WO2013105395A1 - 低合金鋼 - Google Patents
低合金鋼 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013105395A1 WO2013105395A1 PCT/JP2012/082606 JP2012082606W WO2013105395A1 WO 2013105395 A1 WO2013105395 A1 WO 2013105395A1 JP 2012082606 W JP2012082606 W JP 2012082606W WO 2013105395 A1 WO2013105395 A1 WO 2013105395A1
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013001 point bending Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
- C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/01—Risers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a low alloy steel.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a steel that is substantially free of Ni, Cu, and Ca, and that has excellent HIC resistance by specifying the thermal history and heat treatment conditions during production.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a steel having HIC resistance and SSC resistance by making Cr, Ni and Cu essential additions.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a steel having improved HIC resistance and SSC resistance by defining the amounts of C, Ti, N, V and O within specific ranges.
- Patent Document 4 by reducing the amount of C and Mn and adding 0.5% or more of Mo, the hardening of the heat affected zone is suppressed, and the base material and A high-strength steel has also been proposed in which HAZ has both HIC resistance and SSC resistance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a low alloy steel excellent in the resistance to hydrogen embrittlement of HAZ in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment or the like without requiring much cost.
- HZ Heat Affected Zone
- HAZ is highly susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. That is, when steel is exposed to a corrosive environment containing hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen penetrates into the steel due to the corrosion reaction. This hydrogen is so-called diffusible hydrogen that can move freely in the crystal lattice of steel. This hydrogen accumulates in dislocations and vacancies, which are one type of defects in the crystal lattice, and embrittles the steel. HAZ is a hardened structure that is heated to a high temperature due to the heat history of welding and is rapidly cooled. Therefore, compared to a tempered base material, the density of dislocations and vacancies that trap hydrogen is high. Exists. As a result, HAZ is considered to be more susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement than the base material.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge and has the following (1) to (5).
- a low alloy steel having excellent resistance to embrittlement caused by hydrogen such as stress corrosion cracking in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment can be obtained in HAZ.
- This low alloy steel is most suitable as a material for steel pipes for transporting crude oil or natural gas.
- % for the content means “% by mass”.
- C 0.01 to 0.15%
- C is an element effective in increasing the hardenability of steel and increasing the strength. In order to acquire the effect, it is necessary to make it contain 0.01% or more. However, if its content exceeds 0.15%, the as-quenched hardness increases too much and the HAZ is cured, thereby increasing the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of the HAZ. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.01 to 0.15%.
- the lower limit of the C content is preferably 0.02%, and more preferably 0.03%.
- the C content is preferably 0.12% or less, and more preferably less than 0.10%.
- Si 3% or less Si is an element effective for deoxidation, but if it is excessively contained, toughness is reduced. For this reason, Si content shall be 3% or less.
- the Si content is preferably 2% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly defined, even if the Si content is reduced, the deoxidation effect is lowered, the cleanliness of the steel is deteriorated, and excessive reduction leads to an increase in production cost. For this reason, it is preferable that Si content shall be 0.01% or more.
- Mn 3% or less Mn is an element effective for deoxidation, like Si, and is an element that contributes to improvement of strength by enhancing the hardenability of steel. However, if it is contained excessively, the HAZ is markedly cured and the hydrogen embrittlement resistance is increased. Therefore, the Mn content is 3% or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly defined, it is preferable to contain 0.2% or more in order to obtain the effect of improving the strength of Mn. A more preferred lower limit is 0.4%, and a preferred upper limit is 2.8%.
- B 0.005 to 0.050%
- B is an element constituting the knowledge that is the basis of the present invention. As already described, B occupies hydrogen accumulation sites such as dislocations and vacancies in HAZ, and is therefore an effective element for enhancing hydrogen embrittlement resistance. Further, B is segregated at the grain boundary during the production of the steel material to indirectly improve the hardenability and contribute to the improvement of the strength. In order to acquire these effects, it is necessary to contain B 0.005% or more. On the other hand, if it is excessively contained, a large amount of boride precipitates in the HAZ, and the interface between the substrate and the boride acts as a hydrogen accumulation site, which leads to embrittlement. Therefore, the B content is set to 0.005 to 0.050%.
- the lower limit of B is preferably 0.006%, and more preferably 0.008%.
- the upper limit of B is preferably 0.045%, and more preferably 0.040%.
- the B content is preferably in a range satisfying the following expression (1) in relation to the maximum value of HAV Vickers hardness. 0.005 ⁇ Hv / 300 + 0.0023 ⁇ B (1)
- Hv in the above formula is the maximum value of Vickers hardness in HAZ
- B means B content (mass%), respectively.
