WO2013035704A1 - 居眠り検出方法と装置 - Google Patents
居眠り検出方法と装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013035704A1 WO2013035704A1 PCT/JP2012/072497 JP2012072497W WO2013035704A1 WO 2013035704 A1 WO2013035704 A1 WO 2013035704A1 JP 2012072497 W JP2012072497 W JP 2012072497W WO 2013035704 A1 WO2013035704 A1 WO 2013035704A1
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- eye
- time
- blink
- dozing
- threshold time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/18—Eye characteristics, e.g. of the iris
- G06V40/19—Sensors therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1103—Detecting eye twinkling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/163—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state by tracking eye movement, gaze, or pupil change
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/18—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state for vehicle drivers or machine operators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/4806—Sleep evaluation
- A61B5/4809—Sleep detection, i.e. determining whether a subject is asleep or not
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7271—Specific aspects of physiological measurement analysis
- A61B5/7282—Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K28/00—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions
- B60K28/02—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver
- B60K28/06—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver
- B60K28/066—Safety devices for propulsion-unit control, specially adapted for, or arranged in, vehicles, e.g. preventing fuel supply or ignition in the event of potentially dangerous conditions responsive to conditions relating to the driver responsive to incapacity of driver actuating a signalling device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
- G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
- G08B21/06—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons indicating a condition of sleep, e.g. anti-dozing alarms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0077—Devices for viewing the surface of the body, e.g. camera, magnifying lens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dozing detection method and apparatus for detecting dozing that is a state in which a person's arousal is reduced.
- a method for detecting dozing for example, a method has been proposed in which blinking swarms in which a plurality of eyes are closed in a short time within one second is detected to detect a decrease in arousal.
- SEM Small Eye Movement
- a detection method for determining that the degree of arousal has been reduced is disclosed.
- Blink swarms and SEM are characteristic phenomena that appear at the beginning of sleep, and a combination of these is used to determine a decrease in arousal level.
- a blink detection unit that detects a blink of a person to be detected, and a blink interval between the blink and the blink just before the blink are detected by the blink detection unit.
- Blinks that occur within a predetermined time, and blink determination means for determining blinks with long eyes closed for a predetermined time or longer, and blinks with long eyes closed from the blinks of the blinks
- a wakefulness detection device is provided that includes wakefulness reduction determination means for determining the degree of wakefulness based on the time until.
- Patent Document 3 is based on an imaging unit that continuously captures an area including the eyes of a determination target person and an image that is continuously captured by the imaging unit in order to accurately detect a cluster blink. Based on the opening degree detecting means for detecting the time series data of the soot opening and the time series data of the soot opening detected by the opening detecting means, the opening degree of the soot is continuously predetermined.
- Clustered blinks in which the maximum and minimum values are extracted from a range that is less than the threshold value, and the interval between blinks detected by the threshold set between the extracted maximum and minimum values is within a predetermined time
- a drowsiness determination device comprising: swarm detection means for detecting blinking and drowsiness determination means for determining a drowsiness state of the person to be determined based on a detection result of the swarm blink detection means .
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 in order to detect a dozing state based only on the blink feature, the relationship between the eye closure time of the first blink and the sleepiness expression value during blink blinking was investigated. As a result, it is shown that when the arousal level is lowered, the eye closing time of the first blink is extended.
- the blink cluster detection of the inventions disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 of the background art described above is generally performed from one minimum value of the closed eye to the following.
- the time to the minimum value was measured as the blink interval TO p (i).
- the determination reference value Th O is set to 1 second, for example, and the case where the inter-blink interval TO p (i) is equal to or less than the determination reference value Th O is defined as a blink blink.
- the inter-blink interval TO p (i) is measured including the time from the minimum value of the closed eye state to the open eye and the time from the open eye state to the extreme value of the closed eye. It was not possible to detect a cluster blink that caused the time for opening the eye to be long, and the blink cluster could not be detected accurately.
- the detection method disclosed in Patent Document 3 detects time series data of the soot opening, and based on the detected time series data of the soot opening, the opening of the soot continues to be a predetermined threshold value. Since blink blinking is determined from a range that is less than the range, it is difficult to accurately measure the eyelid opening degree in a semi-closed eye state, and measurement errors are likely to occur.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 the reference for detecting the dozing state and the detection timing of the real time from the blinking eye closing time in the blink blink are not shown, and the dozing state cannot be accurately determined. . Furthermore, in the determination of the dozing state based only on the eye closing time of the first blink in the blink blinking, there is a problem that the dozing detection accuracy is low and the dozing detection timing is delayed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the background art described above, and can detect a blink swarm accurately with a relatively simple device, and can improve the detection speed and accuracy of dozing. It is an object to provide a detection method and apparatus.
