WO2013011683A1 - 膜電極接合体およびガス拡散層の製造方法 - Google Patents
膜電極接合体およびガス拡散層の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013011683A1 WO2013011683A1 PCT/JP2012/004562 JP2012004562W WO2013011683A1 WO 2013011683 A1 WO2013011683 A1 WO 2013011683A1 JP 2012004562 W JP2012004562 W JP 2012004562W WO 2013011683 A1 WO2013011683 A1 WO 2013011683A1
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- carbon
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly and a method for producing a gas diffusion layer. More specifically, the present invention relates to a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell and a method for producing a gas diffusion layer.
- a fuel cell for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, causes a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen such as air to react electrochemically in a gas diffusion layer having a catalyst layer such as platinum.
- a catalyst layer such as platinum
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell generally has a structure in which an electrode layer and a gas diffusion layer are laminated in this order on both sides of a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- Gas diffusion layers include those using carbon fiber as a base material and those using no carbon fiber.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose gas diffusion layers that do not use carbon fiber as a base material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a sheet-like electrode by rolling a rod-shaped preform made of carbon fine powder, a fluoropolymer resin, and a liquid lubricant.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a gas diffusion layer for a fuel cell composed of a porous member mainly composed of conductive particles such as acetylene black and graphite and a polymer resin such as PTFE.
- the conventional gas diffusion layer has a problem that it is not easy enough to handle a membrane electrode assembly produced using the gas diffusion layer.
- This invention is made
- the present inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems. As a result, the following knowledge was obtained.
- the present inventors have conceived that a dispersion obtained by mixing conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant and a dispersion solvent is applied to a sheet heat-treated at high temperature, and heat-treated at low temperature. According to this method, the adhesion of the gas diffusion layer can be ensured, and a membrane electrode assembly that is easy to handle can be obtained.
- the method for producing a membrane electrode assembly according to the present invention comprises kneading conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant and a dispersion solvent to obtain a kneaded product, and rolling the kneaded product. And forming a sheet-like kneaded product, and heat-treating the sheet-like kneaded product at a first heat treatment temperature to obtain a carbon sheet from which the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are removed from the sheet-like kneaded product.
- the conductive particles, the polymer resin, the surfactant, and the dispersion solvent are mixed to obtain a dispersion, and the dispersion is coated on the carbon sheet and dried to form a dispersion layer thinner than the carbon sheet.
- On top of the carbon sheet To obtain a gas diffusion layer carbon layer is formed, causing laminating the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer in this order, on the carbon layer.
- the dispersion layer may be formed by spray coating.
- the dispersion liquid can be prevented from infiltrating into the carbon sheet.
- the gas diffusion layer is brought into contact with the laminated structure in which the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer are laminated so that the carbon layer and the catalyst layer are in contact with each other,
- the second heat treatment temperature may be thermocompression bonded at a lower third heat treatment temperature.
- the surfactant used as the raw material of the dispersion may be a nonionic surfactant.
- the heat treatment at the second heat treatment temperature may be performed in air.
- the thickness of the carbon layer is 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less
- the second heat treatment temperature is equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature of the surfactant that is a raw material of the dispersion liquid, and 260 degrees Celsius. It may be less than degrees.
- the carbon sheet has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, and the first heat treatment temperature is 260 degrees Celsius or more, and the melting point of the polymer resin that is the raw material of the kneaded material It may be the following.
- the content of the polymer resin in the carbon layer may be higher than the content of the polymer resin in the carbon sheet.
- the method for producing a gas diffusion layer of the present invention is a sheet-like kneaded product obtained by kneading conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant and a dispersion solvent to obtain a kneaded product, and rolling and molding the kneaded product.
- the sheet-like kneaded product is heat treated at a first heat treatment temperature to obtain a carbon sheet from which the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are removed from the sheet-like kneaded product, and conductive particles and a polymer resin are obtained.
- a surfactant and a dispersion solvent are mixed to obtain a dispersion, and the dispersion is coated on the carbon sheet and dried to form a dispersion layer thinner than the carbon sheet.
- the formed carbon sheet is heat-treated at a second heat treatment temperature lower than the first heat treatment temperature to remove the surfactant and the dispersion solvent from the dispersion layer, and a carbon layer is formed on the carbon sheet.
- Gas diffusion formed To obtain including the.
- the membrane electrode assembly of the present invention includes a carbon sheet containing conductive particles, a polymer resin, and a surfactant, and is provided on the carbon sheet, and includes conductive particles, a polymer resin, and a surfactant.
