WO2013026228A1 - 球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置及方法 - Google Patents

球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013026228A1
WO2013026228A1 PCT/CN2011/081105 CN2011081105W WO2013026228A1 WO 2013026228 A1 WO2013026228 A1 WO 2013026228A1 CN 2011081105 W CN2011081105 W CN 2011081105W WO 2013026228 A1 WO2013026228 A1 WO 2013026228A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spherical
test piece
test
ball
sleeve
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PCT/CN2011/081105
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄玉美
刘耀
张隆义
张广鹏
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西安理工大学
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Application filed by 西安理工大学 filed Critical 西安理工大学
Priority to JP2014511704A priority Critical patent/JP5750193B2/ja
Publication of WO2013026228A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013026228A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04Bearings
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/02Measuring coefficient of friction between materials

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of joint surface testing of mechanical structures, and relates to typical spherical and conical surfaces, spherical surfaces and ball sockets, spherical surfaces and planes, spherical and straight channels, spherical surfaces and annular inner channels, spherical surfaces and annular shapes.
  • the joint surface stiffness test of the spherical surface and the rotating surface of the channel in particular, relates to a spherical-rotation surface joint surface contact stiffness testing device, and to a method for testing the contact stiffness of the spherical-rotation surface joint surface by using the device.
  • Typical rotary surfaces in mechanical structures are spherical (double-degree-of-freedom rotary surface, outer spherical surface), ball-and-socket (inner spherical surface), plane (single-degree-of-freedom rotary surface with infinite radius), and conical surface (straight busbar and rotary axis are constant
  • An angled and coplanar single-degree-of-freedom surface a straight channel (inner cylindrical surface, a single-degree-of-freedom surface parallel to the axis of rotation), and an annular channel surface (the arc bus is coplanar with the axis of rotation)
  • the single-degree-of-freedom rotary surface is further divided into a circular inner channel rotating surface and a circular outer channel rotating surface).
  • the joint surface composed of the spherical surface of the sphere and the rotating surface of the rotating body is called a spherical-rotating surface joint surface.
  • the main types include: spherical-conical surface joint surface, spherical surface-ball joint surface, spherical-plane joint surface, spherical surface - Straight channel joint surface, spherical surface - annular inner channel joint surface, spherical surface - annular outer channel joint surface.
  • the contact stiffness of the spherical-rotation surface joint surface is generally obtained by an analytical method based on the basic test data.
  • the reliability of the analytical method and the analytical result must be verified by the test, but the spherical-rotation surface joint surface exists in the test system, especially It is difficult to directly detect the displacement of the sphere, so if the contact stiffness of the spherical-rotation surface joint obtained by the test method is not accurate, it cannot be used reliably.
  • test technical scheme To verify the correctness of the contact stiffness analysis method of the spherical-rotation surface joint surface, and to obtain and accumulate accurate spherical-rotation surface joint surface contact stiffness data resources by test method, the test technical scheme, test device and specific implementation test The method is critical to ensuring the accuracy of the test.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a spherical-rotation surface joint surface contact stiffness test apparatus which solves the problem that the accuracy of the contact stiffness test for the spherical-rotation surface joint surface which is existing in the prior art is difficult to ensure.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a test method for the contact stiffness of a spherical-rotation surface joint surface.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a spherical-rotation surface joint surface contact stiffness testing device, which is included in the frame test bench, along the vertical axis direction of the frame test bench, from the bottom plate of the frame test bench to the bottom plate of the frame test bench.
  • a lower test piece having a rotating surface at the upper end, a spherical test piece, an upper test piece having a rotating surface at the lower end, and a loading assembly are sequentially disposed between the top plates of the frame test bench, and the rotating surface of the upper test piece is pressed on the spherical test piece.
  • the ball test piece is pressed on the rotating surface of the lower test piece, and the lower test piece is fixed on the bottom plate of the frame test stand, the loading component includes a three-direction force sensor mounted on the upper surface of the upper test piece, and the three-direction force sensor
  • the sleeve is connected by a connecting screw, and the lower end of the sleeve is set on the outer circumference of the three-way force sensor, and the upper port of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a retaining ring, and the outer end of the sleeve is sleeved with a sleeve, and the sleeve is sleeved
  • the outer diameter of the sleeve is matched with the inner hole of the flange sleeve, and the upper surface of the flange sleeve is fixedly connected with the top plate of the frame test stand; the top plate of the frame test stand, the upper end of the flange sleeve, and the
  • a plurality of displacement sensors are mounted on the upper test piece, and each displacement sensor probe is aligned with the lower test piece, and is arranged along a circumference parallel to the Z axis and symmetric to the center of the sphere of the spherical test piece.
  • Another technical solution adopted by the present invention is a test method for contact stiffness of a spherical surface and a rotating surface joint surface, using a test device,
  • the testing device is included in the frame test bench, along the vertical axis direction of the frame test bench, from the bottom plate of the frame test bench to the top plate of the frame test bench, and the upper end has a rotating surface in turn.
  • the loading assembly includes a three-way force sensor mounted on an upper surface of the upper test piece, and the three-way force sensor is connected with a sleeve through a connecting screw, and the lower end of the sleeve is set on the outer circumference of the three-way force sensor, and the sleeve is sleeved
  • the upper port of the cylinder is fixedly connected with a retaining ring, and the outer end of the sleeve is sleeved with a flange sleeve, and the outer diameter of the sleeve is matched with the inner hole of the flange sleeve, and the upper surface of the flange sleeve and the frame test bench are
  • the top plate is fixedly connected; the top plate of the frame test stand, the upper end of the flange sleeve, and the retaining ring are provided with a loading screw, and the loading screw and the connecting screw and the three-direction force sensor are coaxially arranged
  • a plurality of displacement sensors are mounted on the upper test piece, and each displacement sensor probe is aligned with the lower test piece, and is arranged along a circumference parallel to the Z axis and symmetric to the center of the spherical test piece.
  • the loading assembly for loading, rotation of the screw down load is applied to the test piece to ⁇ load F z, a three-component force sensors to measure the load Z z F., While the displacement sensor detected by the respective upper and lower test specimens The relative displacement between the pieces in the Z direction is taken as the average value of the measured values of the respective displacement sensors as ⁇ ⁇ , and finally the contact stiffness of the spherical-rotation surface joint surface is obtained by the corresponding formula.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the spherical-conical surface contact stiffness, the spherical-ball joint contact stiffness, the plane-spherical joint surface stiffness, the straight channel-spherical surface are obtained by the double joint surface test scheme of the rotary surface-spherical-rotation surface.
  • Joint surface stiffness, annular inner channel-spherical joint surface stiffness and annular outer channel-spherical joint surface stiffness six types of spherical-rotational surface single joint surface contact stiffness; parallel test verification, improved spherical-rotation surface
  • parallel test verification improved spherical-rotation surface
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a test device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double-joint surface contact stiffness test of a conical surface-spherical-conical surface according to the method of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double joint surface contact stiffness test of a ball-and-sphere-ball socket according to the method of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double-joint surface contact stiffness test of a ball-and-spherical-conical surface according to the method of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double-joint surface contact stiffness test of a plane-spherical-conical surface according to the method of the present invention
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double-joint surface contact stiffness test of a plane-spherical-ball socket according to the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a test piece for performing a double-joint surface contact stiffness test of a straight channel-spherical-conical surface according to the method of the present invention
  • FIG. a is a schematic cross-sectional view
  • FIG. b is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a test piece for performing a double-joint surface contact stiffness test of a straight channel-spherical-ball socket according to the method of the present invention
  • Figure a is a schematic cross-sectional view
  • Figure b is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of Figure a
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of Figure BB
  • FIG. a is a schematic cross-sectional view
  • FIG. b is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double joint surface contact stiffness test of a ring-shaped inner channel-spherical-ball socket according to the method of the present invention
  • Fig. a is a schematic cross-sectional view
  • Fig. b is a schematic view of a D-D cross-section in Fig. a;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double joint surface contact stiffness test of an annular outer channel-spherical-conical surface according to the method of the present invention
  • Fig. a is a schematic cross-sectional view
  • Fig. b is a schematic view of the E-E cross-section in Fig. a;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a test piece for performing a double joint surface contact rigidity test of an annular outer channel-spherical-ball socket according to the method of the present invention
  • Fig. a is a schematic cross-sectional view
  • Fig. b is a cross-sectional view of the F-F portion in Fig. a.