- the present invention measures the state of the human eye from the closed eye to the open eye, with the almost open state as the eye opening time and the other as the eye closing time, which is relative to the average blink interval in the wakefulness state of healthy adults.
- Short time is defined as the first threshold time (judgment clustering determination value Th O )
- a relatively long time is set as the second threshold time (drowsiness) compared to the average eye closure time in the awake state of healthy adults.
- Th C1 Defined as a determination criterion Th C1 ), and when an eye opening equal to or shorter than the first threshold time is detected (s2), blinks before and after that are defined as blink blinks, and among the blinks during blink blinks,
- Th C1 a determination criterion
- This is a dozing detection method in which when the eye-closing time of a blink that occurs after an eye opening time that is less than or equal to one threshold time reaches the second threshold time or more (s5), it is determined to be a doze state.
- the eye-closing time of the blink that occurs before the eye opening that is equal to or less than the first threshold time is equal to or greater than the second threshold time (s3), it is immediately determined to be a doze state.
- This is a dozing detection method.
- the eye closing time that is relatively longer than the second threshold time is set as a third threshold time, and the blinking eye closing time that occurs after the eye opening is less than or equal to the first threshold time among the blinks in the blink eye cluster.
- the time reaches the third threshold time (the dozing criterion Th C2 ) or more (s6) it is immediately determined to be a dozing state.
- the eye closing time relatively longer than the second threshold time is set as the third threshold time, and the eye opening longer than the first threshold time is detected in the detection of the eye opening time, before the blink immediately before that occurs
- the previous blink is determined to be a blink other than a blink swarm
- the eye closing time of a blink other than the blink swarm is the third threshold time or more In (s9), it is immediately determined to be a doze state.
- the eye closing time relatively longer than the second threshold time is set as a third threshold time, and when the eye opening time is detected, the eye opening longer than the first threshold time is detected, and the eye closing time immediately after blinking is detected. When the time reaches the third threshold time or more (s11), it is immediately determined to be a doze state.
- the third threshold time may be, for example, an eye closing time that is relatively longer than the average eye closing time of blinks other than the blink eye cluster in the awake state of a healthy adult.
- the total closed eye time obtained as the sum of the closed eye time of the blink during the blink cluster and the closed eye time of the blink other than the blink cluster is relatively longer than the third threshold time, for example, It is good also as a state.
- the total eye closing time may be obtained by adding a weight to each of the eye closing times of the blink during the blinking blink and the blinks other than the blink blinking.
- the present invention recognizes the position of a person's eyes and detects a state from the eyes closed to the eyes open, and a state in which the eyes of the person are almost opened by the eye closure detection means is an eye opening time
- Blink time measuring means for measuring a time other than as a closed eye time, and a relatively short time compared to an average blink interval in an awake state of a healthy adult is a first threshold time (judgment cluster determination reference value Th O 2 )
- a relatively long time compared to the average eye closure time in the awake state of a healthy adult is defined as a second threshold time (a dozing criterion Th C1 )
- eye opening equal to or less than the first threshold time is defined as
- the blink before and after that is defined as a blink swarm
- the blink swarm discriminating means for discriminating the blink swarm based on the blink time measured by the blink time measuring means, and the blink swarm If detected, the blink swarm
- a dozing device comprising: a dozing determination
- the dozing detection means includes: the blinking eye closing time that occurs before the eye opening that is equal to or less than the first threshold time out of the blinks during the blink blinking;
- the present invention is a dozing detection device including a dozing determination unit that immediately assumes a dozing state when the second threshold time is exceeded.
- the eye closing time that is relatively longer than the second threshold time is set as a third threshold time
- the dozing determination means includes the first blink among the blinks of the blink blink detected by the blink blink determination means.
- the dozing determination unit detects the eye opening longer than the first threshold time by the blink time measuring unit
- the immediately preceding blink is determined to be a blink other than the blink swarm, and the eye closing time of the blink other than the blink swarm is the If the time is equal to or longer than the third threshold time, the device immediately enters a doze state.
