WO2013084489A1 - 露光制御装置 - Google Patents
露光制御装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013084489A1 WO2013084489A1 PCT/JP2012/007806 JP2012007806W WO2013084489A1 WO 2013084489 A1 WO2013084489 A1 WO 2013084489A1 JP 2012007806 W JP2012007806 W JP 2012007806W WO 2013084489 A1 WO2013084489 A1 WO 2013084489A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light amount
- light
- region
- exposure control
- adjusting plate
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70058—Mask illumination systems
- G03F7/70191—Optical correction elements, filters or phase plates for controlling intensity, wavelength, polarisation, phase or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
- G02B26/023—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light comprising movable attenuating elements, e.g. neutral density filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/281—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for attenuating light intensity, e.g. comprising rotatable polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
- G03B9/02—Diaphragms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
- G03B9/08—Shutters
- G03B9/10—Blade or disc rotating or pivoting about axis normal to its plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/75—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing optical camera components
Definitions
- the present application relates to an exposure control apparatus that adjusts the amount of transmitted light.
- the amount of light that passes through an optical system and enters an imaging device is generally adjusted by an optical aperture or a shutter.
- the exposure control method using the optical aperture and the shutter speed has a problem that the depth of field and the blurring of the subject become unintended.
- Patent Document 1 includes two polarizing plates and two driving sources, and adjusts the amount of light by relatively rotating the two polarizing plates by one driving source, and by the other driving source.
- An exposure control device for retracting two polarizing plates from the optical path is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 includes two polarizing plates and one driving source, and adjusts the amount of light by relatively rotating the two polarizing plates with one driving source, and two polarizing plates from the optical path.
- An exposure control apparatus is disclosed that performs both retraction using a single drive source.
- FIG. 14 shows a conventional exposure control apparatus 1000 disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- FIG. 14A shows a state where two polarizing plates are inserted in the optical path.
- FIG. 14B shows a state where two polarizing plates are retracted from the optical path.
- the two polarizing plates 1001 and 1002 are fixed to the polarization driving plate 1003, and the polarizing driving plate 1003 is moved when the polarizing plate 1001 and the polarizing plate 1002 are retracted from the optical path.
- These configurations can create a state in which the polarizing plate does not exist on the optical path, so that the maximum value of the transmittance that can be adjusted can be increased.
- One non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present application provides an exposure control apparatus that can adjust the amount of transmitted light with a simple configuration.
- An exposure control apparatus is an exposure control apparatus disposed on an optical path, and includes a first region having a characteristic of transmitting light polarized in a specific direction and light polarized in the specific direction.
- First and second light quantity adjustment plates each having a second region having no transmission characteristic are provided, and the light quantity is adjusted by rotating the first and second light quantity adjustment plates.
- the exposure control apparatus creates a state in which there is no polarization region on the optical path with a simple configuration and control. Thereby, the amount of light can be adjusted without reducing the maximum amount of transmitted light. Furthermore, since the light amount adjusting plate can be slid at a portion having a small diameter, the light amount adjusting plate can be rotated with a small friction, and the energy required for rotating the polarizing plate and the wear of the members can be reduced.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the light amount adjustment plate in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another form of the first embodiment.
- (A) to (g) are other views showing a state in which the light amount adjusting plate is rotated in the exposure control apparatus of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows the structure of Embodiment 2 of the exposure control apparatus by this invention.
- (A) to (e) are views showing a state in which a light amount adjusting plate is rotated in the exposure control apparatus of the second embodiment. It is a top view which shows the structure of Embodiment 3 of the exposure control apparatus by this invention. It is the figure which looked at the exposure control apparatus of Embodiment 3 from the side.
- (A)-(i) is a figure which shows the state which rotated the light quantity adjustment board in the exposure control apparatus of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the rotation angle of the light quantity adjustment board and the transmittance
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the arrangement
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows embodiment of the imaging device by this invention.
- (A) And (b) is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional exposure control apparatus.
- An exposure control apparatus is an exposure control apparatus disposed on an optical path, and includes a first region having a characteristic of transmitting light polarized in a specific direction and light polarized in the specific direction.
- First and second light quantity adjustment plates each having a second region having no transmission characteristic are provided, and the light quantity is adjusted by rotating the first and second light quantity adjustment plates.
- Each of the first and second light quantity adjustment plates has a rotation axis at the center, the rotation axis is disposed outside the optical path, and a part of each of the first and second light quantity adjustment plates is The light quantity may be adjusted by overlapping each other on the optical path and rotating the first and second light quantity adjustment plates around the rotation axis.
- the rotation axis of the first light amount adjustment plate and the rotation axis of the second light amount adjustment plate may be arranged at different positions.
- the first region of the first light amount adjustment plate and the first region of the second light amount adjustment plate respectively overlap the optical path, and the first region of the first light amount adjustment plate
- the first and second light amount adjusting plates rotate such that the specific direction and the specific direction of the first region of the second light amount adjusting plate are perpendicular to each other, the first and second The transmittance of the light transmitted through the light quantity adjusting plate may be the lowest.
- first and second light amount adjustment plates rotate such that the second region of the first light amount adjustment plate and the second region of the second light amount adjustment plate overlap the optical path, respectively.
- the transmittance of light passing through the first and second light quantity adjustment plates may be maximized.
- the specific direction and the specific direction of the first region of the second light quantity adjustment plate may be parallel to each other from a state perpendicular to each other.
- the first and second light quantity adjusting plates may rotate in opposite directions at the same speed.
- the first and second light quantity adjustment plates may rotate at different speeds in opposite directions.
- the first and second light quantity adjustment plates may rotate in the same direction at different speeds.
- the rotation axes of the first and second light quantity adjusting plates may coincide with each other.