  • the device structure of the spherical-rotation surface joint surface stiffness test of the present invention is included in the frame test stand 13, along the vertical axis direction of the frame test stand 13, from the frame test stand 13
  • a bottom test piece having a rotating surface at an upper end, a spherical test piece 2, an upper test piece 3 having a rotating surface at a lower end, and a loading assembly, and a rotating surface of the upper test piece 3 are sequentially disposed between the bottom plate and the top plate of the frame test stand 13 Pressed on the spherical test piece 2, the spherical test piece 2 is pressed against the rotating surface of the lower test piece 1, and the lower test piece 1 is fixed to the bottom plate of the frame-shaped test stand 13.
  • the above-described loading assembly includes a loading screw 12, a flange sleeve 11, a thrust bearing 10, a retaining ring 9, a radial bearing 8, a nut 7, a sleeve 6, a connecting screw 5, and a three-way force sensor 4.
  • the loading assembly structure includes a three-direction force sensor 4 mounted on the upper surface of the upper test piece 3, and a sleeve 6 is connected to the three-way force sensor 4 via a connecting screw 5, and the lower end of the sleeve 6 is fitted with a three-way force
  • the upper port of the sleeve 6 is fixedly connected with a retaining ring 9, and the outer end of the sleeve 6 is provided with a flange sleeve 11 on the outer circumference of the sleeve 6, and the outer diameter of the ring of the sleeve 6 and the circle of the flange sleeve 11
  • the upper surface of the flange sleeve 11 is fixedly connected with the top plate of the frame test stand 13; the top plate of the frame test stand 13 and the upper end of the flange sleeve 11 and the retaining ring 9 are provided with a loading screw 12
  • the loading screw 12 is disposed coaxially with the connecting screw 5
  • a plurality of displacement sensors ⁇ are mounted on the upper test piece 3, and the probes of each displacement sensor are aligned with the lower test piece 1, and are arranged along the circumference parallel to the x-axis and symmetric to the center of the spherical test piece 2.
  • the loading screw 12 is screwed to the flange sleeve 11 , and the upper end of the thrust bearing 10 and the loading screw 12
  • the shoulder of the thrust bearing is pressed, the lower end of the thrust bearing 10 is pressed against the retaining ring 9; the radial bearing 8 is fitted in the lower part of the loading screw 12, and the outer diameter of the bearing is matched with the inner hole of the sleeve of the sleeve 6, and the lower diameter of the loading screw 12 is extended.
  • a nut 7 is attached to the end of the bearing 8.
  • the above-mentioned device of the present invention performs the contact stiffness test principle of the spherical surface-various rotary surface joint surface, and adopts a double joint surface test method of a rotary surface-spherical surface-rotation surface which simultaneously contacts the upper and lower rotary bodies with a spherical body to solve
  • the problem of direct displacement of the spherical displacement is difficult to detect; and the test scheme for obtaining the joint and parallel verification test of the spherical-various surface contact surface stiffness is adopted to improve the accuracy of the test.
  • test methods use the same spherical test piece 2, for different spherical surfaces - various rotary surface joints, the specific test methods are,
  • the lower end of the upper test piece 3 is a conical surface
  • the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a conical surface
  • the conical surface of the upper test piece 3 has the same surface characteristics as the conical surface of the lower test piece 1 (BP, the conical surface is determined)
  • the surface characteristics are the same as the taper, material, processing method and precision.
  • the spherical test piece 2 is placed between the conical surface of the upper test piece 3 and the conical surface of the lower test piece 1, and the conical surface of the upper test piece 3 is
  • the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-conical surface joint surface
  • the conical surface of the lower test piece 1 and the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 form another identical spherical-conical surface joint surface, which constitutes a conical surface-spherical surface-conical surface Double joint surface.
  • the specific test method is: 1 first adjust each component so that the line of action of the load F z is parallel Yu Yu
  • the shaft passes through the center of the spherical test piece 2, and is adjusted and monitored by the reading of the three-direction force sensor 4.
  • the other components of the three-way force sensor 4 are monitored and adjusted to be approximately zero, and only the axial component of the three-way force sensor 4 is used.
  • Z is the normal load F z; then adjust the installation of the displacement sensor, in a direction parallel to the Z axis and symmetrical to the center of the sphere 2 around the sphere specimen disposed a plurality of displacement sensors, for monitoring the adjustment of the displacement sensor readings, so the application of Z
  • the change of the reading value of each displacement sensor to the load FJf is approximately the same to ensure that the measured displacement ⁇ ⁇ is consistent with the direction of the Z-direction load F z ; 2 the displacement sensor is fixed on the upper test piece 3, and the probe is aligned with the lower test piece 1, And the mounting point and the measuring point are as close as possible to the spherical test piece 2, and the deformation of the upper test piece 3, the spherical test piece 2 and the lower test piece 1 is calculated by the finite element, and the influence is removed from the detection result, so that the measured value ⁇ ⁇ contains only the conical surface - spherical - bis binding surface of the tapered surface of the contact deformation; 3 use loading component
  • a double joint surface contact stiffness test scheme using a ball-and-sphere-ball socket and the above test apparatus are used, wherein the lower end of the upper test piece 3 is a ball socket (ie, an inner spherical surface), and the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a ball socket.
  • a ball socket ie, an inner spherical surface
  • the ball socket of the upper test piece 3 has the same surface characteristics as the ball socket of the lower test piece 1, and the spherical test piece 2 is placed between the ball socket of the upper test piece 3 and the ball socket of the lower test piece 1, and the upper test piece 3
  • the spherical surface of the ball socket and the spherical test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-ball joint surface
  • the ball socket of the lower test piece 1 and the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 constitute another identical spherical surface-ball joint surface, which constitutes a ball-and-spherical surface- The double joint of the ball socket.
  • ⁇ ball socket ⁇ ⁇ /2
  • the spherical outer diameter of the spherical test piece 2 can be equal to or equal to the inner diameter of the spherical surface of the ball, or a spherical-ball-socket contact stiffness test with unequal radii can be performed.
  • a double-jointed surface of a ball-and-spherical-conical surface is used, wherein the lower end of the upper test piece 3 is a ball socket (the same as the upper test piece 3 in the test (2)), and the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is Conical surface (same as the lower test piece 1 in the test (1)), the spherical test piece 2 is placed between the ball socket of the upper test piece 3 and the conical surface of the lower test piece 1, and the ball socket and the sphere of the upper test piece 3
  • the spherical surface of the test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-ball joint surface
  • the conical surface of the lower test piece 1 and the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 form a spherical-conical surface joint surface, which constitutes a double joint surface of the ball-and-spherical-conical surface.
  • the specific test method is the same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), and the measured relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 is included.