- the residual amount of the surfactant in the layer is 1% by weight or less, and the adhesive strength between the carbon layer and the catalyst layer is 0.1 N or more per 25 mm ⁇ 100 mm.
- Such a configuration provides a membrane electrode assembly that is easy to handle.
- a membrane electrode assembly that is easy to handle and a gas diffusion layer for obtaining the same are provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell stack incorporating a membrane electrode assembly obtained by the manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a manufacturing method of the membrane electrode assembly according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of the first experimental example.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of the second experimental example.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a schematic configuration of a fuel cell stack incorporating a membrane electrode assembly obtained by the manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- a cell 100 (also referred to as a single cell) of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to the present embodiment is disposed on both surfaces of an MEA 110 (Membrane-Electrode-Assembly) and the MEA 110. It has a pair of plate-like conductive separators 120.
- MEA 110 Membrane-Electrode-Assembly
- the MEA 110 includes a polymer electrolyte membrane 111 (ion exchange resin membrane) that selectively transports hydrogen ions, and a pair of electrode layers 112 formed on both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 111.
- the pair of electrode layers 112 are formed on both surfaces of the polymer electrolyte membrane 111, and are formed on the catalyst layer 113, which is mainly composed of carbon powder carrying a white metal catalyst, and on the catalyst layer 113. It has a gas diffusion layer 114 (also referred to as GDL) that has both gas permeability and water repellency.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 is preferably a polymer membrane having hydrogen ion conductivity.
- the shape of the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a substantially rectangular shape.
- the material of the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 is not particularly limited as long as it selectively moves hydrogen ions.
- polymer electrolyte membrane 111 examples include a fluorine-based polymer electrolyte membrane made of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid (for example, Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont of the United States, Aciplex (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, Asahi Glass ( Flemion (registered trademark), etc.) and various hydrocarbon electrolyte membranes can be used.
- fluorine-based polymer electrolyte membrane made of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid
- Nafion registered trademark
- Aciplex registered trademark
- Asahi Kasei Corporation Asahi Glass
- Flemion registered trademark
- the catalyst layer 113 is preferably a layer containing a catalyst for a redox reaction of hydrogen or oxygen.
- the catalyst layer 113 is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity and has a catalytic ability for a redox reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.
- the shape of the catalyst layer 113 is not particularly limited, but may be a substantially rectangular shape, for example.
- the catalyst layer 113 is composed of, for example, a porous member mainly composed of carbon powder supporting a platinum group metal catalyst and a polymer material having proton conductivity.
- the proton conductive polymer material used for the catalyst layer 113 may be the same as or different from the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the gas diffusion layer 114 is preferably a porous member having conductivity. Although the shape of the gas diffusion layer 114 is not particularly limited, for example, a substantially rectangular plate-shaped member can be used. The gas diffusion layer 114 is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity and can diffuse the reaction gas.
- the gas diffusion layer 114 includes a carbon sheet 115 and a carbon layer 116.
- Each of the carbon sheet 115 and the carbon layer 116 includes conductive particles and a polymer resin.
- the composition of the conductive particles and the polymer resin may be different between the carbon sheet 115 and the carbon layer 116.
- the carbon layer 116 is preferably thinner than the carbon sheet 115.
- the carbon layer 116 is preferably heat-treated at a temperature lower than that of the carbon sheet 115.
- the gas diffusion layer 114 may contain a minute amount of a dispersion solvent, a surfactant, and the like used when the gas diffusion layer 114 is manufactured.
- the gas diffusion layer 114 may include materials other than the conductive particles, the polymer resin, the surfactant, and the dispersion solvent (for example, short-fiber carbon fibers). It is preferable that the content of the polymer resin in the carbon layer 116 is higher than the content of the polymer resin in the carbon sheet 115.
- a reaction gas flow channel groove may be formed on the main surface in contact with the separator 120.
- the same gas diffusion layer may be used on the cathode side and the anode side, or different gas diffusion layers may be used.
- the separator 120 is preferably a member for mechanically fixing the MEAs and electrically connecting adjacent MEAs to each other in series.
- the separator 120 is preferably made of a material containing carbon or a material containing metal.
- the separator 120 may be a porous plate having conductivity.
- the separator 120 When the separator 120 is made of a material containing carbon, the separator 120 supplies raw powder mixed with carbon powder and a resin binder to the mold, and applies pressure and heat to the raw powder supplied to the mold. Can be formed.
- the separator 120 When the separator 120 is made of a material containing metal, the separator 120 may be made of a metal plate.
- the separator 120 may be a titanium or stainless steel plate whose surface is gold-plated.
- a groove 122 is provided in the pair of separators 120.
