WO2013007099A1 - 一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法 - Google Patents

一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法 Download PDF

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WO2013007099A1
WO2013007099A1 PCT/CN2012/000818 CN2012000818W WO2013007099A1 WO 2013007099 A1 WO2013007099 A1 WO 2013007099A1 CN 2012000818 W CN2012000818 W CN 2012000818W WO 2013007099 A1 WO2013007099 A1 WO 2013007099A1
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nucleic acid
acid molecule
long
chain nucleic
chain
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PCT/CN2012/000818
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French (fr)
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马千君
李绍路
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北京唯尚立德生物科技有限公司
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Priority to JP2014519377A priority Critical patent/JP6069314B2/ja
Priority to EP12810692.9A priority patent/EP2733208B1/en
Priority to US14/232,542 priority patent/US9695417B2/en
Publication of WO2013007099A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013007099A1/zh
Priority to HK14111273.9A priority patent/HK1198336A1/zh

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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/1034Isolating an individual clone by screening libraries
    • C12N15/1093General methods of preparing gene libraries, not provided for in other subgroups
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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
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    • C12N15/00Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C12N15/102Mutagenizing nucleic acids
    • C12N15/1031Mutagenizing nucleic acids mutagenesis by gene assembly, e.g. assembly by oligonucleotide extension PCR
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    • C12P19/00Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/26Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
    • C12P19/28N-glycosides
    • C12P19/30Nucleotides
    • C12P19/34Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for synthesizing nucleic acid molecules, in particular to a large-scale, low-cost and high-efficiency synthesis method for synthesizing long-chain nucleic acid molecules from short-chain nucleic acid molecules.
  • Bioenergy, pharmaceutical intermediates, etc. can be used to alter the metabolic process of bacteria or cells by means of synthetic genes.
  • scientists used engineering yeast to synthesize artemisinin intermediates, increasing the yield by 115 mg/ml.
  • the Church team modified the genome with a set of oligonucleotide fragments to accelerate the evolution of E. coli, increasing the yield of Lycopene by a factor of five.
  • the Tian Jindong group, etc. pre-divided the chip into several physical units for parallel synthesis, amplification, and assembly, and also synthesized 74 genes (30 kb in total).
  • the work of Church and Tian Jindong et al., on the synthetic flux still has great limitations, and the synthesis of thousands of genes must be realized step by step; in addition, the cost of synthesizing genes by these methods is also Higher, there is still a lot of room for improvement.
  • the invention patent proposes a simpler and more feasible assembly method, which can realize the assembly of multiple genes in parallel. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to provide a novel oligonucleotide assembly method for synthesizing long-chain nucleic acid molecules.
  • the invention adopts Ligation-Puficaion-Amplification (or LPA) technology to efficiently assemble an oligonucleotide fragment (between 30 bp and 200 bp) to synthesize a long fragment gene (500 bp-lkbp), and further pass nucleic acid.
  • Amplification means increase the yield of long fragment genes.
  • the technique can be used to conveniently and efficiently perform the assembly, purification and amplification of oligonucleotide fragments, and eliminates by-products such as random assembly products, incompletely linked products, and mismatched assembly products, and realizes three or more genes simultaneously. Assemble and enlarge.
  • a solid phase ligation-purification method is employed in which a nucleic acid molecule is immobilized on a surface of a solid phase particle such as a magnetic bead to achieve a rapid and simple separation and purification of the product from the ligation reaction.
  • nucleotide sequence or “nucleic acid molecule” refers to ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and derivatives or hybrids thereof.
  • “immobi l ize” means that a nucleic acid molecule (including but not limited to DNA, RNA, etc.) passes through a chemical group (such as amino-NH 2 ) and a chemical group on a solid object (such as carboxy-C00H).
  • the nucleic acid amplification method refers to any method for amplifying nucleic acid amplification based on a nucleic acid template, including but not limited to, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription, isothermal amplification and the like.
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • PCR Polymerase chain reaction
  • a method for synthesizing a long-chain nucleic acid molecule on a large scale which first synthesizes a short-chain nucleic acid molecule, and then joins the short-chain nucleic acid molecule into a long-chain nucleic acid molecule having a length of at least 2
  • the method comprises the following steps: 1) Design and synthesis of a short-stranded nucleic acid molecule fragment: designing a nucleotide sequence comprising a target long-chain nucleic acid molecule, each single strand of the double-stranded strand of the nucleotide sequence Divided into several small segments, dividing points in the two chains Staggered from each other, the synthesis of the small fragments, the synthesis of small fragment nucleic acid molecules has been very mature, and the cost is very low, such as a million 60bp oligonucleotide fragments only a few thousand yuan, each base is less than 0.01 points 2) chemical modification of the end point: the end point of at least
  • the chemically modified small fragment nucleic acid molecules are referred to as "purified sequences"; 3) the linkage of short-chain nucleic acid molecule fragments: Step 1 is synthesized The small fragment nucleic acid molecule comprising the above purified sequence is complementary paired in solution to form a double-stranded double strand, and a complete long-chain nucleic acid molecule is formed by the ligase of the nucleic acid molecule; 4) Purification: preparation of bulk solid The solid surface has chemical groups and/or biomolecules, and the above chemical groups and/or biomolecules can be aligned with the purification sequence Linking the group and/or biomolecule, adding the bulk solid to the solution containing the long-chain nucleic acid molecule obtained in step 3, and culturing the nucleotide sequence comprising the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule will pass the chemical group on the purified sequence The cluster and/or biomolecule is immobilized on a solid surface, and the bulk solid is separated to wash the bulk solid; 5)
  • the greatest difference between the above technical solutions and the prior art is that it is purified prior to the amplification amplification step. Since the complementary pairing of nucleotides has a certain mismatch rate, when a short-chain nucleic acid molecule is linked to a nucleic acid molecule of a growing chain by nucleotide complementary pairing, not all products are target nucleic acid molecules, if not purified. If it is amplified and amplified, the non-target long-chain nucleic acid molecules in the amplified product will be more, not only waste a large amount of raw materials, but also greatly increase the difficulty and cost of separation.
  • Amplification is performed immediately after synthesis of long-chain nucleic acid molecules, so when researchers try to long-chain When a nucleic acid molecule is divided into short-chain nucleic acid molecules and then a short-chain nucleic acid molecule is linked to synthesize a long-chain nucleic acid molecule, they find that the amount of the target nucleic acid molecule in the system after amplification and amplification is small, the yield is low, and the cost is very high.
  • the inventors of the present application have considered in the course of the study that it may be that the non-target nucleic acid molecules present in the system prior to the amplification amplification step result in a large number of non-target ligation products in the final system, when the inventors attempted the amplification step
  • the nucleic acid molecule was purified in advance, it was surprisingly found that the content of the non-target nucleic acid molecule in the amplification amplification product was reduced by tens of millions of times, so that the synthesis efficiency was greatly improved, and the synthesis cost was drastically lowered.
  • nucleic acid molecules Purification of nucleic acid molecules can be carried out by conventional HPL:, PAGE, capillary electrophoresis or gel electrophoresis, and the nucleic acid molecules of different lengths can be separated, or the solid phase separation method designed by the inventor can be used.
  • An end point of at least one of four small fragment nucleic acid molecules comprising a position of an end point of a nucleotide sequence of a target long-chain nucleic acid molecule, wherein the end point is also an end point of the nucleotide sequence, chemically modified to carry a living organism And/or a chemically reactive chemical group and/or biomolecule, the chemically modified small fragment nucleic acid molecule described above is referred to as a "purified sequence"; then a bulk solid is prepared, the solid surface having a chemical group and / Or a biomolecule, the chemical group and/or biomolecule described above can be linked to a chemical group and/or a biomolecule on the purification sequence, and the bulk solid is added to a solution containing a "nucleotide sequence comprising a long-chain nucleic acid molecule" In the incubation, the above nucleotide sequence will be immobilized on the solid surface by chemical groups and/or biomolecules on the purified sequence, and the block solid will
  • the above solid phase separation can also be carried out before the short-chain nucleic acid molecule fragment is ligated to the long-chain nucleic acid molecule, and the bulk solid is first incubated with the purified sequence to immobilize the purified sequence to the surface of the massive solid, and then the solid is solid.