  • the test method can be used to obtain the test value of the ball-and-spherical-conical surface double joint surface contact stiffness. Parallel test verification of the contact stiffness ball dimension of the spherical-conical surface obtained by test (1) and the contact stiffness ball socket of the spherical-ball socket obtained by test (2), from equations 1), 2), 3) ,
  • the contact stiffness test value of the spherical-conical surface obtained by the test (1) and the contact stiffness test value Kj of the spherical-ball socket obtained by the test (2) can be indirectly obtained by the formula 4);
  • Test (1) and test (2) Indirect ball socket dimensions and ball-and-spherical-conical surface contact stiffness test values directly obtained from the test (3) ball-and-spherical-conical surface double bond surface stiffness test The ball dimensions are compared, and the parallel test is used to verify and improve the accuracy and reliability of the ball dimension and ball test value.
  • the above test scheme and test apparatus are employed, wherein the lower end of the upper test piece 3 is a flat surface, and the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a conical surface (same as the lower test piece 1 in the test (1)), the spherical test piece 2 Between the plane of the lower end of the upper test piece 3 and the conical surface of the upper end of the lower test piece 1, the plane of the upper test piece 3 and the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 form a spherical-plane joint surface, and the conical surface of the lower test piece 1
  • the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-conical surface joint surface, which constitutes a double-joint surface of a plane-spherical-conical surface.
  • the specific test method is: Same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3
  • the above test scheme and test apparatus are employed, wherein the lower end of the upper test piece 3 is flat (the same as the upper test piece 3 in (A) of the test (4)), and the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a ball socket ( The same as the lower test piece 1 in the test (2), the spherical test piece 2 is placed between the plane of the lower end of the upper test piece 3 and the ball socket of the upper end of the lower test piece 1, the plane of the upper test piece 3 and the spherical test piece 2
  • the spherical surface constitutes a spherical-plane joint surface
  • the spherical cavity of the lower test piece 1 and the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 form a spherical-ball joint surface, which constitutes a double-joint surface of the plane-spherical-ball socket.
  • the specific test method is the same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), and the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 is included.
  • the Kj ball level obtained in this test (B) is compared with the ball level obtained by the test (A), and the parallel test is used to verify and improve the reliability of the ball level test value.
  • the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a straight channel
  • the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a conical surface (same as the lower test piece 1 in the test (1))
  • the spherical test piece 2 is placed on the upper test piece.
  • the straight channel of 3 and the conical surface of the lower test piece 1 constitute a spherical-straight channel joint surface, and the cone of the lower test piece 1
  • the spherical surface of the surface and the spherical test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-conical surface joint surface, and constitutes a double-joint surface of a straight channel-spherical-conical surface.
  • the specific test method is the same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), and the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 is included.
  • the Kj straight groove ball cone is obtained by this test, and the Kj ball cone is obtained by the test (1), so that the Kj ball straight groove can be obtained by the formula 10).
  • the spherical test piece 2 is placed between the straight channel of the upper test piece 3 and the ball socket of the lower test piece 1, the straight channel of the upper test piece 3 and the spherical test piece 2
  • the spherical surface forms a spherical surface - a straight channel joint surface
  • the ball socket of the lower test piece 1 The spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-ball joint surface, which constitutes a double joint surface of the straight channel-spherical-ball socket.
  • the specific test method is the same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), and the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 is included.
  • the straight groove ball socket is obtained by this test, and the Kj ball socket is obtained by the test (2), so that the straight groove can be obtained by the formula 12).
  • the straight groove of the ball obtained in the test (B) is compared with the straight groove obtained by the test (A), and the reliability of the straight groove test value is verified and verified by the parallel test.
  • the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is an annular inner channel
  • the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a conical surface (same as the lower test piece 1 in the test (1))
  • the spherical test piece 2 is placed on the upper test piece.
  • the annular inner channel of the third and the conical surface of the lower test piece 1 constitute a spherical-annular inner channel joint surface, and the cone of the lower test piece 1
  • the spherical surface of the surface and the spherical test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-conical surface joint surface, and constitutes a double joint surface of the annular inner channel-spherical-conical surface.
  • test method is the same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), and the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 includes the test.
  • Inner groove ball cone Kj ball cone Kj ball inner groove / (Kj ball cone + Kj ball inner groove) 14)
  • the inner groove ball cone is obtained by this test, and the Kj ball cone is obtained by the test (1), so that the inner ball groove can be obtained by the formula 14).
  • the spherical test piece 2 is placed between the annular inner channel of the upper test piece 3 and the ball socket of the lower test piece 1, the annular inner channel of the upper test piece 3 and the spherical test piece 2
  • the spherical surface forms a spherical-ring inner channel joint surface
  • the ball socket of the lower test piece 1 and the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 form a spherical-ball joint surface, which constitutes a double joint surface of the annular inner channel-spherical-ball socket.
  • the specific test method is the same as the test (1) conical surface-spherical-conical surface double joint surface stiffness test method.
  • the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 includes the test.
  • Kj inner groove ball socket Kj ball socket Kj ball inner groove / (Kj ball socket + Kj ball inner groove) 16)
  • the Kj inner groove ball socket is obtained by this test, and the Kj ball socket is obtained by the test (2), so that the ball inner groove can be obtained by the formula 16).
  • the inner groove obtained in the test (B) was compared with the inner groove obtained by the test (A), and the reliability of the test value of the inner groove was improved by parallel test.
  • the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is an annular outer channel
  • the upper end of the lower test piece 1 is a conical surface (same as the lower test piece 1 in the test (1))
  • the spherical test piece 2 is placed on the upper test piece.
  • the annular outer channel of 3 and the conical surface of the lower test piece 1 constitute a spherical-annular outer channel joint surface, and the cone of the lower test piece 1
  • the spherical surface of the surface and the spherical test piece 2 constitutes a spherical-conical surface joint surface, and constitutes a double joint surface of the annular outer channel-spherical-conical surface.
  • the specific test method is the same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), and the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 is included.
  • Kj outer groove ball cone Kj ball cone Kj ball outer groove / (Kj ball cone + Kj ball outer groove) 18)
  • Kj outer groove ball cone Kj ball cone Kj ball outer groove / (Kj ball cone + Kj ball outer groove) 18
  • the spherical test piece 2 is placed between the annular outer channel of the upper test piece 3 and the ball socket of the lower test piece 1, the annular outer channel of the upper test piece 3 and the spherical test piece 2
  • the spherical surface constitutes a spherical-annular outer channel joint surface
  • the ball socket of the lower test piece 1 and the spherical surface of the spherical test piece 2 form a spherical-ball joint surface, which constitutes a double joint surface of the annular outer channel-spherical-ball socket.
  • the specific test method is the same as the double joint surface stiffness test method of the conical surface-spherical-conical surface in the test (1), and the measured Z-direction relative displacement ⁇ ⁇ between the lower test piece 1 and the upper test piece 3 is included.
  • the outer bulb obtained in the test (B) was compared with the outer bulb obtained by the test (A), and the reliability of the outer bulb test value was verified by parallel testing.
