WO2012176266A1 - 固体電解質微粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解質微粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012176266A1 WO2012176266A1 PCT/JP2011/064056 JP2011064056W WO2012176266A1 WO 2012176266 A1 WO2012176266 A1 WO 2012176266A1 JP 2011064056 W JP2011064056 W JP 2011064056W WO 2012176266 A1 WO2012176266 A1 WO 2012176266A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/22—Alkali metal sulfides or polysulfides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/68—Aluminium compounds containing sulfur
- C01F7/70—Sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/10—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances sulfides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing solid electrolyte fine particles that can be used, for example, in an all-solid battery and can stably produce solid electrolyte fine particles having a fine particle diameter.
- lithium batteries currently on the market use an electrolyte containing a flammable organic solvent, it is possible to install safety devices that suppress the temperature rise during short circuits and to improve the structure and materials to prevent short circuits. Necessary.
- a lithium battery in which the electrolyte is changed to a solid electrolyte layer to make the battery completely solid does not use a flammable organic solvent in the battery, so the safety device can be simplified, and manufacturing costs and productivity can be reduced. It is considered excellent.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for forming a solid electrolyte material using mechanical milling using metal lithium, elemental sulfur, elemental phosphorus or the like as a raw material.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of forming a solid electrolyte material by reacting a lithium component, a sulfur component, simple phosphorus, etc. in an organic solvent. Further, it is disclosed that a solid electrolyte material formed in an organic solvent is precipitated by injecting a solvent having a low solubility of the solid electrolyte material.
- the particle diameter of the obtained solid electrolyte material is limited to about 1 ⁇ m, and it is difficult to make the particle diameter smaller.
- a method for controlling the particle diameter of the obtained solid electrolyte material has not been established, and a solid having a fine particle diameter is not established. There is a problem that it is difficult to stably manufacture the electrolyte material.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing solid electrolyte fine particles capable of stably producing solid electrolyte fine particles having a minute particle diameter.
- the present inventor has paid attention to the conditions for precipitating a solid electrolyte material dissolved in a solvent having a high solubility of the solid electrolyte material (good solvent) using a poor solvent, and earnestly
- the mass ratio of the poor solvent and the mass ratio of the solid electrolyte solution dropped into the poor solvent was found to correlate with the particle size of the precipitated solid electrolyte fine particles, and the mass ratio described above was obtained. It has been found that the solid electrolyte fine particles having a desired particle diameter can be stably precipitated by keeping the value within a predetermined range, and the present invention has been completed.
- the mass ratio m: n of the mass m of the solid electrolyte solution and the mass n of the poor solvent is such that the solid electrolyte fine particles
- a method for producing solid electrolyte fine particles wherein the solid electrolyte solution is mixed in the poor solvent so that the ratio of the mass n of the poor solvent is higher than the mass ratio of precipitation.
- fine particles are obtained by mixing the solid electrolyte layer solution in the poor solvent so that the ratio of the mass n of the poor solvent is higher than the mass ratio described above in the precipitation step. It becomes possible to stably produce solid electrolyte fine particles having a diameter.
- the solid electrolyte material is preferably a sulfide solid electrolyte material. This is because the sulfide solid electrolyte material has high Li ion conductivity, and a high output battery can be obtained when used in the solid electrolyte layer or electrode active material layer of an all-solid battery.
- the relative dielectric constant difference between the relative permittivity of the good solvent and the relative permittivity of the poor solvent is preferably 30 or less. This is because the compatibility of the good solvent and the poor solvent can be made higher, so that solid electrolyte fine particles having a finer particle diameter can be produced.
- the method for producing solid electrolyte fine particles of the present invention includes a preparation step of preparing a solid electrolyte solution by dissolving the solid electrolyte material in a good solvent, and the solubility of the solid electrolyte solution in the solid electrolyte material is lower than that of the good solvent.
- the mass ratio m: n of the mass m of the solid electrolyte solution and the mass n of the poor solvent is
- the solid electrolyte solution is mixed in the poor solvent so that the ratio of the mass n of the poor solvent is higher than the mass ratio at which the solid electrolyte fine particles are deposited.
- the good solvent refers to a solvent capable of dissolving the solid electrolyte material. More specifically, the solvent may be any solvent that can dissolve the solid electrolyte material even in a small amount at the temperature of the solvent during the preparation step and the precipitation step, and more specifically, the mass of the solid electrolyte material dissolved in 100 g of the solvent ( A solubility is 0.1 g or more.
