WO2013049975A1 - 检测dna样品中预定位点的突变的试剂盒、方法及应用 - Google Patents

检测dna样品中预定位点的突变的试剂盒、方法及应用 Download PDF

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WO2013049975A1
WO2013049975A1 PCT/CN2012/001382 CN2012001382W WO2013049975A1 WO 2013049975 A1 WO2013049975 A1 WO 2013049975A1 CN 2012001382 W CN2012001382 W CN 2012001382W WO 2013049975 A1 WO2013049975 A1 WO 2013049975A1
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primer
seq
mutation
extension
set forth
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French (fr)
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冯大飞
邹婧
刘兴旺
王夏曼
汪建
王俊
杨焕明
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BGI Shenzhen Co Ltd
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BGI Shenzhen Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813Hybridisation assays
    • C12Q1/6827Hybridisation assays for detection of mutation or polymorphism

Definitions

  • Kit method and application for detecting mutation of a predetermined site in a DNA sample
  • the present invention relates to kits, primer combinations, methods and uses for detecting mutations at predetermined sites in a DNA sample.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for efficiently detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting a mutation in a predetermined site in a DNA sample.
  • the method comprises the steps of: performing a PCR amplification reaction on the DNA sample using an amplification primer to obtain an amplification product, the amplification product comprising the predetermined site; using an extension primer and Dd TP, using the amplification product as a template, performing an oligonucleotide extension reaction to obtain an extension product linking one base at the 3' end of the extension primer, wherein the 3' end of the extension primer is in close proximity
  • the predetermined site performing molecular weight detection on the extension product to obtain a molecular weight of the extension product; and determining a mutation type of the predetermined site based on a molecular weight of the extension product.
  • the extension reaction is based on an amplification product containing a predetermined site, and the 3' end of the extension primer for performing the extension reaction is immediately adjacent to the predetermined site, and ddNTP is used as a raw material in the extension reaction, the extension reaction can be ensured. It is possible to extend only one base, that is, to correspond to a predetermined site, and there is a significant difference based on the molecular weight of each different base. Therefore, by detecting the molecular weight of the extension product, it can be determined by the molecular weight of the obtained extension product. Whether a mutation has occurred at a predetermined site, and the type of mutation that has occurred. Thus, it can be widely applied to the field of molecular biology, for example, to detect whether a corresponding mutant has been successfully constructed.
  • the above method of detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the DNA sample is human whole genome DNA. Therefore, it is possible to effectively detect mutations in genes in humans.
  • the mutation at the predetermined site is a mutation of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a GJB2 gene, a GJB3 gene, an SLC26A4 gene, and mtDNA.
  • the mutation of the GJB2 gene is selected from the group consisting of 35delG, 167delT, and 176-191dell6.
  • At least one of 299_300delAT and 235delC wherein the mutation of the GJB3 gene is one less than one selected from the group consisting of 5380T and 547G>A, and the mutation of the SLC26A4 gene is selected from the group consisting of 281C>T, 589G>A, 919-2A. >G 1174A>T, 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C, 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G and at least one of IVS15+5G>A, and the mutation of the mtDNA is selected from 1494 T and 1555A> At least one of G.
  • gene mutations related to hereditary deafness can be effectively detected.
  • the amplification primer comprises a first panel and a second panel, wherein, for the 35ddG mutation of the GJB2 gene, the first primer is as SEQ ID NO: As shown in Figure 1, the second primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 33; and the 167delT mutation is directed to the GJB2 gene, the first primer is SEQ.
  • the second primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4
  • the extension primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 34
  • the 176-191dell6 mutation against the GJB2 gene the One primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5
  • the second primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6
  • the extension primer is as SEQ ID NO: 35
  • the first primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7
  • the second primer is as SEQ ID NO: 8
  • f indicates that the extension
  • the primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 36; for the 235delC mutation of the GJB2 gene, the first bow is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the second bow is as SEQ ID NO:
  • the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37; for the 538C>T mutation of the GJB3 gene, the first primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the second primer is As shown in SEQ ID NO: 12, the
  • the second primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 16
  • the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40
  • the 589G>A mutation is directed to the SLC26A4 gene
  • the first primer is as SEQ ID NO: 17
  • the second primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18
  • the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 41
  • the 919-2A>G mutation against the SLC26A4 gene
  • the first primer is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 19
  • the second primer is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 20
  • the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 42
  • the first primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 21
  • the second primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 22
  • the extension primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 43
  • the 1226G>A mutation of the SLC26A4 gene the first primer is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 21, the second primer is set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and the extension primer is SEQ ID
  • the first primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, and the second primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO:
  • the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 47; for the 2027T>A mutation of the SLC26A4 gene, the first primer is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 25, and the second primer is as SEQ ID NO: : 26, the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 48; for the 21620T mutation of the SLC26A4 gene, the first bow is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 27, the second bow
  • the first substance is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 28, and the extension is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 49; for the 2168A>G mutation of the SLC26A4 gene, the first element is as SEQ ID NO: 27, the second bow is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 28, the extension primer is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 50, and the IVS15+5G>A mutation is directed to the SLC26A
  • Table 1 Amplification primers for the above 20 deafness gene mutation sites.
  • SEQ ID NO: 11 CCAACATCGTGGACTGCTAC Amplification Primer for Amplification Site 5380T
  • SEQ ID NO: 12 CCACCATGAAGTAGGTGAAG
  • the first primer (sometimes referred to as the upstream primer) and the second primer (sometimes referred to as the downstream primer).
  • the first primer of the amplification primer and the 5' end of the second primer may both have a tag sequence of 10 bases acgttggatg (SEQ ID NO: 53), the inventors found that By adopting the above-described tag sequence, the molecular weights of the above-described first primer and second primer can be made to be out of the detection range of the mass spectrometer, whereby the accuracy and efficiency of detection can be further improved.
  • Table 2 Extension primers for the above 20 deafness gene mutation sites.
  • the length of the amplification primer is about 30 bases, and the length of the extension primer is 17-28 bases. Further, the inventors have found that, based on the aforementioned primer combination, the molecular weight difference between the extended primer at different sites and the extension product, the extension product and the extension product is not less than 30D. The inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the primer combinations described above, it is possible to detect the listed mutation types very efficiently, and is suitable for simultaneously detecting a plurality of mutation types of a plurality of sites, according to an embodiment of the present invention, At the same time, the above 20 mutation types were accurately and quickly detected.
  • the method before the performing the oligonucleotide extension reaction, the method further comprises the step of treating the amplification product with alkaline phosphatase.
  • the amplified product with alkaline phosphatase, the dNTP remaining in the amplified product can be removed, whereby the efficiency of the subsequent extension reaction can be improved, and the mutation of the predetermined site in the DNA sample can be efficiently detected.
  • the extension product is subjected to molecular weight detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
  • the molecular weight of the extended product can be accurately and efficiently detected, and the inventors have surprisingly found that detection of a heterozygous or homozygous mutation in a DNA sample can be achieved by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
  • the step of purifying the extension product is further included prior to the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detection of the extension product.
  • the accuracy of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detection can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of detecting mutations at predetermined sites in the DNA sample.
  • the extension product is purified using an anionic resin.
  • the accuracy of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detection can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of detecting mutations at predetermined sites in the DNA sample.
  • the invention proposes a system for detecting a mutation in a predetermined site in a DNA sample.
  • the system for detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample comprises: a DNA sample amplification device, wherein the DNA sample amplification device is configured to perform PCR amplification on the DNA sample, so that Obtaining an amplification product, the amplification product comprising the predetermined site; an amplification product extension device, the amplification product extension device being coupled to the DNA sample amplification device for receiving from the DNA sample amplification device Amplifying the product, and subjecting the amplification product to an oligonucleotide extension reaction to obtain an extension product linking one base at the 3' end of the extension primer, wherein the 3' end of the extension primer is adjacent to the a predetermined molecular site; the molecular weight detecting device is coupled to the amplification product extension device to determine a molecular weight of the extension product; and
  • the above system for detecting a mutation in a predetermined site in a DNA sample may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the DNA sample amplification device is provided with an amplification primer pair, and the amplification product extension device is provided with an extension primer.
  • the DNA sample amplification device and the amplification product extension device are provided with an extension primer.
  • the mutation of the predetermined site is a mutation of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a GJB2 gene, a GJB3 gene, an SLC26A4 gene, and an mtDNA
  • the mutation of the GJB2 gene is selected from the group consisting of 35delG, 167delT, and 176.
  • the amplification primer comprises a first primer and a second primer, wherein for these mutations, the primer combinations listed in Table 1 and Table 2 can be used (described in detail above). I will not repeat them here).
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that Using the combination of the above, it is possible to detect the listed mutation types very efficiently.
  • the method further includes: an amplification product purification device, wherein the amplification product purification device is respectively connected to the DNA sample amplification device and the amplification product extension device, so as to the amplification product A purification treatment is performed, and the purified amplification product is input to the amplification product extension device.
  • the dNTP remaining in the amplified product can be removed, whereby the efficiency of the subsequent extension reaction can be improved, and the mutation of the pre-localization point in the DNA sample can be efficiently detected.
  • the molecular weight detecting device is a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer device.
  • extension product purification device further comprising an extension product purification device, wherein the extension product purification device is separately coupled to the amplification product extension device and the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer device to purify the extension product
  • the purified extension product is processed and fed to the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer.
  • the extension product purification device is an anion resin.
  • the invention proposes a kit for determining a mutation in a predetermined site in a DNA sample.
  • the kit comprises: an amplification primer pair, the amplification primer pair being adapted to perform a PCR amplification reaction on the DNA sample to obtain an amplification product, the amplification product comprising the a pre-localization point; and an extension primer, the extension product being adapted to utilize dd TP, using the amplification product as a template, performing an oligonucleotide extension reaction to obtain a base attached to the 3' end of the extension primer An extension product, wherein the 3' end of the extension primer is immediately adjacent to the predetermined site.
  • the prepared extension product can be effectively used for determining a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample, thereby carrying out a method of determining a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the kit for determining a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the mutation of the predetermined site is a mutation of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a GJB2 gene, a GJB3 gene, an SLC26A4 gene, and an mtDNA
  • the mutation of the GJB2 gene is selected from the group consisting of 35delG, 167delT, and 176.
  • the mutation of the GJB3 gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of 5380T and P547G>A
  • the mutation of the SLC26A4 gene is selected from the group consisting of 281C>T, 589G>A , 919-2A>G 1174A>T, 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C, 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G and at least one of IVS15+5G>A
  • the mutation of the mtDNA is selected from 14940T
  • the amplification primer comprises a first primer and a second primer
  • the amplification primer comprises a first primer and a second primer
  • the invention provides a method of diagnosing hereditary deafness.
  • the method comprises the steps of: extracting a DNA sample of a subject suspected of having hereditary deafness; and determining a predetermined site in the DNA sample according to the aforementioned method for determining a mutation at a predetermined site in the DNA sample Mutating for analysis; and determining that the subject has hereditary deafness based on a mutation in the DNA sample in which the predetermined site is present, wherein the mutation at the predetermined site is selected from the group consisting of a GJB2 gene, a GJB3 gene, a mutation of the SLC26A4 gene and at least one gene of mtDNA, wherein the mutation of the GJB2 gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of 35delG, 167delT, 176-191dell6, 299_300delAT, and 235delC, wherein the mutation of the GJ
  • the method for diagnosing hereditary deafness can effectively diagnose whether a subject belongs to hereditary deafness, and can assist in confirming the cause of deafness, and thus can adopt corresponding treatment and auxiliary measures for the cause.
  • the above method for diagnosing hereditary deafness may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the amplification primer comprises a first primer and a second primer, wherein, for the mutation, Primer combinations listed in Tables 1 and 2 can be used (described in detail above and will not be described again).
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the primer combinations described above, the listed mutation types can be detected very efficiently, Thereby, it is possible to efficiently determine whether the subject has hereditary deafness.
  • the invention provides a method of prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness.
  • the method for prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness comprises the steps of: isolating a fetal DNA sample; and determining a predetermined site in the fetal DNA sample according to the aforementioned method for determining a mutation at a predetermined site in the DNA sample Mutation is performed; and the fetus is presumed to have hereditary deafness based on a mutation in the fetal DNA sample in which the predetermined site is present, wherein the mutation at the predetermined site is selected from the group consisting of GJB2 gene, GJB3 gene, SLC26A4 a mutation of at least one gene of mtDNA, wherein the mutation of the GJB2 gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of 35delG, 167delT, 176-191 del 16 299 3 OOdel AT and 235delC
  • the method for diagnosing hereditary deafness can assist in estimating that the fetus has hereditary deafness, and can assist in confirming the cause of deafness, and accordingly can adopt corresponding treatment and auxiliary measures for the cause.
  • the amplification primer comprises a first primer and a second primer, wherein, for the aforementioned mutation, the primer combination listed in Table 1 and Table 2 can be used (described in detail above, This will not be repeated here).
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the primer combinations described above, it is possible to detect the listed mutation types very efficiently, and it can be inferred whether or not the fetus J L has hereditary deafness.
  • the fetal DNA is extracted from chorionic, amniotic fluid or cord blood of a pregnant woman.
  • the invention proposes a method of predicting the effect of an electronic cochlear.
  • the method for predicting an electrocochlear effect comprises the steps of: extracting a DNA sample of a deaf patient; and mutating a predetermined site in the DNA sample according to the method for determining a mutation at a predetermined site in the DNA sample as described above Performing an analysis; determining that the deaf patient has hereditary deafness based on a mutation in the DNA sample in which the predetermined site exists; and based on the deafness patient having hereditary deafness, predicting that the cochlear implant is effective for the deaf patient,
  • the mutation of the predetermined site is a mutation of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of GJB2 gene, GJB3 gene, SLC26A4 gene and mtDNA
  • the mutation of the GJB2 gene is selected from the group consisting of 35delG
  • At least one of the mutations of the GJB3 gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of 5380T and 547G>A
  • the mutation of the SLC26A4 gene is selected from the group consisting of 281C>T, 589G>A, 919-2A>G 1174A>T , 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C, 2027T>A, 2162C>T, 2168A>G and at least one of IVS15+5G>A
  • the mutation of the mtDNA is selected from 1494 T And at least one of 1555A>G.
  • the above method for predicting an electronic cochlear effect may have the following additional technical features:
  • the amplification primer comprises a first primer and a second primer, wherein, for the aforementioned mutation,
  • the combination of primers listed in Tables 1 and 2 (described in detail above has been described and will not be described herein).
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the primer combinations described above, the listed mutation types can be detected very efficiently, so that it is possible to efficiently estimate whether the fetus has hereditary deafness.
  • the present invention provides a kit, comprising: an amplification primer pair, wherein the amplification primer pair is adapted to perform a PCR amplification reaction on a DNA sample to obtain an amplification product And the amplification product comprises the extension site, and the extension product is adapted to utilize an ddNTP, the amplification product as a template, and an oligonucleotide extension reaction to obtain the extension primer
  • the 3' end is ligated to a base extension product, wherein the 3' end of the extension primer is immediately adjacent to the predetermined site, and the mutation at the predetermined site is selected from the group consisting of a GJB2 gene, a GJB3 gene, a SLC26A4 gene, and mtDNA.