  • the present invention can achieve the above-mentioned seven types of spherical-rotation surface joint surface contact stiffness test by using the above test device, and obtain a spherical-conical contact stiffness ball dimension, a spherical-ball socket.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置及方法,该测试装置包括在框形测试台架中设置有下试件、球体试件、上试件和加载组件,加载组件中的三向力传感器上连接有套筒,套筒的上端口连接有挡圈,套筒的外圆套装有法兰套,法兰套的上表面与框形测试台架顶板固定连接;穿过框形测试台架顶板及挡圈设置有一加载螺杆,在上试件上安装有多个位移传感器;该方法利用上述的装置进行各种球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试,使用加载组件加载,由三向力传感器测出该Z向载荷,通过各个位移传感器测出Z向位移,通过相应公式得到球面-回转面结合面的接触刚度;该测试装置及方法使得球面-回转面接触刚度测试的准确性显著提高。

Description

说 明 书
球面 -回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于机械结构的结合面测试技术领域, 涉及机械结构中典型的球 面与圆锥面、 球面与球窝、 球面与平面、 球面与直形沟道、 球面与环形内沟 道、 球面与环形外沟道等球面与回转面的结合面接触刚度测试, 具体涉及一 种球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置, 本发明还涉及一种利用该装置测 试球面 -回转面结合面接触刚度的方法。
背景技术
机械结构中典型的回转面主要有球面 (双自由度回转面, 外球面)、 球 窝 (内球面)、 平面 (半径无穷大的单自由度回转面)、 圆锥面 (直母线与回 转轴线成一定夹角且共面的单自由度回转面)、 直形沟道 (内圆柱面, 直母 线与回转轴线平行的单自由度回转面)、 环形沟道回转面 (圆弧母线与回转 轴线共面的单自由度回转面, 又分为环形内沟道回转面和环形外沟道回转 面)。 由球体的球面与回转体的回转面接触而组成的结合面称为球面-回转面 结合面, 主要类型包括: 球面-圆锥面结合面、 球面-球窝结合面、 球面 -平面 结合面、 球面 -直形沟道结合面、 球面-环形内沟道结合面、 球面 -环形外沟道 结合面六种类型。
球面-回转面结合面的接触刚度一般采用基于基础检测数据的解析方法 获取,解析方法及解析结果的可靠性必须用测试进行验证,但由于球面 -回转 面结合面存在于测试系统之中, 特别是球体的位移直接检测困难, 所以如果 测试方法获取的球面-回转面结合面的接触刚度不准确, 就不能可靠地用它 去验证球面 -回转面结合面的接触刚度解析方法的正确性, 也不能用测试方 法获取和积累准确的球面-回转面结合面接触刚度数据资源, 因此测试技术 方案、 测试装置和具体实施的测试方法对保证测试的准确性非常关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置, 解决 了现有技术中存在的进行球面-回转面结合面的接触刚度测试的准确性难以 保证的问题。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种球面 -回转面结合面接触刚度的测试方 法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是, 一种球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装 置, 包括在框形测试台架中, 沿框形测试台架竖轴方向, 从框形测试台架的 底板至框形测试台架的顶板之间依次设置有上端具有回转面的下试件、球体 试件、 下端具有回转面的上试件和加载组件, 上试件的回转面压在球体试件 上,球体试件压在下试件的回转面上,下试件固定在框形测试台架的底板上, 所述加载组件包括安装在上试件的上表面的三向力传感器,三向力传感 器上通过连接螺钉连接有套筒, 套筒的下端凸圆台套装在三向力传感器的外 圆上, 套筒的上端口固定连接有挡圈, 套筒的上端外圆上套装有法兰套, 套 筒的外径与法兰套的内孔配合,法兰套的上表面与框形测试台架的顶板固定 连接; 穿过框形测试台架的顶板、 法兰套的上端、 挡圈设置有一加载螺杆, 加载螺杆与连接螺钉和三向力传感器同轴设置,在挡圈两边的加载螺杆上分 别安装有止推轴承和径向轴承,
在上试件上安装有多个位移传感器, 每个位移传感器测头对准下试件, 沿平行于 Z轴且对称于球体试件的球心的周围布置。 本发明所采用的另一技术方案是, 一种球面 -回转面结合面接触刚度的 测试方法, 利用一套测试装置,
所述测试装置包括在框形测试台架中, 沿框形测试台架竖轴方向, 从框 形测试台架的底板至框形测试台架的顶板之间依次设置有上端具有回转面 的下试件、 球体试件、 下端具有回转面的上试件和加载组件, 上试件的回转 面压在球体试件上, 球体试件压在下试件的回转面上, 下试件固定在框形测 试台架的底板上,
所述加载组件包括安装在上试件的上表面的三向力传感器,三向力传感 器上通过连接螺钉连接有套筒, 套筒的下端凸圆台套装在三向力传感器的外 圆上, 套筒的上端口固定连接有挡圈, 套筒的上端外圆上套装有法兰套, 套 筒的外径与法兰套的内孔配合,法兰套的上表面与框形测试台架的顶板固定 连接; 穿过框形测试台架的顶板、 法兰套的上端、 挡圈设置有一加载螺杆, 加载螺杆与连接螺钉和三向力传感器同轴设置,在挡圈两边的加载螺杆上分 别安装有止推轴承和径向轴承,
在上试件上安装有多个位移传感器, 每个位移传感器测头对准下试件, 沿平行于 Z轴且对称于球体试件的球心的周围布置,
利用上述测试装置, 该方法按照以下步骤实施:
①首先调整各部件使 Z向载荷 Fz的作用线平行于 Z轴并通过球体试件 的球心, 用三向力传感器的读数进行调整监视, 监视调整至三向力传感器的 其他分力近似为零, 只有沿三向力传感器的轴向分力, 即为 Z向载荷 Fz;
②将多个位移传感器固定在上试件上, 测头对准下试件, 且安装点及测 量点靠近球体试件, 然后调整各个位移传感器的安装, 沿平行于 Z轴且对称 于球体试件的球心的周围布置多个位移传感器,用位移传感器的读数进行调 整监视,使在施加 Z向载荷 ^时各个位移传感器的读数值变化近似一致, 以 保证测量的位移 δ ζ与 Z向载荷 Fz的方向一致; 再使用有限元方法计算上试 件、 球体试件和下试件的变形, 将其影响从检测结果中剔除,使测量值 δ ζ 中只包含回转面-球面-回转面的双结合面接触变形;
③使用加载组件进行加载, 转动加载螺杆向下对上试件施加 Ζ 向载荷 Fz, 由三向力传感器测出该 Z向载荷 Fz, 同时通过各个位移传感器测出上试 件与下试件之间的 Z 向相对位移, 取各个位移传感器测量值的平均值作为 δ ζ, 最后通过相应公式得到球面-回转面结合面的接触刚度。
本发明的有益效果是, 通过回转面-球面-回转面的双结合面测试方案, 获得球面 -圆锥面接触刚度、 球面-球窝接触刚度、 平面 -球面结合面刚度、 直 形沟道 -球面结合面刚度、环形内沟道 -球面结合面刚度及环形外沟道-球面结 合面刚度六种类型球面-回转面的单结合面接触刚度; 通过并行测试验证, 提高了上述球面 -回转面的单结合面接触刚度测试值的准确性、 可靠性。 另 外, 采用本发明的测试装置, 还能够进行回转体回转面半径与球体球面相等 和不等的球面-回转面接触刚度测试。
附图说明
图 1是本发明测试装置的结构示意图;
图 2是根据本发明方法进行圆锥面-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度测 试的试件结构示意图;
图 3是根据本发明方法进行球窝 -球面 -球窝的双结合面接触刚度测试的 试件结构示意图;