  • the long-chain nucleic acid molecules are linked by a nucleic acid molecule ligase, and the bulk solid can also be simply washed to achieve purification.
  • the specific steps are as follows:
  • a method for synthesizing a long-chain nucleic acid molecule on a large scale which first synthesizes a short-chain nucleic acid molecule, and then joins the short-chain nucleic acid molecule into a long-chain nucleic acid molecule having a length of at least 2
  • the method comprises the following steps: 1) Design and synthesis of a short-stranded nucleic acid molecule fragment: designing a nucleotide sequence comprising a target long-chain nucleic acid molecule, each single strand of the double-stranded strand of the nucleotide sequence Divided into a plurality of small fragments, the dividing points in the two strands are staggered from each other to synthesize the small fragments; 2) chemical modification of the endpoint: at least four small fragment nucleic acid molecules located at the end positions of the above nucleotide sequences
  • the end point of a strip which is also the end point of the above nucleotide sequence, is chemically modified to carry a
  • a chain under the action of a nucleic acid molecule ligase, forms a complete long-chain nucleic acid molecule; 4) purification: separation of the bulk solid, washing the bulk solid; 5) amplification: using nucleic acid amplification technology to immobilize to block The target long-chain nucleic acid molecule on the solid surface is amplified and amplified; optional step 6) Shearing: the target nucleic acid molecule is obtained by excising the excess nucleotide fragment of the nucleotide sequence except the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule. .
  • a method for synthesizing a long-chain nucleic acid molecule on a large scale which first synthesizes a short-chain nucleic acid molecule, and then joins the short-chain nucleic acid molecule into a long-chain nucleic acid molecule having a length of at least 2
  • the method comprises the following steps: 1) Synthesis of short-stranded nucleic acid molecule fragments: each single strand in the double strand of the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule is divided into several small fragments, and the dividing points in the two strands are staggered from each other.
  • step 2 Synthesizing the small fragment; 2) linking the short-stranded nucleic acid molecule fragment
  • the small fragment nucleic acid molecules synthesized in step 1 are complementary paired in solution to form a double-stranded double-stranded chain, and form a complete long-chain nucleic acid molecule under the action of a nucleic acid molecule ligase; 3) Purification: Using HPL: , PAGE, capillary electrophoresis or gel electrophoresis, etc., the product of step 2 is purified to obtain the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule; 4) amplification: the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule purified by step 3 is expanded by nucleic acid amplification technology. Increase the amplification.
  • nucleotide sequence comprising a target long-chain nucleic acid molecule described in the step 1 may be the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule itself. Such a final step 6 can be omitted, and step 5 directly obtains the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule.
  • the "nucleotide sequence comprising a target long-chain nucleic acid molecule" described in the step 1 consists of a target long-chain nucleic acid molecule and a PCR primer sequence and a purified sequence located at both ends of the target long-chain nucleic acid molecule.
  • the advantage of this design is that different target long-chain nucleic acid molecules can use the same purification sequence, and the PCR primer sequences to be used in PCR amplification in step 5, which is advantageous for further cost reduction.
  • the transcription step can be further included before the purification step, which further improves the accuracy of the amplification method and further reduces the cost.
  • each single strand of the double strand of the target nucleic acid molecule is divided into several small fragments, and the dividing points in the two strands are staggered by at least 3 nucleotides from each other, preferably at least 5 nucleosides are shifted from each other.
  • the acids, further preferably at least 7 nucleotides apart from each other, are most preferably staggered by at least 9 nucleotides from each other.
  • the long-chain nucleic acid molecule comprises at least 700 nucleotides, the number of nucleotides in each small fragment is 150; or the long-chain nucleic acid molecule comprises at least 1000 nucleotides, in each small fragment The number of nucleotides is 100.
  • the technology for synthesizing nucleic acid molecules of less than 200 nucleotides is mature and relatively low in cost, and the readily available short-chain nucleic acid molecules can be linked to the desired long-chain nucleic acid molecules by the method of the present invention.
  • the prior art method of synthesizing 700, 1000 or more nucleic acid molecules is very costly, and the cost can be greatly reduced by the method of the present invention.
  • the bulk solid comprises a magnetic material, silicon, silicon dioxide, ceramic, polymeric material, quartz or glass.
  • any known solid material can be used as long as its surface can be chemically modified or attached to a biological group.
  • the purified sequence is modified with biotin, the surface of the solid is modified with streptavidin; or the purified sequence is modified with an amino group, the surface of the solid is modified with a carboxyl group; or the purified sequence is modified with a carboxyl group.
  • the surface of the block solid is modified with an amino group; or the purified sequence is modified with an azide, the surface of the block solid is modified with an alkyne (alkyne); or the purified sequence is modified with an alkyne, and the surface of the block solid is modified with an azide.
  • the nucleic acid molecule ligase may be a T4 ligase or a Taq ligase.
  • the technical effects produced by the present invention are very significant and inspiring.
  • the prior art synthesizes shorter nucleic acid molecules (the number of nucleotides is below 200).
  • the technology is mature and the cost is low, but further synthesis of longer nucleic acid molecules (500 When the nucleotides are above, the cost increases sharply.
  • some researchers have used different strategies to synthesize a certain number of genes (such as Tian Jindong et al. use physical space to separate 74 genes, about 30 kb), these tasks can be completed.
  • the flux is still constrained by the complexity and cost of the operation.
  • the present invention is pre-purified prior to amplification of the ligation product, ensuring that all ligation reactions, purification reactions, and amplification reactions can be performed simultaneously for all products in parallel, without adding too much additional operations and costs, achieving a large Flux, large-scale long-chain nucleic acid synthesis.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of the assembly of a growing chain nucleic acid molecule of an oligonucleotide fragment (i.e., a short chain nucleic acid molecule) of the present invention. It mainly consists of three steps: ligation of oligonucleotide fragments, purification of ligation products, and amplification. After a set of oligonucleotide fragments are thoroughly mixed, they are phosphorylated. For the convenience of purification of the ligation product in the next step, one of the oligonucleotide strands carries a biotin at the 5' end.
  • sequences are annealed and form a complete duplex under the action of T4 ligase or Taq ligase. Subsequently, magnetic beads modified with streptavidin are added for purification, which effectively removes the reaction substrate, the erroneous ligation product, and the double-stranded chain. Finally, the purified product is amplified and amplified by a nucleic acid amplification method such as PCR.
  • Figure 2 Acquisition of a single 554 bp nucleic acid fragment.
  • a set of 25bp-59bp nucleic acid fragments (17), linker sequences (1 and 2) and purified sequences (see Table 1) were ligated, purified and amplified in Figure 1.
  • a single 554 bp nucleic acid fragment was obtained. ).
  • the starting amount of each DNA fragment can be as low as 0.01 fmol, and the ligation product can still be obtained.
  • Figure 3 Acquisition of a single 731 bp nucleic acid fragment.
  • a set of 25bp-60bp nucleic acid fragments (23), linker sequences (1 and 2) and purified sequences (see Table 2) were ligated, purified and amplified in Figure 1.
  • a single 731 bp nucleic acid fragment was obtained. confirm).
  • the starting amount of each DNA fragment can be as low as 0.01 fmol, and the ligation product can still be waited for.
  • Figure 4 Acquisition of a single 1026 bp nucleic acid fragment.
  • a set of 25bp-60bp nucleic acid fragments (33), linker sequences (1 and 2) and purified sequences (see Table 3) were ligated, purified and amplified in Figure 1.
  • a single 1026 bp nucleic acid fragment was obtained. ).
  • Figure 5 Acquisition of a single fragment of a 554 bp nucleic acid fragment in the presence of an interfering fragment.
  • Figure 1 A single, fully correct 554 bp nucleic acid fragment (confirmed by cloning and sequencing) was obtained by ligation, purification, and amplification in three steps.