- the maximum value of HAZ Vickers hardness is a value determined by a Vickers test according to JIS Z2244 with a test force of 98.07 N.
- Al 0.08% or less
- Al is an element effective for deoxidation, but its effect is saturated even if it is contained excessively, and the toughness is reduced. Therefore, the Al content is set to 0.08% or less.
- a preferable content is 0.06% or less.
- Al is preferably contained in an amount of 0.001% or more.
- the Al content of the present invention refers to acid-soluble Al (so-called “sol.Al”).
- the low alloy steel according to the present invention contains each of the above elements, with the balance being Fe and impurities.
- An impurity means the component mixed by raw materials and other factors, such as an ore and a scrap, when manufacturing steel materials industrially.
- impurities the following elements need to be strictly limited in content.
- N 0.01% or less N is present in steel as an impurity, but if fine carbonitride is formed, it causes embrittlement and lowers toughness even when dissolved. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the content to 0.01% or less.
- the content is preferably 0.008% or less.
- the lower limit of the N content is preferably 0.0001%.
- P 0.05% or less P is present in the steel as an impurity, but segregates at grain boundaries in HAZ, leading to a decrease in toughness. Therefore, the content is limited to 0.05% or less. There is no particular lower limit, but excessive reduction leads to a significant increase in manufacturing costs. Therefore, the lower limit of the P content is preferably 0.001%.
- S 0.03% or less S is present in steel as an impurity like P, but forms sulfides in the steel, and the interface with the substrate acts as a hydrogen accumulation site, increasing hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. Also, the HAZ toughness is reduced. Therefore, the content is stricter than P and limited to 0.03% or less. There is no particular lower limit, but excessive reduction leads to a significant increase in manufacturing costs. Therefore, the lower limit of the S content is preferably 0.0001%.
- O 0.03% or less O is present in the steel as an impurity, but when it is contained in a large amount, it generates a large amount of oxide, which deteriorates workability and ductility. Therefore, it is necessary to make it 0.03% or less. Desirably, it is 0.025% or less. There is no particular need to provide a lower limit, but excessive reduction leads to a significant increase in manufacturing costs. Therefore, it is desirably 0.0005% or more.
- the low alloy steel according to the present invention may contain the following elements instead of a part of Fe.
- One or more selected from Cr, Mo, Ni, and Cu 1.5% or less in total
- These elements all contribute to improving the hardenability and improving the strength, and therefore may be contained.
- the content when it is excessive, significant hardening in HAZ may be caused, and the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility may be increased. Therefore, when it contains 1 or more types of these elements, the content shall be 1.5% or less in total.
- a preferable minimum is 0.02%, More preferably, it is 0.05%.
- a preferable upper limit is 1.2%.
- One or more selected from Ti, V, and Nb 0.2% or less in total
- These elements form fine carbonitrides and contribute to the improvement of strength, and stable diffusible hydrogen
- the content when it is excessive, the production of carbonitrides becomes excessive and the toughness may be reduced. Therefore, when it contains 1 or more types of these elements, the content shall be 0.2% or less in total.
- a preferable minimum is 0.001%, More preferably, it is 0.003%.
- a preferable upper limit is 0.15%.
- Ca and / or Mg 0.05% or less in total
- these elements may be contained in order to improve the hot workability of steel. However, if its content is excessive, it may combine with oxygen, significantly reducing cleanliness, and possibly degrading hot workability. Therefore, when it contains 1 or more types of these elements, the content shall be 0.05% or less in total.
- a preferable minimum is 0.0005%, More preferably, it is 0.001%.
- a preferable upper limit is 0.03%.
- test material was produced by machining a 12 mm thick low alloy steel plate having a chemical composition shown in Table 1 into a 12 mm square and a length of 100 mm.
- This test material was subjected to a HAZ reproducible welding heat cycle that was heated to 1350 ° C., a temperature at which HAZ was markedly cured by high-frequency induction heating, for 3 seconds and then rapidly cooled.
- the following tests were conducted using this test material.
- ⁇ SSC resistance test> A test piece having a thickness of 2 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a length of 75 mm was taken from the obtained test material, and the SSC resistance was evaluated by a four-point bending test in accordance with EFC16 defined by European Federation of Corrosion.
- EFC16 European Federation of Corrosion.
- a stress corresponding to 50% of the 0.2% proof stress derived from the tensile test was applied to the collected specimen by 4-point bending, and then 5% of room temperature (24 ° C.) saturated with 1 atm hydrogen sulfide gas. It was immersed in a salt + 0.5% acetic acid aqueous solution for 336 hours and examined for the occurrence of SSC.