- the eye closing time relatively longer than the second threshold time is set as a third threshold time
- the dozing determination means detects eye opening longer than the first threshold time by the blink time measuring means, Immediately after that, when the eye-closing time of blinking reaches the third threshold time or more, a doze state is immediately set.
- the third threshold time may be, for example, an eye closing time that is relatively longer than the average eye closing time of blinks other than the blink eye cluster in the awake state of a healthy adult.
- the dozing determination means includes the eye closing time of the blink during the blink blink detected by the blink blink detection means and the eye closing time of a blink other than the blink blink detected by the blink time measurement means.
- the doze determining means can also be obtained by adding the total eye closure time to the blinking eye during the blink cluster and the eye closure time of the blink other than the eyebrow crowding.
- a dozing detection device having alarm means for issuing a dozing alarm based on the determination result of the dozing state may be used.
- the present invention is applicable to a vehicle equipped with the dozing detection device.
- the drowsiness detection method and apparatus of the present invention can detect snoozing accurately and quickly with a simple apparatus at low cost. As a result, it is possible to detect a driver's nap early in a vehicle or the like and improve driving safety.
- the graph (a) which shows the sleepiness expression value of one Example of this invention, the graph (b) which shows the total eye closure time of the blink during blink blink, the graph (c) which shows the average eye closure time of a single eye blink, the eye blink It is a graph (d) which shows the total eye closure time of a cluster blink and a single blink.
- FIGS. 1 to 7 show an embodiment of the present invention.
- a dozing detection device 30 of this embodiment has a photographing unit 32 composed of a CCD camera or the like for photographing the face of a driver 31, for example.
- a driver monitor ECU 33 in which a dozing detection algorithm for detecting blinks and the like by processing an image generated by the photographing unit 32 is provided.
- the driver monitor ECU 33 is connected to a navigation system 34 for visually urging an alarm when a wakefulness level is displayed or when a sleep state occurs.
- the driver monitor ECU 33 urges the speaker 35 to give an alarm even by sound when the driver 31 becomes doze.
- the driver monitor ECU 33 performs brake control of the vehicle by the brake control device 36 when the driver 31 continues to fall asleep.
- the driver monitor ECU 33 includes a CPU, a ROM that stores programs such as control routines, a RAM that stores data, and a storage device such as a hard disk that stores other programs and data.
- the doze detection function provided in the driver monitor ECU 33 processes the image captured by the photographing unit 32 to detect the blink defined by the present invention, and the eye opening time and the eye closure of the blink detected by the eye closure detection means.
- Blink time measuring means for measuring time
- blink blinking discriminating means for discriminating blink blinks based on the blink time measured by the blink time measuring means
- doze discrimination for determining doze based on these measurement results It is comprised by the execution program of the dozing detection algorithm which consists of means.
- the detection and determination of the dozing state is performed as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 4 based on the definition of the eye closing time at the time of the blinking blinking illustrated in FIG.
- the eye-opening time TO (i) (i is a natural number) is measured by the blinking eye cluster detection means provided in the driver monitor ECU 33 (s1).
- a closed eye state is detected by the closed eye detection means during the measurement, and it is checked whether or not the determined eye opening time TO (i) is equal to or less than the determination reference value Th 2 O which is the first threshold time (s2).
- the eye opening time TO (i) is equal to or less than the determination reference value Th O for the blink eye cluster, the blinks occurring before and after the eye opening state are determined as the blink eye cluster.
- the dozing determination unit determines that the eye is closed when the eye-closing time TC (i ⁇ 1) of the blink occurring before this eye-opening state is equal to or greater than the dozing criterion Th C1 that is the second threshold time. (S3).
- a state in which the eyes are almost opened is defined as an eye opening time, and the rest is defined as an eye closing time.
- a relatively short time compared with the average blink interval in the awake state of a healthy adult is defined as a first threshold time (judgment cluster determination reference value Th O ).
- a relatively long time is defined as the second threshold time (a dozing criterion Th C1 ) compared to the average eye closure time in the awake state of a healthy adult.
- the eye closing time TC (i) is measured by the blinking clustering discrimination means (s4). If the closed eye time TC (i) is equal to or greater than the dozing criterion Th C1 , it is immediately determined that the patient is in a dozing state (s5). Further, if the eye closing time TC (i) is equal to or more than another dozing criterion Th C2 that is a third threshold time longer than the second threshold time (a dozing criterion Th C2 > a dozing criterion Th C1 ). Immediately, it is determined that the patient is dozing (s6).