  • Figure 6 Acquisition of a single fragment 731 bp nucleic acid fragment in the presence of an interfering fragment.
  • Figure 7 shows the acquisition of a single fragment 1026 bp nucleic acid fragment under the interference fragment.
  • a three-step procedure a single, completely correct 981 bp nucleic acid fragment was obtained (confirmed by cloning and sequencing).
  • Fig. 8 under the interference fragment, three nucleic acid fragments of 554 bp, 731 bp, and 1026 bp were simultaneously obtained.
  • DNA fragments After a group of DNA fragments are dissolved and mixed thoroughly, they are diluted to 100 ⁇ 1/ ⁇ 1. All DNA fragments were phosphorylated using ⁇ 4 oligonucleotide kinase (NEB) according to product requirements and then incubated for 1 hour at 37 °C. After phosphorylation, the DNA fragment was further diluted to a content of 1 fmol per strip. At the same time, the T1 magnetic beads (Dynal) and the 5'-end modified biotin DNA probe were incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes and then washed three times with buffer.
  • NEB oligonucleotide kinase
  • the DNA fragment solution was mixed with the magnetic beads immobilized with the "purified sequence" and incubated at 65 ° C for two hours. In order to ensure sufficient hybridization between the DNA strands, the entire reactor oscillated at 220 rpm. The reactor was then slowly cooled to room temperature and the magnetic beads were washed to remove excess DNA fragments. Finally, the DNA hybridized on the magnetic beads is connected overnight by the action of T4 or Taq ligase.
  • the present invention removes by-products which have an influence on product amplification as much as possible before amplification, so that the target DNA molecule can still be obtained when the initial amount of the DNA fragment is as low as O.Olfmol.
  • the results of Figures 5-8 demonstrate that the present invention is particularly resistant to interference.
  • Table 4-6 in each experiment we artificially added several interfering sequences, and each interfering sequence set 5 random nucleotides at different positions (N stands for random nucleotides). This will cause very large interference to the synthetic target long-chain nucleic acid molecule, and there is no such large interference in the actual synthesis.
  • the method of the present invention still obtains the target product in the presence of such strong interference, indicating
  • the method of the invention has strong anti-interference ability and is suitable for synthesizing long-chain nucleic acid molecules on a large scale and with high accuracy.
  • a set of 25bp-59bp nucleic acid fragments (17), linker sequences (1 and 2) and purified sequences (1) were mixed thoroughly and then subjected to kinase phosphorylation. After annealing, a complete double strand is formed by the action of T4 ligase. Subsequently, the magnetic beads modified with streptavidin are added for purification, which effectively removes the reaction substrate, the erroneous ligation product, and the double-strand which is not completely ligated. Finally, the purified product is amplified and amplified by a nucleic acid amplification method such as PCR.
  • a nucleic acid amplification method such as PCR.
  • the experimental procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the magnetic beads of the surface-modified streptavidin were incubated for 15 minutes prior to the purification sequence and washed three times with buffer. It is then mixed in other sequences and subjected to phosphorylation. After annealing, the reaction is connected. Finally, purification and amplification are carried out.
  • the experimental procedure was the same as in Example 1 or 2 except that the magnetic beads of the surface modified streptavidin were replaced with glass, polymer particles such as polymethacrylamide, polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid-glycolic acid polymer (PLGA). , Polyacrylic acid
  • PAA polymethacrylic acid
  • poly-2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate poly N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide
  • polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylamide the obtained results and examples 1 is similar.
