反应体系具体如下:
(1) PCR引物序列
引物名称
Figure imgf000014_0001
扩增产物大 SNP位点 小 (bp)
dia_sm4h GTGGGTGGTGAAGTCCA^TCT (SEQ ID NO: 7) 645 Df dia-as AGAGGGTCTGGCTGTCTTGAA (SEQ ID NO: 8)
OK-sm8h TACTCCTGCGTCTTCCTC CA (SEQ ID NO: 9) OK 274A
OK - as CTCCCCCTCGTTGATGTGTTC (SEQ ID NO: 10)
Co-smh GGTGGGGAACAACCAGA因 GI (SEQ ID NO: 11) 395 Co"
Co-ash CCTCCAGCAACCTCTTGTCCTCTC (SEQ ID NO: 12)
Beta-actinF CGGCATCGTCACCAACTG (SEQ ID NO: 19) 508 Beta-actin (
Beta-actinR TGCAAAGAACACGGCTAAG (SEQ ID NO :20) 内参)
(2) 体系组成: 本发明多重 PCR体系使用 TaKaRa Taq™ Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Supplied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg2+ plus) and dNTP Mixture), 体系总体积为 25μL, 体系组成具体如 下:
名称 体积 (μί)
DNA模板 4
Buffer 2.5
dNTP 2
dia_sm4h 1.75
dia-as 1.75
OK-sm8h 1
OK - as 1
Co-smh 1
Co-ash 1
Beta-actinF 0.2
Beta-actinR 0.2
Taq-HS 0.125
H20 8.475
(3) PCR扩增程序:
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c) 保温时间 循环次数
第一阶段 1 94 5min 1 第二阶段 1 94 30s
2 60 30s 35
3 72 45s
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
四、 Fyb-S多重 PCR反应体系具体如下: (1) PCR引物序列
引物名称
Figure imgf000015_0001
扩增产物 SNP位点
Figure imgf000015_0002
FYBAS AACAAGACAAAGATGGCAAGA (SEQ ID NO: 14)
S-s TGATAGCCGCATGACCCTTCT (SEQ ID NO: 15) 442 S
S- asm ACGATGGACAAGTTGTCC§A (SEQ ID NO: 16)
Bactin- S2 CTCTGCCTGACATGAGGGTTA (SEQ ID NO: 21) 675 Beta-actin (
Bactin- AS TCACCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTT (SEQ ID NO: 22) 内参)
(2) 体系组成: 本发明多重 PCR体系使用 TaKaRa Taq™ Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Suppl ied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg2+ plus) and dNTP Mixture), 体系总体积为 25μL, 体系组成具体如 下:
名称 体积 ( μί)
DNA模板 4
Buffer 2.5
dNTP 2
FYB-s 0.75
FYB-as 0.75
S-asm 1
S-s 1
Bactin~S2 0.2
Bactin-as 0.2
Taq-HS 0.125
H20 12.475
( 3 ) PCR扩增程序:
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数
第一阶段 1 94 5min 1 第二阶段 1 94 30s
2 58 30s 35
3 72 45s
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
实施例 2 阳性对照品的构建 方法一: 获取待构建稀有血型样本 DNA, 设计引物扩增出含有待检测 S P位点的片段, 连接 至 pGM-T载体, 转化 DH5a感受态细胞, 挑取单克隆后测序验证, 构建 Ytb、 K、 Dia和 Cob 阳性对照品。
1、 设计引物:
血型 引物名称 序列
Ytb Ytb-F TCCTCCTTGGACGTGTACGAT ( SEQ ID NO :23 )