- the eye-closing time TC (i) is determined by the eye-blink grouping determining means (s7).
- the third threshold time is set to a relatively long eye closing time than the second threshold time, but is appropriately relative to, for example, the average eye closing time of blinks other than the blink swarm in the awake state of a healthy adult. It may be a long eye-closing time.
- the eye opening time TO (i) is longer than the determination reference value Th O for the blinking eye cluster
- the eye opening time TO (i ⁇ 1) before the blink immediately before the eye opening state is the determination reference value Th O for the eye blink clustering.
- the blink immediately before the eye-opening state is a blink other than the blink swarm (s8).
- the eye closing time TC (i ⁇ 1) immediately before the eye-opening state is equal to or longer than the dozing criterion Th C2 , it is determined that it is a dozing state (s9).
- the eye-closing time TC (i) is measured by the blinking cluster detection unit (s10).
- the closed eye time TC (i) is equal to or greater than the dozing criterion Th C2 , it is immediately determined that the patient is in a dozing state (s11). Thereafter, when the eye-opening state is detected by the eye-closing detecting means, it is determined that the blinking has ended, and the eye-closing time TC (i) is determined by the eye-blink grouping determining means (s12).
- the eye position detection method binarizes the face grayscale image acquired by the photographing unit 32 by threshold processing, and performs template matching on the binarized image using the one-eye partial template 20 shown in FIG.
- template matching for example, a residual successive detection method is used.
- the diameter of the cornea of the adult eye 24 is about 11 mm (length: 9.3 to 11 mm, width: 10.6 to 12 mm). Since the size of the iris 22 which is a black eye substantially matches the cornea size, in this embodiment, the size of the iris 22 is set to 11 mm in diameter.
- the one-eye portion template 20 is configured by a cruciform straight line, and is set to have a horizontal width of 11 mm and a vertical width of 6 mm on the screen of the monitor 16, for example. The number of pixels per mm is calculated based on the number of pixels by drawing a straight line of a certain length on the monitor 16.
- 1 mm is 4.2 pixels, 11 mm is about 46 pixels, and 6 mm is about 25 pixels.
- the template matching is performed by moving the one-eye portion template 20 by four pixels.
- the matching degree of the horizontal width of the one-eye portion template 20 is compared for each pixel of the image, and the matching degree of the vertical width is compared with that of skipping one pixel, and the matching degree of 90% or more of the horizontal width and 40% or more of the vertical width is simultaneously satisfied.
- the part where the one-eye part template 20 overlaps is determined to be eye-catching.
- the template matching by the one-eye partial template 20 may erroneously detect some prominent areas on the image.
- the features around the eyes 24 are used as check items, and as shown in FIG.
- the check point a at the position of the eyebrow 28 is between 25 and 50 mm above the center of the one-eye portion template 20 in consideration of differences due to individual differences in the human face.
- the check point b between them is also 15 to 27 mm
- the check point c below the eyes 24 is also 15 to 22 mm.
- the check point b is determined by comparing with the threshold value based on the binarized pixel values. As a result, it is determined from the binarized image data that there is no black portion immediately above the eye 24, a black portion by the eyebrow 28 is detected above, and no black portion below the eye 24.
- the degree of matching of these check items is 10% or more at the position of the eyebrow 28 compared with the threshold value based on the pixel value in the upper part of the eye 24, and between the eyebrow 28 and the eye 24.
- a matching degree of 20% or more is obtained at the position of, and a matching degree of 20% or more is obtained at the position below the eye 24, it is determined that the condition conformity around the eye 24 is satisfied.
- the final determination that the eye is 24 is determined by template matching using the one-eye partial template 20 and feature check items around the eye 24.
- the blink of the eye 24 is detected.
- the blink detection as shown in FIGS. 2A and 3A, the blink is detected from a change in the area of the iris 22 which is a black eye.
- the area of the iris 22 is measured from the grayscale image acquired by the photographing unit 12. Then, the area measurement of the iris 22 is less than a predetermined threshold value S th, for example, stores the maximum value of the area of the iris 22, the open-eye state from its maximum value, for example, 5-15% preferably 10% less area as the threshold value S th Determine whether or not.
- the degree of matching between the width of the iris 22 and the one-eye part template 20 satisfies, for example, 85 to 95%, preferably 90% or more, it is determined that the eye 22 is eye-open. Is considered to be consistent.