  • the mutation of the GJB2 gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of 35delG, 167delT, 176-191dell6, 299_300delAT, and 235delC
  • the mutation of the GJB3 gene is selected from the group consisting of 5380T and 547G>A at least one
  • the mutation of the SLC26A4 gene is selected from the group consisting of 281C>T, 589G>A, 919-2A>G 1174A>T, 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C, 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G and At least one of IVS15+5G>A
  • the mutation of the mtDNA is at least one selected from the group consisting of: 14940T and 1555A>G
  • the amplification primer comprises a first primer and a second primer, wherein, for the aforementioned mutation, The combination of primers listed in Tables 1 and 2 (described
  • the kit may be used for at least one selected from the group consisting of diagnosing hereditary deafness, prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness, and predicting the effect of an electronic cochlear.
  • the aforementioned method for diagnosing hereditary deafness, prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness, and predicting the effect of the electronic cochlear according to the embodiment of the present invention can be effectively carried out.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 3-14 are mass spectrometric test results for detecting genetic deafness-related gene mutations in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second used in the present invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining “first”, “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Further, in the description of the present invention, “multiple” means two or more than two unless otherwise stated.
  • the present invention has been completed based on the following findings of the inventors: For a gene mutation at a known site, since the type of mutation is known, by detecting a specific length of the oligonucleotide sequence containing the known site The molecular weight of the molecular weight can be judged based on the value of the molecular weight to determine whether or not there is a mutation at the site, and the type of the mutation can be known by calculation.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting a mutation in a predetermined site in a DNA sample.
  • predetermined site refers to a target site for mutation analysis of a DNA sample, and generally refers to a site where the type of mutation at that site has been well studied and its function has been clarified.
  • mutation refers to a situation that differs from a wild-type DNA sequence, which may include insertions, substitutions, deletions of one or more bases, either point mutations or sequences. The overall change.
  • a method for detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample includes the following steps: S100: performing a PCR amplification reaction on a DNA sample using an amplification primer to obtain an amplification product,
  • the product of addition contains a predetermined site.
  • the source of the DNA sample which can be employed according to an embodiment of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the DNA sample that can be employed is human whole genome DNA.
  • a DNA sample containing a DNA fragment of a site to be detected can be used for detection, which can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the detection. For example, whole genome DNA in a biological sample can be first extracted, and then a DNA fragment containing a specific site can be obtained by a conventional separation method.
  • mutation of a predetermined site which can be studied by the method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the mutation of the predetermined site which can be detected by the method of the present invention is a mutation of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a human GJB2 gene, a GJB3 gene, an SLC26A4 gene, and mtDNA.
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by means of the method of the present invention, mutation sites in the above genes can be efficiently detected.
  • the mutation sites that can be detected and the common mutation types are any of those listed in Table 3 below:
  • c indicates the sequence of the reference cDNA, eg: c.235delC, indicating the 25th base of the cDNA sequence.
  • c.l76-191dell6 indicates the deletion of 16 bases from position 176 to position 191.
  • c.299_300delAT indicates the deletion of 2 bases ( ⁇ bases) from position 299 to position 300.
  • the above genes for human twins can be obtained by the NCBI request number.
  • the NCBI request number for human wild type GJB2 is NG_008358.1
  • the NCBI request number for GJB3 is NG_008309.1
  • the NCBI request number for SLC26A4 is NG_008489.1
  • the NCBI number for mtDNA mitochondriachondrial DNA is NC_012920.
  • GJB2 gene This gene is located in the autosomal 13qll-12 region.
  • the DNA is 4804__bp in length and contains two exons.
  • the coding region is 678 bp, which encodes the gap junction protein Connexin 26, which is composed of 266 amino acid residues. 2 protein, which is part of the potassium ion cycling pathway.
  • the GJB2 gene mutation is the most common cause of hereditary deafness. The deafness caused by GJB2 gene mutation is pre-lingual, bilateral, and symmetrical deafness.
  • the degree of hearing loss varies greatly, from mild to very severe, but most of them are severe or extremely severe. deaf.
  • the common GJB2 gene mutation types are mainly 235ddC, 299 300delAT, 176 191dell6, etc., which can account for more than 80% of the GJB2 gene mutation population. Details about the gene For a description, see Dai P, Yu F, Han B, et al. GJB2 mutation spectrum in 2,063 Chinese patients with nonsyndromic hearing imp ⁇ drment [J]. J Transl Med, 2009, 7:26, incorporated herein by reference. .
  • GJB3 gene This gene is located at 1 ⁇ 33- ⁇ 35 and has two exons encoding a 270-amino acid gap junction protein C 0 nn eX in 31. Mutations in the GJB3 gene can cause autosomal dominant or recessive hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss, which is thought to be associated with high frequency hearing loss. For a detailed description of the gene, see 3 ⁇ 4& JH, Liu CY, Tang BS, et al. Mutations in the gene encoding gap junction protein beta-3 associated with autosomal dominant hearing impairment. Nat ewet, 1998, 20: 370-373, This is incorporated herein by reference.
  • SLC26A4 gene Also known as PDS gene, this gene is located in the autosomal 7q31 region, contains 21 exons, and encodes a multi-transmembrane protein Pendrin consisting of 780 amino acid residues, belonging to the ion transporter family. Mainly related to iodine/chloride ion transport. Clinical manifestations of congenital or acquired deafness, deafness or exacerbation is related to trauma and cold.
  • Mitochondrial DNA genes Mitochondrial gene mutations are associated with drug-induced deafness caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics (AmAn). Mitochondrial gene mutations cause mitochondrial defects, affecting the lack of capacity of mitochondria in cochlear hair cells directly related to hearing, leading to cochlear Injury or death with vestibular cells. Mutations in the mitochondrial DNA gene are maternal inheritance, often occurring in early adulthood, manifesting as bilateral symmetry, sensorineural deafness with varying degrees of high-frequency hearing loss and varying degrees. The main sites of mitochondrial gene mutations are 1555A>G and 1494C>T.
  • 35delG mutation of GJB2 gene A corresponds to meta-analysis of carrier frequency.
  • Int J NG 008358 Medium Audiol.2009;48(6):363-70.
  • 235delC mutation site corresponds 3639th in the full length sequence in NG 008358
  • the 299_300delAT sudden change point corresponds to the 3693-3694 bit in the full length sequence of NG 008358
  • Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi point corresponds to Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Aug;28(4):383-6.
  • the 2168A>G mutation site corresponds to the 49498th position in the long sequence shown by NG 008489; mtDNA 1494C>T Zhao H, Li R, Wang Q, Yan Q, Deng JH, et 1494C>T mutation
  • Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA mutation NC 012920 is shown with both antibiotic-induced and full non-syndromic deafness. Nat Genet. 1993 1555;
  • the gene mutation related to deafness can be effectively detected, and further, the subject can be effectively predicted to have hereditary deafness, for example, can assist in diagnosing the cause of the deafness of the patient, and thus can be targeted.
  • the corresponding treatment plan is adopted.
  • DNA amplification can be carried out by any PCR method as long as the predetermined amplification site contains a predetermined site.
  • the primer pairs listed in Table 1 can be used as the first primer and the second primer, respectively, as amplification primers.
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the above-described amplification primers, amplification of a predetermined site can be efficiently achieved, and the efficiency and accuracy of detecting a mutation type can be effectively improved in the subsequent, so that the receptor can be efficiently determined. Whether the tester has hereditary deafness.
  • the first primer and the second primer 5' shown in Table 1 may each have a tag sequence of 10 bases acgttggatg (SEQ ID NO: 53), the inventors found that By adopting the above-described tag sequence, the molecular weights of the above-described first primer and second primer can be made to be out of the detection range of the subsequent mass spectrometry, whereby the accuracy and efficiency of detection can be further improved.
  • the extension primer and the ddNTP can be used, and the obtained amplification product is used as a template, and an oligonucleotide extension reaction is performed to obtain the 3′ end of the extension primer.
  • the 3' end of the extension primer is adjacent to the predetermined site.
  • the base corresponding to the 3' end of the obtained extension product contains mutation information of a predetermined site, and can be subsequently determined by molecular weight analysis whether the site has a mutation event, and the mutation event can be determined. Types of.
  • the amplification products described above can be subjected to the above oligonucleotide extension reaction by any known PCR method.
  • the above oligonucleotide extension reaction can be carried out using the primers listed in Table 2 as extension primers.
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the combination of the labels listed in Tables 1 and 2, the listed mutation types can be detected very efficiently.
  • the step of treating the obtained amplification product using a basic phosphatase may be further included before the oligonucleotide extension reaction.
  • the amplified product with alkaline phosphatase the dNTP remaining in the amplified product can be removed, whereby the efficiency of the subsequent extension reaction can be improved, and the mutation of the predetermined site in the DNA sample can be efficiently detected.
  • the extension product may be subjected to molecular weight detection to obtain the molecular weight of the extension product.
  • the molecular weight of the extension product can be detected by any known method.
  • the extension product is subjected to molecular weight detection by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry).
  • MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is a new type of soft ionization biomass developed in recent years. It consists of two parts: matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization ion source (MALDI) and time-of-flight mass analyzer (TOF).
  • the principle of MALDI is to use a laser to illuminate a eutectic film formed by a sample and a matrix.
  • the matrix absorbs energy from the laser and transmits it to the biomolecule.
  • the proton is transferred to or obtained from the biomolecule, and the biomolecule is ionized. process.
  • the principle of TOF is that ions accelerate through the flight pipeline under the action of electric field, and are detected according to the flight time of the arrival detector. That is, the mass-to-charge ratio (M/Z) of the measured ions is proportional to the flight time of the ions, and the ion is realized. Detection.
  • the step of purifying the extension product is further included prior to the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection of the extension product.
  • the accuracy of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detection can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of detecting mutations at predetermined sites in the DNA sample.
  • an anion resin pair is used.
  • the extension product is purified.
  • the accuracy of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detection can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of detecting mutations at predetermined sites in the DNA sample.
  • the type of mutation of the predetermined site is determined. Since the extension reaction is based on an amplification product containing a predetermined site, and the 3' end of the extension primer for performing the extension reaction is adjacent to the predetermined site, and dd TP is used as a raw material in the extension reaction, the extension can be ensured.
  • the reaction may extend only one base, that is, corresponding to a predetermined site, and there is a significant difference based on the molecular weight of each different base. Therefore, by detecting the molecular weight of the extension product, the molecular weight of the obtained extension product can be used.
  • Standard reference as used herein may be a molecular weight value obtained by performing a parallel test on a sample having a known mutation in advance.
  • the method according to an embodiment of the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
  • the reagents used are relatively simple and stable, and do not require expensive reagents such as fluorescent dyes and special enzymes;
  • reaction can be carried out in a trace system, reducing the use of samples and various consumables
  • Mass spectrometry technology also has the characteristics of automation, high-throughput detection, etc. Therefore, mass spectrometry technology combined with multi-primer extension technology can simultaneously detect multiple deafness mutation sites in one reaction system, combined with DNA automatic extraction equipment, multiple PCR primer design software and data analysis software greatly reduce workload, increase detection throughput, and reduce detection costs; (5) Compared with gene sequencing, it has the advantages of simple operation, accurate results, high throughput and low price.
  • the invention proposes a system for detecting a mutation in a predetermined site in a DNA sample.
  • the system 1000 for detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample includes: a DNA sample amplification device 100, an amplification product extension device 200, a molecular weight detection device 300, and a mutation analysis device. 400.
  • the DNA sample amplifying device 100 is for performing PCR amplification on a DNA sample to obtain an amplification product containing a predetermined site.
  • the DNA sample amplifying device 100 is provided with an extension pair, and the amplification product extension device is provided with an extension primer.
  • the DNA sample amplifying device 100 is not particularly limited, and it may be any device suitable for amplifying a DNA sample.
  • a known PCR device can be employed as the DNA sample amplifying device 100.
  • the amplification primer pair can be previously set in the DNA sample amplification device 100, whereby the operation can be facilitated.
  • One skilled in the art can determine the amplified primer sequences that can be employed based on the locus to be analyzed.
  • the mutation of the predetermined site is a mutation of at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a GJB2 gene, a GJB3 gene, an SLC26A4 gene, and an mtDNA
  • the mutation of the GJB2 gene is selected from the group consisting of 35delG, 167delT, and 176.
  • At least one of 191dell6, 299_300delAT and 235delC wherein the mutation of the GJB3 gene is at least one selected from the group consisting of 5380T and 547G>A, and the mutation of the SLC26A4 gene is selected from the group consisting of 281C>T, 589G>A, 919- 2A>G 1174A>T, 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C, 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G and at least one of IVS15+5G>A, and the mutation of the mtDNA is selected from 14940T and 1555A> At least one of G.
  • the combination of primers listed in Tables 1 and 2 (described in detail above, which will not be described herein) can be used as the amplification pair.
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the listed mutant types can be detected very efficiently by using the primer combinations described above.
  • the term "connected” as used in the present invention should be understood broadly, and it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through a medium as long as a functional connection can be achieved.
  • the amplification product extension device 300 is connected to the DNA sample amplification device 100 so as to
  • the DNA sample amplification device 100 receives the amplification product, and performs an oligonucleotide extension reaction on the amplification product to obtain The 3' end of the extension primer is joined to an extension product of one base, wherein the 3' end of the extension primer is immediately adjacent to the predetermined site.
  • an amplification product purification device (not shown) may be further included, and the amplification product purification device may be connected to the DNA sample amplification device 100 and the amplification product extension device 200, respectively, so as to expand The product is subjected to purification treatment, and the purified amplification product is input to the amplification product extension device 200. Thereby, the d TP remaining in the amplified product can be removed, whereby the efficiency of the subsequent extension reaction can be improved, and further, the mutation of the predetermined site in the DNA sample can be efficiently detected.
  • the molecular weight detecting device 300 may be coupled to the amplification product extension device 200 to determine the molecular weight of the extension product.
  • the molecular weight detecting device is a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer device.
  • the molecular weight of the extended product can be accurately and efficiently detected, and the inventors have surprisingly found that detection of heterozygous or homozygous mutations in the sample can be achieved even by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
  • an extension product purification device (not shown) is further included.
  • the extension product purification apparatus may be coupled to the amplification product extension apparatus 200 and the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer apparatus 300, respectively, to purify the extension product, and to input the purified extension product to the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer apparatus.
  • the accuracy of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detection can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of detecting mutations at predetermined sites in the DNA sample.
  • the extension product purification device is an anion resin. Thereby, the accuracy of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detection can be further improved, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of detecting mutations at predetermined sites in the DNA sample.
  • the mutation analyzing device 400 may be connected to the molecular weight detecting device 300 to determine the type of mutation of the predetermined site based on the molecular weight of the obtained extension product.
  • the mutation analysis device 400 can be compared with a standard reference by comparing the molecular weight of the extension product with a standard reference to determine whether or not there is a mutation and a type of mutation.
  • standard reference as used herein may be a molecular weight value obtained by performing a parallel test on a sample having a known mutation in advance.