- the first light amount adjustment plate and The second light amount adjustment plate may rotate in the same direction at the same speed.
- the second region of the first light amount adjusting plate and the second region of the second light amount adjusting plate overlap with the optical path, respectively, and the first region of the first light amount adjusting plate In a state where the specific direction and the specific direction of the first region of the second light amount adjustment plate are not parallel to each other, one of the first light amount adjustment plate and the second light amount adjustment plate rotates,
- the other may be stationary.
- the exposure control apparatus may further include an optical element that converts incident light into circularly polarized light, and light that has passed through the optical element may pass through the first and second light quantity adjustment plates.
- the exposure control apparatus may further include an optical element that is arranged so that light transmitted through the first and second light quantity adjustment plates is incident and that converts the incident light into circularly polarized light.
- the exposure control device may further include an optical diaphragm or shutter arranged in the optical path of the optical system.
- FIG. 1A shows the configuration of Embodiment 1 of the exposure control apparatus of the present invention.
- 1A includes a light amount adjusting plate 1, a light amount adjusting plate 2, a gear 3, and a gear 4.
- a light amount adjusting plate (first light amount adjusting plate) 1 and a light amount adjusting plate (second light amount adjusting plate) 2 are respectively specified as a polarizing region 1a and a polarizing region 2a having characteristics of transmitting light oscillating in a specific direction.
- a non-polarizing region 1b and a non-polarizing region 2b that do not have the property of transmitting light that vibrates in the direction are provided.
- the light quantity adjustment plate 1 and the light quantity adjustment plate 2 are each provided with the rotating shaft 1c and the rotating shaft 2c.
- the rotating shaft 1 c and the rotating shaft 2 c are present inside the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 and outside the optical path 5.
- a part of each of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 overlaps with each other on the optical path and crosses the entire optical path 5.
- the polarizing region 1a and the non-polarizing region 1b are each formed in a sector shape with the rotation axis 1c as the center, and the central angle ⁇ ′ of the polarizing region 1a is 180 °. . Therefore, the central angle ⁇ ′ of the non-polarizing region 1b is also 180 °.
- the polarizing region 2a and the non-polarizing region 2b in the light amount adjusting plate 2 also have the same structure. As long as the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a are provided so as to completely cover the entire optical path 5, the arrangement is not limited to that shown in FIG. 1A, and the polarization region 1a is located in the vicinity of the rotation axis 1c and the rotation axis 2c. And the polarization region 2a may not be provided.
- the optical path 5 is, for example, perpendicular to the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 and is shown in a cross section parallel to the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 in FIG. 1A.
- the optical path 5 only needs to intersect with the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2, and may be inclined with respect to the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2.
- the optical path 5 is not limited to a circle as shown in FIG. 1, and may have various cross-sectional shapes.
- the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a are made of, for example, a polarizing film.
- a polarizing film a film made of polyvinyl alcohol or iodine, or a film in which metal wires such as aluminum are arranged may be used.
- a polarizing film made of any material of organic materials and inorganic materials can be adopted.
- the non-polarization region 1b and the non-polarization region 2b do not have a property of transmitting light polarized in a specific direction. Specifically, the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b are not provided with a polarizer such as the polarizing film described above. For this reason, the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b transmit light without polarization.
- the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a are indicated by hatching, and the direction of the striped line indicates the vibration direction of transmitted light.
- an axis parallel to the vibration direction of the light transmitted through the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a is referred to as a transmission axis.
- FIG. 1B is a side view of the exposure control apparatus 100 of FIG. 1A.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 have gear teeth on the side surfaces.
- the gear 3 is rotated by power from a motor (actuator) which is a drive source (not shown).
- the gear 3 is connected to a rotating disk or the like, and the operator may rotate the rotating disk with fingers.
- the gear 3 rotates, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the gear 4 meshing with the gear 3 rotate.
- the gear 4 rotates, the light amount adjusting plate 2 engaged with the gear 4 rotates.
- the gear 3 and the gear 4 constitute a drive mechanism 10 that rotates the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 in the same direction or in the opposite direction.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are rotated in opposite directions by the drive mechanism 10 at the same rotational speed.
- the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 are arranged so as to be substantially parallel to each other. As long as the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 completely cross the optical path 5, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 may not be parallel and may form an angle of several tens of degrees or less. 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 may be provided with a gap g. However, if the angle between the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is increased or the gap g is increased, stray light that does not pass through one of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 but passes through the other (FIG. 1B). Is not shown in particular) is likely to occur. When stray light becomes a problem, an appropriate light shielding structure may be provided so that stray light does not enter the light amount adjustment plate 2 from the gap g.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 rotate at the same speed.
- the light entering the exposure control apparatus 100 through the optical path 5 is light that contains linearly polarized components in all directions uniformly. Further, it is expressed that light passes through both the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a of the exposure control apparatus 100 and the light passes through the non-polarization region 1b and the non-polarization region 2b of the exposure control apparatus 100.
- the operation of the exposure control apparatus 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the central angle ⁇ ′ of the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a in the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is 180 °
- the boundary between the polarizing region 1a and the non-polarizing region 1b is a straight line.
- the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 respectively cover the entire optical path 5, and the transmission axis of the polarization region 1a and the transmission axis of the polarization region 2a are perpendicular to each other. Is an initial state, and the operation will be described assuming that the gear 3 is rotated in the direction of the arrow R. The light enters the light amount adjustment plate 1, and the light transmitted through the light amount adjustment plate 1 passes through the light amount adjustment plate 2.
- FIG. 2A shows the initial state
- FIG. 2B shows the light amount adjusting plate 1 in the direction opposite to the arrow R, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 in the same direction as the arrow R, 15 ° from the initial state.