- the poor solvent refers to a solvent in which the solubility of the solid electrolyte material is smaller than the solubility of the good solvent described above. More specifically, it refers to a solvent in which the mass (solubility) of the solid electrolyte material dissolved in 100 g of the solvent is 0 g at the temperature of the solvent during the precipitation step.
- mass ratio at which solid electrolyte fine particles are deposited means that when a solid electrolyte solution of mass m is mixed in a poor solvent of mass n, the solid electrolyte material deposited is a particulate solid electrolyte. It refers to the mass ratio that makes fine particles. Further, the solid electrolyte fine particles in the present invention refer to those having a particle size smaller than the particle size of the raw solid electrolyte material before being dissolved in a good solvent in the preparation step.
- FIGS. 1A to 1D are process diagrams showing an example of the method for producing solid electrolyte fine particles of the present invention.
- the method for producing the solid electrolyte fine particles 5 of the present invention comprises preparing the solid electrolyte solution 3 by dissolving the solid electrolyte material 1 in the good solvent 2 (FIG. 1 (a)) (FIG. 1 (b)), The solid electrolyte solution 3 is mixed in the poor solvent 4 (FIG. 1 (c)), and the solid electrolyte fine particles 5 are precipitated (FIG. 1 (d)).
- the mass ratio m: n between the mass m of the solid electrolyte solution 3 and the mass n of the poor solvent 4 is higher than the mass ratio at which the solid electrolyte fine particles 5 are deposited.
- the solid electrolyte solution 3 is mixed in the poor solvent 4.
- the solid electrolyte fine particles 5 are precipitated in the mixed solvent (2 + 4) of the good solvent 2 and the poor solvent 4.
- the solid electrolyte fine particles having a minute particle diameter can be precipitated.
- precipitation of the solid electrolyte fine particles occurs because the solubility of the solid electrolyte material decreases in the solid electrolyte solution mixed in the poor solvent.
- the larger the mass of the solid electrolyte solution mixed in the poor solvent the larger the solid electrolyte solution dispersed in the poor solvent.
- the present invention is characterized in that it has been found that the mass ratio m: n correlates with the particle diameter of the precipitated solid electrolyte fine particles. That is, according to the present invention, in the precipitation step, the solid electrolyte layer solution is mixed in the poor solvent so that the mass ratio of the poor solvent is higher than the mass ratio described above in the mass ratio m: n. It becomes possible to stably produce solid electrolyte fine particles having a particle size.
- each process of the manufacturing method of the solid electrolyte fine particle of this invention is demonstrated.
- the preparation step in the present invention is a step of preparing a solid electrolyte solution by dissolving a solid electrolyte material in a good solvent.
- the solid electrolyte material used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it has ion conductivity, and can be the same as that used for a solid electrolyte layer of a general all-solid battery.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte material, an oxide solid electrolyte material, etc. can be mentioned, and among them, a sulfide solid electrolyte material is preferable. This is because the sulfide solid electrolyte material has high Li ion conductivity, and when used in an all solid state battery, a high output battery can be obtained.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material usually contains a metal element (M) that becomes conductive ions and sulfur (S).
- M metal element
- S sulfur
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material preferably contains Li, A (A is at least one selected from the group consisting of P, Si, Ge, Al, and B) and S.
- A is preferably P (phosphorus).
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material may contain halogens such as Cl, Br, and I. It is because ion conductivity improves by containing a halogen.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material may contain O.
- Examples of the sulfide solid electrolyte material having Li ion conductivity include Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —LiI, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 2 O, Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 —Li 2 O—LiI, Li 2 S—SiS 2 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiI, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiBr, Li 2 S—SiS 2 —LiCl, Li 2 S-SiS 2 -B 2 S 3 -LiI, Li 2 S-SiS 2 -P 2 S 5 -LiI, Li 2 S-B 2 S 3, Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 -Z m S n ( provided that , M, n are positive numbers, Z is any one of Ge, Zn, and Ga.), Li 2 S—GeS 2 , Li 2 S—SiS 2 —Li 3 PO 4 , Li 2
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material if it is made by using the raw material composition containing Li 2 S and P 2 S 5, the proportion of Li 2 S to the total of Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 is For example, it is preferably in the range of 70 mol% to 80 mol%, more preferably in the range of 72 mol% to 78 mol%, and still more preferably in the range of 74 mol% to 76 mol%. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having an ortho composition or a composition in the vicinity thereof can be obtained, and a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high chemical stability can be obtained.