  • the mutation analysis device 400 can also be adapted to perform various statistical test analyses to achieve a more accurate and accurate analysis.
  • a method of detecting a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample according to an embodiment of the present invention can be effectively carried out, thereby effectively determining a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample.
  • the functions of the above-mentioned respective devices can be completed in the same container as long as the above functions can be realized.
  • a method of determining a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample can be applied to various detections related to gene mutation. For example, mutation types of mutants constructed in the laboratory can be effectively detected.
  • the above method can also be applied to a method for diagnosing hereditary deafness, a method for prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness, and a method for prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness.
  • the present invention provides a method of diagnosing hereditary deafness.
  • a method of diagnosing hereditary deafness comprises the steps of: extracting a DNA sample of a subject suspected of having hereditary deafness; and according to the aforementioned method for determining a mutation at a predetermined site in a DNA sample, the DNA Mutation of a predetermined site in the sample is analyzed; and the subject is determined to have hereditary deafness based on a mutation in the DNA sample in which the predetermined site is present, wherein the mutation at the predetermined site is as shown in Table 3. At least one of the listed mutations.
  • the method for diagnosing hereditary deafness can effectively diagnose whether a subject is hereditary deafness, and can assist in confirming the cause of deafness, and can accordingly adopt corresponding treatment and auxiliary measures for the cause.
  • the type of the DNA sample that can be employed is not particularly limited, and the whole genome DNA of the subject may be employed, or a DNA fragment derived from a specific gene may be employed, and the specific gene referred to herein refers to It is a deafness related gene.
  • the primer combinations listed in Tables 1 and 2 can be used (the foregoing has been described in detail, and will not be described herein).
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the primer combinations described above, the listed mutation types can be detected very efficiently, so that it is possible to efficiently determine whether the subject has hereditary deafness.
  • the primer combinations described above the listed mutation types can be detected very efficiently, so that it is possible to efficiently determine whether the subject has hereditary deafness.
  • the present invention proposes a method of prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness.
  • the method for prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness comprises the steps of: isolating a fetal DNA sample; determining a predetermined DNA sample according to the foregoing a method of mutating a site, analyzing a mutation at a predetermined site in the fetal DNA sample; and determining that the fetus has hereditary deafness based on a mutation in the fetal DNA sample in which the predetermined site is present, wherein The mutation at the predetermined site is at least one of the mutations listed in Table 3.
  • the method for diagnosing hereditary deafness can assist in estimating that the fetus has hereditary deafness, and can assist in confirming the cause of deafness, and thus can adopt corresponding treatment and auxiliary measures for the cause.
  • the primer combinations listed in Tables 1 and 2 can be used (described in detail above and will not be described herein).
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the primer combinations described above, the listed mutation types can be detected very efficiently, so that it is possible to speculate whether the fetus has hereditary deafness.
  • the type of the DNA sample that can be used is not particularly limited, and the whole genome DNA of the fetus may be used, or a DNA fragment containing a specific gene derived from the fetus may be used, and the specific gene referred to herein refers to It is a deafness related gene.
  • the source of fetal genomic DNA is not particularly limited.
  • fetal whole genomic DNA is extracted from chorionic, amniotic fluid or cord blood of a pregnant woman.
  • a free DNA derived from a fetus can be separated from a peripheral blood of a pregnant woman as a DNA sample for performing deafness-related detection.
  • the present invention also provides a method of predicting an effect of an electronic cochlear.
  • the method for predicting an electrocochlear effect comprises the steps of: extracting a DNA sample of a deaf patient; and mutating a predetermined site in the DNA sample according to the method for determining a mutation at a predetermined site in the DNA sample as described above Performing an analysis; determining that the deaf patient has hereditary deafness based on a mutation in the DNA sample in which the predetermined site exists; and based on the deafness patient having hereditary deafness, predicting that the cochlear implant is effective for the deaf patient, Wherein the mutation of the predetermined site is at least one of the mutations listed in Table 3.
  • an electronic cochlear implant can be used to assist a deaf patient to obtain hearing by determining the cause of the deafness patient.
  • the primer combinations listed in Tables 1 and 2 can be used (described in detail above and will not be described again).
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that by using the combination of primers described above, it is possible to detect the listed mutation types very efficiently, thereby predicting whether a deaf patient has a residual spiral ganglion so that the disease is not treated.
  • Using an electronic cochlea to bypass the damaged hair cells directly using the current to stimulate the auditory nerve to reconstruct the hearing.
  • the type of the DNA sample that can be used is not particularly limited, and the whole genome DNA of the fetus may be used, or a DNA fragment containing a specific gene derived from the fetus may be used, and the specific gene referred to herein refers to It is a deafness related gene.
  • the invention also proposes a kit, comprising: an amplification primer pair and an extension primer.
  • the amplification primer pair is adapted to perform a PCR amplification reaction on the DNA to obtain an amplification product comprising a predetermined site, and the extension product is suitable for using the ddNTP, using the obtained amplification product as a template.
  • An oligonucleotide extension reaction to obtain an extension product linking one base at the 3' end of the extension primer, wherein the 3' end of the extension primer is immediately adjacent to the predetermined site, and the mutation of the predetermined site is a table At least one of the mutations listed in 3.
  • the primer combinations listed in Tables 1 and 2 can be used as the amplification primer pair and the extension primer, respectively.
  • the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that an extended product prepared by using the above-described primer combination can be used very effectively for detecting the type of mutation listed, so that hereditary deafness can be efficiently determined.
  • the kit for detecting a mutation in a predetermined site in a DNA sample, diagnosing hereditary deafness, prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness, and predicting electrons according to an embodiment of the present invention can be effectively carried out by using the kit.
  • the method of cochlear effect can be effectively carried out by using the kit.
  • the invention also proposes a set of primer combinations that can be used in the kits described above. Using this primer combination, it is possible to efficiently detect mutations at predetermined sites in DNA samples, diagnose hereditary deafness, prenatal diagnosis of hereditary deafness, and methods for predicting the effects of electronic cochlear implants.
  • 1 primer design According to the selected 20-point mutation site of the deafness gene to be detected and/or typed, including 4 genes, namely: GJB2 gene (including sites 35delG, 167delT, 176-191dell6, 299_300delAT and 235delC), GJB3 gene ( Included sites 538C>T and 547G>A), SLC26A4 gene (including site 281C>T, 589G>A, 919-2A>G 1174A>T, 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C, 2027T>A 2162C> T 2168A>G and IVS15+5G>A) 1494C>T and 1555A>G with mtDNA.
  • GJB2 gene including sites 35delG, 167delT, 176-191dell6, 299_300delAT and 235delC
  • GJB3 gene Included sites 538C>T and 547G>A
  • the amplification pair and the extension primer are designed, wherein the amplification primer is about 30 bases in length, and the amplification primer has 10 bases at the 5' end acgttggatg.
  • the tag sequence; the extension primer is 17-28 bases in length, allowing 1-5 bases at the 5' end to be incompletely paired with the template, and the 3' terminal base and the 3' end adjacent base of the mutation site Exact match.
  • the molecular weight difference between the extended primer at different sites and the extension product, the extension product and the extension product is not less than 30D.
  • the amplification primers designed for the above 20 deafness gene mutation sites of the present invention are shown in Table 1 (the tag sequence acgttggatg is carried out at the 5' end of the first sequence and the second sequence), and the extension primers are shown in Table 2.
  • DNAODNA was extracted from water as template DNA using a whole blood genomic DNA extraction kit, and the concentration was uniformly adjusted to 50 ng/cm.
  • the PCR amplification product of the target sequence is obtained by PCR amplification. See Table 4 for the PCR amplification reaction system. Among them, all reagents were purchased from Sequenom, USA, and the PCR instrument was GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 Dual 384-Well Sample Block Module o
  • the PCR reaction conditions were 94 ° C for 2 minutes; denaturation at 94 ° C for 20 seconds, annealing at 56 ° C for 30 seconds, and extension at 72 ° C for 1 minute.
  • the sex control is normal human genomic DNA of known sequence and the negative control is sterile double distilled water.
  • the dNTP contained in the amplification product obtained in the step 3 was removed by the SAP enzyme (shrimp alkaline phosphatase) treatment to ensure that only one base was extended in the extension reaction.
  • SAP enzyme reaction system is shown in Table 5 below. All reagents were purchased from Sequenom, USA, and the PCR instrument was a GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 Dual 384-Well Sample Block Module.
  • SAP enzyme and SAP enzyme buffer were from iPLEX® Gold Reagent Kit 384.
  • the SAP enzyme reaction conditions were incubated at 37 ° C for 40 minutes to remove the remaining dNTPs in the PCR amplification reaction; incubation at 85 ° C for 5 minutes to inactivate the SAP enzyme.
  • an extension product was obtained by linking one base at the 3' end of the extension primer by an extension reaction.
  • the material used in the extension reaction is a mass-modified ddNTP, which ensures that the extension reaction is linked to only one base and the resolution of the entire system is improved.
  • the extension reaction system is shown in Table 6. All reagents were purchased from Sequenom, USA, and the PCR instrument was GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 Dual 384-Well Sample Block Module
  • iPLEX enzyme iPLEX ddNTP mixture and iPLEX buffer come from iPLEX® Gold Reagent Kit
  • extension primer mixture is linearly adjusted according to the molecular weight of each primer (i.e., the amount of each primer is calculated according to the molecular weight of each extension primer) to achieve an optimal extension reaction, and an optimal mass spectrum peak map is obtained.
  • the extension reaction conditions were 94 ° C for 30 seconds; denaturation at 94 ° C for 5 seconds, annealing at 52 ° C for 5 seconds, extension at 80 ° C for 5 seconds, a total of 40 cycles of amplification, and annealing and extension in each cycle. A small cycle; finally extended at 72 ° C for 3 minutes.
  • the extension product obtained in the step 5 was purified using a resin (Model 08040, purchased from Sequenom, USA). Add 6 mg of resin to the extended product, 18.00 ⁇ l of water, and shake vertically for 40 min. After the reaction in this step, the resin is sufficiently combined with the cation in the reaction system to desalinate the reaction system.
  • the purified product after completion of the reaction can be stored at 4 ° C for several days or at -20 ° C for several weeks. After the obtained purified product was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 minutes, the supernatant was taken directly for mass spectrometry.
  • the extended product from step 6 was transferred to a 384-well spectroCHIP lI chip by a spotter (model MassARRAYNanodispenser RSlOOO, purchased from Sequenom, USA), and the chip matrix was co-crystallized with the product on a Sequenom MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer ( The mass spectrometry was performed on the MassARRAY Analyzer Compact, purchased from Sequenom, USA, to determine the genotype of the mutation site to be detected.
  • Figure 3 shows the results of detection of the test sample site 299_300ddAT using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:36.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected 3 ⁇ 4 at the molecular weight of 6545.3, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type by analysis (the sample was derived from a normal person), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 6545.3 and 6561.3, which were confirmed by analysis to be heterozygous deletion mutations (samples were derived from clinical samples 1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Fig. 3-1 the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected 3 ⁇ 4 at the molecular weight of 6545.3, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type by analysis (the sample was derived from a normal person), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Fig. 3-2 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 6561.3, which was confirmed to be a homozygous deletion mutation (sample derived from clinical sample 2), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 4 shows the results of detection of test sample site 2810T using extension primer SEQ ID NO:40.
  • a peak was detected at a molecular weight of 6121 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type C by analysis (sample source is the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 6121 and 6200.9, which were confirmed by analysis to be heterozygous CT (samples were derived from clinical sample 3). The result is consistent with the actual situation.
  • Figure 5 shows the results of detection of the test sample site 1229 T using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:41.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected a peak at a molecular weight of 7053.6, which was confirmed to be wild-type C by analysis (sample source is the same as the sample source of Figure 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Fig. 5-2 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 7053.6 and 7133.5, and the peaks were confirmed to be heterozygous CT (samples were derived from clinical sample 4), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 6 shows the results of detection of the test sample site IVS15+5G>A using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:46.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected a peak at a molecular weight of 7961.3, which was confirmed to be a wild type G by analysis (the sample source is the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrum detection detected peaks at molecular weights of 7961.3 and 8041.2, and the peaks were confirmed to be heterozygous GA by analysis (samples were derived from clinical sample 5), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 7 shows the results of testing the test sample site 2168A > G using the extension SEQ ID NO:50.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 7413.7, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type A by analysis (the source of the sample was the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Fig. 7-2 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 7333.8 and 7413.7, and the peaks were confirmed to be heterozygous AGs (samples were derived from clinical samples 6), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 8 shows the results of detection of the test sample site 1494 T using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:51.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 5925.9, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type C by analysis (the sample source is the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected a peak at a molecular weight of 6005.8, which was confirmed to be a homozygous mutation T (sample derived from clinical sample 7), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • the selected 14 mutations of the deafness gene to be detected and/or typed distributed in 3 genes, namely: GJB2 gene (including sites 299_300delAT and 235delC), SLC26A4 gene (including site 281C>T 919-2 A>G, 1174A>T, 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C, 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G and IVS15+5G>A) 1494 T and 1555A>G with mtDNA.
  • the amplification primers designed for the above 14 deafness gene mutation sites designed in the present invention are selected from the amplification primers designed in Example 1 (see Table 7).
  • the extension primers designed for the above 14 deafness gene mutation sites designed in the present invention are selected from the extension primers designed in Example 1 (see Table 8).
  • Table 7 3 broadly amplified primers for the above 14 deafness gene mutation sites.
  • Amplification primer for amplification site 235delC acgttggatgACTTCCCCATCTCCCACATC
  • Amplification primer for amplification site 2810T acgttggatgACCAGAACTCTCAATCTGCC
  • acgttggatgCAGAAAACCAGAACCTTACC Amplified agttggatgACGTTCCCAAAGTGCCAATC primer for amplification sites 1975G>C and 2027T>A acgttggatgGACAACATTAGAAAGGACAC Expanded agttggatgGATTTCACTTGGTTCTGTAG primer for amplification site 2162C>T and 2168A>G
  • Amplification primer for amplification site 14940T acgttggatgGGGGTTTTAGTTAAATGTCC
  • Table 8 Extension primers for the above 14 deafness gene mutation sites.
  • Figure 9 shows the results of detection of the test sample site 235ddC using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:37.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 5449.6, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type C by analysis (the sample source was the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Fig. 9-2 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 5449.6 and 5529.5, which were confirmed by analysis to be heterozygous deletion mutations (samples were derived from clinical sample 8), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 10 shows the results of detection of test sample site 1226G > A using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:44.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 5304.5, which was confirmed to be a wild type G by analysis (the source of the sample is the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 5288.5 and 5304.5, which were confirmed by analysis to be heterozygous GA (samples derived from clinical sample 9), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 11 shows the results of detection of the test sample site 2027T > A using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:48.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 5355.5, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type G by analysis (the sample source is the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 5355.5 and 5411.4, which were confirmed by analysis to be heterozygous GA (samples derived from clinical sample 10), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 12 shows the results of detection of test sample site 1555A > G using extension primer SEQ ID NO:52.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 6394.1, which was confirmed to be wild type A by analysis (sample source is the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 6314.2, and the peak was confirmed to be a mutant homozygous G (the sample was derived from a clinical sample). The sample source of this 11), the results are consistent with the actual.