- the rotated state is shown.
- FIG.2 (c) shows the state rotated 30 degrees similarly.
- FIG.2 (d) shows the state rotated 45 degrees similarly.
- FIG.2 (e) shows the state rotated 120 degree
- FIG. 3 shows the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus 100 with respect to the rotation angle from the initial state of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2. Note that the relationship between the rotation angle and the transmittance in FIG. 3 is a schematic example, does not show a strict relationship, and does not limit the invention.
- (a) to (d) indicate that the rotation angles of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are the sizes shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to (d).
- the transmission axes of the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a of the light amount adjusting plate 1 are perpendicular to each other, so that the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus 100 is the smallest. That is, the transmittance at this time is lower than 50%.
- the transmittance is about 0%.
- the transmittance indicates the ratio of the amount of light after passing through the exposure control apparatus 100 to the total amount of light passing through the optical path 5.
- the transmittance 100%, the light is not polarized and passes through the exposure control apparatus 100 without being blocked.
- the transmittance is 0%, the light transmitted through the optical path 5 is completely blocked by the exposure control apparatus 100.
- the transmission axes of the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a are not vertical.
- the light transmitted through the polarization region 1 a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 includes a component parallel to the transmission axis of the polarization region 2 a of the light amount adjustment plate 2. Therefore, part of the light transmitted through the polarization region 1 a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 transmits through the polarization region 2 a of the light amount adjustment plate 2.
- the angle formed between the transmission axis of the polarizing region 1a and the transmission axis of the polarizing region 2a decreases, so that the amount of light transmitted through the polarizing region 2a of the light amount adjusting plate 2 is also increased. Increase.
- the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus 100 increases and the transmission axes of the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a in the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 are parallel to each other as shown in FIG. ).
- the maximum transmittance is obtained.
- the transmittance at this time is about 50%, for example.
- the non-polarization region 1b of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the non-polarization region 2b of the light amount adjustment plate 2 begin to overlap with the optical path 5. Since the light transmitted through the non-polarization region 1b is not polarized, the transmittance increases as the area where the non-polarization region 1b and the non-polarization region 2b overlap with the optical path 5 increases as shown in FIG.
- the present embodiment it is possible to reduce the friction between the polarizing plate and other members with a simple structure and to realize a state where there is no polarizing plate on the optical path. Therefore, it is possible to realize an exposure control apparatus that can change the transmittance within a wide range with high accuracy.
- each of the two light quantity adjustment plates includes a polarization region and a non-polarization region and rotates, so that the two non-polarization regions overlap the optical path, and the two polarization regions are It is possible to create a state overlapping with the optical path and an intermediate state between them.
- the angle of the transmission axis of the two polarization regions can be changed. Therefore, according to the conventional method of arranging two polarizing plates on the optical path and adjusting the amount of polarized light, the transmittance can be adjusted only between about 0% and about 50%. The transmittance can be adjusted from about 0% to about 100%.
- the radius of the rotation axis of the two polarizing plates 1001 and 1002 is substantially equal to the radius of the polarizing plate 1001 and the polarizing plate 1002, so The friction between the polarizing plate 1001 and the polarizing plate 1002 is large.
- movement which retracts the light quantity adjustment board 1 and the light quantity adjustment board 2 itself is unnecessary.
- the rotating shaft 1c and the rotating shaft 2c are arranged at the center of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2, and the diameter of the rotating shaft can be made smaller than that of the conventional exposure control apparatus 1000.
- the contact area with the other members on the rotating shafts of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is reduced, and the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 can be rotated with a small friction. Energy can be reduced and the drive source can also be reduced.
- unnecessary energy is not required because the operation of retracting the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 itself is unnecessary.
- the polarization region 1a, the polarization region 2a, the non-polarization region 1b, and the non-polarization region 2b have a radius that is about twice the diameter of the optical path 5.
- the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 have polarization regions 1a, 2a and non-polarization regions 1b, 2b, respectively, and are rotated around rotation axes located in the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2, respectively. If the polarizing regions 1a, 2a or the non-polarizing regions 1b, 2b can be arranged in the optical path 5, the transmittance of the exposure control device can be changed.
- the size and shape of the polarization region 1a, the polarization region 2a, the non-polarization region 1b, and the non-polarization region 2b may be freely changed.
- the shape and size may be different from 2b.
- the central angle ⁇ ′ of the polarizing region 1 a of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the central angle ⁇ ′ of the polarizing region 2 a of the light amount adjusting plate 2 may be different from each other.
- the central angle of the non-polarizing region 1b of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the central angle of the non-polarizing region 2b of the light amount adjusting plate 2 are also different from each other.
- the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus can be changed with higher accuracy.
- the transmission axes of the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 change from a parallel state to a perpendicular state by the rotation of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2
- the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 have a size and a shape that allow the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a to include the entire trajectory through which the optical path 5 passes.
- the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b have a size and shape that can include the entire optical path 5.
- condition A the above-described two conditions regarding the size and shape of the polarizing region 1a, the non-polarizing region 1b, the polarizing region 2a, and the non-polarizing region 2b are referred to as a condition A.
- the exposure control apparatus of the present embodiment may have the structure shown in FIG. Similar to the exposure control apparatus 100, the exposure control apparatus 101 includes a light amount adjustment plate 1, a light amount adjustment plate 2, a gear 3, and a gear 4.
- the radii of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2, that is, the radii of the polarization region 1a and the non-polarization region 1b, and the polarization region 2a and the non-polarization region 2b are approximately the same as the diameter of the optical path 5. Thereby, the size of the exposure control apparatus 101 can be reduced.
- the features will be described below.