- ortho generally refers to one having the highest degree of hydration among oxo acids obtained by hydrating the same oxide.
- the crystal composition in which Li 2 S is added most in the sulfide is called the ortho composition.
- Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 system Li 3 PS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- P 2 S 5 in the raw material composition, even when using the Al 2 S 3, or B 2 S 3, a preferred range is the same.
- Li 3 AlS 3 corresponds to the ortho composition
- Li 3 BS 3 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material if it is made by using the raw material composition containing Li 2 S and SiS 2, the ratio of Li 2 S to the total of Li 2 S and SiS 2, for example 60 mol% ⁇ It is preferably within the range of 72 mol%, more preferably within the range of 62 mol% to 70 mol%, and even more preferably within the range of 64 mol% to 68 mol%. This is because a sulfide solid electrolyte material having an ortho composition or a composition in the vicinity thereof can be obtained, and a sulfide solid electrolyte material having high chemical stability can be obtained. In the Li 2 S—SiS 2 system, Li 4 SiS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- the preferred range is the same when GeS 2 is used instead of SiS 2 in the raw material composition.
- Li 4 GeS 4 corresponds to the ortho composition.
- the ratio of LiX is, for example, in the range of 1 mol% to 60 mol%. Preferably, it is in the range of 5 mol% to 50 mol%, more preferably in the range of 10 mol% to 40 mol%.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material may be sulfide glass, crystallized sulfide glass, or a crystalline material obtained by a solid phase method.
- the sulfide glass can be obtained, for example, by performing mechanical milling (ball mill or the like) on the raw material composition.
- Crystallized sulfide glass can be obtained, for example, by subjecting sulfide glass to a heat treatment at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature.
- the sulfide solid electrolyte material is a Li ion conductor
- the Li ion conductivity at room temperature is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 S / cm or more, for example, and preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 S / cm or more. More preferably.
- an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the solid electrolyte material before being dissolved in the good solvent (raw material) it is possible to obtain solid electrolyte fine particles having a particle diameter smaller than that of the solid electrolyte material in the precipitation step described later. If it is, it will not specifically limit.
- the solid electrolyte material is a sulfide solid electrolyte material, it is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, particularly 2 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, particularly 2 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the solid electrolyte material (D 50) can be determined, for example, by a particle size distribution meter.
- the solid electrolyte material can be dissolved, and more specifically, as long as the solubility of the solid electrolyte material is within the above-described range and does not deteriorate the solid electrolyte material. It is not limited.
- the relative permittivity of the good solvent can dissolve the solid electrolyte material, and in the precipitation step described later, the solid electrolyte fine particles can be precipitated by mixing the solid electrolyte solution in the poor solvent. If it is a grade which becomes, it will not specifically limit.
- the “relative dielectric constant of the solvent” in the present invention is the one described in the Chemical Society of Japan, “Chemical Handbook Basics II”, 4th revised edition, pages 499-501 published by Maruzen Co., Ltd. Can do. Further, the relative dielectric constant of the solvent can be determined by the following measurement method.
- a relative dielectric constant by filling a solvent to be measured between two electrode plates and applying a voltage at a high frequency to measure a current value. More specifically, for example, it can be measured by using a dielectric constant meter manufactured by Nippon Lucas.
- aprotic polar organic solvents examples include lactam compounds such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), amide compounds such as dimethylformamide, urea compounds such as tetramethylurea, etc. NMP is preferred.
- the solid electrolyte solution obtained by this step is not particularly limited as long as it contains a desired amount of the solid electrolyte material in the above-mentioned good solvent, but is preferably a saturated solution. This is because the solid electrolyte fine particles can be suitably deposited in the precipitation step described later.
- the temperature of the good solvent in the adjusting step is not particularly limited as long as a desired amount of the solid electrolyte material can be dissolved in the good solvent and the solid electrolyte material is not deteriorated. Specifically, it is preferably 200 ° C. or lower, particularly 60 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit value can be a temperature at which the solvent is in a liquid state (melting point of the solvent). This is because the solid electrolyte material can be suitably dissolved by setting the temperature of the good solvent within the above range.