图 4是根据本发明方法进行球窝 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度测试 的试件结构示意图; 图 5是根据本发明方法进行平面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度测试 的试件结构示意图;
图 6是根据本发明方法进行平面 -球面 -球窝的双结合面接触刚度测试的 试件结构示意图;
图 7是根据本发明方法进行直形沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度 测试的试件结构示意图, 图 a是截面示意图, 图 b是图 a中的 A-A截面示意 图;
图 8是根据本发明方法进行直形沟道-球面-球窝的双结合面接触刚度测 试的试件结构示意图,图 a是截面示意图,图 b是图 a中的 B-B截面示意图; 图 9是根据本发明方法进行环形内沟道 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面接触刚 度测试的试件结构示意图, 图 a是截面示意图, 图 b是图 a中的 C-C截面示 意图;
图 10 是根据本发明方法进行环形内沟道-球面-球窝的双结合面接触刚 度测试的试件结构示意图, 图 a是截面示意图, 图 b是图 a中的 D-D截面示 意图;
图 11 是根据本发明方法进行环形外沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触 刚度测试的试件结构示意图, 图 a是截面示意图, 图 b是图 a中的 E-E截面 示意图;
图 12 是根据本发明方法进行环形外沟道-球面-球窝的双结合面接触刚 度测试的试件结构示意图, 图 a是截面示意图, 图 b是图 a中的 F-F截面示 意图。
图中, 1.下试件, 2.球体试件, 3.上试件, 4.三向力传感器, 5.螺钉, 6. 套筒, 7.螺母, 8.径向轴承, 9.挡圈, 10.止推轴承, 11.法兰套, 12.加载螺杆, 13.框形测试台架, δΐ和 δ2是位移传感器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
如图 1, 本发明的球面 -回转面结合面刚度测试的装置结构是, 包括在框 形测试台架 13中, 沿框形测试台架 13的竖轴方向, 从框形测试台架 13的 底板至框形测试台架 13的顶板之间依次设置有上端具有回转面的下试件 1、 球体试件 2、 下端具有回转面的上试件 3和加载组件, 上试件 3的回转面压 在球体试件 2上, 球体试件 2压在下试件 1的回转面上, 下试件 1固定在框 形测试台架 13的底板上。
上述的加载组件包括加载螺杆 12、 法兰套 11、 止推轴承 10、 挡圈 9、 径向轴承 8、 螺母 7、 套筒 6、 连接螺钉 5和三向力传感器 4。
加载组件结构是, 包括安装在上试件 3的上表面的三向力传感器 4, 三 向力传感器 4上通过连接螺钉 5连接有套筒 6, 套筒 6的下端凸圆台套装在 三向力传感器 4的外圆上, 套筒 6的上端口固定连接有挡圈 9, 套筒 6的上 端外圆上套装有法兰套 11,套筒 6的圆环外径与法兰套 11的圆环内孔配合, 法兰套 11的上表面与框形测试台架 13的顶板固定连接; 穿过框形测试台架 13的顶板、 法兰套 11的上端、 挡圈 9设置有一加载螺杆 12, 加载螺杆 12 与连接螺钉 5和三向力传感器 4同轴设置, 在挡圈 9两边的加载螺杆 12上 分别安装有止推轴承 10和径向轴承 8。
在上试件 3上安装有多个位移传感器 δ, 每个位移传感器的测头对准下 试件 1, 沿平行于 Ζ轴且对称于球体试件 2球心的周围布置。 位移传感器 δ 设置有多个,由于受视图的限制,图 1中仅显示出两个位移传感器 (δΐ和 δ2)。
加载螺杆 12与法兰套 11螺紋连接, 止推轴承 10的上端与加载螺杆 12 的轴肩紧压, 止推轴承 10的下端压紧挡圈 9; 径向轴承 8套装在加载螺杆 12的下部, 其外径与套筒 6圆环内孔配合, 加载螺杆 12下部伸出径向轴承 8的端头安装有螺母 7。
利用上述的本发明装置进行球面-各种回转面结合面接触刚度测试原理 是, 采用一个球体同时与上、 下回转体同时接触的回转面 -球面 -回转面的双 结合面测试方式, 以解决球体位移直接检测困难的问题; 并采用对球面-各 种回转面结合面接触刚度进行获取测试和并行验证测试的测试方案, 以提高 测试的准确性。
所有测试方法采用的球体试件 2相同, 针对不同球面-各种回转面结合 面, 具体的测试方法分别是,
1 ) 球面 -圆锥面结合面接触刚度的获取测试方法
参照图 2, 采用上试件 3的下端为圆锥面, 下试件 1的上端为圆锥面, 且上试件 3的圆锥面与下试件 1的圆锥面表面特性相同 (BP , 决定圆锥面表 面特性的尺寸和锥度、 材质、 加工方法及精度等条件相同), 球体试件 2置 于上试件 3的圆锥面和下试件 1的圆锥面之间,上试件 3的圆锥面与球体试 件 2 的球面组成一个球面-圆锥面结合面, 下试件 1 的圆锥面与球体试件 2 的球面组成另一个相同的球面-圆锥面结合面, 构成圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双 结合面。使用加载组件进行加载,通过位移传感器测出在 Z向载荷 Fz作用下 由于圆锥面-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触变形而产生的下试件 1 与上试件 3 之间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ=2 δ 球锥, 则球面-圆锥面结合面的接触刚度为
j球锥 =ΡΖ/ δ 球锥 =2ΡΖ/ δ ζ 1)
式中, 一个球面-圆锥面结合面接触变形 δ 球維 = δ ζ/2, Fz和 δ ζ为测试 测量值, 具体的测试方法是: ①首先调整各部件使载荷 Fz的作用线平行于 Ζ 轴通过球体试件 2的球心, 用三向力传感器 4的读数进行调整监视, 监视调 整至三向力传感器 4其他分力近似为零,只有沿三向力传感器 4的轴向分力, 即为 Z向载荷 Fz ; 然后调整位移传感器的安装,沿平行于 Z轴且对称于球体 试件 2球心的周围布置多个位移传感器,用位移传感器的读数进行调整监视, 使在施加 Z向载荷 FJf各个位移传感器的读数值变化近似一致,以保证测量 的位移 δ ζ与 Z向载荷 Fz的方向一致; ②位移传感器固定在上试件 3上, 测 头对准下试件 1, 且安装点及测量点尽量靠近球体试件 2, 同时用有限元计 算上试件 3、 球体试件 2和下试件 1 的变形, 将其影响从检测结果中剔除, 使测量值 δ ζ中只包含圆锥面-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触变形;③使用加载 组件进行加载, 转动加载螺杆 12向下微动, 对上试件 3施加 Ζ向载荷 Fz, 由三向力传感器 4测出 Z向载荷 Fz, 由各个位移传感器测出上试件 3与下试 件 1之间的 Z向相对位移, 取各个位移传感器测量值的平均值作为 δ ζ, 则 可由式 1)求出球面-圆锥面接触刚度 球維。
(2 ) 球面-球窝结合面接触刚度的获取测试方法
参照图 3, 采用球窝-球面-球窝的双结合面接触刚度测试方案和上述测 试装置, 其中上试件 3的下端为球窝(即内球面), 下试件 1的上端为球窝, 且上试件 3的球窝与下试件 1的球窝表面特性相同,球体试件 2置于上试件 3的球窝和下试件 1的球窝之间, 上试件 3的球窝与球体试件 2的球面组成 一个球面-球窝结合面, 下试件 1 的球窝与球体试件 2的球面组成另一个相 同的球面-球窝结合面, 构成球窝 -球面 -球窝的双结合面。 具体的测试方法与 测试(1 ) 中的圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面刚度测试方法相同, 测得的下 试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对位移为 δ ζ=2 δ 球窝, 则得到球面-球窝结 合面接触刚度, 式中, δ 球窝 =δζ/2, 球体试件 2 的球面外径与球窝球面的内径能够相 等、 或不等, 或进行半径不等的球面-球窝接触刚度测试。