  • a set of 25bp-59bp nucleic acid fragments (17), linker sequences (1 and 2) and purified sequences (1) were mixed thoroughly and then subjected to kinase phosphorylation. After annealing, a complete double strand is formed by the action of T4 ligase. Subsequently, the product is purified by HPLC, which effectively removes the reaction substrate, the erroneously linked product, and the unligated double strand. Finally, the purified product is amplified and amplified by a nucleic acid amplification method such as PCR.
  • a nucleic acid amplification method such as PCR.
  • Example 6 The experimental procedure was the same as that in Example 4 except that the purification of the product by HPLC was changed to PAGE gel purification, gel electrophoresis purification, capillary electrophoresis purification, etc., and the experimental results were similar to those of Example 4.
  • Example 6 The experimental procedure was the same as that in Example 4 except that the purification of the product by HPLC was changed to PAGE gel purification, gel electrophoresis purification, capillary electrophoresis purification, etc., and the experimental results were similar to those of Example 4.
  • the experimental procedure was the same as in Example 1 or 2 except that in a set of 25 bp-59 bp nucleic acid fragments (17), linker sequences (1 and 2) and purified sequences (1), 12 additional interference fragments were added (see table). 5). Cloning and sequencing revealed that all were correct 554 bp nucleic acid fragments.
  • the experimental procedure was the same as in Example 6, except that in a set of 25 bp-59 bp nucleic acid fragments (17), linker sequences (1 and 2), and purified sequences (1), 12 interfering fragments were added, and then 68 was added. A 25 bp-59 bp nucleic acid fragment. Cloning and sequencing revealed that three nucleic acid fragments of 554 bp, 731 bp and 1026 bp were simultaneously obtained. Schedule:

Abstract

一种由短链核酸分子合成长链核酸分子的大规模、低成本、高效率合成方法,包括1)短链核酸分子片段的合成;2)端点的化学修饰:将位于长链核酸分子端点位置的小片段核酸分子的端点进行化学修饰,称为"纯化序列";3)短链核酸分子片段的连接:准备块状固体,所述固体表面具有化学基团和/或生物分子,将该块状固体加入步骤2得到的纯化序列的溶液中进行孵育,纯化序列将固定化到固体表面,将块状固体与步骤1合成得到的小片段核酸分子在溶液中通过互补配对形成带有缺口的双链,在连接酶作用下形成完整的长链核酸分子;4)纯化:分离并冲洗块状固体;5)利用核酸扩增技术对固定化到块状固体表面的目标长链核酸分子进行扩增放大。

Description

一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种核酸分子的合成方法, 特别涉及一种由短链核酸分子合成长链核酸分子 的大规模、 低成本、 高效率合成方法。
背景技术
近年来, 合成生物学的发展速度迅猛。 生物能源、 医药中间体等均可以通过合成基因的 手段, 达到改变细菌或细胞的代谢过程。 例如, 2006年, 科学家利用工程酵母合成青蒿素中 间体, 将产率提高 115毫克 /毫升。 2009年, Church小组通过一组寡核苷酸片段修饰基因组, 加快大肠杆菌进化, 使得番茄红素 Lycopene的产率增加五倍。
更为令人振奋的是, 科学家已经开始通过合成手段来合成完整的基因组, 并以此构建新 的生命体。 2008年, 科学家第一次合成了基因组长度具有 582kb的生殖支原体(Mycoplasma genitalium) 0 2010年 5月, 科学家组装修饰了一个基因组 (有一百万个碱基组成) 并将其植 入到细菌中以此产生一个能够自我复制的蕈状支原体。 这些成果表明, 在不久的将来, 我们 可以完全按照自己的意愿来改造生命。
基因合成的不断成熟是合成生物学迅猛的关键之一。特别是近年来, DNA芯片技术的发 展使得大规模合成基因成为可能。现在, 在一张芯片上, 可以同时合成上百万寡核苷酸序列。 然而这些寡核苷酸序列太短, 一般在 60bp 到 200bp之间。 如何将这些短的片段变成足够长 度有效的基因 (大于 lkb), 特别是如何有效地获得成千上万条条长片段基因是当前合成生物 学研究领域的热点和难点之一。
解决这一难题的策略有两个: 一是继续提高寡核苷酸的合成能力, 增加每条寡核苷酸的 长度; 二是, 基于现有技术, 开发有效的组装方法, 实现平行组装上千万条长片段基因。 事 实上, 这两种策略并不矛盾, 有可能相互整合。 但是, 前者很大程度上依赖于技术的突破。 而最近两个工作证明后者, 在操作上更为可行性。 Church等利用选择性放大部分寡核苷酸序 列方法, 先建立亚文库, 再进行组装的策略, 实现了合成 47个基因 (共 35kb)。 Tian Jindong 小组等将芯片预先分成若干个物理单元, 进行平行合成、 放大以及组装的方法, 同样实现 74 个基因 (共 30kb) 的合成。 然而, Church和 Tian Jindong等人的工作, 在合成的通量上 (最 大合成的数目) 仍然具有很大的局限性, 必须分步实现上千基因的合成; 此外这些方法合成 基因的成本上也较高, 还有很大的提高余地。
本发明专利提出一种更为简单可行的组装方法, 可平行实现多个基因的组装。 发明内容
本发明的目的正是为了解决上述技术问题, 提供一种新型寡核苷酸组装合成长链核酸分 子的方法。
本发明采用核酸连接 -纯化 -放大( Ligation-Puficaion- Amplification, or LPA)技术, 使得寡 核苷酸片段(30bp-200bp之间)有效地组装合成长片段基因 (500bp-lkbp), 进一步通过核酸 扩增手段增加长片段基因的产量。 利用该技术可方便、 有效地从事寡核苷酸片段的组装、 纯 化和放大等操作, 排除随机组装产物、 不完全连接产物以及错配组装产物等副产物, 实现三 条或更多条基因的同时组装和放大。 为了纯化简单起见, 采用固相连接 -纯化方法, 即将核酸 分子固定在磁珠等固相颗粒表面, 达到从连接反应中快速、 简单分离纯化产物的目的。
在本发明中, 术语 "核苷酸序列"或 "核酸分子"指的是核糖核酸(RNA)、 脱氧核糖核 酸 (DNA) 以及它们的衍生物或杂合体等。
"固定化"(immobi l ize )指的是核酸分子(包括但不限于 DNA、 RNA等)通过化学基团 (如氨基 -NH2) 与固态物体上的化学基团 (如羧基 -C00H)通过化学反应 (如氨基与羧基脱去 一分子水) 形成共价键, 从而将核酸分子与块状固体紧密连接在一起; 或者指溶液中的核酸 分子通过高亲和分子 (包括但不限于 biotin与 avidin或 streptavidin)之间的相互作用与 固态物体连接在一体; 或者指溶液中的核酸分子与已经固定化到高分子块体上的纯化序列通 过碱基配对生成氢键紧密连接在一起。 因此, "固定化"不同于物理的吸附或粘附, 通常的洗 涤方式可以将吸附或粘附在高分子块体上的杂质洗去, 却不能洗去 "固定化" 到高分子块体 上的核酸分子。
核酸扩增方法, 是指任何基于核酸模板, 实现核酸扩增放大的方法, 包括但不限于聚合 酶链式反应 (PCR)、 转录、 等温扩增等方法。
"聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)", 又称体外 DNA扩增技术, 包括变性、 退火和延伸三个步骤。 用 于 DNA模板等扩增放大。 本发明采用的技术方案如下。
一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法, 该方法先合成短链核酸分子, 然后将短链核酸分 子连接为长链核酸分子, 所述长链核酸分子的长度至少为短链分子长度的 2倍; 该方法包括 如下步骤: 1)短链核酸分子片段的设计及合成: 设计一段包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序 列, 将所述核苷酸序列的双链中的每一条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点 彼此错开, 合成所述小片段, 合成小片段核酸分子的方法已经非常成熟, 而且成本很低, 如 上百万条 60bp的寡核苷酸片段只需几千元人民币, 每一个碱基不足 0.01分; 2)端点的化学 修饰: 将位于上述核苷酸序列端点位置的 4条小片段核酸分子中的至少一条的端点一该端点 同时也是上述核苷酸序列的端点一进行化学修饰, 使其带有可以发生生物和 /或化学反应的化 学基团和 /或生物分子, 上述进行了化学修饰的小片段核酸分子称为 "纯化序列"; 3 )短链核 酸分子片段的连接: 步骤 1合成得到的包括上述纯化序列的小片段核酸分子在溶液中通过互 补配对, 形成带有缺口的双链, 在核酸分子连接酶的作用下, 形成完整的长链核酸分子; 4) 纯化: 准备块状固体, 所述固体表面具有化学基团和 /或生物分子, 上述化学基团和 /或生物 分子能够与纯化序列上的化学基团和 /或生物分子连接,将该块状固体加入步骤 3得到的含有 长链核酸分子的溶液中进行孵育, 包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列将通过纯化序列上的 化学基团和 /或生物分子固定化到固体表面, 分离得到块状固体, 冲洗块状固体; 5 ) 扩增: 利用核酸扩增技术对固定化到块状固体表面的包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列进行扩增 放大; 任选的步骤 6 ) 剪切: 通过酶切除核苷酸序列中除目标长链核酸分子之外多余的核苷 酸片段, 得到目标核酸分子。
上述技术方案与现有技术的最大区别在于其在扩增放大步骤之前进行了纯化。 由于核苷 酸的互补配对存在一定的错配率, 因而通过核苷酸互补配对将短链核酸分子连接成长链的核 酸分子的时候, 并不是所有的产物都是目标核酸分子, 如果不加以纯化便对其进行扩增放大 的话, 扩增产物中的非目标长链核酸分子将更多, 不但浪费了大量的原料, 而且大大增加了 分离难度与成本。 然而, 在本申请之前, 本领域似乎形成了一种技术偏见, 研究者形成了这 样一种定势思维: 合成得到长链核酸分子之后立即进行扩增放大, 因而当有研究者尝试将长 链核酸分子划分为短链核酸分子, 然后由短链核酸分子连接合成长链核酸分子的时候, 他们 发现扩增放大之后的体系中目标核酸分子的含量很少, 产率很低, 成本非常高。 本申请的发 明人在研究过程中考虑到, 可能是扩增放大步骤之前存在于体系中的非目标核酸分子导致了 最终体系中的大量非目标连接产物, 当发明人尝试在扩增放大步骤之前预先对核酸分子进行 纯化的时候, 惊奇地发现扩增放大产物中的非目标核酸分子的含量减小了数千万倍, 从而使 得合成效率大大提高, 同时合成成本大幅下降。 对核酸分子进行纯化可以采用传统的 HPL:、 PAGE, 毛细管电泳或者凝胶电泳等方法, 将不同长度的核酸分子分离开, 也可以采用发明人 设计的固相分离方法, 具体操作是先将位于包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列端点位置的 4 条小片段核酸分子中的至少一条的端点一该端点同时也是上述核苷酸序列的端点一进行化 学修饰,使其带有可以发生生物和 /或化学反应的化学基团和 /或生物分子, 上述进行了化学修 饰的小片段核酸分子称为 "纯化序列"; 然后准备块状固体, 所述固体表面具有化学基团和 / 或生物分子, 上述化学基团和 /或生物分子能够与纯化序列上的化学基团和 /或生物分子连接, 将该块状固体加入含有 "包含长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列" 的溶液中进行孵育, 上述核苷酸 序列将通过纯化序列上的化学基团和 /或生物分子固定化到固体表面, 分离得到块状固体, 冲 洗块状固体, 便可以将非目标产物 (通常是物理吸附到块状固体表面, 或者连接到块状固体 表面但是核酸分子上存在未连接的缺口) 冲洗掉, 于是块状固体上固定化的核酸分子便基本 全是包含目标核酸分子的核苷酸序列了, 如此便简单地实现了核酸分子的纯化, 使得扩增放 大的准确率大大提高。 当然, 上述固相分离也可以在将短链核酸分子片段连接成长链核酸分 子之前进行, 先将块状固体与纯化序列一起孵育, 使纯化序列固定化到块状固体表面, 然后 将块状固体与其他短链核酸分子一起在核酸分子连接酶的作用下连接成长链核酸分子, 同样 可以简单地对块状固体进行冲洗以达到纯化的目的。 具体操作步骤如下:
一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法, 该方法先合成短链核酸分子, 然后将短链核酸分 子连接为长链核酸分子, 所述长链核酸分子的长度至少为短链分子长度的 2倍; 该方法包括 如下步骤: 1)短链核酸分子片段的设计及合成: 设计一段包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序 列, 将所述核苷酸序列的双链中的每一条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点 彼此错开, 合成所述小片段; 2)端点的化学修饰: 将位于上述核苷酸序列端点位置的 4条小 片段核酸分子中的至少一条的端点一该端点同时也是上述核苷酸序列的端点一进行化学修 饰, 使其带有可以发生生物和 /或化学反应的化学基团和 /或生物分子, 上述进行了化学修饰 的小片段核酸分子称为 "纯化序列"; 3 ) 短链核酸分子片段的连接: 准备块状固体, 所述固 体表面具有化学基团和 /或生物分子, 上述化学基团和 /或生物分子能够与纯化序列上的化学 基团和 /或生物分子连接, 将该块状固体加入步骤 2得到的纯化序列的溶液中进行孵育, 纯化 序列将通过其上的化学基团和 /或生物分子固定化到固体表面,将上述孵育后的块状固体与步 骤 1合成得到的小片段核酸分子在溶液中通过互补配对, 形成带有缺口的双链, 在核酸分子 连接酶的作用下, 形成完整的长链核酸分子; 4) 纯化: 分离得到块状固体, 冲洗块状固体; 5 )扩增: 利用核酸扩增技术对固定化到块状固体表面的目标长链核酸分子进行扩增放大; 任 选的步骤 6) 剪切: 通过酶切除核苷酸序列中除目标长链核酸分子之外多余的核苷酸片段, 得到目标核酸分子。
而如果采用常规的纯化方法, 则步骤如下:
一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法, 该方法先合成短链核酸分子, 然后将短链核酸分 子连接为长链核酸分子, 所述长链核酸分子的长度至少为短链分子长度的 2倍; 该方法包括 如下步骤: 1)短链核酸分子片段的合成: 将目标长链核酸分子双链中的每一条单链分别划分 为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点彼此错开, 合成所述小片段; 2 )短链核酸分子片段的连 接: 步骤 1合成得到的小片段核酸分子在溶液中通过互补配对, 形成带有缺口的双链, 在核 酸分子连接酶的作用下, 形成完整的长链核酸分子; 3 ) 纯化: 利用 HPL:、 PAGE, 毛细管电 泳或者凝胶电泳等方法对步骤 2的产物进行纯化, 分离得到目标长链核酸分子; 4)扩增: 利 用核酸扩增技术对步骤 3纯化得到的目标长链核酸分子进行扩增放大。
步骤 1 中所述 "一段包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列"可以是目标长链核酸分子本 身。 这样最后的步骤 6便可以省略, 步骤 5直接得到目标长链核酸分子。
或者, 步骤 1 中所述 "一段包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列" 由目标长链核酸分子 及位于目标长链核酸分子两端的 PCR引物序列和纯化序列组成。 这样设计的好处是, 不同的 目标长链核酸分子可以使用同样的纯化序列、 在步骤 5进行 PCR扩增时将用到的 PCR引物序 列, 这样有利于进一步降低成本。
优选地, 可以在纯化步骤之前进一步包括转录步骤, 如此能更进一步地提高扩增方法的 准确率, 进一步降低成本。
优选地, 步骤 1 中将目标核酸分子双链中的每一条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条 链中的划分点彼此错开至少 3个核苷酸, 优选彼此错开至少 5个核苷酸, 进一步优选彼此错 开至少 7个核苷酸, 最优选彼此错开至少 9个核苷酸。划分点错开较多, 则错配的几率变小, 合成的准确度增加。