- the eye is closed, as shown in FIG. 7, a long black portion is formed in the lateral direction by the eyelashes 26. Therefore, in order to prevent a large area from being measured, the horizontal measurement range of the area of the iris 22 is one eye.
- the width of the partial template 20 is assumed.
- the vertical measurement range is that there are many matching points of the one-eye portion template 20 in the iris 22, so that the match point is deviated from the center of the iris 22, and from the center of the one-eye portion template 20.
- the range is 50 pixels in the vertical direction.
- the iris area measurement procedure is to measure the area of the iris 22 after the eye 24 is recognized. It moves to the left from the center position of the one-eye partial template 20 until the pixel density value becomes equal to or higher than the binarization threshold value of the iris 22, and the movement distance is calculated. Next, the distance is calculated in the same way in the right direction, and the sum of the left and right movement distances is defined as the horizontal width of the iris 22. Then, the same operation is repeated on the upper side of the one-eye partial template 20 within the measurement range, and the lateral width is summed. In the same manner, the lateral width is added to the lower side of the one-eye portion template 20. This measurement is performed in the same manner when the eyes are closed.
- the measurement range in the horizontal direction is the horizontal width of the one-eye portion template 20, and a dark portion whose pixel density value is equal to or less than the binarization threshold value of the iris 22 is the vertical width of the eyelash 26 in the vertical direction. Accordingly, the area of the iris 22 when the eye is opened is a larger value within the measurement range than when the eyelash 26 when the eye is closed.
- the sum of the dark portions where the pixel density value is less than or equal to the binarization threshold value of the iris 22 (the portion within the movement distance) within the measurement range of FIG. 7 is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold value S th shown in FIGS. If so, it is determined that the iris 22 is open. Further, if this sum is equal to or less than the threshold value Sth, it is assumed that the eye is closed.
- the method of using the dozing detection device 30 of this embodiment is provided in the vicinity of the driver's seat of an automobile, train, or other work machine, the driver is photographed by the photographing unit 32, and the above first threshold time (determination reference value) is used.
- a blink blink is detected by a process based on Th O
- any of the blinking eye closure times during the blink blink is equal to or longer than a second threshold time (sleeping criterion Th C1 )
- the eye is closed when the eye-closing time of blinks other than the blink swarm is equal to or longer than the third threshold time (the dozing criterion Th C2 ).
- the safety of driving a car or the like can be greatly improved.
- the time from the minimum value of the closed eye to the minimum value is measured as the interval between eye blinks TO p (i).
- an irregular method for measuring the time from the start of the closed eye to the start of the next closed eye as the inter-blink interval TO p (i), or from the end of the closed eye to the end of the next closed eye There is an anomalous method of measuring time as the blink interval TO p (i).
- these irregular measurement methods cannot detect clustered blinks including closed eyes for a long time, they do not solve the problems of the above-described general blink detection method. It can be said that the blinking swarm detection method is superior in detecting doze.
- the dozing detection device of this embodiment detects a blink cluster by a first threshold time (determination reference value Th O ) using only the eye opening time as a criterion, and the eye-closing time of each blink in the blink cluster is a second In the threshold time (slumber criterion Th C1 ), the eye-closure time of blinks other than the blink cluster is determined by the third threshold time (snaps criterion Th C2 ), so that the dozing state is determined early, Contributes to the reliable prevention of snoozing.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus equipped with a dozing detection device.
- a computer 14 in which a photographing unit 12 composed of a CCD camera or the like for photographing the face of the subject 11 and a dozing detection program for detecting blinks by processing an image generated by the photographing unit 12 is installed. It consists of The computer 14 is connected to a monitor 16 such as a liquid crystal display that displays captured images.
- a screen 18 for displaying the field of view during driving includes a seat 13 on which the subject 11 sits, a handle 15, an instrument display unit 17, an accelerator 19, and the like, and has a configuration similar to that of a normal automobile.
- a sleepiness expression value which is a relative index representing the arousal level of the subject 11 during the experiment
- the facial expression of the subject 11 during the experiment was recorded.
- the degree of sleepiness was judged by two observers, and the sleepiness expression value (Rated Sleepiness) of the test subject 11 was digitized by scoring.
- the average of the judgment values of the two persons was taken as a sleepiness expression value, and smoothed by a 30-second moving average every 5 seconds and described in the graph.
- the numerical value of the drowsiness expression value was attached with the following numerical values. 5. It ’s not sleepy at all 4). A little sleepy 3. Sleepy 2. Looks pretty sleepy 1. Sleeping
- the determination reference value Th O for blinking swarms defined as the first threshold time is set to 1 second.