Ytb-R CTCCTCTGCCGTGTAGTTTCG ( SEQ ID NO :24)
K K-F TTATGCCAGAATCAGGTTAGA ( SEQ ID NO:25 )
K-R GAGAGAAGGAATGTACGGGAG ( SEQ ID NO:26)
Dia Dia-F CAAGCCACCCAAGTATCACCC ( SEQ ID NO:27)
Dia-R CATCCCGACCTTCCTCCTCAT ( SEQ ID NO:28 )
Cob Cob-F AAAGCCTATTAGAGCAACGG ( SEQ ID NO:29)
Cob-R CCTAGAGGTGGTTTATTTGGA ( SEQ ID NO:30)
Fyb Fyb-F AGAGTCCCTTATCCCTATGCC ( SEQ ID NO:31 )
Fyb-R ACCTCACCAGGAAATCCAGTC ( SEQ ID NO:32) GCACAGGTGGAACAGTAAGG ( SEQ ID NO:33 )
GGTTGTCAAGATGGTCCCTAA ( SEQ ID NO:34)
2、 扩增体系:
( 1 ) Ytb、 K、 Dia、 Cob: 名称 体积 (μί)
DNA模板 2.5
Buffer 5
dNTP 4
上游引物 1.75
下游引物 1.75
Taq-HS 0.25*
H20 34.75
* TaKaRa Taq™ Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Suppl ied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg: plus) and dNTP Mixture)
( 2 ) Fyb、 S: 名称 体积 (μί)
DNA模板 2.5
Buffer 5
dNTP 4
上游引物 2
下游引物 2
Taq-HS 0.25*
H20 34.25
* TaKaRa Taq™ Hot Start Version, Cat. # R007A/B (Suppl ied with 10 X PCR Buffer (Mg: plus) and dNTP Mixture)
3. PCR扩增程序:
( 1 ) Ytb扩增程序
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数
第一阶段 1 94 5min 1
1 94 lmin
第二阶段 2 60 lmin 38
3 72 1. 5min
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
(2) K扩增程序 阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 1 94 5min 1
1 94 lmin
第二阶段 2 55 lmin 38
3 72 1. 5min
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
L扩增程序
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数
第一阶段 1 94 5min 1
1 94 40s
第二阶段 2 60 40s 38
3 72 lmin
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
(4) Cob扩增程序
阶段 步骤 温度 ( C 保温时间 循环次数
第一阶段 1 94 5min 1
1 94 lmin
第二阶段 2 57 lmin 38
3 72 1. 5min
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
)扩增程序 阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数
第一阶段 1 94 5min 1
1 94 lmin
第二阶段 2 57 lmin 35
3 72 lmin30s
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
(6) S扩增程序 阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数
第一阶段 1 94 5min 1
1 94 lmin
第二阶段 2 58 lmin 35
3 72 lmin30s
第三阶段 1 72 7min 1
4、 扩增产物割胶纯化后, 连接至 pGM-T载体 (购自天根生化), 转化 DH5(x感受态细胞, 挑 取阳性单克隆, 测序验证。 方法二: 采用定点突变方法, 构建 Kpc、 Ok阳性对照质粒。 1、 Kpc对照质粒的构建:
1 )根据 Gene bank数据库中 KEL (编码 Kell血型系统 kpe抗原, Gene bank序列号 NG007492) 基因序列, 设计引物扩增含待突变 S P位点的基因片段。
引物序列如下:
Kpb-F GGTAAGATGGC AC ATGGAC AAAGGC ( SEQ ID NO: 35 )
Kpb-R CTGCGGCGAACCTCTGCTTTAG (SEQIDNO:36) 扩增体系如下:
lOxPCR Buffer (含 MgCl2) 5.0μ1
5mM dNTPs 2.0μ1
ΙΟμΜ Kpb-F 2.0μ1
ΙΟμΜ Kpb-R 2.0μ1
DNA 5.0μ1
Taq 0.25μ1
H20 33.75μ1 扩增程序如下:
阶段 步骤 温度 rc) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 95 2min 1
94 30s
第二阶段 58 30s 35
72 30s
第三阶段 72 lOmin 1
2) 扩增产物割胶回收后后与 pGEM-T easy载体 4°C连接过夜。
3) 将连接产物转化大肠杆菌 DH5a感受态细胞, 涂布含有氨苄的 LB固体培养板, 37°C培养 过夜,之后挑取阳性克隆于含有氨苄的 LB液体培养基中 250r/min, 37°C培养过夜,抽提质粒, 使用 T7通用测序引物对插入片段进行测序分析。
4)设计突变引物及另一条侧引物(两条引物的 5' 端相邻), 以含待突变基因正常序列的重组 质粒作为模板进行全长质粒的扩增, 引入突变位点。
引物序列如下:
KPCMF 突变引物 TCACAGCTGTTCCAGTTTCT (SEQIDNO:37)
KPC MR 侧弓 I物 AGTGATGGAGATTGACAAGG (SEQIDNO:38)
扩增体系如下:
lOxPCRb ffer 5.0μ1
25mM MgS04 2.0μ1
2mM dNTPs 5.0μ1 ΙΟμΜ OK-Mu
ΙΟμΜ PGEMT-R
重组质粒模板
KOD-Pl s高保真 DNA聚合酶
去离子水补至 扩增程序如下:
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 1 94 2min 1
1 94 30s
第二阶段 2 60 30s 35
3 68 4min
第三阶段 1 72 8min 1
5 ) 获得含有突变 S P位点的血型抗原基因检测对照品。
PCR产物割胶回收后进行 5'端磷酸化。
20μ1磷酸化体系:
10 X reaction b μί¾Γ Α 2μ1
lO mM ATP 2μ1
T4 Polyn cletide Kinase 1 μΐ
PCR回收产物 2μ1
ddH20 13μ1 磷酸化后进行自连, ΙΟμΙ连接产物如下:
磷酸化产物 2μ1
2xRapid Ligation ΒμίΓεΓ 5μ1
T4 DNALigase Ιμΐ
ddH20 2μ1
4°C连接过夜。 将连接产物转化 DH5(x感受态细胞, 37°C过夜培养后提取质粒, 使用 T7 测序引物对突变结果进行测序分析。
2、 Ok对照质粒的构建:
1 )根据 Gene bank数据库中 BSG (编码 OK血型系统 Oka抗原, Gene bank序列号 NG007468 ) 基因序列, 设计引物扩增含待突变 S P位点的基因片段。
引物序列如下:
OKa-F GACTGGGAC AGTTTTGCTTTTTC AC ( SEQ ID NO: 39 )
OKa-R GTCTCCCCCTCGTTGATGTGTTCTG ( SEQ ID NO:40)
扩增体系如下:
lOxPCR Buffer 5.0μ1
MgCl2 2.5μ1 5mM dNTPs 2.0μ1
ΙΟμΜ ΟΚα-F 2.0μ1
ΙΟμΜ ΟΚα-R 2.0μ1
DNA 5.0μ1
Taq 0.4μ1
H20 50μ1 扩增程序如下:
阶段 步骤 温度 (°C ) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 95 lOmin 1
94 40s
第二阶段 61 40s 35
72 lmin
第三阶段 72 5min 1
2) 扩增产物割胶回收后后与 pGEM-T easy载体 4°C连接过夜。
3 ) 将连接产物转化大肠杆菌 DH5 a感受态细胞, 涂布含有氨苄的 LB固体培养板, 37°C培养 过夜,之后挑取阳性克隆于含有氨苄的 LB液体培养基中 250r/min, 37°C培养过夜,抽提质粒, 使用 T7通用测序引物对插入片段进行测序分析。
4)设计突变引物及另一条侧引物(两条引物的 5 ' 端相邻), 以含待突变基因正常序列的重组 质粒作为模板进行全长质粒的扩增, 引入突变位点。
引物序列如下:
OKa-Mu 突变引物 CATGGGCTTGGGGAGGAAGAC ( SEQ ID NO:41 )
PGEMT-R 侧引物 GGCACGGCCAACATCCAGCTC ( SEQ ID NO:42 )
扩增体系:
lOxPCR b ffer 5.0μ1
25mM MgS04 2.0μ1
2mM dNTPs 5.0μ1
ΙΟμΜ OK-Mu 2μ1
10μΜ PGEMT-R 2μ1