- the radii of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are about the diameter of the optical path 5.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 of the exposure control apparatus 101 have ⁇ and ⁇ ′ different from those of the exposure control apparatus 100.
- ⁇ is centered at the midpoint of the line segment connecting the rotation axis 1c, 2c of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 to the rotation axis 1c of the light amount adjustment plate and the rotation axis 2c of the light amount adjustment plate 2.
- ⁇ ′ is a central angle in a fan shape formed by the polarizing region 1a or the polarizing region 2a. Conditions to be satisfied by ⁇ and ⁇ ′ can be derived from calculation.
- the conditions that ⁇ should satisfy are shown.
- the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 are reversely rotated at the same speed. Therefore, by rotation, the transmission axes of the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 change from a mutually perpendicular state to a parallel state, or from a parallel state to a perpendicular state.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 need to be rotated by 45 °.
- the non-polarization region 1 b and the non-polarization region 2 b need to cover the entire optical path 5. Therefore, the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b are also required by ⁇ in the circumferential direction of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2. Since the sum of the necessary regions only needs to be 360 ° or less of the circumference, the relational expression of Equation 1 can be derived. ( ⁇ + 45) + ⁇ ⁇ 360 (Equation 1)
- Equation 2 which is a condition that ⁇ should satisfy, can be obtained.
- Equation 2 which is a condition that ⁇ should satisfy, can be obtained.
- the area in the circumferential direction necessary for changing the amount of light transmitted through the exposure control device from the minimum value to the maximum value is the angle indicated by the left side of Equation 1.
- the region of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 can be efficiently used without waste as the value of ⁇ increases.
- the maximum value of the amount of light is the maximum value of the amount of light that passes through the exposure control device when the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b exist on the optical path 5 and the light is not blocked.
- Equation 2 the maximum value of ⁇ is 157.5 °. A portion corresponding to ⁇ in FIG. 5 is represented by 157.5 °.
- Equation 3 360 ⁇ ′ ⁇ 157.5
- the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 of the exposure control apparatus in the present embodiment may have any shape.
- the boundary between the polarization region 1a and the non-polarization region 1b and the boundary between the polarization region 2a and the non-polarization region 2b are straight lines. However, as shown in FIG. As long as the condition 'is satisfied, the line need not be a straight line.
- the radii of the rotary shaft 1c and the rotary shaft 2c are not considered.
- the radii of the rotating shaft 1c and the rotating shaft 2c are not negligible compared to the radius of the optical path 5
- the radii of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are determined in consideration of the radii of the rotating shaft 1c and the rotating shaft 2c. do it.
- the number of drive sources is not limited to one, and a plurality of drive sources may be used.
- the gear 3 and the gear 4 may be rotated by one drive source.
- the drive source is not limited to a motor or the like, and as described above, the user may manually rotate the light amount adjustment plate 1, the light amount adjustment plate 2, the gear 3, and the gear 4.
- the midpoint of the line segment connecting the rotation axes 1c and 2c does not have to coincide with the center of the circular optical path 5, and the rotation axis is satisfied as long as the conditions A, ⁇ , and ⁇ ′ are satisfied.
- the centers of 1c and 2c and the optical path 5 may be arranged in a relationship other than the illustrated position.
- the positions of the rotary shaft 1c and the rotary shaft 2c may coincide if the condition A and the conditions of ⁇ , ⁇ ′ are satisfied. If the rotation axis exists at the same position, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are overlapped, and the size of the exposure control device itself can be reduced.
- the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b do not have to have a property of transmitting light polarized in a specific direction.
- a material that does not have polarization characteristics such as glass, may be provided in the non-polarization region 1b and the non-polarization region 2b, or an object is not provided, and is filled with an environmental medium such as air that holds an exposure control device. It may be.
- a polarizing plate or an ND filter exhibiting polarization characteristics other than the characteristic of transmitting light polarized in a specific direction may be provided in the non-polarization region 1b and the non-polarization region 2b.
- the shapes of the light quantity adjusting plate 1 and the light quantity adjusting plate 2 themselves may not be circular. However, it does not have to be circular.
- the gear 3 is rotated to rotate the gear 4, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2, but the configuration, size, position, etc. of the gear are not limited thereto. Also, the number of gears may be other than two. Further, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 may be directly driven by a motor.
- the rotating shaft 1c and the rotating shaft 2c may be directly rotated, and the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are rotated.
- the method of making it not restricted to the method of this Embodiment.
- the exposure control apparatus further includes optical elements such as a wavelength plate and a depolarizer for converting incident light into circularly polarized light, which are different from the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2, on the light incident side. You may have. According to such a configuration, it is possible to reduce the influence of the subject dependency of the light amount adjustment that the light amount adjustment amount changes depending on the polarization direction of the light from the subject.
- Such an optical element may be arranged such that light transmitted through the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 enters.
- the exposure control device has a wavelength plate that converts linearly polarized light different from the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 into circularly polarized light on the side opposite to the light incident side of the exposure control device.
- An optical element such as a depolarizer may be provided.
- the influence of the polarization dependence can be reduced even when the polarization dependence is incident on an apparatus that affects the output.
- Examples of such an apparatus in which the polarization dependency affects the output include an AF apparatus having a configuration in which light is divided into an AF mechanism and an imaging element by an optical low-pass filter or a polarizing prism.
- the polarizing region 1a of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the polarizing region 2a of the light amount adjusting plate 2 are composed of polarizing films, but have the property of transmitting light that vibrates in a specific direction. If so, the configuration is not limited to the configuration of the present embodiment.
- the present embodiment includes two light amount adjustment plates, it may include three or more light amount adjustment plates.
- the exposure control apparatus of this embodiment may further include an optical aperture or a shutter. Thereby, it is possible to realize an imaging apparatus that can photograph a subject under appropriate photographing conditions by simultaneously changing the shutter speed, the depth of field, and the exposure amount.