- FIG. 9 the distribution of the first eye closure time (upper stage) according to the definition of the blink cluster according to the present invention and the conventional blink cluster for two subjects (Sub.1-1, Sub.2-1).
- the distribution (lower stage) of the 1st eye closure time by a definition is shown.
- the vertical axis represents the first eye closing time of blink blinks
- the horizontal axis represents the drowsiness expression value. From FIG. 9, when the drowsiness expression value is 2 to 3, the first eye closure time of the blink group in the definition of the present invention (FIG. 2A) and the conventional blink definition (FIG. 2B) is compared.
- FIG. 10 shows the distribution of the second eye closure time (upper stage) according to the definition of eyebrow swarm according to the present invention and another conventional subject (Sub.8-1, Sub.6-2).
- the distribution (lower stage) of the 2nd eye closure time by the definition of eye cluster is shown.
- the vertical axis represents the second eye closure time of blink blinks
- the horizontal axis represents the drowsiness expression value. From FIG. 10, when the drowsiness expression value is 2 to 3, the second eye closure time of the blink group in the definition of the present invention (FIG. 2A) and the conventional blink definition (FIG.
- the dozing criterion Th C1 defined as the second threshold time in the embodiment is set to 1 second.
- the third threshold time was set to 2 seconds as a closed eye time relatively longer than the second threshold time.
- the third threshold time was used as a dozing judgment standard for blinks (single blinks) other than blink blinks.
- FIG. 11 shows dozing detection by the dozing detection method of the present invention.
- the subject (Sub.1-1) detects blink blinks immediately after the start of the experiment ( ⁇ mark), After that, at the first time point (1086 seconds) when the second closed eye ( ⁇ mark) was first detected for 1 second or longer, it was determined to be asleep.
- the sleepiness expression value of the subject goes up and down around 3, indicating that the subject is enduring sleepiness.
- the detection method of the present invention accurately detects the dozing. It was confirmed.
- FIG. 12 shows the case of the subject (Sub.5-1), and a blinking cluster is detected immediately after the start of the experiment (marked with ⁇ ) as in the case of the subject (Sub.1-1).
- the sleepiness expression value is close to 3, and since the sleepiness expression value is further lowered, it can be understood that it is time to enter a doze state, and the detection method of the present invention makes it possible to accurately doze. It was confirmed that it was detected.
- a blink cluster was detected immediately after the start of the experiment (marked with ⁇ ), and the closed eye time of a single blink that was not a blink cluster was detected for 2 seconds or more (gray ⁇ At the first time point (marked) (454 seconds), it was determined to be asleep. At this time, the sleepiness expression value is close to 2 and the sleepiness expression value still fluctuates around 3. Therefore, it is understood that it is time to enter the doze state, and the doze is accurately detected. I found out.
- FIG. 14 shows the difference in dozing detection time between the present invention and the conventional method for the subject (Sub.3-2) in FIG.
- the time interval from the time immediately after the occurrence of the blink cluster to the end time of the long-term eye closure is within 10 seconds in the definition of the blink cluster shown in FIG.
- the time at the earliest part that was 10 seconds or less was recorded.
- the dozing since the dozing was detected (gray ⁇ mark) by the determination of the eye closing time of 2 seconds or more in the present invention, the dozing could be detected at an early timing (454 seconds).
- the detection time of dozing is 939 seconds from the start of measurement, which is later than the method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 shows the result of measuring the dozing detection time according to the present invention and the conventional method for another subject (Sub.2-2).
- the present invention was able to detect doze (gray ⁇ mark) based on the determination that the eye closure time was 2 seconds or longer for a single blink, and to detect doze early (781 seconds).
- the detection time is 1129 seconds after the start of the measurement, which is later than the method according to the present invention.
- the determination is first made that the first closed eye of the blink blink is 1 second or longer (gray ⁇ mark) and the second closed eye is 1 second or longer ( ⁇ mark). It can be seen from the time points that both appear to detect dozing earlier than the conventional method, and from this point it can also be seen that the method according to the present invention can detect dozing earlier.
- FIG. 16 shows the time transition of the sleepiness expression value of the subject (Sub.1-1) in FIG. 11, and FIG. 16 (a) shows the blinking swarm occurrence position ( ⁇ ) by the detection method according to the present invention
- FIG. (B) illustrates the blinking swarm occurrence position (O) according to the conventional method
- FIG. 16 (a) shows a portion where the first closed eye (gray ⁇ ) and the second closed eye in the blinking eye blinks for more than 1 second ( ⁇ ).