- the pair of separators 120 is provided with a cooling water passage groove 123 through which cooling water or the like passes on a main surface (hereinafter referred to as a cooling surface) that does not contact the gas diffusion layer 114.
- the fuel gas is supplied to the electrode layer 112 through the fuel gas channel groove 121 and the oxidant gas is supplied to the electrode layer 112 through the oxidant gas channel groove 122, so that an electrochemical reaction occurs, and electric power and heat are supplied. Occurs.
- the reaction gas channel groove is formed in the gas diffusion layer 114, the fuel gas channel groove 121 and the oxidant gas channel groove 122 may not be formed in the separator 120.
- two manifold hole sets are formed in the peripheral portion of the separator 120.
- One manifold hole set is composed of two fuel gas manifold holes (not shown) for supplying or discharging the fuel gas and one cooling fluid manifold hole (not shown) for supplying or discharging the cooling fluid.
- the other manifold hole set is composed of two oxidant gas manifold holes (not shown) for supplying or discharging oxidant gas and one cooling fluid manifold hole (not shown) for supplying or discharging cooling fluid.
- One of the pair of fuel gas manifold holes is for supply and the other is for discharge.
- a fuel gas passage groove 121 is formed on the anode-side electrode surface of the separator 120 so as to connect them.
- One of the pair of oxidant gas manifold holes is for supply and the other is for discharge.
- An oxidant gas flow path groove 122 is formed on the electrode surface on the cathode side of the separator 120 so as to connect them.
- One of the pair of cooling fluid manifold holes is for supply and the other is for discharge.
- a cooling water channel groove 123 is formed on the cooling surface of the separator 120 as necessary so as to connect them.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 of the membrane electrode assembly 110 is formed with holes (not shown) corresponding to the six manifold holes of the separator 120, and these manifolds are connected to form six manifolds (internal manifolds). It is configured.
- the fuel gas is supplied to the fuel gas supply manifold, the fuel gas is discharged from the fuel gas discharge manifold, the oxidant gas is supplied to the oxidant gas supply manifold, and the oxidant gas discharge The oxidant gas is discharged from the manifold, the cooling fluid is supplied to the cooling fluid supply manifold, and the cooling fluid is discharged from the cooling fluid discharge manifold.
- the arrangement of the six manifold holes is arbitrary.
- An internal manifold configured so that each supply manifold of fuel gas, oxidant gas, and cooling water is formed when the separator 120 is provided with manifold holes for fuel gas, oxidant gas, and cooling water.
- the separator 120 is formed of a porous conductive material, and the pressure of the cooling water flowing through the cooling water channel groove 123 is the fuel gas channel groove 121 and the oxidant gas channel.
- one or more cells 100 are generally stacked, and the cells 100 adjacent to each other are generally connected in series and used. At this time, the stacked cells 100 are fastened and fastened at a predetermined fastening pressure by a fastening member 130 such as a bolt so that the fuel gas and the oxidant gas do not leak and reduce the contact resistance. . Therefore, the MEA 110 and the separator 120 are in surface contact with a predetermined pressure.
- a gasket 117 is disposed between the separators 120 and 120 so as to cover the side surfaces of the catalyst layer 113 and the gas diffusion layer 114. ing.
- the gasket 117 is preferably a member that fills a gap between the catalyst layer 113 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 and the separator 120 or between the catalyst layer 113 and the separator 120.
- the gasket is preferably a synthetic resin having appropriate mechanical strength and flexibility.
- the shape of the gasket 117 is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, an annular shape and a substantially rectangular shape.
- Examples of the material constituting the gasket 117 include polyethylene naphthalate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, fluoroethylene-propylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkoxyethylene copolymer, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyetheramide.
- a synthetic resin comprising at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polysulfide, polyimide, and polyimideamide. More preferred.
- a material constituting the gasket 117 for example, a rubber material, a thermoplastic elastomer, a compound such as an adhesive, or the like can be used.
- the sealing material constituting the gasket 117 include fluoro rubber, silicone rubber, natural rubber, EPDM, butyl rubber, butyl rubber, butyl rubber, butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber, acrylic rubber, Adhesives using thermoplastic elastomers such as polyisopropylene polymer, perfluorocarbon, polystyrene, polyolefin, polyester and polyamide, or latex such as isoprene rubber and butadiene rubber, liquid polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polychloroprene, Examples of the adhesive include silicone rubber, fluororubber, and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, but are not limited to these compounds. These compounds may be used alone or in combination
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a manufacturing method of the membrane electrode assembly according to the first embodiment.