- a low alloy steel having excellent resistance to embrittlement caused by hydrogen such as stress corrosion cracking in a wet hydrogen sulfide environment can be obtained.
- This low alloy steel is most suitable as a material for steel pipes for transporting crude oil or natural gas.
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Abstract
Description
である低合金鋼。
0.005×Hv/300+0.0023≦B (1)
ただし、上記式中の「Hv」は、HAZにおけるビッカース硬さの最大値であり、「B」は、B含有量(質量%)をそれぞれ意味する。
Cは、鋼の焼入れ性を高めて強度を高めるのに有効な元素である。その効果を得るためには0.01%以上含有させる必要がある。しかし、その含有量が0.15%を超えると、焼入れままの硬さが増大しすぎて、HAZを硬化させるので、HAZの水素脆化感受性を高めてしまう。よって、C含有量は、0.01~0.15%とする。C含有量の下限は、0.02%とするのが好ましく、0.03%とするのがより好ましい。C含有量は、0.12%以下とするのが好ましく、0.10%未満とするのがより好ましい。
Siは、脱酸に有効な元素であるが、過剰に含有させると靭性の低下を招く。このため、Si含有量は3%以下とする。Si含有量は2%以下とするのが好ましい。下限は特に定めないが、Si含有量を低減しても、脱酸効果が低下し、鋼の清浄度を劣化させ、過度な低減は製造コストの増大を招く。このため、Si含有量は、0.01%以上とするのが好ましい。
Mnは、Siと同様、脱酸に有効な元素であり、また、鋼の焼入れ性を高めて強度の向上に寄与する元素である。しかし、過剰に含有させると、HAZの著しい硬化を招き、耐水素脆化感受性を高めてしまう。このため、Mn含有量は3%以下とする。下限は特に定めないが、Mnの強度向上効果を得る場合には、0.2%以上含有するのが好ましい。より好ましい下限は、0.4%であり、好ましい上限は、2.8%である。
Bは、本発明の根幹となる知見を構成する元素である。Bは、既に述べたように、HAZにおいては転位、空孔など水素の集積サイトを占有するので、耐水素脆化特性を高めるのに有効な元素である。Bは、さらに、鋼材製造時には、粒界に偏析して間接的に焼入れ性を高め、強度向上にも寄与する。これらの効果を得るためには、Bを0.005%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、過剰に含有させると、HAZにホウ化物が多量に析出し、基質とホウ化物との界面が水素の集積サイトとして作用し、逆に脆化を招く。このため、B含有量は、0.005~0.050%とする。Bの下限は、0.006%とするのが好ましく、0.008%とするのがより好ましい。Bの上限は、0.045%とするのが好ましく、0.040%とするのがより好ましい。
0.005×Hv/300+0.0023≦B (1)
ただし、上記式中の「Hv」は、HAZにおけるビッカース硬さの最大値であり、「B」は、B含有量(質量%)をそれぞれ意味する。なお、HAZのビッカース硬さの最大値とは、JIS Z2244に従い、試験力を98.07Nとするビッカース試験によって求められる値である。
Alは、脱酸に有効な元素であるが、その効果は、過剰に含有させても飽和し、また、靭性の低下を招く。よって、Al含有量は、0.08%以下とする。好ましい含有量は、0.06%以下である。下限は特に定めないが、過度の低減は、脱酸効果が十分に得られず鋼の清浄度を劣化させるとともに、製造コストの増大を招く。そのため、Alは0.001%以上含有させるのが好ましい。本発明のAl含有量とは、酸可溶Al(所謂「sol.Al」)を指す。
Nは、不純物として鋼中に存在するが、微細な炭窒化物を形成すると脆化を招き、固溶した場合でも靭性を低下させる。そのため、その含有量を0.01%以下に制限する必要がある。その含有量は0.008%以下とするのが好ましい。下限は特に定めないが、過度の低減は、製造コストの著しい増大を招く。そのため、N含有量の下限は、0.0001%とするのが好ましい。
Pは、不純物として鋼中に存在するが、HAZにおいて粒界に偏析し、靭性の低下を招く。そのため、その含有量を0.05%以下に制限する。下限は特に定めないが、過度の低減は、製造コストの著しい増大を招く。そのため、P含有量の下限は、0.001%とするのが好ましい。
Sは、Pと同様に不純物として鋼中に存在するが、鋼材中で硫化物を形成し、基質との界面が水素の集積サイトとして働き、水素脆化感受性を高め、また、HAZ靭性の低下も招く。そのため、その含有量をPよりも厳しく、0.03%以下に制限する。下限は特に定めないが、過度の低減は、製造コストの著しい増大を招く。そのため、S含有量の下限は、0.0001%とするのが好ましい。