- FIG. 16B shows a blinking swarm occurrence position ( ⁇ ) according to the conventional method and a spot (gray ⁇ ) where the eye-closing time of blinking is 1 second or more.
- a to E indicate the time points when the long-term closed eye after blinking is 10 seconds or less.
- the conventional method has the fastest detection time of dozing, and is 1315 seconds indicated by point A after the start of the experiment.
- the first time point (first ⁇ ) when the second closed eye in the blinking eye cluster is 1 second or more, which is 1086 seconds after the start of the experiment.
- a snooze is detected.
- the first time point (first gray ⁇ ) in which the first closed eye in the blink blinking is 1 second or longer is seen, it is detected earlier than in the case of the conventional method. I understand.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of another embodiment using an experimental apparatus (FIG. 8) having the configuration of the dozing detection apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 shows the experimental results of the subject (Sub.8-1).
- FIG. 17A shows the drowsiness expression value
- FIG. 17B shows the total sum of the eye closure times of all blinks in the blinking cluster.
- the closed eye time (seconds) shows the average closed eye time (seconds) in 30 seconds for a single blink
- FIG. 17 (d) shows the closed eye times (seconds) of all blinks in the blink eye cluster.
- the time transition of the total eye closure time (second) which added the average eye closure time in 30 seconds of a single blink is shown.
- the total eye closing time T sum may be obtained by adding various weights, such as .5.
- the dozing detection device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and blink detection may be performed by a method other than the above, by detecting two or more blinks consecutive in a short time. It may be a blink blink.
- the definition of the eye opening time and the eye closing time and the determination reference value of the present invention include values rounded off to the nearest decimal point. Specifically, for example, a range from 0.5 seconds to less than 1.5 seconds is included. This is included in the definition of 1 second of the present invention, and this range may be 1 second.
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Abstract
Description
5.全く眠くなさそう
4.やや眠そう
3.眠そう
2.かなり眠そう
1.眠っている
11 被験者
12,32 撮影部
14 パーソナルコンピュータ
16 モニタ
30 居眠り検出装置
31 ドライバー
33 ドライバーモニターECU
34 ナビゲーションシステム
35 スピーカ
36 ブレーキ制御装置
Claims (18)
- 人の目の閉眼から開眼までの状態のうち、ほぼ開眼した状態を開眼時間とし、それ以外を閉眼時間として測定し、
健常成人の覚醒状態における平均瞬目間間隔に比べて相対的に短い時間を第一の閾値時間として定義し、
健常成人の覚醒状態における平均閉眼時間に比べて相対的に長い時間を第二の閾値時間として定義し、
前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼を検出した場合にその前後の瞬きを瞬目群発と定義し、
前記瞬目群発中の瞬きのうち、前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼時間の後に生じた瞬きの閉眼時間が、前記第二の閾値時間以上に達した場合に居眠り状態と判断することを特徴とする居眠り検出方法。 - 前記瞬目群発中の瞬きのうち、前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼の前に生じた瞬きの閉眼時間が、前記第二の閾値時間以上の場合に直ちに居眠り状態と判断する請求項1記載の居眠り検出方法。
- 前記第二の閾値時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間を第三の閾値時間として設定し、前記瞬目群発中の瞬きのうち、前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼の後に生じた瞬きの閉眼時間が、前記第三の閾値時間以上に達した場合に直ちに居眠り状態と判断する請求項1記載の居眠り検出方法。
- 前記第二の閾値時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間を第三の閾値時間として設定し、前記開眼時間の検出に際して前記第一の閾値時間より長い開眼を検出した場合、その直前の瞬きが生じる前の開眼時間が前記第一の閾値時間より長い場合に、前記直前の瞬きを瞬目群発以外の瞬きと判定し、前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの閉眼時間が前記第三の閾値時間以上の場合に直ちに居眠り状態と判断する請求項1記載の居眠り検出方法。