- a kneaded product is obtained by kneading conductive particles, a polymer resin, a surfactant, and a dispersion solvent (step S1).
- carbon fine powder can be used as the material of the conductive particles that are the raw material of the kneaded material.
- the carbon fine powder include carbon materials such as graphite, carbon black, activated carbon, and carbon fiber fine powder.
- carbon black include acetylene black (AB), furnace black, ketjen black, and vulcan.
- the carbon fiber fine powder include vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF), milled fiber, cut fiber, and chop fiber.
- VGCF vapor grown carbon fiber
- the raw material form of the carbon material may be any shape such as powder, fiber, and granule. It is preferable to mix carbon black and carbon fiber from the viewpoints of cost, electrical conductivity, and strength.
- acetylene black is preferably used as carbon black from the viewpoint of low impurity content and high electrical conductivity.
- the content of the conductive particles in the kneaded material is preferably 10% by weight or more and 50% by weight or less, for example.
- a fluororesin can be used as the polymer resin used as the raw material of the kneaded material.
- the fluororesin include PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), FEP (tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), ETFE (tetrafluoroethylene / ethylene copolymer), and PCTFE. (Polychlorotrifluoroethylene), PFA (tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer) and the like.
- PTFE is preferably used from the viewpoint of heat resistance, water repellency, and chemical resistance.
- Examples of the raw material form of PTFE include dispersions and powders. From the viewpoint of workability, it is preferable that a dispersion is adopted as a raw material form of PTFE.
- the polymer resin has a function as a binder that binds the conductive particles.
- the polymer resin since the polymer resin has water repellency, it also has a function (water retention) to confine water in the system inside the fuel cell.
- the content of the polymer resin in the kneaded product is preferably, for example, 1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less.
- Examples of the dispersion solvent used as a raw material for the kneaded material include water, alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, and glycols such as ethylene glycol. Among these, it is preferable to use water from the viewpoints of cost and environmental properties.
- the content of the dispersion solvent in the kneaded product is preferably 30% by weight or more and 88% by weight or less, for example.
- the surfactant used as a raw material for the kneaded product examples include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant.
- Specific examples include nonionics such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and zwitterionics such as alkylamine oxides. From the viewpoint of removing the surfactant and preventing catalyst poisoning by metal ions, it is preferable to use a nonionic surfactant as the surfactant.
- nonionic surfactant examples include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether, alkyl glucoside, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, and fatty acid alkanolamide.
- the content of the surfactant in the kneaded material is preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less, for example.
- the amount of the dispersion solvent and the amount of the surfactant used at the time of production may be appropriately set according to the type of conductive particles, the type of polymer resin, the blending ratio thereof, and the like. In general, as the amount of the dispersion solvent and the amount of the surfactant are increased, the polymer resin (fluororesin) and the conductive particles (carbon) are more likely to be uniformly dispersed, but the fluidity is increased and it is difficult to form a sheet. Tend.
- materials other than the conductive particles, the polymer resin, the surfactant, and the dispersion solvent for example, carbon fibers of short fibers may be added.
- step S2 the kneaded product is rolled and formed to obtain a sheet-like kneaded product (step S2).
- the sheet-like kneaded product refers to a kneaded product that has been rolled and formed so as to have a sheet-like shape.
- a roll press or a flat plate press can be used for rolling and forming.
- the thickness of the sheet-like kneaded material can be adjusted as appropriate so that the thickness of the carbon sheet 115 obtained in step 3 described later has a desired value.
- step S2 the sheet-like kneaded product is heat-treated at the first heat treatment temperature to obtain the carbon sheet 115 from which the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are removed from the sheet-like kneaded product (step S3).
- the heat treatment of the sheet-like kneaded product can be performed, for example, in a firing furnace, an electric furnace, a gas furnace, or the like.
- the heating time in the first heat treatment temperature and the heat treatment at the first heat treatment temperature is the temperature and time at which the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are sufficiently removed from the sheet-like kneaded product and the crystallization of the polymer resin proceeds. It is preferable that The remaining amount of the surfactant and the dispersion solvent can be measured by an analysis result such as TG / DTA (simultaneous differential heat / thermogravimetric measuring device), and is generally 1 weight relative to the total weight of the carbon sheet. % Or less is desirable.
- the heat treatment temperature and time may be determined so as to satisfy this, but these depend on the thickness of the carbon sheet 115.
- the thickness of the carbon sheet 115 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or more. If the thickness of the carbon sheet 115 is 100 ⁇ m or more, the mechanical strength of the carbon sheet 115 increases.