- FIG. 6 shows a state when the gear 3 is further rotated in the direction of arrow R from FIG.
- FIG. 6A shows the same state as FIG. 3E, in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated in the direction opposite to the arrow R and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated in the same direction as the arrow R by 120 ° from the initial state. Shows the state. 6 (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) and (g) are similarly rotated by 180 °, 240 °, 315 °, 330 °, 345 ° and 360 °, respectively. Indicates.
- the absolute value of the rotation amount of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 (based on the state of FIG. 2A) is 60 ° in FIGS. 2E and 6C, and FIG. 6 (d), 135 °, FIGS. 2 (c) and 6 (e), 150 °, FIGS. 2 (b) and 6 (f), 165 °, FIGS. 2 (a) and 6 (g). ) Is 180 °. Further, FIG. 2 (e) and FIG. 6 (c), FIG. 2 (d) and FIG. 6 (d), FIG. 2 (c) and FIG. 6 (e), FIG. 2 (b) and FIG. In FIG. 2 (a) and FIG.
- the optical path 5 has a line-symmetric shape with a vertical bisector connecting the rotation axes 1c and 2c as an axis of symmetry, and the center point of the line segment connecting the rotation axes 1c and 2c and the center of gravity of the optical path 5 If they match, (1)
- the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a are arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular bisector.
- (3) The above-described condition A and the conditions of ⁇ and ⁇ ′ are satisfied. When these conditions are satisfied, the transmittance is not limited to the shapes of the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a, and the transmittance can be changed as described above.
- FIG. 7 shows the configuration of the second embodiment of the exposure control apparatus of the present invention.
- the exposure control device 200 is different from the exposure control device 100 of the first embodiment in that the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 rotate at different speeds.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 have the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a having the property of transmitting light oscillating in a specific direction and the property of transmitting the light oscillating in a specific direction.
- Each of the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b is included.
- the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 have a rotation shaft 1c and a rotation shaft 2c, respectively.
- the rotating shaft 1 c and the rotating shaft 2 c are present inside the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 and outside the optical path 5.
- each of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 overlaps with each other on the optical path and crosses the entire optical path 5.
- the incident light (not shown) is not limited to the light incident on the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 but may be incident on the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 at an angle.
- the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a are made of, for example, a polarizing film.
- the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b do not have a property of transmitting light polarized in a specific direction.
- the stripe pattern shown on the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 indicates the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a, and the direction of the stripe line indicates the vibration direction of the transmitted light. Show.
- the gear 3 is rotated by power from a motor or the like which is a drive source not shown in the drawing. Further, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the gear 4 meshing with the gear 3 are rotated by the rotation of the gear 3. As the gear 4 rotates, the gear 4, the gear 21, the gear 22, and the gear 23 sequentially mesh with each other, and the gear 23 rotates in the same direction as the gear 4.
- the gear 23 rotates around the same rotation axis 2c as the light quantity adjusting plate 2. Since the light amount adjusting plate 2 and the gear 23 are respectively fixed to the rotating shaft 2c, when the gear 23 rotates, the light amount adjusting plate 2 also rotates in the same direction at the same rotational speed.
- the number of teeth of the gear 23 is 1 ⁇ 2 of the number of teeth of the gear provided on the side surface of the light adjusting plate 1 (the radius of the gear 23 is not accurately shown in FIG. 7). For this reason, the light adjusting plate 2 rotates twice in the reverse direction while the light adjusting plate 1 rotates once. With such a structure, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 rotate at different speeds.
- the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 rotate at a speed ratio of 1: 2.
- the operation of the exposure control apparatus 200 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the gear 21, the gear 22, and the gear 23 are not shown for easy understanding.
- the transmission axes of the polarizing region 1a of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the polarizing region 2a of the light amount adjusting plate 2 are perpendicular to each other, and the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are the optical path 5.
- the rotation state of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 when the gear 3 is rotated in the direction of the arrow R when the state including the whole is the initial state is shown.
- FIG. 8A shows the initial state.
- FIG. 8B shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated by 10 ° in the direction opposite to the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 20 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 8C shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated by 20 ° in the direction opposite to the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 40 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 8D shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated 30 ° in the direction opposite to the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated 60 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 8E shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated by 80 ° in the direction opposite to the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 160 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- the transmission axes of the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 are perpendicular to each other. small.
- the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus 200 increases. As shown in FIG. 8A, in the initial state, the transmission axes of the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 are perpendicular to each other. small.
- the transmittances in the states shown in (d) and FIG. 8 (d), and in FIGS. 2 (e) and 8 (e) are equal.
- the present embodiment it is possible to reduce the friction between the polarizing plate and other members with a simple structure and to realize a state in which there is no polarizing plate on the optical path.
- An exposure control apparatus that can change the transmittance in a wide range can be realized. Further, by rotating the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 at different speeds, the range of transmittance control is widened.
- the rotation speed ratio between the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 is 1: 2, but the speed ratio can be freely set as long as the conditions A, ⁇ , and ⁇ ′ are satisfied. May be changed. Further, the speed ratio may be changed during the rotation. There is no restriction
- the polarization region 1a, the polarization region 2a, the non-polarization region 1b, and the non-polarization region 2b are illustrated in a sector shape having a radius about twice the diameter of the optical path 5.
- the size and shape of the polarizing region 1a, the polarizing region 2a, the non-polarizing region 1b, and the non-polarizing region 2b may be freely changed as long as the conditions A and ⁇ , ⁇ ′ are satisfied.
- FIG. 9A shows the configuration of Embodiment 3 of the exposure control apparatus of the present invention.