优选地,所述长链核酸分子包括至少 700个核苷酸,每一个小片段中的核苷酸数目 150; 或者所述长链核酸分子包括至少 1000个核苷酸, 每一个小片段中的核苷酸数目 100。 现有 技术中合成 200个核苷酸以下的核酸分子技术已经很成熟, 成本也相当低, 利用本发明的方 法可以将这些容易获得的短链核酸分子连接为想要的长链的核酸分子, 现有技术的方法合成 700个、 1000个以上或者更长的核酸分子成本非常高, 利用本发明的方法可以大大降低成本。
优选地, 所述块状固体包括磁性材料、 硅、 二氧化硅、 陶瓷、 高分子材料、 石英或者玻 璃。 实际上, 任何已知的固体材料, 只要其表面可以进行化学修饰或者连接生物基团, 都可 以使用。
优选地,纯化序列修饰有生物素(biotin),块状固体表面修饰有链酶亲和素(streptavidin); 或者纯化序列修饰有氨基, 块状固体表面修饰有羧基; 或者纯化序列修饰有羧基, 块状固体 表面修饰有氨基;或者纯化序列修饰有叠氮化物(azide) , 块状固体表面修饰有炔烃(alkyne); 或者纯化序列修饰有炔烃, 块状固体表面修饰有叠氮化物。
优选地, 核酸分子连接酶可以是 T4连接酶或 Taq连接酶。
本发明所产生的技术效果是非常显著而且振奋人心的,现有技术合成较短的核酸分子(核 苷酸数目在 200以下) 技术较成熟, 成本也较低, 然而进一步合成更长的核酸分子 (500个 核苷酸以上) 时成本急剧增加, 虽然有研究者利用不同策略合成得到了一定数量的基因 (如 Tian Jindong等人利用物理空间分隔一次得到 74个基因, 约 30kb), 然而这些工作所能完成 的通量仍然受操作的复杂程度和成本的制约。 而本发明由于在对连接产物进行扩增之前预先 进行了纯化, 保证了所有连接反应、 纯化反应、 扩增反应可以平行针对所有产物同时进行, 没有增加太多额外的操作和成本, 实现了大通量、 大规模的长链核酸合成。
附图说明
图 1本发明的寡核苷酸片段 (即短链核酸分子) 组装成长链核酸分子的示意图。 主要包括三 步: 寡核苷酸片段的连接, 连接产物的纯化以及放大。 一组寡核苷酸片段充分混合后, 进行 磷酸化处理。 为方便下一步对连接产物进行纯化起见, 其中一条寡核苷酸链的 5 ' 端带有生 物素 (biotin)。 这些序列经过退火 (annealing), 在 T4连接酶或 Taq连接酶的作用下, 形成完 整的双链。 随后, 加入带 streptavidin修饰的磁珠进行纯化, 这样可以有效地去除反应底物、 错误连接产物以及没有连接完全的双链。 最后, 通过 PCR等核酸扩增方式, 将进行纯化好的 产物扩增放大。
图 2 单一 554 bp核酸片段的获得。 一组 25bp-59bp的核酸片段 (17条)、 接头序列 (1和 2) 和纯化序列 (见表 1 ), 经过图 1连接、 纯化、 放大三步操作, 获得单一 554bp核酸片段 (经 过测序确认)。 每条 DNA片段的起始量可以低至 0.01fmol, 仍然可以得到连接产物。
图 3 单一 731 bp核酸片段的获得。 一组 25bp-60bp的核酸片段 (23条)、 接头序列 (1和 2) 和纯化序列 (见表 2), 经过图 1连接、 纯化、 放大三步操作, 获得单一 731 bp核酸片段(经 过测序确认)。 每条 DNA片段的起始量可以低至 0.01fmol, 仍然可以等到连接产物。
图 4 单一 1026 bp核酸片段的获得。 一组 25bp-60bp的核酸片段(33条)、 接头序列( 1和 2) 和纯化序列(见表 3 ), 经过图 1连接、 纯化、 放大三步操作, 获得单一 1026bp核酸片段(经 过测序确认)。
图 5 存在干扰片段下, 单一片段 554 bp核酸片段的获得。 一组 25bp-59 bp的核酸片段 (17 条)、 接头序列 (1和 2)、 纯化序列 (1条) (表 1 ) 以及一组干扰序列 (12条) (见表 4), 经 过图 1连接、 纯化、 放大三步操作, 获得单一完全正确的 554 bp核酸片段 (经克隆测序确 认)。
图 6 存在干扰片段下, 单一片段 731 bp核酸片段的获得。 一组 25bp-59 bp的核酸片段 (23 条)、 接头序列 (1和 2)、 纯化序列 (1条) 以及一组干扰序列 (6条) (见表 5 ), 经过图 1 连接、 纯化、 放大三步操作, 获得单一完全正确的 731 bp核酸片段 (经克隆测序确认)。 图 7存在干扰片段下, 单一片段 1026 bp核酸片段的获得。 一组 25bp-60bp的核酸片段 (33 条)、 接头序列 (1和 2) 和纯化序列 (1条) 以及一组干扰序列 (6条) (见表 6), 经过图 1 连接、 纯化、 放大三步操作, 获得单一完全正确的 981 bp核酸片段 (经克隆测序确认)。 图 8存在干扰片段下, 同时获得 554bp、 731bp、 1026 bp三条核酸片段。 一组 25bp-59 bp 的核酸片段 (17+23+33=73条)、 接头序列 (1和 2) 和纯化序列 (1条) 以及一组干扰序列 ( 12+6+6=24条) (见表 1-6), 经过图 1连接、 纯化、 放大三步操作, 获得三条完全正确核酸 片段, 分别为 554 bp, 731bp, 1026bp (经克隆测序确认)。
具体实施方式
以下将通过具体的实施例说明本发明, 但是这些具体的实施例不应当理解为对本发明的 限制, 对某些细节进行修改将仍然落入本发明的保护范围之内。
材料和方法:
一组 DNA片段溶解充分混合后, 稀释到 100 βηο1/μ1。 按照产品要求, 利用 Τ4寡聚核苷 酸激酶(Polynucleotide kinase, NEB)对所有 DNA片段进行磷酸化处理, 然后在 37 °C孵育 1 个小时。磷酸化后, DNA片段进一步稀释到每一条的含量为 1 fmol。同时,将 T1磁珠(Dynal) 与 5 ' 端修饰生物素的 DNA探针在室温下孵育 15分钟, 然后用缓冲液清洗三次。
将 DNA片段溶液与固定化了 "纯化序列"的磁珠混合, 在 65 °C下孵育两个小时。 为了 保证 DNA链间充分杂交, 整个反应器在 220转 /分钟震荡。 然后将反应器缓慢降温至室温, 清洗磁珠, 除去多余的 DNA片段。 最后, 在 T4或 Taq连接酶的作用下, 将磁珠上杂交好的 DNA, 进行过夜连接。
为了大量获得连接好的 DNA产品, 下一步我们将它们进行必要的扩增。 常用的方法包 括 PCR、 转录等各种扩增方式, 或者可以将两种方式相互结合使用进行扩增。 最后将放大产 物进行纯化, 克隆和测序。
从实施例 1-7的结果 (实验结果见图 1-8及附图说明)可以看出, 即使 DNA片段的起始 量低至 O.Olfmol的时候, 依然可以得到目标 DNA分子, 这一点对于基于芯片合成的核酸制 备非常重要。 由于现阶段芯片大规模合成小核酸分子方法得到每一条分子的含量约为 lfmol, 不经过扩增, 很难等到足够量的核酸分子, 因此扩增反应是必须的。 本发明由于预先进行了 纯化, 在扩增前尽可能的除去对产物扩增有影响的副产物, 使得 DNA 片段的起始量低至 O.Olfmol的时候, 依然可以得到目标 DNA分子,这是采用芯片技术大规模合成长链核酸分子 的关键所在。 此外, 图 5-8的结果证明, 本发明抗干扰的能力特别强。 从表 4-6可以看出, 每个实验 中我们人为地加入了若干条干扰序列, 每一条干扰序列中都在不同的位置设置了 5个随机的 核苷酸(N代表随机核苷酸), 这将对合成目标长链核酸分子造成非常大的干扰, 在实际合成 时是不会存在如此大的干扰的, 本发明的方法在存在如此强烈的干扰的情况下依然得到了目 标产物, 说明本发明的方法抗干扰能力非常强, 很适合大规模、 高准确度地合成长链核酸分 子。
实施例 1
一组 25bp-59bp的核酸片段 (17条)、 接头序列 (1和 2) 和纯化序列 (1条) (见表 1 ) 先充分混合, 然后经过激酶磷酸化处理。 经过退火 (annealing), 在 T4连接酶的作用下, 形成 完整的双链。随后, 加入带 streptavidin修饰的磁珠进行纯化,这样可以有效地去除反应底物、 错误连接产物以及没有连接完全的双链。 最后, 通过 PCR等核酸扩增方式, 将进行纯化好的 产物扩增放大。
实施例 2
实验过程与实施例 1相同,只是将表面修饰 streptavidin的磁珠颗粒先于纯化序列孵育 15 分钟, 用缓冲液清洗三次。 然后在其它序列混合, 进行磷酸化处理。 再经过退火、 连接反应。 最后, 进行纯化和扩增。
实施例 3
实验过程与实施例 1或 2相同, 只是将表面修饰 streptavidin的磁珠颗粒换为玻璃、 聚合 物颗粒, 如聚甲基丙烯酰胺、 聚乳酸 (PLA)、 聚乳酸-羟基乙酸聚合物 (PLGA)、 聚丙烯酸
(PAA)、 聚甲基丙烯酸、 聚 2-羟乙基 (甲基) 丙烯酸酯、 聚 N-异丙基 (甲基) 丙烯酰胺、 聚乙酸乙烯酯或聚丙烯胺, 得到的结果与实施例 1相似。
实施例 4
一组 25bp-59bp的核酸片段 (17条)、 接头序列 (1和 2) 和纯化序列 (1条) (见表 1 ) 先充分混合, 然后经过激酶磷酸化处理。 经过退火 (annealing), 在 T4连接酶的作用下, 形成 完整的双链。 随后, 利用 HPLC对产物进行纯化, 这样可以有效地去除反应底物, 错误连接 产物以及没有连接完全的双链。 最后, 通过 PCR等核酸扩增方式, 将进行纯化好的产物扩增 放大。
实施例 5
实验过程与实施例 4相同, 只是将 HPLC对产物的纯化改为 PAGE胶纯化、 凝胶电泳纯 化、 毛细管电泳纯化等方式, 实验结果与实施例 4类似。 实施例 6
实验过程与实施例 1或 2相同, 只是在一组 25bp-59bp的核酸片段(17条)、接头序列(1 和 2) 和纯化序列 (1条) 中, 再加入 12条干扰片段 (见表 5 )。 克隆测序发现, 全部为正确 554bp核酸片段。
实施例 7