  • the deafness gene to be detected and/or typed distributed in three genes, namely: GJB2 gene (including site 235delC;), SLC26A4 gene (including site 919-2A> G) 14940T with mtDNA and 1555A>G.
  • GJB2 gene including site 235delC;
  • SLC26A4 gene including site 919-2A> G
  • 14940T with mtDNA and 1555A>G For the amplification primers designed for the above four deafness gene mutation sites designed in the present invention, see Table 9, and the extension primers are shown in Table 10.
  • Table 9 Amplification primers for the above four deafness gene mutation sites.
  • Table 10 Extension primers for the above four deafness gene mutation sites.
  • Figure 13 shows the results of detection of test sample site 919-2A > G using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:42.
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 5825.7, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type A by analysis (the source of the sample was the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Fig. 13-2 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected peaks at molecular weights of 5745.8 and 5825.7, and the peaks were confirmed to be heterozygous AGs by analysis, and the results were in agreement with reality.
  • Fig. 13-1 the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 5825.7, and the peak was confirmed to be wild type A by analysis (the source of the sample was the same as the sample source of Fig. 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Fig. 13-2 MALDI-
  • the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection detected a peak at a molecular weight of 5745.8, and the peak was confirmed by analysis to confirm the homozygous G (sample derived from clinical sample 13), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • Figure 14 shows the results of detection of the test sample site 1555A > G using the extension primer SEQ ID NO:52.
  • MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected a peak at a molecular weight of 6394.1, which was confirmed to be wild-type A by analysis (sample source is the same as the sample source of Figure 3-1), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry detected a peak at a molecular weight of 6314.2, which was confirmed by analysis to be a homozygous mutation G (sample derived from clinical sample 13), and the results were consistent with the actual results.
  • the description of the terms “one embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “example”, “specific example”, or “some examples” and the like means a specific feature described in connection with the embodiment or example.
  • a structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention.
  • the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example.
  • the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

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Abstract

本发明提供了检测DNA样品中预定位点的突变的引物、试剂盒、方法及应用。检测DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法包括以下步骤:使用扩增引物对DNA样品进行PCR扩增反应;使用延伸引物以及ddNTP,以扩增产物为模板,进行寡核苷酸延伸反应,以便获得在延伸引物的3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物;以及基于延伸产物的分子量,确定预定位点的突变类型。

Description

检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的试剂盒、 方法及应用 技术领域
本发明涉及检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的试剂盒、 引物组合、 方法及应用。
背景技术
在特定位点形成突变是分子生物学实验中常用的研究手段, 可以有助于分析特定位点的 点突变对于基因功能的作用。 通常而言, 在构建了目标突变体后, 如何对该位点是否正确发 生了突变, 是本领域技术人员所面临的问题。
然而, 目前分子生物学领域中, 对于特定位点突变的检测仍有待改进。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。 为此, 本发明的一个目的在于提 出一种能够有效检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法。
根据本发明的第一方面, 本发明提出了一种检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法。 根据本发明的实施例, 该方法包括以下步骤: 使用扩增引物对所述 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增 反应, 以便获得扩增产物, 所述扩增产物包含所述预定位点; 使用延伸引物以及 dd TP, 以 所述扩增产物为模板, 进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便获得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱 基的延伸产物, 其中, 所述延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预定位点; 对所述延伸产物进行分子量 检测, 以便获得所述延伸产物的分子量; 以及基于所述延伸产物的分子量, 确定所述预定位 点的突变类型。 由于延伸反应是以包含预定位点的扩增产物为模板, 并且进行延伸反应的延 伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预定位点,并且在进行延伸反应时使用 ddNTP作为原料,因而可以保 证延伸反应可以仅延伸一个碱基, 即对应预定的位点, 基于各个不同碱基的分子量存在较为 显著的区别, 因而, 通过对延伸产物的分子量进行检测, 可以通过所获得的延伸产物的分子 量, 来确定在预定位点是否发生了突变, 以及所发生突变的类型。 由此, 可以广泛应用于分 子生物领域, 例如检测是否成功构建了相应的突变体。
根据本发明的实施例, 上述检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法还可以具有下列附 加技术特征:
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述 DNA样品为人全基因组 DNA。 由此, 可以有效地对人 类中的基因突变进行检测。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4 基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变。 由此, 可以有效地检测与耳聋相关的基因突变。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、
299_300delAT和 235delC的至少一种,所述 GJB3基因的突变为选自位点 5380T和 547G>A 的 ^少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一 种, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选自 1494 T和 1555A>G的至少一种。 由此, 可以有效地 检测遗传性耳聋相关的基因突变。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述扩增弓 I物包括第一弓 I物和第二弓 I物,其中,针对所述 GJB2 基因的 35ddG突变,所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 1所示,所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 2所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 33所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 167delT突变, 所 述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 3所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 4所示, 所述延伸引 物为如 SEQ ID NO: 34所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 176-191dell6突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 5所示,所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 6所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 35所示;针对所述 GJB2基因的 299_300delAT突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 7所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 8戶; f示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 36所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 235delC突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 9所示,所述第二弓 |物为如 SEQ ID NO: 10所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 37所示; 针对所述 GJB3基因的 538C>T 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 11所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 12所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 38所示; 针对所述 GJB3基因的 547G>A突变, 所述第一引 物为如 SEQ ID NO: 13所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 14所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 39所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 2810T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 15所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 16所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 40 所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 589G>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 17所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 18所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 41所示; 针对所 述 SLC26A4基因的 919-2A>G突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 19所示, 所述第二引 物为如 SEQ ID NO: 20所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 42所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4 基因的 1174A>T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 43所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1226G>A 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 44所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 12290T突变, 所述第 一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 45所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1975G>C突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 47所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 2027T>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 48所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 21620T突变, 所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示, 所述第 二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示,所述延伸弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 49所示;针对所述 SLC26A4 基因的 2168A>G突变, 所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示, 所述第二弓 |物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 50所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 IVS15+5G>A 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 23所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 24所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 46所示; 针对所述 mtDNA基因的 14940T突变, 所述第 一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 29所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 30所示, 所述延伸引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 51所示; 以及针对所述 mtDNA基因的 1555 A>G突变, 所述第一引物为 如 SEQ ID NO: 31所示,所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 32所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 52所示。
为方便表述, 将上述引物组合分别总结与下表 1和 2中。
表 1 : 针对上述 20个耳聋基因突变位点的扩增引物。
序列编号 * 引物序列 5' 3'** 引物说明
SEQ ID NO: l AGATCTTTCCAATGCTGGTG
用于扩增位点 35delG的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:2 AGAGTAGAAGATGGATTGGG
SEQ ID NO:3 AAAGGAGGTGTGGGGAGATG 用于扩增位点 167delT的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:4 GATCGTAGCACACGTTCTTG
SEQ ID N0 5 AGGCCGACTTTGTCTGCAAC 用于扩增位点 176 191dell6的扩增引
SEQ ID NO:6 TGGGAGATGGGGAAGTAGTG 物
SEQ ID NO:7 CTTCGATGCGGACCTTCTG 用于扩增位点 299 300delAT的扩增引
SEQ ID NO:8 CTCCTAGTGGCCATGCACG 物
SEQ ID NO:9 TGGCGTGGACACGAAGATCA
用于扩增位点 235delC的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO: 10 ACTTCCCCATCTCCCACATC
SEQ ID NO: 11 CCAACATCGTGGACTGCTAC 用于扩增位点 5380T的扩增引物 SEQ ID NO: 12 CCACCATGAAGTAGGTGAAG
SEQ ID NO: 13 CCACCATGAAGTAGGTGAAG
用于扩增位点 547G>A的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO: 14 CAACATCGTGGACTGCTACA
SEQ ID NO: 15 TAGTGACGTCATTTCGGGAG
用于扩增位点 281C>T的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO: 16 ACCAGAACTCTCAATCTGCC
SEQ ID NO: 17 CTTGTAAGTTCATTACCTG
用于扩增位点 589G>A的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO: 18 TAGAGATACAGCTAGAGTCC
SEQ ID NO: 19 CCAGGTTGGCTCCATATGAA
用于扩增位点 919-2A>G的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:20 CCAATGGAGTTTTTAACATC
SEQ ID NO:21 CCAGTCTCTTCCTTAGGAAT 用于扩增位点 1174A>T、 1226G>A和
SEQ ID NO:22 GTTCCTACCTGTGTCTTTCC 1229C>T的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:23 AGAAAACAAATTTCTAGGG 用于扩增位点 IVS15+5G>A的扩增引
SEQ ID NO:24 TTCTATGGCAATGTCGATGG 物
SEQ ID NO:25 CAGAAAACCAGAACCTTACC 用于扩增位点 1975G>C禾 P 2027T>A
SEQ ID NO:26 ACGTTCCCAAAGTGCCAATC 的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:27 GACAACATTAGAAAGGACAC 用于扩增位点 2162C>T和 2168A>G
SEQ ID NO:28 GATTTCACTTGGTTCTGTAG 的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:29 TACGATAGCCCTTATGAAAC
用于扩增位点 14940T的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:30 GGGGTTTTAGTTAAATGTCC
SEQ ID NO:31 AGCTCAGAGCGGTCAAGTTA
用于扩增位点 1555A>G的扩增引物
SEQ ID NO:32 CTAAAACCCCTACGCATTTA
*: 对于每 一水
物) 的第一引物 (有时也称为上游引物)和第二引物 (有时也称为下游引物)。
**:根据本发明的一个实施例, 在扩增引物的第一引物和第二引物 5'端还可以都具有 10 个碱基 acgttggatg (SEQ ID NO: 53 ) 的标签序列, 发明人发现, 通过采用上述标签序列, 可 以使得上述第一引物和第二引物的分子量不在质谱的检测范围内, 由此, 能够进一步提高检 测的精确度和效率。
表 2: 针对上述 20个耳聋基因突变位点的延伸引物。
序列编号 引物序列 引物说明
SEQ ID NO:33 TTTGTTCACACCCCC 位点 35delG的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:34 gggcCTTTGTCTGCAACACCC 位点 167delT的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:35 ctccGCAACACCCTGCAGCCAG 位点 176_191dell6的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:36 gcTGAACTTCCTCTTCTTCTC 位点 299_300delAT的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:37 ggATCCTGCTATGGGCC 位点 235delC的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:38 ccctaGTGGACTGCTACATTGCC 位点 538 T的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:39 ctgcAGTAGGTGAAGATTTTCTTCT 位点 547G>A的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:40 GTCATTTCGGGAGTTAGTA 位点 2810T的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:41 CTTGTAAGTTCATTACCTGTATAATTC 位点 589G>A的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:42 GCAGTAGCAATTATCGTC 位点 919-2A>G的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:43 GCCTTTGGGATCAGC 位点 1174A>T的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:44 CACCACTGCTCTTTCCC 位点 1226G>A的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:45 ttCCACCACTGCTCTTTCCCCCA 位点 12290T的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:46 AAAACAAATTTCTAGGGATAAAATA 位点 IVS15+5G>A的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:47 CTCCACAGTCAAGCA 位点 1975G>C的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:48 AGAACCTTACCACCCGC 位点 2027T>A的延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:49 CAGAGTATAGCATCAAGGACC 位点 2162C>T的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:50 TCTGTAGATAGAGTATAGCATCA 位点 2168A>G的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:51 CGTACACACCGCCCGTCAC 位点 14940T的延伸引物
SEQ ID NO:52 ACTTACCATGTTACGACTTG 位点 1555A>G的延伸引物
如表 1和表 2所示,扩增弓 I物的长度为大约 30个碱基,延伸引物的长度为 17-28个碱基。 另外, 发明人发现, 基于前述引物组合, 不同位点的延伸引物与延伸产物、 延伸产物与延伸 产物间的分子量差异不小于 30D。 本发明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合, 能 够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型, 并且适于同时检测多个位点的多种突变类型, 根据本 发明的实施例, 可以同时对上述 20种突变类型进行精确快速地检测。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 在进行所述寡核苷酸延伸反应之前, 进一步包括: 使用碱性 磷酸酶对所述扩增产物进行处理的步骤。 由此, 通过碱性磷酸酶对扩增产物进行处理, 可以 除去扩增产物中残存的 dNTP, 从而可以提高后续延伸反应的效率, 进而能够实现高效地检 测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变。
根据本发明的一个实施例,通过 MALDI-TOF质谱检测对所述延伸产物进行分子量检测。 由此, 能够精确、 高效地对延伸产物进行分子量检测, 发明人惊奇地发现通过 MALDI-TOF 质谱检测甚至可以实现对 DNA样品中杂合突变或纯合突变的检测。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 在对所述延伸产物进行 MALDI-TOF质谱检测之前, 进一步 包括对所述延伸产物进行纯化的步骤。 由此, 可以进一步提高 MALDI-TOF质谱检测的精确 度, 从而提高检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的效率和精确度。
根据本发明的具体示例, 利用阴离子树脂对所述延伸产物进行纯化。 由此, 能够更进一 步提高 MALDI-TOF质谱检测的精确度, 从而提高检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的效率 和精确度。