重组质粒模板 5.0μ1
KOD-Pl s高保真 DNA聚合酶
Figure imgf000021_0001
去离子水补至 50μ1。 扩增程序如下:
阶段 步骤 温度 (°c ) 保温时间 循环次数 第一阶段 1 94 lOmin 1
1 94 30s
第二阶段 2 60 30s 35
3 68 4min 第三阶段 1 72 5min 1
5 ) 获得含有突变 S P位点的血型抗原基因检测对照品。
PCR产物割胶回收后进行 5 '端磷酸化。
20μ1磷酸化体系:
lOxreaction buffer A 2μ1
lO mM ATP 2μ1
T4 Ροΐγημοΐεΐίάε Kinase Ι μΐ
PCR回收产物 2μ1
ddH20 13μ1 磷酸化后进行自连, ΙΟμΙ连接产物如下:
磷酸化产物 2μ1
2xRapid Ligation ΒμίΓεΓ 5μ1
T4 DNA Ligase Ι μΐ
ddH20 2μ1
4°C连接过夜。 将连接产物转化 DH5(x感受态细胞, 37°C过夜培养后提取质粒, 使用 T7 测序引物对突变结果进行测序分析。
实施例 3 稀有血型的筛选 以下实验中非稀有血型血样、 稀有血型血样、 对照质粒均经测序验证。 一、 不含稀有血型特异性 S P位点血样 pool的检测 随机采取 12份血液样本, 分别抽提基因组 DNA, 测序验证不含稀有血型特异性 SNP位 点。 利用本发明的稀有血型筛选方法进行稀有血型的检测: 将获得的 DNA模板进行混合, 组 成一个包含 12份血液样本的待测样品;将待测样品分别加入到实施例 1所述的对应的多重 PCR 反应体系中, 获得 Yt-K-Kpc体系、 Dia-OK-Cob体系及 Fyb-S体系的 PCR反应液, 并同时制备 阳性对照品的 PCR反应液; 将上一步得到的 PCR反应液分别按照对应的 PCR扩增程序进行扩 增反应; 获得的扩增产物于琼脂糖凝胶中电泳, 通过凝胶成像仪观察结果。 凝胶成像仪结果显示, 有内参条带出现, 但在与阳性对照品扩增片段大小相对应的位置 无条带出现, 因此稀有血型筛选方法的检测结果为该 12份血液样本中不存在稀有血型血样, 该检测结果与 DNA测序结果一致。 二、 含有稀有血型特异性 S P位点血液样本的 pool的检测
1. Yt-K-Kpc体系 选取 4份不含稀有血型特异性 S P位点的血液样本, 分别提取 DNA模板, 并混合, 混 合后分别与一份不含稀有血型特异性 S P位点血样基因组 DNA、 Yt(b+)血样基因组 DNA、 K 血样基因组 DNA、 Kpc对照质粒组成四个包含 5份 DNA样品的 Pool , 按实施例 1 所述的 Yt-K-Kpc体系及对应反应条件扩增, 扩增产物凝胶电泳后凝胶成像仪检测。 电泳结果见说明书附图图 1。 Lane 1: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp; Lane2、 3、 4: 3.2μ1 的 4份不含稀有血型特异性 SNP位点血样基因组 DNA (浓度 50-100 ng/μΐ)混合液 + 0.8μ1稀有血型基因组 DNA (浓度 50-100 ng/μΐ)或对照质粒 (浓度 0.01 ng/μΐ); Lanes 5: 4μ1 的 5份不含稀有血型特异性 S P位点血样基因组 DNA (浓度 50-100 ng/μΐ 凝胶成像仪结果显示, line2、 3、 4在与相应的稀有血型扩增片段大小相对应的位置有条 带出现, 则组成 2、 3、 4组的 Pool的检测结果呈阳性; 由于 2、 4、 5组的 Pool的 DNA样品 数等于 5个, 将 2、 3、 4组的 Pool中的各血样样品的 DNA分别作为模板进行多重 PCR反应, 得到的多重 PCR法稀有血型的检测结果与 DNA测序结果一致。
2. Dia-0K-Cob体系 选取 4份不含稀有血型特异性 S P位点血样基因组 DNA混合, 混合后分别与两份不含 稀有血型特异性 S P位点血样基因组 DNA、 Di(a+b+)血样基因组 DNA、 OK对照质粒、 Co(b+) 血样基因组 DNA组成五个包含 5份 DNA样品的 Pool , 按实施例 1所述的 Dia_0K-Cob体系及 对应反应条件扩增, 扩增产物凝胶电泳后凝胶成像仪检测。 电泳结果见说明书附图图 2。 Lanes 1、 5: 4μ1 的 5份不含稀有血型特异性 SNP位点血样 基因组 DNA (浓度 50-100 ng/μΐ); Lanes 2、 3、 4: 3.2μ1 的 4份不含稀有血型特异性 SNP 位点血样基因组 DNA (浓度 50-100 ng/μΐ)混合液 + 0.8μ1稀有血型基因组 DNA (浓度 50-100 ng/μΐ) 或对照质粒 (浓度 0.01 ng/μΐ); Lane 6: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。 凝胶成像仪结果显示, line2、 3、 4在与相应的稀有血型扩增片段大小相对应的位置有条 带出现, 则组成 2、 3、 4组的 Pool的检测结果呈阳性; 由于 2、 3、 4组的 Pool的 DNA样品 数等于 5个, 将 2、 3、 4组的 Pool中的各血样样品的 DNA分别作为模板进行多重 PCR反应, 得到的多重 PCR法稀有血型的检测结果与 DNA测序结果一致。 3. Fyb-S体系