Oは、不純物として鋼中に存在するが、多量に含まれる場合には、多量の酸化物を生成し、加工性や延性を劣化させる。そのため、0.03%以下とする必要がある。望ましくは0.025%以下である。特に下限は設ける必要はないが、過度の低減は製造コストの著しい増大を招く。そのため、望ましくは0.0005%以上とする。
これら元素は、いずれも焼入れ性を高めて強度向上に寄与するので、含有させてもよい。しかし、その含有量が過剰な場合、HAZでの著しい硬化を招き、水素脆化感受性を高めるおそれがある。よって、これらの元素の1種以上を含有させる場合には、その含有量を合計で1.5%以下とする。なお、好ましい下限は0.02%であり、さらに好ましくは0.05%である。好ましい上限は1.2%である。
これら元素は、微細な炭窒化物を形成し、強度の向上に寄与する元素であるとともに、拡散性水素を安定的に補足し、水素脆化割れ感受性を低減するのに少なからず効果があるので、含有させてもよい。しかし、その含有量が過剰な場合、炭窒化物の生成が過剰となり、靭性を低下させるおそれがある。よって、これらの元素の1種以上を含有させる場合には、その含有量を合計で0.2%以下とする。なお、好ましい下限は0.001%であり、さらに好ましくは0.003%である。好ましい上限は0.15%である。
これらの元素は、いずれも鋼の熱間加工性を改善するため、含有させてもよい。しかし、その含有量が過剰な場合、酸素と結合し、清浄を著しく低下させ、却って熱間加工性を劣化させるおそれがある。よって、これらの元素の1種以上を含有させる場合には、その含有量を合計で0.05%以下とする。なお、好ましい下限は0.0005%であり、さらに好ましくは0.001%である。好ましい上限は0.03%である。
JIS Z2241に準拠し、得られた試験材から平行部径6mm、平行部長さ10mmの丸棒引張試験片を採取し、常温での引張試験を行った。
JIS Z2244に従い、得られた試験材の断面を現出し、試験力を98.07Nとするビッカース試験を行い、ビッカース硬さを測定した。
得られた試験材から厚さ2mm、幅10mm、長さ75mmの試験片を採取し、European Federation of Corrosionが定めるEFC16に則った4点曲げ試験により、耐SSC性を評価した。試験は、採取した試験片に4点曲げにより引張試験から導出した0.2%耐力の50%に相当する応力を付加した後、1atm硫化水素ガスを飽和させた常温(24℃)の5%食塩+0.5%酢酸水溶液に336時間浸漬し、SSCの発生有無を調べた。加えて、SSC環境としてさらに厳しい、4℃の5%食塩+0.5%酢酸水溶液中においても同様の試験を行った。そして、SSCが発生しなかったものを合格、SSCが発生したものを不合格とした。
Claims (3)
- 質量%で、C:0.01~0.15%、Si:3%以下、Mn:3%以下、B:0.005~0.050%およびAl:0.08%以下、残部はFeおよび不純物からなり、
不純物としてのNが0.01%以下、Pが0.05%以下、Sが0.03%以下およびOが0.03%以下であることを特徴とする低合金鋼。 - 質量%で、C:0.01~0.15%、Si:3%以下、Mn:3%以下、B:0.005~0.050%およびAl:0.08%以下、
下記(A)~(C)に掲げる元素群から選択される1種以上の元素、残部はFeおよび不純物からなり、
不純物としてのNが0.01%以下、Pが0.05%以下、Sが0.03%以下およびOが0.03%以下であることを特徴とする低合金鋼。
(A)Cr、Mo、NiおよびCuから選択される1種以上:合計で1.5%以下
(B)Ti、VおよびNbから選択される1種以上:合計で0.2%以下
(C)Caおよび/またはMg:合計で0.05%以下 - B含有量が、下記の(1)式を満足することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の低合金鋼。
0.005×Hv/300+0.0023≦B (1)
ただし、上記式中の「Hv」は、HAZにおけるビッカース硬さの最大値であり、「B」は、B含有量(質量%)をそれぞれ意味する。
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EP12865286.4A EP2803743B1 (en) | 2012-01-12 | 2012-12-17 | Low alloy steel |
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AU2012365128A AU2012365128B2 (en) | 2012-01-12 | 2012-12-17 | Low alloy steel |
CN201280066918.5A CN104053803B (zh) | 2012-01-12 | 2012-12-17 | 低合金钢 |
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CA2856247A CA2856247C (en) | 2012-01-12 | 2012-12-17 | Low alloy steel |
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