(3) 球面-圆锥面和球面 -球窝的接触刚度的验证测试方法
参照图 4, 采用球窝 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面形式, 其中上试件 3 的下 端为球窝 (与测试 (2) 中的上试件 3相同), 下试件 1的上端为圆锥面 (与 测试 (1) 中的下试件 1相同), 球体试件 2置于上试件 3的球窝和下试件 1 的圆锥面之间, 上试件 3的球窝与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-球窝结 合面, 下试件 1的圆锥面与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-圆锥面结合面, 构成球窝-球面-圆锥面的双结合面。 具体的测试方法与测试(1) 中的圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面刚度测试方法相同, 测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之 间的 Ζ向相对位移 δ ζ包括了球体试件 2与下试件 1之间的球面 -圆锥面结合 面接触变形 δ 球維和球体试件 2与上试件 3之间的球面-球窝结合面接触变形 δ 球窝, δζ=δ 球锥 +δ 球窝, 则球窝-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度,
Figure imgf000011_0001
式中, δ 球锥 +δ 球窝 =δζ, Fz和 δζ为测试测量值, 用上述测试方法可由 本测试得到球窝-球面-圆锥面双结合面接触刚度的测试值 窝球锥, 对由测试 (1)得到的球面 -圆锥面的接触刚度 球維和由测试(2)得到的球面-球窝的 接触刚度 球窝进行并行测试验证, 由式 1)、 2)、 3) 得,
Figure imgf000011_0002
由式 1-1)、 1-2)、 1-3) 得, 由测试 (1 ) 得到的球面 -圆锥面的接触刚度测试值 球維和由测试 (2 ) 得到 的球面-球窝的接触刚度测试值 Kj球窝,用式 4)可间接得到 窝球锥; 将由测试 ( 1 ) 和测试 (2 ) 间接得的 窝球維与由本测试 (3 ) 球窝 -球面 -圆锥面的双 结合面刚度测试直接得到的球窝 -球面 -圆锥面的接触刚度测试值 窝球維进 行比较, 通过并行测试从而验证、 提高 球維、 球窝测试值的准确性、 可靠 性。
(4 ) 球面-平面结合面接触刚度的获取及验证测试方法
采用平面-球面-圆锥面和平面-球面-球窝两种双结合面测试方案和上述 测试装置, 进行球面 -平面结合面接触刚度的获取测试和验证测试,
(A) 平面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度的测试方法
参照图 5,采用上述测试方案和测试装置,其中上试件 3的下端为平面, 下试件 1的上端为圆锥面 (与测试 (1 ) 中的下试件 1同), 球体试件 2置于 上试件 3下端的平面和下试件 1上端的圆锥面之间,上试件 3的平面与球体 试件 2的球面组成一个球面-平面结合面, 下试件 1 的圆锥面与球体试件 2 的球面组成一个球面-圆锥面结合面, 构成平面-球面-圆锥面的双结合面。 具 体的测试方法是: 与测试(1 )中的圆锥面-球面-圆锥面的双结合面刚度测试 方法相同, 测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ包括了上试 件 3与球体试件 2之间的球面-平面结合面接触变形 δ 球平以及球体试件 2与 下试件 1之间的球面-圆锥面结合面接触变形 δ 球锥, δ ζ= δ 球锥 + δ 球平, 则 平面-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度 平球維
Figure imgf000012_0001
与式 4 ) 同样的方法可得, j平球锥 =Kj球锥 Kj球平 / ( Kj球锥 +Kj球平 ) 6) Kj平球锥通过本测试得到, Kj球锥通过测试 (1) 得到, 因此用式 6) 能够 得到 球平。
(B) 平面-球面-球窝的双结合面接触刚度测试方法,
参照图 6, 采用上述测试方案和测试装置, 其中上试件 3的下端为平面 (与测试 (4) 的 (A) 中的上试件 3相同), 下试件 1的上端为球窝 (与测 试(2) 中的下试件 1相同), 球体试件 2置于上试件 3下端的平面和下试件 1上端的球窝之间,上试件 3的平面与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面 -平面 结合面, 下试件 1 的球窝与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-球窝结合面, 构成平面 -球面 -球窝的双结合面。 具体的测试方法与测试 (1) 中的圆锥面- 球面 -圆锥面的双结合面刚度测试方法相同, 测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之 间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ包括了上试件 3和球体试件 2之间的球面 -平面结合面 接触变形 δ 球平以及球体试件 2和下试件 1之间的球面-球窝结合面接触变形 δ 球窝, δζ=δ 球窝 +δ 球平, 则平面 -球面 -球窝的双结合面接触刚度 Kj平球窝
j平球窝 =FZ/ ( δ 球窝 + δ 球平 ) =FZ/ δ z 7) 式中, δ 球窝 +δ 球平 =δζ, 与式 4) 同样的方法可得,
j平球窝 =Kj球窝 Kj球平 / ( Kj球窝 +Kj球平) 8 ) 平球窝通过本测试得到, Kj球窝通过测试 (2) 得到, 因此用式 8) 能够 得到 球平。
将本测试 (B) 得到的 Kj球平与由测试 (A) 得到的 球平进行比较, 通过 并行测试从而验证、 提高 球平测试值的可靠性。
(5) 球面-直形沟道结合面接触刚度的获取及验证测试方法
采用直形沟道 -球面 -圆锥面和直形沟道 -球面 -球窝两种双结合面测试方 案和上述测试装置, 进行球面-直形沟道结合面接触刚度的获取测试和验证 测试,
(A) 直形沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度测试方法
参照图 7, 其中上试件 3的下端为直形沟道, 下试件 1的上端为圆锥面 (与测试(1 ) 中的下试件 1相同), 球体试件 2置于上试件 3的直形沟道和 下试件 1的圆锥面之间, 上试件 3的直形沟道与球体试件 2的球面组成一个 球面 -直形沟道结合面, 下试件 1 的圆锥面与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球 面-圆锥面结合面, 构成直形沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面。 具体的测试方法 与测试(1 )中的圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面刚度测试方法相同, 测得的 下试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ包括了上试件 3和球体试件 2 之间的球面 -直形沟道结合面接触变形 δ 球直沟以及球体试件 2和下试件 1之 间的球面-圆锥面结合面接触变形 δ 球锥, δ ζ= δ 球锥 + δ 球直沟, 则直形沟道- 球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度 直沟球锥
j直沟球锥 =FZ/ ( δ 球锥 + δ 球直沟 ) =FZ/ δ z 9 ) 式中, δ 球锥 + δ 球直沟 = δ ζ, 与式 4) 同样的方法可得,
j直沟球锥 =Kj球锥 Kj球直沟 / ( Kj球锥 +Kj球直沟 ) 10)