A. 选取 4份不含稀有血型特异性 S P位点血样基因组 DNA混合, 混合后分别与不含稀 有血型特异性 S P位点血样基因组 DNA、 Fy(a+b+)血样基因组 DNA、 S+s-血样基因组 DNA 组成三个包含 5份 DNA样品的 Pool ;
B. 选取 3份不含稀有血型特异性 S P位点血样基因组 DNA混合, 混合后加入 Fy(a+b+) 血样基因组 DNA以及 S+s-血样基因组 DNA, 组成一个包含 5份 DNA样品的 Pool ; 按实施例 1所述的 Fyb-S体系及反应条件进行 PCR扩增, 扩增产物凝胶电泳后凝胶成像 仪检测。
电泳结果见附图图 3。 凝胶成像仪结果显示, line2、 3在与相应的稀有血型扩增片段大小 相对应的位置有条带出现, 则组成 2、 3组的 Pool的检测结果呈阳性; line4在 Fyb和 S对应 的位置都有条带出现, 则 4组的 Pool的包含 Fyb和 S两种稀有血型的检测结果都呈阳性; 将 2、 3、 4组的 Pool中的各血样样品的 DNA分别作为模板进行多重 PCR反应, 得到的多重 PCR 法稀有血型的检测结果与 DNA测序结果一致。
实施例 4稀有血型的试剂盒筛选 以下实验中非稀有血型血样、 稀有血型血样、 对照质粒均经测序验证。
1.实验材料 取 11份不含稀有血型特异性 SNP位点的血液样本, 分别提取 DNA模板, 将提取的 11 份血样样本的 DNA模板混合; 取一份 Fy(b+)血样基因组 DNA加入到上述模板 DNA混合液 中, 制备一个含有 12份 DNA样品的 Pool。
2.实验方法 取三份该 Pool的待测样品,分别参照实施例 1的 Yt-K-Kpc体系、 Dia-OK-Cob体系和 Fyb-S 体系, 通过试剂盒中的 PCR引物及其他试剂, 分别制备三个体系的 PCR反应液, 及阳性对照 品的 PCR反应液。 按照实施例 1的 Yt-K-Kpc体系、 Dia-OK-Cob体系和 Fyb-S体系的扩增程 序分别进行扩增反应, 扩增产物于琼脂糖凝胶中电泳, 通过凝胶成像仪观察结果。 电泳结果 显示: Yt-K-Kpc体系及 Dia-OK-Cob体系的扩增结果均无条带出现, 说明用于检测的 Pool中 的各血液样本不属于 Yt(b+;)、 K、 Kp(c+) Di(a+) Ok(a-)或 Co(b+)中的任一种; Fyb-S体系的 扩增结果有条带出现, 并且是在 Fy(b+)血型对应的位置上有条带出现, 证明该 12份血液样本 的 Pool中可能存在 Fy(b+)血型。 由于该 Pool中血液样本数为 12份 (大于 5份), 因此将该 Pool拆分成两个各含有 6份 血液样本的新的 Pool, 分别按照 Fyb-S体系的条件进行多重 PCR检测, 筛选出检测结果呈阳 性的 Pool。检测结果呈阳性的 Pool继续拆分, 直至检测结果呈阳性的 Pool中的血液样本数为 3个, 对三份 DNA样品分别进行多重 PCR检测, 最终检测到结果呈阳性的血液样本。 对 PCR结果呈阳性的血液样本进行 DNA测序, 结果显示测序结果与人稀有血型的多重 PCR筛选方法结果一致。
实施例 5 稀有血型的筛选灵敏度实验
1.实验方法:抽提各对照质粒,紫外分光光度计定量,按照 1 ng/ l、 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ ……进行倍比稀释, 与多份相同体积的非稀有血型基因组 DNA混匀后使用本发 明所述的人稀有血型快速筛选方法进行多重 PCR检测。
2.实验步骤:
( 1 ) 分别提取六种不同的阳性对照质粒, 紫外分光光度计定量后按比例进行稀释, 得到 不同浓度的阳性对照质粒。
( 2) 随机选择非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA 4份 (编号 1-4) 等体积混合获得混合 DNA, 混 合 DNA的浓度为 50-100 ng/μΐ; 取六份该混合 DNA, 每份混合 DNA的体积为 3.2μ1, 向该六 份该混合 DNA中分别加入稀释后的六种不同的阳性对照质粒各 0.8 μ1, 组成总体积为 4μ1 , 血液样本数目为 5的六个 Pool。
( 3)含有各对照质粒的 pool分别按照 Yt-K-Kpc体系、 Dia-OK-Cob体系或 Fyb-S体系及 对应反应条件扩增, 扩增产物凝胶电泳后凝胶成像仪检测。
3.实验结果:
( 1 ) Yt质粒 如图 4所示: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 Yt质粒, 质粒 浓度分别为 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΚ 0.00001 ng/μΐ; Lane 7: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
( 2 ) K质粒 如图 5所示: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 Κ质粒, 质粒浓 度分别为 lng/μ 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΚ 0.00001 ng/μΐ; Lane 6: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
( 3 ) Kpc质粒: 如图 6所示: Lanes 1-7: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 Kpc质粒, 质粒 浓度分别为 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΚ 0.00001 ng/μΚ 0.000001 ng/μΐ; Lane 8: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
( 4) Dia质粒 如图 7所示: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 Dia质粒, 质 粒浓度分别为 lng/μ 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΚ 0.00001 ng/μΐ; Lane 7: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
( 5 ) Ok质粒 如图 8所示: Lanes 1-5: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 OK质粒, 质粒 浓度分别为 lng/μ 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΐ; Lane 6: Marker, 各片 段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
( 6) Cob质粒 如图 9所示: Lanes 1-5: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 Cob质粒, 质 粒浓度分别为 lng/μ 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΐ; Lane 6: Marker, 各 片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
( 7) Fyb质粒 如图 10所示: Lanes 1-7: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 Fyb质粒, 质粒浓度分别为 lng/ l、 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΚ 0.00001 ng/μΚ 0.000001 ng/μΐ; Lane 8: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
( 8 ) S质粒 如图 11所示: Lanes 1-6: 3. 2μ1混合非稀有血型血样基因组 DNA+0. 8μ1 S质粒, 质 粒浓度分别为 lng/μ 0.1 ng/μΚ 0.01 ng/μΚ 0.001 ng/μΚ 0.0001 ng/μΚ 0.00001 ng/μΐ; Lane 7: Marker, 各片段分别为 100、 200、 300、 400、 500、 600 bp。
由上述实验结果可见: 本发明稀有血型的 pool 检测法具有较高的灵敏度, 质粒浓度低至 0.0001 ng/μΐ甚至 0.000001 ng/μΐ仍可检出。

Claims

1. 一种人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法, 以自血液样本提取的 DNA模板作为待 测样品, 采用多对特异性引物进行多重 PCR扩增, 电泳法检测扩增结果; 所 述特异性引物是针对血细胞表面抗原基因上的稀有血型抗原 SNP位点的特异 性引物; 所述多重 PCR检测方法的电泳结果为阳性可检出。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的检测方法, 其特征在于, 所述多对特异性引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 卜 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7~12或 SEQ ID NO: 13~16。
3. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的多重 PCR检测方法, 具体步骤包括:
1) 待测样品的制备: 采集血液样本, 提取 DNA模板作为待测样品;
2) 制备多重 PCR反应体系: 所述多重 PCR反应体系包括多对特异性引物、 PCR缓冲溶液、 dNTP、 Taq酶以及 dd 0, 所述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 卜 6、 SEQ ID NO: 7~12或 SEQ ID NO: 13-16;
3) 将步骤 1)制备的待测样品加入到步骤 2)制备的多重 PCR反应体系中, 得到 PCR反应液;
4) 对步骤 3) 的 PCR反应液按多重 PCR扩增程序进行扩增反应;
5) 将步骤 4) 扩增反应获得的扩增产物于琼脂糖凝胶中电泳, 观察电泳结 果;
6) 检测结果的判断: 电泳结果显示有条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阳 性; 电泳结果显示无条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阴性。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的多重 PCR检测方法, 其特征在于, 步骤 2) 所述的多重 PCR反应体系中, 引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1 ~6的多重 PCR反应体系为 Yt-K-Kpc体系, 针对 Yt(b+)、 K和 Kp(c+)三种稀有血型的检测; 引物序列 为 SEQ ID N〇:7~12的多重 PCR反应体系为 Dia-OK-Cob体系,针对 Di (a+)、 Ok (a_)和 Co (b+)三种稀有血型的检测; 引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 13~16的 多重 PCR反应体系为 Fyb-S体系, 针对 Fy (b+)和 S两种稀有血型的检测。
5. 如权利要求 3所述的多重 PCR检测方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 3) 为: 将 步骤 1) 制备的待测样品以及构建的阳性对照品分别加入到步骤 2) 制备的 多重 PCR反应体系中, 得到 PCR反应液; 所述步骤 6) 检测结果的判断为: 电泳结果显示在与阳性对照品扩增的条带对应的位置有条带出现则稀有血 型的检测结果为阳性; 在与阳性对照品扩增的条带对应的位置无条带出现则 稀有血型的检测结果为阴性。
如权利要求 5所述的多重 PCR检测方法, 其特征在于, 所述阳性对照品为含 有稀有血型 SNP位点基因片段的质粒, 并且所述阳性对照品能够被序列为
SEQ ID NO: 1~16的多对特异性引物中的一对特异性引物扩增。
如权利要求 3所述的多重 PCR检测方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 2) 的多重 PCR反应体系还包括内参引物; 所述步骤 6) 检测结果的判断为: 电泳结果 显示有稀有血型条带和内参条带两个条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阳 性; 电泳结果显示仅有内参条带出现则稀有血型的检测结果为阴性; 电泳结 果显示无条带出现则检测失败。
如权利要求 7所述的多重 PCR检测方法, 其特征在于, 所述特异性引物序列 为 SEQ ID NO: 1 ~6的多重 PCR反应体系,其内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 17〜18; 所述特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 7~12的多重 PCR反应体系, 其内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 19〜20; 所述特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 13~16的多重 PCR反应体系, 其内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 21〜 22。