实验过程与实施例 6相同, 只是在一组 25 bp-59 bp的核酸片段 (17条)、 接头序列 (1 和 2) 和纯化序列 (1条) 中, 加入 12条干扰片段, 再加入 68条 25 bp-59 bp的核酸片段。 克隆测序发现, 可同时获得 554bp、 731bp、 1026 bp三条核酸片段。 附表:
PCR引物
forward primer TCGAGCGGCCGCCCGGGCAGGT
reverse primer AGCGTGGTCGCGGCCGAGGT 表 1. 获得 554bp片段所需序列
Figure imgf000011_0001
17 GGCCGAGGTGCGCTGATGTGACAAATAACTCCTT 表 2. 获得 73 lbp片段所需序列
纯化序列 bio-TCACAGGATGGCTAATACGAAGGACACTGTAGAAAGCGTGGTCGC 接头序列 1 TCGAGCGGCCGCCCGGGCAGGTGGGACAGCAGAGGAA
接头序列 2 ACCTCGGCCGCGACCACGCTTTCTACAGTGTCCT
1 CATTCTCCACTTCTTGTTCCCCACTGACAGCCTCCCACCCCCATCTCTCCCTCCCCTGC
2 CATTTTGGGTTTTGGGTCTTTGAACCCTTGCTTGCAATAGGTGTGCGTCAGAAGCACC C
3 AGGACTTCCATTTGCTTTGTCCCGGGGCTCCACTGAACAAGTTGGCCTGCACTGGTGT
T
4 TTGTTGTGGGGAGGAGGATGGGGAGTAGGACATACCAGCTTAGATTTTAAGGTTTTTA
C
5 TGTGAGGGATGTTTGGGAGATGTAAGAAATGTTCTTGCAGTTAAGGGTTAGTTTACAA
T
6 CAGCCACATTCTAGGTAGGGGCCCACTTCACCGTACTAACCAGGGAAGCTGTCCCTCA
C
7 TGTTGAATTTTCTCTAACTTCAAGGCCCATATCTGTGAAATGCTGGCATTTGCACCTAC
8 CTCACAGAGTGCATTGTGAGGGTTAATGAAATAATGTACATCTGGCCTTGAAACCACCT
9 TTTATTACATGGGGTCTAGAACTTGACCCCCTTGAGGGTGCTTGTTCCCTCTCCCTGTT
10 GGTCGGTGGGTTGGTAGTTTCTACAGTTGGGCAGCTGGTTAGGTAGAGGGAGTTGTCA
A
11 GTCTCTGCTGGCCCAGCCAAACCCTGTCTGACAACCTCTTGGTGAACCTTAGTACCTA
A
12 GAGGCTGTCAGTGGGGAACAAGAAGTGGAGAATGTTCCTCTGCTGTCCCACCTGCCC
GG
13 CAAGCAAGGGTTCAAAGACCCAAAACCCAAAATGGCAGGGGAGGGAGAGATGGGGG
TGG
14 AGTGGAGCCCCGGGACAAAGCAAATGGAAGTCCTGGGTGCTTCTGACGCACACCTAT
TG
15 TATGTCCTACTCCCCATCCTCCTCCCCACAACAAAACACCAGTGCAGGCCAACTTGTT
C
16 GAACATTTCTTACATCTCCCAAACATCCCTCACAGTAAAAACCTTAAAATCTAAGCTGG
17 ACGGTGAAGTGGGCCCCTACCTAGAATGTGGCTGATTGTAAACTAACCCTTAACTGCA
A
18 AGATATGGGCCTTGAAGTTAGAGAAAATTCAACAGTGAGGGACAGCTTCCCTGGTTAG
T
19 TTATTTCATTAACCCTCACAATGCACTCTGTGAGGTAGGTGCAAATGCCAGCATTTCAC
20 CAAGGGGGTCAAGTTCTAGACCCCATGTAATAAAAGGTGGTTTCAAGGCCAGATGTAC
A
21 TTGTCAGACAGGGTTTGGCTGGGCCAGCAGAGACTTGACAACTCCCTCTACCTAACC
AG
22 CTGCCCAACTGTAGAAACTACCAACCCACCGACCAACAGGGAGAGGGAACAAGCAC
CCT
23 GGCCGAGGTTTAGGTACTAAGGTTCACCAAGAGG 表 3 获得 1026bp片段所需序列
Figure imgf000012_0001
ATTCTTCTACCAGGCAGCCGAGAACAGGGAGATAAACATCATCATCTTCTAAGAGCTGG
TCAAGAAATTTAAAACAACAACAACAAAAAGTTACGGGGTTCATCTCCTACACAATTCA
TTTACTCCATTTGAATGCTAGAGCCACTCACATTTATTTGTGTTTCTAATTTACCGTTT
AAACATGACCCCAGAGTCTGCACTGGAGGAGCTGCTGGCCGTTCAGGTGGAGCTGGAGC
CGGTTAATGCCCAAGCCAGGAAGGCCTTTTCTCGGCAGCGGGAAAAGATGGAGCGGAGG
CGCAAGCCCCACCTAGACCGCAGAGGCGCCGTCATCCAGAGCGTCCCTGGCTTCTGGGC
CAATGTTATTGCAAACCACCCCCAGATGTCAGCCCTGATCACTGACGAAGATGAAGACA
TGCTGAGCTACATGGTCAGCCTGGAGGTGGAAGAAGAGAAGCATCCTGTTCATCTCTGC
AAGATCATGTTGTTCTTTCGGAGTAACCCCTACTTCCAGAATAAAGTGATTACCAAGGG
CCCTATGAGTGCAATGAATGTGGGAAATCCTTCATAAGGAGCTCGAGCCTCATTCGCCA
TTATCAGATCCACACAGAAGTGAAACAGTATGAATGCAAAGAATGTGGGAAGGCATTCC
GTCATCGCTCAGACCTTATTGAACACCAGAGAATTCACACCGGAGAGAGACCCTTTGAA
TGCAATGAGTGTGGGAAAGCCTTTATTCGGAGTTCAAAGCTCATTCAGCATCAGAGGAT
CAGGCTCACTTCATAAAAATCATCCTGCTCACCGTTCCTCTGCTGTCCCACCTGCCCGG
GGGTTGTCATGGGGAGAACCCTCCCTGGCCGCTCCTGGTGCAGGCTCCACGTTGTTGTC
CTGGGTGCTCCTAGGTGTCCTGCATGACAGGAGACAGCTGCACGATCTGCTGTACCGGG
TATCTCCCTGTTCTCGGCTGCCTGGTAGAAGAATGGCACGCAGGGTTTGCTGGGCAAGC
TAACTTTTTGTTGTTGTTGTTTTAAATTTCTTGACCAGCTCTTAGAAGATGATGATGTT
AATGTGAGTGGCTCTAGCATTCAAATGGAGTAAATGAATTGTGTAGGAGATGAACCCCG
CAGCTCCTCCAGTGCAGACTCTGGGGTCATGTTTAAACGGTAAATTAGAAACACAAATA
CGAGAAAAGGCCTTCCTGGCTTGGGCATTAACCGGCTCCAGCTCCACCTGAACGGCCAG
TGACGGCGCCTCTGCGGTCTAGGTGGGGCTTGCGCCTCCGCTCCATCTTTTCCCGCTGC
GGCTGACATCTGGGGGTGGTTTGCAATAACATTGGCCCAGAAGCCAGGGACGCTCTGGA
TCTTCCACCTCCAGGCTGACCATGTAGCTCAGCATGTCTTCATCTTCGTCAGTGATCAG
AGTAGGGGTTACTCCGAAAGAACAACATGATCTTGCAGAGATGAACAGGATGCTTCTCT
TGAAGGATTTCCCACATTCATTGCACTCATAGGGCCCTTGGTAATCACTTTATTCTGGA
TTCATACTGTTTCACTTCTGTGTGGATCTGATAATGGCGAATGAGGCTCGAGCTCCTTA
AACTCCGAATAAAGGCTTTCCCACACTCATTGCATTCAAAGGGTCTCTCTCCGGTGTGA
ATTCTCTGGTGTTCAATAAGGTCTGAGCGATGACGGAATGCCTTCCCACATTCTTTGCA
GGCCGAGGTATCCTCTGATGCTGAATGAGCTTTG bp片段干扰序列:
N N NGAATGTGCTGTCACTTGTTCAAATAGTCACAACCCTTCTAACTCCAACCAGCCT
TGGAGN N NTGCTGTCACTTGTTCAAATAGTCACAACCCTTCTAACTCCAACCAGCCT
TGGAGGAATGN N TCACTTGTTCAAATAGTCACAACCCTTCTAACTCCAACCAGCCT
N N NTTACCGGCATCGTGAAGTCTCTTTCTTGGCATTGGATGAACAGAAAGTTTGCTC
AACTCN N GGCATCGTGAAGTCTCTTTCTTGGCATTGGATGAACAGAAAGTTTGCTC
AACTCTTACCGGN N TGAAGTCTCTTTCTTGGCATTGGATGAACAGAAAGTTTGCTC
N N NAGGATGTTGCCAGGGATTACTCCAATCCCAAATGGGATGAAACCTCACTTGGCT
CGCTCNN NGTTGCCAGGGATTACTCCAATCCCAAATGGGATGAAACCTCACTTGGCT
CGCTCAGGATN N NCAGGGATTACTCCAATCCCAAATGGGATGAAACCTCACTTGGCT