- the exposure control apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 9A is different from the exposure control apparatus 100 of the first embodiment in the configuration of the gears and the rotation direction of the light amount adjustment plate.
- the exposure control apparatus 300 includes a light amount adjusting plate 1, a light amount adjusting plate 2, a gear 6, a gear 7, a gear 8, a gear 9, and a gear 10.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 include a polarizing region 1a and a polarizing region 2a having a property of transmitting light oscillating in a specific direction, and a non-polarizing region 1b having no property of transmitting light oscillating in a specific direction, and And a non-polarizing region 2b. Further, the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 have a rotation shaft 1c and a rotation shaft 2c, respectively.
- the rotating shaft 1 c and the rotating shaft 2 c are present inside the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 and outside the optical path 5. A part of each of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 overlaps with each other on the optical path and crosses the entire optical path 5.
- Incident light (not shown) is not limited to the light incident on the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 but may be incident on the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 at an angle.
- the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a are made of, for example, a polarizing film.
- the non-polarizing region 1b and the non-polarizing region 2b do not have a property of transmitting light polarized in a specific direction.
- the stripe pattern shown on the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 indicates the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a, and the direction of the stripe line indicates the vibration direction of the transmitted light. Show.
- FIG. 9B is a side view of the exposure control apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 9A. If the thickness is ignored, the gear 6, the gear 7, the gear 8, the gear 9, and the gear 10 are located on the same plane.
- the gear 6 is rotated by power from a motor or the like which is a drive source not shown in the drawing.
- the gear 6 meshes with the gear 9 and the gear 10 at a reduction ratio of 1: 1.
- the gear 9 and the gear 7 and the gear 8 and the gear 10 are engaged at a reduction ratio of 1: 1. Therefore, the rotation of the gear 6 causes the gear 7 and the gear 8 to rotate in the same direction at the same speed.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the gear 7 are fixed to the rotating shaft 1c, and the rotating shaft 1c is rotated by the rotation of the gear 7, and the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated.
- the light amount adjusting plate 2 and the gear 8 are fixed to the rotating shaft 2c, and the rotating shaft 2c is rotated by the rotation of the gear 8, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated. That is, the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are rotated in the same direction at the same speed by the rotation of the gear 6.
- the gear 9 is an intermittent gear and controls the rest and rotation of the gear 7. Therefore, the gear 9 can control the rest and rotation of the light amount adjusting plate 1.
- a state where the transmission axis of the polarization region 2a of the polarization region 1a and the light amount adjustment plate 2 of the light amount adjustment plate 1 is vertical and the polarization region 1a and the polarization region 2a overlap the entire optical path 5 is defined as an initial state.
- the state when the gear 6 is rotated in the direction of the arrow R is shown.
- FIG. 10A shows an initial state of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2. Further, between the states shown in FIGS. 10A to 10D, the gear 9 and the gear 7 which are intermittent gears are not engaged with each other, so that the gear 7 and the light amount adjusting plate 1 are stationary. For this reason, only the light quantity adjusting plate 2 rotates during the state shown in FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (d).
- FIG. 10B shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 30 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 10C shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 60 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 10D shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated 90 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 10E shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated by 15 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 105 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 10F shows a state in which the light amount adjustment plate 1 is rotated 30 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjustment plate 2 is rotated 120 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 10G shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated 45 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated 135 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 10H shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated by 60 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 150 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 10 (i) shows a state in which the light amount adjusting plate 1 is rotated by 75 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state, and the light amount adjusting plate 2 is rotated by 165 ° in the same direction as the arrow R from the initial state.
- FIG. 11 shows the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus 300 with respect to the rotation angle from the initial state of the light amount adjusting plate 2. Note that the relationship between the rotation angle and the transmittance in FIG. 11 is a schematic example, does not show a strict relationship, and does not limit the invention.
- (a) to (i) indicate that the rotation angle of the light amount adjusting plate 2 is the size shown in FIGS. 10 (a) to (i).
- the transmission axes of the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 are perpendicular to each other. It becomes the smallest. That is, the transmittance at this time is lower than 50%.
- the transmittance at this time is, for example, 0%.
- the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus 300 increases as shown in FIG. 10D, when the transmission axes of the polarization region 1a of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the polarization region 2a of the light amount adjustment plate 2 are parallel to each other, the polarization of the light amount adjustment plate 1 and the light amount adjustment plate 2 on the optical path 5.
- the maximum transmittance is obtained when the region 1a and the polarizing region 2a exist.
- the transmittance at this time is about 50%, for example.
- the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 can be rotated in the state shown in FIG. 10A to FIG.
- the transmittance of the control device 300 can be monotonously increased or decreased. Further, with such a configuration, even when the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the light amount adjusting plate 2 are rotated in the same direction, the state where there is no polarizing plate on the optical path without increasing the friction between the polarizing plate and other members. Therefore, exposure control can be performed with high accuracy.
- the transmittance increases monotonously during the state shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, but the transmittance is maximized from FIG. 2D.
- the transmittance of the exposure control apparatus 300 can be changed monotonously from the minimum to the maximum. Therefore, it is easy to adjust the intended transmittance or the amount of light transmitted through the optical path.
- the exposure control apparatus 100 in the process in which the non-polarization region 1b and the non-polarization region 2b overlap the optical path 5 (the process between FIG. 2D and FIG. 2E), The state where the transmission axes of the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a are not parallel continues. That is, there are regions in the optical path 5 where the transmittance is lower than about 50% and regions where the transmittance is about 100%. For this reason, light diffraction may appear remarkably at the boundary between the two regions.