- the thickness of the carbon sheet 115 is preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the carbon sheet 115 is 1000 ⁇ m or less, the electrical resistance of the carbon sheet 115 becomes small.
- the first heat treatment temperature is preferably 260 degrees Celsius or higher.
- the first heat treatment temperature is 260 degrees Celsius or higher, it becomes easy to remove the surfactant from the sheet-like kneaded material at a speed that can ensure mass productivity.
- the first heat treatment temperature is preferably equal to or lower than the melting point of the polymer resin that is the raw material of the kneaded product.
- the first heat treatment temperature is equal to or lower than the melting point of the polymer resin that is the raw material of the kneaded product, the polymer resin is difficult to melt, the strength as a structure is unlikely to decrease, and the sheet shape is unlikely to collapse.
- the melting point of the polymer resin is preferably 330 degrees Celsius or more and 350 degrees Celsius or less, and the temperature in the heat treatment at the first heat treatment temperature is preferably 260 degrees Celsius or more and 330 degrees Celsius or less.
- step S4 After step S3 or in parallel with steps S1 to S3, the conductive particles, the polymer resin, the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are mixed to obtain a dispersion (step S4).
- a dispersion treatment is added to a mixture of a surfactant and a dispersion solvent, and then a carbon fine powder and a fluororesin are added to the dispersion treatment.
- a carbon fine powder and a fluororesin are added to the dispersion treatment.
- all the materials including the surfactant may be simultaneously dispersed without performing the surfactant dispersion treatment in advance.
- the same materials as those exemplified above as the material for the conductive particles used as the raw material for the kneaded product in Step S1 can be used.
- the conductive particles used as the raw material for the kneaded product and the conductive particles used as the raw material for the dispersion may be the same or different.
- the content of the conductive particles in the dispersion is preferably, for example, 1% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less.
- the same materials as those exemplified above as the material of the polymer resin that becomes the raw material of the kneaded material in Step S1 can be used.
- the material of the polymer resin that is the raw material of the kneaded product and the material of the polymer resin that is the raw material of the dispersion may be the same or different.
- the content of the polymer resin in the dispersion is preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 10% by weight or less, for example.
- the content of the polymer resin in the dispersion is preferably adjusted so that the polymer resin content of the carbon layer 116 obtained in step S6 is higher than the polymer resin content of the carbon sheet 115. This is because by increasing the amount of the polymer resin in the carbon layer, the water repellency at the interface between the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer (carbon sheet) is improved, and the drainage of the MEA is improved.
- the same materials as those exemplified above as the raw material of the surfactant used as the raw material of the kneaded product in step S1 can be used.
- the surfactant used as the raw material for the kneaded product and the surfactant used as the raw material for the dispersion may be the same or different.
- the content of the surfactant in the dispersion is preferably 0.1% by weight or more and 5% by weight or less, for example.
- the same materials as those exemplified above as the material for the dispersion solvent that becomes the raw material of the kneaded product in Step S1 can be used.
- the material of the dispersion solvent that is the raw material of the kneaded product and the material of the dispersion solvent that is the raw material of the dispersion may be the same or different.
- the content of the dispersion solvent in the dispersion is preferably 55% by weight or more and 98% by weight or less, for example.
- the dispersion liquid is applied and dried on the carbon sheet 115 to form a dispersion liquid layer thinner than the carbon sheet 115 (step S5).
- a spray coating machine or a screen printing machine can be used for coating the dispersion.
- a coating method a die coating method may be used.
- spray coating for example, drying using a hot plate and drying using a drying furnace can be used.
- step S5 the carbon sheet 115 on which the dispersion liquid layer is formed is heat-treated at a second heat treatment temperature lower than the first heat treatment temperature to remove the surfactant and the dispersion solvent from the dispersion liquid layer.
- a gas diffusion layer 114 having a carbon layer 116 formed on 115 is obtained (step S6).
- the heat treatment of the carbon sheet 115 on which the dispersion layer is formed can be performed in, for example, an electric furnace, a gas furnace, a far infrared heating furnace, or the like.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed in air.
- the material, thickness, temperature, time, and the like it is preferable to set the material, thickness, temperature, time, and the like so that the surfactant is sufficient to remove the adhesive property deterioration due to crystallization of the polymer resin.
- the heating time in the second heat treatment temperature and the heat treatment at the second heat treatment temperature is lower than the first heat treatment temperature, the crystallization of the polymer resin is difficult to proceed, and the surfactant and the dispersion solvent are dispersed in the dispersion layer. It is preferable that the temperature and time be sufficiently removed from the inside. The remaining amount of the surfactant and the dispersion solvent can be measured by an analysis result such as TG / DTA (simultaneous differential heat / thermogravimetric measuring device), and is generally 1 weight with respect to the total weight of the carbon layer. % Or less is desirable.