根据本发明的第二方面, 本发明提出了一种用于检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系 统。 根据本发明的实施例, 该用于检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系统包括: DNA样品 扩增装置, 所述 DNA样品扩增装置, 用于对所述 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增, 以便获得扩增 产物, 所述扩增产物包含所述预定位点; 扩增产物延伸装置, 所述扩增产物延伸装置与所述 DNA样品扩增装置相连, 以便从所述 DNA样品扩增装置接收扩增产物, 并且对所述扩增产 物进行寡核苷酸延伸反应,以便获得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物,其中, 所述延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预定位点; 分子量检测装置, 所述分子量检测装置与所述扩增 产物延伸装置相连, 以便确定所述延伸产物的分子量; 以及突变分析装置, 所述突变分析装 置基于所述延伸产物的分子量, 确定所述预定位点的突变类型。 利用该系统, 能够有效地实 施根据本发明实施例的检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法,从而有效地确定 DNA样品 中预定位点的突变。
根据本发明的实施例, 上述检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系统还可以具有下列附 加技术特征:
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述 DNA样品扩增装置内设置有扩增引物对, 所述扩增产 物延伸装置内设置有延伸引物。 由此, 便于 DNA样品扩增装置和扩增产物延伸装置分别对 DNA样品进行扩增, 和进行寡核苷酸延伸反应。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4 基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变, 所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT禾 P 235delC 的至少一种, 所述 GJB3 基因的突变为选自位点 5380T禾 P 547G>A的至少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选自 14940T和 1555A>G的至少一 种, 所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物, 其中, 针对这些突变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中 所列出的引物组合 (前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。 本发明的发明人¾奇地发现通过 使用上述的弓 I物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 进一步包括: 扩增产物净化装置, 所述扩增产物净化装置分 别与所述 DNA样品扩增装置和所述扩增产物延伸装置相连, 以便对所述扩增产物进行净化 处理, 并将经过净化的扩增产物输入至所述扩增产物延伸装置。 由此, 可以除去扩增产物中 残存的 dNTP,从而可以提高后续延伸反应的效率,进而能够实现高效地检测 DNA样品中预 定位点的突变。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述分子量检测装置为 MALDI-TOF质谱装置。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 进一步包括延伸产物纯化装置, 其中, 所述延伸产物纯化装 置分别与所述扩增产物延伸装置和所述 MALDI-TOF质谱装置相连, 以便对所述延伸产物进 行纯化处理, 并将经过纯化的延伸产物输入至所述 MALDI-TOF质谱装置。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述延伸产物纯化装置为阴离子树脂。
根据本发明的第三方面, 本发明提出了一种用于确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的试 剂盒。根据本发明的实施例, 该试剂盒包括: 扩增引物对, 所述扩增引物对适于对所述 DNA 样品进行 PCR扩增反应, 以便获得扩增产物, 所述扩增产物包含所述预定位点; 以及延伸引 物, 所述延伸产物适于利用 dd TP, 以所述扩增产物为模板, 进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便 获得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物, 其中, 所述延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述 预定位点。 利用该试剂盒, 所制备的延伸产物, 可以有效地用于确定 DNA样品中预定位点 的突变, 从而实施根据本发明实施例的确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法。
根据本发明的实施例, 上述用于确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的试剂盒还可以具有 下列附加技术特征:
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4 基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变, 所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT禾 P 235delC 的至少一种, 所述 GJB3 基因的突变为选自位点 5380T禾 P 547G>A的至少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选自 14940T和 1555A>G的至少一 种,所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物,所述扩增弓 I物包括第一引物和第二引物,其中, 针对这些突变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合 (前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘 述)。 本发明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的 突变类型。
根据本发明的第四方面, 本发明提出了一种诊断遗传性耳聋的方法。 根据本发明的实施 例, 包括以下步骤: 提取怀疑患有遗传性耳聋的受试者的 DNA样品; 根据前述确定 DNA样 品中预定位点的突变的方法, 对所述 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析; 以及基于所述 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 确定所述受试者患有遗传性耳聋, 其中, 所述预定位 点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变, 所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT和 235delC的 至少一种,所述 GJB3基因的突变为选自位点 538 T和 547G>A的室少一种,所述 SLC26A4 基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A、 2162C>T、 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选 自 1494 T和 1555A>G的至少一种。 由此, 根据本发明实施例的诊断遗传性耳聋的方法, 能够有效地诊断受试者是否属于遗传性耳聋, 并且能够辅助确认耳聋的病因, 进而能够针对 病因采用相应的治疗和辅助措施。
根据本发明的实施例, 上述诊断遗传性耳聋的方法还可以具有下列附加技术特征: 根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物, 其中, 针对前述突 变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合(前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。 本发 明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型, 从而可以高效地确定受试者是否患有遗传性耳聋。
根据本发明的第五方面, 本发明提出了一种产前诊断遗传性耳聋的方法。 根据本发明的 实施例, 该产前诊断遗传性耳聋的方法包括以下步骤: 分离胎儿 DNA样品; 根据前述确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法, 对所述胎儿 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析; 以 及基于所述胎儿 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 推测所述胎儿患有遗传性耳聋, 其 中, 所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的至少 一种基因的突变,所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176- 191 del 16 299 3 OOdel AT 和 235delC的至少一种, 所述 GJB3基因的突变为选自位点 538 T和 547G>A的 少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所 述 mtDNA的突变为选自 1494 T和 1555A>G的至少一种。 由此, 根据本发明实施例的诊 断遗传性耳聋的方法, 能够辅助推测胎儿患有遗传性耳聋, 并且能够辅助确认耳聋的病因, 进而能够针对病因采用相应的治疗和辅助措施。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物, 其中, 针对前述突 变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合(前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。 本发 明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型, 从而可以推测胎 J L是否患有遗传性耳聋。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述胎儿 DNA是从孕妇的绒毛膜、 羊水或脐带血中提取的。 由此, 可以在孕早期即能够推测胎儿是否患有遗传性耳聋, 并且不会由于直接从胎儿组织提 取样本而造成胎儿流产等事故。
根据本发明的第六方面, 本发明提出了一种预测电子耳蜗效果的方法。 根据本发明的实 施例, 该预测电子耳蜗效果的方法包括以下步骤: 提取耳聋患者的 DNA样品; 根据前述确 定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法,对所述 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析;基于 所述 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 确定所述耳聋患者患有遗传性耳聋; 基于所述 耳聋患者患有遗传性耳聋, 预测电子耳蜗对于所述耳聋患者有效, 其中, 所述预定位点的突 变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变, 所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT和 235delC的至少 一种, 所述 GJB3基因的突变为选自位点 5380T和 547G>A 至少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基 因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A、 2162C>T、 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选 自 1494 T和 1555A>G的至少一种。 由此, 可以通过确定耳聋患者的病因, 来确定是否可 以采用电子耳蜗来辅助耳聋患者获得听力。
根据本发明的实施例, 上述预测电子耳蜗效果的方法可以具有下列附加技术特征: 根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物, 其中, 针对前述突 变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合(前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。 本发 明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型, 从而可以高效地推测胎儿是否患有遗传性耳聋。
根据本发明的第七方面, 本发明提出了一种试剂盒, 其特征在于, 包括: 扩增引物对, 所述扩增引物对适于对 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增反应, 以便获得扩增产物, 所述扩增产物包 含所述预定位点; 以及延伸引物, 所述延伸产物适于利用 ddNTP, 以所述扩增产物为模板, 进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便获得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物, 其中, 所述延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预定位点,所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变, 所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT和 235delC的至少一种, 所述 GJB3基因的突变为选 自位点 5380T和 547G>A 至少一种,所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选自 14940T和 1555A>G的至少一 种, 所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物, 其中, 针对前述突变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中 所列出的引物组合 (前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。 本发明的发明人¾奇地发现通过 使用上述的引物组合制备的延伸产物, 能够非常有效地用于检测所列出的突变类型, 从而可 以高效地确定遗传性耳聋。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述试剂盒可以用于选自诊断遗传性耳聋、 产前诊断遗传性 耳聋、 以及预测电子耳蜗效果的至少一种。 由此, 利用该试剂盒, 可以有效地实施前述的根 据本发明实施例的诊断遗传性耳聋、 产前诊断遗传性耳聋、 以及预测电子耳蜗效果的方法。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显, 或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和 /或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和 容易理解, 其中:
图 1是根据本发明一个实施例的检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法的流程示意图; 图 2是本发明一个实施例的用于检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系统的示意图; 图 3-14是根据本发明实施例的检测遗传性耳聋相关基因突变的质谱检验结果。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例, 所述实施例的示例在附图中示出, 其中自始至终相同或 类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。 下面通过参考附图描述的 实施例是示例性的, 仅用于解释本发明, 而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明中使用的术语 "第一 "和"第二"仅用于描述目的, 而不能理解为指示或暗示相对 重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。 由此, 限定有 "第一"、 "第二"的特征可以明 示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。 进一步地, 在本发明的描述中, 除非另有说明, "多个"的含义是两个或多于两个。
本发明是基于发明人的下列发现而完成的: 对于已知位点的基因突变, 因其突变类型是 已知的, 因而通过检测包含该已知位点的一段特定长度的寡核苷酸序列的分子量, 可以基于 该分子量的数值判断出在该位点是否存在突变, 并且通过计算, 可以获知该突变的类型。
检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法
根据本发明的第一方面, 本发明提出了一种检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法。 在本文中所使用的术语"预定位点"是指 DNA样品突变分析的目标位点, 通常指的是已经对 该位点的突变类型进行充分研究, 其功能已经明了的位点。在本文中, 所使用的术语 "突变", 指的是与野生型 DNA序列有区别的情况, 其可以包括插入、 置换、 缺失一个或者多个碱基, 既可以是点突变, 也可以一段序列的整体改变。
参考图 1,根据本发明的实施例,检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法包括以下步骤: S100: 使用扩增弓 I物对 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增反应, 以便获得扩增产物, 扩增产物包 含预定位点。 根据本发明的实施例, 可以采用的 DNA样品的来源, 不受特别限制。 根据本 发明的一个示例, 可以采用的 DNA样品为人全基因组 DNA。 根据本发明的一个实施例, 可 以采用含有待测位点的 DNA片段的 DNA样品进行检测, 这样可以提高检测的效率和精度。 例如, 可以首先提取生物样本中的全基因组 DNA, 然后通过常规的分离方法, 获得含有特定 位点的 DNA片段。
根据本发明的实施例,可以通过本发明的方法进行研究的预定位点的突变不受特别限制。 根据本发明一些实施例, 可以通过本发明的方法, 进行检测的预定位点的突变是为选自人类 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变。 本发明的发明 人惊奇地发现, 借助本发明实施例的方法, 可以有效地对上述基因中的突变位点进行检测。 根据本发明的一个具体示例, 可以进行检测的突变位点以及常见的突变类型为下表 3中所列 出的任意一种:
Figure imgf000010_0001
需要说明的是, 这些突变位点的表示方法均为本领域技术人员已知的表达方式。 鉴于突 变位点既可以发生在 cDNA序列上,也有可能发生在内含子上。为此,发明人提供突变说明, 以对突变的精确位点进行描述。 其中, 说明规则为:
1 )在位点前面加字母以区分所参考序列的类型:
① " c "表示参考 cDNA的序列, 如: c.235delC, 表示 cDNA序列的第 25个碱基 C缺失
② " m. "表示参考线粒体的序列, 如: m.l494C>T, 表示线粒体 DNA序列第 1494个碱基 C被置换为丁。
2) 以内含子开始: 外显子序号 +该位点在内含子的位置如: IVS15+5G>A, 表示在 SLC26A4基因第 15个外显子的下游的第 5个碱基 G置换为 A。
3 ) c.l76-191dell6表示缺失 176位至 191位的 16个碱基。
4) c.299_300delAT表示缺失 299位至 300位的 2个碱基 (ΑΓ碱基)。
关于人类 ΪΪ生型的上述基因, 可以通过 NCBI索取号获得。 人类野生型 GJB2的 NCBI 索取号为 NG_008358.1、 GJB3的 NCBI索取号为 NG_008309.1、 SLC26A4的 NCBI索取号 为 NG_008489.1、 mtDNA (线粒体 DNA) 的 NCBI索¾号为 NC_012920。
为方便理解, 下面对 GJB2、 GJB3 SLC26A4、 mtDNA (线 体 DNA)进行简要介绍。 GJB2基因: 该基因定位于常染色体 13qll-12区域, DNA全长 4804__bp, 含 2个外显子, 编码区为 678 bp,编码由 266个氨基酸残基组成的缝隙连接蛋白 Connexin 26,属于 β-2蛋白, 是钾离子循环通路的一部分。 GJB2基因突变为遗传性耳聋最常见的病因, GJB2基因突变导 致的耳聋为语前、 双侧、 对称性耳聋, 听力损失程度变异较大, 可由轻度到极重度, 但多数 为重度或极重度耳聋。 在中国人群中, 常见 GJB2 基因突变类型主要有 235ddC、 299 300delAT、 176 191dell6等, 可占 GJB2基因突变人群的 80%以上。关于该基因的详细 描述, 可以参见 Dai P, Yu F, Han B, et al. GJB2 mutation spectrum in 2,063 Chinese patients with nonsyndromic hearing imp∑drment[J]. J Transl Med, 2009, 7:26, 在此通过参照并入本文。
GJB3基因:该基因定位在 1ρ33-ρ35, 有 2个外显子, 编码含有 270个氨基酸的缝隙连接 蛋白 C0nneXin 31。 GJB3基因突变可引起常染色体显性或隐性遗传性非综合征性耳聋, 被认 为与高频听力下降有关。 关于该基因的详细描述, 可以参见¾& JH, Liu CY, Tang BS, et al . Mutations in the gene encoding gap junction protein beta-3 associated with autosomal dominant hearing impairment. Nat ewet, 1998,20 :370-373 , 在此通过参照并入本文。
SLC26A4基因: 也被称为 PDS基因, 该基因定位于常染色体 7q31区域, 含 21个外显 子, 编码 1个由 780个氨基酸残基组成的多次跨膜蛋白 Pendrin, 属于离子转运体家族, 主要 与碘 /氯离子转运有关。 临床上表现为先天性或后天性耳聋, 耳聋发生或加重与外伤、感冒有 关。 PDS基因突变种类较多, 但 919— 2A>G、 2168A>G、 1226G>A、 1975G>C、 1229C>T、 1174A>T、 1687_1692insA、 IVS15+5G>A、 2027T>A 589G>A与 281C>T突变体频率高达 82.51%。 关于 基因的详细描述, 可以参见袁永一,王国建,黄德亮,等. 大前庭水管相关 SLC26A4基因热点突变区域筛查方案探讨. ^" 学 2010, 8(3) :292-295 , 在此通过 参照并入本文。
线粒体 DNA基因: 线粒体基因突变与氨基糖甙类抗生素(AmAn)引起的药物性耳聋有 关, 线粒体基因突变会导致线粒体的缺陷, 影响到与听力直接相关的耳蜗毛细胞线粒体的产 能不足, 从而导致耳蜗与前庭细胞损伤或死亡。 线粒体 DNA基因突变为母系遗传, 常在成 年早期发生, 表现为双侧对称性、 以高频听力下降为主、 程度不等的感音神经性耳聋。 线粒 体基因突变的主要位点有 1555A>G与 1494C>T。
关于上述基因突变类型的详细描述, 可以见相关的研究文献, 为方便描述特列表如下, 通过参考将所列举的文献并入本文。
基因 突变 参考文献 在野生型基因全 长序列中的对应 位点
GJB2 35delG Mahdieh N, Rabbani B. Statistical study of 35delG突变位点
35delG mutation of GJB2 gene A 对 应 meta-analysis of carrier frequency. Int J NG 008358 中 Audiol.2009;48(6):363-70. 所^全长序列中
167delT Al-Achkar W, Moassass F, Al-Halabi B, et 的第 3429位
al.Mutations of the Connexin 26 gene in
families with non-syndromic hearing loss. Mol 167delT 突变位 Med Report. 2011 Mar-Apr;4(2):331-5. 点 对 应
176-191dell6、 Chen Y, Tudi M, Lu HL, et al. Common gene NG 008358 中 235delC 与 mutations study in Uyghur population with 所^全长序列中 299_300delAT deafness in Kashgar region of Xinjiang. 的第 3561位
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za
Zhi. 2011 Mar;46(3):205-8. 176_191dell6突 变 Ϊ立 点 对应 NG 008358 中 所^全长序列中 的第 3570-3585 位
235delC 突变位 点 对 应 NG 008358 中 所 全长序列中 的第 3639位
299_300delAT突 变 Ϊ立 点 对应 NG 008358 中 所^全长序列中 的第 3693-3694 位
GJB3 538C>T Chen Y, Tudi M, Sun J, et al. Genetic 5380T 突变位
Mutations in Non-syndromic Deafness Patients 点 对 应 of Uyghur and Han Chinese Ethnicities in NG 008309 所 Xinjiang, China: A Comparative Study. J 示 长序列中的 Transl Med. 2011 Sep 14;9(1): 154. 第 4111位;
547G>A Xia JH, Liu CY, Tang BS, et al. Mutations in
the gene encoding gap junction protein beta-3 547G>A突变位 associated with autosomal dominant hearing 点 对 应 impairment. Nat Genet. 1998 Dec;20(4):370-3. NG 008309 所 示 长序列中的 第 4121位
SLC26A4 281C>T Wu CC, Lu YC, Chen PJ, et al. Phenotypic 2810T 突变位
Analyses and Mutation Screening of the 点 对 应 SLC26A4 and FOXI1 Genes in 101 NG 008489 所 Taiwanese Families with Bilateral 示 长序列中的 Nonsyndromic Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct 第 2778位; (DFNB4) or Pendred Syndrome. Audiol
Neurotol 2010;15:57-66. 589G>A突变位
589G>A Wang QJ, Zhao YL, Rao SQ, et al. A distinct 点 对 应 spectrum of SLC26A4 mutations in patients NG 008489 所 with enlarged vestibular aqueduct in China. 示 长序列中的 Clin Genet. 2007 Sep;72(3):245-54. 第 13703位;
Xiao Mei Ouyang, Denise Yan, Hui Jun Yuan, 919-2A>G 突变 et al. The genetic bases for non-syndromic 位 点 对 应 hearing loss among ChineseGenetics of NG 008489 所 hearing loss in the Chinese population. Journal 示 ^长序列中的 of Human Genetics 54, 131-140. (在该文献中, 第 22819位; 采用以氨基酸命名的方式: P.G197R)
1174A>T突变位
2027T>A Park HJ, Shaukat S, Liu XZ, et al. Origins and 点 对 应 frequencies of SLC26A4 (PDS) mutations in NG 008489 所 east and south Asians: global implications for 示 长序列中的 the epidemiology of deafness. J Med Genet. 第 29514位; 2003 Apr;40(4):242-8.