- the non-polarizing region 1b and the light amount of the light amount adjusting plate 1 are maintained while the transmission axes of the polarizing region 1a of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the polarizing region 2a of the light amount adjusting plate 2 are kept parallel.
- the non-polarization region 2b of the adjustment plate 2 and the optical path 5 overlap. That is, a state in which there is a region with a transmittance of about 50% and a region with a transmittance of about 100% in the optical path 5 continues, and the influence of light diffraction can be minimized.
- the rotational speeds of the light quantity adjustment plate 1 and the light quantity adjustment board 2 are not particularly limited, and can be adjusted according to the rotational speed of the drive source and the gear reduction ratio. Further, the speed may be changed during the rotation. Further, the light amount adjustment plate 1 does not have to be stationary.
- the reduction ratio between the gear 7 and the gear 9 and between the gear 8 and the gear 10 is 4: 5.
- the gear 7 which is an intermittent gear a gear 7 having no teeth in the 2/5 portion of the circumference is used.
- FIG. 10 (a) the contact point between the gear 7 and the gear 9 is in the state where the transmission axes of the polarizing region 1a of the light amount adjusting plate 1 and the polarizing region 2a of the light amount adjusting plate 2 are perpendicular to each other.
- the optical path 5 has a line-symmetric shape with the vertical bisector connecting the rotation axes 1c and 2c as the symmetry axis, and the center of the line segment connecting the rotation axes 1c and 2c and the center of gravity of the optical path 5 If they match, (1)
- the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a are arranged symmetrically with respect to the perpendicular bisector.
- Condition A and the conditions of ⁇ and ⁇ ′ are satisfied.
- the transmittance is not limited to the shapes of the polarizing region 1a and the polarizing region 2a, and the transmittance can be changed as described above.
- Various modifications and modifications described in the first embodiment can also be adopted in the exposure control apparatus 300.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an embodiment of an imaging apparatus of the present invention.
- An imaging apparatus 400 illustrated in FIG. 13 includes an optical system 102, an exposure control apparatus 109, an imaging element 110, and an image processing unit 112.
- the optical system 102 includes a focus lens, and forms an image of a subject to be photographed on the imaging surface of the image sensor 110.
- the optical system 102 is shown as a single lens, but the optical system 102 may be composed of a plurality of lenses, and may further include a zoom lens or the like.
- the imaging apparatus 400 may further include a drive unit 103.
- the exposure control device 109 adjusts the amount of light transmitted through the optical system 102.
- the exposure control device 109 is provided between the optical system 102 and the image sensor 110.
- the exposure control device 109 includes an optical aperture 104, an exposure control unit 106, and a shutter 108.
- the exposure control unit described in Embodiments 1 to 3 can be used as the exposure control unit 106.
- the exposure control unit 106 is disposed between the optical aperture 104 and the shutter 108.
- the present invention is not limited to this arrangement, and the exposure control unit 106 is located at another position such as between the shutter 108 and the image sensor 110. May be provided.
- the optical aperture 104 and the shutter 108 may be integrally formed, and the shutter 108 may be mechanical or electronic.
- the electronic shutter may be provided in the image sensor 110. Further, as described above, when the optical system 102 includes two or more lenses, some of the constituent elements of the optical aperture 104 and the exposure control device 109 are adjacent to any two of the plurality of lenses of the optical system 102. You may provide between sheets.
- the exposure control apparatus 109 may further include an optical element 107 that converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.
- the optical element 107 may be provided between the exposure control unit 106 and the shutter 108 so that the light transmitted through the exposure control unit 106 enters, or the light transmitted through the optical element 107 enters the exposure control unit 106. May be provided.
- the image sensor 110 detects an image of a subject formed on the image plane, converts it into an electrical signal, and generates image data.
- the imaging apparatus 400 further includes a controller 114, a memory 116, a display unit 118, and an operation unit 120.
- the controller 114 receives image data from the image processing unit 112 and records it in the memory 116.
- the image data received from the image processing unit 112 or the image data read from the memory 116 is output to the display unit 118.
- the controller 114 also receives commands from the user from the operation unit 120 and controls each unit of the imaging apparatus 400.
- the image pickup apparatus 400 includes the exposure control unit 106 that adjusts the amount of light incident on the image pickup device 110 in addition to the optical aperture 104 and the shutter 108. For this reason, even when the shooting scene is bright, the amount of light incident on the image sensor 110 can be reduced by the exposure controller 106 without reducing the aperture of the optical aperture. Therefore, a clear image can be acquired without causing small aperture blur.
- the exposure amount can be adjusted independently of the depth of field determined by the size of the aperture of the optical aperture 104 and the exposure time (shutter speed) controlled by the shutter 110. Therefore, it is possible to acquire an image with an appropriate exposure amount while maintaining the depth of field, the subject blurring, and the like at the settings intended by the user.
- the exposure control device disclosed in the present application can be applied to general imaging devices such as cameras and movies, and optical filters for adjusting light quantity.