Kj 直沟球锥通过本测试得到, Kj球锥通过测试 (1 ) 得到, 因此用式 10) 能 够得到 Kj球直沟。
(B ) 直形沟道-球面-球窝的双结合面接触刚度测试方法
参照图 8, 其中上试件 3的下端为直形沟道 (与测试 (5 ) 的 (A) 中的 上试件 3同), 下试件 1的上端为球窝 (与测试 (2 ) 中的下试件 1同), 球 体试件 2置于上试件 3的直形沟道和下试件 1的球窝之间, 上试件 3的直形 沟道与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面 -直形沟道结合面, 下试件 1 的球窝 与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-球窝结合面,构成直形沟道-球面-球窝的 双结合面。具体的测试方法与测试(1 )中的圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面 刚度测试方法相同, 测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ包 括了上试件 3和球体试件 2之间的球面 -直形沟道结合面接触变形 δ 球直沟以 及球体试件 2和下试件 1之间的球面-球窝结合面接触变形 δ 球窝, δ ζ= δ 球 窝 + δ 球直沟, 则直形沟道 -球面 -球窝的双结合面接触刚度 直沟球窝
Figure imgf000015_0001
式中, δ 球窝 + δ 球直沟 = δ ζ, 与式 4) 同 的方去可 ^寻
Figure imgf000015_0002
直沟球窝通过本测试得到, Kj球窝通过测试 (2 ) 得到, 因此用式 12 ) 能 够得到 球直沟。
将本测试 (B)得到的 球直沟与由测试(A)得到的 球直沟进行比较, 通 过并行测试从而验证、 提高 球直沟测试值的可靠性。
(6) 球面-环形内沟道结合面接触刚度的获取及验证测试方法
采用环形内沟道-球面-圆锥面和环形内沟道-球面-球窝两种双结合面测 试方案和上述测试装置, 进行球面 -环形内沟道结合面接触刚度的获取测试 和验证测试,
(A) 环形内沟道-球面-圆锥面双结合面接触刚度测试方法
参照图 9, 其中上试件 3的下端为环形内沟道, 下试件 1的上端为圆锥 面 (与测试 (1 ) 中的下试件 1同), 球体试件 2置于上试件 3的环形内沟道 和下试件 1的圆锥面之间, 上试件 3的环形内沟道与球体试件 2的球面组成 一个球面-环形内沟道结合面, 下试件 1 的圆锥面与球体试件 2的球面组成 一个球面-圆锥面结合面, 构成环形内沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面。 具体的 测试方法与测试( 1 )中的圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面刚度测试方法相同, 测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ包括了上试件 3和球体 试件 2之间的球面-环形内沟道结合面接触变形 δ 球内沟以及球体试件 2和下 试件 1之间的球面-圆锥面结合面接触变形 δ 球維, δζ=δ 球維 +δ 球内沟, 则内 环形沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度 ή沟球維
Kj内沟球锥 =FZ/ ( δ 球锥 + δ 球内沟) =FZ/ δ ζ 13) 式中, δ 球锥 +δ 球内沟 =δζ, 与式 4) 同样的方法可得,
内沟球锥 =Kj球锥 Kj球内沟 / (Kj球锥 +Kj球内沟) 14)
内沟球锥通过本测试得到, Kj球锥通过测试 (1) 得到, 因此用式 14) 能 够得到 j球内沟。
(B) 环形内沟道-球面-球窝的双结合面接触刚度测试方法
参照图 10, 其中上试件 3的下端为环形内沟道 (与测试 (6) 的 (A) 中的上试件 3同), 下试件 1的上端为球窝(与测试 (2) 中的下试件 1同), 球体试件 2置于上试件 3的环形内沟道和下试件 1的球窝之间, 上试件 3的 环形内沟道与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-环形内沟道结合面,下试件 1 的球窝与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-球窝结合面, 构成环形内沟道-球 面 -球窝的双结合面。 具体的测试方法与测试 (1) 圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双 结合面刚度测试方法相同,测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ包括了上试件 3和球体试件 2之间的球面-环形内沟道结合面接触变形 δ 球内沟以及球体试件 2和下试件 1之间的球面-球窝结合面接触变形 δ 球窝, δζ=δ 球窝 +δ 球内沟, 则环形内沟道 -球面 -球窝的双结合面接触刚度 Kj内沟球窝 内沟球窝 =Fz/ ( δ 球窝 + δ 球内沟) =FZ/ δ ζ 15)
式中, δ 球窝 +δ 球内沟 =δζ, 与式 4) 同样的方法可得, Kj内沟球窝 =Kj球窝 Kj球内沟 / ( Kj球窝 +Kj球内沟) 16)
Kj 内沟球窝通过本测试得到, Kj球窝通过测试 (2 ) 得到, 因此用式 16) 能 够得到 j球内沟。
将本测试 (B)得到的 球内沟与由测试(A)得到的 球内沟进行比较, 通 过并行测试验证、 提高 球内沟测试值的可靠性。
(7) 球面-环形外沟道结合面接触刚度的获取及验证测试方法
采用环形外沟道-球面-圆锥面和环形外沟道-球面-球窝两种双结合面测 试方案和上述测试装置, 进行球面 -环形外沟道结合面接触刚度的获取测试 和验证测试,
(A) 环形外沟道-球面-圆锥面双结合面接触刚度测试方法
参照图 11, 其中上试件 3的下端为环形外沟道, 下试件 1的上端为圆锥 面 (与测试 (1 ) 中的下试件 1同), 球体试件 2置于上试件 3的环形外沟道 和下试件 1的圆锥面之间, 上试件 3的环形外沟道与球体试件 2的球面组成 一个球面-环形外沟道结合面, 下试件 1 的圆锥面与球体试件 2的球面组成 一个球面-圆锥面结合面, 构成环形外沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面。 具体的 测试方法与测试( 1 )中的圆锥面 -球面 -圆锥面的双结合面刚度测试方法相同, 测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对位移 δ ζ包括了上试件 3和球体 试件 2之间的球面-环形外沟道结合面接触变形 δ 球外沟以及球体试件 2和下 试件 1之间的球面-圆锥面结合面接触变形 δ 球锥, δ ζ= δ 球锥 + δ 球外沟, 则环 形外沟道-球面-圆锥面的双结合面接触刚度 外沟球維,
Kj外沟球锥 =FZ/ ( δ 球锥 + δ 球外沟) =FZ/ δ ζ 17 ) 式中, δ 球锥 + δ 球外沟 = δ ζ, 与式 4) 同样的方法可得,
j外沟球锥 =Kj球锥 Kj球外沟 / ( Kj球锥 +Kj球外沟 ) 18 ) Kj 外沟球锥通过本测试得到, Kj球锥通过测试 (1 ) 得到, 因此用式 18 ) 能 够得到 Kj球外沟。
(B ) 环形外沟道-球面-球窝的双结合面刚度测试方法
参照图 12, 其中上试件 3的下端为环形外沟道 (与测试 (7) 的 (A) 中的上试件 3同), 下试件 1的上端为球窝(与测试 (2 ) 中的下试件 1同), 球体试件 2置于上试件 3的环形外沟道和下试件 1的球窝之间, 上试件 3的 环形外沟道与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-环形外沟道结合面,下试件 1 的球窝与球体试件 2的球面组成一个球面-球窝结合面, 构成环形外沟道-球 面 -球窝的双结合面。 具体的测试方法与测试 (1 ) 中的圆锥面-球面-圆锥面 的双结合面刚度测试方法相同,测得的下试件 1与上试件 3之间的 Z向相对 位移 δ ζ包括了上试件 3和球体试件 2之间的球面 -环形外沟道结合面接触变 形 δ 球外沟以及球体试件 2和下试件 1之间的球面-球窝结合面接触变形 δ 球 窝, δ ζ= δ 球窝 + δ 球外沟, 则环形外沟道 -球面 -球窝的双结合面接触刚度 Kj外沟 球窝,