- the precipitation step in the present invention is a step in which the solid electrolyte solution is mixed in a poor solvent in which the solubility of the solid electrolyte material is lower than that of the good solvent to precipitate solid electrolyte fine particles, and the mass of the solid electrolyte solution
- the solid electrolyte solution is mixed with the poor solvent so that the mass ratio m: n of the poor solvent to m and the mass ratio of the poor solvent is higher than the mass ratio at which the solid electrolyte fine particles are deposited. It is characterized by being mixed in.
- the poor solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as the solubility of the solid electrolyte material is lower than that of the good solvent, and more specifically, the solubility of the solid electrolyte material is within the above-described range. It is more preferable that the compatibility is high. This is because the higher the compatibility of the good solvent and the poor solvent, the smaller the particle diameter of the precipitated solid electrolyte fine particles.
- the reason why the particle diameter of the solid electrolyte fine particles can be made smaller as the compatibility between the good solvent and the poor solvent is higher is not clear, but is estimated as follows.
- the solid electrolyte solution mixed in the poor solvent is presumed to be dispersed in a granular form, but as the compatibility of the good solvent and the poor solvent increases, the granular solid electrolyte solution becomes smaller. It is possible. Therefore, since the content of the solid electrolyte material in the small granular solid electrolyte solution is small, it is presumed that the particle diameter of the precipitated solid electrolyte fine particles becomes small.
- the relative permittivity difference between the relative permittivity of the good solvent and the relative permittivity of the poor solvent in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the solid electrolyte fine particles having a desired particle diameter can be deposited. It is preferably 30 or less, particularly 28 or less. If the relative permittivity difference exceeds the above range, the compatibility of the good solvent and the poor solvent is not sufficient, and it may be difficult to precipitate the solid electrolyte material itself from the solid electrolyte solution. is there.
- the lower limit value of the relative dielectric constant difference can be about 10.
- the relative permittivity of the poor solvent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the relative permittivity difference with the relative permittivity of the good solvent can be within the above-described range.
- the relative permittivity of the poor solvent is preferably 2 or more, particularly 4 or more.
- Such a poor solvent include toluene, cyclopentyl methyl ether, butyl acrylate, and the like.
- the poor solvent mentioned above and the poor solvent (incompatible solvent) which does not show compatibility with a good solvent.
- the incompatible solvent include heptane when the good solvent is the solvent described above.
- the mass ratio m: n between the mass m of the solid electrolyte solution and the mass n of the poor solvent is particularly a mass ratio such that the proportion of the mass n of the poor solvent is higher than the mass ratio at which the solid electrolyte fine particles are deposited. It is not limited.
- the mass m of the solid electrolyte solution is the total amount of the solid electrolyte solution mixed in the poor solvent.
- the mass ratio m: n is appropriately adjusted in consideration of the type of the solid electrolyte material, the combination of the good solvent and the poor solvent, the concentration of the solid electrolyte solution, the particle diameter of the desired solid electrolyte fine particles, and the like. .
- the temperature of the solid electrolyte solution in the precipitation step can be the same as the temperature of the good solvent in the preparation step described above. Further, the temperature of the poor solvent in the precipitation step is not particularly limited as long as the solid electrolyte fine particles can be precipitated and the solid electrolyte fine particles are not deteriorated. In this step, the temperature is preferably the same as that of the solid electrolyte solution. This is because the solid electrolyte fine particles can be deposited more stably.
- any method can be used as long as the solid electrolyte solution can be uniformly mixed in a poor solvent and solid electrolyte fine particles having a desired particle diameter can be deposited.
- a method of continuously injecting the whole amount of the solid electrolyte solution while stirring the poor solvent a method of dropping the solid electrolyte solution in a plurality of times while stirring the poor solvent, etc.
- a method of dropping the solid electrolyte solution can be suitably used. This is because the particle diameter of the obtained solid electrolyte fine particles can be made more uniform by using the above-described method.
- the production method of the solid electrolyte fine particles of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a production method having the preparation step and the precipitation step described above, and other necessary steps can be appropriately selected and added. . Examples of such steps include a step of washing the obtained solid electrolyte fine particles, a step of drying the solid electrolyte fine particles, and the like.
- Solid electrolyte fine particles In the present invention, by adjusting various conditions such as a solid electrolyte material, a combination of a good solvent and a poor solvent, a concentration of the solid electrolyte solution, and a mass ratio m: n, a desired fine particle diameter can be obtained. It becomes possible to obtain the solid electrolyte fine particles.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the solid electrolyte fine particles when used in the solid electrolyte layer of an all-solid battery, the solid electrolyte layer can be a thin film and has high adhesion to the active material layer. There is no particular limitation as long as it can be made possible.