- the heat treatment temperature and time may be determined so as to satisfy this, but these depend on the thickness of the carbon layer.
- the thickness of the carbon layer 116 is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. If the thickness of the carbon layer 116 is 10 ⁇ m or more, the adhesive strength of the carbon layer 116 can be ensured.
- the thickness of the carbon layer 116 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the carbon layer 116 is 100 ⁇ m or less, the surfactant can be removed at a speed that can ensure mass productivity even at a low heat treatment temperature.
- the second heat treatment temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the decomposition temperature of the surfactant that is the raw material of the dispersion.
- the second heat treatment temperature is preferably 220 degrees Celsius or higher. When the second heat treatment temperature is 220 degrees Celsius or higher, it becomes easy to remove the surfactant from the dispersion layer at a speed that can ensure mass productivity.
- the second heat treatment temperature is more preferably 240 degrees Celsius or higher.
- the second heat treatment temperature is 240 ° C. or higher, it becomes easy to remove the surfactant to 1% by weight or less of the carbon layer.
- the second heat treatment temperature is preferably less than 260 degrees Celsius.
- the second heat treatment temperature is less than 260 degrees Celsius, a decrease in the adhesion of the carbon layer surface is suppressed, and a high adhesive force can be obtained in the adhesion with the catalyst layer.
- step S6 the catalyst layer 113 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 are laminated on the carbon layer 116 in this order (step S7).
- a gas diffusion layer 114 in which a carbon layer 116 is formed on a carbon sheet 115 a laminated structure in which a polymer electrolyte membrane 111 and a catalyst layer 113 are laminated (membrane-catalyst layer assembly), are brought into contact with each other so that the carbon layer 116 and the catalyst layer 113 are in contact with each other, and thermocompression-bonded at a third heat treatment temperature.
- the membrane-catalyst layer assembly is a structure in which an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer are joined, and is not particularly limited, and any one generally used for fuel cells can be used.
- the catalyst layer 113 may be placed on the carbon layer 116, and the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 may be placed thereon. Any method may be used as long as it realizes a configuration in which the catalyst layer 113 and the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 are laminated in this order on the gas diffusion layer 114.
- the third heat treatment temperature is preferably a temperature at which the gas diffusion layer, the catalyst layer, and the electrolyte membrane can be pressure-bonded with appropriate strength. Specifically, for example, the third heat treatment temperature is preferably lower than the second heat treatment temperature.
- the third heat treatment temperature is preferably 100 degrees Celsius or higher. If the third heat treatment temperature is 100 degrees Celsius or higher, the pressure bonding can be performed appropriately.
- the third heat treatment temperature is preferably 200 degrees Celsius or less. If the third heat treatment temperature is 200 degrees Celsius or lower, the alteration of the polymer electrolyte membrane 111 can be suitably suppressed.
- step S7 may be omitted, and a method for manufacturing a gas diffusion layer may be used.
- PTFE dispersion manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., AD911, solid content ratio: 60% by weight
- the sheet-like kneaded product from which the surfactant and water were removed was taken out of the firing furnace, and again rolled with a stretching roll machine (gap 400 ⁇ m) to adjust the thickness and reduce the thickness variation, and then cut into a 6 cm square. .
- a stretching roll machine gap 400 ⁇ m
- the obtained dispersion was applied to one side of a carbon sheet placed on a hot plate by a spray method.
- a dispersion layer was prepared by removing almost all of the dispersion by drying with a hot plate (60 degrees Celsius). More specifically, the weight of the dispersion layer after drying was adjusted to 2.0 mg / cm 2 . Thereafter, the carbon sheet on which the dispersion layer was formed was heat-treated at 240 degrees Celsius for 2 hours in a firing furnace, and the surfactant in the dispersion layer was removed to produce a gas diffusion layer.
- a gas diffusion layer was produced in the same manner as in the first example except that the carbon sheet on which the dispersion layer was formed was heat-treated in a baking furnace at 220 degrees Celsius.
- a gas diffusion layer was produced in the same manner as in the first example except that the carbon sheet on which the dispersion layer was formed was heat-treated in a baking furnace at 260 degrees Celsius.
- a gas diffusion layer was produced in the same manner as in the first example except that the carbon sheet on which the dispersion layer was formed was heat-treated in a baking furnace at 280 degrees Celsius.
- a gas diffusion layer was produced in the same manner as in the first example except that the carbon sheet on which the dispersion layer was formed was heat-treated in a baking furnace at 300 degrees Celsius.