919-2A>G Wu CC, Hung CC, Lin SY, et "/.Newborn 1226G>A 突变 genetic screening for hearing impairment: a 位 点 对 应 preliminary study at a tertiary center. PLoS NG 008489 所 One. 2011;6(7):e22314. 示 ^长序列中的
Dai P, Yuan Y Huang D, Zhu X, et al. 第 29566位; Molecular Etiology of Hearing Impairment in
Inner Mongolia mutations in SLC26A4 gene 12290T突变位 Λ Λ Λ and relevant phenotype analysis. J Transl Med. 点 对 应
2008 Nov 30;6:74. NG 008489 所
1226G>A Fugazzola L, Cirello V, Dossena S, et al. High 示全长序列中的 phenotypic intrafamilial variability in patients 第 29569位; with Pendred syndrome and a novel
duplication in the SLC26A4 gene: clinical IVS 15+5G>A突 characterization and functional studies of the 变位 点 对应 mutated SLC26A4 protein. Eur J Endocrinol. NG 008489 所 2007 Sep;157(3):331-8. 示 ^长序列中的
2162C>T Fugazzola L, Mannavola D, Cerutti N, et al. 第 39546位;
Molecular Analysis of the Pendred's Syndrome
Gene and Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1975G>C突变 Studies of the Inner Ear Are Essential for the 位点对应 Diagnosis of True Pendred's Syndrome. J Clin NG 008489所 Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2469-75. 示 长序列中的
2168A>G Li H, Li HB, Mao J, Liu MJ, et al. Genetic 第 41364位; screening of mutation hot-spots for
nonsyndromic hearing loss in southern Jiangsu 2027T>A突变位 province with SNaPshot. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi 点 对 应 Chuan Xue Za Zhi. 2011 Aug;28(4):383-6. NG 008489 所
IVS15+5G>A Iwasaki S, Tsukamoto K, Usami S, et al. 示 ^长序列中的
Association of SLC26A4 mutations with 第 41416位; clinical features and thyroid function in deaf
infants with enlarged vestibular aqueduct. J 21620T突变位 Hum Genet. 2006;51(9):805-10. 点 对 应
NG 008489 所 示 长序列中的 第 49492位;
2168A>G 突变 位 点 对 应 NG 008489 所 示 ^长序列中的 第 49498位; mtDNA 1494C>T Zhao H, Li R, Wang Q, Yan Q, Deng JH, et 1494C>T突变位
(线粒体 α/.Maternally inherited 点 对 应 DNA) aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic NC 012920所示 deafness is associated with the novel C1494T 全 ^序列中的第 mutation in the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene 1494位; in a large Chinese family. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Jan;74(l): 139-52. 1555A>G突变
1555A>G Prezant TR, Agapian TV, Bohlman MC, et al. 位点对应
Mitochondrial ribosomal RNA mutation NC 012920所示 associated with both antibiotic-induced and 全 ^序列中的第 non-syndromic deafness. Nat Genet. 1993 1555位;
Jul;4(3):289-94.
由此, 利用根据本发明实施例的方法, 可以有效地检测耳聋相关的基因突变, 并且进而 能够有效地预测受试者罹患遗传性耳聋, 例如可以辅助诊断患者耳聋的发病原因, 从而可以 针对性地采用相应的治疗方案。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是, 可以采用任何 PCR方法 DNA样品进行扩增, 只要所得 到的扩增产物中包含预定位点即可。 根据本发明的具体示例, 为了诊断前面表 3中所列出的 突变类型, 可以采用表 1中所列出的引物对分别作为扩增引物的第一引物和第二引物。 本发 明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的扩增引物, 能够有效地实现对预定位点的扩增, 并且 在后续能够有效地提高检测突变类型的效率和精确性, 从而可以高效地确定受试者是否患有 遗传性耳聋。 根据本发明的一个实施例, 在表 1中所示出的第一引物和第二引物 5'端还可以 都具有 10个碱基 acgttggatg ( SEQ ID NO: 53 ) 的标签序列, 发明人发现, 通过采用上述标 签序列, 可以使得上述第一引物和第二引物的分子量不在后续质谱的检测范围内, 由此, 能 够进一步提高检测的精确度和效率。
S200: 在获得包含预定位点的扩增产物之后, 可以使用延伸引物以及 ddNTP, 以所获得 的扩增产物为模板, 进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便获得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基 的延伸产物。 根据本发明的实施例, 延伸引物的 3'端紧邻预定位点。 由此, 所获得的延伸产 物的 3'末端所对应的碱基包含有预定位点的突变信息, 在后续可以通过分子量的分析, 确定 该位点是否具有突变事件, 并且可以确定该突变事件的类型。 本领域技术人员可以理解, 可 以通过任何已知的 PCR方法对扩增产物进行上述寡核苷酸延伸反应。根据本发明的一个实施 例, 可以采用表 2中所列出的弓 I物作为延伸引物进行上述寡核苷酸延伸反应。 本发明的发明 人惊奇地发现通过使用表 1和表 2中所列出的弓 I物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变 类型。
根据本发明的一个实施例, 在进行所述寡核苷酸延伸反应之前, 可以进一步包括使用碱 性磷酸酶对所获得的扩增产物进行处理的步骤。由此,通过碱性磷酸酶对扩增产物进行处理, 可以除去扩增产物中残存的 dNTP, 从而可以提高后续延伸反应的效率, 进而能够实现高效 地检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变。
S300: 在获得上述延伸产物之后, 可以对延伸产物进行分子量检测, 以便获得延伸产物 的分子量。 根据本发明的实施例, 可以采用任何已知的方法对延伸产物进行分子量检测。 根 据本发明的一个实施例, 通过 MALDI-TOF 质谱 (基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry)检测对所述延伸 产物进行分子量检测。 MALDI-TOF质谱是近年来发展起来的一种新型的软电离生物质谱, 主要由两部分组成:基质辅助激光解吸电离离子源 (MALDI)和飞行时间质量分析器(TOF)。 MALDI 的原理是用激光照射样品与基质形成的共结晶薄膜, 基质从激光中吸收能量传递给 生物分子, 而电离过程中将质子转移到生物分子或从生物分子得到质子, 而使生物分子电离 的过程。 TOF的原理是离子在电场作用下加速飞过飞行管道, 根据到达检测器的飞行时间不 同而被检测, 即测定离子的质荷比 (M/Z) 与离子的飞行时间成正比, 实现对离子的检测。
由此, 能够精确、 高效地对延伸产物进行分子量检测。 发明人惊奇地发现, 通过 MALDI-TOF质谱检测甚至可以实现对 DNA样品中杂合突变或纯合突变的检测。根据本发明 的一个实施例, 在对延伸产物进行 MALDI-TOF质谱检测之前, 进一步包括对所述延伸产物 进行纯化的步骤。 由此, 可以进一步提高 MALDI-TOF质谱检测的精确度, 从而提高检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的效率和精确度。根据本发明的具体实例,利用阴离子树脂对所 述延伸产物进行纯化。 由此, 能够更进一步提高 MALDI-TOF质谱检测的精确度, 从而提高 检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的效率和精确度。
S400: 最后, 基于所检测获得的延伸产物分子量, 确定所述预定位点的突变类型。 由于 延伸反应是以包含预定位点的扩增产物为模板, 并且进行延伸反应的延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所 述预定位点,并且在进行延伸反应时使用 dd TP作为原料, 因而可以保证延伸反应可以仅延 伸一个碱基, 即对应预定的位点, 基于各个不同碱基的分子量存在较为显著的区别, 因而, 通过对延伸产物的分子量进行检测, 可以通过所获得的延伸产物的分子量, 来确定在预定位 点是否发生了突变, 以及所发生突变的类型。 需要说明的是, 这里的分析可以是通过将延伸 产物的分子量与标准参照进行比较来获得。 这里使用的术语 "标准参照"可以是预先对具有已 知突变的样品进行平行试验获得的分子量数值。
与现有技术相比, 根据本发明实施例的方法至少具有下列优点之一:
( 1 ) 使用的试剂耗材相对简单且稳定, 不需要荧光染料、 特殊的酶等价格昂贵的试剂;
(2) 反应可以在微量体系中进行, 减少了样品和各种消耗品的使用;
(3 ) 由于质谱技术直接检测 DNA的分子量(质荷比)且直接确定碱基的类型(即, 不 需要经过任何形式的信号转换), 因此, 理论上只要有一个拷贝的突变片段例如单核苷酸多 态性 (SNP)被扩增即可识别, 从而杜绝了假阳性发生的可能;
(4)质谱技术还有自动化、 高通量检测等特点, 因此, 质谱技术与多引物延伸技术结合 使用, 可以在一个反应体系中同时检测多个耳聋突变位点, 结合 DNA 自动提取设备、 多重 PCR引物设计软件及数据分析软件, 大大减轻工作量, 提高检测通量, 并降低检测费用; ( 5 ) 与基因序列测定相比具有操作简便、 结果准确、 通量高、 价格低廉的优点。
用于检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系统
根据本发明的第二方面, 本发明提出了一种用于检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系 统。 参考图 2, 根据本发明的实施例, 该用于检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系统 1000 包括: DNA样品扩增装置 100、 扩增产物延伸装置 200、 分子量检测装置 300以及突变分析 装置 400。
根据本发明的实施例, DNA样品扩增装置 100用于对 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增, 以便获 得包含预定位点的扩增产物。根据本发明的一个实施例, DNA样品扩增装置 100内设置有扩 增弓 I物对, 所述扩增产物延伸装置内设置有延伸引物。 由此, 便于 DNA样品扩增装置和扩 增产物延伸装置分别对 DNA样品进行扩增, 和进行寡核苷酸延伸反应。 如前所述, 根据本 发明的实施例, DNA样品扩增装置 100不受特别限制, 其可以是任何适于对 DNA样品进行 扩增的装置。 根据本发明的一个实施例, 可以采用已知的 PCR装置作为 DNA样品扩增装置 100。 另外, 根据本发明的实施例, 可以在 DNA样品扩增装置 100中预先设置扩增引物对, 由此可以方便进行操作。 本领域技术人员可以根据所要进行分析的位点来确定可以采用的扩 增引物序列。根据本发明的一个实施例,所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的至少一种基因的突变, 所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT和 235delC的至少一种, 所述 GJB3基因的突变为选 自位点 5380T和 547G>A 至少一种,所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选自 14940T和 1555A>G的至少一 种。 关于这些突变, 在前面已经进行了详细描述, 在此不再赘述。 针对这些突变, 可以采用 表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合(前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述) 作为扩增弓 I物对。 本 发明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类 型。 需要说明的是, 在本发明中所使用的术语"相连"应做广义理解, 其可以是直接相连, 也 可以是通过媒介间接相连, 只要可以实现功能上的衔接即可。
根据本发明的实施例, 扩增产物延伸装置 300与 DNA样品扩增装置 100相连, 以便从
DNA样品扩增装置 100接收扩增产物,并且对扩增产物进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便获得在 所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物, 其中, 延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预定位点。 根据本发明的一个实施例, 可以进一步包括扩增产物净化装置 (图中未示出), 扩增产物净 化装置可以分别与 DNA样品扩增装置 100和扩增产物延伸装置 200相连, 以便对扩增产物 进行净化处理, 并将经过净化的扩增产物输入至扩增产物延伸装置 200。 由此, 可以除去扩 增产物中残存的 d TP, 从而可以提高后续延伸反应的效率, 进而能够实现高效地检测 DNA 样品中预定位点的突变。
根据本发明的实施例, 分子量检测装置 300可以与扩增产物延伸装置 200相连, 以便确 定所述延伸产物的分子量。 根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述分子量检测装置为 MALDI-TOF 质谱装置。 由此, 能够精确、 高效地对延伸产物进行分子量检测, 发明人惊奇地发现通过 MALDI-TOF质谱检测甚至可以实现对样品中杂合突变或纯合突变的检测。 根据本发明的一 个实施例, 进一步包括延伸产物纯化装置 (图中未示出)。 延伸产物纯化装置可以分别与扩 增产物延伸装置 200和 MALDI-TOF质谱装置 300相连, 以便对延伸产物进行纯化处理, 并 将经过纯化的延伸产物输入至所述 MALDI-TOF 质谱装置。 由此, 可以进一步提高 MALDI-TOF质谱检测的精确度, 从而提高检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的效率和精确 度。 根据本发明的一个实施例, 所述延伸产物纯化装置为阴离子树脂。 由此, 能够更进一步 提高 MALDI-TOF质谱检测的精确度, 从而提高检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的效率和 精确度。
根据本发明的实施例, 突变分析装置 400可以与分子量检测装置 300相连, 基于所得到 的延伸产物的分子量, 确定所述预定位点的突变类型。 根据本发明的实施例, 突变分析装置 400可以与存有标准参照, 通过将延伸产物的分子量与标准参照进行比较可以得出是否存在 突变以及突变类型的结论。 这里使用的术语"标准参照"可以是预先对具有已知突变的样品进 行平行试验获得的分子量数值。 另外, 根据本发明的实施例, 突变分析装置 400还可以适于 进行各种统计检验分析, 以便实现更精确更准确地分析。
由此, 利用根据本发明实施例的系统, 能够有效地实施根据本发明实施例的检测 DNA 样品中预定位点的突变的方法, 从而有效地确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变。 需要说明的 是, 上面所提到的各个装置的功能可以在相同的容器内完成, 只要能够实现上述功能即可。
应用
根据本发明的实施例, 确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法可以应用于多种与基因 突变相关的检测。 例如, 可以有效地对实验室中构建的突变体的突变类型进行检测。
根据本发明的实施例, 还可以将上述方法应用于诊断遗传性耳聋的方法、 产前诊断遗传 性耳聋的方法、 产前诊断遗传性耳聋的方法。
具体地, 根据本发明的一个方面, 本发明提出了一种诊断遗传性耳聋的方法。 根据本发 明的实施例, 诊断遗传性耳聋的方法包括以下步骤: 提取怀疑患有遗传性耳聋的受试者的 DNA样品; 根据前述确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法, 对所述 DNA样品中预定位 点的突变进行分析; 以及基于 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 确定所述受试者患有 遗传性耳聋, 其中, 所述预定位点的突变为表 3中所列出的突变的至少一种。 由此, 根据本 发明实施例的诊断遗传性耳聋的方法, 能够有效地诊断受试者是否属于遗传性耳聋, 并且能 够辅助确认耳聋的病因, 进而能够针对病因采用相应的治疗和辅助措施。 根据本发明的实施 例, 可以采用的 DNA样品的类型并不受特别限制, 可以采用受试者的全基因组 DNA, 也可 以采用来自于包含特定基因的 DNA片段, 这里所说的特定基因指的是耳聋相关基因。 根据 本发明的实施例, 针对表 3中所列出的突变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合 (前 面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。 本发明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型, 从而可以高效地确定受试者是否患有遗传性耳聋。 关于各步骤的细节, 可以参见前面的相关描述, 在此不再赘述。
进一步, 本发明提出了一种产前诊断遗传性耳聋的方法。 根据本发明的实施例, 该产前 诊断遗传性耳聋的方法包括以下步骤:分离胎儿 DNA样品;根据前述确定 DNA样品中预定 位点的突变的方法, 对所述胎儿 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析; 以及基于所述胎儿 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 确定所述胎儿患有遗传性耳聋, 其中, 所述预定位点 的突变为表 3中所列出的突变的至少一种。 由此, 根据本发明实施例的诊断遗传性耳聋的方 法, 能够辅助推测胎儿患有遗传性耳聋, 并且能够辅助确认耳聋的病因, 进而能够针对病因 采用相应的治疗和辅助措施。 针对表 3中所列出的突变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引 物组合 (前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。 本发明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的 引物组合,能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型,从而可以推测胎儿是否患有遗传性耳聋。 根据本发明的实施例, 可以采用的 DNA样品的类型并不受特别限制, 可以采用胎儿的全基 因组 DNA, 也可以采用来自于胎儿的包含特定基因的 DNA片段, 这里所说的特定基因指的 是耳聋相关基因。 根据本发明的实施例, 胎儿基因组 DNA的来源不受特别限制。 根据本发 明的一个实施例, 胎儿全基因组 DNA是从孕妇的绒毛膜、 羊水或脐带血中提取的。 由此, 可以在孕早期就能够有效推测胎儿是否患有遗传性耳聋。 另外, 根据本发明的一个实施例, 也可以通过从孕妇的外周血中分离来自于胎儿的游离核酸, 作为进行耳聋相关检测的 DNA 样品。
根据本发明的又一方面, 本发明还提供了一种预测电子耳蜗效果的方法。 根据本发明的 实施例, 该预测电子耳蜗效果的方法包括以下步骤: 提取耳聋患者的 DNA样品; 根据前述 确定 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法,对所述 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析;基 于所述 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 确定所述耳聋患者患有遗传性耳聋; 基于所 述耳聋患者患有遗传性耳聋, 预测电子耳蜗对于所述耳聋患者有效, 其中, 所述预定位点的 突变为表 3中所列出的突变的至少一种。 由此, 可以通过确定耳聋患者的病因, 来确定是否 可以采用电子耳蜗来辅助耳聋患者获得听力。 针对表 3中所列出的突变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合(前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述)。本发明的发明人惊奇地发现通 过使用上述的引物组合, 能够非常有效地检测所列出的突变类型, 从而可以预测耳聋患者是 否具有残余的螺旋神经节, 以便在没有对疾病进行治疗的前提下, 采用电子耳蜗绕过受损的 毛细胞直接利用电流剌激听神经从而重建听觉。 根据本发明的实施例, 可以采用的 DNA样 品的类型并不受特别限制,可以采用胎儿的全基因组 DNA,也可以采用来自于胎儿的包含特 定基因的 DNA片段, 这里所说的特定基因指的是耳聋相关基因。
试剂盒
本发明还提出了一种试剂盒, 其特征在于, 包括: 扩增引物对以及延伸引物。 根据本发 明的实施例, 扩增引物对适于对 DNA进行 PCR扩增反应, 以便获得包含预定位点的扩增产 物, 延伸产物适于利用 ddNTP, 以所得到的扩增产物为模板, 进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便 获得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物, 其中, 延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预定 位点, 所述预定位点的突变为表 3中所列出的突变的至少一种。 针对表 3中所列出的突变, 可以采用表 1和表 2中所列出的引物组合 (前面已有详细描述, 在此不再赘述) 分别作为扩 增引物对和延伸引物。 本发明的发明人惊奇地发现通过使用上述的引物组合制备的延伸产 物, 能够非常有效地用于检测所列出的突变类型, 从而可以高效地确定遗传性耳聋。 根据 本发明的一个实施例,利用该试剂盒,可以有效地实施前述的根据本发明实施例的检测 DNA 样品中预定位点的突变、 诊断遗传性耳聋、 产前诊断遗传性耳聋、 以及预测电子耳蜗效果的 方法。 根据本发明的实施例, 本发明还提出了一组可以用于上述试剂盒的引物组合。 利用该 引物组合, 可以有效地检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变、 诊断遗传性耳聋、 产前诊断遗传 性耳聋、 以及预测电子耳蜗效果的方法。
下面根据具体的实施例对本发明进行说明。 需要说明的是, 这些实施例仅仅是为了说明 本发明, 而不应以任何方式解释为对本发明的限制。 另外, 除非特别说明, 在下面的实施例 中所涉及的方法为常规方法, 所涉及的材料和制剂也为市售可得的。
实施例 1
① 引物设计 根据所选择的待检测和 /或分型的耳聋基因突变位点 20个,包括 4个基因,分别是: GJB2 基因 (包含位点 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT与 235delC)、 GJB3基因 (包 含位点 538C>T 与 547G>A)、 SLC26A4基因 (包含位点 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G与 IVS15+5G>A) 与 mtDNA的 1494C>T与 1555A>G。
根据突变位点的位置和基因型设计扩增弓 I物对和一条延伸引物, 其中扩增弓 I物的长度在 30个碱基左右,其扩增引物在 5'端具有 10个碱基 acgttggatg的标签序列; 延伸引物的长度为 17-28个碱基, 允许 5'端有 1-5个碱基与模板不完全配对, 并且 3'末端碱基与突变位点 3'端相 邻碱基完全匹配。 另外, 不同位点的延伸引物与延伸产物、 延伸产物与延伸产物间的分子量 差异不小于 30D。本发明设计的针对上述 20个耳聋基因突变位点的扩增引物参见表 1 (在第 一序列和第二序列的 5'端均带有标签序列 acgttggatg), 延伸引物参见表 2。
② DNA提取
收集正常人血液样本和临床收集的 8份临床血液样品 (命名为临床样本 1-8), 使用全血 基因组 DNA提取试剂盒提取 DNAoDNA溶于水中作为模板 DNA,浓度统一调整为 50ng/^。
③ PCR扩增
通过 PCR扩增, 获得靶序列 PCR扩增产物。 PCR扩增反应体系参见表 4。 其中, 所有 试剂购买自美国 Sequenom公司, PCR仪为 GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 Dual 384-Well Sample Block Module o
表 4
Figure imgf000018_0002
PCR反应条件为 94°C, 2分钟; 94 °C变性 20秒, 56°C退火 30秒, 72°C延伸 1分钟, 共
Figure imgf000018_0001
性对照是已知序列的正常的人类基因组 DNA, 阴性对照是无菌双蒸水。