- the solid electrolyte fine particles are sulfide solid electrolyte fine particles, it is preferably 1.63 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the solid electrolyte fine particles obtained by the production method of the present invention can be used for any application requiring ion conductivity, but among them, those used for all-solid batteries are preferable.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
- the poor solvent is compatible with NMP.
- the good solvent 25 ° C.
- solid electrolyte solution 25 ° C.
- poor solvent 25 ° C.
- Li 2 S and P 2 S 5 were quantitatively mixed and mechanically milled to obtain Li 3 PS 4 as a sulfide solid electrolyte material.
- the obtained sulfide solid electrolyte material had a particle size of about 25 ⁇ m.
- a solid electrolyte solution was prepared by dissolving 1% by weight of the above-mentioned sulfide solid electrolyte material in NMP (relative dielectric constant: 32).
- the mass ratio m: n between the mass m of the solid electrolyte solution and the mass n of the poor solvent is 1:10. It was dripped so that sulfide solid electrolyte fine particles were deposited.
- Example 2 Sulfide solid electrolyte fine particles were deposited in the same manner as in Example 1 except that cyclopentyl methyl ether (relative dielectric constant: 4.7) was used as the poor solvent.
- Example 3 Sulfide solid electrolyte fine particles were deposited in the same manner as in Example 1 except that butyl acrylate (relative dielectric constant: 5.0) was used as the poor solvent.
- Example 4 As a poor solvent, sulfide was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mixed solvent in which 10% by weight of 2-ethylhexanol (relative dielectric constant: 7.7) was added to heptane (relative dielectric constant: 1.9) was used. Solid electrolyte fine particles were deposited. Heptane is a solvent that is not compatible with NMP.
- Example 5 A solid electrolyte solution was dropped into heptane in the same manner as in Example 1 except that heptane (relative dielectric constant: 1.9) was used as a poor solvent, to precipitate a sulfide solid electrolyte.
- the obtained sulfide solid electrolyte fine particles had a particle size of 5 ⁇ m or more.
- solid electrolyte fine particles having a small particle diameter can be obtained by dropping the solid electrolyte solution into a poor solvent by adjusting the mass ratio m: n to a predetermined amount.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の固体電解質微粒子の製造方法は、固体電解質材料を良溶媒中に溶解させて固体電解質溶液を調製する調製工程と、上記固体電解質溶液を上記固体電解質材料の溶解度が上記良溶媒よりも低い貧溶媒中に混合させて固体電解質微粒子を析出させる析出工程と、を有し、上記析出工程では、上記固体電解質溶液の質量mと上記貧溶媒の質量nとの質量比m:nが、上記固体電解質微粒子が析出する質量比以上に上記貧溶媒の質量nの割合が高くなるように、上記固体電解質溶液を上記貧溶媒中に混合させることを特徴とする製造方法である。