外沟球窝 =Fz/ ( δ 球窝 + δ 球外沟) =FZ/ δ ζ 19 ) 式中, δ 球窝 + δ 球外沟 = δ ζ, 与式 4) 同样的方法可得,
j外沟球窝 =Kj球窝 Kj球外沟 / ( Kj球窝 +Kj球外沟 ) 20 ) 外沟球窝通过本测试得到, Kj球窝通过测试 (2 ) 得到, 因此用式 20) 计 算得到 j球外沟。
将本测试 (B)得到的 球外沟与由测试(A)得到的 球外沟进行比较, 通 过并行测试验证、 提高 球外沟测试值的可靠性。
综上所述, 本发明利用上述的测试装置, 能够实现上述的七种类型球面 -回转面结合面接触刚度测试, 获得球面-圆锥面接触刚度 球維、 球面 -球窝 接触刚度 球窝、 平面-球面结合面刚度 Kj球平、 直形沟道-球面结合面刚度 Kj 球直沟、 环形内沟道-球面结合面刚度测试值 Kj球内沟及环形外沟道 -球面结合面 刚度测试值 Kj 球外沟等六种类型球面-回转面的单结合面接触刚度; 还能够进 行回转体回转面半径与球体球面相等和不等的球面-回转面接触刚度测试, 准确性、 可靠性显著提高。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置, 其特征在于: 所述测试 装置包括在框形测试台架 (13) 中, 沿框形测试台架 (13) 的竖轴方向, 从 框形测试台架 (13) 的底板至框形测试台架 (13) 的顶板之间依次设置有上 端具有回转面的下试件 (1)、 球体试件 (2)、 下端具有回转面的上试件 (3) 和加载组件, 上试件 (3) 的回转面压在球体试件 (2) 上, 球体试件 (2) 压在下试件 (1) 的回转面上, 下试件 (1) 固定在框形测试台架 (13) 的底 板上,
所述加载组件包括安装在上试件 (3) 的上表面的三向力传感器 (4), 三向力传感器 (4) 上通过连接螺钉 (5) 连接有套筒 (6), 套筒 (6) 的下 端凸圆台套装在三向力传感器 (4) 的外圆上, 套筒 (6) 的上端口固定连接 有挡圈 (9), 套筒 (6) 的上端外圆上套装有法兰套 (11), 套筒 (6) 的外 径与法兰套(11) 的内孔配合, 法兰套(11) 的上表面与框形测试台架(13) 的顶板固定连接; 穿过框形测试台架 (13) 的顶板、 法兰套 (11) 的上端、 挡圈 (9) 设置有一加载螺杆 (12), 加载螺杆 (12) 与连接螺钉 (5) 和三 向力传感器 (4) 同轴设置, 在挡圈 (9) 两边的加载螺杆 (12) 上分别安装 有止推轴承 (10) 和径向轴承 (8),
在上试件 (3) 上安装有多个位移传感器, 每个位移传感器测头对准下 试件 (1), 沿平行于 Z轴且对称于球体试件 (2) 的球心的周围布置。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的球面-回转面结合面接触刚度测试装置, 其 特征在于: 所述加载螺杆 (12) 与法兰套 (11) 螺紋连接, 止推轴承 10 的 上端与加载螺杆 (12) 的轴肩紧压, 止推轴承 (10) 的下端压紧挡圈 (9); 径向轴承 (8) 套装在加载螺杆 (12) 的下部, 其外径与套筒 (6) 的内孔配 合, 加载螺杆 (12) 的下部伸出径向轴承 (8) 的端头安装有螺母 (7)。
3、 一种球面-回转面结合面接触刚度的测试方法, 其特征在于, 利用一 套测试装置, 所述测试装置包括在框形测试台架 (13) 中, 沿框形测试台架 (13) 的竖轴方向, 从框形测试台架 (13) 的底板至框形测试台架 (13) 的 顶板之间依次设置有上端具有回转面的下试件(1)、 球体试件 (2)、 下端具 有回转面的上试件(3)和加载组件, 上试件(3)的回转面压在球体试件(2) 上, 球体试件 (2) 压在下试件 (1) 的回转面上, 下试件 (1) 固定在框形 测试台架 (13) 的底板上,
所述加载组件包括安装在上试件 (3) 的上表面的三向力传感器 (4), 三向力传感器 (4) 上通过连接螺钉 (5) 连接有套筒 (6), 套筒 (6) 的下 端凸圆台套装在三向力传感器 (4) 的外圆上, 套筒 (6) 的上端口固定连接 有挡圈 (9), 套筒 (6) 的上端外圆上套装有法兰套 (11), 套筒 (6) 的外 径与法兰套(11) 的内孔配合, 法兰套(11) 的上表面与框形测试台架(13) 的顶板固定连接; 穿过框形测试台架 (13) 的顶板、 法兰套 (11) 的上端、 挡圈 (9) 设置有一加载螺杆 (12), 加载螺杆 (12) 与连接螺钉 (5) 和三 向力传感器 (4) 同轴设置, 在挡圈 (9) 两边的加载螺杆 (12) 上分别安装 有止推轴承 (10) 和径向轴承 (8),
在上试件 (3) 上安装有多个位移传感器, 每个位移传感器测头对准下 试件 (1), 沿平行于 Z轴且对称于球体试件 (2) 的球心的周围布置,
利用上述装置, 该方法按照以下步骤实施:
①首先调整各部件使 Z向载荷 Fz的作用线平行于 Z轴并通过球体试件 (2) 的球心, 用三向力传感器 (4) 的读数进行调整监视, 监视调整至三向 力传感器(4)的其他分力近似为零, 只有沿三向力传感器(4)的轴向分力, 即为 Z向载荷 Fz;
②将多个位移传感器固定在上试件 (3 ) 上, 测头对准下试件 (1 ), 且 安装点及测量点靠近球体试件(2), 然后调整各个位移传感器的安装, 沿平 行于 Z轴且对称于球体试件 (2) 的球心的周围布置多个位移传感器, 用位 移传感器的读数进行调整监视,使在施加 Z向载荷 ^时各个位移传感器的读 数值变化近似一致, 以保证测量的位移 δ ζ与 Z向载荷 Fz的方向一致; 再使 用有限元方法计算上试件 (3 )、 球体试件 (2) 和下试件 (1 ) 的变形, 将其 影响从检测结果中剔除,使测量值 δ z中只包含回转面-球面-回转面的双结合 面接触变形;
③使用加载组件进行加载, 转动加载螺杆 (12) 向下对上试件 (3 ) 施 加 Ζ向载荷 Fz, 由三向力传感器 (4) 测出该 Z向载荷 Fz, 同时通过各个位 移传感器测出上试件(3 )与下试件(1 )之间的 Z向相对位移, 取各个位移 传感器测量值的平均值作为 δ ζ, 最后通过相应公式得到球面-回转面结合面 的接触刚度。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的球面-回转面结合面接触刚度的测试方法, 其 特征在于, 所述上试件(3 ) 的下端分别设置为圆锥面回转面、 球窝回转面、 平面回转面、直形沟道回转面、环形内沟道回转面或环形外沟道回转面之一, 分别用于进行相应的球面 -回转面结合面接触刚度的测试。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的球面-回转面结合面接触刚度的测试方法, 其 特征在于, 所述下试件 (1 ) 的上端分别设置为圆锥面回转面或球窝回转面 之一, 分别用于进行相应的球面 -回转面结合面接触刚度的测试。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的球面-回转面结合面接触刚度的测试方法, 其 特征在于, 所述上试件 (3 ) 的下端分别设置为圆锥面回转面、 球窝回转面、 平面 回转面、 直形沟道回转面、 环形内沟道回转面或环形外沟道回转面之一, 所述下试件 (1 ) 的上端分别设置为圆锥面回转面或球窝回转面之一, 通过搭配选定上试件 (3 ) 的类型和下试件 (1 ) 的类型, 实现球面-圆 锥面接触刚度、 球面-球窝接触刚度、 平面-球面结合面接触刚度、 直形沟道- 球面结合面接触刚度、 环形内沟道-球面结合面接触刚度或环形外沟道 -球面 结合面接触刚度的获取试验和并行试验验证。
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