④ SAP处理
通过 SAP酶 (虾碱性磷酸酶) 处理, 除去步骤③获得的扩增产物中含有的 dNTP, 以确 保延伸反应时只延伸一个碱基。 SAP酶反应体系见下表 5。 所有试剂购买自美国 Sequenom 公司, PCR仪为 GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 Dual 384-Well Sample Block Module。
表 5
Figure imgf000018_0003
其中, SAP酶及 SAP酶缓冲液来自 iPLEX® Gold Reagent Kit 384。 SAP酶反应条件为 37°C温育 40分钟, 以去除 PCR扩增反应中剩余的 dNTP; 85°C温育 5分钟, 以使 SAP酶失活。
⑤延伸反应
以④中获得的 PCR扩增产物为模板, 通过延伸反应, 在延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基, 从而得到延伸产物。延伸反应所使用的原料是经过质量修饰的 ddNTP, 它既保证了延伸反应 只连接一个碱基, 又能使整个系统的分辨率提高。 延伸反应体系见表 6。 所有试剂购买自美 国 Sequenom公司, PCR仪为 GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 Dual 384-Well Sample Block Module
表 6
Figure imgf000019_0001
其中, iPLEX酶、 iPLEX ddNTP混合物及 iPLEX缓冲液来自 iPLEX® Gold Reagent Kit
384。
*其中延伸引物混合物按照各引物的分子量大小进行线性关系调整(即,根据每种延伸引 物的分子量计算每种引物的使用量), 以达到最优的延伸反应, 获得最优的质谱峰图。
延伸反应条件为 94 °C, 30秒; 94 °C变性 5秒, 52 °C退火 5秒, 80°C延伸 5秒, 共扩增 40个循环, 且在每个循环中退火和延伸进行 5个小循环; 最终 72°C延伸 3分钟。
⑥树脂纯化
采用树脂(型号 08040, 购买自美国 Sequenom公司)纯化步骤⑤获得的延伸产物。在延 伸产物中加入 6 mg树脂, 18.00微升水, 垂直摇匀 40 min。 经过本步反应后, 树脂将与反应 体系中的阳离子充分结合, 从而使反应体系脱盐。反应完成后的纯化产物可在 4°C保存数天, 也可在 -20°C保存数周。 所得的纯化产物在 4000 rpm离心 5分钟后, 取上清直接用于质谱检
⑦质谱检测
通过点样仪(型号 MassARRAYNanodispenser RSlOOO, 购买自美国 Sequenom公司)把 经步骤⑥化后的延伸产物转移到 384孔 spectroCHIP lI芯片上,芯片基质与产物共结晶,该芯 片在 Sequenom MALDI-TOF质谱仪 (型号 MassARRAY Analyzer Compact, 购买自美国 Sequenom公司) 上进行质谱检测, 从而确定待检测突变位点的基因型。
质谱检测结果显示于图 3-8中,
图 3显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:36对测试样本位点 299_300ddAT进行检测的结果。 从图 3-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 6545.3处检测到¾, 所述峰经分析确认为野 生型 ΑΓ (样本来源于正常人), 结果与实际一致。 从图 3-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在 分子量 6545.3和 6561.3处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为杂合缺失突变(样本来源于临床样 本 1 ),结果与实际一致。从图 3-3可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 6561.3处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为纯合缺失突变(样本来源于临床样本 2), 结果与实际一致。
图 4显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:40对测试样本位点 2810T进行检测的结果。从图 4-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 6121处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野生型 C (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 4-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测 在分子量 6121与 6200.9处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为杂合 CT (样本来源于临床样本 3 ), 结果与实际一致。
图 5显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID N0:41对测试样本位点 1229 T进行检测的结果。 从 图 5-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 7053.6处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野生 型 C (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 5-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱 检测在分子量 7053.6与 7133.5处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为杂合 CT (样本来源于临床 样本 4), 结果与实际一致。
图 6显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:46对测试样本位点 IVS15+5G>A进行检测的结果。 从图 6-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 7961.3处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野 生型 G (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 6-2可知, MALDI-TOF质 谱检测在分子量 7961.3与 8041.2处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为杂合 GA (样本来源于临 床样本 5), 结果与实际一致。
图 7显示了使用延伸弓 I物 SEQ ID NO:50对测试样本位点 2168A>G进行检测的结果。从 图 7-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 7413.7处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野生 型 A (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 7-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱 检测在分子量 7333.8与 7413.7处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为杂合 AG (样本来源于临床 样本 6), 结果与实际一致。
图 8显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:51对测试样本位点 1494 T进行检测的结果。 从 图 8-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 5925.9处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野生 型 C (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 8-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱 检测在分子量 6005.8处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为突变纯合 T (样本来源于临床样本 7), 结果与实际一致。
实施例 2
①引物设计
根据所选择的待检测和 /或分型的耳聋基因突变位点 14个, 分布于 3个基因中, 分别是: GJB2基因 (包含位点 299_300delAT与 235delC)、 SLC26A4基因 (包含位点 281C>T、 919-2 A>G、 1174A>T、 1226G>A 1229C>T 1975G>C、 2027T>A 2162C>T 2168A>G与 IVS15+5G>A) 与 mtDNA的 1494 T与 1555A>G。 本发明设计的针对上述 14个耳聋基因突变位点的扩增 弓 I物选自实施例 1设计的扩增引物 (参见表 7)。 本发明设计的针对上述 14个耳聋基因突变 位点的延伸引物选自实施例 1设计的延伸引物 (参见表 8)。
表 7: 针对上述 14个耳聋基因突变位点的 3广增引物。
引物序列 5 引物说明
acgttggatgCTTCGATGCGGACCTTCTG
用于扩增位点 299 300delAT的扩增引物 acgttggatgCTCCTAGTGGCCATGCACG
acgttggatgTGGCGTGGACACGAAGATCA
用于扩增位点 235delC的扩增引物 acgttggatgACTTCCCCATCTCCCACATC
acgttggatgTAGTGACGTCATTTCGGGAG
用于扩增位点 2810T的扩增引物 acgttggatgACCAGAACTCTCAATCTGCC
acgttggatgCCAGGTTGGCTCCATATGAA
用于扩增位点 919-2A>G的扩增引物 acgttggatgCCAATGGAGTTTTTAACATC
acgttggatgCCAGTCTCTTCCTTAGGAAT 用于扩增位点 1174A>T、 1226G>A禾口 acgttggatgGTTCCTACCTGTGTCTTTCC 1229C>T的扩增引物
acgttggatgAGAAAACAAATTTCTAGGG
用于扩增位点 IVS15+5G>A的扩增引物 acgttggatgTTCTATGGCAATGTCGATGG
acgttggatgCAGAAAACCAGAACCTTACC 用于扩增位点 1975G>C和 2027T>A的扩 acgttggatgACGTTCCCAAAGTGCCAATC 增引物 acgttggatgGACAACATTAGAAAGGACAC 用于扩增位点 2162C>T和 2168A>G的扩 acgttggatgGATTTCACTTGGTTCTGTAG 增引物
acgttggatgTACGATAGCCCTTATGAAAC
用于扩增位点 14940T的扩增引物 acgttggatgGGGGTTTTAGTTAAATGTCC
acgttggatgAGCTCAGAGCGGTCAAGTTA
用于扩增位点 1555A>G的扩增引物 acgttggatgCTAAAACCCCTACGCATTTA
表 8: 针对上述 14个耳聋基因突变位点的延伸引物。
Figure imgf000021_0001
后续实验步骤 (即: DNA提取、 PCR扩增、 SAP处理、 延伸反应、 树脂纯化和质谱检 测) 与实施例 1 相同, 不同的是使用的模板是已知位点 235delC、 1226G>A、 2027T>A与 1555A>G出现突变的人类基因组 DNA (正常人样品和临床样本 8-11 )。
质谱检测结果显示于图 9-12中。
图 9显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:37对测试样本位点 235ddC进行检测的结果。从图 9-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 5449.6处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为野生型 C (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 9-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测 在分子量 5449.6与 5529.5处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为杂合缺失突变(样本来源于临床 样本 8), 结果与实际一致。
图 10显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:44对测试样本位点 1226G>A进行检测的结果。 从图 10-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 5304.5处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为野 生型 G (样本来源同图 3-1 的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 10-2可知, MALDI-TOF 质谱检测在分子量 5288.5与 5304.5处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为杂合 GA (样本来源于 临床样本 9), 结果与实际一致。
图 11显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:48对测试样本位点 2027T>A进行检测的结果。从 图 11-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 5355.5处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野生 型 G (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。从图 11-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱 检测在分子量 5355.5与 5411.4处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为杂合 GA (样本来源于临床 样本 10), 结果与实际一致。
图 12显示了使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:52对测试样本位点 1555A>G进行检测的结果。 从图 12-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 6394.1处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为野 生型 A (样本来源同图 3-1 的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 12-2可知, MALDI-TOF 质谱检测在分子量 6314.2处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为突变纯合 G (样本来源于临床样 本 11的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。
实施例 3
①引物设计
根据所选择的待检测和 /或分型的耳聋基因突变位点 4个, 分布于 3个基因中, 分别是: GJB2基因 (包含位点 235delC;)、 SLC26A4基因 (包含位点 919-2A>G)与 mtDNA的 14940T 与 1555A>G。 本发明设计的针对上述 4个耳聋基因突变位点的扩增引物参见表 9, 延伸引物 参见表 10。
表 9: 针对上述 4个耳聋基因突变位点的扩增引物。
Figure imgf000022_0001
表 10: 针对上述 4个耳聋基因突变位点的延伸引物。
Figure imgf000022_0002
后续实验步骤 (即: DNA提取、 PCR扩增、 SAP处理、 延伸反应、 树脂纯化和质谱检 测)与实施例 1相同,不同的是使用的模板是已知位点 919-2A>G与 1555A>G出现突变的人 类基因组 DNA (正常人样品和临床样本 12-13 )。
质谱检测结果显示于图 13-14中。
图 13为使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:42对测试样本位点 919-2A>G进行检测的结果。 从图 13-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 5825.7处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野生型 A (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 13-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检 测在分子量 5745.8与 5825.7处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为杂合 AG, 结果与实际一致。 从图 13-3可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 5745.8处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认突变 纯合 G (样本来源于临床样本 13 ), 结果与实际一致。
图 14为使用延伸引物 SEQ ID NO:52对测试样本位点 1555A>G进行检测的结果。 从图
14-1可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检测在分子量 6394.1处检测到峰, 所述峰经分析确认为野生型 A (样本来源同图 3-1的样本来源), 结果与实际一致。 从图 14-2可知, MALDI-TOF质谱检 测在分子量 6314.2处检测到峰,所述峰经分析确认为突变纯合 G (样本来源于临床样本 13), 结果与实际一致。 在本说明书的描述中, 参考术语"一个实施例"、 "一些实施例"、 "示例"、 "具体示例"、 或"一些示例"等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料 或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。 在本说明书中, 对上述术语的示意性表 述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。 而且, 描述的具体特征、 结构、 材料或者特点可以在 任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例, 本领域的普通技术人员可以理解: 在不脱离本 发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、 修改、 替换和变型, 本发明的 范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims

1、 一种检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: 使用扩增引物对所述 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增反应, 以便获得扩增产物, 所述扩增产物 包含所述预定位点;
使用延伸引物以及 ddNTP, 以所述扩增产物为模板, 进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便获得 在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物, 其中, 所述延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预定 位点;
对所述延伸产物进行分子量检测, 以便获得所述延伸产物的分子量; 以及
基于所述延伸产物的分子量, 确定所述预定位点的突变类型,
其中,
优选所述 DNA样品为人全基因组 DNA,
优选所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的 至少一种基因的突变,
更优选, 所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6 299_300delAT 和 235delC的至少一种, 所述 GJB3基因的突变为选自位点 538C>T和 547G>A的至少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G、 1174A>T、 1226G>A、 1229C>T、 1975G>C、 2027T>A、 2162C>T、 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所 述 mtDNA的突变为选自 14940T和 1555A>G的至少一种,
所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物, 优选, 针对所述 GJB2基因的 35delG突变, 所 述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 1所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 2所示, 所述延伸引 物为如 SEQ ID NO: 33所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 167delT突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 3所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 4所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 34所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 176-191dell6突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 5所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 6所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 35所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 299_300delAT突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 7所示, 所述第二引物为 如 SEQ ID NO: 8所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 36所示;针对所述 GJB2基因的 235delC 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 9所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 10所示, 所 述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 37所示; 针对所述 GJB3基因的 538C>T突变, 所述第一引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 11所示,所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 12所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 38所示; 针对所述 GJB3基因的 547G>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 13 所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 14所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 39所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 281C>T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 15所示, 所述第 二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 16所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 40所示;针对所述 SLC26A4 基因的 589G>A突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 17所示,所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 18所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 41所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 919-2A>G突 变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 19所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 20所示, 所 述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 42所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1174A>T突变, 所述第一 弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物为 如 SEQ ID NO: 43所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1226G>A突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 44所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1229C>T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所 示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 45所示; 针 对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1975G>C突变, 所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示,所述第二 弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 47所示;针对所述 SLC26A4 基因的 2027T>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 48所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 21620T 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 49所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 2168A>G突变, 所述 第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示, 所述延伸引 物为如 SEQ ID NO: 50所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 IVS15+5G>A突变, 所述第一引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 23所示,所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 24所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 46所示; 针对所述 mtDNA基因的 1494C>T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 29所示, 所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 30所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 51所示; 以及针对所述 mtDNA基因的 1555A>G突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 31所示, 所 述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 32所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 52所示,