如权利要求 3所述的多重 PCR检测方法, 其特征在于, 所述特异性引物序列 为 SEQ ID NO: 1~6的多重 PCR反应体系的多重 PCR扩增程序为: 94°C预 变性 5min,94°C 30s、61°C 30s、72°C 45s共 5个循环, 94 °C 30s、58°C 30s、 72 °C 45s 共30个循环;72 延伸7111 ;所述特异性引物序列为3巳0101\1〇: 7~12的多重 PCR反应体系的多重 PCR扩增程序为: 94°C预变性 5min, 94 °C 30s、 60 °C 30s、 72 °C 45s 共 35个循环; 72°C延伸 7min; 所述特异性引物 序列为 SEQ ID NO: 13~16的多重 PCR反应体系的多重 PCR扩增程序为: 94°C预变性 5min; 94 °C 30s、 58 °C 30s、 72 °C 45s共 35个循环; 72°C延伸 7min。
一种人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测试剂盒, 该试剂盒包含多对特异性引物, 所 述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1~6禾口 /或 SEQ ID NO: 7~12和/或 SEQ ID NO: 13~16。
11. 如权利要求 10所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述试剂盒还包括 PCR缓冲溶 液、 dNTP、 Taq酶及 dd 0中的一种或多种。
12. 如权利要求 10所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述试剂盒还包括内参引物, 所述多对特异性引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1 ~6, 其对应的内参引物的序列 为 SEQ ID NO: 17〜18; 所述多对特异性引物序列为 SEQ ID NO: 7-12, 其对应的内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 19〜20; 所述多对特异性引物序 列为 SEQ ID NO: 13-1 6, 其对应的内参引物的序列为 SEQ ID NO: 21〜 22。
13. 如权利要求 10所述的试剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述试剂盒还包括阳性对照品。
14. 如权利要求 13所述的剂盒, 其特征在于, 所述阳性对照品为含有稀有血型 SNP位点基因片段的质粒, 并且所述阳性对照品能够被序列为 SEQ ID NO: 1 ~1 6的多对特异性引物中的一对特异性引物扩增。
15. 一种人稀有血型的多重 PCR快速筛选方法, 在权利要求 1-9任一权利要求所 述的多重 PCR检测方法的基础上, 同时检测多份血液样本。
16. 如权利要求 15所述的人稀有血型的多重 PCR快速筛选方法, 其步骤如下:
1. 待测样品的制备: 以多份血液样本构建一个 Pool ,分别提取构成该 Pool 的各血液样本的 DNA模板, 并将 DNA模板混合, 获得所述 Pool的待测 样品;
2. 筛选出阳性 Pool :采用 1-7任一权利要求所述的多重 PCR检测方法步骤
2) 〜步骤 6) , 对步骤 A获得的所述 Pool的待测样品进行多重 PCR检 测, 筛选出检测结果呈阳性的 Pool ;
3. 阳性 Pool的检测和拆分, 选自以下任一:
a) 检测结果呈阳性的 Pool中的血液样本数小于等于 5个,则将该 Pool 中的各血液样本的 DNA模板分别作为待测样品, 采用 1-7任一权利 要求所述的多重 PCR检测方法步骤 2)〜步骤 6)进行多重 PCR检测, 筛选出检测结果呈阳性的血液样本;
b) 检测结果呈阳性的 Pool中的血液样本数大于 5个, 则将步骤 B筛选 出的检测结果呈阳性的 Pool的血液样本拆分, 构成两个新的 Pool , 分别将两个 Pool的各血液样本的 DNA模板混合, 获得两个 Pool的 待测样品, 并分别采用 1-7任一权利要求所述的多重 PCR检测方法 步骤 2 )〜步骤 6 )进行多重 PCR检测,筛选出检测结果呈阳性的 Pool ; D. 重复步骤(:。
17. 如权利要求 15或 16所述的人稀有血型的多重 PCR快速筛选方法, 其特征在 于, 所述多份血液样本是指血液样本数目为 5〜12份。
18. 如权利要求 1-9任一权利要求所述的人稀有血型的多重 PCR检测方法、权利 要求 10-14所述的试剂盒以及权利要求 15-17所述的多重 PCR快速筛选方法 在人稀有血型检测及快速筛选中的应用。
PCT/CN2012/070522 2012-01-18 2012-01-18 人稀有血型的多重pcr检测方法和试剂盒 WO2013107005A1 (zh)

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