一方、貧溶媒とは、固体電解質材料の溶解度が上述した良溶媒の溶解度よりも小さい溶媒を指す。より具体的には、析出工程中の溶媒の温度において、溶媒100g中に溶解する固体電解質材料の質量(溶解度)が、0gである溶媒を指す。
以下、本発明の固体電解質微粒子の製造方法の各工程について説明する。
本発明における調製工程は、固体電解質材料を良溶媒中に溶解させて、固体電解質溶液を調製する工程である。
なお、本発明における「溶媒の比誘電率」は日本化学会編、「化学便覧基礎編II」、改訂4版、丸善株式会社発行の499頁~501頁に記載されているものを採用することができる。
また、上記溶媒の比誘電率については、以下の測定方法によって求めることも可能である。すなわち、2枚の電極板の間に測定する溶媒を満たし、電圧を高周波で印加して電流値を計測することにより、比誘電率を導出することが可能となる。より具体的には、例えば日本ルフト製の誘電率計を用いることに測定することができる。
本発明における析出工程は、上記固体電解質溶液を上記固体電解質材料の溶解度が上記良溶媒よりも低い貧溶媒中に混合させて固体電解質微粒子を析出させる工程であり、上記固体電解質溶液の質量mと上記貧溶媒の質量nとの質量比m:nが、上記固体電解質微粒子が析出する質量比以上に上記貧溶媒の質量nの割合が高くなるように、上記固体電解質溶液を上記貧溶媒中に混合させることを特徴とする。
上記非相溶性溶媒としては、良溶媒が上述した溶媒である場合は、ヘプタン等を挙げることができる。
また、析出工程における貧溶媒の温度としては、固体電解質微粒子を析出させることが可能であり、かつ、固体電解質微粒子を劣化させない程度であれば特に限定されない。本工程においては、なかでも、固体電解質溶液の温度と同様の温度であることが好ましい。固体電解質微粒子をより安定的に析出させることが可能となるからである。
本発明の固体電解質微粒子の製造方法は、上述した調製工程、および析出工程を有する製造方法であれば特に限定されず、他にも必要な工程を適宜選択して追加することができる。このような工程としては、例えば得られた固体電解質微粒子を洗浄する工程、上記固体電解質微粒子を乾燥させる工程等を挙げることができる。
本発明においては、固体電解質材料、良溶媒および貧溶媒の組み合わせ、固体電解質溶液の濃度、および質量比m:n等の種々の条件を調整することにより、所望の微小な粒子径を有する固体電解質微粒子を得ることが可能となる。
上記固体電解質微粒子の平均粒子径(D50)としては、全固体電池の固体電解質層に用いた際に、固体電解質層を薄膜なものとすることができ、活物質層との密着性の高いものとすることが可能なものとすることができれば、特に限定されない。例えば、固体電解質微粒子が、硫化物固体電解質微粒子である場合は、1.63μm以下、なかでも、0.05μm~1μmの範囲内であることが好ましい。
なお、以下の記載において特に言及しない場合は、貧溶媒はNMPに対して相溶性を有するものである。
また、以下の実施例1~5の硫化物固体電解質微粒子の作製工程における良溶媒、固体電解質溶液、および貧溶媒の温度については、良溶媒(25℃)固体電解質溶液(25℃)貧溶媒(25℃)の条件下で行った。
Li2SとP2S5を定量比混合し、メカニカルミリングすることで硫化物固体電解質材料としてLi3PS4を得た。得られた硫化物固体電解質材料の粒子径は約25μmであった。
NMP(比誘電率:32)中に上述の硫化物固体電解質材料を1w%溶解させた固体電解質溶液を調製した。
次に、得られた固体電解質溶液を貧溶媒としてトルエン(比誘電率:2.3)中に、固体電解質溶液の質量mおよび貧溶媒の質量nとの質量比m:nが1:10となるように滴下して、硫化物固体電解質微粒子を析出させた。
貧溶媒としてシクロペンチルメチルエーテル(比誘電率:4.7)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質微粒子を析出させた。
貧溶媒としてアクリル酸ブチル(比誘電率:5.0)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、硫化物固体電解質微粒子を析出させた。
貧溶媒として、ヘプタン(比誘電率:1.9)中に2-エチルヘキサノール(比誘電率:7.7)10w%加えた混合溶媒を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして硫化物固体電解質微粒子を析出させた。なお、ヘプタンはNMPとの相溶性を有さない溶媒である。
貧溶媒としてヘプタン(比誘電率:1.9)を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に、固体電解質溶液をヘプタン中に滴下し、硫化物固体電解質を析出させた。なお、得られた硫化物固体電解質微粒子は粒子径は5μm以上となった。
実施例1~5で得られた硫化物固体電解質微粒子の走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM、日本電子製)を用いて観察し、粒子径(D50)(平均粒子径)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
2 … 良溶媒
3 … 固体電解質溶液
4 … 貧溶媒
5 … 固体電解質微粒子
Claims (3)
- 固体電解質材料を良溶媒中に溶解させて固体電解質溶液を調製する調製工程と、
前記固体電解質溶液を前記固体電解質材料の溶解度が前記良溶媒よりも低い貧溶媒中に混合させて固体電解質微粒子を析出させる析出工程と、
を有し、
前記析出工程では、前記固体電解質溶液の質量mと前記貧溶媒の質量nとの質量比m:nが、前記固体電解質微粒子が析出する質量比以上に前記貧溶媒の質量nの割合が高くなるように、前記固体電解質溶液を前記貧溶媒中に混合させることを特徴とする固体電解質微粒子の製造方法。 - 前記固体電解質材料が硫化物固体電解質材料であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の固体電解質微粒子の製造方法。
- 前記良溶媒の比誘電率と前記貧溶媒の比誘電率との比誘電率差が、30以下であることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項または第2項に記載の固体電解質微粒子の製造方法。
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