- 前記第二の閾値時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間を第三の閾値時間として設定し、前記開眼時間の検出に際して前記第一の閾値時間より長い開眼を検出し、その直後の瞬きの閉眼時間が前記第三の閾値時間以上に達した場合に直ちに居眠り状態と判断する請求項1記載の居眠り検出方法。
- 前記第三の閾値時間は、健常成人の覚醒状態における前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの平均閉眼時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間であるとする請求項3,4又は5記載の居眠り検出方法。
- 前記瞬目群発中の瞬きの前記閉眼時間と前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの前記閉眼時間の和として得られる合計閉眼時間が、前記第三の閾値時間より相対的に長い場合に居眠り状態とする請求項6記載の居眠り検出方法。
- 前記合計閉眼時間は、前記瞬目群発中の瞬きと前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの前記閉眼時間にそれぞれ重みをかけて足し合わせることにより求められる請求項7記載の居眠り検出方法。
- 人の目の位置を認識して、目の閉眼から開眼までの状態を検出する閉眼検出手段と、
前記閉眼検出手段により人の目がほぼ開眼した状態を開眼時間とし、それ以外を閉眼時間として測定する瞬目時間測定手段とを備え、
健常成人の覚醒状態における平均瞬目間間隔に比べて相対的に短い時間を第一の閾値時間として定義し、
健常成人の覚醒状態における平均閉眼時間に比べて相対的に長い時間を第二の閾値時間として定義し、
前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼を検出した場合にその前後の瞬きを瞬目群発と定義し、
前記瞬目時間測定手段により測定した瞬きの時間を基に前記瞬目群発を判別する瞬目群発判別手段と、
前記瞬目群発を検出した場合、前記瞬目群発中の瞬きのうち、前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼の後に生じた瞬きの閉眼時間が前記第二の閾値時間以上に達した場合に居眠り状態であるとする居眠り判別手段とを備えたことを特徴とする居眠り検出装置。 - 前記居眠り判別手段は、前記瞬目群発判別手段により検出された前記瞬目群発の瞬きのうち、前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼の前に生じた瞬きの閉眼時間が前記第二の閾値時間以上の場合に直ちに居眠り状態であるとする請求項9に記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 前記第二の閾値時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間を第三の閾値時間として設定し、前記居眠り判別手段は、前記瞬目群発判別手段により検出された前記瞬目群発の瞬きのうち、前記第一の閾値時間以下の開眼の後に生じた瞬きの閉眼時間が、前記第三の閾値時間以上に達した場合に直ちに居眠り状態であるとする請求項9記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 前記第二の閾値時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間を第三の閾値時間として設定し、前記居眠り判別手段は、前記瞬目時間測定手段により、前記第一の閾値時間より長い開眼を検出した場合、その直前の瞬きが生じる前の開眼時間が前記第一の閾値時間より長い場合に、前記直前の瞬きを瞬目群発以外の瞬きと判定し、前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの閉眼時間が前記第三の閾値時間以上の場合に直ちに居眠り状態とする請求項9記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 前記第二の閾値時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間を第三の閾値時間として設定し、前記居眠り判別手段は、前記瞬目時間測定手段により、前記第一の閾値時間より長い開眼を検出し、その直後の瞬きの閉眼時間が前記第三の閾値時間以上に達した場合に直ちに居眠り状態とする請求項9記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 前記第三の閾値時間は、健常成人の覚醒状態における前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの平均閉眼時間より相対的に長い閉眼時間であるとする請求項11,12又は13記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 前記居眠り判別手段は、前記瞬目群発判別手段により検出された前記瞬目群発中の瞬きの前記閉眼時間と、前記瞬目時間測定手段により検出された前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの前記閉眼時間の和として得られる合計閉眼時間が、前記第三の閾値時間より相対的に長い場合に居眠り状態とする請求項14記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 前記居眠り判別手段は、前記合計閉眼時間を前記瞬目群発中の瞬きと前記瞬目群発以外の瞬きの前記閉眼時間にそれぞれ重みをかけて足し合わせることにより求める請求項15記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 前記居眠り状態の判断結果に基づき、居眠り警報を発する警報手段を備えた請求項9乃至16のいずれかに記載の居眠り検出装置。
- 請求項9乃至17のいずれかに記載の居眠り検出装置を備えたことを特徴とする車両。
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CN106716515B (zh) * | 2014-09-11 | 2019-06-07 | 株式会社电装 | 驾驶员状态判定装置 |
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Also Published As
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EP2754393A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
CN103974656A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
KR101604232B1 (ko) | 2016-03-17 |
US20140205149A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US9286515B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 |
JPWO2013035704A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
CN103974656B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
EP2754393A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
JP5679066B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
KR20140066162A (ko) | 2014-05-30 |
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