- a catalyst layer forming ink (catalyst: Tanaka Kikinzoku, 10E50E, electrolyte resin: Asahi Glass, Flemion solution)) is applied to one side of a polymer electrolyte membrane (Japan Gore-Tex, Gore Select) and dried to form a catalyst layer. Formed. The obtained catalyst layer and the carbon layer of the gas diffusion layer were brought into contact with each other, and hot pressing was performed at 180 degrees Celsius and 6 kgf / cm 2 for 1 minute to join the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer. This was cut into a 25 mm ⁇ 100 mm test piece, and a 90 ° peel test was performed using a small tabletop tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, EZ-Graph).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of the first experimental example. As shown in the figure, there was a tendency that the higher the heat treatment temperature (second heat treatment temperature) of the carbon sheet on which the dispersion layer was formed, the lower the adhesive strength. Therefore, it has been found that it is preferable to lower the heat treatment temperature of the carbon sheet on which the dispersion layer is formed from the viewpoint of securing the adhesive strength with the catalyst layer.
- the adhesive strength sharply decreased in the region where the heat treatment temperature exceeded 260 degrees Celsius. This is probably because crystallization of the polymer resin (PTFE) easily proceeds at 260 degrees Celsius or higher. Therefore, it is considered that the second heat treatment temperature is preferably less than 260 degrees Celsius from the viewpoint of securing the adhesive strength with the catalyst layer.
- the dispersion described in the first example was coated on an aluminum foil in the same manner as in the first example, and dried on a hot plate in the same manner as in the first example.
- the obtained aluminum foil with carbon layer was used as it was (sample A), heat treated at 220 ° C. for 2 hours in a firing furnace (sample B), and heat treated at 240 ° C. for 2 hours in a firing furnace.
- TG / DTA differential heat / thermogravimetric simultaneous measurement device: TGDTA6300, manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.
- TGDTA6300 thermogravimetric simultaneous measurement device
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of the second experimental example.
- the weight decrease started from around 150 ° C., and the weight decrease width suddenly decreased at around 350 ° C.
- the change in weight mainly occurs because the surfactant remaining in the carbon layer decomposes and disappears. It was found that the thermal decomposition of the surfactant in the carbon layer mainly occurs in the temperature range of 150 ° C to 350 ° C.
- the second heat treatment temperature is preferably set to 220 ° C. or higher, and more preferably set to 240 ° C. or higher.
- the membrane electrode assembly obtained by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment includes, for example, a carbon sheet containing conductive particles, a polymer resin, and a surfactant, and a conductive sheet and a polymer provided on the carbon sheet.
- the remaining amount of the surfactant in the carbon layer is 1% by weight or less, and the adhesive strength between the carbon layer and the catalyst layer is 0.1 N or more per 25 mm ⁇ 100 mm.