- Exposure control device 1 100, 101, 200, 300 Exposure control device 1, 2 Light quantity adjustment plate 1a, 2a Polarization region 1b, 2b Non-polarization region 1c, 2c Rotating shaft 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Gear 5 Optical path 1000
- Exposure control apparatus 1001 1002 Polarizing plate 1003 Polarization driving plate
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Abstract
Description
図1Aは、本発明の露光制御装置の実施の形態1の構成を示す。
1.光量調節板1及び光量調節板2の回転によって、光量調節板1の偏光領域1a及び光量調節板2の偏光領域2aの透過軸が互いに平行な状態から垂直な状態となる間に、光量調節板1及び光量調節板2において、光路5が通る軌跡全体を偏光領域1a及び偏光領域2aが含むことができる大きさ及び形状を偏光領域1a及び偏光領域2aが有している。
2.非偏光領域1b及び非偏光領域2bが、光路5全体を含むことができる大きさ及び形状を有している。
(θ+45)+θ≦360 (数1)
θ≦157.5 (数2)
θ’≧θ+45 (数3)
360-θ’≧157.5 (数4)
(1) 偏光領域1a及び偏光領域2aが垂直二等分線に対して対称に配置されている。
(2) 偏光領域1a及び偏光領域2aの一方を裏返して重ねた場合に、透過軸の方向が互いに垂直である。
(3) 上述の条件A及びθ、θ’の条件を満たしている。
これらの条件を満たしている場合、偏光領域1a及び偏光領域2aの形状に限られず、上述したように透過率を変化させることができる。
図7は、本発明の露光制御装置の実施の形態2の構成を示す。
図9Aは、本発明の露光制御装置の実施の形態3の構成を示す。
(1) 偏光領域1a及び偏光領域2aが垂直二等分線に対して対称に配置されている。
(2) 偏光領域1a及び偏光領域2aの一方を裏返して重ねた場合に、透過軸の方向が互いに垂直である。
(3) 条件A及びθ、θ’の条件を満たしている。
図13は、本発明の撮像装置の実施形態を示す模式的なブロック図である。図13に示す撮像装置400は、光学系102と、露光制御装置109と撮像素子110と、画像処理部112を備える。
1、2 光量調節板
1a、2a 偏光領域
1b、2b 非偏光領域
1c、2c 回転軸
3、4、6、7、8、9、10 ギア
5 光路
1000 従来の露光制御装置
1001、1002 偏光板
1003 偏光駆動板
Claims (15)
- 光路上に配置される露光制御装置であって、
特定方向に偏光した光を透過させる特性を有する第1の領域及び前記特定方向に偏光した光を透過させる特性を有しない第2の領域をそれぞれが有する第1及び第2の光量調節板を備え、
前記第1及び第2の光量調節板を回転させることによって光量を調節する、露光制御装置。 - 前記第1及び第2の光量調節板は、それぞれ、中心に回転軸を有し、
前記回転軸は、前記光路の外側に配置され、
前記第1及び第2の光量調節板のそれぞれ一部は前記光路上において互いに重なっており、
前記回転軸を中心に、前記第1及び第2の光量調節板がそれぞれ回転することによって、前記光量を調節する、請求項1に記載の露光制御装置。 - 前記第1の光量調節板の前記回転軸と、前記第2の光量調節板の前記回転軸とは、互いに異なる位置に配置される、請求項2に記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記第1の光量調節板の前記第1の領域及び前記第2の光量調節板の前記第1の領域がそれぞれ前記光路と重なり、かつ、前記第1の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向と前記第2の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向とが互いに垂直となるように前記第1及び第2の光量調節板が回転した場合、前記第1及び第2の光量調節板を透過する光の透過率は最低となる、
請求項2に記載の露光制御装置。 - 前記第1の光量調節板の前記第2の領域及び前記第2の光量調節板の前記第2の領域がそれぞれ前記光路と重なるように前記第1及び第2の光量調節板が回転した場合、前記第1及び第2の光量調節板を透過する光の透過率は最大となる、
請求項2に記載の露光制御装置。 - 前記第1の光量調節板の前記第1の領域及び前記第2の光量調節板の前記第1の領域がそれぞれ前記光路と重なっている間、前記第1の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向と前記第2の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向とが互いに垂直な状態から互いに平行な状態となる、請求項2に記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記第1及び第2の光量調節板は互いに反対方向に同速度で回転する、請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記第1及び第2の光量調節板は互いに反対方向に異なる速度で回転する、請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記第1及び第2の光量調節板が互いに同じ方向に異なる速度で回転する、請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記第1及び第2の光量調節板の回転軸は互いに一致する、請求項1または請求項2のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記第1の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向と前記第2の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向とが互いに平行な状態では、前記第1の光量調節板と、前記第2の光量調節板とが、同方向に同速度で回転する、請求項2から請求項6のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記第1の光量調節板の前記第2の領域及び前記第2の光量調節板の前記第2の領域がそれぞれ前記光路と重なり、かつ、前記第1の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向と前記第2の光量調節板の前記第1の領域の前記特定方向とが互いに平行でない状態において、
前記第1の光量調節板及び前記第2の光量調節板の一方が回転し、他方は静止している、請求項2から請求項6のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。 - 入射光を円偏光に変換する光学素子をさらに備え、
前記光学素子を透過した光が前記第1及び第2の光量調節板を透過する、請求項1から請求項12のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。 - 前記第1及び第2の光量調節板を透過した光が入射するように配置され、前記入射光を円偏光に変換する光学素子をさらに備える、請求項1から請求項12のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。
- 前記光学系の光路に配置される光学絞りまたはシャッターをさらに備える、請求項1から請求項12のいずれかに記載の露光制御装置。
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CN201280018541.6A CN103502885B (zh) | 2011-12-08 | 2012-12-05 | 曝光控制装置 |
JP2013548089A JP6025104B2 (ja) | 2011-12-08 | 2012-12-05 | 露光制御装置 |
US14/111,366 US8801305B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2012-12-05 | Exposure control device |
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JP2011-268853 | 2011-12-08 | ||
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US (1) | US8801305B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6025104B2 (ja) |
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CN106661917A (zh) * | 2014-04-22 | 2017-05-10 | 米兰理工大学 | 用于选择性控制电磁辐射的交互式装置 |
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JP6025104B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
CN103502885A (zh) | 2014-01-08 |
JPWO2013084489A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
US8801305B2 (en) | 2014-08-12 |
US20140028991A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
CN103502885B (zh) | 2017-09-29 |
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