N N NGTCACTGGAGATGAAGGAGGCAGCTGCCACCGAGATCCGCCGAGTCATCACAGG
TCCGCNN N TGGAGATGAAGGAGGCAGCTGCCACCGAGATCCGCCGAGTCATCACAGG
TCCGCGTCACNN N ATGAAGGAGGCAGCTGCCACCGAGATCCGCCGAGTCATCACAGG bp片段干扰序列
Figure imgf000013_0001
表 6
1026bp片段干扰序列
Figure imgf000014_0001

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 WO 2013/007099 PCT/CN2012/000818
1. 一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法, 其特征在于该方法先合成短链核酸分子, 然后将短 链核酸分子连接为长链核酸分子, 所述长链核酸分子的长度至少为短链分子长度的 2倍; 该方法包括如下步骤: 1) 短链核酸分子片段的设计及合成: 设计一段包含目标长链核酸 分子的核苷酸序列, 将所述核苷酸序列的双链中的每一条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点彼此错开, 合成所述小片段; 2) 端点的化学修饰: 将位于上述核苷酸 序列端点位置的 4 条小片段核酸分子中的至少一条的端点一该端点同时也是上述核苷酸 序列的端点一进行化学修饰, 使其带有可以发生生物和 /或化学反应的化学基团和 /或生物 分子, 上述进行了化学修饰的小片段核酸分子称为 "纯化序列"; 3 )短链核酸分子片段的 连接: 步骤 1合成得到的包括上述纯化序列的小片段核酸分子在溶液中通过互补配对, 形 成带有缺口的双链, 在核酸分子连接酶的作用下, 形成完整的长链核酸分子; 4) 纯化: 准备块状固体, 所述固体表面具有化学基团和 /或生物分子, 上述化学基团和 /或生物分子 能够与纯化序列上的化学基团和 /或生物分子连接, 将该块状固体加入步骤 3得到的含有 长链核酸分子的溶液中进行孵育,包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列将通过纯化序列上 的化学基团和 /或生物分子固定化到固体表面, 分离得到块状固体, 冲洗块状固体; 5 )扩 增:利用核酸扩增技术对固定化到块状固体表面的包含目标长链核酸分子的核苷酸序列进 行扩增放大; 任选的步骤 6 )剪切: 通过酶切除核苷酸序列中除目标长链核酸分子之外多 余的核苷酸片段, 得到目标核酸分子。
2. 一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法, 其特征在于该方法先合成短链核酸分子, 然后将短 链核酸分子连接为长链核酸分子, 所述长链核酸分子的长度至少为短链分子长度的 2倍; 该方法包括如下步骤: 1) 短链核酸分子片段的设计及合成: 设计一段包含目标长链核酸 分子的核苷酸序列, 将所述核苷酸序列的双链中的每一条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点彼此错开, 合成所述小片段; 2) 端点的化学修饰: 将位于上述核苷酸 序列端点位置的 4 条小片段核酸分子中的至少一条的端点一该端点同时也是上述核苷酸 序列的端点一进行化学修饰, 使其带有可以发生生物和 /或化学反应的化学基团和 /或生物 分子, 上述进行了化学修饰的小片段核酸分子称为 "纯化序列"; 3 )短链核酸分子片段的 连接: 准备块状固体, 所述固体表面具有化学基团和 /或生物分子, 上述化学基团和 /或生 物分子能够与纯化序列上的化学基团和 /或生物分子连接, 将该块状固体加入步骤 2得到 的纯化序列的溶液中进行孵育, 纯化序列将通过其上的化学基团和 /或生物分子固定化到 固体表面,将上述孵育后的块状固体与步骤 1合成得到的小片段核酸分子在溶液中通过互 补配对, 形成带有缺口的双链, 在核酸分子连接酶的作用下, 形成完整的长链核酸分子; 4)纯化: 分离得到块状固体, 冲洗块状固体; 5 )扩增: 利用核酸扩增技术对固定化到块 权 利 要 求 书
WO 2013/007099 PCT/CN2012/000818 状固体表面的目标长链核酸分子进行扩增放大; 任选的步骤 6 )剪切: 通过酶切除核苷酸 序列中除目标长链核酸分子之外多余的核苷酸片段, 得到目标核酸分子。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于步骤 1中所述 "一段包含目标长链核酸分子 的核苷酸序列"为目标长链核酸分子本身。
4. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法, 其特征在于步骤 1中所述 "一段包含目标长链核酸分子 的核苷酸序列 "由目标长链核酸分子及位于目标长链核酸分子两端的 PCR引物序列和纯化 序列组成。
5. 根据权利要求 1-4的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于在步骤 4和 5之间还包括转录步骤。
6. 根据权利要求 1-5的任一项所述的方法,其特征在于在扩增步骤完成之后进一步进行纯化。
7. 根据权利要求 1-6的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于步骤 1中将目标核酸分子双链中的每 一条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点彼此错开至少 3个核苷酸, 优选彼 此错开至少 5个核苷酸, 进一步优选彼此错开至少 7个核苷酸, 最优选彼此错开至少 9个 核苷酸。
8. 根据权利要求 1-7的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于所述块状固体包括磁性材料、 硅、 二 氧化硅、 陶瓷、 高分子材料、 石英或者玻璃。
9. 根据权利要求 1-8的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于纯化序列修饰有生物素 (biotin ), 块 状固体表面修饰有链酶亲和素 (streptavidin )。
10.根据权利要求 1-9的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于纯化序列修饰有氨基, 块状固体表面 修饰有羧基; 或者纯化序列修饰有羧基, 块状固体表面修饰有氨基; 或者纯化序列修饰有 叠氮化物(azide ) , 块状固体表面修饰有炔烃(alkyne ); 或者纯化序列修饰有炔烃, 块状 固体表面修饰有叠氮化物。
11.根据权利要求 1-10的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于步骤 3中的核酸分子连接酶是 T4连 接酶或 Taq连接酶。
12.根据权利要求 1-11的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于所述长链核酸分子包括至少 700个 核苷酸,每一个小片段中的核苷酸数目 150; 或者所述长链核酸分子包括至少 1000个核 苷酸, 每一个小片段中的核苷酸数目 200。
13.一种大规模合成长链核酸分子的方法, 其特征在于该方法先合成短链核酸分子, 然后将短 链核酸分子连接为长链核酸分子, 所述长链核酸分子的长度至少为短链分子长度的 2倍; 该方法包括如下步骤: 1) 短链核酸分子片段的合成: 将目标长链核酸分子双链中的每一 条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点彼此错开, 合成所述小片段; 2) 短 链核酸分子片段的连接: 步骤 1合成得到的小片段核酸分子在溶液中通过互补配对, 形成 权 利 要 求 书
O 2013/007099 PCT/CN2012/000818 带有缺口的双链, 在核酸分子连接酶的作用下, 形成完整的长链核酸分子; 3 ) 纯化: 利 用 HPL:、 PAGE, 毛细管电泳或者凝胶电泳等方法对步骤 2的产物进行纯化, 分离得到目 标长链核酸分子; 4) 扩增: 利用核酸扩增技术对步骤 3纯化得到的目标长链核酸分子进 行扩增放大。
根据权利要求 13所述的方法, 其特征在于在步骤 3和 4之间还包括转录步骤。
根据权利要求 13或 14所述的方法, 其特征在于在扩增步骤完成之后进一步进行纯化。 根据权利要求 13-15的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于步骤 1中将目标核酸分子双链中的 每一条单链分别划分为若干个小片段, 两条链中的划分点彼此错开至少 3个核苷酸, 优选 彼此错开至少 5个核苷酸, 进一步优选彼此错开至少 7个核苷酸, 最优选彼此错开至少 9 个核苷酸。
根据权利要求 13-16的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于步骤 2中的核酸分子连接酶是 T4 连接酶或 Taq连接酶。
根据权利要求 13-17的任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于所述长链核酸分子包括至少 700个 核苷酸,每一个小片段中的核苷酸数目 150; 或者所述长链核酸分子包括至少 1000个核 苷酸, 每一个小片段中的核苷酸数目 200。
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