- the carbon layer and the catalyst layer may not be bonded by an adhesive.
- the production method of the present invention is useful as a production method of a membrane electrode assembly that is easy to handle and a gas diffusion layer for obtaining the same.
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Abstract
Description
[装置構成]
図1は、第1実施形態にかかる製造方法によって得られた膜電極接合体を組み込んだ燃料電池セルスタックの概略構成の一例を示す断面図である。
図2は、第1実施形態にかかる膜電極接合体の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。
1.カーボンシートの作製
アセチレンブラック(電気化学工業製、デンカブラック)50gと、グラファイト(和光純薬工業製)80gと、VGCF(昭和電工製、繊維径0.15μm、繊維長15μm)3gと、界面活性剤(トライトンX)4gと、水200gとを、ミキサーに投入し、混練した。続いて、ミキサーにPTFEディスパージョン(旭硝子製、AD911、固形分比60重量%)25gを投入し、さらに5分間攪拌して混練物を得た。
水151gと、界面活性剤(トライトンX)1gを容器に投入し、自公転攪拌脱泡器にて界面活性剤の分散処理を行った。続いて、アセチレンブラック(電気化学工業製、デンカブラック)10gと、PTFEディスパージョン(旭硝子製、AD911、固形分比60重量%)5.5gとを容器に投入し、自公転攪拌脱泡器にてアセチレンブラックとPTFEの分散処理を行った。さらに、フィルター(SUS製、200mesh)を用いて粗大粒子を取り除いた後、自公転攪拌脱泡器を用いて脱泡処理を行うことで、分散液を得た。
分散液層が形成されたカーボンシートの、焼成炉による熱処理を、摂氏220度で行った他は、第1実施例と同様の方法で、ガス拡散層を作製した。
分散液層が形成されたカーボンシートの、焼成炉による熱処理を、摂氏260度で行った他は、第1実施例と同様の方法で、ガス拡散層を作製した。
分散液層が形成されたカーボンシートの、焼成炉による熱処理を、摂氏280度で行った他は、第1実施例と同様の方法で、ガス拡散層を作製した。
分散液層が形成されたカーボンシートの、焼成炉による熱処理を、摂氏300度で行った他は、第1実施例と同様の方法で、ガス拡散層を作製した。
第1実験例では、第1実施例~第3実施例および第1比較例~第2比較例で作製したガス拡散層と、触媒層との接着強度を測定した。
第2実験例では、第2熱処理温度とカーボン層中の界面活性剤残存量との関係を検討した。
110 MEA
111 高分子電解質膜
112 電極層
113 触媒層
114 ガス拡散層
115 カーボンシート
116 カーボン層
117 ガスケット
120 セパレータ
121 燃料ガス流路溝
122 酸化剤ガス流路溝
123 冷却水流路溝
130 締結部材
Claims (10)
- 導電性粒子と高分子樹脂と界面活性剤と分散溶媒とを混練して混練物を得て、
前記混練物を圧延および成形してシート状混練物を得て、
前記シート状混練物を、第1熱処理温度で熱処理して前記シート状混練物から前記界面活性剤と前記分散溶媒とを除去したカーボンシートを得て、
導電性粒子と高分子樹脂と界面活性剤と分散溶媒とを混ぜて分散液を得て、
前記カーボンシート上に前記分散液を塗工および乾燥して前記カーボンシートよりも薄い分散液層を形成し、
前記分散液層が形成された前記カーボンシートを、第1熱処理温度よりも低い第2熱処理温度で熱処理して前記分散液層から前記界面活性剤と前記分散溶媒とを除去して、前記カーボンシートの上にカーボン層が形成されたガス拡散層を得て、
前記カーボン層の上に触媒層と電解質膜とをこの順に積層させること、
を含む膜電極接合体の製造方法。 - 前記分散液層をスプレー塗工により形成する、請求項1に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記カーボン層と前記触媒層とが接触するように、前記電解質膜と前記触媒層とが積層された積層構造と前記ガス拡散層とを当接させ、前記第2熱処理温度も低い第3熱処理温度で熱圧着する、請求項1または2に記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記分散液の原料となる界面活性剤が、非イオン系界面活性剤である、請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記第2熱処理温度での熱処理を空気中で行う、請求項2ないし4のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記カーボン層の厚みが、10μm以上、100μm以下であり、かつ、前記第2熱処理温度が前記分散液の原料となる界面活性剤の分解温度以上、摂氏260度未満である、請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記カーボンシートの厚みが、100μm以上、1000μm以下であり、かつ、前記第1熱処理温度が摂氏260度以上、前記混練物の原料となる高分子樹脂の融点以下である、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 前記カーボン層における高分子樹脂の含有量が、前記カーボンシートにおける高分子樹脂の含有量よりも高い、請求項1ないし7のいずれかに記載の膜電極接合体の製造方法。
- 導電性粒子と高分子樹脂と界面活性剤と分散溶媒とを混練して混練物を得て、
前記混練物を圧延および成形してシート状混練物を得て、
前記シート状混練物を、第1熱処理温度で熱処理して前記シート状混練物から前記界面活性剤と前記分散溶媒とを除去したカーボンシートを得て、
導電性粒子と高分子樹脂と界面活性剤と分散溶媒とを混ぜて分散液を得て、
前記カーボンシート上に前記分散液を塗工および乾燥して前記カーボンシートよりも薄い分散液層を形成し、
前記分散液層が形成された前記カーボンシートを、第1熱処理温度よりも低い第2熱処理温度で熱処理して前記分散液層から前記界面活性剤と前記分散溶媒とを除去して、前記カーボンシートの上にカーボン層が形成されたガス拡散層を得ること、
を含むガス拡散層の製造方法。 - 導電性粒子と高分子樹脂と界面活性剤とを含むカーボンシートと、
前記カーボンシート上に設けられ、導電性粒子と高分子樹脂と界面活性剤とを含み、前記カーボンシートよりも高分子樹脂の含有量が高いカーボン層と、
前記カーボン層に接触するように設けられた触媒層と、
前記触媒層上に設けられた電解質膜と、を含み、
前記カーボン層における界面活性剤の残存量は1重量%以下であり、
前記カーボン層と前記触媒層との接着強度が25mm×100mmあたり0.1N以上である、
膜電極接合体。
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