优选所述第一引物和第二引物的 5'端均具有标签序列, 所述标签序列优选为如 SEQ ID
NO: 53所示,
优选在进行所述寡核苷酸延伸反应之前, 进一步包括: 使用碱性磷酸酶对所述扩增产物 进行处理的步骤。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 通过 MALDI-TOF质谱检测对所述延伸产 物进行分子量检测,
优选在对所述延伸产物进行 MALDI-TOF质谱检测之前, 进一步包括对所述延伸产物进 行纯化的步骤, 优选利用阴离子树脂对所述延伸产物进行纯化。
3、 一种用于检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变的系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
DNA样品扩增装置, 所述 DNA样品扩增装置, 用于对所述 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增, 以便获得扩增产物, 所述扩增产物包含所述预定位点;
扩增产物延伸装置, 所述扩增产物延伸装置与所述 DNA样品扩增装置相连, 以便从所 述 DNA样品扩增装置接收扩增产物, 并且对所述扩增产物进行寡核苷酸延伸反应, 以便获 得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物, 其中, 所述延伸引物的 3'端紧邻所述预 定位点;
分子量检测装置, 所述分子量检测装置与所述扩增产物延伸装置相连, 以便确定所述延 伸产物的分子量; 以及
突变分析装置, 所述突变分析装置基于所述延伸产物的分子量, 确定所述预定位点的突 变类型,
其中,
优选所述 DNA样品扩增装置内设置有扩增引物对, 所述扩增产物延伸装置内设置有延 伸引物,
优选所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的 至少一种基因的突变, 更优选所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6、 299_300delAT和 235delC的至少一种,所述 GJB3基因的突变为选自位点 538C>T和 547G>A 的至少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G、 1174A>T、 1226G>A、 1229C>T、 1975G>C、 2027T>A、 2162C>T、 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一 禾中, 以及所述 mtDNA的突变为选自 14940T和 1555A>G的至少一种,
所述扩增引物包括第一引物和第二引物, 优选针对所述 GJB2基因的 35delG突变, 所述 第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 1所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 2所示, 所述延伸引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 33所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 167delT突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 3所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 4所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 34 所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 176-191dell6突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 5所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 6所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 35所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 299_300delAT突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 7所示, 所述第二引物为 如 SEQ ID NO: 8所示,所述延伸弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 36所示;针对所述 GJB2基因的 235delC 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 9所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 10所示, 所 述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 37所示; 针对所述 GJB3基因的 538C>T突变, 所述第一引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 11所示,所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 12所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 38所示; 针对所述 GJB3基因的 547G>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 13 所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 14所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 39所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 281C>T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 15所示, 所述第 二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 16所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 40所示;针对所述 SLC26A4 基因的 589G>A突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 17所示,所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 18所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 41所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 919-2A>G突 变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 19所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 20所示, 所 述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 42所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1174A>T突变, 所述第一 弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物为 如 SEQ ID NO: 43所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1226G>A突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 44所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1229C>T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所 示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 45所示; 针 对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1975G>C突变, 所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示,所述第二 弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 47所示;针对所述 SLC26A4 基因的 2027T>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 48所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 21620T 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 49所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 2168A>G突变, 所述 第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示, 所述延伸引 物为如 SEQ ID NO: 50所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 IVS15+5G>A突变, 所述第一引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 23所示,所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 24所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 46所示; 针对所述 mtDNA基因的 14940T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 29所示, 所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 30所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 51所示; 以及针对所述 mtDNA基因的 1555A>G突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 31所示, 所 述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 32所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 52所示,
优选进一步包括:
扩增产物净化装置, 所述扩增产物净化装置分别与所述 DNA样品扩增装置和所述扩增 产物延伸装置相连, 以便对所述扩增产物进行净化处理, 并将经过净化的扩增产物输入至所 述扩增产物延伸装置。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述分子量检测装置为 MALDI-TOF质谱 装置。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的系统, 其特征在于, 进一步包括延伸产物纯化装置, 其中,
所述延伸产物纯化装置分别与所述扩增产物延伸装置和所述 MALDI-TOF质谱装置相 连, 以便对所述延伸产物进行纯化处理, 并将经过纯化的延伸产物输入至所述 MALDI-TOF 质谱装置,
优选所述延伸产物纯化装置为阴离子树脂。
6、 一种诊断遗传性耳聋的方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
提取怀疑患有遗传性耳聋的受试者的 DNA样品;
根据权利要求 1和 2所述的方法对所述 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析; 以及 基于所述 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 确定所述受试者患有遗传性耳聋。
7、 一种产前诊断遗传性耳聋的方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
分离胎儿的 DNA样品,优选所述胎儿的 DNA样品是从绒毛膜、羊水或脐带血取样中提 取的;
根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法对所述胎儿的 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析; 以及
基于所述胎儿的 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 推测所述胎儿患有遗传性耳聋。
8、 一种预测电子耳蜗效果的方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
提取耳聋患者的 DNA样品;
根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法对所述 DNA样品中预定位点的突变进行分析; 基于所述 DNA样品中存在所述预定位点的突变, 确定所述耳聋患者患有遗传性耳聋; 基于所述耳聋患者患有遗传性耳聋, 预测电子耳蜗对于所述耳聋患者有效。
9、 一种引物组合, 其特征在于, 包括:
扩增引物对,所述扩增引物对适于对 DNA样品进行 PCR扩增反应,以便获得扩增产物, 所述扩增产物包含预定位点; 以及
延伸引物, 所述延伸产物适于利用 ddNTP, 以所述扩增产物为模板, 进行寡核苷酸延伸 反应, 以便获得在所述延伸引物的 3'端连接一个碱基的延伸产物, 其中, 所述延伸引物的 3' 端紧邻所述预定位点,
所述预定位点的突变为选自 GJB2基因、 GJB3基因、 SLC26A4基因以及 mtDNA的至少 一种基因的突变,所述 GJB2基因的突变为选自 35delG、 167delT、 176-191dell6 299_300delAT 和 235delC的至少一种, 所述 GJB3基因的突变为选自位点 538C>T和 547G>A的至少一种, 所述 SLC26A4基因的突变为选自 281C>T、 589G>A、 919-2A>G、 1174A>T、 1226G>A、 1229C>T、 1975G>C、 2027T>A、 2162C>T、 2168A>G和 IVS15+5G>A的至少一种, 以及所 述 mtDNA的突变为选自 14940T和 1555A>G的至少一种, 所述扩增引物包括第一引物和 第二引物,
其中,
针对所述 GJB2基因的 35delG突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 1所示, 所述第二 引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 2所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 33所示; 针对所述 GJB2基 因的 167delT突变, 所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 3所示, 所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 4所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 34所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 176-191dell6突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 5所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 6所示, 所述延伸 弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 35所示; 针对所述 GJB2基因的 299_300delAT突变, 所述第一弓 |物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 7所示,所述第二弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 8所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 36所示;针对所述 GJB2基因的 235delC突变,所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 9所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 10所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 37所示; 针对所 述 GJB3基因的 538C>T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 11所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 12所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 38所示;针对所述 GJB3基因的 547G>A 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 13所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 14所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 39所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 281C>T突变, 所述第 一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 15所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 16所示, 所述延伸引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 40所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 589G>A突变,所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 17所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 18所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 41所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 919-2A>G突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 19所 示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 20所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 42所示; 针 对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1174A>T突变, 所述第一弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二 引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 43所示;针对所述 SLC26A4 基因的 1226G>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示,所述延伸弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 44所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1229C>T 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 21所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 22所示, 所述延伸弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 45所示;针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 1975G>C突变,所述第 一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示, 所述延伸引物 为如 SEQ ID NO: 47所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 2027T A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 25所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 26所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 48所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 21620T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示,所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 49所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 2168A>G突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 27所示, 所述 第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 28所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 50所示; 针对所述 SLC26A4基因的 IVS15+5G>A突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 23所示, 所述第二引 物为如 SEQ ID NO: 24所示, 所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 46所示; 针对所述 mtDNA 基因的 14940T突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 29所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 30所示,所述延伸引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 51所示;以及针对所述 mtDNA基因的 1555A>G 突变, 所述第一引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 31所示, 所述第二引物为如 SEQ ID NO: 32所示, 所述延伸弓 I物为如 SEQ ID NO: 52所示,
优选所述第一弓 I物和第二弓 I物的 5'端均具有标签序列, 所述标签序列为如 SEQ ID NO:
53所示。
10、 一种试剂盒, 其特征在于, 包括:
权利要求 9所述的一种弓 I物组合,
优选所述试剂盒用于选自检测 DNA样品中预定位点的突变、 诊断遗传性耳聋、 产前诊 断遗传性耳聋、 以及预测电子耳蜗效果的至少一种。
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